thiacloprid profile

thiacloprid: structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

(Z)-thiacloprid : The (Z)-stereoisomer of thiacloprid. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

thiacloprid : A nitrile that is cyanamide in which the hydrogens are replaced by a 1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene group which in turn is substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl group at the ring nitrogen. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	115224
CHEMBL ID	451432
CHEBI ID	39175
CHEBI ID	39176
SCHEMBL ID	237347
SCHEMBL ID	26490
SCHEMBL ID	26491
MeSH ID	M0375118

Synonym
thiacloprid [iso:bsi]
hsdb 7268
cyanamide, (3-((6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl)-2-thiazolidinylidene)-
calypso 70wg
NCGC00164441-02
(3-((6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl)-2-thiazolidinylidene)cyanamide
{3-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene}cyanamide
CHEBI:39175
{(2z)-3-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene}cyanamide
calypso
(z)-thiacloprid
CHEBI:39176 ,
111988-49-9
thiacloprid
NCGC00164441-01
NCGC00164441-03
bdbm50251868
3C84
DB08620
CHEMBL451432 ,
FT-0657423
[3-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]cyanamide
A802461
[3-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-2-thiazolidinylidene]cyanamide
[3-[(6-chloranylpyridin-3-yl)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]cyanamide
NCGC00164441-04
3-((6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl)-2-thiazolidinylidene cyanamide
C18512
tox21_300697
dtxsid7034961 ,
NCGC00254605-01
dtxcid5014961
cas-111988-49-9
dsv3a944a4 ,
unii-dsv3a944a4
AKOS015897524
(z)-(3-((6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl)-2-thiazolidinylidene)cyanamide
thiacloprid [hsdb]
(z)-3-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidenecyanamide
thiacloprid [iso]
thiacloprid [mi]
SCHEMBL237347
SCHEMBL26490
SCHEMBL26491
T2967
J-002682
cyanamide, [3-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-2-thiazolidinylidene]-
thiacloprid, pestanal(r), analytical standard
mfcd09028056
thiacloprid 10 microg/ml in acetonitrile
thiacloprid, certified reference material, tracecert(r)
[3-(6-chloro-3-pyridinylmethyl)-2-thiazolidinylidene]cyanamide
(e)-n-(3-((6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl)thiazolidin-2-ylidene)cyanamide
n-(3-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-cyanamide
Q416283
AS-35094
(z)-n-(3-((6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl)thiazolidin-2-ylidene)cyanamide
Q63408702
(e)-thiacloprid
CS-0014056
1119449-18-1
n-(3-((6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl)thiazolidin-2-ylidene)cyanamide
HY-B1953
DTXSID60861210
3-(6-chloro-3-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidenecyanamide
({3-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene}amino)formonitrile
EN300-11689967
Z2044749895

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Thiacloprid (TCL) is a neonicotinoid insecticide. "	( A highly sensitive fluorescence immunochromatography strip for thiacloprid in fruits and vegetables using recombinant antibodies. Lu, X; Sun, J; Sun, X; Wang, Y; Xu, J; Zhang, Y, 2023)	2.59
"Thiacloprid (TH) is a neonicotinoid insecticide employed in agriculture to protect fruits and vegetables against different insects. "	( In ovo protective effects of chicoric and rosmarinic acids against Thiacloprid-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and growth retardation on newly hatched chicks. Abou-Zeid, SM; Alagawany, M; Azzam, MM; Di Cerbo, A; El Kholy, MS; Elhady, WM; Farag, MR; Khedr, MHE; Mahdy, EAA; Mawed, SA; Zizzadoro, C, 2023)	2.59
"Thiacloprid (THIA) is a kind of neonicotinoid, a widely used insecticide class. "	( Reproductive effects of pubertal exposure to neonicotinoid thiacloprid in immature male mice. Chen, C; Gao, J; Huang, Y; Wu, X; Yue, M; Zeng, S; Zhang, L; Zhang, Q; Zou, Y; Zou, Z, 2023)	2.6
"Thiacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide used to control sucking and chewing insects of fruits and vegetables. "	( The degradation dynamics and rapid detection of thiacloprid and its degradation products in water and soil by UHPLC-QTOF-MS. Chen, K; Dong, F; Liu, X; Wu, X; Xu, J; Zheng, Y, 2021)	2.32
"Thiacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide widely exploited in agriculture and easily mobilized towards aquatic environments by atmospheric agents. "	( Effects of long-term exposure of Mytilus galloprovincialis to thiacloprid: A multibiomarker approach. Albano, M; Albergamo, A; Di Bella, G; Fabrello, J; Faggio, C; Koutkova, Z; Matozzo, V; Pagano, M; Sandova, M; Savoca, S; Stara, A; Velisek, J, 2021)	2.3
"Thiacloprid is a new type of nicotine insecticide, which can block the normal neurotransmitter delivery process in insects."	( Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots-based fluorescence molecularly imprinted sensor for thiacloprid detection. Cao, N; Gui, W; Liu, Y; Ma, Q, 2018)	1.42
"Thiacloprid is an insecticide belonging to the family of neonicotinoids, substances initially underestimated for their potential adverse effects, that they may manifest in the long term leading to an extensive use. "	( Teratogenic effects of the neonicotinoid thiacloprid on chick embryos (Gallus gallus domesticus). Antoci, F; Brundo, MV; Copat, C; Ferrante, M; Messina, A; Pecoraro, R; Ruberto, C; Salvaggio, A; Scalisi, EM, 2018)	2.19
"Thiacloprid is a chloronicotinyl insecticide that is quite effective against sucking insects. "	( Dissipation rate of thiacloprid and its control effect against Bemisia tabaci in greenhouse tomato after soil application. Dong, S; Qiao, K; Wang, H; Wang, K; Xia, X; Zhu, Y, 2014)	2.17
"Thiacloprid is not found to be an appropriate and effective agent for application to eggplant. "	( Risk assessment of thiacloprid and its chemical decontamination on eggplant, Solanum melongena L. Gopal, M; Saimandir, J; Walia, S, 2009)	2.12
"Thiacloprid is a systemic neonicotinoid. "	( Comparative persistence of thiacloprid in Bt-transgenic cabbage (Brassica oleracea cv. capitata) vis-à-vis non-transgenic crop and its decontamination. Dutta, D; Gopal, M; Niwas, R, 2012)	2.12
"Thiacloprid is a new insecticide of the chloronicotinyl family. "	( Residual dynamics of thiacloprid in medical herbs marjoram, thyme, and camomile in soil. Pestemer, W; Stahler, M; Wu, JL; Yu, YL, 2007)	2.1

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Thiacloprid can cause fatal human toxicity when ingested heavily, and absence of an effective antidote raises concern in this regard."	( A fatal case of thiacloprid poisoning. Dutta, TK; Srikant, S; Thiruvikramaprakash, G; Vinod, KV, 2015)	1.48

