Compounds > delphinidin

Page last updated: 2024-12-06

delphinidin

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Description

Delphinidin is a naturally occurring anthocyanin pigment found in various fruits and vegetables, notably blueberries, blackberries, and red grapes. It is a potent antioxidant that has been linked to numerous health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. Research suggests that delphinidin may help to protect against oxidative stress, a major contributor to aging and chronic diseases. It is also being studied for its potential to improve cognitive function and memory. Delphinidin is synthesized through a complex series of enzymatic reactions in plants, starting with the precursor molecule phenylalanine. The biosynthesis pathway involves a series of steps, including the formation of chalcone, flavanone, and dihydroflavonol intermediates. Delphinidin is highly reactive and can be easily degraded in solution, leading to the formation of colorless compounds. Researchers are actively exploring ways to stabilize delphinidin in food products and supplements to maximize its bioavailability and potential health benefits.'

Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

delphinidin: RN given refers to parent cpd; [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

delphinidin : An anthocyanidin cation consisting of benzopyrylium with hydroxy substituents at the 3-, 5- and 7-positions and a 3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl group at the 2-position. It is a plant pigment responsible for the colours of the plants of the genera Viola and Delphinium. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Flora	Rank	Flora Definition	Family	Family Definition
Viola	genus	A plant genus of the family VIOLACEAE. Some species in this genus are called bouncing bet which is a common name more often used with SAPONARIA OFFICINALIS. Members contain macrocyclic peptides.[MeSH]	Violaceae	A plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida.[MeSH]

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	68245
CHEBI ID	38701
SCHEMBL ID	22369
MeSH ID	M0067755
PubMed CID	128853
CHEMBL ID	276780
CHEMBL ID	590878
CHEBI ID	28436
SCHEMBL ID	22370
MeSH ID	M0067755

Synonyms (78)

Synonym
3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenium chloride
paraffin
flavylium 3,3',4',5,5',7-hexahydroxy-, chloride
1-benzopyrylium, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-, chloride
einecs 208-437-0
ccris 2518
3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrylium chloride
8012-95-1
ephdine
3,3',4',5,5',7-hexahydroxyflavylium chloride
delphinidine
delfinidol chloride
528-53-0
delphinidol
3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)benzopyrylium chloride
3,3',4',5,5',7-hexahydroxy-2-phenylbenzopyrylium chloride
delphinidin chloride
idb-1056
delphinidin chloride, analytical standard
2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol chloride
chebi:38701 ,
FT-0665679
em6md4aehe ,
unii-em6md4aehe
delphinidin [mi]
3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrylium chloride (1:1)
SCHEMBL22369
AC-35150
mfcd00016663
AKOS027326494
BCP15819
Q367258
FT-0645153
3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium chloride
DTXSID701019982
delphinidine; delphinidol; ephdine; idb 1056;delfinidol chloride; delphinidin
2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol;chloride
3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenyliumchloride
delphinidinchloride
E88811
AS-78369
CS-0022610
HY-N2409
delphinidin (chloride)
brn 1691007
3,3',4',5,5',7-hexahydroxyflavylium
flavylium, 3,3',4',5,5',7-hexahydroxy-
1-benzopyryium, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-
2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol
chlorure de 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)benzopyrylium
3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)benzopyryliumchlorid
C05908
delphinidin
idb 1056
13270-61-6
LMPK12010001
3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenium
CHEBI:28436 ,
CHEMBL276780
CHEMBL590878 ,
bdbm50326997
A829282
2-[3,4,5-tris(oxidanyl)phenyl]chromenylium-3,5,7-triol
2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrylium-3,5,7-triol
LK98100000
flavylium, 3,3',4',5,5',7-hexahydroxy-, acid anion
niosh/lk9810000
3,3',4',5,5',7-hexahydroxyflavylium acid anion
benzopyrylium, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-, acid anion
031a4bn94t ,
unii-031a4bn94t
SCHEMBL22370
1-benzopyrylium, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-
delphinidin cation
delfinidol
AKOS032954895
Q63409071
DTXSID80862123

Research Excerpts

Overview

Delphinidin is a diphenylpropane-based polyphenolic ring structure-harboring compound. It exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Delphinidin is a diphenylpropane-based polyphenolic ring structure-harboring compound, which exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-mutagenic activity."	( Delphinidin inhibits BDNF-induced migration and invasion in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. Choi, KC; Kim, H; Kim, YJ; Ko, H; Lee, IH; Lee, KH; Lee, YK; Lim, WC; Park, SH; So, KA; Song, JH, 2017)	2.62

Toxicity

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Five natural oils of varied origins, mixed with sea water by stirring, have been shown to be toxic for mussel larvae, which have been contaminated during one hour."	( [The toxicity of different crude oils on mussel larva]. Le Roux, S; Lucas, A; Pérès, JM, 1975)	0.25
" On the basis of the isolated blood-free perfused rat lung we developed a model to study the acute toxic effects of lamp oil."	( Assessment of the acute pulmonary toxicity of lamp oil aspiration in the isolated perfused rat lung. Aulmann, W; Göggel, R; Pittermann, W; Uhlig, S, 2003)	0.32
" Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) was quite toxic to enchytraeids, with significant effects on reproduction detected already at the 10 mgkg(-1) exposure level (EC(10)=2."	( Toxicity of three halogenated flame retardants to nitrifying bacteria, red clover (Trifolium pratense), and a soil invertebrate (Enchytraeus crypticus). Hartnik, T; Jensen, J; Mariussen, E; Sverdrup, LE, 2006)	0.33
" The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has reviewed relevant animal and clinical data and concluded that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment."	( Safety assessment of isoparaffins as used in cosmetics. Andersen, FA; Belsito, DV; Bergfeld, WF; Hill, RA; Johnson, W; Klaassen, CD; Liebler, D; Marks, JG; Shank, RC; Slaga, TJ; Snyder, PW, )	0.13
" The overall No Observed Adverse Effect Concentration (NOAEC) was the highest concentration tested in the study, >10,000 mg/m(3)."	( The sub-chronic toxicity in rats of isoparaffinic solvents. Adenuga, MD; Carrillo, JC; McKee, RH; Roth, RN; Simpson, BJ; Steup, D, 2013)	0.39
" Despite their obvious benefits, a wide range of possible complications such as immediate, late, delayed, temporary, or irreversible adverse effects have to be respected."	( Adverse effects of fillers and their histopathology. Haneke, E, 2014)	0.4
"Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are ubiquitous in the environment and might cause adverse environmental and human health effects."	( Relative developmental toxicity of short-chain chlorinated paraffins in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Chan, HM; Coelhan, M; Li, Y; Liu, L; Ma, W, 2016)	0.43
"The combined toxicity of mixed chemicals is usually evaluated according to several specific endpoints, and other potentially toxic effects are disregarded."	( A metabolomics strategy to assess the combined toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs). Chen, J; Geng, N; Gong, Y; Ren, X; Wang, F; Zhang, B; Zhang, H, 2018)	0.48
" In the future, further studies of SCCPs should focus on searching for their novel toxicity targets, and uncovering their toxic effects using transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and mutigenerational toxicity."	( The environmental distribution and toxicity of short-chain chlorinated paraffins and underlying mechanisms: Implications for further toxicological investigation. Fu, Z; Jin, X; Jin, Y; Wang, X; Xue, Z; Zhu, J, 2019)	0.51
" However, their mechanisms of toxicity or adverse outcome pathways and health risks remain largely unknown."	( Integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics reveals short-chain chlorinated paraffin-induced hepatotoxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rat. Cao, R; Chen, J; Gao, Y; Geng, N; Giesy, JP; Gong, Y; Ren, X; Wang, F; Xing, L; Xu, J; Zhang, H, 2019)	0.51
"Results of this work strongly support the conclusion that low-dose exposure to SCCPs can result in adverse outcomes in the rat model."	( Integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics reveals short-chain chlorinated paraffin-induced hepatotoxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rat. Cao, R; Chen, J; Gao, Y; Geng, N; Giesy, JP; Gong, Y; Ren, X; Wang, F; Xing, L; Xu, J; Zhang, H, 2019)	0.51
" Meanwhile, we summarize the recent studies on the toxic effects and toxicological mechanisms of SCCPs on aquatic organisms and mammals."	( Advances in Studies on Toxic Effects of Short-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins (SCCPs) and Characterization of Environmental Pollution in China. Fan, J; Kong, X; Li, X; Liu, P; Sun, Q; Wang, S; Yan, Z; Zheng, X, 2020)	0.56
" A safety evaluation was so performed by calculating the systemic exposure damage, and the results were finally considered to be safe for consumers."	( Development of a HS-SPME-GC-MS method for the analysis of phthalates in glycerin and liquid paraffin: application to safety evaluation of cosmetic packagings. Coslédan, S; Ferret, PJ; Murat, P; Simon, V, 2020)	0.56
" The main objective of this study was to understand the potential toxic effects of paraffin microparticles on key physiological processes of the polychaete Hediste diversicolor."	( First characterization of the ecotoxicity of paraffin particles: assessment of biochemical effects in the marine polychaete Hediste diversicolor. Castro, BB; Gomes, AS; Nunes, B, 2020)	0.56
" A novel food safety tracking and modeling framework for quantifying toxic chemical levels in the food and the food origins was developed."	( Assessing Safety of Market-Sold Fresh Fish: Tracking Fish Origins and Toxic Chemical Origins. Chen, B; Gao, H; Huang, T; Jiang, W; Lian, L; Liu, L; Ma, J; Mao, X; Song, S; Wang, Z; Zhao, Y, 2022)	0.72
" In this study, we treated mice with SCCPs by gavage and investigated the toxic effects of SCCPs on testis."	( Chronic oral exposure to short chain chlorinated paraffins induced testicular toxicity by promoting NRF2-mediated oxidative stress. Cheng, X; Ge, X; He, Z; Li, C; Ma, R; Qian, Z; Wang, S; Xue, M; Zhao, W, 2023)	0.91
" Several reviews have discussed short-chain CPs (SCCPs) induced ecological risk; however, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying toxic mechanisms and a comparison among SCCPs, medium-, and long-chain CPs (MCCPs and LCCPs, respectively) are yet to be established."	( Toxic effects and toxicological mechanisms of chlorinated paraffins: A review for insight into species sensitivity and toxicity difference. Cao, R; Chen, J; Chen, S; Cheng, L; Gao, Y; Geng, N; Gong, Y; Luo, Y; Yang, J; Zhang, H, 2023)	0.91
" are ubiquitous molds that are able to produce toxic secondary metabolites which may contaminate food globally."	( Delphinidin protects colon carcinoma cells against the genotoxic effects of the mycotoxin altertoxin II. Aichinger, G; Beisl, J; Kütt, ML; Marko, D; Puntscher, H; Warth, B, 2018)	0.48

Pharmacokinetics

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Toxicokinetics of these compounds were assessed and used to establish the corresponding physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models in rats."	( Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Chlorinated Paraffins in Rats and Humans: Importance of Biliary Excretion. Dong, Z; Hu, J; Li, T; Sun, Y; Wan, Y, 2020)	0.56

Compound-Compound Interactions

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The mechanisms of drug-drug interactions are generally classified and interferences within the gastrointestinal tract are discussed."	( [Drug interactions in the intestinal tract]. Mitznegg, P, 1979)	0.26
"The experiments on Wistar rats were undertaken to analyze metabolism of 253Pu in combination with tributylphosphate and organic solvents of trichlorobenzene and H-paraffin entering the organism through stab-wounds."	( [Distribution of plutonium-239 in the bodies of rats after its administration together with tributyl phosphate combined with organic solvents]. Khalturin, GV; Kuz'menko, OV, 1989)	0.28
" A novel analytical method, deuterodechlorination combined with high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC-HRMS), was developed."	( Quantification of Short-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins by Deuterodechlorination Combined with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Chen, J; Gao, Y; Lu, X; Wu, P; Yu, Z; Zhang, H; Zou, L, 2016)	0.43
" In addition, delphinidin in combination with an arsenic derivative arsenite (As(III)), which has demonstrated marked efficacy in patients with APL, achieved an enhanced cytocidal effect against NB4 cells, but lesser on PBMNCs."	( Delphinidin induces cytotoxicity and potentiates cytocidal effect in combination with arsenite in an acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cell line. Hirano, T; Moriyama, C; Okusumi, S; Takagi, N; Tanaka, S; Toyoda, H; Yoshino, Y; Yuan, B, 2015)	0.42

Bioavailability

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Higher absorption rate constants were observed for damaged skin than intact skin."	( Percutaneous absorption of drugs. IV. Percutaneous absorption of drugs from oily vehicles. Anmo, T; Arita, T; Nakano, M; Tanaka, I; Washitake, M, 1975)	0.25
" These chlorinated paraffins were very poorly absorbed through human skin and human dermal exposure should not cause significant systemic levels."	( In vitro absorption of some chlorinated paraffins through human skin. Scott, RC, 1989)	0.28
" Based on an absorption rate calibration experiment, a spatial survey of SCCPs was performed using passive air samplers in China, Japan, and South Korea during two separate periods in 2008."	( Atmospheric short-chain chlorinated paraffins in China, Japan, and South Korea. Jones, KC; Kobara, Y; Li, J; Li, Q; Luo, C; Nam, JJ; Pan, X; Wang, Y; Xu, Y; Zhang, G, 2012)	0.38
" The mechanism of these beneficial effects of anthocyanins are, however, hard to explain, given their very low bioavailability due to poor intestinal absorption."	( Delphinidin Reduces Glucose Uptake in Mice Jejunal Tissue and Human Intestinal Cells Lines through FFA1/GPR40. Burgos, RA; Flores, CA; Hidalgo, J; Hidalgo, MA; Morera, FJ; Núñez, L; Ojeda, C; Teuber, S; Villalobos, C, 2017)	0.46
"Despite limited bioavailability and rapid degradation, dietary anthocyanins are antioxidants with cardiovascular benefits."	( Bioavailable Concentrations of Delphinidin and Its Metabolite, Gallic Acid, Induce Antioxidant Protection Associated with Increased Intracellular Glutathione in Cultured Endothelial Cells. Deakin, SJ; Duthie, GG; Goszcz, K; Megson, IL; Stewart, D, 2017)	0.46
" However, in vivo delphinidin is poorly absorbed, thus its modest bioavailability and stability reduce its anti-angiogenic effects."	( Enhancement of the Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Delphinidin When Encapsulated within Small Extracellular Vesicles. Andriantsitohaina, R; Barkallah, M; Marze, S; Nzoughet-Kouassi, J; Ropers, MH; Simard, G; Thoulouze, L, 2021)	0.62
"Anthocyanins are potential bioactive compounds with less bioavailability due to instability in physicochemical and physiological harsh environments."	( Green synthesis of nanolipo-fibersomes using Nutriose® FB 06 for delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside delivery: Characterization, physicochemical properties, and application. Chen, W; Karim, N; Liu, S; Mo, J; Osman, AI; Rashwan, AK; Rooney, DW; Xie, J, 2023)	0.91

Dosage Studied

The screening of a highly diverse academic chemical library of 14,300 molecules yielded, after secondary assays and generation of dose-response curves, the identification of two natural product inhibitors, cyanidin and delphinidin. A biphasic dose- response was observed for protection against cyclophosphamide.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Controlled studies should be performed to prove efficacy, determine optimal TPLA formulation, and define dosage limits."	( Treatment of the cutaneous pain of acute herpes zoster with 9% lidocaine (base) in petrolatum/paraffin ointment. Cork, RC; Dunston, A; Eyrich, J; Heitler, D; Johnson, W; Lopez-Anaya, A; Naraghi, M; Ragan, A; Riopelle, AJ; Riopelle, J, 1994)	0.29
" The dose-response coefficient, K(dr) of sc-alanine dosimeters was stable in all investigated dose range from 1 to 23 kGy."	( Solid state "self-calibrated" EPR-dosimeters-advantageous and shortcomings. Fabisiak, S; Peimel-Stuglik, Z, 2006)	0.33
"The aim of this research was to prepare helical and cylindrical extrudates by melt extrusion and to evaluate their potential as sustained release dosage form."	( Melt extruded helical waxy matrices as a new sustained drug delivery system. Grassi, M; Hasa, D; Kleinebudde, P; Lenaz, D; Pagotto, M; Perissutti, B; Voinovich, D; Zacchigna, M, 2011)	0.37
"This study deals with the development of an oral controlled-release dosage form of a highly water-soluble antiepileptic drug."	( Controlled release of a highly hydrophilic API from lipid microspheres obtained by prilling: analysis of drug and water diffusion processes with X-ray-based methods. Daste, G; Faivre, V; Gueutin, C; Lesieur, S; Mancini, L; Ollivon, M; Pivette, P, 2012)	0.38
" Presently, griseofulvin is available only in conventional oral dosage forms that suffer from the issues of poor and highly variable bioavailability, numerous systemic side effects and long duration of treatment."	( Preparation and evaluation of antifungal efficacy of griseofulvin loaded deformable membrane vesicles in optimized guinea pig model of Microsporum canis--dermatophytosis. Aggarwal, N; Goindi, S, 2012)	0.38
"Adhesion of solid oral dosage forms to the oesophagus can be a disadvantage when delivering drugs that may cause oesophageal damage, or can be an advantage when developing localised therapies for this region."	( An in vitro model for the evaluation of the adhesion of solid oral dosage forms to the oesophagus. Dunkley, S; Smart, JD; Tsibouklis, J; Young, S, 2013)	0.39
" In this work, liposomes were synthesized and used in an ecotoxicological context, as a tool to assure stable dosing of technically challenging chemicals to zooplankton."	( Liposome-mediated delivery of challenging chemicals to aid environmental assessment of Bioaccumulative (B) and Toxic (T) properties. Castro, M; Lindqvist, D, 2020)	0.56
" The implementation of this assay to the screening of a highly diverse academic chemical library of 14,300 molecules yielded, after secondary assays and generation of dose-response curves, the identification of two natural product inhibitors, cyanidin and delphinidin."	( Identification by high-throughput screening of inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni NAD(+) catabolizing enzyme. Haiech, J; Hibert, M; Kellenberger, E; Kuhn, I; Lobstein, A; Muller-Steffner, H; Rognan, D; Said-Hassane, F; Schuber, F; Villa, P, 2010)	0.36
" With delphinidin and malvidin, a biphasic dose-response was observed for protection against cyclophosphamide."	( Protective effects of common anthocyanidins against genotoxic damage induced by chemotherapeutic drugs in mice. Abraham, SK; Khandelwal, N, 2014)	0.4

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Occurs in Manufacturing (2 Product(s))

Product Categories

Product Category	Products
Baby & Kids Products	1
Beauty & Personal Care	1

Products

Product	Brand	Category	Compounds Matched from Ingredients	Date Retrieved
Aveeno Baby Continuous Protection Sensitive Skin SPF 50 Stick -- 0.47 oz	Aveeno	Baby & Kids Products	paraffin, isopropyl myristate, oat, triethoxycaprylylsilane, ozokerite	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sun Bum Premium Sunscreen Face Stick SPF 30 -- 0.45 oz	Sun Bum	Beauty & Personal Care	BHT, cetyl alcohol, paraffin, ozokerite	2024-11-29 10:47:42

Roles (3)

Role	Description
antineoplastic agent	A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
biological pigment	An endogenous molecular entity that results in a colour of an organism as the consequence of the selective absorption of light.
plant metabolite	Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

Class	Description
anthocyanidin chloride	An organic chloride salt of any anthocyanidin.
5-hydroxyanthocyanidin	Any anthocyanidin cation that carries a hydroxy substituent at position 5.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (3)

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
2,3-cis-flavanols biosynthesis	1	9
anthocyanin biosynthesis (delphinidin 3-O-glucoside)	0	11
Flavonoid biosynthesis	0	19
Anthocyanin biosynthesis (delphinidin 3-O-glucoside)	0	10

Protein Targets (7)

