gemcitabine

Research Excerpts

Overview

Gemcitabine (dFdC) is a nucleoside analogue commonly used in cancer therapy but with limited efficacy due to a high susceptibility to cancer cell resistance. It is a common treatment for pancreatic cancer; however, it is thought that treatment may fail because tumor stroma prevents drug distribution to tumor cells.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue commonly used in cancer therapy but with limited efficacy due to a high susceptibility to cancer cell resistance. "	( Application of ProTide technology to gemcitabine: a successful approach to overcome the key cancer resistance mechanisms leads to a new agent (NUC-1031) in clinical development. Balzarini, J; Blagden, S; Ghazaly, E; Jiang, WG; Lopez, MH; Mason, M; McGuigan, C; Slusarczyk, M; Thompson, E, 2014)	2.12
"Gemcitabine (dFdC) is a cytidine analog remarkably active against a wide range of solid tumors. "	( N-Acyl-phosphoramidates as potential novel form of gemcitabine prodrugs. Baraniak, J; Cieslak, M; Kaczmarek, R; Krakowiak, A; Krolewska, K; Kulik, K; Nawrot, B; Pietkiewicz, A; Radzikowska, E, 2014)	2.1
"Gemcitabine (dFdC) is an anticancer agent used against a variety of solid tumours."	( Development of bioactive gemcitabine-D-Lys Chatzigiannis, CM; Karampelas, T; Liapakis, G; Sayyad, N; Spyridaki, K; Tamvakopoulos, C; Tzakos, AG; Vrettos, EI, 2019)	1.54
"Gemcitabine (dFdC) is a nucleoside analogue used in the treatment of various cancers, being a standard treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer. "	( Development of potent CPP6-gemcitabine conjugates against human prostate cancer cell line (PC-3). Correia, C; Duarte, D; Ferreira, A; Moreira, S; Vale, N; Vasconcelos, MH; Xavier, CPR, 2020)	2.3
"Gemcitabine is an effective single-agent chemotherapy used in advanced stages of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). "	( Clinical Outcomes of Advanced-Stage Cutaneous Lymphoma under Low-Dose Gemcitabine Treatment: Real-Life Data from the German Cutaneous Lymphoma Network. Assaf, C; Blazejak, C; Gambichler, T; Gosman, J; Klemke, CD; Nicolay, JP; Olk, J; Stadler, R; Stendel, S; Stranzenbach, R; Wehkamp, U; Weyermann, M; Wobser, M, 2022)	2.4
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog effective against several solid tumors. "	( Permeability of Gemcitabine and PBPK Modeling to Assess Oral Administration. Ferreira, A; Lapa, R; Vale, N, 2021)	2.41
"Gemcitabine (dFdC) is a common treatment for pancreatic cancer; however, it is thought that treatment may fail because tumor stroma prevents drug distribution to tumor cells. "	( Method To Visualize the Intratumor Distribution and Impact of Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Multimodal Imaging. Andrén, PE; Atkinson, J; Barnes, J; Barry, ST; Brais, R; Bunch, J; Dunlop, CR; Goodwin, RJA; Gopinathan, A; Hamm, G; Jodrell, DI; Johnson, TI; Kaistha, BP; Lau, A; Ling, S; Maglennon, G; Nilsson, A; Race, AM; Richards, FM; Sansom, OJ; Serra, MP; Smith, A; Strittmatter, N; Sutton, D; Takats, Z; Wallez, Y; Wilson, J; Wong, E, 2022)	2.4
"Gemcitabine is a well-known radiosensitizer. "	( Neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy using infusional gemcitabine in locally advanced rectal cancer: A phase II trial. Abduljabbar, A; Alashwah, A; Alhomoud, S; Aljubran, A; Almanea, H; Alsanea, N; Alsuhaibani, A; Alzahrani, A; Ashari, L; Badran, A; Bazarbashi, S; Elhassan, T; Elshenawy, MA; Ghebeh, H; Mohiuddin, M; Neimatallah, M, 2022)	2.41
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog that has been used widely as an anticancer drug for the treatment of a variety of conditions, including ovarian, bladder, non-small-cell lung, pancreatic, and breast cancer. "	( Recent Development of Prodrugs of Gemcitabine. Pandit, B; Royzen, M, 2022)	2.44
"Gemcitabine and alisertib are a feasible strategy with potential for disease control in multiple heavily pre-treated tumors, though gastrointestinal and hematologic toxicity was apparent."	( A phase I dose escalation, dose expansion and pharmacokinetic trial of gemcitabine and alisertib in advanced solid tumors and pancreatic cancer. Chen, JA; Gandara, DR; Huynh, JC; Kelly, KL; Kim, EJ; Li, T; Mack, PC; Mahaffey, N; Martinez, A; Matsukuma, K; Riess, JW; Semrad, TJ; Tam, K; Wu, CY; Yu, AM, 2022)	1.68
"Gemcitabine resistance is a frequently occurring and intractable obstacle in pancreatic cancer treatment. "	( CASC9 potentiates gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer by reciprocally activating NRF2 and the NF-κB signaling pathway. Chen, L; Gong, Q; Li, H; Tang, Z; Tao, J; Zhang, Z; Zhao, C, 2023)	2.69
"Gemcitabine resistance is a major challenge in the treatment of PDAC."	( Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells regulated the gemcitabine-resistance function of CAFs by LINC00460. Hou, X; Li, JH; Li, SJ; Li, YX; Ni, X; Wu, X; Yin, XY; Zhao, W; Zhu, XX, 2022)	1.69
"Gemcitabine-docetaxel is an efficacious second-line treatment for DDLPS. "	( Retrospective evaluation of the role of gemcitabine-docetaxel in well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Amini, B; Araujo, D; Benjamin, RS; Cloutier, JM; Conley, AP; Feig, B; Keung, EZ; Lin, H; Livingston, JA; Ludwig, J; Nassif, EF; Patel, S; Ratan, R; Ravi, V; Roland, CL; Somaiah, N; Thirasastr, P; Wang, WL; Zarzour, MA; Zhou, X, 2023)	2.62
"Gemcitabine (GEM) is an anticancer drug inhibiting DNA synthesis. "	( Gemcitabine alters sialic acid binding of the glycocalyx and induces inflammatory cytokine production in cultured endothelial cells. Akiyama, M; Gunji, M; Honda, K; Kang, D; Mukai, S; Sawa, C; Takaki, T, 2023)	3.8
"Gemcitabine is a widely used anti-cancer drug of pyrimidine structure, which can exist as a free base molecular form in crystals. "	( Characterization of tautomeric forms of anti-cancer drug gemcitabine and their interconversion upon mechano-chemical treatment, using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and complementary methods. Henry, B; Samokhvalov, A, 2023)	2.6
"Gemcitabine is an antineoplastic drug commonly used in the treatment of several types of cancers including pancreatic cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. "	( Electrophysiological evaluation of an anticancer drug gemcitabine on cardiotoxicity revealing down-regulation and modification of the activation gating properties in the human rapid delayed rectifier potassium channel. Kume, S; Kurokawa, T; Liu, G; Liu, Y; Morishima, M; Ono, K; Osanai, H; Wang, P; Wei, M; Yoshimura, K; Zheng, M; Zhu, X, 2023)	2.6
"Gemcitabine is an analogue of cytidine arabinoside, used alone or in combination chemotherapy to treat various type of cancer. "	( An ultra-high-performance chromatography method to study the long term stability of gemcitabine in dose banding conditions. Bihin, B; Closset, M; Colsoul, ML; Galanti, L; Goderniaux, N; Hecq, JD; Jamart, J; Odou, P; Onorati, S; Soumoy, L, 2023)	2.58
"Gemcitabine is a well-tolerated pyrimidine antimetabolite chemotherapeutic that is increasingly utilized to treat non-small cell lung carcinoma, breast, pancreatic, and urogenital cancers. "	( Gemcitabine-associated DRESS syndrome: A case report. Bayram, E; Paydas, S; Toyran, T, 2023)	3.8
"Gemcitabine (GEM) is a common and effective first-line chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of NSCLC."	( Phosphorylation of Bcl-2 by JNK confers gemcitabine resistance in lung cancer cells by reducing autophagy-mediated cell death. Chen, MC; Chiu, CH; Huang, CY; Kuo, CH; Kuo, WW; Li, CC; Liao, PH; Lin, YJ; Lin, YM; Ramesh, S; Wang, TF, 2023)	1.9
"Gemcitabine (GCB) is an anticancer drug used to treat several types of tumors such as colorectal cancer; however, it suffers from tumor cell resistance, and therefore, treatment failure."	( Chemomodulatory Effect of the Marine-Derived Metabolite "Terrein" on the Anticancer Properties of Gemcitabine in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Abuhijjleh, RK; Al Saeedy, DY; Al-Abd, AM; Ashmawy, NS; Elhady, SS; Gouda, AE, 2023)	1.85
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog antimetabolite used in various malignancies, including metastatic breast cancer. "	( Gemcitabine-associated digital necrosis in metastatic breast cancer. Doğan, M; Kurtuluş, A; Özdemir, M; Türkel, A, 2023)	3.8
"Gemcitabine is an important chemotherapeutic agent for patients with PDAC; however, the efficacy of gemcitabine is limited due to resistance."	( Nuclear PLD1 combined with NPM1 induces gemcitabine resistance through tumorigenic IL7R in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Chang, A; Ding, J; Feng, Y; Fu, D; Gao, C; Gao, S; Hao, J; Huang, C; Liu, J; Liu, Y; Ma, X; Ma, Y; Tang, B; Wang, H; Wang, X; Yan, J; Yang, S; Zhang, Z; Zhao, R; Zhao, T, 2023)	1.9
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog that has been successfully used in the treatment of multiple cancers. "	( PTEN deficiency facilitates gemcitabine efficacy in cancer by modulating the phosphorylation of PP2Ac and DCK. Cui, XW; Dong, LW; Feng, XF; Jiang, TY; Lin, YK; Pan, YF; Tan, YX; Wang, HY; Yuan, ZG; Zeng, TM, 2023)	2.65
"Gemcitabine (GEM) is a second-line anticancer drug of choice for some colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and GEM inability to be commonly available in the clinic due to the lack of clarity of the exact action targets."	( Comprehensive analysis identifies novel targets of gemcitabine to improve chemotherapy treatment strategies for colorectal cancer. Jiang, Y; Liang, L; Ling, X; Shen, J; Sun, L; Zeng, X; Zhang, X, 2023)	2.6
"Gemcitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent, widely used for the treatment of many types of cancer. "	( Cytidine deaminase enzyme activity is a predictive biomarker in gemcitabine-treated cancer patients. Abbaspour, A; Dehghani, M; Firuzi, O; Ghorbani, M; Moosavi, F; Omidvari, S; Ramzi, M; Rostamipour, HA; Setayesh, M; Tavakkoli, M, 2023)	2.59
"Gemcitabine (GEM) is a standard chemotherapeutic agent for patients with pancreatic cancer; however, GEM-based chemotherapy has a high rate of toxicity. "	( Inhibitory effect of liriopesides B in combination with gemcitabine on human pancreatic cancer cells. Chen, M; Gan, L; Hong, P; Jin, J; Li, D; Liu, W; Wei, X; Wong, W; Wu, M; Wu, P; Wu, R; Xu, X; Zhang, K; Zheng, X, 2024)	3.13
"Gemcitabine is a frequently used chemotherapeutic agent which can be used as a monotherapy or in combination."	( AUM302, a novel triple kinase PIM/PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, is a potent in vitro pancreatic cancer growth inhibitor. Baines, AT; Bialkowska, AB; Graves, LM; Ingle, K; LaComb, JF, 2023)	1.63
"Gemcitabine is a first-line drug for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer."	( Oncogenic ADAM28 induces gemcitabine resistance and predicts a poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Chen, J; Chen, ZH; Huang, JL; Ma, XK; Wei, L; Wen, JY; Wu, DH, 2019)	1.54
"Gemcitabine is a mainstay for pancreatic treatment."	( Gemcitabine loaded autologous exosomes for effective and safe chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer. Cai, JX; Hu, XB; Li, YJ; Wang, JM; Wu, JY; Xiang, DX, 2020)	2.72
"Gemcitabine (GEM) is a chemotherapeutic agent, which is known to battle cancer but challenging due to its hydrophilic nature. "	( Optimization of nanoemulsion containing gemcitabine and evaluation of its cytotoxicity towards human fetal lung fibroblast (MRC5) and human lung carcinoma (A549) cells. Abdul Rahman, MB; Ashari, SE; Salim, N; Wahgiman, NA, 2019)	2.22