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This study examines the hypothesis for the first time that the neonicotinoid insecticides and their imine metabolites and analogs display analgesic (antinociceptive) activity or adverse toxic effects associated with their action on binding to the alpha 4 beta 2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) subtype."	( Analgesic and toxic effects of neonicotinoid insecticides in mice. Casida, JE; Cowan, A; Tomizawa, M, 2001)	0.31
" In worst-case laboratory conditions, thiamethoxam, thiacloprid and acetamiprid were exceptionally toxic to this predacious mirid."	( The intrinsic toxicity of several neonicotinoids to Lygus lineolaris and Hyaliodes vitripennis, a phytophagous and a predacious mirid. Bostanian, NJ; Hardman, JM; Racette, G; Ventard, E, 2005)	0.58
" In all cases, the less toxic 6-chloronicotinic acid was found to be the major product at higher degrees of oxidation."	( Reactivity of hydroxyl radicals with neonicotinoid insecticides: mechanism and changes in toxicity. Amat, AM; Dell'arciprete, ML; Furlong, JP; Gonzalez, MC; Mártire, DO; Santos-Juanes, L; Sanz, AA; Vicente, R, 2009)	0.35
" Larval mortality, behavior, emergence, and Hsp70 protein level were sensitive indicators for the toxic effect of thiacloprid, whereas gender ratio and mouthpart morphology were not affected."	( Assessing toxicity of the insecticide thiacloprid on Chironomus riparius (Insecta: Diptera) using multiple end points. Gerhardt, A; Köhler, HR; Langer-Jaesrich, M, 2010)	0.84
" Traditional approaches that consider toxic effects at fixed exposure times are unable to allow extrapolation from measured endpoints to effects that may occur at other times of exposure."	( The significance of the Druckrey-Küpfmüller equation for risk assessment--the toxicity of neonicotinoid insecticides to arthropods is reinforced by exposure time. Tennekes, HA, 2010)	0.36
" ha(-1) appears to be safe in plant protection schedules and first round of plucking of green tea leaves on day 7 is recommended."	( Thiacloprid residues and its safety evaluation in Darjeeling tea. Banerjee, D; Banerjee, H, 2012)	1.82
" The aim was to investigate how nano-sized aluminum oxide (410 nm) can alter the toxic effects of thiacloprid, even if no sorption between particles and the insecticide takes place."	( Nano-sized Al2O3 reduces acute toxic effects of thiacloprid on the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius. Anwander, R; Crone, B; Guluzada, L; Haderlein, SB; Huhn, C; Jäger, L; Karst, U; Köhler, HR; Liang, Y; Lorenz, CS; Luo, L; Triebskorn, R; Wicht, AJ, 2017)	0.93
"Thiacloprid (TH), one of the most widely used pesticides in the world, might cause toxic effects like DNA damage in humans and animals due to their frequent use."	( Genotoxicity of thiacloprid in zebrafish liver. Aşcı Çelik, D; Toğay, VA; Yavuz Türel, G, 2023)	2.7
" Co-administration of CA or RA with TH mitigated the toxic effects on hatchlings."	( In ovo protective effects of chicoric and rosmarinic acids against Thiacloprid-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and growth retardation on newly hatched chicks. Abou-Zeid, SM; Alagawany, M; Azzam, MM; Di Cerbo, A; El Kholy, MS; Elhady, WM; Farag, MR; Khedr, MHE; Mahdy, EAA; Mawed, SA; Zizzadoro, C, 2023)	1.15
" Grade 3 and above treatment related adverse events occurred in 17 (41%) patients."	( Phase II Study Investigating the Safety and Efficacy of Savolitinib and Durvalumab in Metastatic Papillary Renal Cancer (CALYPSO). Glen, H; Hartmaier, R; Larkin, JMG; Markovets, A; Mendez-Vidal, MJ; Mousa, K; Patel, P; Powles, T; Prendergast, A; Ralph, C; Rodriguez-Vida, A; Srinivasan, G; Suárez, C; Szabados, B; Thistlethwaite, F; Valderrama, BP, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The objective of this study was to develop analytical method based on optimized dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) as a pretreatment procedure combined with reversed phase liquid chromatographic separation on C18 column and isocratic elution for simultaneous MS/MS determination of selected neonicotinoid insecticides in honey."	( Multi-residue method for determination of selected neonicotinoid insecticides in honey using optimized dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Banjac, V; Franko, M; Guzsvány, V; Jovanov, P; Lazić, S; Sakač, M; Šarić, B, 2013)	0.39

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The thiacloprid adult vial bioassay is based on glass vials coated with an oil-dispersion-based formulation of thiacloprid, resulting in a much better bioavailability compared with technical material."	( Pyrethroid resistance and thiacloprid baseline susceptibility of European populations of Meligethes aeneus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) collected in winter oilseed rape. Nauen, R; Zimmer, CT, 2011)	1.18
"Biochars can significantly sorb pesticides, and reduce their bioavailability in agricultural soils."	( Bioavailability assessment of thiacloprid in soil as affected by biochar. Dong, F; Li, Y; Liu, X; Wu, X; Xu, J; Zheng, Y; Zhu, Y, 2017)	0.74
" As sorption measurements on pristine or defecated nano-Al2O3 did not reveal any sorptive interaction with thiacloprid, we can exclude sorption-based reduction of thiacloprid bioavailability as a mechanism behind our results."	( Nano-sized Al2O3 reduces acute toxic effects of thiacloprid on the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius. Anwander, R; Crone, B; Guluzada, L; Haderlein, SB; Huhn, C; Jäger, L; Karst, U; Köhler, HR; Liang, Y; Lorenz, CS; Luo, L; Triebskorn, R; Wicht, AJ, 2017)	0.92
" MPs exhibited negligible impacts on thiacloprid dissipation regardless of MPs type and content, being probably attributed to the unaltered bioavailability of thiacloprid in soil even after an addition of MPs, which was documented by using the hydroxypropyl-β- cyclodextrin (HPCD) extraction method."	( Environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastic exhibits negligible impacts on thiacloprid dissipation and enzyme activity in soil. Li, L; Qian, X; Tang, T; Wang, C; Xu, Z; Zhang, C; Zhao, X, 2020)	1.05

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Recently, similar dose-response characteristics have been established for the toxicity of the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and thiacloprid to arthropods."	( The significance of the Druckrey-Küpfmüller equation for risk assessment--the toxicity of neonicotinoid insecticides to arthropods is reinforced by exposure time. Tennekes, HA, 2010)	0.56