Inhibition Measurements

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0063	0.0000	0.5369	10.0000	AID1330728
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0051	0.0000	0.4830	8.8000	AID1330727
Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	6.5000	0.1900	3.8204	9.8000	AID1695729
Lactoylglutathione lyase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1.9000	0.5600	3.5960	8.5000	AID515620
Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	30.0000	0.2600	4.0000	8.5000	AID1607718
CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	30.0000	1.3000	6.6892	10.0000	AID1607718
ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	14.6000	6.0000	6.8333	8.2000	AID603318
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (297)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
MAPK cascade	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
ossification	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic placenta development	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
hair follicle development	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
translation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of phospholipase C activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
salivary gland morphogenesis	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
midgut development	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
learning or memory	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian rhythm	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
diterpenoid metabolic process	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cerebral cortex cell migration	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell growth	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
lung development	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migration	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of superoxide anion generation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cobalamin	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hydroxyisoflavone	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to reactive oxygen species	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
ERBB2-EGFR signaling pathway	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein catabolic process	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
vasodilation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphorylation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
ovulation cycle	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
hydrogen peroxide metabolic process	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
tongue development	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA repair	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA replication	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bone resorption	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstriction	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of JNK cascade	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cell	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein autophosphorylation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
astrocyte activation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
digestive tract morphogenesis	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection morphogenesis	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell proliferation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein insertion into membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to calcium ion	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glial cell proliferation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
morphogenesis of an epithelial fold	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
eyelid development in camera-type eye	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to UV-A	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mucus secretion	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amino acid stimulus	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to mechanical stimulus	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cadmium ion	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to estradiol stimulus	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
liver regeneration	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell adhesion	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein kinase C activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of prolactin secretion	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cardiocyte differentiation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neurogenesis	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism development	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of kinase activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of macroautophagy	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial depolarization	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial fission	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
angiogenesis	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
ovarian follicle development	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
vasculogenesis	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
lymph vessel development	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell maturation	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endocardium development	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endothelium development	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell shape	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
mesenchymal cell proliferation	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell migration	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migration	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic hemopoiesis	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 signaling pathway	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
surfactant homeostasis	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cell fate commitment	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesis	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein autophosphorylation	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
lung alveolus development	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
post-embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell proliferation	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of positive chemotaxis	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion homeostasis	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
vascular wound healing	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferation	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bone development	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hydrogen sulfide	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of stem cell proliferation	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasculogenesis	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of MAPK cascade	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism development	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cell migration	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endothelial cell differentiation	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of kinase activity	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion homeostasis	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
microglial cell activation	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of receptor recycling	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretion	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein kinase activity	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
neutral lipid metabolic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid metabolic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial membrane organization	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
adult locomotory behavior	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
response to iron(II) ion	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of phospholipase activity	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glutamate secretion	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine secretion	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle exocytosis	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle priming	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transmembrane transporter activity	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of microtubule polymerization	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor internalization	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein destabilization	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
response to magnesium ion	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transporter activity	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of monooxygenase activity	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
response to type II interferon	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to oxidative stress	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
SNARE complex assembly	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of SNARE complex assembly	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of locomotion	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine biosynthetic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of macrophage activation	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endocytosis	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of exocytosis	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of exocytosis	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle endocytosis	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle transport	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory response	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of acyl-CoA biosynthetic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerization	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of serotonin uptake	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of norepinephrine uptake	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of norepinephrine uptake	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
long-term synaptic potentiation	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
response to interleukin-1	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to copper ion	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to epinephrine stimulus	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
supramolecular fiber organization	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to cell periphery	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynapse assembly	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid fibril formation	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse organization	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate metabolic process	Lactoylglutathione lyase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Lactoylglutathione lyase	Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione metabolic process	Lactoylglutathione lyase	Homo sapiens (human)
methylglyoxal metabolic process	Lactoylglutathione lyase	Homo sapiens (human)
osteoclast differentiation	Lactoylglutathione lyase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Lactoylglutathione lyase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesis	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
thigmotaxis	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral defense response	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glycolytic process	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
protein acetylation	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
internal protein amino acid acetylation	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic process	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system development	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
heart development	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
skeletal muscle tissue development	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
learning or memory	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian rhythm	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
animal organ morphogenesis	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of autophagy	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of autophagy	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrion organization	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron projection development	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
N-terminal peptidyl-lysine acetylation	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
internal peptidyl-lysine acetylation	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-lysine acetylation	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiation	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet formation	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
lung development	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein-containing complex assembly	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
protein destabilization	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nutrient levels	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growth	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
megakaryocyte development	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
swimming	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein import into nucleus	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estrogen	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation by host of viral transcription	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
fat cell differentiation	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gluconeogenesis	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilization	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
face morphogenesis	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-lysine propionylation	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to L-leucine	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tubulin deacetylation	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-lysine crotonylation	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-lysine butyrylation	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular response to heat	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of TORC1 signaling	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin remodeling	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein acetylation	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of smoothened signaling pathway	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
N-terminal peptidyl-lysine acetylation	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein destabilization	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nutrient levels	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
homeostatic process	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic digit morphogenesis	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
rhythmic process	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assembly	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular response to heat	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
female pregnancy	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron projection development	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
artery smooth muscle contraction	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
NAD metabolic process	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell growth	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of B cell proliferation	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin secretion	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estradiol	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to retinoic acid	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to progesterone	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hydroperoxide	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferation	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of bone resorption	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstriction	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell receptor signaling pathway	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
long-term synaptic depression	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to interleukin-1	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic signaling pathway	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (95)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
epidermal growth factor receptor activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
virus receptor activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
double-stranded DNA binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
MAP kinase kinase kinase activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine kinase activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane signaling receptor activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
epidermal growth factor receptor activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
integrin binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
kinase binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine kinase activator activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cadherin binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
actin filament binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
epidermal growth factor binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine kinase activity	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor activity	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
integrin binding	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
coreceptor activity	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
growth factor binding	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
vascular endothelial growth factor binding	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cadherin binding	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
Hsp90 protein binding	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase D inhibitor activity	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
SNARE binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
magnesium ion binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
actin binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase inhibitor activity	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
ferrous iron binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
kinesin binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
Hsp70 protein binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
histone binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-tubulin binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
tau protein binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphoprotein binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
molecular adaptor activity	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
dynein complex binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
cuprous ion binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
lactoylglutathione lyase activity	Lactoylglutathione lyase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Lactoylglutathione lyase	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Lactoylglutathione lyase	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coregulator binding	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coactivator binding	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
p53 binding	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
damaged DNA binding	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coactivator activity	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
histone acetyltransferase activity	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
lysine N-acetyltransferase activity, acting on acetyl phosphate as donor	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
beta-catenin binding	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
histone H3 acetyltransferase activity	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
histone H4 acetyltransferase activity	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
acetyltransferase activity	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
acyltransferase activity	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor binding	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide N-acetyltransferase activity	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
histone H3K18 acetyltransferase activity	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
histone H2B acetyltransferase activity	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
histone H3K27 acetyltransferase activity	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
tau protein binding	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear androgen receptor binding	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
NF-kappaB binding	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide-lysine-N-acetyltransferase activity	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
protein propionyltransferase activity	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
pre-mRNA intronic binding	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
STAT family protein binding	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide 2-hydroxyisobutyryltransferase activity	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
histone lactyltransferase activity	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylation-dependent protein binding	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide butyryltransferase activity	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
histone crotonyltransferase activity	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
histone butyryltransferase activity	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
histone H3K122 acetyltransferase activity	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin DNA binding	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coactivator binding	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
p53 binding	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
damaged DNA binding	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coactivator activity	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription corepressor activity	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
histone acetyltransferase activity	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
acetyltransferase activity	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide N-acetyltransferase activity	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
MRF binding	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
histone H3K18 acetyltransferase activity	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
histone H3K27 acetyltransferase activity	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide-lysine-N-acetyltransferase activity	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide lactyltransferase activity	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor binding	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin DNA binding	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
NAD+ nucleosidase activity	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transferase activity	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
NAD+ nucleotidase, cyclic ADP-ribose generating	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (54)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
endosome	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
ruffle membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesion	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell junction	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
multivesicular body, internal vesicle lumen	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular vesicle	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complex	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
Shc-EGFR complex	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cell junction	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
anchoring junction	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
sorting endosome	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complex	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet alpha granule membrane	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
lysosome	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
cell cortex	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
actin cytoskeleton	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
inclusion body	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
growth cone	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle membrane	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
supramolecular fiber	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
axon terminus	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Lactoylglutathione lyase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Lactoylglutathione lyase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Lactoylglutathione lyase	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Lactoylglutathione lyase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Lactoylglutathione lyase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-DNA complex	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
histone acetyltransferase complex	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear body	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
histone acetyltransferase complex	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	CREB-binding protein	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear membrane	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (28)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1607718	Inhibition of p300 (unknown origin)/CBP (unknown origin)	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178	Histone acetyltransferase inhibitors: An overview in synthesis, structure-activity relationship and molecular mechanism.
AID1372104	Downregulation of BDNF-induced MMP2 mRNA expression in human SKOV3 cells after 24 hrs by qRT-PCR analysis	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 27, Issue:23	Delphinidin inhibits BDNF-induced migration and invasion in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells.
AID1372099	Antiproliferative activity against human SKOV3 cells at 100 uM after 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 27, Issue:23	Delphinidin inhibits BDNF-induced migration and invasion in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells.
AID1372100	Antiproliferative activity against human SKOV3 cells at 200 uM after 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 27, Issue:23	Delphinidin inhibits BDNF-induced migration and invasion in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells.
AID1372096	Antiproliferative activity against human SKOV3 cells at 10 uM after 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 27, Issue:23	Delphinidin inhibits BDNF-induced migration and invasion in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells.
AID1695729	Inhibition of human alpha-synuclein filament formation expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells incubated for 72 hrs by thioflavin S based fluorescence assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 167	Toward the discovery and development of effective modulators of α-synuclein amyloid aggregation.
AID1372095	Antiproliferative activity against human SKOV3 cells at 5 uM after 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 27, Issue:23	Delphinidin inhibits BDNF-induced migration and invasion in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells.
AID515626	Induction of apoptosis in human HL60 cells assessed as nucleosomal DNA fragmentation after 48 hrs using ethidium bromide staining by agarose gel electrophoresis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 18, Issue:19	Delphinidin, a dietary anthocyanidin in berry fruits, inhibits human glyoxalase I.
AID1372102	Inhibition of BDNF-induced invasion in human SKOV3 cells after 24 hrs in by matrigel invasion assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 27, Issue:23	Delphinidin inhibits BDNF-induced migration and invasion in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells.
AID1372107	Inhibition of BDNF-induced NFkappaB nuclear translocation in human SKOV3 cells at 50 to 75 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 27, Issue:23	Delphinidin inhibits BDNF-induced migration and invasion in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells.
AID1372106	Inhibition of BDNF-induced AKT phosphorylation in human SKOV3 cells after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 27, Issue:23	Delphinidin inhibits BDNF-induced migration and invasion in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells.
AID515625	Induction of apoptosis in human HL60 cells assessed as nucleosomal DNA fragmentation at up to 100 uM using ethidium bromide staining by agarose gel electrophoresis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 18, Issue:19	Delphinidin, a dietary anthocyanidin in berry fruits, inhibits human glyoxalase I.
AID1372101	Antimigratory activity against human SKOV3 cells assessed as inhibition of BDNF-induced cell migration after 24 hrs by scratch wound healing assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 27, Issue:23	Delphinidin inhibits BDNF-induced migration and invasion in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells.
AID515623	Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells at up to 100 uM by MTS assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 18, Issue:19	Delphinidin, a dietary anthocyanidin in berry fruits, inhibits human glyoxalase I.
AID515622	Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells after 48 hrs by MTS assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 18, Issue:19	Delphinidin, a dietary anthocyanidin in berry fruits, inhibits human glyoxalase I.
AID515620	Inhibition of human recombinant glyoxalase 1 assessed as S-D-lactoylglutathione after 15 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 18, Issue:19	Delphinidin, a dietary anthocyanidin in berry fruits, inhibits human glyoxalase I.
AID1330727	Inhibition of VEGFR-2 (unknown origin) using poly (Glu, Tyr) 4:1 as substrate after 1 hr by ELISA	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 123	Identification of new potent phthalazine derivatives with VEGFR-2 and EGFR kinase inhibitory activity.
AID1372098	Antiproliferative activity against human SKOV3 cells at 75 uM after 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 27, Issue:23	Delphinidin inhibits BDNF-induced migration and invasion in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells.
AID515621	Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells after 24 hrs by MTS assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 18, Issue:19	Delphinidin, a dietary anthocyanidin in berry fruits, inhibits human glyoxalase I.
AID1372105	Downregulation of BDNF-induced MMP9 mRNA expression in human SKOV3 cells after 24 hrs by qRT-PCR analysis	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 27, Issue:23	Delphinidin inhibits BDNF-induced migration and invasion in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells.
AID1330728	Inhibition of EGFR (unknown origin) using poly (Glu, Tyr) 4:1 as substrate after 1 hr by ELISA	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 123	Identification of new potent phthalazine derivatives with VEGFR-2 and EGFR kinase inhibitory activity.
AID1372097	Antiproliferative activity against human SKOV3 cells at 50 uM after 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 27, Issue:23	Delphinidin inhibits BDNF-induced migration and invasion in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells.
AID474216	Inhibition of FCepsilonRI expression in human HMC1 cells at 50 to 100 uM after 72 hrs by flow cytometry	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 20, Issue:7	New inhibitors for expression of IgE receptor on human mast cell.
AID456317	Antioxidant activity assessed as trolox equivalent by TEAC assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 18, Issue:1	Reliability of bond dissociation enthalpy calculated by the PM6 method and experimental TEAC values in antiradical QSAR of flavonoids.
AID320801	Inhibition of beta amyloid 25-35 fibril formation at 10 uM	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 18, Issue:2	New polyphenols active on beta-amyloid aggregation.
AID456319	ABTS radical scavenging activity assessed as vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 18, Issue:1	Reliability of bond dissociation enthalpy calculated by the PM6 method and experimental TEAC values in antiradical QSAR of flavonoids.
AID537627	Inhibition of Schistosoma mansoni recombinant NAD+ glycohydrolase expressed in Pichia pastoris by continuous fluorometric method	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 18, Issue:22	Identification by high-throughput screening of inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni NAD(+) catabolizing enzyme.
AID603318	Inhibition of human CD38 using 20 uM 1, N6-etheno NAD+ as substrate by continuous fluorimetric method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 21, Issue:13	Flavonoids as inhibitors of human CD38.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (3,868)

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	1782 (46.07)	18.7374
1990's	469 (12.13)	18.2507
2000's	459 (11.87)	29.6817
2010's	747 (19.31)	24.3611
2020's	411 (10.63)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 44.45

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

Metric	This Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index	44.45 (24.57)
Research Supply Index	8.29 (2.92)
Research Growth Index	4.65 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index	81.29 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index	2.20 (0.95)