"Gemcitabine is an anticancer drug used to treat a wide range of solid tumors and is a first line treatment for pancreatic cancer. "	( Combination of Gemcitabine with Cell-Penetrating Peptides: A Pharmacokinetic Approach Using In Silico Tools. Ferreira, A; Lapa, R; Vale, N, 2019)	2.31
"Gemcitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent used in a wide variety of solid tumours. "	( Gemcitabine-induced pseudocellulitis: a case report and review of the literature. Bami, H; Boldt, G; Goodman, C; Vincent, M, 2019)	3.4
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue that has been shown to sensitise tumour cells to radiation."	( Gemcitabine potentiates the anti-tumour effect of radiation on medullary thyroid cancer. Forssell-Aronsson, E; Montelius, M; Nilsson, O; Sandblom, V; Shubbar, E; Spetz, J; Ståhl, I; Swanpalmer, J, 2019)	2.68
"Gemcitabine (GEM) is a powerful anticancer drug for various cancers. "	( Polymeric modification of gemcitabine via cyclic acetal linkage for enhanced anticancer potency with negligible side effects. Honda, Y; Inaba, T; Kim, J; Liu, X; Matsui, M; Nishiyama, N; Nomoto, T; Takemoto, H; Taniwaki, K; Tomoda, K; Toyoda, M; Yamada, N, 2020)	2.3
"Gemcitabine is a deoxycytidine analog that has been used for a broad spectrum of tumor, such as nonsmall-cell lung cancer, bladder cancer and pancreatic cancer. "	( Determination of Gemcitabine in Plasma of Bladder Cancer Patients by Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection. Hayama, T; Hiraki, R; Miyata, Y; Nakamura, N; Nakashima, M; Nakashima, MN; Ohyama, K; Sakai, H; Wang, M; Yasuda, T, 2020)	2.34
"Gemcitabine (Gem) is a key drug for pancreatic cancer, yet limited by high systemic toxicity, low bioavailability and poor pharmacokinetic profiles. "	( Biomimetic Gemcitabine-Lipid Prodrug Nanoparticles for Pancreatic Cancer. Bean, PA; Bulanadi, JC; de Campo, L; Gong, X; Julovi, SM; Moghaddam, MJ; Smith, RC; Xue, A, 2020)	2.39
"Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine nucleoside drug which has been approved by FDA to treat lung cancer."	( Gemcitabine and checkpoint blockade exhibit synergistic anti-tumor effects in a model of murine lung carcinoma. Du, B; Lai, J; Lin, M; Wang, Y; Wen, X, 2020)	2.72
"Gemcitabine (GEM) is a commonly used treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer. "	( (3E,5E)-3,5-Bis(pyridin-3-methylene)-tetrahydrothiopyran-4-one enhances the inhibitory effect of gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer cells. Chen, M; Goodin, S; Li, D; Liu, W; Ma, Y; Sheng, Z; Wang, X; Wu, P; Xu, X; Zhang, K; Zheng, X; Zhou, R, 2020)	2.22
"Gemcitabine is an intravenously administered anti-cancer nucleoside analogue. "	( Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine and its amino acid ester prodrug following intravenous and oral administrations in mice. Shi, J; Smith, DE; Thompson, BR; Zhu, HJ, 2020)	2.32
"Gemcitabine is a drug of choice in the treatment of human pancreatic cancer. "	( A G-quadruplex-binding compound shows potent activity in human gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Ahmed, AA; Marchetti, C; Neidle, S; Ohnmacht, SA, 2020)	2.24
"Gemcitabine (GMT) is a nucleoside analog used in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors. "	( Poly(anhydride-ester) gemcitabine: Synthesis and particle engineering of a high payload hydrolysable polymeric drug for cancer therapy. Almuqbil, RM; da Rocha, SRP; Fines, CB; Heyder, RS; Sunbul, FS, 2021)	2.38
"Gemcitabine is an antitumour agent currently used in the treatment of several types of cancer with known properties as a radiosensitizer. "	( p38β (MAPK11) mediates gemcitabine-associated radiosensitivity in sarcoma experimental models. Andrés, I; Arconada-Luque, E; Belandia, B; Bossi, G; Fernández-Aroca, DM; Garcia-Flores, N; Ortega-Muelas, M; Pascual-Serra, R; Roche, O; Ruiz-Hidalgo, MJ; Sabater, S; Sánchez-Prieto, R, 2021)	2.37
"Gemcitabine is an anticancer drug used to treat a wide range of solid tumors and is a first-line treatment for pancreatic cancer."	( Gemcitabine Peptide-Based Conjugates and Their Application in Targeted Tumor Therapy. Hawryłkiewicz, A; Ptaszyńska, N, 2021)	2.79
"Gemcitabine is a frequently used chemotherapeutic agent but its effects on the immune system are incompletely understood. "	( Immune monitoring in mesothelioma patients identifies novel immune-modulatory functions of gemcitabine associating with clinical response. Aerts, JG; Baas, P; Biesma, B; Bootsma, GP; Burgers, JA; Cornelissen, R; Dammeijer, F; De Gooijer, CJ; Jebbink, M; Kaijen-Lambers, MEH; Klaase, L; Lievense, LA; Lukkes, M; Mankor, J; Stigt, JA; Van der Noort, V; van Gulijk, M; Vroman, H; Waasdorp, C, 2021)	2.28
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog and pyrimidine antimetabolite that inhibits RNA synthesis, currently approved for use to treat a variety of cancers, among which ovarian cancers. "	( Gemcitabine-induced dilated-cardiomyopathy in patient with platinum-refractory ovarian-cancer: A case report and literature review. Di Benedetto, L; Gozzi, E; Lazzeroni, R; Pietranera, M; Raimondi, FM; Raimondi, L; Rossi, L; Spinelli, GP, 2021)	3.51
"Gemcitabine is a cytidine analogue that is often used in conjunction with nab-paclitaxel in the treatment of pancreatic cancer."	( Paraspinal radiation recall myositis after gemcitabine for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Barrios-Anderson, A; Radhakrishnan, R; Shimanovsky, A; Yu, E, 2021)	1.61
"Gemcitabine hydrochloride is an established chemotherapeutic agent in several solid tumors. "	( Development of Ag nanoparticle-carbon quantum dot nanocomplex as fluorescence sensor for determination of gemcitabine. Esmaeili, E; Karami, C; Moradi, S; Shahlaei, M; Shekarbeygi, Z, 2021)	2.28
"Gemcitabine is a broadly prescribed chemotherapy, the use of which can be limited by renal adverse events, including thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA)."	( Eculizumab in gemcitabine-induced thrombotic microangiopathy: experience of the French thrombotic microangiopathies reference centre. Benhamou, Y; Chiche, NJ; Coindre, JP; Coppo, P; Daviet, F; François, A; Frémeaux-Bacchi, V; Grall, M; Grangé, S; Guerrot, D; Karras, A; Pouteil-Noble, C; Presne, C; Provot, F; Veyradier, A, 2021)	2.42
"Gemcitabine is a commonly used antimetabolite that has been effective in a broad spec- trum of tumors so far. "	( Gemcitabine-Related Atrial Fibrillation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Abdallah, IB; Balti, M; Chourabi, C; Fehri, W; Haddaoui, A; Nasr, SB; Zribi, A, 2022)	3.61
"Gemcitabine is a radiosensitizing drug that has shown efficacy and safety in this context."	( Effectiveness of Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy with Gemcitabine in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Patients with Comorbidities. Arango-Bravo, E; Brau-Figueroa, H; Castro-Eguiluz, D; Cetina-Pérez, L; Cruz-Bautista, I; Galicia-Carmona, T; Jiménez-Lima, R; Lugo-Alferez, LA, 2022)	1.69
"Gemcitabine/cisplatin is a standard-of-care systemic therapy, but has a modest impact on survival and harbors toxicities, including myelosuppression, nephropathy, neuropathy, and ototoxicity."	( Synergistic combination of cytotoxic chemotherapy and cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors in biliary tract cancers. Abdelrahman, AM; Ahn, DH; Alva-Ruiz, R; Arora, M; Baker, AT; Barrett, MT; Bekaii-Saab, TS; Bogenberger, JM; Borad, MJ; Braggio, E; Buetow, KH; Chen, X; Dumbauld, CR; Egan, JB; Eskelinen, EL; Gamb, SI; Kosiorek, HE; Leiting, JL; Mansfield, AS; Meurice, N; Nagalo, BM; Roberts, LR; Salomao, MA; Serrano Uson Junior, PL; Sonbol, MB; Truty, MJ; Yonkus, J; Zhou, Y, 2022)	1.44
"Gemcitabine (GCB) is a first-line chemotherapeutic drug for pancreatic cancer (PCa). "	( Enhancement of gemcitabine efficacy by K73-03 via epigenetically regulation of miR-421/SPINK1 in gemcitabine resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Al-Radhi, M; Awsh, M; Baldi, S; Chu, P; Fang, J; Jia, J; Li, X; Ma, X; Peng, J; Safi, M; Shopit, A; Shu, X; Tang, Z; Wang, F; Wang, S, 2021)	2.42
"Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy drug. "	( Gemcitabine-induced coronary vasospasm: A case report. Eken, A; Katırcıbaşı, MT, 2017)	3.34
"Gemcitabine is an antineoplastic drug that is frequently used with good results in the treatment of lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and malignant lymphoma."	( [Comparison of Preparation Efficiency and Therapeutic Safety between Generic Products of Gemcitabine]. Amada, K; Itoh, H; Nakahara, R; Ono, H; Sato, Y, 2017)	1.4
"Gemcitabine plus S-1 is a viable treatment alternative to gemcitabine, which is one of the standard treatments in patients with LAPC."	( Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine plus S-1 in pancreatic cancer: a pooled analysis of individual patient data. Furuse, J; Hamada, C; Ikari, T; Imai, S; Isayama, H; Ishii, H; Nakai, Y; Okamura, S; Okusaka, T, 2017)	2.21
"Gemcitabine is an anticancer agent acting against several solid tumors. "	( Pharmacological factors affecting accumulation of gemcitabine's active metabolite, gemcitabine triphosphate. Ghazaly, E; Peters, GJ; Rizzuto, I, 2017)	2.15
"Gemcitabine is an antimetabolite drug used for the treatment of pancreatic cancer that can have profound detrimental effects on oogenesis and ovarian function."	( Successful pregnancy after mucinous cystic neoplasm with invasive carcinoma of the pancreas in a patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a case report. Carlan, SJ; Guzman, A; Holloman, C; Madruga, M; Sundharkrishnan, L, 2017)	1.18
"Gemcitabine is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug, but limited therapeutic efficacy is achieved due to chemoresistance."	( Mechanistic Evaluation and Translational Signature of Gemcitabine-induced Chemoresistance by Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Analysis with iTRAQ Labeling Mass Spectrometry. Duan, Q; Li, H; Shen, Q; Wang, C; Wu, H; Yin, T; Zhang, Z; Zhao, H, 2017)	1.42
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog currently used for the treatment of various solid tumors as a single agent or in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs. "	( Gemcitabine and glioblastoma: challenges and current perspectives. Bastiancich, C; Bastiat, G; Lagarce, F, 2018)	3.37
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue effective against a number of cancers. "	( N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles and CSKSSDYQC peptide: N-trimethyl chitosan conjugates enhance the oral bioavailability of gemcitabine to treat breast cancer. Chen, G; Huang, Y; Lu, W; Svirskis, D; Wen, J; Ying, M, 2018)	2.13
"Gemcitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat several solid organ malignancies. "	( A case of gemcitabine-related acute lipodermatosclerosis. Huang, WW; McGregor, S; Nyckowski, T, 2019)	2.36
"Gemcitabine resistance is a major obstacle for effective treatment of bladder cancer. "	( miR-129-5p inhibits gemcitabine resistance and promotes cell apoptosis of bladder cancer cells by targeting Wnt5a. Cao, J; Li, S; Wang, Q; Wu, G, 2018)	2.25
"Gemcitabine is a frontline agent of chemotherapy for bladder cancer despite its limited efficacy due to chemoresistance, there is an acute need to decipher mechanisms underlying chemosensitivity to gemcitabinein in bladder cancer cells."	( GnT-V promotes chemosensitivity to gemcitabine in bladder cancer cells through β1,6 GlcNAc branch modification of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1. Cong, X; Dong, X; Fan, J; Fang, S; Tang, Y; Wang, S; Yuan, Y, 2018)	1.48