Role	Description
xenobiotic	A xenobiotic (Greek, xenos "foreign"; bios "life") is a compound that is foreign to a living organism. Principal xenobiotics include: drugs, carcinogens and various compounds that have been introduced into the environment by artificial means.
environmental contaminant	Any minor or unwanted substance introduced into the environment that can have undesired effects.
neonicotinoid insectide	A class of neuro-active insecticides that act at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
thiazolidines
nitrile	A compound having the structure RC#N; thus a C-substituted derivative of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N. In systematic nomenclature, the suffix nitrile denotes the triply bound #N atom, not the carbon atom attached to it.
monochloropyridine	A chloropyridine in which only one chlorine is attached to the pyridine ring.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	0.0040	23.8416	100.0000	AID485290
acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.5742	0.0025	41.7960	15,848.9004	AID1347395
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	68.5896	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID1259243
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	38.8952	0.0008	17.5051	59.3239	AID1159527; AID1159531
farnesoid X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.0089	0.3758	27.4851	61.6524	AID588527
pregnane X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	54.2001	0.0054	28.0263	1,258.9301	AID1346982; AID720659
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.6113	0.0003	23.4451	159.6830	AID743065
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Polyphenol oxidase 2	Agaricus bisporus	IC50 (µMol)	1,000.0000	0.0340	3.9871	10.0000	AID1082239
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50 (µMol)	0.8600	0.0000	0.5799	2.6000	AID1101291
Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	120.0000	0.0079	4.7136	7.9000	AID1101295
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Gallus gallus (chicken)	IC50 (µMol)	0.8600	0.8600	1.7300	2.6000	AID344087
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Gallus gallus (chicken)	Ki	0.2400	0.0000	0.3157	0.9700	AID1092036
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-like 2	Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0027	0.0023	0.8531	4.0000	AID1101298
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-like 2	Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)	Ki	0.0012	0.0012	0.5719	2.7000	AID1092037
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	100.0000	0.0020	4.1527	9.9000	AID1101293
Acetylcholine-binding protein	Lymnaea stagnalis (great pond snail)	Ki	0.2200	0.0001	1.8811	28.0000	AID1092034
Soluble acetylcholine receptor	Aplysia californica (California sea hare)	Ki	0.0039	0.0010	1.2276	6.3096	AID1092035
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, Soluble acetylcholine receptor	Aplysia californica (California sea hare)	Kd	0.0140	0.0140	0.0140	0.0140	AID977611
Chain E, Soluble acetylcholine receptor	Aplysia californica (California sea hare)	Kd	0.0140	0.0140	0.0140	0.0140	AID977611
Chain A, Soluble acetylcholine receptor	Aplysia californica (California sea hare)	Kd	0.0140	0.0140	0.0140	0.0140	AID977611
Chain E, Soluble acetylcholine receptor	Aplysia californica (California sea hare)	Kd	0.0140	0.0140	0.0140	0.0140	AID977611
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
neuromuscular synaptic transmission	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular junction development	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
skeletal muscle contraction	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic cation transport	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal action potential	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
muscle cell cellular homeostasis	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
skeletal muscle tissue growth	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
musculoskeletal movement	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular process	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nicotine	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, cholinergic	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Gallus gallus (chicken)
excitatory postsynaptic potential	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Gallus gallus (chicken)
acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Gallus gallus (chicken)
response to nicotine	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Gallus gallus (chicken)
membrane depolarization	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Gallus gallus (chicken)
synaptic transmission, cholinergic	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Gallus gallus (chicken)
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transport	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transport	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, cholinergic	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
learning or memory	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
memory	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
short-term memory	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nicotine	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesis	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse organization	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
cognition	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory processing	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein metabolic process	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane transport	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine organization	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
modulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite arborization	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of amyloid-beta formation	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amyloid-beta	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
response to acetylcholine	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of amyloid fibril formation	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of CoA-transferase activity	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
acetylcholine receptor activity	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activity	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine binding	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activity	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Gallus gallus (chicken)
acetylcholine receptor activity	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Gallus gallus (chicken)
acetylcholine-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activity	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Gallus gallus (chicken)
amyloid-beta binding	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion channel activity	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium channel activity	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine receptor activity	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
toxic substance binding	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel regulator activity	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activity	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine binding	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
neuromuscular junction	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular junction	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine-gated channel complex	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Gallus gallus (chicken)
neuron projection	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Gallus gallus (chicken)
acetylcholine-gated channel complex	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Gallus gallus (chicken)
synapse	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Gallus gallus (chicken)
plasma membrane	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Gallus gallus (chicken)
plasma membrane	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane raft	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine-gated channel complex	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (70)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID318726	Displacement of [3H]EPI from Aplysia AChBP expressed in HEK293S cells by scintillation proximity assay	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, May-22, Volume: 104, Issue:21	Mapping the elusive neonicotinoid binding site.
AID1103888	Toxicity against Metaseiulus occidentalis adults in bean leaf disk infested with two-spotted spider mites assessed as average number of eggs laid (fecundity) at 0.1333 g AI/L treated using worst-case laboratory exposure procedure measured after 24 hr (Rvb	2009	Pest management science, Jun, Volume: 65, Issue:6	Effect of seven new orchard pesticides on Galendromus occidentalis in laboratory studies.
AID1101291	Inhibition of [3H]nicotine binding to alpha4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in Mus musculus (mouse) M10 cells co-expressing beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits	2000	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec, Volume: 48, Issue:12	Neonicotinoid insecticides: molecular features conferring selectivity for insect versus mammalian nicotinic receptors.
AID1103859	Toxicity against Metaseiulus occidentalis adults in bean leaf disk infested with two-spotted spider mites assessed as repellency at 0.1333 g AI/L treated using worst-case laboratory exposure procedure measured after 72 hr (Rvb = 16.1%)	2009	Pest management science, Jun, Volume: 65, Issue:6	Effect of seven new orchard pesticides on Galendromus occidentalis in laboratory studies.
AID1082239	Inhibition of Agaricus bisporus (mushroom) tyrosinase	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, May-11, Volume: 59, Issue:9	Neonicotinoid insecticides: oxidative stress in planta and metallo-oxidase inhibition.
AID1101020	Displacement of [3H]IMI from nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in Drosophila melanogaster head membrane after 90 min by filter binding assay	2000	Journal of neurochemistry, Sep, Volume: 75, Issue:3	Insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: conserved neonicotinoid specificity of [(3)H]imidacloprid binding site.
AID1111952	Insecticidal activity against imidacloprid-resistant Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) in cotton leaves assessed as mortality measured after 72 hr by dipping method	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Toxicities and sublethal effects of seven neonicotinoid insecticides on survival, growth and reproduction of imidacloprid-resistant cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii.
AID1112796	Insecticidal activity against Frankliniella occidentalis SPI5 (western flower thrips) in compound treated sweet pepper leaf assessed as mortality at 216 mg/l at 25 +/- 2 degC by leaf dip method	2013	Pest management science, Feb, Volume: 69, Issue:2	Thiamethoxam acts as a target-site synergist of spinosad in resistant strains of Frankliniella occidentalis.
AID1101296	Toxicity against Musca domestica (house fly) dosed with compound through intra-thoracic injection pre-treated with 100 ug/g metabolic detoxification inhibitor O-propyl O-(2-propynyl)phenylphosphonate	2000	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec, Volume: 48, Issue:12	Neonicotinoid insecticides: molecular features conferring selectivity for insect versus mammalian nicotinic receptors.
AID1111948	Insecticidal activity against imidacloprid-resistant Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) in cotton leaves assessed as longevity at LC20 concentration	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Toxicities and sublethal effects of seven neonicotinoid insecticides on survival, growth and reproduction of imidacloprid-resistant cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii.