This Compound (44.45)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	99 (2.55%)	5.53%
Trials	3 (1.20%)	5.53%
Reviews	117 (3.01%)	6.00%
Reviews	8 (3.20%)	6.00%
Case Studies	248 (6.38%)	4.05%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	3,425 (88.07%)	84.16%
Other	239 (95.60%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
ethylene dichloride ethylene dichloride: RN given refers to 1,2-isomer; structure given in first source. 1,2-dichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2.	2.11	1	0	chloroethanes	hepatotoxic agent; mutagen; non-polar solvent
alpha-hydroxyglutarate 2-hydroxyglutarate : A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid.. 2-hydroxyglutaric acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid in which one hydrogen alpha- to a carboxylic acid group is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.07	1	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	metabolite; mouse metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	1.96	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	2.02	1	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	3.93	13	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.	1.94	1	0	aldehyde	carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	6.57	19	1	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	2.63	3	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
anthranilic acid anthranilic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #565. anthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid having a single amino substituent located at position 2. It is a metabolite produced in L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the central nervous system.	1.94	1	0	aminobenzoic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	1.95	1	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
benzaldehyde [no description available]	2.46	2	0	benzaldehydes	EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; fragrance; odorant receptor agonist; plant metabolite
benzene [no description available]	3.66	10	0	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	2.55	2	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	1.95	1	0	amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	4.07	3	1	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	4	12	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
chlordecone [no description available]	2.17	1	0	cyclic ketone; organochlorine compound	insecticide; persistent organic pollutant
choline [no description available]	2.35	2	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	5.03	5	2	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	3.9	13	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	3.35	7	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	3.37	7	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
octane Octanes: Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. octane : A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms.	2.11	1	0	alkane	xenobiotic
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	2.01	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
4-nitrophenylphosphate nitrophenylphosphate: RN given refers to mono(4-nitrophenyl) ester of phosphoric acid. 4-nitrophenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the mono-esterification of phosphoric acid with 4-nitrophenol.	1.98	1	0	aryl phosphate	mouse metabolite
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	3.48	2	0	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.	1.99	1	0	guaiacols	disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite
2,4-diaminobutyric acid 2,4-diaminobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 2,4-diaminobutyric acid : A diamino acid that is butyric acid in which a hydrogen at position 2 and a hydrogen at position 4 are replaced by amino groups.	1.96	1	0	diamino acid; gamma-amino acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
dibenzofuran Dibenzofurans: Compounds that include the structure of dibenzofuran.. dibenzofurans : Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a dibenzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.. dibenzofuran : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.	2.58	2	0	dibenzofurans; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	xenobiotic
cytosine [no description available]	2.52	2	0	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	4.54	4	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	4.85	8	1	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
ethanolamine [no description available]	3.09	1	0	ethanolamines; primary alcohol; primary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	13.98	309	3	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
formamide formimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is formic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.. primary carboxamide : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with ammonia; formula RC(=O)NH2.	2.05	1	0	carboximidic acid; formamides; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	solvent
hexachlorocyclohexane Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.	2.36	2	0	chlorocyclohexane
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	9.66	30	9	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	3.57	3	0	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dalteparin Dalteparin: A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.31	1	0
histamine [no description available]	1.94	1	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	2.35	2	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
hydroquinone [no description available]	2.6	1	0	benzenediol; hydroquinones	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent
indole [no description available]	2.35	2	0	indole; polycyclic heteroarene	Escherichia coli metabolite
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	3.19	6	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
pipecolic acid pipecolic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pipecolic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position C-2.. pipecolate : A piperidinecarboxylate that is the conjugate base of pipecolic acid.	2.39	2	0	piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	4.11	16	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phytic acid Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.	2.39	2	0	inositol phosphate
croton oil [no description available]	1.94	1	0	N-acyl-hexosamine
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	2.7	3	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	2.37	2	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	3.75	11	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.46	2	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
hydroxide ion [no description available]	2.6	1	0	oxygen hydride	mouse metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	2.38	2	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	2.37	2	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
phenanthrene phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'	2.02	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon; phenanthrenes	environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite
phthalic acid phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.	3.27	1	0	benzenedicarboxylic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	1.97	1	0	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.95	4	0	propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	metabolite; protic solvent
purine 1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.	2.17	1	0	purine
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	2.05	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.	1.94	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion	human metabolite
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	3.06	5	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	2.9	4	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
trimethylamine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	methylamines; tertiary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	2.65	3	0	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	5.17	11	1	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).	2.05	1	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	3.77	2	1	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	2.65	3	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
2,4,6-tribromophenol [no description available]	1.93	1	0	bromophenol	environmental contaminant; fungicide; marine metabolite
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	2.17	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine: mutagen from fried ground beef; structure given in first source. PhIP : An imidazopyridine that is 1H--imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 6 by methyl, amino, and phenyl groups, respectively. It is the most abundant of the mutagenic heterocyclic amines found in cooked meat and fish.	2	1	0	imidazopyridine; primary amino compound	carcinogenic agent; mutagen
3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.	3.33	7	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	3.25	6	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source	3.8	1	1	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.	1.97	1	0	dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline	adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
theophylline [no description available]	5.02	5	2	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
2-aminothiazole 2-aminothiazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,3-thiazol-2-amine : A primary amino compound that is 1,3-thiazole substituted by an amino group at position 2.	2.03	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; primary amino compound
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	2.04	1	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	1.95	1	0	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
anthralin Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.	4.87	8	1	anthracenes	antipsoriatic
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	2.34	2	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
atrazine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	4.3	6	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
bisacodyl Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)	3.49	2	0	diarylmethane
bromhexine Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).	1.95	1	0	organobromine compound; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	mucolytic
caffeine [no description available]	2	1	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	1.93	1	0	bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone	plant metabolite
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	2.1	1	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.	2.02	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
cetyl alcohol cetyl alcohol: has been used for eczema, skin irritations; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hexadecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of sixteen carbon atoms.. hexadecan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is hexadecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	4.52	5	1	hexadecanol; long-chain primary fatty alcohol	algal metabolite; flavouring agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite
cetylpyridinium Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.	2	1	0	pyridinium ion
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	2	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	2.1	1	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	2.6	1	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
cifenline [no description available]	1.96	1	0	diarylmethane
clenbuterol Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.04	1	0	amino alcohol; dichlorobenzene; ethanolamines; primary arylamine; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent
danthron danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.	4.1	2	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
dapi DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.	2.38	2	0	indoles	fluorochrome
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	1.98	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
dibutyl phthalate Dibutyl Phthalate: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.. dibutyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans.	2.07	1	0	diester; phthalate ester	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; metabolite; plasticiser; teratogenic agent
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	2.42	2	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene: An organochlorine pesticide, it is the ethylene metabolite of DDT.	2.66	3	0	chlorophenylethylene; monochlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite; persistent organic pollutant
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	1.96	1	0	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
diethyl pyrocarbonate Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.. diethyl pyrocarbonate : The diethyl ester of dicarbonic acid.	2	1	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	2.07	1	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	2.05	1	0	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
endosulfan Endosulfan: A polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its mode of action involves repetitive nerve-discharges positively correlated to increase in temperature. This compound is extremely toxic to most fish. (From Comp Biochem Physiol (C) 1993 Jul;105(3):347-61). endosulfan : A cyclic sulfite ester that is 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide substituted by chloro groups at positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 10.	2.74	3	0	cyclic sulfite ester; cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	1.95	1	0
ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.	2.46	2	0	ether; volatile organic compound	inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
ethylenediamine ethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; edamine is the recommended contraction for the ethylenediamine radical. ethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine in which the alkane is ethane.	1.96	1	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	GABA agonist
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	2.03	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.	2.03	1	0	aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.41	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.	2.03	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	2.41	2	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	3.57	9	0	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	1.93	1	0	methoxybenzenes
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.	2.6	1	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	3.57	9	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.	1.98	1	0	phenanthridines	fluorochrome; intercalator
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	1.94	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
hypericin [no description available]	3.31	1	0
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	2.37	2	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2.92	4	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	2.36	2	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	3.33	7	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.	1.94	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	1.97	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	2.15	1	0	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.	1.98	1	0	nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	3.31	1	0	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	2.03	1	0	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methenamine Methenamine: An anti-infective agent most commonly used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Its anti-infective action derives from the slow release of formaldehyde by hydrolysis at acidic pH. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p173). hexamethylenetetramine : A polycyclic cage that is adamantane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 3, 5 and 7 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.	3.06	5	0	polyazaalkane; polycyclic cage; tetramine	antibacterial drug
metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.	1.94	1	0	aromatic ketone	antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	3.38	1	1	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	2.35	2	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	1.94	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.	1.94	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
nipecotic acid nipecotic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. nipecotic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is piperidine in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.	1.96	1	0	beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
masoprocol nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)	3.31	1	0	catechols; lignan; tetrol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; plant metabolite
nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.	1.95	1	0	organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite
oxybutynin oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	2.82	2	0	acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.	1.94	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; phenols	antitubercular agent
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	3.45	2	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	1.99	1	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
pentoxifylline [no description available]	2.07	1	0	oxopurine
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione	2.65	3	0	acetamides; aromatic ether	cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	2.35	2	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phenolsulfonphthalein Phenolsulfonphthalein: Red dye, pH indicator, and diagnostic aid for determination of renal function. It is used also for studies of the gastrointestinal and other systems.. phenol red : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. It is also used in the (now infrequently performed) phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test for estimation of overall blood flow through the kidney.	1.93	1	0	2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; phenols; sultone	acid-base indicator; diagnostic agent; two-colour indicator
phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.	3.45	2	0	pyrazolidines	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	2.07	1	0	isoquinolines
procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.	1.94	1	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug
promazine Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.	2.1	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.	2.38	2	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.	3.23	6	0	phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion	fluorochrome; intercalator
stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.	3.35	7	0	long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
sulfacetamide Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.	1.95	1	0	N-sulfonylcarboxamide; substituted aniline	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfaguanidine Sulfaguanidine: A sulfanilamide antimicrobial agent that is used to treat enteric infections.. sulfaguanidine : A sulfonamide incorporating a guanidine moiety used to block the synthesis of folic acid; mostly used in veterinary medicine	2	1	0	sulfonamide antibiotic	antiinfective agent
temozolomide [no description available]	2.02	1	0	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
krypton Krypton: A noble gas that is found in the atmosphere. It has the atomic symbol Kr, atomic number 36, atomic weight 83.80, and has been used in electric bulbs.	1.94	1	0	monoatomic krypton; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
tyramine [no description available]	2.4	2	0	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
urethane [no description available]	3.44	2	0	carbamate ester	fungal metabolite; mutagen
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	4.59	6	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.	3.31	1	0	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	3.45	2	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	3.06	5	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
thymidine [no description available]	3.05	5	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	2.36	2	0	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	2.9	4	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.	1.99	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	2.9	4	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	3.31	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
hydroxyacetylaminofluorene Hydroxyacetylaminofluorene: A N-hydroxylated derivative of 2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE that has demonstrated carcinogenic action.	1.99	1	0	2-acetamidofluorenes
2-acetylaminofluorene 2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.	1.95	1	0	2-acetamidofluorenes	antimitotic; carcinogenic agent; epitope; mutagen
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	2.36	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
idoxuridine [no description available]	1.94	1	0	organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.	1.99	1	0	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	2.42	2	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	2.39	2	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
benz(a)anthracene benz(a)anthracene: 4 fused rings of which one is angular in contrast to the linear NAPHTHACENES. tetraphene : An angular ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings.	1.95	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	3.04	5	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	2.65	3	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.	3.03	1	0	pseudohalide anion	EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	3.58	9	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
chlordan Chlordan: A highly poisonous organochlorine insecticide. The EPA has cancelled registrations of pesticides containing this compound with the exception of its use through subsurface ground insertion for termite control and the dipping of roots or tops of non-food plants. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.02	1	0	cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	2.68	3	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	2.86	4	0	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.	2.36	2	0	tetrachlorophenol	xenobiotic metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	2.88	4	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	1.96	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	3.2	6	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)	2.37	2	0	azobenzenes
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	1.98	1	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cloxacillin Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.	2.39	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	3.76	11	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	2.37	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)	1.96	1	0	quaternary ammonium salt
androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.	3.52	2	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	2.88	4	0	lactose
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	3.19	6	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	2.35	2	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	5.36	14	1	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
fluocinolone acetonide Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.	3.73	2	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
sodium citrate, anhydrous Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.	2	1	0	organic sodium salt	anticoagulant; flavouring agent
dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	1.95	1	0	formamides; volatile organic compound	geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent
mannitol [no description available]	1.95	1	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
1,1,1-trichloroethane Trichloroethanes: Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.. 1,1,1-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes carrying three chloro substituents at position 1.	1.99	1	0	chloroethanes	polar solvent
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	1.94	1	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	4.08	3	1	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
ethane Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.	2.94	4	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	plant metabolite; refrigerant
ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges	3.63	2	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	plant hormone; refrigerant
acetylene [no description available]	2.06	1	0	alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound
propane Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.	2.48	2	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	food propellant
methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.	2.57	2	0	chloromethanes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant
dichlorodimethylsilane [no description available]	2	1	0
trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.	1.95	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite
triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.	3.33	1	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
fluoxymesterone Fluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.	1.97	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; fluorinated steroid	anabolic agent; antineoplastic agent
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	4.45	21	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.	3.75	11	0	alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound	plant metabolite
trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.	2.39	2	0	chloroethenes	inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite
acrylamide [no description available]	2.02	1	0	acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin
tetrabromobisphenol a tetrabromobisphenol A: a brominated flame retardant. 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A : A bromobisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups and the phenyl rings are substituted by bromo groups at positions 2, 2', 6 and 6'. It is a brominated flame retardant.	2.49	2	0	brominated flame retardant; bromobisphenol
alpha-pinene [no description available]	2.48	2	0	pinene	plant metabolite
methylmethacrylate Methylmethacrylate: The methyl ester of methacrylic acid. It polymerizes easily to form POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE. It is used as a bone cement.. methyl methacrylate : An enoate ester having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component.	1.98	1	0	enoate ester; methyl ester	allergen; polymerisation monomer
pyocyanine Pyocyanine: Antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.. pyocyanine : An iminium betaine that is 5-methylphenazin-5-ium which is substituted at position 1 by an oxidanidyl group. An antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	1.93	1	0	iminium betaine; phenazines	antibacterial agent; bacterial metabolite; biological pigment; virulence factor
penicillin v Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.	1.94	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
penicillanic acid Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration.	1.97	1	0	penicillanic acids
1,2,3-trichlorobenzene trichlorobenzene: commercial grade of trichlorobenzene containing 70% 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene & 30% 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene; see also record for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. trichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying three chloro substituents at unspecified positions.. 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1, 2 and 3.	2.38	2	0	trichlorobenzene
xylitol xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.	4.07	3	1
2,4,6-trichlorophenol [no description available]	1.96	1	0	trichlorophenol	carcinogenic agent
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	1.94	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
picryl chloride Picryl Chloride: A hapten that generates suppressor cells capable of down-regulating the efferent phase of trinitrophenol-specific contact hypersensitivity. (Arthritis Rheum 1991 Feb;34(2):180).. 1-chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene : The C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	1.94	1	0	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; explosive; hapten
2-naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.	3.09	1	0	naphthylamine	carcinogenic agent
3,3'-diaminobenzidine 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine: A chemically and thermodynamically stable derivative of BENZIDINE.. 3,3'-diaminobenzidine : A member of the class of biphenyls that is benzidine in which one of the hydrogens ortho to each of the amino groups has been replaced by an amino group.	2.36	2	0	biphenyls; substituted aniline	histological dye
tolonium chloride Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques.	3.34	7	0
pyronine Pyronine: Xanthene dye used as a bacterial and biological stain. Synonyms: Pyronin; Pyronine G; Pyronine Y. Use also for Pyronine B. which is diethyl-rather than dimethylamino-.. pyronin Y : An organic chloride salt having 6-(dimethylamino)-N,N-dimethyl-3H-xanthen-3-iminium as the cation. Used with methyl green to selectively demonstrate RNA (red) in contrast to DNA (green) with the Unna-Pappenheim method.	1.95	1	0	iminium salt; organic chloride salt	histological dye
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	2.39	2	0	xanthene
phenothiazine 10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.	2.1	1	0	phenothiazine	ferroptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
benzidine benzidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzidine : A member of the class of biphenyls that is 1,1'-biphenyl in which the hydrogen at the para-position of each phenyl group has been replaced by an amino group.	1.92	1	0	biphenyls; substituted aniline	carcinogenic agent
methyl benzoate methyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by condensation of benzoic acid and methanol.	2.37	2	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester	insect attractant; metabolite
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)	4.07	3	1	benzoate ester; paraben; phenols	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.	3.75	2	1	carbonyl compound
3-methylpentane 3-methylpentane : An alkane that is pentane which is substituted by a methyl group at position 3. It is used as a solvent in organic synthesis, as a lubricant and as a raw material for producing carbon black.	1.99	1	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	allelochemical; human metabolite; non-polar solvent
butyl methacrylate [no description available]	1.96	1	0	enoate ester
4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde: structure in first source. 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is benzaldehyde carrying a dimethylamino substituent at position 4. Used as an indicator for detection of indoles and hydrazine.	1.98	1	0	benzaldehydes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	chromogenic compound
ethylbenzene [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alkylbenzene
styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.	1.92	1	0	styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound	mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite
triethanolamine triethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethanolamine : A tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.	2	1	0	amino alcohol; tertiary amino compound; triol	buffer; surfactant
n-propylbenzene n-propylbenzene: RN given refers to parent cpd. propylbenzene : An alkylbenzene that is benzene having one of its aromatic hydrogens substituted by a propyl group.	2.07	1	0	alkylbenzene
1,3-butadiene buta-1,3-diene : A butadiene with unsaturation at positions 1 and 3.	2.15	1	0	butadiene	carcinogenic agent; mutagen
acrolein [no description available]	2.38	2	0	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
glyoxal [no description available]	2.41	1	0	dialdehyde	agrochemical; allergen; pesticide; plant growth regulator
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	3.19	5	0	alkane
acetic anhydride acetic anhydride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. acetic anhydride : An acyclic carboxylic anhydride derived from acetic acid.	2	1	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride	metabolite; reagent
pentane Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.	1.99	1	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; refrigerant
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	1.97	1	0	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isopropyl myristate isopropyl myristate: used for microemulsions; structure	3.84	2	1	fatty acid ester
n-hexane hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.	3.02	4	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
cyclohexane Cyclohexane: C6H12. cyclohexane : An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon.	2.21	1	0	cycloalkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
squalane [no description available]	4.16	5	0
1-hexanol 1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	2.04	1	0	hexanol; primary alcohol	alarm pheromone; antibacterial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite
n-dodecane dodecane : A straight-chain alkane with 12 carbon atoms. It has been isolated from the essential oils of various plants including Zingiber officinale (ginger).	2.15	1	0	alkane	plant metabolite
dodecanol Dodecanol: A saturated 12-carbon fatty alcohol obtained from coconut oil fatty acids. It has a floral odor and is used in detergents, lubricating oils, and pharmaceuticals. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). dodecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twelve carbon atoms.. dodecan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is dodecane in which a hydrogen from one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is registered for use in apple and pear orchards as a Lepidopteran pheromone/sex attractant, used to disrupt the mating behaviour of certain moths whose larvae destroy crops.	2.45	2	0	dodecanol; primary alcohol	bacterial metabolite; cosmetic; insect attractant; insecticide; pheromone; plant metabolite
eicosane icosane : A straight chain alkane composed of 20 carbon atoms. It has been isolated from the leaves of Agave attenuata.	2.02	1	0	long-chain alkane	plant metabolite
propylene propylene: structure	3.9	3	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	refrigerant; xenobiotic
dicofol Dicofol: An organochlorine insecticide.. dicofol : A tertiary alcohol that is DDT in which the benzylic hydrogen has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.02	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine acaricide; tertiary alcohol
tetradifon tetradifon: acaricide; ovicide on deciduous fruits, citrus, cotton and other crops; structure. tetradifon : A sulfone that is diphenylsulfone in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorine at position 4, while the other is substituted by a chlorine at positions 2, 4, and 5.	2.02	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine acaricide; sulfone; trichlorobenzene
diethylhexyl phthalate Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	3.84	3	0	diester; phthalate ester	androstane receptor agonist; apoptosis inhibitor; plasticiser
2-ethylhexyl salicylate 2-ethylhexyl salicylate: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	benzoate ester; phenols
hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.	3.77	3	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	4.26	4	1	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
anthracene acene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.. acenes : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives.	2.02	1	0	acene; anthracenes; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
4-sulfanilic acid 4-sulfanilic acid: minor descriptor (75-82); online search SULFANILIC ACIDS; Index Medicus search BENZENESULFONATES. 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid : An aminobenzenesulfonic acid that is aniline sulfonated at the para-position.	2.05	1	0	aminobenzenesulfonic acid	allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
1,4-naphthoquinone naphthoquinone : A polycyclic aromatic ketone metabolite of naphthalene.. 1,4-naphthoquinone : The parent structure of the family of 1,4-naphthoquinones, in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 4 of the naphthalene ring. Derivatives have pharmacological properties.	3.31	1	0	1,4-naphthoquinones
diatrizoate meglumine Diatrizoate Meglumine: A versatile contrast medium used for DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY RADIOLOGY.. meglumine amidotrizoate : The N-methylglucamine salt of amidotrizoic acid. Both the sodium and the meglumine salts of amidotrizoic acid have been widely used as water-soluble radioopaque media in diagnostic radiography. The use of a mixture of the two salts is often preferred, as adverse effects can be reduced.	3.36	1	1	monocarboxylic acid anion	radioopaque medium
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	1.95	1	0	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
neozone N-phenyl-2-naphthalenamine: structure in first source	3.09	1	0	naphthalenes
benzyl acetate benzyl acetate : The acetate ester of benzyl alcohol.	1.98	1	0	acetate ester; benzyl ester	metabolite
ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.	2.46	2	0	acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-heptane Heptanes: Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.. heptane : A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi).	3.11	5	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; plant metabolite
diphenhydramine hydrochloride Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.	1.99	1	0	hydrochloride; organoammonium salt	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; sedative
triphenylene triphenylene: structure. triphenylene : An ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings.	2.05	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	3.95	4	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
dibenzo(1,4)dioxin dibenzo(1,4)dioxin: structure	2.08	1	0	dibenzodioxine; heteranthrene; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; oxacycle; polycyclic heteroarene
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	4.32	1	1	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	2.93	4	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	2.03	1	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
perfluorooctanoic acid perfluorooctanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorooctanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid.	2.25	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; surfactant; xenobiotic
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	3.73	2	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.	1.95	1	0	1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	2.21	1	0	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
hopane hopane: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.02	1	0	terpenoid fundamental parent; triterpene
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.	2.65	3	0
plumbagin plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.	3.31	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols	anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite
chrysophanic acid chrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260. chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.	2.05	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite
reticulin Reticulin: A scleroprotein fibril consisting mostly of type III collagen. Reticulin fibrils are extremely thin, with a diameter of between 0.5 and 2 um. They are involved in maintaining the structural integrity in a variety of organs.	2.85	4	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline; isoquinolinol	plant metabolite
tridecanedioic acid tridecanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is undecane substituted by carboxylic acid groups at positions C-1 and C-11.	1.98	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	metabolite
octacosanoic acid octacosanoic acid: RN given refers to parent. octacosanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is octacosane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to the corresponding carboxy group.	2.03	1	0	straight-chain saturated fatty acid; ultra-long-chain fatty acid	plant metabolite
thioacetic acid ethanethioic S-acid : A thioacetic acid that is acetic acid in which the oxygen atom of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a sulfur atom.	1.96	1	0	thioacetic acid
oleanolic acid [no description available]	2.06	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
hematoxylin Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.	4.44	21	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; oxacycle; polyphenol; tertiary alcohol	histological dye; plant metabolite
luminol Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.	2.04	1	0
physcione physcione: structure. physcion : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 8, a methoxy group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 6. It has been widely isolated and characterised from both terrestrial and marine sources.	2.05	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite
cetyl palmitate palmityl palmitate : A palmitate ester resulting from the formal condensation of palmitic acid with palmityl alcohol. It is used as a thickener and emollient in cosmetics.	2.07	1	0	hexadecanoate ester	metabolite
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.41	1	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
n-hexadecane n-hexadecane: structure. hexadecane : A straight-chain alkane with 16 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oil isolated from long pepper.	3.06	1	0	long-chain alkane	non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
eosine yellowish-(ys) Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.	4.28	17	0	organic sodium salt; organobromine compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
phenalen-1-one phenalen-1-one: fossil fuel combustion product	2.1	1	0
gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.	3.34	7	0	organic chloride salt	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye
resazurin resazurin: used as indicator in detection of hyposulfite (sulfoxylate); in food research (reductase test); structure	2.1	1	0	phenoxazine
aminopenicillanic acid aminopenicillanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 6-aminopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid compound having a (6R)-amino substituent. The active nucleus common to all penicillins, it may be substituted at the 6-amino position to form the semisynthetic penicillins, resulting in a variety of antibacterial and pharmacologic characteristics.	1.97	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; penicillanic acids	allergen
hematoporphyrin Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.	1.97	1	0