"Gemcitabine is a standard chemotherapeutic agent for patients suffering from pancreatic cancer. "	( Melatonin and its metabolite N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (afmk) enhance chemosensitivity to gemcitabine in pancreatic carcinoma cells (PANC-1). Bonior, J; Góralska, M; Jastrzębska, M; Jaworek, J; Leja-Szpak, A; Link-Lenczowski, P; Nawrot-Porąbka, K; Pierzchalski, P, 2018)	2.14
"Gemcitabine is a standard treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer patients but can cause chemoresistance during treatment. "	( Resveratrol enhances the chemotherapeutic response and reverses the stemness induced by gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells via targeting SREBP1. Cao, J; Cheng, L; Duan, W; Jiang, Z; Li, J; Li, X; Ma, J; Ma, Q; Qian, W; Sun, L; Wang, F; Wu, E; Wu, Z; Yan, B; Zhou, C, 2019)	2.18
"Gemcitabine serves as a first-line chemotherapy agent for advanced pancreatic cancer (PC). "	( Gemcitabine exhibits a suppressive effect on pancreatic cancer cell growth by regulating processing of PVT1 to miR1207. Liang, Z; Liu, C; Liu, Z; Wang, H; Yang, G; You, L; Zhang, J; Zhang, T; Zhao, F; Zhao, Y, 2018)	3.37
"Gemcitabine (Gem) is a MDSC-depleting chemotherapeutic agent; however, its clinical use is hampered by its drug resistance and inefficient in vivo delivery."	( Gemcitabine nanoparticles promote antitumor immunity against melanoma. Bush, X; Chen, JA; Yan, B; Zhang, Y, 2019)	2.68
"Gemcitabine is a principal chemotherapeutic agent for biliary tract cancer (BTC). "	( Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) expression as a predictive biomarker for gemcitabine chemotherapy in biliary tract cancer. Hwang, JH; Kim, H; Kim, J; Kim, JW; Kim, YT; Lee, JC; Lee, SH; Paik, WH; Ryu, JK, 2018)	2.14
"Gemcitabine is an important component of pancreatic cancer clinical management. "	( Insights into gemcitabine resistance and the potential for therapeutic monitoring. Bhinderwala, F; Chaika, NV; Gebregiworgis, T; Powers, R; Purohit, V; Singh, PK, 2018)	2.28
"Gemcitabine is an introduced treatment for BC and also has immunomodulatory function, but the immunoregulation mechanism is not clear."	( RS 504393 inhibits M-MDSCs recruiting in immune microenvironment of bladder cancer after gemcitabine treatment. Fan, J; Jiang, JT; Liu, ZH; Mu, XY; Sun, F; Tan, MY; Wang, RJ; Wang, X; Wu, K; Yao, ZX; Zheng, JH; Zheng, Z, 2019)	1.46
"Gemcitabine (Gem) is a standard first-line treatment for pancreatic cancer (PC). "	( A novel gemcitabine derivative-loaded liposome with great pancreas-targeting ability. Li, PW; Luo, S; Tian, BL; Wang, L; Xiao, LY; Zeng, YC; Zhang, ZR, 2019)	2.39
"Gemcitabine is a fluoropyrimidine analogue that is used as a mainstay of chemotherapy treatment for pancreatic and ovarian cancers, amongst others. "	( Genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 screen determines factors modulating sensitivity to ProTide NUC-1031. Bré, J; Chan, TH; Harrison, DJ; Mullen, P; Reynolds, PA; Sarr, A; Um, IH, 2019)	1.96
"Gemcitabine is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug that is administered via intravenous infusion due to a low oral bioavailability of only 10%. "	( Mechanisms of gemcitabine oral absorption as determined by in situ intestinal perfusions in mice. Hu, Y; Smith, DE; Thompson, BR, 2019)	2.32
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside-chemotherapeutic which was recently shown to act as a radiosensitizer in high-grade glioma."	( Gemcitabine, vinorelbine and cyclooxygenase inhibitors in the treatment of glioblastoma. Ultrastructural analyses in C6 glioma in vitro. Altinoz, MA; Bilir, A; Elmaci, İ; Ozpinar, A, 2019)	2.68
"Gemcitabine is a hydrophilic clinical anticancer drug that requires nucleoside transporters to cross plasma membranes and enter cells. "	( Human concentrative nucleoside transporter 3 transfection with ultrasound and microbubbles in nucleoside transport deficient HEK293 cells greatly increases gemcitabine uptake. Cass, CE; Evans, D; Favis, N; Paproski, RJ; Yao, SY; Young, JD; Zemp, RJ, 2013)	2.03
"Gemcitabine (Gem) is a chemotherapeutic drug routinely used for the treatment for pancreatic cancer patients."	( Dendritic cell immunotherapy combined with gemcitabine chemotherapy enhances survival in a murine model of pancreatic carcinoma. Ghansah, T; Kinney, K; Kodumudi, K; Pilon-Thomas, S; Sarnaik, AA; Springett, G; Vohra, N; Weber, A, 2013)	1.37
"Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog that is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent for unresectable or recurrent biliary tract cancer (BTC). "	( Prognostic predictive values of gemcitabine sensitivity-related gene products for unresectable or recurrent biliary tract cancer treated with gemcitabine alone. Amano, R; Hirakawa, K; Kimura, K; Murata, A; Nakata, B; Yamada, N; Yashiro, M, 2013)	2.12
"Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy drug used in different carcinomas, although because it displays a short biological half-life, its plasmatic levels can quickly drop below the effective threshold. "	( Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as vehicles for the delivery of the antitumor drug gemcitabine to tumor cells. Physicochemical in vitro evaluation. Carazo, A; Delgado, AV; Gómez-Sotomayor, R; Munoz-Gamez, JA; Rudzka, K; Ruiz-Extremera, A; Salmerón, J; Viota, JL, 2013)	2.05
"Gemcitabine is an effective chemotherapeutic agent for advanced gallbladder cancer. "	( Combination chemotherapy of nafamostat mesylate with gemcitabine for gallbladder cancer targeting nuclear factor-κB activation. Fujiwara, Y; Furukawa, K; Haruki, K; Iwase, R; Misawa, T; Ohashi, T; Shiba, H; Uwagawa, T; Yanaga, K, 2013)	2.08
"Gemcitabine is a mainstay in the treatment of biliary and pancreatic cancers, with limited efficacy in most settings. "	( Rapid deaminator status is associated with poor clinical outcome in pancreatic cancer patients treated with a gemcitabine-based regimen. Ciccolini, J; Dahan, L; Duluc, M; Fina, F; Lacarelle, B; Norguet, E; Ouafik, L; Seitz, JF; Serdjebi, C, 2013)	2.04
"Gemcitabine is a first-line drug utilised in the chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer; however, this drug induces chemo-resistance and toxicity to normal tissue during treatment. "	( Andrographolide causes apoptosis via inactivation of STAT3 and Akt and potentiates antitumor activity of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer. Bao, GQ; Pan, CP; Peng, CH; Shen, BY; Shi, MM; Zhang, YJ, 2013)	2.05
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog that is indicated in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. "	( Do hENT1 and RRM1 predict the clinical benefit of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer? Dumontet, C; Jordheim, LP, 2013)	2.09
"Gemcitabine (GEM) is an approved treatment for unresectable pancreatic cancer; however, its role in treating resected pancreatic cancer is less clear. "	( Gemcitabine Adjuvant Therapy for Resected Pancreatic Cancer: A Meta-analysis. Tan, ZM; Wang, LY; Yu, Z; Yuan, YH; Zhong, W, 2015)	3.3
"Gemcitabine is a chemotherapeutic that is widely used for the treatment of a variety of haematological malignancies and has become the standard chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer. "	( Gemcitabine-mediated tumour regression and p53-dependent gene expression: implications for colon and pancreatic cancer therapy. Clements, D; Giacomantonio, CA; Gujar, SA; Hill, R; Lee, PW; Madureira, PA; Rabb, M; Waisman, DM, 2013)	3.28
"Gemcitabine-induced TMA is an underdiagnosed condition characterized by high mortality rates. "	( Gemcitabine-related thrombotic microangiopathy: a single-centre retrospective series. Carvalheira, JB; Leal, F; Macedo, LT, 2014)	3.29
"Gemcitabine is a widely used drug in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer and other malignancies. "	( [Hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with gemcitabine use: report of one case]. Goecke, H; Méndez, GP; Parodi, C; Vega, J, 2013)	2.1
"Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy agent commonly used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis in NSCLC cells by increasing functionally active Fas expression. "	( Gemcitabine sensitizes lung cancer cells to Fas/FasL system-mediated killing. Di Sano, C; Ferraro, M; Gjomarkaj, M; Melis, M; Pace, E; Profita, M; Siena, L; Spatafora, M, 2014)	3.29
"Gemcitabine is a deoxycytidine antagonist that has characteristics different from those of the deoxycytidine antagonist cytarabine(Ara-C)."	( [Chemotherapy using gemcitabine hydrochloride for malignant lymphoma]. Asou, H; Kiyosawa, K; Maeda, K; Takeuchi, K; Taniai, H, 2013)	1.43
"Gemcitabine (GEM) is a first line chemotherapeutic drug for advanced pancreatic cancer. "	( Gemcitabine-treated pancreatic cancer cell medium induces the specific CTL antitumor activity by stimulating the maturation of dendritic cells. Ding, X; Liu, W; Luo, H; Lv, Y; Pan, J; Pei, Q; Zhu, H; Zou, X, 2014)	3.29
"Gemcitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent used for treatment of a variety of malignancies. "	( Gemcitabine-Induced Pseudocellulitis in a Patient With Recurrent Lymphedema: A Case Report and Review of the Current Literature. Calvo, M; Curtis, S; Gucalp, R; Hong, S, )	3.02
"Gemcitabine is a proper regimen for postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy."	( A single center experience: post-transplantation adjuvant chemotherapy impacts the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Han, Z; Peng, Z; Sun, H; Wu, J, 2014)	1.12
"Gemcitabine is a recently developed treatment option."	( Antitumor activity of the c-Myc inhibitor KSI-3716 in gemcitabine-resistant bladder cancer. Ahn, KO; Jeong, KC; Jung, NR; Lee, KH; Lee, SJ; Park, WS; Seo, HK; Shin, JS, 2014)	1.37
"Gemcitabine is a potent anticancer drug approved for the treatment of pancreatic, non-small-cell lung, breast, and ovarian cancers. "	( Enhanced tumor delivery of gemcitabine via PEG-DSPE/TPGS mixed micelles. Dai, X; Fan, W; Katragadda, U; Mckinley, D; Tan, C; Teng, Q; Wang, Y, 2014)	2.14
"Gemcitabine (GEM) is a pyrimidine nucleoside analogue that is a new chemotherapeutic agent used for treating various cancers. "	( Gemcitabine chemotherapy induces phenotypic alterations of tumor cells that facilitate antitumor T cell responses in a mouse model of oral cancer. Arai, N; Fuse, H; Heshiki, W; Nakamori, K; Noguchi, M; Takei, R; Tomihara, K; Zhang, B, 2014)	3.29
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue used widely across haemato-oncology. "	( Gemcitabine-induced large vessel vasculitis demonstrated by PET CT: a rare, important side effect. Collins, GP; Eyre, TA; Gooding, S; Hatton, C; Moore, N; Patel, I, 2014)	3.29
"Gemcitabine is a fluorinated nucleoside currently administered against a number of cancers. "	( The synthesis of gemcitabine. Brown, K; Dixey, M; Linclau, B; Weymouth-Wilson, A, 2014)	2.18
"Gemcitabine is a potential chemotherapy drug for treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), however, the poor or partial response of HNSCC patients to gemcitabine demonstrated the urgent need for gemcitabine biomarkers to improve the therapy. "	( DNA microarray reveals ZNF195 and SBF1 are potential biomarkers for gemcitabine sensitivity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Cui, L; Ji, SL; Xiong, L; Zhang, CY; Zheng, HL; Zhu, MH, 2014)	2.08
"Gemcitabine is a standard chemotherapeutic agent for locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer. "	( BRG1 promotes chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells through crosstalking with Akt signalling. Kornmann, M; Liu, X; Ma, Y; Tian, X; Wang, F; Yang, Y, 2014)	1.85