AID1111955	Insecticidal activity against imidacloprid-resistant Aphis gossypii RF45 (cotton aphid) in cotton leaves assessed as mortality measured after 48 hr by dipping method	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Toxicities and sublethal effects of seven neonicotinoid insecticides on survival, growth and reproduction of imidacloprid-resistant cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii.
AID1081938	Displacement of fluorescent probe 1-NPN from Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) recombinant OBP3 by competitive binding assay	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 59, Issue:6	New analogues of (E)-β-farnesene with insecticidal activity and binding affinity to aphid odorant-binding proteins.
AID1082240	Phytotoxicity against Vitis vinifera seedlings assessed as lesions at 50 to 100 ppm after 9 days	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, May-11, Volume: 59, Issue:9	Neonicotinoid insecticides: oxidative stress in planta and metallo-oxidase inhibition.
AID1104202	Insecticidal activity against adult female imidacloprid-resistant Bemisia tabaci B-biotype NJ-Imi (sweet potato whitefly) (G30) in cotton leaf discs assessed as mortality treated for 10 secs prior to adult infestation measured after 72 hr by leaf-dip bioa	2009	Pest management science, Nov, Volume: 65, Issue:11	Cross-resistance, inheritance and biochemical mechanisms of imidacloprid resistance in B-biotype Bemisia tabaci.
AID344090	Lipophilicity, log P of the compound	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	Potency and selectivity of trifluoroacetylimino and pyrazinoylimino nicotinic insecticides and their fit at a unique binding site niche.
AID1104204	Insecticidal activity against adult female imidacloprid-susceptible Bemisia tabaci B-biotype NJ (sweet potato whitefly) in cotton leaf discs assessed as mortality treated for 10 secs prior to adult infestation measured after 72 hr by leaf-dip bioassay	2009	Pest management science, Nov, Volume: 65, Issue:11	Cross-resistance, inheritance and biochemical mechanisms of imidacloprid resistance in B-biotype Bemisia tabaci.
AID1082242	Phytotoxicity against Gossypium hirsutum (cotton) seedlings assessed as lesions at 50 to 100 ppm after 9 days	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, May-11, Volume: 59, Issue:9	Neonicotinoid insecticides: oxidative stress in planta and metallo-oxidase inhibition.
AID344089	Ratio of IC50 for Drosophila nAChR to chick alpha4beta2 nAChR	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	Potency and selectivity of trifluoroacetylimino and pyrazinoylimino nicotinic insecticides and their fit at a unique binding site niche.
AID1103876	Toxicity against Metaseiulus occidentalis adults in bean leaf disk infested with two-spotted spider mites assessed as average number of eggs laid (fecundity) at 0.1333 g AI/L treated using worst-case laboratory exposure procedure measured after 72 hr (Rvb	2009	Pest management science, Jun, Volume: 65, Issue:6	Effect of seven new orchard pesticides on Galendromus occidentalis in laboratory studies.
AID1101289	Retention time under acidic conditions using H20/MeOH mobile phase containing 0.1% TFA (1:1) by HPLC method	2000	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec, Volume: 48, Issue:12	Neonicotinoid insecticides: molecular features conferring selectivity for insect versus mammalian nicotinic receptors.
AID1103882	Toxicity against Metaseiulus occidentalis adults in bean leaf disk infested with two-spotted spider mites assessed as average number of eggs laid (fecundity) at 0.1333 g AI/L treated using worst-case laboratory exposure procedure measured after 48 hr (Rvb	2009	Pest management science, Jun, Volume: 65, Issue:6	Effect of seven new orchard pesticides on Galendromus occidentalis in laboratory studies.
AID344086	Displacement of [3H]IMI from peach-potato aphid alpha2/rat beta2 nAChR hybrid recombinant receptor	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	Potency and selectivity of trifluoroacetylimino and pyrazinoylimino nicotinic insecticides and their fit at a unique binding site niche.
AID1103911	Ovicidal activity against Metaseiulus occidentalis eggs in bean leaf disk infested with two-spotted spider mites assessed as corrected cumulative mortality at 480 g/L SC formulation treated using worst-case laboratory exposure procedure measured after 144	2009	Pest management science, Jun, Volume: 65, Issue:6	Effect of seven new orchard pesticides on Galendromus occidentalis in laboratory studies.
AID344082	Displacement of [3H]IMI from nAChR in Drosophila brain	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	Potency and selectivity of trifluoroacetylimino and pyrazinoylimino nicotinic insecticides and their fit at a unique binding site niche.
AID1111949	Insecticidal activity against imidacloprid-resistant Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) in cotton leaves assessed as inhibition of honeydew excretion at LC20 concentration measured after 72 hr by dipping method	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Toxicities and sublethal effects of seven neonicotinoid insecticides on survival, growth and reproduction of imidacloprid-resistant cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii.
AID1111951	Insecticidal activity against imidacloprid-resistant Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) in cotton leaves assessed as reduction in body weight at LC20 concentration measured after 48 hr by dipping method (Rvb = 0.36 +/- 0.0006 mg/aphid)	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Toxicities and sublethal effects of seven neonicotinoid insecticides on survival, growth and reproduction of imidacloprid-resistant cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii.
AID1103871	Toxicity against Metaseiulus occidentalis adults in bean leaf disk infested with two-spotted spider mites assessed as repellency at 0.1333 g AI/L treated using worst-case laboratory exposure procedure measured after 24 hr (Rvb = 3.6%)	2009	Pest management science, Jun, Volume: 65, Issue:6	Effect of seven new orchard pesticides on Galendromus occidentalis in laboratory studies.
AID1112797	Insecticidal activity against Frankliniella occidentalis TFA (western flower thrips) in compound treated sweet pepper leaf assessed as mortality at 216 mg/l at 25 +/- 2 degC by leaf dip method	2013	Pest management science, Feb, Volume: 69, Issue:2	Thiamethoxam acts as a target-site synergist of spinosad in resistant strains of Frankliniella occidentalis.
AID1103865	Toxicity against Metaseiulus occidentalis adults in bean leaf disk infested with two-spotted spider mites assessed as repellency at 0.1333 g AI/L treated using worst-case laboratory exposure procedure measured after 48 hr (Rvb = 13.6%)	2009	Pest management science, Jun, Volume: 65, Issue:6	Effect of seven new orchard pesticides on Galendromus occidentalis in laboratory studies.
AID1092036	Binding affinity to recombinant Gallus gallus (chicken) alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor assessed as [3H]NIC binding by radioligand binding assay	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-13, Volume: 59, Issue:7	Unique neonicotinoid binding conformations conferring selective receptor interactions.
AID1092035	Binding affinity to salt water mollusc Aplysia californica AChBP Y55W mutant assessed as [3H]acetamiprid binding by radioligand binding assay	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-13, Volume: 59, Issue:7	Unique neonicotinoid binding conformations conferring selective receptor interactions.
AID1082231	Inhibition of Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) AOX in liver cytosol at IC50 concentration	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, May-11, Volume: 59, Issue:9	Neonicotinoid insecticides: oxidative stress in planta and metallo-oxidase inhibition.
AID1103905	Toxicity against Metaseiulus occidentalis adults in bean leaf disk infested with two-spotted spider mites assessed as corrected mortality at 2x0.1600 g AI/L treated using worst-case laboratory exposure procedure measured after 72 hr	2009	Pest management science, Jun, Volume: 65, Issue:6	Effect of seven new orchard pesticides on Galendromus occidentalis in laboratory studies.
AID1092034	Binding affinity to freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis AChBP assessed as [3H]EPI binding by radioligand binding assay	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-13, Volume: 59, Issue:7	Unique neonicotinoid binding conformations conferring selective receptor interactions.
AID1082241	Phytotoxicity against Zea mays (maize) seedlings assessed as lesions at 50 to 100 ppm after 9 days	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, May-11, Volume: 59, Issue:9	Neonicotinoid insecticides: oxidative stress in planta and metallo-oxidase inhibition.
AID1082232	Inhibition of xanthine oxidase at IC50 concentration	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, May-11, Volume: 59, Issue:9	Neonicotinoid insecticides: oxidative stress in planta and metallo-oxidase inhibition.
AID1112898	Resistance index, ratio of LC50 for neonicotinoid-resistant Myzus persicae FRC-P (green peach aphid) to LC50 for Myzus persicae 4106A	2013	Pest management science, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Investigating the mode of action of sulfoxaflor: a fourth-generation neonicotinoid.
AID1101298	Inhibition of [3H]IMI binding to Drosophila melanogaster neuronal acetylcholine receptor	2000	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec, Volume: 48, Issue:12	Neonicotinoid insecticides: molecular features conferring selectivity for insect versus mammalian nicotinic receptors.
AID1082233	Inhibition of Agaricus bisporus (mushroom) tyrosinase at IC50 concentration	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, May-11, Volume: 59, Issue:9	Neonicotinoid insecticides: oxidative stress in planta and metallo-oxidase inhibition.
AID1101292	Inhibition of [3H]nicotine binding to alpha3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in Homo sapiens (human) SH-SY5Y cells co-expressing beta2beta4alpha5 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits	2000	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec, Volume: 48, Issue:12	Neonicotinoid insecticides: molecular features conferring selectivity for insect versus mammalian nicotinic receptors.
AID1092037	Binding affinity to Drosophila brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor assessed as [3H]IMI binding by radioligand binding assay	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-13, Volume: 59, Issue:7	Unique neonicotinoid binding conformations conferring selective receptor interactions.
AID1112900	Insecticidal activity against neonicotinoid-resistant Myzus persicae FRC-P (green peach aphid) fed on compound treated chinese cabbage discs after 72 hr	2013	Pest management science, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Investigating the mode of action of sulfoxaflor: a fourth-generation neonicotinoid.
AID1101295	Inhibition of [3H]alpha-BGT binding to alpha1 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in Homo sapiens (human) TE671 cells co-expressing gammaalpha1deltabeta1 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits	2000	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec, Volume: 48, Issue:12	Neonicotinoid insecticides: molecular features conferring selectivity for insect versus mammalian nicotinic receptors.
AID344087	Displacement of [3H]nicotine from chick alpha4beta2 nAChR	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	Potency and selectivity of trifluoroacetylimino and pyrazinoylimino nicotinic insecticides and their fit at a unique binding site niche.