neutral red Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.	1.95	1	0	hydrochloride	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
tripalmitin tripalmitin: structure. tripalmitin : A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.	2.07	1	0	triglyceride
docusate Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid: All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt.	3.19	1	0	diester; organosulfonic acid
octadecane octadecane: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecane : A straight-chain alkane carrying 18 carbon atoms.	2.55	2	0	long-chain alkane	bacterial metabolite; plant metabolite
pentachlorobenzene pentachlorobenzene: structure. pentachlorobenzene : A member of the class of pentachlorobenzenes that is benzene in which five of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. Now classed as a persistent organic pollutant under the Stockholm Convention.	2.11	1	0	pentachlorobenzenes	persistent organic pollutant
2,4-dibromophenol 2,4-dibromophenol : A bromophenol that is phenol in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 have been replaced by bromines.	2.02	1	0	brominated flame retardant; bromophenol; dibromobenzene	marine metabolite
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.36	2	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
tridecane tridecane : A straight chain alkane containing 13 carbon atoms. It forms a component of the essential oils isolated from plants such as Abelmoschus esculentus.	2.43	2	0	long-chain alkane	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
pentadecane pentadecane : A straight-chain alkane with 15 carbon atoms. It is a component of volatile oils isolated from plants species like Scandix balansae.	2.02	1	0	long-chain alkane	animal metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
nonacosane nonacosane: constituent of Apocynum venetum leaf. nonacosane : A straight-chain alkane comprising of 29 carbon atoms.	1.98	1	0	long-chain alkane	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
hentriacontane [no description available]	1.98	1	0	long-chain alkane	antitubercular agent
tritriacontane tritriacontane : A long-chain alkane consisting of an unbranched chain of 33 carbon atoms.	3.27	6	0	long-chain alkane
c.i. 42510 Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin.	3.97	14	0
tetracosane tetracosane: a pure alkane compound. tetracosane : A straight-chain alkane containing 24 carbon atoms.	2.03	1	0	long-chain alkane	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.	2.02	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate hexamethylene diisocyanate : A diisocyanate compound with the two isocyanates linked by a hexane-1,6-diyl group.	2.06	1	0	diisocyanate	allergen; hapten
1-phenylazo-2-naphthol 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.95	1	0
hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydroxyethyl methacrylate: many of cited refs are for gel which refers to polymeric form of above cpd: POLYHYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.	3.47	8	0	enoate ester	allergen; polymerisation monomer
azure a Azure A: RN given refers to chloride. azure A : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. It is used in making azure eosin stains for blood smear staining.	1.96	1	0
endosulfan sulfate [no description available]	2.11	1	0
decabromobiphenyl ether decabromobiphenyl ether: a flame retardant. decabromodiphenyl ether : A polybromodiphenyl ether that is diphenyl ether in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by bromines.	2.03	1	0	polybromodiphenyl ether	neurotoxin
carmine Carmine: Coloring matter from the insect Coccus cacti L. It is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, etc., as a dye, and also has use as a microscopic stain and biological marker.	2.06	1	0
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	4.82	5	0
potassium hydroxide potassium hydroxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-OH	2.08	1	0	alkali metal hydroxide
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.06	5	0	alkali metal hydroxide
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	2.4	2	0	zinc molecular entity
thorium dioxide Thorium Dioxide: Thorium oxide (ThO2). A radiographic contrast agent that was used in the early 1930s through about 1954. High rates of mortality have been linked to its use and it has been shown to cause liver cancer.	1.95	1	0	thorium molecular entity
lead sulfide lead sulfide: surma refers to fine powder-like mascara, applied to conjunctival surfaces of eyes; originally contained antimony sulfide (derived from Urdu word for antimony); recently lead sulfide has been used due to scarcity of antimony; RN given refers to cpd with MF of Pb-S; galena is the principal ore of lead sulfide. Black kohl stone and red-brown kohl stone are widely used in eye cosmetics in the Middle East, Asia and Africa	2.07	1	0
monolaurin monolaurin: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified monolaurin locant. 1-monolauroylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride with dodecanoyl (lauroyl) as the acyl group.. rac-1-monolauroylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol comprising equal amounts of 1-lauroyl-sn-glycerol and 3-lauroyl-sn-glycerol	2	1	0	1-monoglyceride; dodecanoate ester; rac-1-monoacylglycerol
ammonium hydroxide Ammonium Hydroxide: The hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.. ammonium hydroxide : A solution of ammonia in water.	3.79	2	1	inorganic hydroxy compound	food acidity regulator
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	3.1	5	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
digoxigenin Digoxigenin: 3 beta,12 beta,14-Trihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digoxin. Can be obtained by hydrolysis of digoxin or from Digitalis orientalis L. and Digitalis lanata Ehrh.. digoxigenin : A hydroxy steroid that consists of 5beta-cardanolide having a double bond at the 20(22)-position as well as hydroxy groups at the 3beta-, 12beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Digitalis.	2.7	3	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol	hapten; plant metabolite
decane decane : A straight-chain alkane with 10 carbon atoms.	2.05	1	0	alkane
pristane pristane: structure. pristane : A norterpene that is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon derived from phytane by loss of its C-16 terminal methyl group.	3.48	2	0	long-chain alkane; norterpene	biomarker; immunological adjuvant
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.	2.11	1	0	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
flumethasone Flumethasone: An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice.	4.04	3	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug
betamethasone valerate Betamethasone Valerate: The 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low systemic anti-inflammatory activity.. betamethasone valerate : A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester.	3.38	1	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid ester	anti-inflammatory drug
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	3.09	5	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
fast green fcf Fast Green FCF: structure. Fast green FCF : An organic sodium salt having 2-{(4-{ethyl[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]amino}phenyl)[4-{ethyl[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]iminio}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]methyl}-5-hydroxybenzene-1-sulfonate as the counterion. Used as a substitute for Light green SF yellowish in Masson's trichrome as it is less likely to fade, and is more brilliant in colour. Also used as a food colouring agent.	1.96	1	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; food colouring; histological dye
thioflavin t thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.	2.02	1	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; geroprotector; histological dye
fucose Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.	2.36	2	0	fucopyranose; L-fucose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: structure given in first source	2.44	2	0	primary alcohol
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	2.93	4	0	fluorescein isothiocyanate
sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.	2.41	2	0	thujene	plant metabolite
mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.	2.36	2	0	D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose	metabolite
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	1.95	1	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
streptomycin [no description available]	2.37	2	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.	3.03	5	0	carbon oxoanion
floxacillin Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.	3.14	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
iodinated glycerol iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant	2.1	1	0	dioxolane
terbutylazine terbutylazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N-tert-butyl-N'-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.	2.07	1	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
limonene Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.	2.02	1	0	cycloalkene; p-menthadiene	human metabolite
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	3.8	1	1	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
enbucrilate Enbucrilate: A tissue adhesive that is applied as a monomer to moist tissue and polymerizes to form a bond. It is slowly biodegradable and used in all kinds of surgery, including dental.	2.04	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; nitrile
octyl 2-cyanoacrylate [no description available]	3.99	1	1
iridium Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.	2.15	1	0	cobalt group element atom; platinum group metal atom
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	2.68	3	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	3.21	6	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.	2.36	2	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
osmium Osmium: A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os.	2.64	3	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	2.01	1	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	2.68	3	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
plutonium Plutonium: A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, and atomic number 94. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons.	2.38	2	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	2.06	1	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	7.04	42	0	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	3.24	6	0	titanium group element atom
tungsten Tungsten: A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.	2.37	2	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
americium Americium: A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, and atomic number 95. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy.	2.13	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	2.65	3	0	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	3.98	14	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.	1.95	1	0	monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom	food packaging gas
xenon Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.	1.94	1	0	monoatomic xenon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.	2.47	2	0	titanium group element atom
californium Californium: A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cf, atomic number 98, and atomic weight 251. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Californium has medical use as a radiation source for radiotherapy.	2.13	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.	3.44	2	0	magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt	anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.	2.34	2	0	mercury coordination entity	sensitiser
hypochlorous acid Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.	3.34	1	1	chlorine oxoacid; reactive oxygen species	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.	1.97	1	0	diatomic bromine
barium sulfate Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite.	4.03	3	1	barium salt; inorganic barium salt; metal sulfate	radioopaque medium
sodium sulfite [no description available]	1.92	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; sulfite salt	food preservative; reducing agent
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	2.38	2	0	calcium phosphate
chromates Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.	3.04	5	0	chromium oxoanion; divalent inorganic anion	oxidising agent
silver nitrate Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.	4.2	18	0	inorganic nitrate salt; silver salt	astringent
calcium sulfate Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.	2.35	2	0	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	1.94	1	0	dihydrogen
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	1.94	1	0	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	5.64	23	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
glycerol 1-stearate glycerol 1-stearate: isolated from the young fronds of the bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum; structure in first source. rac-1-monostearoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol composed of equal amounts of 3-stearoyl-sn-glycerol and 1-stearoyl-sn-glycerol.. 1-monostearoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has stearoyl as the acyl group.	2.07	1	0	1-acylglycerol 18:0; rac-1-monoacylglycerol	algal metabolite; Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	3.42	7	0
hexamethyldisiloxane dimethicone: a linear silicone; an ingredient of SIMETHICONE; lotion of dimeticone in a volatile silicone base has been used to treat LICE	3.44	1	1	organosiloxane
aluminum sulfate aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) : An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation.	1.97	1	0	aluminium sulfate
radon Radon: A naturally radioactive element with atomic symbol Rn, and atomic number 86. It is a member of the noble gas family found in soil, and is released during the decay of RADIUM.. radon(0) : A monoatomic radon that has an oxidation state of zero.	1.94	1	0	monoatomic radon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	3.19	6	0
ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.	2.89	4	0	ammonium salt; inorganic chloride	ferroptosis inhibitor
ethionine L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.	2.34	2	0	S-ethylhomocysteine	antimetabolite; carcinogenic agent
n-ethyl-n-hydroxyethylnitrosamine N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)nitrosamine : A nitrosamine that is N-nitrosodiethylamine in which one of the ethyl froups has been replaced by a 2-hydroxyethyl group. It is used to induce renal and liver tumours in rodents.	1.99	1	0	nitrosamine; primary alcohol	carcinogenic agent
2',3-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl 2',3-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.39	2	0
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	2.45	2	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
dechlorane plus dechlorane plus: a flame retardant; structure in first source	2.69	2	0
selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.	3.31	1	0	selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound	geroprotector
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	1.96	1	0	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2.37	2	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
fluorides [no description available]	2.36	2	0	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
iodine [no description available]	2.34	2	0	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
aluminum phosphide [no description available]	3.8	1	1
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	3.31	1	0	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	5.46	21	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
phenoxyethanol phenoxyethanol: structure. 2-phenoxyethanol : An aromatic ether that is phenol substituted on oxygen by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.	3.44	1	1	aromatic ether; glycol ether; primary alcohol	antiinfective agent; central nervous system depressant
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.	1.94	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
tributyl phosphate tributyl phosphate: a detergent. tributyl phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid.	1.97	1	0	trialkyl phosphate
tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.	2.35	2	0	chlorocarbon; chloroethenes	nephrotoxic agent
fludrocortisone Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.	2.38	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; fluorinated steroid; mineralocorticoid	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
pyrene pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.	2.38	2	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	fluorescent probe; persistent organic pollutant
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.	2	1	0
alkenes [no description available]	6.1	23	0
calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones).	1.97	1	0	organic calcium salt
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.1	1	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	1.95	1	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
triforine triforine: structure. triforine : A member of the class of N-alkylpiperazines in which the two amino groups of piperazine are replaced by 1-formamido-2,2,2-trichloroethyl groups. A fungicide active against a range of diseases including powdery mildew, scab and rust.	2.01	1	0	amide fungicide; formamides; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	allergen; antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor
octachlorostyrene [no description available]	2.15	1	0	organochlorine compound
vx VX nerve agent : A organic thiophosphate that is the ethyl ester of S-{2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethyl} O hydrogen methylphosphonothioate. A toxic nerve agent used in chemical warfare.	2.1	1	0	organic thiophosphate; tertiary amino compound	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine) Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine): A mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls that induces hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity towards thyroxine.. Aroclor 1254 : A mixture of polychlorobiphenyls of unspecified composition, containing 54% chlorine (X = Cl or H).	2.01	1	0
diisopropanolnitrosamine diisopropanolnitrosamine: experimental carcinogen. N,N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine : A nitrosamine that is dipropylamine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a nitroso group. It is a genotoxic carcinogen, targeting the lung, liver, thyroid, and kidney.	1.99	1	0	diol; nitrosamine; secondary alcohol	carcinogenic agent
3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine T1023: radioprotective NO-Synthase Inhibitor	2.01	1	0
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	2.08	1	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran: structure given in first source	3.06	1	0	polychlorinated dibenzofuran
propiconazole Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.	2.36	2	0	conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	2.4	2	0	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
pergolide Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.	3.31	1	0	diamine; methyl sulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist
fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.	1.92	1	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols	agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
iopentol [no description available]	1.99	1	0	amidobenzoic acid
cidofovir anhydrous Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.	2.03	1	0	phosphonic acids; pyrimidone	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	1.97	1	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
octyl gallate [no description available]	2.01	1	0	gallate ester	food antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
sudan black b Sudan black B : A member of the class of perimidines that is 2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidine carrying a [4-(phenyldiazenyl)naphthalen-1-yl]diazenyl substituent at position 6. A fat-soluble dye predominantly used for demonstrating triglycerides in frozen sections and for staining of protein bound lipids in paraffin sections.	2.13	1	0	azobenzenes; bis(azo) compound; perimidines	histological dye
zircon zircon: RN given refers to Zr(+4)[1:1] salt; structure	2.13	1	0
cetostearyl alcohol cetostearyl alcohol: component of creams, ointments, emulsifying agents	2.04	1	0
acridine orange Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.	2.35	2	0	aminoacridines; aromatic amine; tertiary amino compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
urea formaldehyde foam urea formaldehyde foam: widely used foam insulation	2.02	1	0
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	3.01	4	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	2.7	3	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
ursolic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2.08	1	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
thionine thionine: do not confuse with the thionins which is a class of polypeptides; RN above is for the chloride;. thionine : An organic chloride salt composed of 3,7-diaminophenothiazin-5-ium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio. A strongly metachromatic dye, useful for the staining of acid mucopolysaccharides. It is also a common nuclear stain and can be used for the demonstration of Nissl substance in nerve cells of the CNS.	2.35	2	0
guanidine thiocyanate guanidine thiocyanate: a powerful chaotropic agent	2.03	1	0
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	3.31	1	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
gallocatechol gallocatechol: structure give in first source; RN given for (trans-(+-))-omer; inhibits DNA-dependent DNA & RNA polymerases. (+)-gallocatechin : A gallocatechin that has (2R,3S)-configuration. It is found in green tea and bananas.. gallocatechin : A catechin that is a flavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7 (the trans isomer). It is isolated from Acacia mearnsii.	3.31	1	0	gallocatechin	antioxidant; metabolite; radical scavenger
5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-galactoside 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-galactoside: enzyme substrate for beta-galactosidase. 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactoside : An indolyl carbohydrate that is the beta-D-galactoside of 3-hydroxy-1H-indole in which the indole moiety is substituted at positions 4 and 5 by chlorine and bromine, respectively. It is used to test for the presence of an enzyme, beta-galactosidase, which cleaved the glycosidic bond to give 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-hydroxy-1H-indole, which immediately dimerises to give an intensely blue product.	1.98	1	0	beta-D-galactoside; D-aldohexose derivative; indolyl carbohydrate; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound	chromogenic compound
metaperiodate Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.	3.34	7	0	iodine oxoacid
fast blue b Fast Blue B: reagent for marijuana detection; RN given refers to parent cpd. fast blue salt B : An organic chloride salt composed of 3,3'-dimethoxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-bis(diazonium), zinc and chloride ions in a ratio of 1:1:4. Used for detection of marijuana metabolites in urine.. fast blue B : The aromatic diazonium ion formed from diazotisation of 3,3'-dimethoxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine.	1.97	1	0	aromatic diazonium ion	histological dye
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	3.04	1	0	1,2,3-triazole
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	2.05	1	0	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
picosulfate sodium picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure	3.19	1	0	aryl sulfate; pyridines
1-triacontanol 1-triacontanol: constituent of Apocynum venetum leaf & Cirsium segetum. triacontan-1-ol : An ultra-long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is triacontane in which one of the terminal methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.04	1	0	fatty alcohol 30:0; ultra-long-chain primary fatty alcohol
epicatechin (-)-epicatechin : A catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration.	3.31	1	0	catechin; polyphenol	antioxidant
gallocatechol (-)-epigallocatechin : A flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol having (2R,3R)-configuration.	3.31	1	0	catechin; flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol	antioxidant; food component; plant metabolite
betulin betulin: isolated from various white birch bark (BETULA). betulin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-hydroxymethyl substituents.	2.13	1	0	diol; pentacyclic triterpenoid	analgesic; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; metabolite
pacein PAcein: structure. pacein : A member of the class of benzofurans that is dibenzo[b,d]furan-3,7-dione bearing two methyl substituents at positions 1 and 9 as well as two 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylanilino substituents at positions 2 and 8.. orcein : A variable mixture of several compounds isolated from lichens, the eight most abundant being alpha-aminoorcein, alpha-hydroxyorcein, beta-aminoorcein, gamma-aminoorcein, beta-hydroxyorcein, gamma-hydroxyorcein, beta-aminoorceimine and beta-aminoorceimine (all are phenoxazine-based). It is used for the demonstration of elastic fibres as well as to stain the rough endoplasmic reticulum of hepatitis B infected liver cells.	1.96	1	0
taxodione taxodione: structure	3.31	1	0	diterpenoid
gallocyanine gallocyanine: structure; gallocyanine-chrome alum is used as a nuclear stain to quantitate nucleic acids. gallocyanin : An organic chloride salt composed of 1-carboxy-7-(dimethylamino)-3,4-dihydroxyphenoxazin-5-ium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio. A histological dye used in solution with an iron alum mordant as a hematoxylin substitute in the H&E stain.	1.93	1	0
octadecyl palmitate octadecyl palmitate: found in psoriatic nail, but not in normal nails. stearyl palmitate : A palmitate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of stearyl alcohol.	6.23	11	1	hexadecanoate ester; wax ester	coral metabolite; cosmetic
c.i. direct red 80 Solophenyl red 3BL: structure in first source. Sirius red F3B : An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of Sirius red F3B (acid form) with six equivalents of sodium hydroxide. A polyazo dye used principally in staining methods for collagen and amyloid.	2.37	2	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye
iridium oxide iridium oxide: RN given refers to Ir-O2	2.15	1	0
d-aspartic acid [no description available]	3.8	1	1	aspartic acid; D-alpha-amino acid	mouse metabolite
coenzyme a [no description available]	1.94	1	0	adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate	coenzyme; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
mebeverine gamma-oryzanol: present in rice bran is associated with various physiological functions; RN given refers to gamma-oryzanol	1.97	1	0
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	2.64	3	0	iditol	fungal metabolite
homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.	1.95	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid	fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite
gliquidone gliquidone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	3.44	1	1	isoquinolines
pyriproxyfen pyriproxyfen: an insect growth regulator; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pyriproxyfen : An aromatic ether that consists of propylene glycol having a 2-pyridyl group at the O-1 position and a 4-phenoxyphenyl group at the O-3 position.	2.49	2	0	aromatic ether; pyridines	juvenile hormone mimic
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	7.5	13	2	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether [no description available]	2.01	1	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound
s-(4-bromobenzyl)glutathione S-(4-bromobenzyl)glutathione: inhibits glyoxalase I; cleaved in extracellular medium by gamma-glutamyl transferase	2.05	1	0
meldola blue [no description available]	1.96	1	0
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	3.24	6	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
hydrogen sulfite [no description available]	2.11	1	0	sulfur oxoanion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system	2.11	1	0	oligopeptide
eudragit rs Eudragit RS: copolymer of acrylic & methacrylic acid esters & quaternary ammonium groups; used for microcapsules	2.05	1	0
cyanates Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).	2.06	1	0
bismuth nitrate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
epicatechin gallate epicatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; RN given refers to the (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source; isolated from green tea. (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida.	3.31	1	0	catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
valerates Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.	1.94	1	0	short-chain fatty acid anion; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	plant metabolite
thromboxanes thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.	1.95	1	0
chymosin Chymosin: The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called prorennin and converted in the acid environment of the stomach to the active enzyme. EC 3.4.23.4.	2.41	1	0
caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.	2.25	1	0	fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
valdecoxib [no description available]	4.32	1	1	isoxazoles; sulfonamide	antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
carboxypolymethylene carbomer: high molecular polyanionic substance	2.08	1	0
12-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid 12-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid: emits radioluminescence when excited by radioactive decay of tritium	1.96	1	0
procyanidin b2 procyanidin B2 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (-)-epicatechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' in a beta-configuration. Procyanidin B2 can be found in Cinchona pubescens (Chinchona, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Crataegus monogyna (Common hawthorn, in the flower and blossom), in Uncaria guianensis (Cat's claw, in the root), in Vitis vinifera (Common grape vine, in the leaf), in Litchi chinensis (litchi, in the pericarp), in the apple, in Ecdysanthera utilis and in red wine.	4.22	2	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavan; polyphenol; proanthocyanidin	antioxidant; metabolite
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	2.41	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
methotrexate [no description available]	2.38	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
valyl-leucyl-arginine-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide valyl-leucyl-arginine-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide: synthetic substrate for esteroproteases	1.97	1	0
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	2.41	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
procyanidin b3 procyanidin B3 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (+)-catechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' in alpha-configuration. It can be found in red wine, in barley, in beer, in peach or in Jatropha macrantha, the Huanarpo Macho.	3.31	1	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavan; polyphenol; proanthocyanidin	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; metabolite
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	2.58	2	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.	2.1	1	0	chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
dihydroguaiaretic acid dihydroguaiaretic acid: lignan extracted form Larrea divaricata; inhibitory to beef heart mitochondrial succinoxidase & NADH-oxidase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.99	1	0
metaperiodate metaperiodate: RN given refers to periodic acid, Na salt; structure. periodate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid.	1.96	1	0	iodine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
terics terics: medicated blocks used for control of cattle bloat; RN given is for teric N; nonylphenol ethoxylate is resistant to environmental breakdown so EPA discourages use	2.03	1	0
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	4.57	8	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	3.96	4	0
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	2.59	2	0
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	2.03	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
psyllium Psyllium: Dried, ripe seeds of PLANTAGO PSYLLIUM; PLANTAGO INDICA; and PLANTAGO OVATA. Plantain seeds swell in water and are used as demulcents and bulk laxatives.	3.19	1	0	very long-chain fatty acid
(-)-gallocatechin gallate (-)-gallocatechin gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-gallocatechin. A natural product found in found in green tea.	3.31	1	0	catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.	1.92	1	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human blood serum metabolite
cortisone [no description available]	1.94	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
lithium fluoride lithium fluoride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Li-F; GR200-A is LiF activated by Mg, Cu, and P	1.96	1	0
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	4.18	5	0
4,4'-bis(2-di(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-4-(3-sulphophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine-6-ylamino)stilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid 2,5-bis(5-tert-butylbenzoxazol-2-yl)thiophene: a fluorescent brightener, as well as a photoinitiator of polymerization; structure in first source	1.97	1	0
povidone-iodine Povidone-Iodine: An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.	3.79	2	1
permanganate [no description available]	2.37	2	0	manganese oxoacid
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	3.47	8	0
n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.	2.35	2	0	N-acetylneuraminic acids	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.	2.38	2	0	peptide
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.	1.95	1	0	D-glucosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite
elastin [no description available]	2.35	2	0	oligopeptide
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	2.35	2	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
scopolin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; coumarins; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
inositol 3-phosphate inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer	2.39	2	0
fructans (2->6)-beta-D-fructan : A fructan compound consisting of repeating (2->6)-beta-linked fructofuranose units.	1.96	1	0
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	2.4	2	0	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
ginsenoside rg1 [no description available]	2.05	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	neuroprotective agent; pro-angiogenic agent
notoginsenoside r1 notoginsenoside R1 : A ginsenoside found in Panax notoginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.05	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; neuroprotective agent; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	1.99	1	0
flumethasone pivalate flumethasone pivalate: structure	2.03	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; pivalate ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
ergosterol [no description available]	2.02	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	3.31	1	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	4.32	1	1	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	5.17	9	0	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	3.25	6	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	3.31	1	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	1.94	1	0	D-galactopyranuronic acid
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	4.2	5	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.	3.51	1	1	icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	1.97	1	0	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
afimoxifene afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.	2.1	1	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; estrogen receptor antagonist; metabolite
imidazolidines [no description available]	2.04	1	0	azacycloalkane; imidazolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
gamma-sitosterol clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.	2.05	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols	marine metabolite; plant metabolite
enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.	1.99	1	0	pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion	analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite
potassium permanganate Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed)	2.65	3	0
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	3.8	1	1	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.	1.95	1	0	organic sodium salt	anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.	4.42	22	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
3-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid 3-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid: GABA analog; RN given refers to cis-(+-)-isomer; structure	1.96	1	0
cinnamaldehyde 3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.	2.04	1	0	3-phenylprop-2-enal; cinnamaldehydes	antifungal agent; EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sensitiser; vasodilator agent
geraniol [no description available]	2.02	1	0	3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; monoterpenoid; primary alcohol	allergen; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
glycosides [no description available]	3.98	4	0
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	1.94	1	0	isomethyleugenol
retinaldehyde Retinaldehyde: A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer.. all-trans-retinal : A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	3.31	1	0	retinal; vitamin A	gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
squalene Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate	5.51	13	0	triterpene	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.	1.95	1	0	diphosphate ion
polidocanol Polidocanol: An alkyl polyglycol ether of LAURYL ALCOHOL, chemically defined as an alcohol ethoxylate having an average alkyl chain of 12–14 carbon atoms, and an ethylene oxide chain of 9 ethylene oxide units. It is used as a detergent, and medically as a local anesthetic, and as a sclerosing agent for the treatment of ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICES and VARICOSE VEINS.. polidocanol : A hydroxypolyether that is nonaethylene glycol in which one of the terminal hydroxy functions is substituted by a lauryl (dodecyl) group.	2.73	3	0	hydroxypolyether	hepatotoxic agent; nonionic surfactant; sclerotherapy agent
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	2.13	1	0
methylthiouracil Methylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.	3.04	1	0	pyrimidone
dieldrin Dieldrin: An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB). dieldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin.	1.94	1	0	epoxide; organochlorine compound; organochlorine insecticide	carcinogenic agent; xenobiotic
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	4.37	3	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	3.04	1	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
safranine t safranin O : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-diamino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium as the counterion. It is commonly used for staining Gram negative bacteria.	2.06	1	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; histological dye
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	2.41	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
ferric ferrocyanide ferric ferrocyanide: antidote to thallium poisoning; RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:4] salt; structure	2.17	1	0
brij-58 Cetomacrogol: Non-ionic surfactant of the polyethylene glycol family. It is used as a solubilizer and emulsifying agent in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, often as an ointment base, and also as a research tool.	1.95	1	0
tamoxifen [no description available]	2.69	3	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
nadp [no description available]	2.64	3	0
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	2.35	2	0	alkali metal atom
cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.	1.97	1	0	cobalt salt; inorganic chloride	allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator
quinine [no description available]	1.94	1	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
cystine [no description available]	2.63	3	0
cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982	2.75	3	0
ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.	2.05	1	0
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	2.35	2	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	4.76	7	1	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
chloramine-t chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.	1.97	1	0	organic sodium salt	allergen; antifouling biocide; disinfectant
primuline primuline: a fluorescent terbenzothiazole; do not confuse with a malvidin anthocyanin which sometimes uses a similar name; transported retrogradely through axons to the neuronal soma. primuline : An organic sodium salt having 2'-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methyl[2,6'-bi-1,3-benzothiazole]-7-sulfonate as the counterion.	1.97	1	0	organic sodium salt; organosulfonate salt	fluorochrome; histological dye
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	2.66	3	0
tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate: used for labeling of antibodies with fluorochromes; easily dissolved with DMSO; conjugates with immunoglobulins	1.96	1	0
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	3.04	1	0
sodium borohydride sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; metal tetrahydridoborate
hydroxyethylcellulose hydroxyethylcellulose: component of contact lens wetting solutions; aldiamed is an artificial saliva; RN given refers to parent cpd. hydroxyethylcellulose : A polysaccharide derivative that is cellulose in which hydroxyethyl groups are bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers.	2.08	1	0
sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.	1.95	1	0	sphing-4-enine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quercetin [no description available]	3.31	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	2.66	3	0	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	2.21	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	3.8	1	1	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	3.31	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	1.93	1	0	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	1.95	1	0
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	1.99	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
retinol palmitate retinol palmitate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. retinyl palmitate : A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.. all-trans-retinyl palmitate : An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.	2.01	1	0	all-trans-retinyl ester; retinyl palmitate	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