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog, which is a commonly used agent for various solid organ malignancies."	( Gemcitabine-induced cardiomyopathy: a case report and review of the literature. Boyella, R; Gottesman, S; Juneman, E; Khan, MF, 2014)	2.57
"Gemcitabine is a potent replication inhibitor used to treat cancers with mutations in HR genes such as BRCA2."	( BRCA2 and RAD51 promote double-strand break formation and cell death in response to gemcitabine. Groth, P; Jones, RM; Kotsantis, P; Petermann, E; Stewart, GS, 2014)	1.35
"Gemcitabine is an anticancer drug which is a less immune-destructive agent than others."	( NKG2D-directed cytokine-activated killer lymphocyte therapy combined with gemcitabine for patients with chemoresistant metastatic solid tumors. Hirano, T; Katano, M; Kiyota, A; Koya, N; Morisaki, T; Onishi, H; Tanaka, H; Umebayashi, M, 2014)	1.35
"Gemcitabine is an anticancer drug used in the treatment of different cancer types, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. "	( Effect of gemcitabine and retinoic acid loaded PAMAM dendrimer-coated magnetic nanoparticles on pancreatic cancer and stellate cell lines. Erkan, M; Gündüz, U; Kleeff, J; Parsian, M; Ünsoy, G; Yalçin, S, 2014)	2.25
"Gemcitabine is a potent nucleoside analogue against solid tumors, but development of drug resistance is a substantial problem. "	( Hyperthermia inhibits recombination repair of gemcitabine-stalled replication forks. Cisneros, BT; Corr, SJ; Curley, SA; Liu, H; Raoof, M; Wilson, LJ; Zhu, C, 2014)	2.1
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue that causes cytotoxicity by inducing DNA replication blocks."	( A gemcitabine sensitivity screen identifies a role for NEK9 in the replication stress response. Ehdaivand, S; Hardy, CW; Liang, D; Liu, EA; Madden, MZ; Pan, Y; Petrova, AV; Robinson, MH; Rudra, S; Smith, SC; Torres, MA; Wang, H; Wang, J; Wang, Y; Warren, MD; Yu, DS, 2014)	1.85
"Gemcitabine is a first‑line chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer; however resistance of the disease to the drug often develops over time. "	( Enhancement of the effects of gemcitabine against pancreatic cancer by oridonin via the mitochondrial caspase-dependent signaling pathway. Bu, HQ; Huang, H; Jin, HM; Li, Y; Liu, DL; Zhao, JF, 2014)	2.13
"Gemcitabine is a modified cytidine analog having two fluorine atoms at the 2'-position of the ribose ring. "	( One-electron oxidation of gemcitabine and analogs: mechanism of formation of C3' and C2' sugar radicals. Adhikary, A; Hindi, RM; Kumar, A; Rayala, R; Sevilla, MD; Wnuk, SF, 2014)	2.15
"Gemcitabine is a well tolerated chemotherapeutic agent with a high first pass clearance."	( Gemcitabine transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Franko, J; Gamblin, TC; Hammond, JS; Heckman, JT; Holloway, SE; Orons, PD, )	2.3
"Gemcitabine is a drug commonly used to treat pancreatic cancer but chemoresistance to it is a common clinical issue. "	( KML001 enhances anticancer activity of gemcitabine against pancreatic cancer cells. Lee, JK; Lee, KH; Lee, KT; Rhee, JC; Yang, MH; Yang, S, 2015)	2.13
"Gemcitabine is an anti-cancer drug with clinically uses in the treatment of various neoplasms, including breast, ovarian, non-small cell lung, pancreaticand cervical cancers, T-cell malignancies, germ cell tumours, and hepatocellular carcinomas. "	( Anti-mutagenic activity of Salvia merjamie extract against gemcitabine. Alanazi, KM, 2015)	2.1
"Gemcitabine is a key drug for the treatment of pancreatic cancer; however, with its limitation in clinical benefits, the development of another potent therapeutic is necessary. "	( Randomized phase II/III clinical trial of elpamotide for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: PEGASUS-PC Study. Boku, N; Fukutomi, A; Furukawa, M; Ikeda, M; Ishii, H; Maguchi, H; Miyazawa, M; Mizuno, N; Nishio, K; Ohashi, Y; Ohkawa, S; Okusaka, T; Tani, M; Togashi, Y; Tsunoda, T; Ueno, H; Yamao, K; Yamaue, H, 2015)	1.86
"Gemcitabine is an approved chemotherapy drug for NSCLC."	( A Novel Strategy to Improve the Therapeutic Efficacy of Gemcitabine for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by the Tumor-Penetrating Peptide iRGD. Li, H; Li, K; Wang, H; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Y; Zheng, J, 2015)	1.38
"Gemcitabine (GEM) is an important anticancer nucleoside analog though deactivation and multi-drug resistance frequently happen."	( Molecular self-assembly of amphiphilic cyclic phosphoryl gemcitabine with different N-fatty acyl tails and enhanced anticancer effects of the self-assembled nanostructures. Du, L; Jin, Y; Wang, S; Yao, W, 2015)	1.38
"Gemcitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent that eliminates both tumor cells and MDSCs, improving the immune environment favorable for subsequent treatment."	( Progression of Large Lymphoma Is Significantly Impeded with a Combination of Gemcitabine Chemotherapy and Dendritic Cells Intra-Tumor Vaccination. Cao, M; Chen, YC; Fan, ZF; Hu, SY; Li, WX; Liu, L; Sun, XM; Wang, LX; Yang, ZF; Zhou, JY; Zhu, XJ, 2015)	1.37
"Gemcitabine is a common treatment, but response rates are low, perhaps due in part to tumor hypoxia."	( Distribution of Gemcitabine Is Nearly Homogenous in Two Orthotopic Murine Models of Pancreatic Cancer. Humm, JL; Kramer, RM; Russell, J, 2015)	1.48
"Gemcitabine is a standard chemotherapeutic agent since 1997, but survival benefit is not satisfactory."	( [Recent Advances in Palliative Chemotherapy for Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer]. Ryu, JK, 2015)	1.14
"Gemcitabine was found to be a lytic inducer via activation of the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM)/p53 genotoxic stress pathway in EBVaGC."	( Targeted therapy for Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma using low-dose gemcitabine-induced lytic activation. Ambinder, RF; Chen, J; Choi, TH; Chong, CR; Dong, SM; Hayward, SD; Kim, EJ; Kim, H; Lee, HG; Lee, JM; Liu, JO; Park, JH; Park, PG, 2015)	1.36
"Gemcitabine is an analog of deoxycytidine (pyrimidine antimetabolite) with antitumor activity."	( The relationship between RRM1 gene polymorphisms and effectiveness of gemcitabine-based first-line chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC patient. Ciesielka, M; Homa, I; Kozioł, P; Krawczyk, P; Małecka-Massalska, T; Milanowski, J; Mlak, R; Powrózek, T; Prendecka, M, 2016)	1.39
"Gemcitabine (GEM) is a highly hydrophil anticancer drug which extensively used in the clinic for the treatment of a range of solid tumors, including pancreatic and lung cancers. "	( Influence of PEG Molecular Weight on the Drug Release and In vitro Cytotoxicity of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-PEG-Gemcitabine Conjugates. Atyabi, F; Dinarvand, R; Kazemi, B; Razzazan, A, 2016)	2.09
"Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine antimetabolite that has shown efficacy when used systemically in bladder cancer with only mild toxicity compared to other chemotherapeutic agents."	( The safety and efficacy of gemcitabine for the treatment of bladder cancer. Boegemann, M; Krabbe, LM; Schlack, K; Schrader, AJ; Steinestel, J, 2016)	1.45
"Gemcitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent that has a different mechanism of action compared to alkylating agents and shows excellent radio-sensitizing properties."	( Lauroyl-gemcitabine-loaded lipid nanocapsule hydrogel for the treatment of glioblastoma. Bastiancich, C; Bastiat, G; Danhier, F; Lagarce, F; Pitorre, M; Préat, V; Ucakar, B; Vanvarenberg, K, 2016)	1.59
"Gemcitabine appears to be a potent radiation sensitizer, and when combined with radiation therapy, it shows encouraging tumor response. "	( Radiochemotherapy with Gemcitabine in Unresectable Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Long-term Results of a Phase II Study. Ardito, F; Autorino, R; Balducci, M; Deodato, F; Gambacorta, MA; Giuliante, F; Macchia, G; Mantini, G; Mattiucci, GC; Morganti, AG; Perri, V; Tagliaferri, L; Tringali, A; Valentini, V, 2016)	2.19
"Gemcitabine is an important anticancer therapeutics approved for treatment of several human cancers including locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). "	( 14-3-3σ regulation of and interaction with YAP1 in acquired gemcitabine resistance via promoting ribonucleotide reductase expression. Dong, Z; Qin, L; Zhang, JT, 2016)	2.12
"Gemcitabine is an antitumor agent with broad clinical application. "	( A rash diagnosis: Gemcitabine-associated pseudocellulitis. Epperla, N; Strouse, C, 2017)	2.23
"Gemcitabine (GEM) is an anticancer agent widely used in non-small cell lung and pancreatic cancers. "	( In vivo drug delivery of gemcitabine with PEGylated single-walled carbon nanotubes. Atyabi, F; Dinarvand, R; Kazemi, B; Razzazan, A, 2016)	2.18
"Gemcitabine is an antimetabolite ranking among the most prescribed anticancer drugs worldwide. "	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of Gemcitabine as a mainstay in adult and pediatric oncology: an EORTC-PAMM perspective. Ciccolini, J; Giovannetti, E; Peters, GJ; Serdjebi, C, 2016)	2.14
"Gemcitabine is an important pyrimidine antimetabolite that inhibits cellular DNA synthesis. "	( Antitumor gemcitabine conjugated micelles from amphiphilic comb-like random copolymers. Cen, Y; Lin, X; Wang, J; Wu, Q; Zhang, X, 2016)	2.28
"Gemcitabine is a medication used to treat various types of malignant neoplasms. "	( Hemolytic uremic syndrome due to gemcitabine in a young woman with cholangiocarcinoma. Aristizabal-Alzate, A; Florez-Vargas, AA; Galvez-Cárdenas, KM; Higuita, LM; Nieto-Ríos, JF; Ocampo-Kohn, C; Rincón, CI; Zuluaga-Quintero, M; Zuluaga-Valencia, GA, 2016)	2.16
"Gemcitabine (GmcH) is an effective anti-cancer agent used in the chemotherapy of lung cancer. "	( Augmented delivery of gemcitabine in lung cancer cells exploring mannose anchored solid lipid nanoparticles. Kesharwani, P; Maheshwari, R; Pandey, H; Soni, N; Tekade, RK, 2016)	2.19
"Gemcitabine is a clinically established anticancer agent potent in various solid tumors but limited by its rapid metabolic inactivation and off-target toxicity. "	( Gemcitabine Based Peptide Conjugate with Improved Metabolic Properties and Dual Mode of Efficacy. Argyros, O; Fokas, D; Karampelas, T; Skavatsou, E; Tamvakopoulos, C, 2017)	3.34
"Gemcitabine is a widely-used anti-cancer drug with a well-defined mechanism of action in normal and transformed epithelial cells. "	( Gemcitabine kills proliferating endothelial cells exclusively via acid sphingomyelinase activation. Fuks, Z; Haimovitz-Friedman, A; Kolesnick, R; Tap, WD; van Hell, AJ, 2017)	3.34
"Gemcitabine-radiotherapy is a standard treatment for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. "	( The combination of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors with gemcitabine and radiation in pancreatic cancer. Kollar, LE; Lawrence, TS; Maybaum, J; Morgan, MA; Normolle, DP; Parsels, LA, 2008)	2.02
"Gemcitabine is a potent radiosensitizer of pancreatic cancer cells. "	( [Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy concurrent with full dose Gemcitabine for locally advanced inoperable pancreatic cancer]. Catane, R; Kundel, Y; Mendlovic, S; Pfeffer, R; Rabin, T; Symon, Z, 2008)	2.02
"Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine antimetabolite with activity in a number of cancers. "	( Gemcitabine-induced pulmonary toxicity during adjuvant therapy in a patient with pancreatic cancer. Cornfeld, D; Lansigan, F; Saif, MW; Shaib, W; Syrigos, K, 2008)	3.23