AID1082244	Phytotoxicity against Glycine max (soybean) seedlings assessed as lesions in unfoliolate leaves at 100 ppm after 9 days	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, May-11, Volume: 59, Issue:9	Neonicotinoid insecticides: oxidative stress in planta and metallo-oxidase inhibition.
AID1101288	Retention time under basic conditions using 20 mM Na2HPO4 (pH9.9)/MeOH (1:1) mobile phase by HPLC method	2000	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec, Volume: 48, Issue:12	Neonicotinoid insecticides: molecular features conferring selectivity for insect versus mammalian nicotinic receptors.
AID1103908	Toxicity against Metaseiulus occidentalis adults in bean leaf disk infested with two-spotted spider mites assessed as corrected mortality at 4x0.1600 g AI/L treated using worst-case laboratory exposure procedure measured after 72 hr	2009	Pest management science, Jun, Volume: 65, Issue:6	Effect of seven new orchard pesticides on Galendromus occidentalis in laboratory studies.
AID1082237	Inhibition of xanthine oxidase	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, May-11, Volume: 59, Issue:9	Neonicotinoid insecticides: oxidative stress in planta and metallo-oxidase inhibition.
AID1112899	Insecticidal activity against Myzus persicae 4106A (green peach aphid) fed on compound treated chinese cabbage discs after 72 hr	2013	Pest management science, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Investigating the mode of action of sulfoxaflor: a fourth-generation neonicotinoid.
AID1111954	Resistance ratio, LC50 for Aphis gossypii RF45 (cotton aphid) to LC50 for Aphis gossypii SS	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Toxicities and sublethal effects of seven neonicotinoid insecticides on survival, growth and reproduction of imidacloprid-resistant cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii.
AID1103900	Toxicity against Metaseiulus occidentalis adults in bean leaf disk infested with two-spotted spider mites assessed as corrected mortality at 0.1600 g AI/L treated using worst-case laboratory exposure procedure measured after 72 hr	2009	Pest management science, Jun, Volume: 65, Issue:6	Effect of seven new orchard pesticides on Galendromus occidentalis in laboratory studies.
AID1111956	Insecticidal activity against Aphis gossypii SS (cotton aphid) in cotton leaves assessed as mortality measured after 48 hr by dipping method	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Toxicities and sublethal effects of seven neonicotinoid insecticides on survival, growth and reproduction of imidacloprid-resistant cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii.
AID344083	Insecticidal activity against houseflies	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	Potency and selectivity of trifluoroacetylimino and pyrazinoylimino nicotinic insecticides and their fit at a unique binding site niche.
AID344091	Insecticidal activity against intrathoracically dosed houseflies at >10 um/g	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	Potency and selectivity of trifluoroacetylimino and pyrazinoylimino nicotinic insecticides and their fit at a unique binding site niche.
AID344080	Toxicity in ip dosed Swiss Webster mouse	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	Potency and selectivity of trifluoroacetylimino and pyrazinoylimino nicotinic insecticides and their fit at a unique binding site niche.
AID1112798	Insecticidal activity against Frankliniella occidentalis R1 (western flower thrips) in compound treated sweet pepper leaf assessed as mortality at 216 mg/l at 25 +/- 2 degC by leaf dip method	2013	Pest management science, Feb, Volume: 69, Issue:2	Thiamethoxam acts as a target-site synergist of spinosad in resistant strains of Frankliniella occidentalis.
AID1111947	Insecticidal activity against imidacloprid-resistant Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) in cotton leaves assessed as fecundity at LC20 concentration	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Toxicities and sublethal effects of seven neonicotinoid insecticides on survival, growth and reproduction of imidacloprid-resistant cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii.
AID1104200	Resistance factor, ratio of LC50 for adult female Bemisia tabaci B-biotype NJ-Imi (sweet potato whitefly) (G30) to LC50 for adult female B-type Bemisia tabaci NJ	2009	Pest management science, Nov, Volume: 65, Issue:11	Cross-resistance, inheritance and biochemical mechanisms of imidacloprid resistance in B-biotype Bemisia tabaci.
AID1101293	Inhibition of [3H]alpha-BGT binding to alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in Homo sapiens (human) SH-SY5Y cells	2000	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec, Volume: 48, Issue:12	Neonicotinoid insecticides: molecular features conferring selectivity for insect versus mammalian nicotinic receptors.
AID318725	Displacement of [3H]ACE from Aplysia AChBP expressed in HEK293S cells by scintillation proximity assay	2007	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, May-22, Volume: 104, Issue:21	Mapping the elusive neonicotinoid binding site.
AID1112902	Displacement of [3H]IMD from nAChR in Myzus persicae 4106A (green peach aphid) membrane after 70 min	2013	Pest management science, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Investigating the mode of action of sulfoxaflor: a fourth-generation neonicotinoid.
AID1101290	Retention time under neutral conditions using H20/MeOH (1:1) mobile phase by HPLC method	2000	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec, Volume: 48, Issue:12	Neonicotinoid insecticides: molecular features conferring selectivity for insect versus mammalian nicotinic receptors.
AID1112799	Insecticidal activity against Frankliniella occidentalis TFB (western flower thrips) in compound treated sweet pepper leaf assessed as mortality at 216 mg/l at 25 +/- 2 degC by leaf dip method	2013	Pest management science, Feb, Volume: 69, Issue:2	Thiamethoxam acts as a target-site synergist of spinosad in resistant strains of Frankliniella occidentalis.
AID1111953	Insecticidal activity against imidacloprid-resistant Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) in cotton leaves assessed as reduction in body weight at LC20 concentration measured after 24 hr by dipping method (Rvb = 0.33 +/- 0.0004 mg/aphid)	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Toxicities and sublethal effects of seven neonicotinoid insecticides on survival, growth and reproduction of imidacloprid-resistant cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii.
AID1101023	Displacement of [3H]IMI from nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) whole body membrane after 90 min by filter binding assay	2000	Journal of neurochemistry, Sep, Volume: 75, Issue:3	Insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: conserved neonicotinoid specificity of [(3)H]imidacloprid binding site.
AID1082238	Inhibition of Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) AOX in liver cytosol	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, May-11, Volume: 59, Issue:9	Neonicotinoid insecticides: oxidative stress in planta and metallo-oxidase inhibition.
AID1101297	Toxicity in ip dosed Mus musculus (mouse)	2000	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec, Volume: 48, Issue:12	Neonicotinoid insecticides: molecular features conferring selectivity for insect versus mammalian nicotinic receptors.
AID1111950	Insecticidal activity against imidacloprid-resistant Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) in cotton leaves assessed as reduction in body weight at LC20 concentration measured after 72 hr by dipping method (Rvb = 0.40 +/- 0.0002 mg/aphid)	2011	Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12	Toxicities and sublethal effects of seven neonicotinoid insecticides on survival, growth and reproduction of imidacloprid-resistant cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii.
AID1112903	Displacement of [3H]-methyl-SFX from nAChR in Myzus persicae 4106A (green peach aphid) membrane after 70 min	2013	Pest management science, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Investigating the mode of action of sulfoxaflor: a fourth-generation neonicotinoid.
AID977611	Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB	2008	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, May-27, Volume: 105, Issue:21	Atomic interactions of neonicotinoid agonists with AChBP: molecular recognition of the distinctive electronegative pharmacophore.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	40 (14.08)	29.6817
2010's	157 (55.28)	24.3611
2020's	87 (30.63)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	1 (0.35%)	5.53%
Reviews	3 (1.06%)	6.00%
Case Studies	1 (0.35%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	279 (98.24%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	2.41	1	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde [no description available]	2.06	1	hydroxybenzaldehyde	EC 1.14.17.1 (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
benzaldehyde [no description available]	2.06	1	benzaldehydes	EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; fragrance; odorant receptor agonist; plant metabolite
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	2.06	1	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	2.8	3	amino-acid anion
diethyl phosphate diethyl phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. diethyl hydrogen phosphate : A dialkyl phosphate having ethyl as the alkyl group.	2.11	1	dialkyl phosphate	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.1	1	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	2.76	3	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	2.83	3	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	2.06	1	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
parathion [no description available]	2.04	1	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.	2.03	1	azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines	environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
epibatidine [no description available]	2.72	3	alkaloid
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.	2.06	1	guanidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
atrazine [no description available]	2.13	1	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
azinphosmethyl Azinphosmethyl: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.. azinphos-methyl : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,3-benzotriazine substituted by an oxo group at position 4 and a [(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at position 3.	7.45	2	benzotriazines; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	3.47	7	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
cypermethrin cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45.	7.83	3	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound	agrochemical; molluscicide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
diazinon Diazinon: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide.. diazinon : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	7.74	3	organic thiophosphate; pyrimidines	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; nematicide; xenobiotic
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	2.04	1	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
diuron Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.	2.02	1	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; dichlorobenzene	environmental contaminant; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; photosystem-II inhibitor; urea herbicide; xenobiotic
fipronil fipronil: has low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source. fipronil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fipronil.. 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl, and amino groups, respectively.	8.18	5	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; dichlorobenzene; nitrile; primary amino compound; pyrazoles; sulfoxide