rosin rosin: Resin from plant. Do not confuse with the specific compound: 3-phenyl-2-propenyl-(E)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, also know as rosin.	3.09	5	0
vitamin d 2 Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.	2.34	2	0	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-ergostane; vitamin D	bone density conservation agent; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; rodenticide
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	1.93	1	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
gamma-linolenic acid gamma-Linolenic Acid: An omega-6 fatty acid produced in the body as the delta 6-desaturase metabolite of linoleic acid. It is converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, a biosynthetic precursor of monoenoic prostaglandins such as PGE1. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). gamma-linolenic acid : A C18, omega-6 acid fatty acid comprising a linolenic acid having cis- double bonds at positions 6, 9 and 12.	3.36	1	1	linolenic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	1.98	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
lutein Lutein: A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.. xanthophyll : A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes.	3.03	1	0	carotenol	food colouring; plant metabolite
baicalein [no description available]	3.31	1	0	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
myricetin [no description available]	3.31	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
rosmarinic acid rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.	3.31	1	0	rosmarinic acid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
menatetrenone menaquinone-4 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 4 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.	3.31	1	0	menaquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; bone density conservation agent; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
etretinate retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.	1.98	1	0	enoate ester; ethyl ester; retinoid	keratolytic drug
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	1.95	1	0	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
codeine [no description available]	2.37	2	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
phenylephrine hydrochloride Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.	2.63	3	0	hydrochloride
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	1.99	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
vitamin k 1 Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.	3.31	1	0	phylloquinones; vitamin K	cofactor; human metabolite; plant metabolite
pyoverdin pyoverdin: a partly cyclic octapeptide linked to a chromophore, derived from 2,3-diamino-6,7-dihydroxyquinoline, which confers color and fluorescence to the molecule; yellow-green pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; pyoverdin Pf from P. fluorescens; structure has been determined	2	1	0
lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.	2.35	2	0	1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	2.36	2	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
methyl linolenate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	fatty acid methyl ester	insect attractant; plant metabolite
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	2.89	4	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
antimony Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.	1.94	1	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.	2	1	0	alkali metal atom
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	3.97	14	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.	2	1	0	alkaline earth metal atom
bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.	3.7	10	0	metal atom; pnictogen
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	1.94	1	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
indium Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.	2.46	2	0	boron group element atom
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	4.1	2	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
methylnaltrexone methylnaltrexone: RN given refers to parent cpd(5alpha)-isomer	4.1	2	0	phenanthrenes
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	5.36	11	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
glyceryl behenate 1-behenoylglycerol : A fatty acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group at position-1 of glycerol with the carboxy group of docosanoic acid.	2.07	1	0	1-monoglyceride; fatty acid ester	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
11-tetradecenyl acetate 11-tetradecenyl acetate: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	2	1	0	carboxylic ester
diphenylhexatriene Diphenylhexatriene: A fluorescent compound that emits light only in specific configurations in certain lipid media. It is used as a tool in the study of membrane lipids.	1.95	1	0	alkatriene	fluorochrome
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	2.38	2	0	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
beryllium Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.	2.66	3	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental beryllium; metal allergen	adjuvant; carcinogenic agent; epitope
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	2.35	2	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	3.11	5	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	3.56	9	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	2.13	1	0	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
ceftriaxone [no description available]	3.31	1	0	1,2,4-triazines; 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
strontium radioisotopes Strontium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. Sr 80-83, 85, and 89-95 are radioactive strontium isotopes.	2.01	1	0
triolein Triolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.. triolein : A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.	4.14	5	0	triglyceride	Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; plant metabolite
c.i. fluorescent brightening agent 28 4,4'-bis({4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino)stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid : An organosulfonic acid comprising stilbene having 4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino groups at the 4 and 4'-positions and sulfo groups at the 2- and 2'-positions.	1.97	1	0
coomassie brilliant blue [no description available]	1.97	1	0
tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.	2.36	2	0	chalcogen; metalloid atom
polonium Polonium: A radioactive element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Po, atomic number 84, and the atomic weight of the isotope with the longest half-life (209Po) is 208.98. It decays by alpha-emission.. polonium atom : A radioactive metallic element discovered in 1898 by Marie Sklodowska Curie and named after her home country, Poland (Latin Polonia).	1.95	1	0	chalcogen; metal atom
radium Radium: A radioactive element of the alkaline earth series of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Radium is the product of the disintegration of URANIUM and is present in pitchblende and all ores containing uranium. It is used clinically as a source of beta and gamma-rays in radiotherapy, particularly BRACHYTHERAPY.	1.92	1	0	alkaline earth metal atom
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	1.94	1	0
clinoptilolite clinoptilolite: clinoptilolite was SY to zeolite (NM); use zeolites (NM) to search through 1993; RN is for cpd with unknown MF	2.06	1	0
(-)-catechin-3-O-gallate (-)-catechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-catechin.	3.31	1	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	metabolite
simethicone Simethicone: A poly(dimethylsiloxane) which is a polymer of 200-350 units of dimethylsiloxane, along with added silica gel. It is used as an antiflatulent, surfactant, and ointment base.	2.65	3	0
biotin-11-dutp biotin-11-dUTP: used in detection of sickle cell anemia	1.97	1	0
i(3)so3-galactosylceramide Sulfoglycosphingolipids: GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.. 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-N-tetracosanoylsphingosine : A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and tetracosanoyl as the N-acyl group.	2.35	2	0	galactosylceramide sulfate; N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine
4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.	2.04	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
butylscopolammonium bromide Butylscopolammonium Bromide: Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.	1.99	1	0
gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)	2.03	1	0	gadolinium coordination entity	MRI contrast agent
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	7.25	6	2	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination: A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.	2.48	2	0
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	3.99	4	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
mart-1 antigen MART-1 Antigen: A melanosome-specific protein that plays a role in the expression, stability, trafficking, and processing of GP100 MELANOMA ANTIGEN, which is critical to the formation of Stage II MELANOSOMES. The protein is used as an antigen marker for MELANOMA cells.	1.99	1	0
ginsenoside rb1 [no description available]	2.05	1	0	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; anti-obesity agent; apoptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
sorbitan monooleate [no description available]	3.19	5	0	fatty acid ester
zeolites [no description available]	3.21	5	0
aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.	2.37	2	0
n,o-dimethacryloylhydroxylamine N,O-dimethacryloylhydroxylamine: was obtained in the form of slabs by bulk radical polymerization	2.07	1	0
4-hydroxy-n-desmethyltamoxifen 4-hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen: metabolite of tamoxifen in human bile	2.1	1	0	stilbenoid
alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.	2.9	2	0
decabromodiphenyl ethane decabromodiphenyl ethane: structure in first source	2.17	1	0
lactulose Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). lactulose : A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.	7.44	6	2
procyanidin b1 procyanidin B1 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin units joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' respectively in a beta-configuration.. Procyanidin B1 can be found in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark or cortex), in Uncaria guianensis (cat's claw, in the root), and in Vitis vinifera (common grape vine, in the leaf) or in peach.	4.22	2	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavan; polyphenol; proanthocyanidin	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; metabolite
nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.	1.94	1	0	nystatins
sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.	3.12	5	0
pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).	1.96	1	0
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	3.82	12	0
ants Ants: Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all the insect groups. All ants are social insects, and most colonies contain three castes, queens, males, and workers. Their habits are often very elaborate and a great many studies have been made of ant behavior. Ants produce a number of secretions that function in offense, defense, and communication. (From Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p676)	2.37	2	0
silver carbonate [no description available]	2.62	3	0
lyoniside lyoniside: see also eleutherosides & syringin for eleutheroside B: 118-34-3; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer	2.04	1	0
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	2.34	2	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
azocarmine g azocarmine G: RN given refers to mono-Na salt. azocarmine G : An organic sodium salt having 7-phenyl-5-(4-sulfonatoanilino)benzo[a]phenazin-7-ium-3-sulfonate as the couterion.	1.96	1	0	organic sodium salt	histological dye
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	2.05	1	0
gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.	1.95	1	0
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	2.37	2	0	peptide hormone
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	4.65	5	0
oligonucleotides [no description available]	3.49	8	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	6.05	28	1	glycoside
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	5.06	14	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	3.03	1	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
vendex Torque: The rotational force about an axis that is equal to the product of a force times the distance from the axis where the force is applied.	2.01	1	0	organotin acaricide
hoe 33342 bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride: benzimidazole fluorescent dye	2	1	0
lucifer yellow lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt	1.96	1	0	organic lithium salt	fluorochrome
ozocerite [no description available]	2.43	2	0
chitosan [no description available]	3.25	5	0
technetium tc 99m sestamibi Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi: A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack.	2.01	1	0
sodium hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.	4.45	5	1	inorganic sodium salt	bleaching agent; disinfectant
sodium bisulfite sodium bisulfite: has been used externally for parasitic skin diseases and as gastrointestinal antiseptic; structure. sodium hydrogensulfite : An inorganic sodium salt having hydrogensulfite as the counterion.	2.17	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; sulfite salt	allergen; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; mutagen; reducing agent
stearates Stearates: Salts and esters of the 18-carbon saturated, monocarboxylic acid--stearic acid.	2.39	2	0
sodium iodate sodium iodate: RN given refers to iodic acid, Na salt	1.97	1	0	organic molecular entity
ro13-9904 Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.	1.98	1	0
ethyl cellulose [no description available]	2.72	3	0	glycoside
egg white Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	2.37	2	0
peptones Peptones: Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed)	2.65	3	0
glycolipids [no description available]	3.21	6	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	1.97	1	0
thymosin Thymosin: Thymosin. A family of heat-stable, polypeptide hormones secreted by the thymus gland. Their biological activities include lymphocytopoiesis, restoration of immunological competence and enhancement of expression of T-cell characteristics and function. They have therapeutic potential in patients having primary or secondary immunodeficiency diseases, cancer or diseases related to aging.	1.96	1	0
3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-(3-bromophenyl)-1h-pyrazole 3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-(3-bromophenyl)-1H-pyrazole: an oligomer modulator	3.31	1	0
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	5.3	7	2
vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).	1.97	1	0
chondroitin Chondroitin: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	1.94	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	3.07	5	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	3.97	4	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	2.52	2	0
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	5.21	12	1	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.03	1	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	2.43	2	0
kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.	2.13	1	0	aluminosilicate mineral; mixture	antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient
clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.	2.8	3	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.4	2	0
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	3.98	14	0
1,2-bis(isothiazol-5-yl)disulfane 1,2-bis(isothiazol-5-yl)disulfane: structure in first source	3.31	1	0
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	2.71	3	0
sorbitan monolaurate sorbitan monolaurate: span type materials are artificial esters of the common fatty acids & hexitol anhydrides derived from sorbitol	1.96	1	0
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	3.33	7	0
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	2.64	3	0
lewis x antigen Lewis X Antigen: A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, Lewis X antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.	3.23	6	0
angiotensin i Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3.	2.05	1	0	angiotensin; peptide zwitterion	human metabolite; neurotransmitter agent
globulol globulol: from the fruits of Eucalyptus globulus Labill; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.	2.34	2	0
feldspar feldspar: structure	2.13	1	0
aldrin Aldrin: A highly poisonous substance that was formerly used as an insecticide. The manufacture and use has been discontinued in the U.S. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). aldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the Diels-Alder reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with norbornadiene. A proinsecticide (by epoxidation of the non-chlorinated double bond to give dieldrin), it was widely used as an insecticide before being banned in the 1970s as a persistent organic pollutant.	1.94	1	0
transforming growth factor alpha Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.	2.38	2	0
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	2.97	4	0
eusol Eusol: consists of a chlorinated lime and boric acid solution containing 0.25% weight/volume of available chlorine (pH 7.5-8.5)	3.75	2	1
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	3.68	10	0
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	3.31	1	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.02	1	0	dacarbazine
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	1.95	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
dimethylglyoxime dimethylglyoxime: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	4.07	3	1
cb 3717 [no description available]	3.31	1	0	N-acyl-L-glutamic acid
hydrazinocurcumin hydrazinocurcumin: structure in first source. hydrazinocurcumin : A pyrazole obtained by cyclocodensation of the two carbonyl groups of curcumin with hydrazine.	3.31	1	0	aromatic ether; olefinic compound; polyphenol; pyrazoles	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
carthamine carthamine: composed of two chalcones; from Carthamus tinctorius; the conjugated bonds cause a red color; derived from precarthamin by a decarboxylase; do not confuse with carthamidin	2.11	1	0	hydroxycinnamic acid
alcian blue Alcian Blue: A copper-containing dye used as a gelling agent for lubricants, for staining of bacteria and for the dyeing of histiocytes and fibroblasts in vivo.	2.4	2	0
cholestyramine resin Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.	3.75	3	0
eye [no description available]	3.74	11	0
maltodextrin maltodextrin : A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds.	2.15	1	0
acetylcellulose acetylcellulose: coating compound. cellulose acetate : A glucan derivative obtained through the esterification of cellulose by acetic anhydride or acetic acid, resulting in the substitution of some of the hydroxy groups of cellulose by acetyl groups. It is used in a variety of applications including base material for photographic film, clothing, membrane filters, coatings, food packaging, and as a frame material for eyeglasses.	4.12	3	1
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	2.35	2	0
dinitrobenzenes Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.	1.97	1	0
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.38	2	0
protocatechuic acid protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.	3.95	3	0	catechols; dihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	2.07	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.	2.49	2	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; plant metabolite
choline [no description available]	2.31	1	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phloroglucinol Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.	2.13	1	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	algal metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	3.51	7	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
taxifolin [no description available]	2.46	2	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroflavonols; pentahydroxyflavanone; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone
malonic acid malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.	2.42	2	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	human metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	2.17	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	7.13	1	0	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
catechin [no description available]	2.75	3	0	hydroxyflavan
7,8-dihydroxyflavone 7,8-dihydroxyflavone : A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8. A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8. A naturally occurring flavonoid produced by several plants, including the weed Tridax procumbens (coalbuttons or tridax daisy) and the tree Godmania aesculifolia, In animal models, it has shown efficacy against several diseases of the nervous system, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's.	2.05	1	0	dihydroxyflavone	antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist
acetovanillone apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.	2.08	1	0	acetophenones; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug; plant metabolite
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	2.03	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
caffeine [no description available]	2.46	2	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.05	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
3,3'-diindolylmethane 3,3'-diindolylmethane: anti-inflammatory from edible cruciferous vegetables; a cytochrome P-450 antagonist	2.11	1	0	indoles	antineoplastic agent; P450 inhibitor
ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.	2.31	1	0	phenanthridines	fluorochrome; intercalator
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	1.98	1	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
mefloquine hydrochloride [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol : An organofluorine compound that consists of quinoline bearing trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 2 and 8 as well as a (2-piperidinyl)hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4.	2.05	1	0	organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinolines; secondary alcohol
phloretin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dihydrochalcones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
pj-34 PJ34 : A member of the class of phenanthridines that is 5,6-dihydrophenanthridine substituted at positions 2 and 6 by (N,N-dimethylglycyl)amino and oxo groups, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 110 nM and 86 nM, respectively) and exhibits anti-cancer, cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties.	2.05	1	0	phenanthridines; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antiatherosclerotic agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	2.05	1	0	isoquinolines
procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.	2.1	1	0	benzamides; hydrazines	antineoplastic agent
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	2.05	1	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
theobromine Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.	2.02	1	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; bronchodilator agent; food component; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	7.05	1	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	2.31	1	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	2.05	1	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phlorhizin [no description available]	2	1	0	aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative	antioxidant; plant metabolite
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	7.13	1	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyocyanine Pyocyanine: Antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.. pyocyanine : An iminium betaine that is 5-methylphenazin-5-ium which is substituted at position 1 by an oxidanidyl group. An antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	2.15	1	0	iminium betaine; phenazines	antibacterial agent; bacterial metabolite; biological pigment; virulence factor
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)	2.17	1	0	benzoate ester; paraben; phenols	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.	2.21	1	0	aldehyde; furans	Maillard reaction product; metabolite
pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.	2.45	2	0	anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone	antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	5.23	15	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
dibenzo(a,l)pyrene dibenzo(a,l)pyrene: structure in first source	2.11	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	human metabolite; mutagen
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	2.11	1	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.5	2	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
flavone flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source. flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.	2.05	1	0	flavones	metabolite; nematicide
syringic acid syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source. syringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid.	2.53	2	0	benzoic acids; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	plant metabolite
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.13	1	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.	3.59	8	0	flavonols; monohydroxyflavone
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.74	3	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
methylnitrosourea Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.	2.21	1	0	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; teratogenic agent
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2.01	1	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	7.13	1	0	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	2.1	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	3	4	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
keracyanin cyanidin 3-rutinoside: an anthocyanin compound. cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside chloride : A member of the class of anthocyanin chlorides that has cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside as the cationic counterpart.	2.8	3	0	anthocyanin chlorides
myrcene myrcene: structure in first source. beta-myrcene : A monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.08	1	0	monoterpene	anabolic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
alkenes [no description available]	2.08	1	0
etoposide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	2	1	0	chromanol; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger; Wnt signalling inhibitor
imiquimod Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.	7.15	1	0	imidazoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; interferon inducer
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	5.78	26	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
baicalin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	9.55	7	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
gallocatechol gallocatechol: structure give in first source; RN given for (trans-(+-))-omer; inhibits DNA-dependent DNA & RNA polymerases. (+)-gallocatechin : A gallocatechin that has (2R,3S)-configuration. It is found in green tea and bananas.. gallocatechin : A catechin that is a flavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7 (the trans isomer). It is isolated from Acacia mearnsii.	2.42	2	0	gallocatechin	antioxidant; metabolite; radical scavenger
bathocuproine bathocuproine: reagent for copper; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0
neocuproine neocuproine: Spectrophotometric determination of copper and ultramicro blood sugar determinations; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. neocuproine : A member of the class of phenanthrolines that is 1,10-phenanthroline bearing two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 9.	2.04	1	0	phenanthrolines	chelator; copper chelator
naphthalimides Naphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS.	2.05	1	0
1,7-phenanthroline [no description available]	2.04	1	0	phenanthroline
5-hydroxyflavone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	flavones
malvidin chloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0
epicatechin (-)-epicatechin : A catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.46	2	0	catechin; polyphenol	antioxidant
gallocatechol (-)-epigallocatechin : A flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol having (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.45	2	0	catechin; flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol	antioxidant; food component; plant metabolite
6-hydroxyflavone 6-hydroxyflavone: antioxidant; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	hydroxyflavonoid
hesperetin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; monomethoxyflavanone; trihydroxyflavanone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol: serotonin metabolite; structure	2.05	1	0	catechols; primary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite
pyrimidine dimers Pyrimidine Dimers: Dimers found in DNA chains damaged by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They consist of two adjacent PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES, usually THYMINE nucleotides, in which the pyrimidine residues are covalently joined by a cyclobutane ring. These dimers block DNA REPLICATION.	2.03	1	0
malvidin 3-galactoside [no description available]	2.01	1	0	anthocyanidin glycoside
altertoxin ii altertoxin II: structure given in first source; isolated from Alternaria species; do not confuse with toxin II from Anemonia sulcata which is abbreviated ATX II	7.17	1	0
procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.	3.46	7	0	proanthocyanidin
epicatechin gallate epicatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; RN given refers to the (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source; isolated from green tea. (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida.	2.74	3	0	catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
daidzin daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic).	2.05	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
proanthocyanidin proanthocyanidin: RN given refers to proanthocyanidin A; Cannabinoid Receptor CB1 antagonist. proanthocyanidin : A flavonoid oligomer obtained by the the condensation of two or more units of hydroxyflavans.	2.45	2	0
tanshinone tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent	2.11	1	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
procyanidin b2 procyanidin B2 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (-)-epicatechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' in a beta-configuration. Procyanidin B2 can be found in Cinchona pubescens (Chinchona, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Crataegus monogyna (Common hawthorn, in the flower and blossom), in Uncaria guianensis (Cat's claw, in the root), in Vitis vinifera (Common grape vine, in the leaf), in Litchi chinensis (litchi, in the pericarp), in the apple, in Ecdysanthera utilis and in red wine.	2.05	1	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavan; polyphenol; proanthocyanidin	antioxidant; metabolite
aromadedrin aromadedrin: inhibits protein kinase C; the dihydro makes it a flavone rather than a flavonol. (+)-dihydrokaempferol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone having hydroxy groupa at the 3-, 4'-, 5- and 7-positions.	2.05	1	0	4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroflavonols; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetrahydroxyflavanone	metabolite
tetrahydrocurcumin tetrahydrocurcumin : A beta-diketone that is curcumin in which both of the double bonds have been reduced to single bonds.	2.17	1	0	beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; polyphenol	metabolite
dihydroethidium dihydroethidium: RN given is for the (+-)-isomer	2.31	1	0
cyanidin cyanidin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyanidin cation : An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium substituted at positions 3, 3', 4', 5 and 7 by hydroxy groups.	6.51	55	0	5-hydroxyanthocyanidin	antioxidant; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	2.11	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	2.63	2	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
curculigoside [no description available]	2.04	1	0
malvidin malvidin: RN given refers to parent cpd; coloring agent from flowers of Malvaviscus conzatti. malvidin : An anthocyanidin cation that is delphinidin carrying methyl substituents at positions 3' and 5'.	9.87	32	0	5-hydroxyanthocyanidin	biological pigment; metabolite
apigeninidin apigeninidin: a sorghum phytoalexin; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
isovitexin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; trihydroxyflavone	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
4'-hydroxyflavanone 4'-hydroxyflavanone: structure in first source. 4'-hydroxyflavanones : Any hydroxyflavanone having a hydroxy substituent located at position 4'.	2.05	1	0	4'-hydroxyflavanones; monohydroxyflavanone
procyanidin C1 procyanidin trimer C1: a flavonoid found in multiple plant sources including grape, apple, and cacao, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. procyanidin C1 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of three (-)-epicatechin units joined by two successive (4beta->8)-linkages.	2.05	1	0	hydroxyflavan; polyphenol; proanthocyanidin	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	2.25	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
erlotinib hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride; terminal acetylenic compound	antineoplastic agent; protein kinase inhibitor
2'-hydroxyflavanone [no description available]	2.05	1	0
(-)-gallocatechin gallate (-)-gallocatechin gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-gallocatechin. A natural product found in found in green tea.	2.05	1	0	catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
5-hydroxymethylfurfural 5-hydroxymethylfurfural: has antisickling activity; HMF is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural : A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo.	2.21	1	0	arenecarbaldehyde; furans; primary alcohol	indicator; Maillard reaction product
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	2.52	2	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
taxifolin (+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.05	1	0	taxifolin	metabolite
tartaric acid tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid.	2.01	1	0	tartaric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
eriodictyol eriodictyol: structure. eriodictyol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.	2.05	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; tetrahydroxyflavanone
pelargonidin pelargonidin: influences flower phenotype. pelargonidin : An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium substituted by a hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4'.	5.5	19	0	5-hydroxyanthocyanidin	plant metabolite
cyanidin 3-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : An anthocyanin cation that is a cyanidin cation linked to a beta-D-glucosyl moiety at position 3.	2.74	3	0	anthocyanin cation; beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	metabolite
buclizine luteolinidin: structure in first source	2.46	2	0	5-hydroxyanthocyanidin
peonidin peonidin: a COX-2 inhibitor with protein kinase inhibitory and phytogenic antineoplastic activities; RN given for chloride salt. peonidin : An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium bearing four hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 4', 5 and 7 as well as a methoxy substituent at position 3'.	3.77	10	0	5-hydroxyanthocyanidin	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; metabolite
petunidin petunidin: RN given for chloride salt. petunidin : An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium bearing five hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 3', 4', 5 and 7 as well as a methoxy substituent at position 5'.	4.48	21	0	5-hydroxyanthocyanidin	plant metabolite
naringin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
isonaringin isonaringin: structure in first source. narirutin : A disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.05	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; rutinoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; metabolite
petunidin-3-glucoside [no description available]	2.01	1	0	anthocyanin cation; aromatic ether; beta-D-glucoside	antioxidant; metabolite
malvidin-3-glucoside malvidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : An anthocyanin cation consisting of malvidin having a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 3-hydroxy position.	2.98	4	0	anthocyanin cation; aromatic ether; beta-D-glucoside	metabolite
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.31	1	0	cyclodextrin
e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid	2.17	1	0	cinnamic acid	plant metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	3.17	5	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	2.17	1	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
lycopene [no description available]	2.13	1	0	acyclic carotene	antioxidant; plant metabolite
trans-4-coumaric acid hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.	2.44	2	0	4-coumaric acid	food component; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
glycosides [no description available]	5.56	12	0
chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.	2.41	1	0	chalcone	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	2.51	2	0	stilbene
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.	2.46	2	0	catechols; polyphenol; resorcinols; stilbenol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
3,6-dihydroxyflavone 3,6-dihydroxyflavone: induces apoptosis in leukemia HL-60 cells; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	2.72	3	0	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	2.52	2	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	3.18	5	0	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
nadp [no description available]	2.07	1	0
6-hydroxyflavanone 6-hydroxyflavanone : A monohydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 6.	2.05	1	0	monohydroxyflavanone	fungal xenobiotic metabolite
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	2.44	2	0
u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.02	1	0	aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent
flavan-3-ol flavan-3-ol: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	hydroxyflavonoid
rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.	2.03	1	0	organic cation; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
catechin gallate catechin gallate: structure in first source. (+)-catechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3S)-hydroxy group of (+)-catechin.	2.05	1	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	metabolite
gallocatechin-3-gallate gallocatechin gallate: structure in first source. (+)-gallocatechin gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3S)-hydroxy group of (+)-gallocatechin.	2.13	1	0	catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol	plant metabolite
quercetin [no description available]	5.68	14	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.47	2	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
biochanin a [no description available]	2.05	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
formononetin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
vitexin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	2.46	2	0	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	3.17	5	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes	2.08	1	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol	antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
quercitrin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antileishmanial agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
luteolin-7-glucoside luteolin-7-glucoside: has both antiasthmatic and antineoplastic activities; has 3C protease inhibitory activity; isolated from Ligustrum lucidum. luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.05	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antioxidant; plant metabolite
apigetrin apigetrin: structure given in first source. apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is apigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.05	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; dihydroxyflavone; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antibacterial agent; metabolite; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
quercetin 3-o-glucopyranoside quercetin 3-O-glucopyranoside: structure in first source. quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells	2.05	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antipruritic drug; bone density conservation agent; geroprotector; histamine antagonist; osteogenesis regulator; plant metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	2.42	2	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
kaempferol [no description available]	7.95	4	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.	2.01	1	0	linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
genistein [no description available]	7.79	3	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
butein [no description available]	2.05	1	0	chalcones; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; radiosensitizing agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
lutein Lutein: A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.. xanthophyll : A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes.	2.52	2	0	carotenol	food colouring; plant metabolite
genistin genistin: glycoside of soy bean isoflavone, gentistein	2.05	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside
baicalein [no description available]	2.46	2	0	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.	2.05	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
fisetin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; 7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; metabolite; plant metabolite
galangin 5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source. galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells.	2.05	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; trihydroxyflavone	antimicrobial agent; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
hyperoside quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.	2.05	1	0	beta-D-galactoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
3-methylquercetin isorhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by a methoxy group.	2.05	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	anticoagulant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; metabolite