"Gemcitabine is a known risk factor for hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which can often have a rapidly fatal clinical course despite intervention with steroids, plasmapheresis and hemodialysis."	( Rituximab-based therapy for gemcitabine-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome in a patient with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a case report. Becker, J; Bharthuar, A; Deeb, G; Egloff, L; George, M; Iyer, RV; Lohr, JW, 2009)	1.37
"Gemcitabine is an active drug in this disease."	( Gemcitabine, irinotecan and celecoxib in patients with biliary cancer. Mayo, MS; Smith, HJ; Watkins, JF; Williamson, SK, 2009)	2.52
"Gemcitabine is a promising adjuvant treatment for patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its use in combination with radiotherapy is under exploration. "	( Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 and human concentrative nucleoside transporter 3 predict survival after adjuvant gemcitabine therapy in resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cass, CE; Demetter, P; Devière, J; Lai, R; Mackey, JR; Maréchal, R; Peeters, M; Polus, M; Salmon, I; Van Laethem, JL; Young, J, 2009)	2
"Gemcitabine (GMZ) is a chemotherapeutic agent with well established effects on cell growth arrest and apoptosis. "	( Downregulation of neutral ceramidase by gemcitabine: Implications for cell cycle regulation. Hannun, YA; Wu, BX; Zeidan, YH, 2009)	2.06
"Gemcitabine is an anti-cancer agent of first-line chemotherapy for patient with pancreatic carcinoma."	( [A case of drug induced interstitial pneumonitis after gemcitabine treatment for pancreatic carcinoma]. Ishibashi, Y; Ito, Y, 2009)	1.32
"Gemcitabine (Gemc) is an efficient chemotherapeutic drug in various cancer types (e.g., pancreas) but has only limited effects on hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPCa). "	( Liposomal gemcitabine (GemLip)-efficient drug against hormone-refractory Du145 and PC-3 prostate cancer xenografts. Esser, N; Graeser, R; Jantscheff, P; Kluth, J; Massing, U; Unger, C; Ziroli, V, 2009)	2.2
"Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine analogue which has shown efficacy and a favourable safety profile in solid tumours and haematological malignancies."	( Gemcitabine treatment in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: a multicentre study of 23 cases. Bachelez, H; Beylot-Barry, M; Chaoui, D; Dubertret, L; Ingen-Housz-Oro, S; Jidar, K; Morel, P; Paul, C; Sigal-Grinberg, M, 2009)	2.52
"Gemcitabine is an anti-cancer drug known to be safe and effective for pancreatic or biliary tract cancers, but lung injury is also known to be a rare side effect that sometimes becomes severe. "	( [Seven cases of gemcitabine-induced lung injury during treatment for pancreatic or biliary tract cancers]. Amitani, R; Hatano, K; Ikeda, A; Kawakami, H; Kimura, T; Kita, R; Maruo, T; Matsuo, H; Nakatsuji, M; Nishijima, N; Nishikawa, H; Okabe, Y; Osaki, Y; Saito, S; Tsumura, T, 2009)	2.14
"Gemcitabine is a cytotoxic nucleoside analog, which is widely used in the treatment of malignancies. "	( Clinical pharmacology and pharmacogenetics of gemcitabine. Innocenti, F; Soo, RA; Wong, A; Yong, WP, 2009)	2.05
"Gemcitabine is a first-line agent for advanced pancreatic cancer therapy. "	( Gemcitabine-based chemogene therapy for pancreatic cancer using Ad-dCK::UMK GDEPT and TS/RR siRNA strategies. Bigand, C; Hajri, A; Parmentier, C; Réjiba, S, 2009)	3.24
"Gemcitabine hydrochloride is an anticancer nucleoside analogue indicated in clinic for the treatment of various solid tumors. "	( Polymeric nanoparticulate system augmented the anticancer therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine. Arias, JL; Couvreur, P; Reddy, LH, 2009)	2.02
"Gemcitabine is a broadly active pyrimidine nucleoside antimetabolite that is incorporated into DNA and causes chain termination."	( The role of pemetrexed combined with gemcitabine for non-small-cell lung cancer. Ngeow, J; Toh, CK, 2010)	1.35
"Gemcitabine is a standard therapy for pancreatic cancer."	( A phase I study of imexon plus gemcitabine as first-line therapy for advanced pancreatic cancer. Boytim, ML; Cohen, SJ; Conkling, P; Davis, P; Dorr, RT; Hersh, EM; Modiano, MR; Patt, YZ; Zalupski, MM, 2010)	1.37
"Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy agent that may cause unpredictable side effects. "	( Fatal gemcitabine-induced pulmonary toxicity in metastatic gallbladder adenocarcinoma. Capelozzi, VL; Galvão, FH; Pestana, JO, 2010)	2.28
"Gemcitabine (Gem) is a dFdC analogue with activity against several solid tumors. "	( Tranilast strongly sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine via decreasing protein expression of ribonucleotide reductase 1. Hashiguchi, K; Hiraki, M; Kai, K; Kitajima, Y; Mitsuno, M; Miyazaki, K; Nakamura, J; Noshiro, H; Ohtaka, K, 2010)	2.05
"Gemcitabine is a deoxycytidine (dCyd) analog with activity in leukemia and solid tumors, which requires phosphorylation by deoxycytidine kinase (dCK). "	( Antiproliferative activity, mechanism of action and oral antitumor activity of CP-4126, a fatty acid derivative of gemcitabine, in in vitro and in vivo tumor models. Adema, AD; Balzarini, J; Bergman, AM; Bruheim, S; Fichtner, I; Fodstad, O; Hendriks, HR; Myhren, F; Noordhuis, P; Peters, GJ; Sandvold, ML, 2011)	2.02
"Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy agent frequently used for the treatment of pancreatic cancer as well as metastatic breast, lung, and ovarian cancer. "	( Toxicities of gemcitabine in patients with severe hepatic dysfunction. Hall, PD; Teusink, AC, 2010)	2.16
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue used for treatment of multiple cancers. "	( Gemcitabine-associated large vessel vasculitis presenting as fever of unknown origin. Bernstein, SA; Edison, JD; Hamilton, CA; Ramsay, LB; Schlegal, KE; Stany, MP, 2010)	3.25
"Gemcitabine is a first line cancer drug widely used for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. "	( Potentiation of gemcitabine by Turmeric Force in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Aviram, A; Escalon, E; Melnick, SJ; Ramachandran, C; Resek, AP, 2010)	2.15
"Gemcitabine is an anticancer nucleoside analogue active against a wide variety of solid tumors. "	( Interaction of a new anticancer prodrug, gemcitabine-squalene, with a model membrane: coupled DSC and XRD study. Amenitsch, H; Bourgaux, C; Couvreur, P; Desmaële, D; Keller, G; Lepêtre-Mouelhi, S; Ollivon, M; Pili, B, 2010)	2.07
"Gemcitabine (Gemzar) is a nucleoside analogue used as a cytotoxic agent for the treatment of various carcinomas: pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, and non-small-cell-lung cancer. "	( Hand-foot hyperpigmentation skin lesions associated with combination gemcitabine-carboplatin (GemCarbo) therapy. Chaudhary, RT; Kleynberg, RL; Sofi, AA, 2011)	2.05
"Gemcitabine is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent for advanced biliary tract carcinoma (BTC), although its efficacy is insufficient. "	( Ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 assessed by quantitative double-fluorescence immunohistochemistry predicts the efficacy of gemcitabine in biliary tract carcinoma. Hashiguchi, K; Hiraki, M; Kai, K; Kitajima, Y; Kohya, N; Miyazaki, K; Nakamura, J; Noshiro, H; Ohtaka, K; Tokunaga, O, 2010)	2.01
"Gemcitabine is an effective agent in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. "	( Fixed-dose-rate gemcitabine infusion in patients with advanced pancreatic or biliary tree adenocarcinoma. Ballesteros, D; Carrera, S; Casas, R; Fernández, R; Fuente, N; López-Vivanco, G; Mané, JM; Marrodán, I; Mielgo, X; Muñoz, A; Rubio, I; Sancho, A, )	1.92
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue with broad antitumor activity."	( Gemcitabine and docetaxel in metastatic, castrate-resistant prostate cancer: results from a phase 2 trial. Dreicer, R; Elson, P; Garcia, JA; Hutson, TE; Shepard, D, 2011)	2.53
"Gemcitabine is a cytotoxic nucleoside analog, which is widely used in the treatment of malignancies, and in particular in pancreatic carcinoma."	( [The role of membrane transporters in cellular resistance of pancreatic carcinoma to gemcitabine]. Mohelníková-Duchonová, B; Soucek, P, 2010)	1.31
"Gemcitabine is a very well tolerated drug with mild myelosuppression, asthenia and nausea/vomiting as its main toxicities."	( Gemox: a widely useful therapy against solid tumors-review and personal experience. Meriggi, F; Zaniboni, A, 2010)	1.08
"Gemcitabine is a cytotoxic cytidine analog, which is widely used in anti-cancer therapy. "	( Gemcitabine functions epigenetically by inhibiting repair mediated DNA demethylation. Barreto, G; Döderlein, G; Niehrs, C; Schäfer, A; Schomacher, L, 2010)	3.25
"Gemcitabine is an effective chemotherapy against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). "	( Isolation and characterization of gemcitabine-resistant human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. Ikeda, R; Jiang, Z; Kolesar, JM; Lau, E; Sachidanandam, K; Vermeulen, LC; Yamada, K, 2011)	2.09
"Gemcitabine is a potent chemotherapeutic that exerts cytotoxic activity against several leukemias and a wide spectrum of carcinomas. "	( Synthesis of a covalent gemcitabine-(carbamate)-[anti-HER2/neu] immunochemotherapeutic and its cytotoxic anti-neoplastic activity against chemotherapeutic-resistant SKBr-3 mammary carcinoma. Coyne, CP; Jones, T; Pharr, T, 2011)	2.12
"Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine analog effective against many solid tumors. "	( Effect of its deaminated metabolite, 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine, on the transport and toxicity of gemcitabine in HeLa cells. Hodge, LS; Taub, ME; Tracy, TS, 2011)	2.03
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue with anticancer activity. "	( Connexin-26 is a key factor mediating gemcitabine bystander effect. Carrió, M; Cascante, A; Fillat, C; García-Ribas, I; Garcia-Rodríguez, L; Mazo, A; Pérez-Torras, S, 2011)	2.08
"Gemcitabine (dFdC or Gem) is a water-soluble cytotoxic drug, with poor cellular uptake in the absence of a nucleoside transporter. "	( Interaction of self-assembled squalenoyl gemcitabine nanoparticles with phospholipid-cholesterol monolayers mimicking a biomembrane. Ambike, A; Couvreur, P; Lepêtre-Mouelhi, S; Rosilio, V; Stella, B, 2011)	2.08
"Gemcitabine is a promising drug for cholangiocarcinoma treatment. "	( Gene expression analysis for predicting gemcitabine resistance in human cholangiocarcinoma. Anazawa, T; Gotoh, M; Kenjo, A; Kimura, T; Saito, T; Sato, J; Sato, Y; Tsuchiya, T, 2011)	2.08
"Gemcitabine not only functions as a suicide nucleoside analog but also inhibits DNA polymerase activity and results in the termination of chain elongation."	( UBE2M-mediated p27(Kip1) degradation in gemcitabine cytotoxicity. Chao, SY; Chou, CH; Hour, TC; Hu, HT; Huang, AM; Kao, YT; Lin, PY; Liou, JY; Lu, CY; Pu, YS; Toh, S, 2011)	1.36
"Gemcitabine (dFdC) is a chemotherapeutic nucleoside analog that undergoes uptake via equilibrative nucleoside transporters (hENT) followed by sequential phosphorylation to the active triphosphate moiety (dFdCTP). "	( The deaminated metabolite of gemcitabine, 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine, modulates the rate of gemcitabine transport and intracellular phosphorylation via deoxycytidine kinase. Hodge, LS; Taub, ME; Tracy, TS, 2011)	2.1
"Gemcitabine is a deoxycytidine analog used in the treatment of various solid tumors. "	( Stearoyl gemcitabine nanoparticles overcome resistance related to the over-expression of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1. Chung, WG; Cui, Z; Lansakara-P, DS; Sandoval, MA; Sloat, BR, 2012)	2.24