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.	3.23	1	carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound
kojic acid [no description available]	2.06	1	4-pyranones; enol; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor; NF-kappaB inhibitor; skin lightening agent
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	2.06	1	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
mecamylamine Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.	2	1	primary aliphatic amine
methomyl Methomyl: A carbamate insecticide with anticholinesterase activity.. methomyl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of methylcarbamic acid with the hydroxy group of 1-(methylsulfanyl)acetaldoxime.	2.05	1	aliphatic sulfide; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; nematicide; xenobiotic
phosalone phosalone: structure. phosalone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles carrying a [(diethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at the nitrogen atom, an oxo group at position 2 and a chloro group at position 6. It is an organothiophosphate insecticide.	2.03	1	1,3-benzoxazoles; carbamate ester; organochlorine insecticide; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.	7.6	1	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
propoxur Propoxur: A carbamate insecticide.. propoxur : A carbamate ester that is phenyl methylcarbamate substituted at position 2 by a propan-2-yloxy group.	2.04	1	aromatic ether; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
raloxifene raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively.	2.06	1	1-benzothiophenes; aromatic ketone; N-oxyethylpiperidine; phenols	bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
piperonyl butoxide [no description available]	2.47	2	benzodioxoles	pesticide synergist
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	2.15	1	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	2.13	1	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.	2.06	1	carbamate ester; naphthalenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	2	1	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.1	1	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
dinoseb dinoseb: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. dinoseb : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-dinoseb.. 2-(butan-2-yl)-4,6-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol that is 2,4-dinitrophenol substituted by a butan-2-yl group at position 2.	2.08	1	dinitrophenol
salicylaldehyde o-hydroxybenzaldehyde: structure in first source	2.06	1	hydroxybenzaldehyde	nematicide; plant metabolite
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.87	3	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.	2.06	1	aldehyde; furans	Maillard reaction product; metabolite
tetrahydrofuran oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen.	2.03	1	cyclic ether; oxolanes; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; volatile organic compound	polar aprotic solvent
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	2.31	1	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
captan Captan: One of the phthalimide fungicides.. captan : A dicarboximide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethyl group. A non-systemic fungicide introduced in the 1950s, it is widely used for the control of fungal diseases in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops.	7.31	1	isoindoles; organochlorine compound; organosulfur compound; phthalimide fungicide	antifungal agrochemical
potassium cyanide [no description available]	2.06	1	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	2.48	2	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	6.74	68	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	2.46	2	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
linuron Linuron: A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). linuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3.	2.6	1	dichlorobenzene; phenylureas	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
butenolide butenolide: inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. butenolide : A gamma-lactone that consists of a 2-furanone skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	2.17	1	butenolide
3-pyridinaldehyde pyridine-3-carbaldehyde : A pyridinecarbaldehyde that is pyridine substituted by a formyl group at position 3.	2.06	1	pyridinecarbaldehyde
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	3.13	4	dialdehyde	biomarker
dimethyl phosphate dimethyl phosphate: excreted in urine after exposure to mevinphos; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.11	1	dialkyl phosphate
isoprocarb [no description available]	2.13	1	carbamate ester	agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.	2.07	1	carbon oxoanion
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	7.41	1	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
terbium Terbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.	7.21	1	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	2.05	1	titanium group element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	2.25	1	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
nickel chloride nickel chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Cl2. nickel dichloride : A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.	2.46	2	nickel coordination entity	calcium channel blocker; hapten
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	2.03	1	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	7.05	1	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	2.05	1	titanium oxides	food colouring
carbamothioic acid, s,s'-(2-(dimethylamino)-1,3-propanediyl) ester carbamothioic acid, S,S'-(2-(dimethylamino)-1,3-propanediyl) ester: RN given refers to parent cpd; Padan refers to mono-HCl	2.05	1	nereistoxin analogue insecticide
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2	1	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.59	2	benzenes; phenyl acetates
pirimicarb pirimicarb: structure. pirimicarb : An aminopyrimidine that is N,N,4,5-tetramethylpyrimidin-2-amine substituted by a (dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy group at position 4.	2.58	2	aminopyrimidine; carbamate ester; tertiary amino compound	agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.25	1	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).	2.06	1	inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen
pirimiphos methyl pirimiphos methyl: structure. pirimiphos-methyl : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-pyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a diethylamino group at position 2.	2.08	1	aminopyrimidine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide
7-ethoxycoumarin 7-ethoxycoumarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is umbelliferone in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by an ethoxy group.	2.08	1	aromatic ether; coumarins
amitraz amitraz: ixodicide (tick control); structure. amitraz : A tertiary amino compound that is 1,3,5-triazapenta-1,4-diene substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and 2,4-dimethylphenyl groups at positions 1 and 5.	2.21	1	formamidines; tertiary amino compound	acaricide; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
diflubenzuron Diflubenzuron: An insect growth regulator which interferes with the formation of the insect cuticle. It is effective in the control of mosquitoes and flies.. diflubenzuron : A benzoylurea insecticide that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced bgy a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group.	2.03	1	benzoylurea insecticide; monochlorobenzenes	insect sterilant
enilconazole enilconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. enilconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-enilconazole. A fungicide used to control a wide range of fungi including Tilletia and Helminthosporium spp. on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals. In veterinary medicine, it is used topically for the treatment of fungal skin infections in cattle, dogs, and horses; it is also used by inhalation for the treatment of aspergillosis in ostriches.. 1-[2-(allyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles in which the hydrogen at position 1 is replaced by a 2-(allyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group.	2.69	2	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
pendimethalin pendimethalin : A member of the class of substituted anilines that is N-(pentan-3-yl)aniline bearing two additional nitro substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as two methyl substituents at positions 3 and 4. A herbicide used to control most annual grasses and many annual broad-leaved weeds.	7.15	1	C-nitro compound; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide
permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141	2.45	2	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes	agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide
decamethrin decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	3.76	9	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organobromine compound	agrochemical; antifeedant; calcium channel agonist; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; pyrethroid ester insecticide
fenarimol fenarimol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fenarimol. A sterol demethylation inhibitor, it is used as a fungicide for the treatment of blackspot, mildew and rust in tomatoes, peppers and melons, but is not approved for use within the European Union.. (2-chlorophenyl)(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimidin-5-ylmethanol : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidin-5-ylmethanol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-chlorophenyl group while the other is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group.	7.52	2	monochlorobenzenes; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	2	1	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
buprofezin buprofezin: tradename - Applaud; used for the control of homopterous insect pests; structure given in first source. (E)-buprofezin : A 2-(tert-butylimino)-5-phenyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-4-one in which the C=N double bond has E configuration.. buprofezin : A 2-(tert-butylimino)-5-phenyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-4-one in which the C=N double bond has Z configuration.	2.13	1	thiadiazinane; ureas
fluvalinate fluvalinate: RN given refers to 2-cyano isomer (DL)-isomer	2.11	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; organochlorine acaricide; organochlorine insecticide; organofluorine acaricide; organofluorine insecticide	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
fenoxycarb fenoxycarb: used against mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae); structure given in first source. fenoxycarb : A carbamate ester that is the O-ethyl carbamate of 2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethylamine.	2.03	1	aromatic ether; carbamate ester	environmental contaminant; insecticide; juvenile hormone mimic; xenobiotic
fluroxypyr methylheptyl ester fluroxypyr methylheptyl ester: XRM-5084 is made up of 34.9% fluroxypyr methylheptyl ester and 65.1% proprietary emulsifier; used for the control of broadleaf vegetation	2.6	1
acetamidine acetamidine: bovine trypsin inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.06	1	carboxamidine
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	4.08	4	1,2,3-triazole
ethofenprox ethofenprox: synthetic pyrethroid for insecticidal efficacy against mosquito larvae & on non-target organisms. etofenprox : An aromatic ether that is the 3-phenoxybenzyl ether of 2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-ol.	2.13	1	aromatic ether	pyrethroid ether insecticide