morin morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.	2.05	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
myricetin [no description available]	8.46	7	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
norwogonin norwogonin : A trihydroxyflavone with the hydroxy groups at positions C-5, -7 and -8.	2.05	1	0	trihydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
orientin orientin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (D-glucopyranosyl)-isomer. orientin : A C-glycosyl compound that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 8.	2.46	2	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; C-glycosyl compound; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
quercetagetin quercetagetin: structure given in first source; inhibits aldose reductase in rat lens. quercetagetin : A hexahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 6, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.	2.46	2	0	flavonols; hexahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; antiviral agent; plant metabolite
rhamnetin rhamnetin: aglycone of xanthorhamnin; from Rhamnus. rhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin methylated at position 7.	2.05	1	0	monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; metabolite
robinetin robinetin: structure given in first source. robinetin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, 3, 4' and 5'.	2.46	2	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
scutellarein scutellarein: aglycone of scutellarin from Scutellaria baicalensis; carthamidin is 2S isomer of scutellarein; do not confuse with isoscutellarein and/or isocarthamidin which are respective regioisomers, or with the scutelarin protein. scutellarein : Flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7.	2.05	1	0	tetrahydroxyflavone	metabolite
tricetin tricetin : Flavone hydroxylated at positions 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7.	2.05	1	0	pentahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
wogonin wogonin: structure in first source. wogonin : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8.	2.05	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; plant metabolite
daidzein [no description available]	2.05	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
pterostilbene [no description available]	2.04	1	0	diether; methoxybenzenes; stilbenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; neurotransmitter; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
7-hydroxyflavone 7-hydroxyflavone : A hydroxyflavonoid in which the flavone nucleus is substituted at position 7 by a hydroxy group.	2.05	1	0	hydroxyflavonoid
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.31	1	0	4-hydroxynon-2-enal; 4-hydroxynonenal
methyl linoleate [no description available]	2.01	1	0	fatty acid methyl ester	plant metabolite
glycitein glycitein : A methoxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 and hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4'. It has been isolated from the mycelia of the fungus Cordyceps sinensis.	2.05	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavone; methoxyisoflavone	fungal metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
luteolin 4'-o-glucoside luteolin 4'-O-glucoside: from Kummerowia striata. luteolin-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4' via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from Olea europaea.	2.05	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
malvin malvin : An anthocyanin cation that is malvidin carrying two beta-D-glucosyl residues at positions 3 and 5.	7.53	2	0
sappanchalcone sappanchalcone: RN given from Toxline; RN not in Chemline 3/85; structure given in first source. sappanchalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that consists of trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 4' and a methoxy group at position 2'. Isolated from Caesalpinia sappan, it exhibits neuroprotective and cytoprotective activity.	2.05	1	0	catechols; chalcones; monomethoxybenzene	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; metabolite
nasunin nasunin: an anthocyanin isolated as purple colored crystals from eggplant peels;	8.56	2	0
bay 11-7082 (E)-3-tosylacrylonitrile : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the hydrogen located beta,trans to the cyano group is replaced by a tosyl group. It is an inhibitor of cytokine-induced IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells.	2.08	1	0	nitrile; sulfone	apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	2.05	1	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.	2.1	1	0	alkaline earth metal atom
alternariol alternariol: structure. alternariol : A benzochromenone that is 6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, and 9. It is the most important mycotoxin produced by the black mould Alternaria species, which are the most common mycoflora infecting small grain cereals worldwide.	7.15	1	0	benzochromenone; phenols	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin
3,7-dihydroxyflavone 3,7-dihydroxyflavone: structure in first source. 7-hydroxyflavonol : Any flavonol carrying a 7-hydroxy substituent.	2.05	1	0	hydroxyflavan
ternatin (flavonoid) ternatin (flavonoid): from Sceptridium ternatum; also isolated from Egletes viscosa; structure in first source	2.02	1	0	ether; flavonoids
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
delphinidin-3-rutinoside delphinidin-3-rutinoside: anthocyanin from eggplant skin	3.21	1	0	anthocyanidin glycoside
abscisic acid Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.	2.17	1	0	2-trans-abscisic acid
involucrin involucrin: soluble precursor protein of cross-linked envelope characteristic of epidermal s. corneum synthesized by keratinocytes in natural & cultured human epithelia; see also related records for prekeratin & stratum corneum basic protein precursor	2.5	2	0
bromopyruvate [no description available]	7.31	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion
epigallocatechin-3-o-(3''-o-methyl)-gallate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	catechin
sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.	2.15	1	0	oligopeptide
delphinidin 3-sambubioside delphinidin 3-sambubioside: a Hibiscus anthocyanin that induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells through reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial pathway. delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-sambubioside : An anthocyanidin 3-O-beta-D-sambubioside having delphinidin as the anthocyanidin component.	2.11	1	0	anthocyanidin 3-O-beta-D-sambubioside	apoptosis inducer; metabolite
alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.	7.6	1	0
malvidin-3-glucoside oenin: pigment found in red wine	2.05	1	0
procyanidin b1 procyanidin B1 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin units joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' respectively in a beta-configuration.. Procyanidin B1 can be found in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark or cortex), in Uncaria guianensis (cat's claw, in the root), and in Vitis vinifera (common grape vine, in the leaf) or in peach.	2.05	1	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavan; polyphenol; proanthocyanidin	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; metabolite
gentiodelphin gentiodelphin: RN given for (E,E)-isomer; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	anthocyanidin glycoside
peonidin 3-glucoside peonidin 3-glucoside: the methylated form of cyanidin 3-glucoside	2.08	1	0
cyanidin-3-o-beta-glucopyranoside cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside: a natural compound distributed in several fruits & vegetables, such as strawberry, rhubarb, cherry, red cabbage, red onion, cranberries, etc.	3.22	5	0
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	3.11	5	0
glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.	2.13	1	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	2.15	1	0	glycoside
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	2.03	1	0
isoquercitrin [no description available]	2.13	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	7.78	3	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	7.53	2	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.21	1	0
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	2.73	3	0
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	2.03	1	0	guanosines	biomarker
metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.	2.05	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	5.01	15	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	5.01	15	0
Protein Aggregation, Pathological A biochemical phenomenon in which misfolded proteins aggregate either intra- or extracellularly. Triggered by factors such as MUTATION; POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, and environmental stress, it is generally associated with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PARKINSON DISEASE; HUNTINGTON DISEASE; and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.	3.12	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	7.36	41	1
Breast Diseases Pathological processes of the BREAST.	5.8	36	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	11.09	119	2
Foreign-Body Granuloma [description not available]	7.17	48	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	11.09	119	2
Margins of Excision The edges of tissue removed in a surgery for assessment of the effectiveness of a surgical procedure in achieving the local control of a neoplasm and the adequacy of tumor removal. When the margin is negative or not involved by tumor (e.g., CANCER) it suggests all of the tumor has been removed by the surgery.	2.41	1	0
Cervical Dystonia A common form of DYSTONIA due to involuntary sustained or spasmodic, repetitive muscle contractions in the neck region. According to the position of the twisted neck and head, cervical dystonia can be categorized as torticollis, laterocollis, retrocollis, and a combination of these abnormal postures.	2.31	1	0
Torticollis A symptom, not a disease, of a twisted neck. In most instances, the head is tipped toward one side and the chin rotated toward the other. The involuntary muscle contractions in the neck region of patients with torticollis can be due to congenital defects, trauma, inflammation, tumors, and neurological or other factors.	2.31	1	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck [description not available]	3.22	3	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	6.22	34	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	3.91	12	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	3.26	6	0
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.	3.22	3	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	6.22	34	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	3.91	12	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	3.26	6	0
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	6.41	16	1
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	4.79	32	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	7.65	41	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	4.79	32	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	7.65	41	0
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	4.52	9	0
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	4.19	6	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	5.24	12	0
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	4.52	9	0
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	4.19	6	0
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	5.24	12	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	3.67	8	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	7.34	41	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	3.67	8	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	7.34	41	0
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).	2.41	1	0
Adrenocortical Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm of the ADRENAL CORTEX. Adrenocortical carcinomas are unencapsulated anaplastic (ANAPLASIA) masses sometimes exceeding 20 cm or 200 g. They are more likely to be functional than nonfunctional, and produce ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES that may result in hypercortisolism (CUSHING SYNDROME); HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and/or VIRILISM.	4.65	2	0
Adrenal Cortex Cancer [description not available]	4.65	2	0
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX.	4.65	2	0
Pediculosis [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Blepharitis Inflammation of the eyelids.	2.41	1	0
Lice Infestations Parasitic attack or subsistence on the skin by members of the order Phthiraptera, especially on humans by Pediculus humanus of the family Pediculidae. The hair of the head, eyelashes, and pubis is a frequent site of infestation. (From Dorland, 28th ed; Stedman, 26th ed)	2.41	1	0
Granulomas [description not available]	7.41	66	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	4.98	15	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	7.41	66	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	4.98	15	0
Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.	2.41	1	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	3.41	7	0
Hydatid Mole [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	4.68	11	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	3.41	7	0
Hydatidiform Mole Trophoblastic hyperplasia associated with normal gestation, or molar pregnancy. It is characterized by the swelling of the CHORIONIC VILLI and elevated human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. Hydatidiform moles or molar pregnancy may be categorized as complete or partial based on their gross morphology, histopathology, and karyotype.	2.41	1	0
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	4.68	11	0
Delayed Graft Function General dysfunction of an organ occurring immediately following its transplantation. The term most frequently refers to renal dysfunction following KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	2.41	1	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	7.83	81	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	7.83	81	0
Ache [description not available]	7.42	10	5
Hallux Rigidus A condition caused by degenerative arthritis (see OSTEOARTHRITIS) of the METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT of the great toe and characterized by pain and limited dorsiflexion, but relatively unrestricted plantar flexion.	3.8	1	1
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	7.42	10	5
Cancer, Embryonal [description not available]	3.37	2	0
Cancer of Testis [description not available]	5.07	10	0
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS.	3.37	2	0
Testicular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.	5.07	10	0
Low Back Ache [description not available]	3.8	1	1
Low Back Pain Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.	3.8	1	1
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	8.9	9	8
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	8.9	9	8
Mucositis, Oral [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Stomatitis INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.	2.67	3	0
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	4.82	7	1
Dermatitis, Occupational A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.	3.47	8	0
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	4.82	7	1
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	4.56	24	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	4.66	27	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	4.56	24	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	4.66	27	0
Dry Eye [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Dry Eye Syndromes Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.	2.41	1	0
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	2.82	3	0
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	2.68	3	0
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	2.82	3	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	2.41	1	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	5.25	12	1
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	10.46	15	1
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	5.25	12	1
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	3.25	6	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Circoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the CIRCOVIRIDAE.	2.41	1	0
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	2.44	2	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	2.41	1	0
Carcinoma, Basal Cell, Pigmented [description not available]	3.91	4	0
Carcinoma, Basal Cell A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)	3.91	4	0
Arenaviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ARENAVIRIDAE.	2.41	1	0
Infectious Diseases [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Communicable Diseases An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.	2.41	1	0
Atheroma [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Carotid Artery Narrowing [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Carotid Stenosis Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)	2.41	1	0
48,XXYY Syndrome [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Klinefelter Syndrome A form of male HYPOGONADISM, characterized by the presence of an extra X CHROMOSOME, small TESTES, seminiferous tubule dysgenesis, elevated levels of GONADOTROPINS, low serum TESTOSTERONE, underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics, and male infertility (INFERTILITY, MALE). Patients tend to have long legs and a slim, tall stature. GYNECOMASTIA is present in many of the patients. The classic form has the karyotype 47,XXY. Several karyotype variants include 48,XXYY; 48,XXXY; 49,XXXXY, and mosaic patterns ( 46,XY/47,XXY; 47,XXY/48,XXXY, etc.).	2.41	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	5.92	40	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	5.73	20	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	4.25	17	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	5.92	40	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	5.73	20	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	4.25	17	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	2.82	3	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	2.82	3	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	2.66	2	0
Keratocysts [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Dental Tissue Neoplasms [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	6.15	32	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	3.5	7	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	6.15	32	0
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.	3.36	7	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	6.58	49	1
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	6.58	49	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	8.82	63	2
Cerebral Cortical Dysplasia [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Aura [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Abnormal Proliferation Cortical Malformations [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	2.45	2	0
Mumps An acute infectious disease caused by RUBULAVIRUS, spread by direct contact, airborne droplet nuclei, fomites contaminated by infectious saliva, and perhaps urine, and usually seen in children under the age of 15, although adults may also be affected. (From Dorland, 28th ed)	2.41	1	0
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	3.99	5	0
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	3.99	5	0
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	2.41	1	0
Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.	2.81	3	0
Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.	2.81	3	0
Blood Clot [description not available]	3.06	5	0
Thromboembolism Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.	2.41	1	0
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	3.06	5	0
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Toxic asphyxiation due to the displacement of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin by carbon monoxide.	3.78	2	1
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	2.78	3	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	3.01	2	0
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	2.69	2	0
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	3.01	2	0
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	2.69	2	0
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	2.46	2	0
Sicca Syndrome [description not available]	2.8	3	0
Sjogren's Syndrome Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.	2.8	3	0
Pneumonia, Lipid Pneumonia due to aspiration or inhalation of various oily or fatty substances.	6.39	40	0
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	10.55	25	8
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	2.6	1	0
Adult Fanconi Syndrome [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.	2.6	1	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	4.76	12	0
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	2.6	1	0
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	3.82	4	0
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	3.82	4	0
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	2.9	4	0
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	2.9	4	0
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	2.6	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Endometrioid [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Cancer of Endometrium [description not available]	2.99	4	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	5.21	11	1
Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.	2.99	4	0
Carcinoma, Endometrioid An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of cells resembling the glandular cells of the ENDOMETRIUM. It is a common histological type of ovarian CARCINOMA and ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA. There is a high frequency of co-occurrence of this form of adenocarcinoma in both tissues.	2.6	1	0
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available]	4.17	3	1
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery.	4.17	3	1
Chloasma [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Melanosis Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease.	2.6	1	0
Sterility, Male [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.	2.6	1	0
Aspergillus Infection [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Mucorales Infection [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Aspergillosis Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.	2.46	2	0
Mucormycosis Infection in humans and animals caused by any fungus in the order MUCORALES (e.g., RHIZOPUS; MUCOR; CUNNINGHAMELLA; APOPHYSOMYCES; ABSIDIA; SAKSENAEA and RHIZOMUCOR) There are many clinical types associated with infection including central nervous system, lung, gastrointestinal tract, skin, orbit and paranasal sinuses. In humans, it usually occurs as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION.	2.6	1	0
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.86	3	0
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	2.86	3	0
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating A slowly progressive autoimmune demyelinating disease of peripheral nerves and nerve roots. Clinical manifestations include weakness and sensory loss in the extremities and enlargement of peripheral nerves. The course may be relapsing-remitting or demonstrate a step-wise progression. Protein is usually elevated in the spinal fluid and cranial nerves are typically spared. GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME features a relatively rapid progression of disease which distinguishes it from this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1337)	2.6	1	0
Celiac Sprue [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Celiac Disease A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.	2.6	1	0
Nasal Polyps Focal accumulations of EDEMA fluid in the NASAL MUCOSA accompanied by HYPERPLASIA of the associated submucosal connective tissue. Polyps may be NEOPLASMS, foci of INFLAMMATION, degenerative lesions, or malformations.	3.38	2	0
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	3.74	2	0
Break-Bone Fever [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Dengue An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.	2.58	2	0
Cancer of Oropharnyx [description not available]	2.85	3	0
Asialia [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OROPHARYNX.	2.85	3	0
Xerostomia Decreased salivary flow.	2.69	3	0
Multiple System Atrophy Syndrome [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Cortical Lewy Body Disease [description not available]	2.6	1	0
a-Synucleinopathies [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Multiple System Atrophy A syndrome complex composed of three conditions which represent clinical variants of the same disease process: STRIATONIGRAL DEGENERATION; SHY-DRAGER SYNDROME; and the sporadic form of OLIVOPONTOCEREBELLAR ATROPHIES. Clinical features include autonomic, cerebellar, and basal ganglia dysfunction. Pathologic examination reveals atrophy of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, pons, and medulla, with prominent loss of autonomic neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1076; Baillieres Clin Neurol 1997 Apr;6(1):187-204; Med Clin North Am 1999 Mar;83(2):381-92)	2.6	1	0
Lewy Body Disease A neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia, mild parkinsonism, and fluctuations in attention and alertness. The neuropsychiatric manifestations tend to precede the onset of bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY, and other extrapyramidal signs. DELUSIONS and visual HALLUCINATIONS are relatively frequent in this condition. Histologic examination reveals LEWY BODIES in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and BRAIN STEM. SENILE PLAQUES and other pathologic features characteristic of ALZHEIMER DISEASE may also be present. (From Neurology 1997;48:376-380; Neurology 1996;47:1113-1124)	2.6	1	0
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	3.51	8	0
Lung Adenocarcinoma [description not available]	2.66	2	0
Adenocarcinoma of Lung A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.	2.66	2	0
Chronic Plantar Fasciitis [description not available]	3.99	1	1
Fasciitis, Plantar Inflammation of the plantar fascia (APONEUROSIS) on the bottom of the foot causing heel pain. The etiology of plantar fasciitis remains controversial but is likely to involve a biomechanical imbalance. Though often presenting along with HEEL SPUR, they do not appear to be causally related.	3.99	1	1
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	2.9	4	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	3.53	8	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	3.11	4	0
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	2.9	4	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	3.53	8	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	3.11	4	0
Contracture Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint.	5.7	4	1
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	6.11	7	4
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	6.11	7	4
Dermatitis, Eczematous [description not available]	5.24	6	2
Eczema A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).	5.24	6	2
Chronic Illness [description not available]	6.82	15	1
Epidermolysis Bullosa Junctionalis, Disentis Type [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	6.82	15	1
Skin Ulcer An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.	4.41	8	0
Epidermolysis Bullosa, Junctional Form of epidermolysis bullosa having onset at birth or during the neonatal period and transmitted through autosomal recessive inheritance. It is characterized by generalized blister formation, extensive denudation, and separation and cleavage of the basal cell plasma membranes from the basement membrane.	2.31	1	0
Amyloidosis A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.	3.08	5	0
Colonic Inertia Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.	6.58	8	1
Constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.	6.58	8	1
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	4.98	15	0
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	4.98	15	0
Orbital Diseases Diseases of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.	3.1	5	0
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	2.97	4	0
Acariasis [description not available]	4.11	3	1
Breathlessness [description not available]	3.15	5	0
Milk-Alkali Syndrome [description not available]	4.4	7	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	3.91	13	0
Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing.	3.15	5	0
Hypercalcemia Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.	4.4	7	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	3.91	13	0
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	2.89	4	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	2.89	4	0
De Quervain Disease Stenosing tenosynovitis of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons in the first dorsal wrist compartment. The presenting symptoms are usually pain and tenderness at the radial styloid. The cause is almost always related to OVERUSE INJURY or is associated with RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.	3.7	1	1
Tenosynovitis Inflammation of the synovial lining of a tendon sheath. Causes include trauma, tendon stress, bacterial disease (gonorrhea, tuberculosis), rheumatic disease, and gout. Common sites are the hand, wrist, shoulder capsule, hip capsule, hamstring muscles, and Achilles tendon. The tendon sheaths become inflamed and painful, and accumulate fluid. Joint mobility is usually reduced.	3.7	1	1
Azoospermia A condition of having no sperm present in the ejaculate (SEMEN).	2.38	2	0
Disease Resistance The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.	2.31	1	0
Meniscitis [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Facial Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the FACE.	2.15	1	0
Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. Many of the sites of these lymphomas, such as the stomach, salivary gland, and thyroid, are normally devoid of lymphoid tissue. They acquire mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type as a result of an immunologically mediated disorder.	2.45	2	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	4.35	20	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	4	14	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	4.35	20	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	4	14	0
Amyotrophy, Thenar, Of Carpal Origin [description not available]	6.48	3	3
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Entrapment of the MEDIAN NERVE in the carpal tunnel, which is formed by the flexor retinaculum and the CARPAL BONES. This syndrome may be associated with repetitive occupational trauma (CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS); wrist injuries; AMYLOID NEUROPATHIES; rheumatoid arthritis (see ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID); ACROMEGALY; PREGNANCY; and other conditions. Symptoms include burning pain and paresthesias involving the ventral surface of the hand and fingers which may radiate proximally. Impairment of sensation in the distribution of the median nerve and thenar muscle atrophy may occur. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p45)	6.48	3	3
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	4.17	17	0
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	4.74	7	1
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	4.74	7	1
Extravasation of Contrast Media [description not available]	2.78	3	0
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	4.82	34	0
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	4.82	34	0
Leukemia, Lymphoblastic, Acute, T Cell [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and young adults and characterized LYMPHADENOPATHY and THYMUS GLAND involvement. It most frequently presents as a lymphoma, but a leukemic progression in the bone marrow is common.	2.17	1	0
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome [description not available]	3.3	2	0
Demyelinating Diseases Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.	3.3	2	0
Acute Symptom Flare [description not available]	4.51	2	2
Itching [description not available]	3.92	2	1
Long Sleeper Syndrome [description not available]	3.56	1	1
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	3.92	2	1
Sleep Wake Disorders Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.	3.56	1	1
Anasarca [description not available]	5.67	7	1
Finger Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving the fingers.	6.77	5	1
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	5.67	7	1
Hematoma, Subdural Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE between the DURA MATER and the arachnoidal layer of the MENINGES. This condition primarily occurs over the surface of a CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE, but may develop in the spinal canal (HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL, SPINAL). Subdural hematoma can be classified as the acute or the chronic form, with immediate or delayed symptom onset, respectively. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status.	2.21	1	0
Impotence [description not available]	2.53	2	0
Penile Diseases Pathological processes involving the PENIS or its component tissues.	5.36	22	0
Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.	2.53	2	0
Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.	5.33	22	0
Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available]	5.95	5	2
Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.	5.95	5	2
Cervix Dysplasia [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix A cytological test finding often from PAP SMEARS that shows abnormal lesions of SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS of the CERVIX. It is a diagnostic criterion used in the Bethesda System for UTERINE CERVICAL NEOPLASMS and represents the PAP TEST result that is abnormal. Although squamous intraepithelial lesions test result does not mean UTERINE CERVICAL NEOPLASMS it requires follow-ups (e.g., HPV DNA TESTS; and COLPOSCOPY).	2.17	1	0
Uterine Cervical Dysplasia Abnormal development of immature squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS of the UTERINE CERVIX, a term used to describe premalignant cytological changes in the cervical EPITHELIUM. These atypical cells do not penetrate the epithelial BASEMENT MEMBRANE.	2.42	2	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	3.59	9	0
Endomyometritis Inflammation of both the ENDOMETRIUM and the MYOMETRIUM, usually caused by infections after a CESAREAN SECTION.	2.21	1	0
Endometritis Inflammation of the ENDOMETRIUM, usually caused by intrauterine infections. Endometritis is the most common cause of postpartum fever.	2.21	1	0
Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.	2.91	4	0
Facial Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the FACE.	4.09	5	0
Groenblad-Strandberg Syndrome [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum An inherited disorder of connective tissue with extensive degeneration and calcification of ELASTIC TISSUE primarily in the skin, eye, and vasculature. At least two forms exist, autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant. This disorder is caused by mutations of one of the ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS. Patients are predisposed to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION and GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE.	2.08	1	0
Mole, Skin [description not available]	3.11	5	0
Entamoeba histolytica Infection [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Xeroderma [description not available]	4.67	3	2
Ichthyosis Any of several generalized skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness, due to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum epidermis. Most are genetic, but some are acquired, developing in association with other systemic disease or genetic syndrome.	4.67	3	2
Flavobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family FLAVOBACTERIACEAE.	2.1	1	0
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).	2.1	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	6.43	16	1
Urinary Retention Inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER with voiding (URINATION).	2.08	1	0
Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.	3.25	6	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	5.31	4	1
Caries, Dental [description not available]	4.72	2	1
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	4.72	2	1
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	5.31	4	1
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	4.35	19	0
Adhesions, Tissue [description not available]	3.05	5	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	8.22	26	2
Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available]	4.18	3	1
Dehiscence, Surgical Wound [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Hematoma A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.	2.89	4	0
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	8.22	26	2
Fowl Paralysis [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Avian Reticuloendotheliosis [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA).	2.1	1	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Exanthem [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.	2.1	1	0
Acneiform Eruptions Visible efflorescent lesions of the skin caused by acne or resembling acne. (Dorland, 28th ed, p18, 575)	2.1	1	0
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	3.85	12	0
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	3.85	12	0
Hairy Cell Leukemia [description not available]	3.07	5	0
B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	3.25	6	0
Leukemia, Hairy Cell A neoplastic disease of the lymphoreticular cells which is considered to be a rare type of chronic leukemia; it is characterized by an insidious onset, splenomegaly, anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, little or no lymphadenopathy, and the presence of hairy or flagellated cells in the blood and bone marrow.	3.07	5	0
Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.	3.25	6	0
HPV Infection [description not available]	3.17	5	0
Papillomavirus Infections Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.	3.17	5	0
Nephrocalcinosis A condition characterized by calcification of the renal tissue itself. It is usually seen in distal RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS with calcium deposition in the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES and the surrounding interstitium. Nephrocalcinosis causes RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	2.1	1	0
Aspiration, Respiratory [description not available]	2.77	3	0
Acid Aspiration Syndrome [description not available]	5.38	23	0
Pneumonia, Aspiration A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.	5.38	23	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	4.29	7	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	6.75	22	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	4.29	7	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	6.75	22	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	5.21	19	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	5.21	19	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	3.55	9	0
Foreign-Body Migration Migration of a foreign body from its original location to some other location in the body.	3.6	9	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	3.55	9	0
Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.	5.08	3	1
Protein Folding Diseases [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	2.67	3	0
African Lymphoma [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.	2.71	3	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	4.3	4	1
Nasal Bleeding [description not available]	4.86	4	2
Epistaxis Bleeding from the nose.	4.86	4	2
Sclerosis A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.	3.49	8	0
Eyelid Diseases Diseases involving the EYELIDS.	3.37	7	0
Coccidioides immitis Infection [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Coccidioidomycosis Infection with a fungus of the genus COCCIDIOIDES, endemic to the SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES. It is sometimes called valley fever but should not be confused with RIFT VALLEY FEVER. Infection is caused by inhalation of airborne, fungal particles known as arthroconidia, a form of FUNGAL SPORES. A primary form is an acute, benign, self-limited respiratory infection. A secondary form is a virulent, severe, chronic, progressive granulomatous disease with systemic involvement. It can be detected by use of COCCIDIOIDIN.	2.11	1	0
Cystic Echinococcosis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Metastase [description not available]	5.46	15	1
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	5.46	15	1
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	3.36	7	0
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	3.36	7	0
Berger Disease [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Extramembranous Glomerulopathy [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Glomerulonephritis, IGA A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.	2.11	1	0
Glomerulonephritis, Membranous A type of glomerulonephritis that is characterized by the accumulation of immune deposits (COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX) on the outer aspect of the GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE. It progresses from subepithelial dense deposits, to basement membrane reaction and eventual thickening of the basement membrane.	2.11	1	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	3.94	2	1
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	8.94	2	1
Anisakiasis Infection with roundworms of the genus ANISAKIS. Human infection results from the consumption of fish harboring roundworm larvae. The worms may cause acute NAUSEA; VOMITING; or penetrate into the wall of the DIGESTIVE TRACT where they give rise to EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA in the STOMACH; INTESTINES; or the OMENTUM.	2.13	1	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	5.04	3	1
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	3.06	5	0
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	3.06	5	0
Hematoma, Subdural, Acute Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE with acute onset of neurological symptoms. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status.	2.49	2	0
Colonic Diseases Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	3.82	2	0
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	3.06	1	0
Ileal Diseases Pathological development in the ILEUM including the ILEOCECAL VALVE.	3.06	1	0
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	3.06	1	0
Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.	3.79	4	0
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	5.61	18	0
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available]	3.23	6	0
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	3.25	6	0
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	3.25	6	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	3.35	2	0
ATLL [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.	2.49	2	0