"Gemcitabine is a promising adjuvant treatment for patients with resected pancreatic cancer. "	( Immunohistochemical analysis of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 (hENT1) predicts survival in resected pancreatic cancer patients treated with adjuvant gemcitabine monotherapy. Akaike, M; Kameda, Y; Mikayama, H; Miyagi, Y; Morinaga, S; Nakamura, Y; Ohkawa, S; Shiozawa, M; Tamagawa, H; Watanabe, T; Yamamoto, N, 2012)	2.02
"Gemcitabine is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent for a variety of tumors. "	( Gemcitabine-induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: a case report. Belfiglio, M; Cioffi, P; Grappasonni, I; Laudadio, L; Nuzzo, A; Petrelli, F, 2012)	3.26
"Gemcitabine is an established chemotherapy agent in several solid tumors. "	( Determination of the phosphorylated metabolites of gemcitabine and of difluorodeoxyuridine by LCMSMS. Giovannetti, E; Honeywell, RJ; Peters, GJ, 2011)	2.06
"Gemcitabine resistance is a common problem of pancreatic cancer chemotherapy, and how to reverse it plays an important role in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. "	( Emodin reverses gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in vitro. Bu, H; Chen, H; Guo, HC; Li, H; Lin, SZ; Liu, DL; Liu, HB; Ni, ZL; Tong, HF; Wang, ZH, 2012)	2.17
"Gemcitabine is a relatively new anticancer drug that has shown activity against bladder cancer."	( Intravesical gemcitabine for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Cleves, A; Jones, G; Kynaston, HG; Mason, M; Shelley, M; Wilt, TJ, 2012)	1.47
"Gemcitabine is a relatively new anticancer drug that has shown activity against bladder cancer."	( Intravesical gemcitabine therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC): a systematic review. Cleves, A; Jones, G; Kynaston, HG; Mason, MD; Shelley, MD; Wilt, TJ, 2012)	1.47
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog with many faces, which shows a remarkable activity in a variety of cancers, most likely because it has a unique metabolism, a so-called self-potentiation."	( Nucleoside and nucleobase analogs in cancer treatment: not only sapacitabine, but also gemcitabine. Diaz, I; Muggia, F; Peters, GJ, 2012)	1.32
"Gemcitabine is a key drug for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. "	( Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 level does not predict prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation including gemcitabine. Ishikawa, O; Katayama, K; Kawada, N; Nagata, S; Nakamura, S; Ohigashi, H; Takahashi, H; Tomita, Y; Uehara, H, 2012)	2.02
"Gemcitabine is a potent radiosensitizer. "	( A two-cohort phase I study of weekly oxaliplatin and gemcitabine, then oxaliplatin, gemcitabine, and erlotinib during radiotherapy for unresectable pancreatic carcinoma. Aklilu, M; Bernard, SA; Blackstock, AW; Davies, JM; Goldberg, RM; Ivanova, A; O'Neil, BH; Raftery, L; Tepper, JE, 2013)	2.08
"Gemcitabine hydrochloride is a very safe medicine that even outpatients can be administered, and the bone marrow depression that is the dose limiting factor remains moderate and does not need special treatment, although it is confirmed in most cases. "	( [Analysis of risk factors of drug-induced lung injury in patients receiving gemcitabine treatment]. Atsumi, I; Fujita, T; Miki, Y; Nakamichi, H; Nakamura, H; Shiokawa, M; Suzuki, R; Tomita, K; Totsuka, K; Tsuji, D, 2012)	2.05
"Gemcitabine is a deoxycytidine analog antimetabolite that is now accepted as first-line treatment for advanced and metastatic pancreatic carcinoma. "	( Gemcitabine-associated livedoid thrombotic microangiopathy with associated sclerema neonatorum-like microscopic changes. Cañueto, J; Fernández-López, E; Mir-Bonafé, JM; Román-Curto, C; Santos-Briz, A; Unamuno, P, 2012)	3.26
"Gemcitabine is an effective anti-cancer agent against solid tumors. "	( Gemcitabine causes telomere attrition by stabilizing TRF2. Chao, Y; Chu, WC; Lan, KH; Lee, SD; Lee, WP; Li, CP; Lin, HC; Su, CH; Tsai, YC, 2012)	3.26
"Gemcitabine (GEM) is a nucleoside analog agent against a wide variety of tumors. "	( Enhanced anticancer activity of gemcitabine coupling with conjugated linoleic acid against human breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. Feng, Q; Gao, SY; Tao, XM; Wang, JB; Wang, JC; Zhang, LR; Zhang, Q, 2012)	2.11
"Gemcitabine is a deoxycytidine analog used for the treatment of a wide range of solid tumors. "	( Silencing of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 potentiates the antitumor activity of gemcitabine in resistant cancer cells. Chung, WG; Cui, Z; Digiovanni, J; Kiguchi, K; Wonganan, P; Zhu, S, 2012)	2.04
"Gemcitabine is a standard of care for the treatment of pancreatic cancer."	( Molecular evidence for increased antitumor activity of gemcitabine in combination with a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, P276-00 in pancreatic cancers. Joshi, K; Joshi, KS; Khanwalkar, H; Manohar, SM; Rathos, MJ, 2012)	1.35
"Gemcitabine is a known cytotoxic agent with a wide spectrum of antitumor activity. "	( Role of chitosan nanoparticles in the oral absorption of Gemcitabine. Derakhshandeh, K; Fathi, S, 2012)	2.07
"Gemcitabine is an analogue of pyrimidine cytosine and functions as an anti-metabolite."	( Gemcitabine reactivates epigenetically silenced genes and functions as a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. Almgren, M; Baird, AM; Dockry, E; Ekström, TJ; Gray, SG; Hollywood, D; Meunier, A; Nikolaidis, G; O'Byrne, KJ; O'Kelly, F; Perry, AS, 2012)	2.54
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog that is currently the best available single-agent chemotherapeutic drug for pancreatic cancer. "	( Aptamer-mediated delivery of chemotherapy to pancreatic cancer cells. Cheek, MA; Ellington, AD; Li, N; Ray, P; Sharaf, ML; Shaw, BR; Sullenger, BA; White, RR, 2012)	1.82
"Gemcitabine is a promising candidate for single-agent maintenance therapy because of little toxicity and good tolerability."	( Randomized Phase II trial of paclitaxel and carboplatin followed by gemcitabine switch-maintenance therapy versus gemcitabine and carboplatin followed by gemcitabine continuation-maintenance therapy in previously untreated advanced non-small cell lung can Hirashima, T; Imamura, F; Kawase, I; Kijima, T; Komuta, K; Minami, S; Nakatani, T; Namba, Y; Ogata, Y; Okafuji, K; Osaki, T; Otsuka, T; Shiroyama, T; Tachibana, I; Uchida, J; Yamamoto, S, 2013)	1.35
"Gemcitabine is an excellent candidate for regional therapy. "	( Pharmacokinetics of intrathecal gemcitabine in nonhuman primates. Balis, FM; Berg, SL; Blaney, SM; Egorin, MJ; Kerr, JZ; McCully, CM; Zuhowski, EG, 2002)	2.04
"Gemcitabine/vinorelbine is an active, well-tolerated combination in both front-line and second/third-line therapy for Stage IIIB/IV NSCLC. "	( The novel and effective nonplatinum, nontaxane combination of gemcitabine and vinorelbine in advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma: potential for decreased toxicity and combination with biological therapy. Blumenschein, G; Fossella, FV; Glisson, BS; Herbst, RS; Hong, WK; Jung, MS; Khuri, FR; Kies, MS; Kurie, JM; Lee, JJ; Lee, JS; Liu, DD; Lu, C; Lu, R; Munden, RF; Papadimitrakopoulou, VA; Pisters, KM; Shin, DM; Zinner, R, 2002)	2
"Gemcitabine is a prodrug that requires intracellular activation by phosphorylation into its active triphosphate dFdCTP form."	( Role of deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) activity in gemcitabine's radioenhancement in mice and human cell lines in vitro. Bruniaux, M; De Bast, M; De Coster, B; Grégoire, V; Octave-Prignot, M; Rosier, JF; Scalliet, P, 2002)	1.29
"Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog with antitumor activity against solid tumor malignancies and leukemia. "	( Gemcitabine alone or combined with cisplatin in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Alesiani, F; Corvatta, L; Leoni, P; Malerba, L; Marconi, M; Mele, A; Offidani, M; Olivieri, A; Rupoli, S, 2002)	3.2
"Gemcitabine (Gem) is a deoxycytidine analogue whose active metabolite, dFdCTP, blocks DNA elongation and has a cytotoxic effect. "	( Time and sequence dependence of hydroxyurea in combination with gemcitabine in human KB cells. Hsu, M; Hu, E; Kay, K; Mi, S; Mo, X; Shih, J; Tsai, J; Yen, Y; Zhou, B, )	1.81
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue and its cytotoxicity is correlated with incorporation into genomic DNA and concomitant inhibition of DNA synthesis."	( Gemcitabine (2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine), an antimetabolite that poisons topoisomerase I. Gioffre, C; Gmeiner, WH; Goldwasser, F; Hertel, LW; Kohlhagen, G; Pommier, Y; Pon, RT; Pourquier, P; Urasaki, Y; Yu, S, 2002)	2.48
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue that has shown to have antineoplastic activity in different solid tumours (lung, pancreas, bladder, colon, ovarian, and breast cancer) and malignant mesothelioma. "	( Gemcitabine-induced erysipeloid skin lesions in a patient with malignant mesothelioma. Aydogdu, I; Kaya, E; Kuku, I; Sevinc, A, 2002)	3.2
"Gemcitabine is a newly developed drug for treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). "	( [Gemcitabine in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer: report of one case]. Duan, EY; Liu, AH; Wang, XS; Wu, YX; Zhou, Y, 2002)	2.67
"Gemcitabine is an active agent in pancreatic cancer, with known radiosensitizing properties. "	( Phase II study of gemcitabine combined with radiation therapy in patients with localized, unresectable pancreatic cancer. Epelbaum, R; Faraggi, D; Gaitini, D; Kuten, A; Mizrahi, S; Nasrallah, S; Rosenblatt, E, 2002)	2.09
"Gemcitabine is a new antimetabolite selected for clinical trials based on its activity in preclinical studies."	( [Gemicitabine in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer]. Gutierrez, M; Lhomme, C; Pautier, P, 2002)	1.04
"Gemcitabine is a molecule presenting with major radiosensitizing or radio-potentiator capacities. "	( [Combined gemcitabine and radiotherapy]. Mornex, F, 2002)	2.16
"Gemcitabine is a highly effective agent that warrants farther evaluation as a component of multidrug chemotherapy."	( Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and gemcitabine combination chemotherapy for treatment of metastatic and locally advanced breast cancer. Durgam, S; Levin, M; Novetsky, A, 2002)	1.31
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog with activity against solid tumors, including breast and non-small cell lung cancers."	( Early detection and successful treatment of drug-induced pneumonitis with corticosteroids. Ash-Bernal, R; Browner, I; Erlich, R, 2002)	1.04
"Gemcitabine is an active antitumor agent in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer, and has shown potential synergistic activity with the oral fluoropyrimidine capecitabine in previous phase I/II trials. "	( Biweekly high-dose gemcitabine alone or in combination with capecitabine in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a randomized phase II trial. Depisch, D; Haider, K; Kornek, GV; Kwasny, W; Lang, F; Raderer, M; Scheithauer, W; Schmid, K; Schneeweiss, B; Schüll, B; Ulrich-Pur, H, 2003)	2.09
"Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine nucleoside antimetabolite that is approved worldwide for the treatment of pancreatic and non-small cell lung cancers, and bladder cancer outside the United States."	( Preclinical and clinical studies with combinations of pemetrexed and gemcitabine. Adjei, AA, 2002)	1.27