prochloraz Mirage: a feldspathic porcelain that can be etched & bonded to the tooth. prochloraz : A member of the class of ureas that is 1H-imidazole-1-carboxamide substituted by a propyl and a 2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl group at the amino nitrogen atom. A fungicide active against a wide range of diseases affecting field crops, fruit, turf and vegetables.	2.76	2	amide fungicide; aromatic ether; conazole fungicide; imidazole fungicide; imidazoles; trichlorobenzene; ureas	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
4-chlorosalicylic acid [no description available]	2.06	1
6-chloronicotinic acid [no description available]	2.06	1	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
tebuconazole Lynx: A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising felines with long legs, ear tufts, and a short tail.. 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is pentan-3-ol substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl, methyl, methyl, and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl at positions 1, 4, 4 and 3 respectively.. tebuconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tebuconazole. A fungicide effective against various smut and bunt diseases in cereals and other field crops.	8.86	3	monochlorobenzenes; tertiary alcohol; triazoles
cyproconazole cyproconazole: inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis in fungi. cyproconazole : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of the enantiomeric pair (2R,3S)- and (2S,3R)-cyproconazole in ratio 1:1 with the enantiomeric pair (2R,3R)- and (2S,3S)-cyproconazole. A broad spectrum fungicide, it is used on cereals and other field crops used to control Septoria, rust, powdery mildew and other diseases.. 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-cyclopropyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is butan-2-ol substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group at position 2, a cyclopropyl group at position 3 and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group at position 1.	7.6	1	cyclopropanes; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary alcohol; triazoles
difenoconazole difenoconazole : A member of the class of dioxolanes that is 1,3-dioxolane substituted at position 2 by 2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl and 1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl groups. A broad spectrum fungicide with novel broad-range activity used as a spray or seed treatment. It is moderately toxic to humans, mammals, birds and most aquatic organisms.	2.05	1	aromatic ether; conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dioxolane; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cyprodinil cyprodinil: structure in first source. cyprodinil : A member of the class of aminopyrimidine that is N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying additional cyclopropyl and methyl substituents at positions 4 and 6 respectively. A broad spectrum fungicide used to control a range of pathogens including Tapesia yallundae, Botrytis spp., Alternaria spp. and Rhynchospium secalis. Whilst it is a recognised irritant no serious human health concerns have been identified. It is moderately toxic to birds as well as most aquatic organisms and earthworms, but it is not considered toxic to honeybees.	7.31	1	aminopyrimidine; anilinopyrimidine fungicide; cyclopropanes; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	3.65	9	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
teflubenzuron teflubenzuron: effective against development of house fly larvae (Musca domestica). teflubenzuron : A N-acylurea that is N-carbamoyl-2,6-difluorobenzamide substituted by a 3,5-dichloro-2,4-difluorophenyl group at the terminal nitrogen atom.	2.6	1	dichlorobenzene; difluorobenzene; N-acylurea	environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
pyriproxyfen pyriproxyfen: an insect growth regulator; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pyriproxyfen : An aromatic ether that consists of propylene glycol having a 2-pyridyl group at the O-1 position and a 4-phenoxyphenyl group at the O-3 position.	7.46	2	aromatic ether; pyridines	juvenile hormone mimic
tebufenozide tebufenozide: structure given in first source. tebufenozide : A carbohydrazide that is hydrazine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by tert-butyl, 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl and 4-ethylbenzoyl groups respectively. It is an insecticide used widely against caterpillars.	2.06	1	carbohydrazide	ecdysone agonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
acequinocyl acequinocyl: structure in first source. acequinocyl : An acetate ester consisting of 1,4-naphthoquinone bearing acetoxy and dodecyl substituents at positions 2 and 3 respectively.	2.13	1	1,4-naphthoquinones; acetate ester	acaricide; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor
novaluron novaluron: insecticide	7.17	1	aromatic ether; benzoylurea insecticide; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound
methoxyfenozide methoxyfenozide: structure in first source. methoxyfenozide : A carbohydrazide that is hydrazine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by 3-methoxy-2-methylbenzoyl, 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl, and tert-butyl groups respectively.	2.46	2	carbohydrazide; monomethoxybenzene	environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
epibatidine epibatidine: a powerful, though toxic, pain killer produced by the poison arrow frog, Epipedobates tricolor; structure given in first source; more potent than morphine but acts at nicotine rather than opiate receptors	2.42	2
thiamethoxam Thiamethoxam: A nitro-oxazine and thiazole derivative that is used as a broad spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide.. thiamethoxam : An oxadiazane that is tetrahydro-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-imine bearing (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively.	6.58	57	1,3-thiazoles; 2-nitroguanidine derivative; organochlorine compound; oxadiazane	antifeedant; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
indoxacarb indoxacarb: oxadiazine insecticide; structure in first source. insecticide : Strictly, a substance intended to kill members of the class Insecta. In common usage, any substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling or controlling insects.	2.75	3	methyl ester; organochlorine insecticide	voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
borneo Borneo: An island in the Malay Archipelago, east of Sumatra, north of Java, and west of Celebes. It is the third largest island in the world. Its name is a Portuguese alteration of BRUNEI, located on it. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p163; Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p73)	2.13	1	organofluorine acaricide
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	2.05	1	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
spirodiclofen spirodiclofen: an acaricide	2.05	1	dichlorobenzene; gamma-lactone; organochlorine acaricide; oxaspiro compound
imidaclothiz imidaclothiz: an insecticide; structure in first source	3.38	6
scorpions [no description available]	2.96	4	dinotefuran; oxolanes	neonicotinoid insectide
anabasine Anabasine: A piperidine botanical insecticide.. (S)-anabasine : The (S)-enantiomer of anabasine.. anabasine : A pyridine alkaloid that is pyridine substituted by a piperidin-2-yl group at position 3.	3.76	10	anabasine
prizes acetamiprid: structure in first source. (E)-acetamiprid : The (E)-stereoisomer of acetamiprid.. acetamiprid : A carboxamidine that is acetamidine in which the amino hydrogens are substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl and a methyl group while the hydrogen attached to the imino nitrogen is replaced by a cyano group.	7.24	68	carboxamidine; monochloropyridine; nitrile	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
imidazolidines [no description available]	2.05	1	azacycloalkane; imidazolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
oxazolidine oxazolidine: structure given in first source	2.05	1	oxazolidine
2-mercaptonicotinic acid 2-mercaptonicotinic acid: structure given in first source	2.06	1
6-mercapto-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid 6-mercapto-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid: structure given in first source	2.06	1
dieldrin Dieldrin: An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB). dieldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin.	2.04	1	epoxide; organochlorine compound; organochlorine insecticide	carcinogenic agent; xenobiotic
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	2.15	1
nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.	2.41	1	nitrogen oxide
nitenpyram nitenpyram: a nitromethylene neonicotinoid insecticide; structure in first source. (E)-nitenpyram : A nitenpyram in which the double bond has E configuration.. nitenpyram : A C-nitro compound consisting of 2-nitroethene-1,1-diamine where one of the nitrogens bears ethyl and (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl while the other nitrogen carries a methyl group.	4.39	19	chloropyridyl insecticide; nitenpyram
diethyl maleate diethyl maleate : A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with ethanol. A colourless liquid at room temperature (m.p. -10degreeC) with boiling point 220degreeC at 1 atm., it is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis.	2.6	1	ethyl ester; maleate ester	glutathione depleting agent
astaxanthine astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.	2.31	1	carotenol; carotenone	animal metabolite; anticoagulant; antioxidant; food colouring; plant metabolite
azadirachtin azadirachtin A : A member of the family of azadirachtins that is isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica).. azadirachtin : A family of terpenoids isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica).	2.13	1	acetate ester; azadirachtin; cyclic hemiketal; enoate ester; epoxide; methyl ester; organic heterotetracyclic compound; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol	hepatoprotective agent
cyhalothrin cyhalothrin: acaricidal & insecticidal synthetic pyrethroid; structure given in first source. cyhalothrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.	8.11	4	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	2.63	2	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	2.21	1	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
thiamethoxam [no description available]	3.32	6
pyrachlostrobin pyraclostrobin : A carbamate ester that is the methyl ester of [2-({[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}methyl)phenyl]methoxycarbamic acid. A fungicide used to control major plant pathogens including Septoria tritici, Puccinia spp. and Pyrenophora teres.	2.11	1	aromatic ether; carbamate ester; carbanilate fungicide; methoxycarbanilate strobilurin antifungal agent; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor; xenobiotic
bifenthrin bifenthrin: a type I pyrethroid. bifenthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and [(2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl]methanol.. kappa-bifenthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (1R,3R)-3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of [(2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl]methanol.	2.55	2	carboxylic ester; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
aldicarb Aldicarb: Carbamate derivative used as an insecticide, acaricide, and nematocide.. aldicarb : The oxime carbamate resulting from the addition of 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)propanaldoxime to methyl isocyanate. A member of the class of oxime carbamate insecticides, aldicarb is a mixture of E and Z isomers; it is not known which isomer is more active.	2.08	1