Prosthesis Durability [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Merkel Cell Cancer [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Carcinoma, Merkel Cell A carcinoma arising from MERKEL CELLS located in the basal layer of the epidermis and occurring most commonly as a primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. Merkel cells are tactile cells of neuroectodermal origin and histologically show neurosecretory granules. The skin of the head and neck are a common site of Merkel cell carcinoma, occurring generally in elderly patients. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1245)	2.13	1	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	3.53	1	1
Clasp-Knife Spasticity [description not available]	3.53	1	1
Muscle Spasticity A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a free interval) followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54)	3.53	1	1
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	3.53	1	1
Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body.	3.07	5	0
Diabetic Feet [description not available]	5.04	3	3
Dermatoses [description not available]	7.77	23	2
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	7.77	23	2
Diabetic Foot Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.	5.04	3	3
Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum [description not available]	3.77	2	1
Keratosis Any horny growth such as a wart or callus.	3.77	2	1
Rift Valley Fever An acute infection caused by the RIFT VALLEY FEVER VIRUS, an RNA arthropod-borne virus, affecting domestic animals and humans. In animals, symptoms include HEPATITIS; abortion (ABORTION, VETERINARY); and DEATH. In humans, symptoms range from those of a flu-like disease to hemorrhagic fever, ENCEPHALITIS, or BLINDNESS.	2.15	1	0
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	3.36	7	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	3.36	7	0
Lung Diseases, Interstitial A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.	2.04	1	0
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	2.74	3	0
Neoplasms, Pleural [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Mesothelioma A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)	4.27	7	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Pachymeningitis [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	2.87	4	0
Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)	2.34	2	0
Adenovirus Infections [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Adenoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ADENOVIRIDAE.	2.4	2	0
Foreign-Body Reaction Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.	5.88	17	0
Stasis Ulcer [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Varicose Ulcer Skin breakdown or ulceration in the drainage area of a VARICOSE VEIN, usually in the leg.	3.43	1	1
Hansen Disease [description not available]	3.2	6	0
Leprosy A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.	3.2	6	0
Hand Injuries General or unspecified injuries to the hand.	2.68	3	0
Maggot Infestations [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	4.11	16	0
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	4.11	16	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	2.66	3	0
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.	3.71	10	0
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	5.68	19	1
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	3.8	4	0
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	3.8	4	0
Adolescent Gynecomastia [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Gynecomastia Enlargement of the BREAST in the males, caused by an excess of ESTROGENS. Physiological gynecomastia is normally observed in NEWBORNS; ADOLESCENT; and AGING males.	2.05	1	0
Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.	1.92	1	0
Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.	1.92	1	0
Koch's Disease [description not available]	4.53	26	0
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	4.53	26	0
Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.	2.69	3	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	4.06	3	1
Leishmaniasis, American [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes.	2.43	2	0
Suffocation [description not available]	2.98	1	0
Drowning Death that occurs as a result of anoxia or heart arrest, associated with immersion in liquid.	2.98	1	0
Asphyxia A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of life.	2.98	1	0
Paranasal Sinus Diseases Diseases affecting or involving the PARANASAL SINUSES and generally manifesting as inflammation, abscesses, cysts, or tumors.	2.72	3	0
Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.	2.84	4	0
Neuroendocrine Tumors Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.	2.06	1	0
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.	3.45	1	1
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	2.67	3	0
Rupture Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.	3.61	3	0
Protozoan Infections, Animal Infections with unicellular organisms formerly members of the subkingdom Protozoa. The infections may be experimental or veterinary.	2.4	2	0
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	4.31	4	1
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	2.68	3	0
Nasal Diseases [description not available]	3.09	5	0
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia [description not available]	4.61	6	1
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.	4.61	6	1
Precordial Catch [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Chest Pain Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.	2.44	2	0
Cyst [description not available]	3.21	6	0
Sinus Infections [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	2.38	2	0
Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.	3.45	8	0
Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever	2.06	1	0
Infection [description not available]	4.11	3	1
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	4.11	3	1
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available]	4.48	5	1
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	2.66	3	0
Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.	4.48	5	1
Cutaneous Fistula An abnormal passage or communication leading from an internal organ to the surface of the body.	2.71	3	0
Pleural Diseases Diseases involving the PLEURA.	3.23	6	0
Bronchial Fistula An abnormal passage or communication between a bronchus and another part of the body.	3.08	5	0
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	2.07	1	0
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	2.07	1	0
Histoplasma capsulatum Infection [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Histoplasmosis Infection resulting from exposure to the fungus HISTOPLASMA. It is worldwide in distribution and particularly common in the central and eastern states, especially areas around the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys.	2.07	1	0
Dermatophytoses [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Tinea Fungal infection of keratinized tissues such as hair, skin and nails. The main causative fungi include MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON.	2.07	1	0
Musculoskeletal Pain Discomfort stemming from muscles, LIGAMENTS, tendons, and bones.	7.51	4	4
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	5.39	14	1
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	3.81	4	0
Leiomyosarcoma A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)	3.81	4	0
Epithelial Neoplasms [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Embolus [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Embolism Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.	2.38	2	0
Dermatitis, Irritant A non-allergic contact dermatitis caused by prolonged exposure to irritants and not explained by delayed hypersensitivity mechanisms.	4.08	3	1
Hand Dermatosis [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Hand Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the HANDS.	2.66	3	0
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available]	4.57	26	0
Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.	4.57	26	0
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.	2.67	3	0
Arthropathies [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS.	2.36	2	0
Fibromatosis [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Fibroma A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue.	2.01	1	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	3.05	5	0
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	3.05	5	0
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	2.65	3	0
Nails, Ingrown Excessive lateral nail growth into the nail fold. Because the lateral margin of the nail acts as a foreign body, inflammation and granulation may result. It is caused by improperly fitting shoes and by improper trimming of the nail.	3.33	2	0
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Cor Pulmonale [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	2.01	1	0
Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.	2.64	3	0
Atypical Lipomatous Tumor [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Liposarcoma A malignant tumor derived from primitive or embryonal lipoblastic cells. It may be composed of well-differentiated fat cells or may be dedifferentiated: myxoid (LIPOSARCOMA, MYXOID), round-celled, or pleomorphic, usually in association with a rich network of capillaries. Recurrences are common and dedifferentiated liposarcomas metastasize to the lungs or serosal surfaces. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	2.39	2	0
Soft Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.	3.48	8	0
MODS [description not available]	2.91	4	0
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	2.01	1	0
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	2.91	4	0
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.4	2	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	4.16	17	0
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	4.16	17	0
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	2.01	1	0
Ureteral Calculi Stones in the URETER that are formed in the KIDNEY. They are rarely more than 5 mm in diameter for larger renal stones cannot enter ureters. They are often lodged at the ureteral narrowing and can cause excruciating renal colic.	2.37	2	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	3.06	5	0
Constriction, Pathological [description not available]	2.84	4	0
Esophageal Stricture [description not available]	2.84	4	0
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.	2.84	4	0
Esophageal Stenosis A stricture of the ESOPHAGUS. Most are acquired but can be congenital.	2.84	4	0
Rheumatism [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Rheumatic Diseases Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.	2.63	3	0
Hepatitis, Infectious [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.	2.63	3	0
Hepatitis A INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.	1.93	1	0
Facial Palsy [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Palsy [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)	2.33	2	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	5.43	25	0
Acne [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Sebaceous Gland Diseases Diseases of the sebaceous glands such as sebaceous hyperplasia and sebaceous cell carcinoma (SEBACEOUS GLAND NEOPLASMS).	1.93	1	0
Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.	2.34	2	0
Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	2.33	2	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	2.64	3	0
Diverticula [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Mediastinal Diseases Disorders of the mediastinum, general or unspecified.	2.63	3	0
Pleuropericarditis Inflammation of both the PERICARDIUM and the PLEURA.	1.93	1	0
Pericarditis Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS.	1.93	1	0
Acquired Vocal Cord Palsy [description not available]	3.56	3	0
Vocal Cord Paralysis Congenital or acquired paralysis of one or both VOCAL CORDS. This condition is caused by defects in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, the VAGUS NERVE and branches of LARYNGEAL NERVES. Common symptoms are VOICE DISORDERS including HOARSENESS or APHONIA.	3.56	3	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	6.95	52	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	6.95	52	0
Polyarthritis [description not available]	3.33	7	0
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	3.33	7	0
Urination Disorders Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.	2.34	2	0
Urinary Tract Diseases [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Brain Emboli [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Brain Embolism and Thrombosis [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Bladder Calculi [description not available]	2.85	4	0
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	2.63	3	0
Alopecia Cicatrisata [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Alopecia Circumscripta [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.	2.35	2	0
Alopecia Areata Loss of scalp and body hair involving microscopically inflammatory patchy areas.	1.93	1	0
Hydrophobia [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Infection, Toxoplasma gondii [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Toxoplasmosis The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.	2.64	3	0
Bed Sores [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Pressure Ulcer An ulceration caused by prolonged pressure on the SKIN and TISSUES when one stays in one position for a long period of time, such as lying in bed. The bony areas of the body are the most frequently affected sites which become ischemic (ISCHEMIA) under sustained and constant pressure.	2.35	2	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	3.66	10	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	3.66	10	0
Esophageal Diseases Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS.	1.93	1	0
Lipodystrophy, Intestinal [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Lipodystrophy A collection of heterogenous conditions resulting from defective LIPID METABOLISM and characterized by ADIPOSE TISSUE atrophy. Often there is redistribution of body fat resulting in peripheral fat wasting and central adiposity. They include generalized, localized, congenital, and acquired lipodystrophy.	1.93	1	0
ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) Diseases [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Dupuytren's Contracture [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Dupuytren Contracture A fibromatosis of the palmar fascia characterized by thickening and contracture of the fibrous bands on the palmar surfaces of the hand and fingers. It arises most commonly in men between the ages of 30 and 50.	2.34	2	0
Metaplasia A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.	2.88	4	0
Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.86	4	0
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	2.36	2	0
Abnormality, Heart [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.	1.94	1	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	3.57	9	0
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	3.05	5	0
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	4.77	32	0
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	3.66	10	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	3.83	12	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	3.57	9	0
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	3.05	5	0
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	4.77	32	0
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	3.66	10	0
Hypospermatogenesis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)	2.35	2	0
Oligodendroglioma A relatively slow-growing glioma that is derived from oligodendrocytes and tends to occur in the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, or lateral ventricle. They may present at any age, but are most frequent in the third to fifth decades, with an earlier incidence peak in the first decade. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, relatively avascular, and tend to form cysts and microcalcifications. Neoplastic cells tend to have small round nuclei surrounded by unstained nuclei. The tumors may vary from well-differentiated to highly anaplastic forms. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2052; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p655)	2.65	3	0
Xanthoma [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Angioblastic Meningioma [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Meningeal Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.	1.94	1	0
Meningioma A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)	2.65	3	0
Air Embolism [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Active Hyperemia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).	1.94	1	0
Deaf Mutism [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Deafness A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.	1.94	1	0
Lipidoses Conditions characterized by abnormal lipid deposition due to disturbance in lipid metabolism, such as hereditary diseases involving lysosomal enzymes required for lipid breakdown. They are classified either by the enzyme defect or by the type of lipid involved.	2.35	2	0
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	1.94	1	0
Petechiae Pinhead size (3 mm) skin discolorization due to hemorrhage.	1.93	1	0
Congenital Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Purpura, Thrombopenic [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Purpura Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is	1.93	1	0
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic Any form of purpura in which the PLATELET COUNT is decreased. Many forms are thought to be caused by immunological mechanisms.	1.93	1	0
Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic An acquired, congenital, or familial disorder caused by PLATELET AGGREGATION with THROMBOSIS in terminal arterioles and capillaries. Clinical features include THROMBOCYTOPENIA; HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; AZOTEMIA; FEVER; and thrombotic microangiopathy. The classical form also includes neurological symptoms and end-organ damage, such as RENAL FAILURE. Mutations in the ADAMTS13 PROTEIN gene have been identified in familial cases.	2.34	2	0
Fibroadenoma An adenoma containing fibrous tissue. It should be differentiated from ADENOFIBROMA which is a tumor composed of connective tissue (fibroma) containing glandular (adeno-) structures. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.01	1	0
Adenosis of Breast [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Fibrocystic Breast Disease A common and benign breast disease characterized by varying degree of fibrocystic changes in the breast tissue. There are three major patterns of morphological changes, including FIBROSIS, formation of CYSTS, and proliferation of glandular tissue (adenosis). The fibrocystic breast has a dense irregular, lumpy, bumpy consistency.	2.39	2	0
Babesia Infection [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	3.07	5	0
Bagassosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhaled dust from processing SUGARCANE (bagasse), usually in the manufacturing of wallboard.	2.63	3	0
Pneumoconiosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhalation of dust and by tissue reaction to their presence. These inorganic, organic, particulate, or vaporized matters usually are inhaled by workers in their occupational environment, leading to the various forms (ASBESTOSIS; BYSSINOSIS; and others). Similar air pollution can also have deleterious effects on the general population.	2.63	3	0
Empyema, Pleural, Tuberculous [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Empyema Presence of pus in a hollow organ or body cavity.	1.92	1	0
Infections, Rickettsia [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Infant, Newborn, Diseases Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.	2.02	1	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	3.48	8	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	3.48	8	0
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Cholangiocarcinoma A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.	2.02	1	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Hypercapnia A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	2.02	1	0
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	2.02	1	0
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.	2.71	3	0
Cornea Injuries [description not available]	3.4	1	1
Injuries, Eye [description not available]	3.4	1	1
Complication, Intraoperative [description not available]	3.4	1	1
Eye Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.	3.4	1	1
Corneal Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the CORNEA by external means.	3.4	1	1
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	3.83	4	0
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	3.83	4	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	2.02	1	0
Ear Diseases Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.	5.02	5	2
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	6.56	14	4
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	6.56	14	4
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Medulloblastoma A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)	2.67	3	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	3.11	5	0
Chromosome Deletion Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.	2.4	2	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	8.11	5	0
Infections, Mycobacterium [description not available]	2.9	4	0
Mycobacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM.	2.9	4	0
Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.	2.03	1	0
Mastitis INFLAMMATION of the BREAST, or MAMMARY GLAND.	2.9	4	0
Cancer of Penis [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Penile Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the PENIS or of its component tissues.	2.88	4	0
Bladder Diseases [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Thoracic Diseases Disorders affecting the organs of the thorax.	3.6	3	0
Dermatitis, Radiation-Induced [description not available]	3.76	2	1
Radiodermatitis A cutaneous inflammatory reaction occurring as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation.	3.76	2	1
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	7.7	3	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	3.57	9	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	3.57	9	0
Contagious Pustular Dermatitis [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Abscess, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Lung Abscess Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the lung parenchyma as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.	2.41	2	0
Argentaffinoma [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Carcinoid Tumor A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)	2.03	1	0
Infections, Picornaviridae [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.	1.92	1	0
Chromosomal Translocation [description not available]	3.24	6	0
Ritter Disease [description not available]	2.96	1	0
Acquired Encephalocele [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Focal Neurologic Deficits [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Cholesteatoma A non-neoplastic mass of keratin-producing squamous EPITHELIUM, frequently occurring in the MENINGES; bones of the skull, and most commonly in the MIDDLE EAR and MASTOID region. Cholesteatoma can be congenital or acquired. Cholesteatoma is not a tumor nor is it associated with high CHOLESTEROL.	2.35	2	0
Mastoiditis Inflammation of the honeycomb-like MASTOID BONE in the skull just behind the ear. It is usually a complication of OTITIS MEDIA.	1.94	1	0
Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.	1.94	1	0
Wounds, Gunshot Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the discharge of firearms.	2.87	4	0
Behavior Disorders [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	1.94	1	0
Amelia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue Neoplasms composed of nerve tissue. This concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the nervous system or its component nerves.	1.96	1	0
Dysembryoma [description not available]	3.07	5	0
Teratoma A true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue, none of which is native to the area in which it occurs. It is composed of tissues that are derived from three germinal layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. They are classified histologically as mature (benign) or immature (malignant). (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1642)	3.07	5	0
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial [description not available]	3.07	5	0
Carcinoma in Situ A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.	3.07	5	0
Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.	2.36	2	0
Alcoholic Intoxication An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.	1.96	1	0
Anemia, Hypoplastic [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Anemia, Aplastic A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.	1.96	1	0
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	3.05	5	0
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	3.05	5	0
Leg Ulcer Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.	4.82	4	2
Fibroma, Shope [description not available]	3.46	8	0
Cancer of Eye [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Infections, Reoviridae [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.	3.06	5	0
Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	2.87	4	0
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.	1.96	1	0
Coronaviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by CORONAVIRIDAE.	1.96	1	0
Lentigines [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Lentigo Small circumscribed melanoses resembling, but differing histologically from, freckles. The concept includes senile lentigo ('liver spots') and nevoid lentigo (nevus spilus, lentigo simplex) and may also occur in association with multiple congenital defects or congenital syndromes (e.g., Peutz-Jeghers syndrome).	1.96	1	0
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	2.36	2	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	2.88	1	0
Mycosis Fungoides A chronic, malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages, the LYMPH NODES and viscera are affected.	2.89	4	0
Fistula Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.	2.89	4	0
Bronchial Pneumonia [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Foot Diseases Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.	1.96	1	0
Atypical Mycobacterial Infection, Disseminated [description not available]	2.89	4	0
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Myasthenia Gravis A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.	2.36	2	0
Fibroid [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Leiomyoma A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.	2.38	2	0
Entropion The turning inward (inversion) of the edge of the eyelid, with the tarsal cartilage turned inward toward the eyeball. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.96	1	0
Connective Tissue Diseases A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.	2.88	1	0
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	1.96	1	0
Hypergammaglobulinemia An excess of GAMMA-GLOBULINS in the serum due to chronic infections or PARAPROTEINEMIAS.	1.96	1	0
Franklin Disease [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	4.61	10	0
Cancer, Radiation-Induced [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Genital Diseases, Male Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).	2.64	3	0
Mouth Diseases Diseases involving the MOUTH.	2.37	2	0
Actinomycetoma [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Cerebral Nocardiosis [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Bronchial Diseases Diseases involving the BRONCHI.	2.35	2	0
Mycetoma A chronic progressive subcutaneous infection caused by species of fungi (eumycetoma), or actinomycetes (actinomycetoma). It is characterized by tumefaction, abscesses, and tumor-like granules representing microcolonies of pathogens, such as MADURELLA fungi and bacteria ACTINOMYCETES, with different grain colors.	1.95	1	0
Pemphigus Foliaceus [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Bullous Dermatoses [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Chronic Cutaneous [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid A chronic form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, CUTANEOUS) in which the skin lesions mimic those of the systemic form but in which systemic signs are rare. It is characterized by the presence of discoid skin plaques showing varying degrees of edema, erythema, scaliness, follicular plugging, and skin atrophy. Lesions are surrounded by an elevated erythematous border. The condition typically involves the face and scalp, but widespread dissemination may occur.	2.65	3	0
Pemphigus Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.	2.65	3	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	3.82	4	0
Central Nervous System Disease [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Congenital Infection, Toxoplasma gondii [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.	1.96	1	0
Toxoplasmosis, Congenital Prenatal protozoal infection with TOXOPLASMA gondii which is associated with injury to the developing fetal nervous system. The severity of this condition is related to the stage of pregnancy during which the infection occurs; first trimester infections are associated with a greater degree of neurologic dysfunction. Clinical features include HYDROCEPHALUS; MICROCEPHALY; deafness; cerebral calcifications; SEIZURES; and psychomotor retardation. Signs of a systemic infection may also be present at birth, including fever, rash, and hepatosplenomegaly. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p735)	1.96	1	0
Lymphatic Diseases Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.	3.06	5	0
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Neoplasms, Bronchial [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Plasma Cell Tumor [description not available]	4.48	9	0
Bronchial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI.	2.64	3	0
Plasmacytoma Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.	4.48	9	0
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Pemphigoid [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Angiitis [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Duhring Disease [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Dermatitis Herpetiformis Rare, chronic, papulo-vesicular disease characterized by an intensely pruritic eruption consisting of various combinations of symmetrical, erythematous, papular, vesicular, or bullous lesions. The disease is strongly associated with the presence of HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3 antigens. A variety of different autoantibodies has been detected in small numbers in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis.	2.37	2	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	2.86	4	0
Pemphigoid, Bullous A chronic and relatively benign subepidermal blistering disease usually of the elderly and without histopathologic acantholysis.	2.37	2	0
Vasculitis Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	1.96	1	0
Pleural Effusion Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.	3.06	5	0
Eye Disorders [description not available]	4.03	3	1
Day Blindness [description not available]	3.34	1	1
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	4.03	3	1
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Myositis Ossificans A disease characterized by bony deposits or the ossification of muscle tissue.	1.98	1	0
Aneuploid [description not available]	4.23	18	0
Cancer of Gallbladder [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Gallbladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.	1.98	1	0
Seminoma A radiosensitive, malignant neoplasm of the testis, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. There are three variants: classical (typical), the most common type; anaplastic; and spermatocytic. The classical seminoma is composed of fairly well differentiated sheets or cords of uniform polygonal or round cells (seminoma cells), each cell having abundant clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, a centrally placed round nucleus, and one or more nucleoli. In the female, a grossly and histologically identical neoplasm, known as dysgerminoma, occurs. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.39	2	0
Cancer of Intestines [description not available]	3.59	3	0
Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.	3.59	3	0
Carcinoma, Colloid [description not available]	2.89	4	0
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.89	4	0
Carcinoma, Lobular A type of BREAST CANCER where the abnormal malignant cells form in the lobules, or milk-producing glands, of the breast.	2.39	2	0
Polyps Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.	1.98	1	0
Angiogranuloma [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Inhalation Injury, Smoke [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Burns, Inhalation Burns of the respiratory tract caused by heat or inhaled chemicals.	2.38	2	0
B-Cell Leukemia [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Neoplasms, Squamous Cell Neoplasms of the SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in tissue composed of squamous elements.	1.98	1	0
Anorectal Diseases [description not available]	3.56	3	0
Rectal Diseases Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	3.56	3	0
Acute-Phase Reaction An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.	1.98	1	0
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	4.12	6	0
Schistosoma mansoni Infection [description not available]	2.9	1	0
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	4.12	6	0
Schistosomiasis mansoni Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver.	2.9	1	0
Leukemia, Pre-B-Cell [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and adolescents and characterized by a high number of lymphoblasts and solid tumor lesions. Frequent sites involve LYMPH NODES, skin, and bones. It most commonly presents as leukemia.	1.98	1	0
Fat Necrosis A condition in which the death of adipose tissue results in neutral fats being split into fatty acids and glycerol.	2.38	2	0
Chronic Hepatitis [description not available]	3.37	1	1
Hepatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.	3.37	1	1
Collagen Diseases Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that collagen was equivalent to connective tissue, but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term collagen diseases now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494)	2.9	1	0
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Hepatitis, Animal INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.	1.98	1	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	2.87	4	0
Shingles [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Skin Diseases, Viral Skin diseases caused by viruses.	1.98	1	0
Herpes Zoster An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	1.98	1	0
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	1.98	1	0
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.	2.38	2	0
Esophageal Varices [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Esophageal and Gastric Varices Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).	1.98	1	0
Besnier-Boeck Disease [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Sarcoidosis An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.	2.37	2	0
Emergencies Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.	1.98	1	0
Ethmoid Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in the ETHMOID SINUS. It may present itself as an acute (infectious) or chronic (allergic) condition.	1.98	1	0
Sinusitis, Maxillary [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Maxillary Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in the MAXILLARY SINUS. In many cases, it is caused by an infection of the bacteria HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; or STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.	1.98	1	0
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)	2.67	3	0
Bovine Virus Diarrhea Mucosal Disease [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Yolk Sac Tumor [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Abnormalities, Sex Chromosome [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Endodermal Sinus Tumor An unusual and aggressive tumor of germ-cell origin that reproduces the extraembryonic structures of the early embryo. It is the most common malignant germ cell tumor found in children. It is characterized by a labyrinthine glandular pattern of flat epithelial cells and rounded papillary processes with a central capillary (Schiller-Duval body). The tumor is rarely bilateral. Before the use of combination chemotherapy, the tumor was almost invariably fatal. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1189)	1.98	1	0
Aneurysm, Thoracic Aortic [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Aortic Incompetence [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Great Pox [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Aortic Valve Insufficiency Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the LEFT VENTRICLE, leading to regurgitation. It is caused by diseases of the AORTIC VALVE or its surrounding tissue (aortic root).	1.99	1	0
Syphilis A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM.	2.39	2	0
Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the THORACIC AORTA. This proximal descending portion of aorta gives rise to the visceral and the parietal branches above the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.	1.99	1	0
Algodystrophic Syndrome [description not available]	3.37	1	1
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy A syndrome characterized by severe burning pain in an extremity accompanied by sudomotor, vasomotor, and trophic changes in bone without an associated specific nerve injury. This condition is most often precipitated by trauma to soft tissue or nerve complexes. The skin over the affected region is usually erythematous and demonstrates hypersensitivity to tactile stimuli and erythema. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1360; Pain 1995 Oct;63(1):127-33)	3.37	1	1
Abortion, Veterinary Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals.	1.99	1	0
Equine Diseases [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Encephalitis, Equine [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine A condition of chronic gastroenteritis in adult pigs and fatal gastroenteritis in piglets caused by a CORONAVIRUS.	1.99	1	0
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	3.6	3	0
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	3.6	3	0
Cancer of Nose [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Encephalitis, Viral Inflammation of brain parenchymal tissue as a result of viral infection. Encephalitis may occur as primary or secondary manifestation of TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; and ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.	1.99	1	0
B Virus Infection [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Adipocere [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Arson [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Blood Diseases [description not available]	4.05	3	1
Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.	4.05	3	1
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	2.68	3	0
T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	3.69	10	0
Lymphoma, T-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.	3.69	10	0
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	1.99	1	0
Haemophilus Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.	2.4	2	0
Tuberculosis, Bovine An infection of cattle caused by MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. It is transmissible to man and other animals.	1.99	1	0
Chemical Dependence [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse.	2.65	3	0
Angioma, Sclerosing [description not available]	2.89	4	0
Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous A benign tumor composed, wholly or in part, of cells with the morphologic characteristics of HISTIOCYTES and with various fibroblastic components. Fibrous histiocytomas can occur anywhere in the body. When they occur in the skin, they are called dermatofibromas or sclerosing hemangiomas. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p1747)	2.89	4	0
Bacterial Pneumonia [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Enterocolitis Inflammation of the MUCOSA of both the SMALL INTESTINE and the LARGE INTESTINE. Etiology includes ISCHEMIA, infections, allergic, and immune responses.	1.99	1	0
Pneumonia, Bacterial Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.	1.99	1	0
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	1.99	1	0
Cancer of Lip [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Black Fever [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Leishmaniasis, Visceral A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.	1.99	1	0
African Horse Sickness An insect-borne reovirus infection of horses, mules and donkeys in Africa and the Middle East; characterized by pulmonary edema, cardiac involvement, and edema of the head and neck.	1.99	1	0
Cancer of Larynx [description not available]	4.46	5	0
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.	4.46	5	0
Parotid Diseases Diseases involving the PAROTID GLAND.	1.99	1	0
Viral Diseases [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	1.99	1	0
Carcinoma, Thymic [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Cancer of the Thymus [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Thymoma A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	1.99	1	0
Thymus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND.	1.99	1	0
Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenitis [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Polyploid [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Melanoma, Amelanotic An unpigmented malignant melanoma. It is an anaplastic melanoma consisting of cells derived from melanoblasts but not forming melanin. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	1.99	1	0
Reproductive Sterility [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Infertility A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.	1.99	1	0
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [description not available]	3.36	7	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.	3.36	7	0
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	2	1	0
Rupture, Spontaneous Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.	1.99	1	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)	2.37	2	0
Fracture, Pathologic [description not available]	2	1	0
Hangman Fracture [description not available]	2	1	0
Spinal Fractures Broken bones in the vertebral column.	2	1	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Ewing Sarcoma [description not available]	2	1	0
Sarcoma, Ewing A malignant tumor of the bone which always arises in the medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones. The tumor occurs usually before the age of 20, about twice as frequently in males as in females.	2	1	0
Dermatitis, Poison Ivy [description not available]	2	1	0
Barrett Epithelium [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Barrett Esophagus A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.	2.4	2	0
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	2.37	2	0
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available]	2	1	0
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.	2	1	0
Cancer of Pituitary [description not available]	3.29	2	0
Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.	3.29	2	0
Gammapathy, Monoclonal [description not available]	2	1	0
Paraproteinemias A group of related diseases characterized by an unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells, usually from a single clone. These cells frequently secrete a structurally homogeneous immunoglobulin (M-component) and/or an abnormal immunoglobulin.	2	1	0
Infection, Wound [description not available]	4.67	2	1
Isochromosomes Metacentric chromosomes produced during MEIOSIS or MITOSIS when the CENTROMERE splits transversely instead of longitudinally. The chromosomes produced by this abnormal division are one chromosome having the two long arms of the original chromosome, but no short arms, and the other chromosome consisting of the two short arms and no long arms. Each of these isochromosomes constitutes a simultaneous duplication and deletion.	2	1	0
47,XX,+21 [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Chromosomal Triplication [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Down Syndrome A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)	2.41	2	0
Brill-Symmers Disease [description not available]	3.09	5	0
Cancer of Spleen [description not available]	2	1	0
Lymphoma, Follicular Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES.	3.09	5	0
Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous A malignant cystic or semicystic neoplasm. It often occurs in the ovary and usually bilaterally. The external surface is usually covered with papillary excrescences. Microscopically, the papillary patterns are predominantly epithelial overgrowths with differentiated and undifferentiated papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma cells. Psammoma bodies may be present. The tumor generally adheres to surrounding structures and produces ascites. (From Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p185)	2	1	0
Chronic Hepatitis C [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Hepatitis C, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	2.41	2	0
Infections, Chlamydia [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Salpingitis Inflammation of the uterine salpinx, the trumpet-shaped FALLOPIAN TUBES, usually caused by ascending infections of organisms from the lower reproductive tract. Salpingitis can lead to tubal scarring, hydrosalpinx, tubal occlusion, INFERTILITY, and ectopic pregnancy (PREGNANCY, ECTOPIC)	2.37	2	0
Chlamydia Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.	2.39	2	0
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	3.32	2	0
Bone Marrow Diseases Diseases involving the BONE MARROW.	3.3	2	0
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	3.32	2	0
Bezoars Concretions of swallowed hair, fruit or vegetable fibers, or similar substances found in the alimentary canal.	2.41	2	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	3.08	5	0
Leukemia, T-Cell A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.	2.69	3	0
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	3.08	5	0
Abortion, Tubal [description not available]	2	1	0
Abortion, Spontaneous Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.	2	1	0
Nevus, Epithelioid and Spindle Cell A benign compound nevus occurring most often in children before puberty, composed of spindle and epithelioid cells located mainly in the dermis, sometimes in association with large atypical cells and multinucleate cells, and having a close histopathological resemblance to malignant melanoma. The tumor presents as a smooth to slightly scaly, round to oval, raised, firm papule or nodule, ranging in color from pink-tan to purplish red, often with surface telangiectasia. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2	1	0
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.	2	1	0
Thrombophlebitis Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).	2	1	0
Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes [description not available]	3.31	2	0
Dermatosclerosis [description not available]	4.05	3	0
Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.	2.92	1	0
Myelodysplastic Syndromes Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.	3.31	2	0
Scleroderma, Localized A term used to describe a variety of localized asymmetrical SKIN thickening that is similar to those of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA but without the disease features in the multiple internal organs and BLOOD VESSELS. Lesions may be characterized as patches or plaques (morphea), bands (linear), or nodules.	4.05	3	0
Paralysis, Legs [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Paraplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.	2.01	1	0
Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.	3.39	1	1
Kidney Stones [description not available]	3.76	2	1
Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.	3.76	2	1
Adenoma, Basophil A small tumor of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland whose cells stain with basic dyes. It may give rise to excessive secretion of ACTH, resulting in CUSHING SYNDROME. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.95	1	0
Adult Rickets [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES.	2.36	2	0
Osteomalacia Disorder caused by an interruption of the mineralization of organic bone matrix leading to bone softening, bone pain, and weakness. It is the adult form of rickets resulting from disruption of VITAMIN D; PHOSPHORUS; or CALCIUM homeostasis.	2.36	2	0
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Keratoconjunctivitis Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.	3.73	2	1
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	1.95	1	0
Adenoma, Chromophobe A benign tumor of the anterior pituitary in which the cells do not stain with acidic or basic dyes.	2.87	1	0
Rachitis [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	2.35	2	0
Hypersensitivity, Type III [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	2.66	3	0
Athletic Injuries Injuries incurred during participation in competitive or non-competitive sports.	1.95	1	0
Diseases of Endocrine System [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Endocrine System Diseases Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.	1.95	1	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	3.78	4	0
Obstructive Lung Diseases [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.	1.95	1	0
Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.	1.95	1	0
Brain Abscess A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)	1.95	1	0
Cerebellar Diseases Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.	1.95	1	0
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.	3.2	6	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	2.35	2	0
Actinomyces Infections [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Duodenal Obstruction Hindrance of the passage of luminal contents in the DUODENUM. Duodenal obstruction can be partial or complete, and caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Simple obstruction is associated with diminished or stopped flow of luminal contents. Strangulating obstruction is associated with impaired blood flow to the duodenum in addition to obstructed flow of luminal contents.	1.95	1	0
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	1.95	1	0
Hemorrhoids Swollen veins in the lower part of the RECTUM or ANUS. Hemorrhoids can be inside the anus (internal), under the skin around the anus (external), or protruding from inside to outside of the anus. People with hemorrhoids may or may not exhibit symptoms which include bleeding, itching, and pain.	4.03	3	1
Verruca [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Warts Benign epidermal proliferations or tumors; some are viral in origin.	1.95	1	0
alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Deficiency of the protease inhibitor ALPHA 1-ANTITRYPSIN that manifests primarily as PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA and LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	1.95	1	0
Infectious Skin Diseases [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	2.64	3	0
Skin Diseases, Infectious Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.	1.95	1	0
Distorted Hearing [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	2.64	3	0
Dysphagia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Amentia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	2.87	4	0
Deglutition Disorders Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.	1.95	1	0
Dementia An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.	1.95	1	0
Cancer of Digestive System [description not available]	3.3	2	0
Digestive System Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.	3.3	2	0
Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous An adenocarcinoma with a hard (Greek skirrhos, hard) structure owing to the formation of dense connective tissue in the stroma. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	1.98	1	0
Leukemic Infiltration A pathologic change in leukemia in which leukemic cells permeate various organs at any stage of the disease. All types of leukemia show various degrees of infiltration, depending upon the type of leukemia. The degree of infiltration may vary from site to site. The liver and spleen are common sites of infiltration, the greatest appearing in myelocytic leukemia, but infiltration is seen also in the granulocytic and lymphocytic types. The kidney is also a common site and of the gastrointestinal system, the stomach and ileum are commonly involved. In lymphocytic leukemia the skin is often infiltrated. The central nervous system too is a common site.	1.98	1	0
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	3.22	6	0
Acquired-Immune Deficiency Syndrome Dementia Complex [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.	3.22	6	0
AIDS Dementia Complex A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40)	1.98	1	0
Blunt Injuries [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Rib Fractures Fractures of any of the RIBS.	1.98	1	0
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	2.43	2	0
External Ear Inflammation [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Otitis Externa Inflammation of the OUTER EAR including the external EAR CANAL, cartilages of the auricle (EAR CARTILAGE), and the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.	1.98	1	0
Injuries, Tendon [description not available]	2.89	1	0
Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.	2.38	2	0
Genital Warts [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Condylomata Acuminata Sexually transmitted form of anogenital warty growth caused by the human papillomaviruses.	1.97	1	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Carditis [description not available]	2.38	2	0
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.	2.38	2	0
Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.	2.38	2	0
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)	1.97	1	0
Gallstone Disease [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).	2.36	2	0
Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Leukemia, Smoldering [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts Chronic refractory anemia with granulocytopenia, and/or thrombocytopenia. Myeloblasts and progranulocytes constitute 5 to 40 percent of the nucleated marrow cells.	1.97	1	0
Primary Myelofibrosis A de novo myeloproliferation arising from an abnormal stem cell. It is characterized by the replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue, a process that is mediated by CYTOKINES arising from the abnormal clone.	1.97	1	0
Myeloproliferative Disorders Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.	3.58	3	0
Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available]	2.89	1	0
Epulides, Giant Cell [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Granuloma, Giant Cell A non-neoplastic inflammatory lesion, usually of the jaw or gingiva, containing large, multinucleated cells. It includes reparative giant cell granuloma. Peripheral giant cell granuloma refers to the gingiva (giant cell epulis); central refers to the jaw.	2.36	2	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	7.69	3	0
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Intracranial Aneurysm Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (	1.97	1	0
Neurilemoma [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Neurilemmoma A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)	1.97	1	0
Disgerminoma [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Dysgerminoma A malignant ovarian neoplasm, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. It is the counterpart of the classical seminoma of the testis, to which it is both grossly and histologically identical. Dysgerminomas comprise 16% of all germ cell tumors but are rare before the age of 10, although nearly 50% occur before the age of 20. They are generally considered of low-grade malignancy but may spread if the tumor extends through its capsule and involves lymph nodes or blood vessels. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1646)	2.38	2	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	2.65	3	0
Edema, Fetal [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Cancer of Paranasal Sinus [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	2.36	2	0
Common Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumor or cancer of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.	1.97	1	0
Cancer of Granulosa Cells [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	7.67	3	0
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	2.67	3	0
Neoplasms, Trophoblastic [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Cancer of the Vulva [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Vulvar Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the VULVA.	2.69	3	0
Duncan Disease [description not available]	2.89	4	0
Lymphoproliferative Disorders Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.	2.89	4	0
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Carcinoma, Papillary A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.97	1	0
Choriocarcinoma A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).	1.97	1	0
Adenitis [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Campylobacter Infection [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	1.96	1	0
P carinii Pneumonia [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.	1.96	1	0
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Cholangiitis, Sclerosing [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).	1.97	1	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.	1.97	1	0
Cholangitis, Sclerosing Chronic inflammatory disease of the BILIARY TRACT. It is characterized by fibrosis and hardening of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ductal systems leading to bile duct strictures, CHOLESTASIS, and eventual BILIARY CIRRHOSIS.	1.97	1	0
Cholangioma [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Adenoma, Bile Duct A benign tumor of the intrahepatic bile ducts.	1.97	1	0
Adenolymphoma A benign tumor characterized histologically by tall columnar epithelium within a lymphoid tissue stroma. It is usually found in the salivary glands, especially the parotid.	1.97	1	0
Cancer of Salivary Gland [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Salivary Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.	2.38	2	0
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease [description not available]	3.06	5	0
Cytomegalovirus Infections Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.	3.06	5	0
Adenocystic Carcinoma [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumors occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.97	1	0
Adrenal Cancer [description not available]	3.29	2	0
Mast Cell Activation Disease [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Mastocytosis A rare neoplastic disorder characterized by a clonal proliferation of MAST CELLS, associated with KIT-D816 mutations, and accompanied by aberrant mast cell activation. The abnormal increase of MAST CELLS may occur in only the skin (MASTOCYTOSIS, CUTANEOUS), in extracutaneous tissues involving multiple organs (MASTOCYTOSIS, SYSTEMIC), or in solid tumors (MASTOCYTOMA).	1.97	1	0
Carcinoma, Bronchial [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA.	1.97	1	0
Eperythrozoonosis [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Pleuropneumonia, Contagious A pleuropneumonia of cattle and goats caused by species of MYCOPLASMA.	1.97	1	0
Hand-Schu00FCller-Christian Disease [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell A group of disorders resulting from the abnormal proliferation of and tissue infiltration by LANGERHANS CELLS which can be detected by their characteristic Birbeck granules (X bodies), or by monoclonal antibody staining for their surface CD1 ANTIGENS. Langerhans-cell granulomatosis can involve a single organ, or can be a systemic disorder.	2.37	2	0
Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia A benign form of endometrial hyperplasia with increased number of cells with atypia. The atypical cells are large and irregular and have an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. The risk of progression to endometrial carcinoma rises with the increasing degree of cell atypia.	1.97	1	0
Endometrial Hyperplasia Benign proliferation of the ENDOMETRIUM in the UTERUS. Endometrial hyperplasia is classified by its cytology and glandular tissue. There are simple, complex (adenomatous without atypia), and atypical hyperplasia representing also the ascending risk of becoming malignant.	1.97	1	0
Dental Plaque A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.	4.44	5	1
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary An adenocarcinoma containing finger-like processes of vascular connective tissue covered by neoplastic epithelium, projecting into cysts or the cavity of glands or follicles. It occurs most frequently in the ovary and thyroid gland. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.97	1	0
Cervix Diseases [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Female Genital Neoplasms [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Male Genital Neoplasms [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Anal Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the anal gland.	1.97	1	0
Genital Neoplasms, Female Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	1.97	1	0
Genital Neoplasms, Male Tumor or cancer of the MALE GENITALIA.	1.97	1	0
Gangliocytoma [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Hemangiopericytoma A tumor composed of spindle cells with a rich vascular network, which apparently arises from pericytes, cells of smooth muscle origin that lie around small vessels. Benign and malignant hemangiopericytomas exist, and the rarity of these lesions has led to considerable confusion in distinguishing between benign and malignant variants. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1364)	1.97	1	0
Bilateral Wilms Tumor [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Wilms Tumor A malignant kidney tumor, caused by the uncontrolled multiplication of renal stem (blastemal), stromal (STROMAL CELLS), and epithelial (EPITHELIAL CELLS) elements. However, not all three are present in every case. Several genes or chromosomal areas have been associated with Wilms tumor which is usually found in childhood as a firm lump in a child's side or ABDOMEN.	1.97	1	0
Nevi, Melanocytic [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Nevus, Pigmented A nevus containing melanin. The term is usually restricted to nevocytic nevi (round or oval collections of melanin-containing nevus cells occurring at the dermoepidermal junction of the skin or in the dermis proper) or moles, but may be applied to other pigmented nevi.	1.97	1	0
Ganglioside Storage Diseases [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Gangliosidoses A group of autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorders marked by the accumulation of GANGLIOSIDES. They are caused by impaired enzymes or defective cofactors required for normal ganglioside degradation in the LYSOSOMES. Gangliosidoses are classified by the specific ganglioside accumulated in the defective degradation pathway.	1.96	1	0
Canine Distemper [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Histomoniasis [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Toxoplasmosis, Animal Acquired infection of non-human animals by organisms of the genus TOXOPLASMA.	1.96	1	0
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Retinoblastoma A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)	1.97	1	0
Heart Valve Diseases Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE).	1.97	1	0
Angel Dust Abuse [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Histiocytic Sarcoma Malignant neoplasms composed of MACROPHAGES or DENDRITIC CELLS. Most histiocytic sarcomas present as localized tumor masses without a leukemic phase. Though the biological behavior of these neoplasms resemble lymphomas, their cell lineage is histiocytic not lymphoid.	1.97	1	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Myoglobinuria The presence of MYOGLOBIN in URINE usually as a result of rhabdomyolysis.	1.97	1	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	1.97	1	0
Genito-urinary Cancer [description not available]	3.29	2	0
Urogenital Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UROGENITAL SYSTEM in either the male or the female.	3.29	2	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	2.36	2	0
Neurologic Voice Disorder [description not available]	2.88	1	0
Voice Disorders Pathological processes that affect voice production, usually involving VOCAL CORDS and the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA. Voice disorders can be caused by organic (anatomical), or functional (emotional or psychological) factors leading to DYSPHONIA; APHONIA; and defects in VOICE QUALITY, loudness, and pitch.	2.88	1	0
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Death, Sudden The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.	1.97	1	0
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	2.36	2	0
Argyria A permanent ashen-gray discoloration of the skin, conjunctiva, and internal organs resulting from long-continued use of silver salts. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.96	1	0
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	2.64	3	0
Cancer of Pharynx [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Pharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PHARYNX.	1.96	1	0
Uveal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UVEA.	1.96	1	0
Dacryoadenitis [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Moniliasis, Oral [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Keratosis, Oral [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Candidiasis, Oral Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.96	1	0
Leukoplakia, Oral A white patch seen on the oral mucosa. It is considered a premalignant condition and is often tobacco-induced. When evidence of Epstein-Barr virus is present, the condition is called hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).	1.96	1	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	1.96	1	0
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	2.36	2	0
Ureteral Diseases Pathological processes involving the URETERS.	2.36	2	0
Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.	2.36	2	0
Ectopic Pregnancy [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Pregnancy, Ectopic A potentially life-threatening condition in which EMBRYO IMPLANTATION occurs outside the cavity of the UTERUS. Most ectopic pregnancies (	1.96	1	0
Orbital Neoplasms Neoplasms of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.	1.96	1	0
Conjunctival Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the CONJUNCTIVA.	1.96	1	0
Scalp Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the SCALP.	1.96	1	0
Conus Medullaris Syndrome [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Dermatomycoses Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.	1.96	1	0
Foot Dermatoses Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.	2.36	2	0
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	2.39	2	0
Fallot's Tetralogy [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Tetralogy of Fallot A combination of congenital heart defects consisting of four key features including VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS; PULMONARY STENOSIS; RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; and a dextro-positioned AORTA. In this condition, blood from both ventricles (oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor) is pumped into the body often causing CYANOSIS.	1.94	1	0
Adenoma, Pleomorphic A benign, slow-growing tumor, most commonly of the salivary gland, occurring as a small, painless, firm nodule, usually of the parotid gland, but also found in any major or accessory salivary gland anywhere in the oral cavity. It is most often seen in women in the fifth decade. Histologically, the tumor presents a variety of cells: cuboidal, columnar, and squamous cells, showing all forms of epithelial growth. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.95	1	0
Leukocytosis A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.	2.35	2	0
Diseases, Metabolic [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Niemann-Pick Disease [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)	1.94	1	0
Niemann-Pick Diseases A group of autosomal recessive disorders in which harmful quantities of lipids accumulate in the viscera and the central nervous system. They can be caused by deficiencies of enzyme activities (SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE) or defects in intracellular transport, resulting in the accumulation of SPHINGOMYELINS and CHOLESTEROL. There are various subtypes based on their clinical and genetic differences.	1.94	1	0
Parasite Infections [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Parasitic Diseases, Animal Animal diseases caused by PARASITES.	1.94	1	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	2.35	2	0
Intraventricular Septal Defects [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular Developmental abnormalities in any portion of the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM resulting in abnormal communications between the two lower chambers of the heart. Classification of ventricular septal defects is based on location of the communication, such as perimembranous, inlet, outlet (infundibular), central muscular, marginal muscular, or apical muscular defect.	1.94	1	0
Dermatitis Seborrheica [description not available]	3.04	5	0
Dermatitis, Seborrheic A chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with unknown etiology. It is characterized by moderate ERYTHEMA, dry, moist, or greasy (SEBACEOUS GLAND) scaling and yellow crusted patches on various areas, especially the scalp, that exfoliate as dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis is common in children and adolescents with HIV INFECTIONS.	3.04	5	0
Island Cell Tumor [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Adenoma, Islet Cell A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the INSULIN-producing PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, as in INSULINOMA, resulting in HYPERINSULINISM.	1.94	1	0
Synovioma [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Giant Cell Tumors Tumors of bone tissue or synovial or other soft tissue characterized by the presence of giant cells. The most common are giant cell tumor of tendon sheath and GIANT CELL TUMOR OF BONE.	1.94	1	0
Sarcoma, Synovial A malignant neoplasm arising from tenosynovial tissue of the joints and in synovial cells of tendons and bursae. The legs are the most common site, but the tumor can occur in the abdominal wall and other trunk muscles. There are two recognized types: the monophasic (characterized by sheaths of monotonous spindle cells) and the biphasic (characterized by slit-like spaces or clefts within the tumor, lined by cuboidal or tall columnar epithelial cells). These sarcomas occur most commonly in the second and fourth decades of life. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1363)	1.94	1	0
Keratitis, Ulcerative [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Furrow Keratitis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Corneal Ulcer Loss of epithelial tissue from the surface of the cornea due to progressive erosion and necrosis of the tissue; usually caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infection.	1.95	1	0
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Goiter Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC).	1.94	1	0
Hyperthyroid [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Thyroiditis Inflammatory diseases of the THYROID GLAND. Thyroiditis can be classified into acute (THYROIDITIS, SUPPURATIVE), subacute (granulomatous and lymphocytic), chronic fibrous (Riedel's), chronic lymphocytic (HASHIMOTO DISEASE), transient (POSTPARTUM THYROIDITIS), and other AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS subtypes.	2.35	2	0
Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.	1.94	1	0
Sterility, Female [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Infertility, Female Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.	2.35	2	0
Atrophy, Muscle [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Muscular Atrophy Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.	2.7	3	0
Deficiency, Protein [description not available]	3.26	2	0
Atypical Lipoma [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Adenofibroma A benign neoplasm composed of glandular and fibrous tissues, with a relatively large proportion of glands. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.95	1	0
Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.	1.95	1	0
Lipoma A benign tumor composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It can be surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue (encapsulated), or diffuse without the capsule.	1.95	1	0
Phagocyte Bactericidal Dysfunction Disorders in which phagocytic cells cannot kill ingested bacteria; characterized by frequent recurring infection with formulation of granulomas.	2.35	2	0
Anemia, Hypochromic Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393)	1.95	1	0
Fever of Unknown Origin Fever in which the etiology cannot be ascertained.	1.95	1	0
Thalassemias [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Thalassemia A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia.	1.95	1	0
Centriacinar Emphysema [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	2.35	2	0
Hypospadias A birth defect due to malformation of the URETHRA in which the urethral opening is below its normal location. In the male, the malformed urethra generally opens on the ventral surface of the PENIS or on the PERINEUM. In the female, the malformed urethral opening is in the VAGINA.	1.94	1	0
Halitosis An offensive, foul breath odor resulting from a variety of causes such as poor oral hygiene, dental or oral infections, or the ingestion of certain foods.	1.95	1	0
Parodontosis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	1.95	1	0
Embolism, Fat Blocking of a blood vessel by fat deposits in the circulation. It is often seen after fractures of large bones or after administration of CORTICOSTEROIDS.	1.95	1	0
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	1.95	1	0
Drug-Induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.	1.95	1	0
Bronze Diabetes [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Hemochromatosis A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)	1.95	1	0
Intussusception A form of intestinal obstruction caused by the PROLAPSE of a part of the intestine into the adjoining intestinal lumen. There are four types: colic, involving segments of the LARGE INTESTINE; enteric, involving only the SMALL INTESTINE; ileocecal, in which the ILEOCECAL VALVE prolapses into the CECUM, drawing the ILEUM along with it; and ileocolic, in which the ileum prolapses through the ileocecal valve into the COLON.	1.95	1	0
Bone Fractures [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Femoral Fractures Fractures of the femur.	1.94	1	0
Humeral Fractures Fractures of the HUMERUS.	1.94	1	0
Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones.	2.63	3	0
Greater Tuberosity Fractures [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea.	1.94	1	0
alpha-L-Iduronidase Deficiency [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Mucopolysaccharidosis I Systemic lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of alpha-L-iduronidase (IDURONIDASE) and characterized by progressive physical deterioration with urinary excretion of DERMATAN SULFATE and HEPARAN SULFATE. There are three recognized phenotypes representing a spectrum of clinical severity from severe to mild: Hurler syndrome, Hurler-Scheie syndrome and Scheie syndrome (formerly mucopolysaccharidosis V). Symptoms may include DWARFISM; hepatosplenomegaly; thick, coarse facial features with low nasal bridge; corneal clouding; cardiac complications; and noisy breathing.	1.94	1	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Bladder Disorder, Neurogenic [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Epididymitis Inflammation of the EPIDIDYMIS. Its clinical features include enlarged epididymis, a swollen SCROTUM; PAIN; PYURIA; and FEVER. It is usually related to infections in the URINARY TRACT, which likely spread to the EPIDIDYMIS through either the VAS DEFERENS or the lymphatics of the SPERMATIC CORD.	1.94	1	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Anterior Urethral Stricture [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Urinary Fistula An abnormal passage in any part of the URINARY TRACT between itself or with other organs.	1.94	1	0
Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. This is often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, but may also be caused by BRAIN DISEASES or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES.	1.94	1	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	1.94	1	0
Urethral Stricture Narrowing of any part of the URETHRA. It is characterized by decreased urinary stream and often other obstructive voiding symptoms.	1.94	1	0
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	1.94	1	0
Rodent Diseases Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).	1.94	1	0
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome A form of phagocyte bactericidal dysfunction characterized by unusual oculocutaneous albinism, high incidence of lymphoreticular neoplasms, and recurrent pyogenic infections. In many cell types, abnormal lysosomes are present leading to defective pigment distribution and abnormal neutrophil functions. The disease is transmitted by autosomal recessive inheritance and a similar disorder occurs in the beige mouse, the Aleutian mink, and albino Hereford cattle.	1.94	1	0
Lacrimal Duct Obstruction Interference with the secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands. Obstruction of the LACRIMAL SAC or NASOLACRIMAL DUCT causing acute or chronic inflammation of the lacrimal sac (DACRYOCYSTITIS). It is caused also in infants by failure of the nasolacrimal duct to open into the inferior meatus and occurs about the third week of life. In adults occlusion may occur spontaneously or after injury or nasal disease. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p250)	1.94	1	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	8.61	3	0
Pus [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Brittle Bone Disease [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Osteogenesis Imperfecta COLLAGEN DISEASES characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. Most types are autosomal dominant and are associated with mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE I.	1.94	1	0
Encephalomyelitis, Inflammatory [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Encephalomyelitis A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature.	1.94	1	0
Bone Inflammation [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Mandibular Diseases Diseases involving the MANDIBLE.	1.94	1	0
Multiple Primary Neoplasms [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Mouth, Edentulous Total lack of teeth through disease or extraction.	1.94	1	0
Ochronosis The yellowish discoloration of connective tissue due to deposition of HOMOGENTISIC ACID (a brown-black pigment). This is due to defects in the metabolism of PHENYLALANINE and TYROSINE. Ochronosis occurs in ALKAPTONURIA, but has also been associated with exposure to certain chemicals (e.g., PHENOL, trinitrophenol, BENZENE DERIVATIVES).	1.94	1	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Thrombopenia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Anemia, Hemolytic A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).	1.94	1	0
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	1.94	1	0
Anal Fissure [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Flatus [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Enteropathy, Exudative [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Fissure in Ano A painful linear tear at the margin of the anus. It appears as a crack or slit in the mucous membrane of the anus and is very painful and difficult to heal.	1.94	1	0
Flatulence Production or presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract which may be expelled through the anus.	1.94	1	0
Protein-Losing Enteropathies Pathological conditions in the INTESTINES that are characterized by the gastrointestinal loss of serum proteins, including SERUM ALBUMIN; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; and at times LYMPHOCYTES. Severe condition can result in HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA or LYMPHOPENIA. Protein-losing enteropathies are associated with a number of diseases including INTESTINAL LYMPHANGIECTASIS; WHIPPLE'S DISEASE; and NEOPLASMS of the SMALL INTESTINE.	1.94	1	0
Erythroblastosis Fetalis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Autosomal Hemophilia A [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.	1.94	1	0
Nutritional Disorders [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Hemorrhagic Disease of Newborn Neonatal nasogastric or intracranial hemorrhage caused by vitamin K deficiency.	1.94	1	0
Gastroenteritis INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.	1.94	1	0
Hemophilia A The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.	1.94	1	0
Nutrition Disorders Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.	1.94	1	0
Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	1.94	1	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	1.94	1	0
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	1.94	1	0
Colon Diverticula [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Diverticulum, Colon A pouch or sac opening from the COLON.	1.94	1	0
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Retinal Detachment Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).	1.94	1	0
Cystic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Fusiform Aneurysm Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS.	2.35	2	0
Bleeding [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Renal Artery Stenosis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Pyelitis Inflammation of the KIDNEY PELVIS and KIDNEY CALICES where urine is collected before discharge, but does not involve the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS) where urine is processed.	1.94	1	0
Kidney Papillary Necrosis A complication of kidney diseases characterized by cell death involving KIDNEY PAPILLA in the KIDNEY MEDULLA. Damages to this area may hinder the kidney to concentrate urine resulting in POLYURIA. Sloughed off necrotic tissue may block KIDNEY PELVIS or URETER. Necrosis of multiple renal papillae can lead to KIDNEY FAILURE.	1.94	1	0
Aneurysm Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics.	2.35	2	0
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	1.94	1	0
Renal Artery Obstruction Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).	1.94	1	0
Kidney Diseases, Cystic A heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which the KIDNEY contains one or more CYSTS unilaterally or bilaterally (KIDNEY, CYSTIC).	1.94	1	0
Hypogalactia A condition of less than normal MILK secretion.	1.94	1	0
Abdominal Cramps [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Fecal Impaction Formation of a firm impassable mass of stool in the RECTUM or distal COLON.	1.94	1	0
Autotomy Human [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Inappropriate GH Secretion Syndrome (Acromegaly) [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Acromegaly A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. The most common etiology is a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp79-80)	1.94	1	0
Retroperitoneal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the RETROPERITONEAL SPACE.	1.94	1	0
Skin Manifestations Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury.	2.34	2	0
Erysipelas An acute infection of the skin caused by species of STREPTOCOCCUS. This disease most frequently affects infants, young children, and the elderly. Characteristics include pink-to-red lesions that spread rapidly and are warm to the touch. The commonest site of involvement is the face.	1.94	1	0
Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.	1.94	1	0
Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.	1.94	1	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	1.94	1	0
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	1.94	1	0
Esophagotracheal Fistula [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Bilharziasis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Schistosomiasis Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.	1.94	1	0
Microglossia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Salivary Gland Diseases Diseases involving the SALIVARY GLANDS.	1.94	1	0
Asbestosis A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers which elicit potent inflammatory responses in the parenchyma of the lung. The disease is characterized by interstitial fibrosis of the lung, varying from scattered sites to extensive scarring of the alveolar interstitium.	1.94	1	0
Psoriasis Arthropathica [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Arthritis, Psoriatic A type of inflammatory arthritis associated with PSORIASIS, often involving the axial joints and the peripheral terminal interphalangeal joints. It is characterized by the presence of HLA-B27-associated SPONDYLARTHROPATHY, and the absence of rheumatoid factor.	2.41	1	0
Endotoxemia A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.	7.41	1	0
Avulsed Tooth [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	2.57	2	0
Allodynia [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia [description not available]	7.77	3	0
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.	2.77	3	0
Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA.	2.1	1	0
Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available]	4.4	1	1
Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.	4.4	1	1
Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.	4.41	1	1
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	4.43	1	1
Prediabetes [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	4.43	1	1
Prediabetic State The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	4.43	1	1
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.	1.98	1	0
Carcinoma, Large Cell A tumor of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size. It is usually bronchogenic. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2	1	0

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