fenpyroximate fenpyroximate: structure in first source	7.17	1	pyrazole acaricide; tert-butyl ester	mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor
flonicamid flonicamid: an insecticide; structure in first source. flonicamid : A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide substituted by a trifluoromethyl group at position 4 and a cyanomethyl group at the carbamoyl nitrogen atom.	2.55	2	nitrile; organofluorine compound; pyridinecarboxamide	environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
mk 936 [no description available]	2.47	2
ethiprole [no description available]	2.13	1	pyrazoles; ring assembly
medigoxin spirotetramat: for the control of a broad spectrum of sucking insects; structure in first source. spirotetramat : An azaspiro compound that is methoxycyclohexane which is fused at position 4 to the 5-position of a 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one that is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by 2,5-dimethylphenyl and (ethoxycarbonyl)oxy groups, respectively (the cis isomer). It is a proinsecticide (via hydrolysis of the ethyl carbonate group to give the corresponding 4-hydroxypyrrol-2-one, "spirotetramat-enol") and is used for the control of a wide range of sucking insects on fruit and potato crops.	2.61	2
aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.	2.15	1
tolfenpyrad tolfenpyrad: insecticide; structure in first source. tolfenpyrad : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-chloro-3-ethyl-1-methylpyrazole-5-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-[4-(4-methylphenoxy)phenyl]methylamine.	7.17	1	aromatic amide; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; pyrazole insecticide	agrochemical; antifungal agent; EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor
desnitroimidacloprid desnitroimidacloprid: a nicotinic receptor agonist; structure in first source	2.95	4
flubendiamide flubendiamide: activates ryanodine-sensitive calcium release channels in insects; structure in first source	7.08	1	organofluorine insecticide	ryanodine receptor modulator
chlorantranilipole chlorantranilipole: anthranilic diamide insecticide.that disrupts mating in codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). chlorantraniliprole : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide. The first of the anthranilic diamide insecticides, it is a ryanodine receptor activator and is used to protect a wide variety of crops, including corn, cotton, grapes, rice and potatoes.	2.84	3	monochlorobenzenes; organobromine compound; pyrazole insecticide; pyrazoles; pyridines; secondary carboxamide	ryanodine receptor agonist
picoxystrobin picoxystrobin: a fungicide. picoxystrobin : An enoate ester that is the methyl ester of (2E)-3-methoxy-2-[2-({[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}methyl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid. A cereal fungicide used to control a wide range of diseases including brown rust, tan spot, powdery mildew and net blotch.	2.6	1	aromatic ether; enoate ester; enol ether; methoxyacrylate strobilurin antifungal agent; organofluorine compound; pyridines	antifungal agrochemical; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor
penthiopyrad penthiopyrad: a fungicide. penthiopyrad : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-penthiopyrad. Used to control rust and Rhizoctonia diseases and also shows activity against grey mould, powdery mildew and apple scab.. 1-methyl-N-[2-(4-methylpentan-2-yl)-3-thienyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-(4-methylpentan-2-yl)thiophen-3-amine.	7.31	1	aromatic amide; organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; thiophenes
s 1812 S 1812: represents dihalopropenyloxybenzene class of insecticides; effective on Lepidoptera & Thysanoptera pests	2.13	1	dichlorobenzene; organochlorine insecticide; organofluorine insecticide
cyantraniliprole cyantraniliprole: an insecticide; structure in first source. cyantraniliprole : A carboxamide that is chlorantraniliprole in which the chlorine atom attached to the phenyl ring has been replaced by a cyano group. A ryanodine receptor agonist, it is used as insecticide for the control of whitefly, thrips, aphids, fruitflies, and fruit worms in crops such as onions, potatoes and tomatoes. It is highly toxic to honeybees.	2.6	1	nitrile; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; pyrazole insecticide; pyridines; secondary carboxamide	ryanodine receptor agonist
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	2.11	1
sulfoxaflor sulfoxaflor: insecticide targeting sap-feeding pests; structure in first source. sulfoxaflor : A mixture of the four diastereoisomers arising from the two tetrahedral stereocentres of [methyl(oxido){1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-lambda(6)-sulfanylidene]cyanamide (the sulfur atom and the carbon attached to position 3 of the pyridine ring). [Both E- and Z-isomers involving the S=N double bond and the cyano group exist, but they interconvert rapidly at r.t.]. A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist in insects, sulfoxaflor is used as an insecticide, particularly for the control of aphids.. [methyl(oxido){1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-lambda(6)-sulfanylidene]cyanamide : A member of the class of pyridines that is 5-ethyl-2-trifluoromethylpyridine in which the ethyl group is substituted at position 1 by an N-cyano-S-methylsulfonimidoyl group. The insecticide sulfoxalor is a mixture of the four possible stereoisomers arising from the two tetrahedral stereocentres.	3.11	4	nitrile; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoximide
flupyradifurone flupyradifurone: has insecticidal activity; structure in first source. flupyradifurone : A tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which the nitrogens have been replaced by (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, and 5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl groups, respectively. A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) agonist, it is used as an insecticide to control sucking pests in a variety of crops.	2.87	3	butenolide; enamine; monochloropyridine; organofluorine insecticide; tertiary amino compound	insecticide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
chitosan [no description available]	7.6	1
phosphinothricin phosphinothricin: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure. phosphinothricin(1-) : Conjugate base of phosphinothricin arising from deprotonation of the phosphinate function.	2.6	1	organic anion
trifloxystrobin trifloxystrobin : The methyl ester of (2E)-(methoxyimino)[2-({[(E)-{1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}amino]oxy}methyl)phenyl]acetic acid. A foliar applied fungicide for cereals which is particularly active against Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes and Oomycetes	7.31	1
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.08	1	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.	2.02	1
pyrethrins [no description available]	4.49	20
nitroguanidine nitroguanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. nitroguanidine : An N-nitro compound that is guanidine in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a nitro group. It can exist in distinct tautomeric forms, as 1-nitroguanidine (a nitroimine) or 2-nitroguanidine (a nitroamine); in both solid and in solution, the nitroimine form predominates.	2.6	1	nitroguanidine; one-carbon compound
imidacloprid (E)-imidacloprid : The E-isomer of imidacloprid.	3.83	11	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
clothianidin (E)-clothianidin : A clothiadin that has E configuration at the C=N bond of the nitroguanidine moiety.	3.14	5	1,3-thiazoles; 2-nitroguanidine derivative; clothianidin; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	2.06	1	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
imidacloprid imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.	7.08	96	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
clothianidin clothianidin: structure in first source. clothianidin : An N-nitro compound consisting of 2-nitroguanidine having a (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl group at position 1 and a methyl group at position 3.	6.23	39	1,3-thiazoles; 2-nitroguanidine derivative; clothianidin; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	3.23	5	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse effect of a drug or chemical. The adverse effect may be caused by drugs, drug metabolites, chemicals from the environment, or an idiosyncratic response.	2.31	1	0
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	2.31	1	0
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	2.31	1	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	2.31	1	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	3.01	3	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	3.01	3	0
Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.	2.41	1	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	4.21	9	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	4.21	9	0
Stunted Growth [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Growth Disorders Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.	2.6	1	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	4.91	1	1
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	4.91	1	1
Fetal Growth Restriction [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Fetal Growth Retardation Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.	2.6	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	3.51	5	0
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.6	1	0
Preterm Birth [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Premature Birth CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).	2.6	1	0
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.25	1	0
Adrenocortical Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm of the ADRENAL CORTEX. Adrenocortical carcinomas are unencapsulated anaplastic (ANAPLASIA) masses sometimes exceeding 20 cm or 200 g. They are more likely to be functional than nonfunctional, and produce ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES that may result in hypercortisolism (CUSHING SYNDROME); HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and/or VIRILISM.	2.54	2	0
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Choriocarcinoma A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).	2.15	1	0
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	2.15	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	3.46	2	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	3.03	4	0
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital, Due To Cytochrome P450 Oxidoreductase Deficiency [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	2.79	3	0
Abnormalities, Mouth [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Ache [description not available]	2	1	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	2	1	0

thiacloprid

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (68)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Actions

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (3)

Drug Classes (3)

Protein Targets (19)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (49)

Molecular Functions (11)

Ceullar Components (11)

Bioassays (70)

Research

Studies (284)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 41.99

Study Types

thiacloprid

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (68)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Actions

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (3)

Drug Classes (3)

Protein Targets (19)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (49)

Molecular Functions (11)

Ceullar Components (11)

Bioassays (70)

Research

Studies (284)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 41.99

Study Types

Related Drugs (157)

Related Conditions (39)