"Gemcitabine cisplatin is a very active combination for this tumor, therefore we explored the activity of gemcitabine in combination with oxaliplatin."	( Induction chemotherapy with gemcitabine and oxaliplatin for locally advanced cervical carcinoma. Chanona, G; de la Garza, J; Dueñas-González, A; Gomez, E; González, A; López-Graniel, C; Mohar, A; Rivera, L; Trejo-Becerril, C, 2003)	1.33
"Gemcitabine is an effective drug against NSCLC and has a structure similar to cytarabine, which has been widely used in intrathecal chemotherapy."	( Intrathecal gemcitabine chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer patients with meningeal carcinomatosis--a case report. Chen, MC; Chen, YM; Perng, RP; Tsai, CM, 2003)	1.42
"Gemcitabine is an antimetabolite drug with proven antitumor activity and tolerability in metastatic breast cancer. "	( Role of gemcitabine in the treatment of advanced and metastatic breast cancer. Heinemann, V, 2003)	2.2
"Gemcitabine is a novel agent that has also shown good antitumor activity in advanced breast cancer."	( Gemcitabine and anthracyclines in breast cancer. Jassem, J, 2003)	2.48
"Gemcitabine and docetaxel is an active second-line combination in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. "	( Phase II trial of gemcitabine and docetaxel in patients with advanced carcinoma of the urothelium: a trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Dreicer, R; George, CS; Manola, J; Roth, BJ; Schneider, DJ; Schwerkoske, JF; Wilding, G, 2003)	2.1
"Gemcitabine is an antimetabolite similar in structure to cytosine arabinoside with early studies demonstrating activity in a variety of cancers."	( Gemcitabine, Paclitaxel, and piritrexim: a phase I study. Alberti, D; Arzoomanian, RZ; Bailey, HH; Binger, K; Feierabend, C; Liu, G; Marnocha, R; Thomas, JP; Volkman, J; Wilding, G, 2003)	2.48
"Gemcitabine (dFdC) is a pyrimidine antimetabolite with broad spectrum activity against tumors. "	( Simultaneous determination of gemcitabine and its metabolite in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. Aksoy, Y; Kadioğlu, YY; Yilmaz, B, 2003)	2.05
"Gemcitabine is a novel nucleoside analogue with clinical anticancer activity in several malignancies. "	( A phase II trial of gemcitabine in the treatment of advanced bile duct and periampullary carcinomas. Chen, HH; Chen, JS; Lin, MH; Su, WC, 2003)	2.09
"Gemcitabine is an important drug in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. "	( [Acute pulmonary toxicity due to gemcitabine: a role for asbestos exposure?]. Barlési, F; Doddoli, C; Gimenez, C; Greillier, L; Kleisbauer, JP; Lima, G, 2003)	2.04
"Gemcitabine is a deoxycytidine analogue, used intravenously in the treatment of several tumours, including transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. "	( Pharmacokinetics of intravesical gemcitabine: a preclinical study in pigs. Peters, GJ; Schalken, JA; van der Heijden, AG; Vriesema, JL; Witjes, JA, 2003)	2.04
"Gemcitabine is an active agent in NSCLC with a good toxicity profile and lends itself to this type of investigation."	( Domiciliary chemotherapy with gemcitabine is safe and acceptable to advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients: results of a feasibility study. Addington-Hall, JM; Anderson, H; Keane, K; McKendrik, J; Peake, MD; Thatcher, N, 2003)	1.33
"Gemcitabine is an approved antimetabolite chemotherapeutic agent effective as single agent in patients with solid tumors (ST)."	( Mistletoe and gemcitabine in patients with advanced cancer: a model for the phase I study of botanicals and botanical-drug interactions in cancer therapy. Blackman, MR; Grem, J; Mansky, PJ; Monahan, BP; Wallerstedt, DB, 2003)	1.4
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog that can affect cell-mediated immunity, and this may contribute to an increased risk of reactivation of hepatitis B."	( Gemcitabine and reactivation of hepatitis B. Cheong, K; Karapetis, CS; Li, J, 2003)	2.48
"Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine nucleoside antimetabolite that has shown activity in a variety of solid tumors, a good toxicity profile, and non-overlapping toxicity with other chemotherapeutic drugs."	( Rationale for the use of gemcitabine in breast cancer (Review). Andreola, G; Crucitta, E; D'Aprile, M; De Lena, M; Locopo, N; Lorusso, V; Marini, L; Silvestris, N, 2004)	1.35
"Gemcitabine is a deoxycytidine analogue, used systemically for several tumours, such as non-localised bladder cancer, where it is effective and well tolerated."	( Intravesical gemcitabine: a phase 1 and pharmacokinetic study. Laan, A; Peters, GJ; Schalken, JA; van der Heijden, AG; Vriesema, JL; Witjes, JA, 2004)	1.41
"Gemcitabine (GEM) is an alternative chemotherapeutic agent for patients with metastatic bladder cancer. "	( Gemcitabine-induced vasculitis in advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Akar, S; Akkoc, N; Birlik, M; Kirkali, Z; Manisali, M; Onen, F; Ozer, E; Tuzel, E, 2004)	3.21
"Gemcitabine is a relatively new deoxycytidine analog (2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine) with structural similarities to cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). "	( Gemcitabine-induced severe pulmonary toxicity. Barlési, F; Doddoli, C; Gimenez, C; Kleisbauer, JP; Villani, P, 2004)	3.21
"Gemcitabine is an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase (RR) and DNA synthesis and is an effective agent in the treatment of pancreas cancer. "	( Synergistic cytotoxicity and pharmacogenetics of gemcitabine and pemetrexed combination in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Danesi, R; Del Tacca, M; Giovannetti, E; Mey, V; Mosca, I, 2004)	2.02
"Gemcitabine is an analogue of deoxycytidine with activity against several solid tumors. "	( Resistance to gemcitabine in a human follicular lymphoma cell line is due to partial deletion of the deoxycytidine kinase gene. Clarke, ML; Cros, E; Dumontet, C; Galmarini, CM; Jordheim, L; Mackey, JR; Santos, CL, 2004)	2.13
"Gemcitabine seems to be an attractive agent for salvage chemotherapy in ovarian carcinoma patients who failed with prior lines of chemotherapy."	( Long-term disease-free survival effected by gemcitabine in a heavily pretreated patient with recurrent ovarian carcinoma. Piura, B, 2005)	2.03
"Gemcitabine is a nucleosid analog approved for use in the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. "	( Gemcitabine-associated scleroderma-like changes of the lower extremities. Bessis, D; Guilhou, JJ; Guillot, B; Legouffe, E, 2004)	3.21
"Gemcitabine is a promising agent for the treatment of resectable advanced pancreatic cancer, and a randomized control trial is warranted for gemcitabine-based chemotherapy."	( [Role of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine for pancreatic cancer: feasibility and anti-tumor effect]. Hatakeyama, K; Kurosaki, I; Shimizu, T; Tsuchiya, Y, 2004)	1.3
"Gemcitabine is a new standard chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, but the mechanisms of gemcitabine sensitivity are still controversial. "	( Selenoprotein P, as a predictor for evaluating gemcitabine resistance in human pancreatic cancer cells. Maehara, S; Maehara, Y; Saito, Y; Shimada, M; Shirabe, K; Takahashi, K; Tanaka, S, 2004)	2.02
"Gemcitabine is a promising compound for the treatment of human lung cancer. "	( Extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation and Bcl-2 downregulation mediate apoptosis after gemcitabine treatment partly via a p53-independent pathway. Chang, GC; Chen, CY; Hsu, SL; Sheu, GT; Tsai, JR; Wu, WJ, 2004)	1.98
"Gemcitabine is a known anticancer agent rapidly deaminated to the inactive metabolite 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine; it must therefore be administered at very high dose. "	( Preparation, characterization, cytotoxicity and pharmacokinetics of liposomes containing lipophilic gemcitabine prodrugs. Arpicco, S; Brusa, P; Cattel, L; Ceruti, M; Immordino, ML; Rocco, F, 2004)	1.98
"Gemcitabine is a deoxycytidine analog, which can be inactivated by deamination catalyzed by deoxycytidine deaminase (dCDA). "	( Antiproliferative activity and mechanism of action of fatty acid derivatives of gemcitabine in leukemia and solid tumor cell lines and in human xenografts. Bergman, AM; Breistøl, K; Comijn, EM; Fodstad, O; Hendriks, HR; Kuiper, CM; Myhren, F; Noordhuis, P; Peters, GJ; Sandvold, ML; Smid, K; Voorn, DA, 2004)	1.99
"Gemcitabine is a commonly used chemotherapy for biliary tree carcinomas, achieving response rates of 10% to 60%. "	( A Phase II trial of fixed dose rate gemcitabine in patients with advanced biliary tree carcinoma. Dai, L; Eng, C; Kindler, HL; Mani, S; Ramanathan, RK; Ramathan, RK; Remick, SC; Wade-Oliver, KT; Wong, MK, 2004)	2.04
"Gemcitabine is a rather new anti-cancer agent, which is quite potent against a range of drug resistant tumors, particularly breast cancer."	( Acetaminophen and DMSO modulate growth and gemcitabine cytotoxicity in FM3A breast cancer cells in vitro. Altinoz, MA; Bilir, A; Guneri, AD, 2004)	1.31
"Gemcitabine is a promising new chemotherapeutic agent that can be used safely in dogs with cancer."	( Clinical evaluation of gemcitabine in dogs with spontaneously occurring malignancies. Couto, CG; Gallant, SL; Kisseberth, WC; Kosarek, CE, )	1.16
"Gemcitabine is a pro-drug that has to be phosphorylated to gemcitabine-triphosphate in order to exhibit its antineoplastic activity. "	( Prolonged infusion of gemcitabine in advanced solid tumors: a phase-I-study. Beinert, T; Flath, B; Possinger, K; Schmid, P; Schweigert, M; Sezer, O, 2005)	2.09
"Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine analog that is active in patients with aggressive lymphomas and Hodgkin disease. "	( A phase II study of single agent gemcitabine in relapsed or refractory follicular or small lymphocytic non-Hodgkin lymphomas: a Hoosier Oncology Group Study. Bufill, J; Cripe, LD; Fisher, W; Ganjoo, KN; Huh, SY; Jung, SH; McClean, J; Robertson, MJ; Williams, S, 2005)	2.05
"Gemcitabine is a novel nucleoside analogue, which acts synergistically with cisplatin both in vitro and in clinical studies."	( Gemcitabine, cisplatin and methylprednisolone (GEM-P) is an effective salvage regimen in patients with relapsed and refractory lymphoma. Catovsky, D; Chau, I; Cunningham, D; Hill, M; Horwich, A; Ng, M; Norman, AR; Waters, J; Wotherspoon, A, 2005)	2.49
"Gemcitabine is a deoxycytidine analog that inhibits DNA synthesis and repair and has a broad spectrum of antitumor activity."	( Phase II study of gemcitabine in children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute myelogenous leukemia (ADVL0022): a Children's Oncology Group Report. Angiolillo, AL; Chen, Z; Krailo, M; Reaman, G; Whitlock, J, 2006)	1.39
"Gemcitabine (G) is a novel deoxycitidine analogue that has been proven to be a potent radiosensitizer."	( Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with low dose weekly gemcitabine in stage III non-small cell lung cancer. Abacioglu, U; Caglar, H; Sengoz, M; Turhal, NS; Yumuk, PF, 2005)	1.3
"Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine antimetabolite which has shown activity in metastatic breast cancer both as a single agent, but also in various combination regimens. "	( Gemcitabine in metastatic breast cancer. Heinemann, V, 2005)	3.21
"Gemcitabine (dFdCyd) is an analog of cytosine arabinoside with anti-tumor activity in several human cancers. "	( Gemcitabine inhibits viability, growth, and metastasis of osteosarcoma cell lines. Ando, T; Hamada, Y; Ichikawa, J; Nakao, A; Okamoto, A; Tasaka, K, 2005)	3.21
"Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog that is clinically active against pancreatic cancer. "	( Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is necessary for gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity in human pancreatic cancer cells. Habiro, A; Izawa, T; Kohgo, Y; Koizumi, K; Mizukami, Y; Nakano, Y; Okumura, T; Tanno, S, )	1.81
"Gemcitabine seems to be a promising new drug without severe burden even for patients who are refractory to other cytostatic drugs."	( Gemcitabine in the treatment of advanced head and neck cancer. Bier, J; Gath, HJ; Oettle, H; Raguse, JD; Riess, H, 2005)	2.49
"Gemcitabine is a newer pyrimidine analog used for the treatment of solid tumors. "	( Gemcitabine-induced respiratory failure associated with elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Arunabh, T; Davidoff, S; Shah, RD, 2006)	3.22
"Gemcitabine is a deoxycytidine (dCyd) analogue with activity against several solid cancers. "	( In vivo induction of resistance to gemcitabine results in increased expression of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 as the major determinant. Bergman, AM; Eijk, PP; Hubeek, I; Peters, GJ; Ruiz van Haperen, VW; Smid, K; van den Ijssel, P; Veerman, G; Ylstra, B, 2005)	2.05
"Gemcitabine is an effective treatment for Hodgkin's disease. "	( Gemcitabine in the treatment of relapsed and refractory Hodgkin's disease. Aurer, I; Bogdanić, V; Labar, B; Mrsić, M; Nemet, D; Radman, I; Sertić, D; Zupancić-Salek, S, 2005)	3.21
"Gemcitabine-paclitaxel is a dominated option with higher costs and a reduction in mean survival time compared with cisplatin-paclitaxel."	( Economic evaluation of three two-drug chemotherapy regimens in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Lianes, P; Neymark, N; Smit, EF; van Meerbeeck, JP, 2005)	1.05
"Gemcitabine is a commonly used therapy for many solid tumors. "	( Expression microarray analysis and oligo array comparative genomic hybridization of acquired gemcitabine resistance in mouse colon reveals selection for chromosomal aberrations. Bergman, AM; Costa, JL; Meijer, GA; Oudejans, CB; Peters, GJ; Smid, K; van de Wiel, MA; Ylstra, B, 2005)	1.99
"Gemcitabine is a novel agent that has shown consistent activity as a single agent in the treatment of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer and a favorable toxicity profile."	( Gemcitabine in epithelial ovarian cancer treatment: current role and future perspectives. Adamo, V; Ferrandina, G; Fruscella, E; Lorusso, D; Marini, L; Scambia, G, )	2.3
"Gemcitabine considered is to be a well-tolerated cytostatic drug with little known side effects. "	( Bullous dermatosis associated with gemcitabine therapy for non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Amal, K; Fethi, el M; Habib, G; Imen, A; Ines, Z; Sameh, el F, 2006)	2.05
"Gemcitabine is a cytosine arabinoside prodrug analog which shows significant activity, as single agent, in metastatic breast cancer."	( [Metastatic breast cancer: new chemotherapy regimens with taxanes]. Lopez, M, )	0.85
"Gemcitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat a variety of cancers in humans and dogs. "	( Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine and its primary metabolite in dogs after intravenous bolus dosing and its in vitro pharmacodynamics. Freise, KJ; Martín-Jiménez, T, 2006)	2.1
"Gemcitabine is a relatively new chemotherapeutic compound used to treat a variety of cancers in dogs. "	( Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine and its primary metabolite in dogs after intravenous infusion. Freise, KJ; Martín-Jiménez, T, 2006)	2.1
"Gemcitabine is a purine analog with known activity in many solid tumors, namely lung, breast, pancreatic, genitourinary and head/neck cancers. "	( Gemcitabine and atrial fibrillation: a rare manifestation of chemotherapy toxicity. Carbone, C; Codecà, C; Ferrari, D; Foa, P; Fumagalli, L; Gilardi, L; Marussi, D; Oldani, S; Tartaro, T; Zannier, F, 2006)	3.22
"Gemcitabine is an interesting candidate for a three-drug combination because of its different mechanism of action and non-overlapping toxicity with respect to the other two drugs."	( Phase II study of gemcitabine, doxorubicin and paclitaxel (GAT) as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer: a translational research experience. Amadori, D; Frassineti, GL; Gianni, L; Maltoni, R; Massa, I; Milandri, C; Nanni, O; Passardi, A; Zoli, W; Zumaglini, F, 2006)	1.39
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue with activity against solid tumors. "	( Gemcitabine pharmacogenomics: cytidine deaminase and deoxycytidylate deaminase gene resequencing and functional genomics. Ames, MM; Eckloff, BW; Gilbert, JA; Ji, Y; Pelleymounter, LL; Salavaggione, OE; Weinshilboum, RM; Wieben, ED, 2006)	3.22
"Gemcitabine is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent structurally and pharmacologically similar to cytarabine. "	( Clinical features and correlates of gemcitabine-associated lung injury: findings from the RADAR project. Belknap, SM; Bennett, CL; Kuzel, TM; Lyons, EA; Raisch, DW; Slimack, N; Yarnold, PR, 2006)	2.05
"Gemcitabine is an active agent in pancreatic cancer, showing clinical synergy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). "	( Gemcitabine combined with 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the pancreas. Andreadis, C; Gennatas, C; Michalaki, V; Mouratidou, D; Photopoulos, A; Tsavaris, N; Voros, D, )	3.02
"Gemcitabine (dFdC) is an active antitumour agent with radiosensitising properties, shown both in preclinical and clinical studies. "	( The relation between deoxycytidine kinase activity and the radiosensitising effect of gemcitabine in eight different human tumour cell lines. De Pooter, CM; Kamphuis, JA; Korst, AE; Lambrechts, HA; Lardon, F; Pattyn, GG; Pauwels, B; Peters, GJ; Vermorken, JB, 2006)	2
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue with proven activity in advanced and metastatic breast cancer. "	( Gemcitabine: monochemotherapy of breast cancer. Ferrazzi, E; Stievano, L, 2006)	3.22
"Gemcitabine is a novel agent that has shown promising activity as a single agent in the treatment of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer and a favorable toxicity profile."	( Role of gemcitabine in ovarian cancer treatment. Di Stefano, A; Fanfani, F; Lorusso, D; Scambia, G, 2006)	1.49
"Gemcitabine is an acceptable control arm for future trials investigating scheduling and combinations with novel agents."	( Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for inoperable advanced pancreatic cancer. Goldstein, D; Karapetis, C; Steer, CB; Strickland, A; Yip, D, 2006)	1.06
"Gemcitabine is an effective monotherapy with a 68% overall response rate in patients with advanced, heavily pretreated CTCL."	( Phase II evaluation of gemcitabine monotherapy for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Apisarnthanarax, N; David, CL; Duvic, M; Kurzrock, R; Talpur, R; Wen, S, 2006)	2.09
"Gemcitabine (dFdCyd) is a deoxycytidine analogue showing a broad spectrum of cytotoxic activity; additionally, at non-cytotoxic concentrations, it is a potent radiosensitiser. "	( Gemcitabine treatment of experimental C6 glioma: the effects on cell cycle and apoptotic rate. Brunetti, E; Bucci, B; Canese, R; Carapella, CM; Caroli, F; Carpinelli, G; D'Agnano, I; Giannarelli, D; Podo, F; Raus, L, )	3.02
"Gemcitabine/carboplatin is a convenient and effective treatment for advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but modification of the schedule to diminish thrombocytopenia is worthwhile."	( Randomized, multicenter, open-label phase II study of gemcitabine plus single-dose versus split-dose carboplatin in the treatment of patients with advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. Blankenburg, T; Chemaissani, A; Guetz, S; Laier-Groeneveld, G; Reck, M; Schneider, CP; Schuette, W; Virchow, JC; von Weikersthal, LF, 2006)	2.02
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog with clinical relevance in the treatment of several solid tumors, including breast carcinoma. "	( Gene expression profiling of breast cancer cells in response to gemcitabine: NF-kappaB pathway activation as a potential mechanism of resistance. Antón, A; Cuevas, C; Hernández-Vargas, H; Julián-Tendero, M; Moreno-Bueno, G; Palacios, J; Ríos, MJ; Rodríguez-Pinilla, SM; Sánchez-Rovira, P, 2007)	2.02
"Gemcitabine is a first line agent for pancreatic cancer, but yields minimal survival benefit. "	( Treatment with gemcitabine and TRA-8 anti-death receptor-5 mAb reduces pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell viability in vitro and growth in vivo. Buchsbaum, DJ; DeRosier, LC; Huang, ZQ; Sellers, JC; Vickers, SM, 2006)	2.13
"Gemcitabine is an anticancer agent rapidly deaminated to the inactive metabolite 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine. "	( Characterization of lipophilic gemcitabine prodrug-liposomal membrane interaction by differential scanning calorimetry. Castelli, F; Cattel, L; Ceruti, M; Rocco, F; Sarpietro, MG, )	1.86
"Gemcitabine is a nucleotide analogue with a broad spectrum of anticancer activity."	( Phase I study of bryostatin 1 and gemcitabine. El-Rayes, BF; Gadgeel, S; Lorusso, P; Manza, S; Philip, PA; Shields, AF, 2006)	1.33
"Gemcitabine is an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase (RR) and DNA polymerization with promising activity in hematologic malignancies. "	( Cytotoxic activity of gemcitabine and correlation with expression profile of drug-related genes in human lymphoid cells. Barsanti, G; Danesi, R; Del Tacca, M; Giovannetti, E; Loni, L; Mey, V; Nannizzi, S; Ricciardi, S; Savarino, G, 2007)	2.1
"Gemcitabine is a deoxycytidine analogue that exhibits antitumoral activity against adenocarcinomas of the colon, lung and pancreas. "	( Antitumor activity and pharmacokinetics of liposomes containing lipophilic gemcitabine prodrugs. Brusa, P; Cattel, L; Immordino, ML; Rocco, F, )	1.8
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue that is incorporated into replicating DNA, resulting in partial chain termination and stalling of replication forks. "	( H2AX phosphorylation marks gemcitabine-induced stalled replication forks and their collapse upon S-phase checkpoint abrogation. Ewald, B; Plunkett, W; Sampath, D, 2007)	2.08
"Gemcitabine is an antimetabolite agent that is active against lung and pancreatic cancers."	( Circadian physiology is a toxicity target of the anticancer drug gemcitabine in mice. Lévi, F; Li, XM, 2007)	1.3
"Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine nucleoside analogue anticancer agent that has shown promising anti-tumor activity in several experimental models of brain tumor. "	( Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine in tumor and non-tumor extracellular fluid of brain: an in vivo assessment in rats employing intracerebral microdialysis. Apparaju, SK; Desai, PB; Gudelsky, GA, 2008)	2.11
"Gemcitabine monotherapy is a sufficiently active and well-tolerated therapy for patients who have previously undergone chemotherapy with a platinum-based regimen."	( Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine monotherapy in patients with transitional cell carcinoma after Cisplatin-containing therapy: a Japanese experience. Akaza, H; Miki, T; Miyanaga, N; Naito, S; Taniai, H; Usami, M, 2007)	2.09
"Gemcitabine is an efficacious cytotoxic agent used in the treatment of unresectable pancreatic carcinoma (PC). "	( Ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 mRNA expression in pretreatment biopsies obtained from unresectable pancreatic carcinomas. Fukushima, N; Itoi, T; Itokawa, F; Kasuya, K; Kurihara, T; Moriyasu, F; Sofuni, A; Tsuchida, A; Tsuchiya, T, 2007)	1.78
"Gemcitabine is a deoxycytidine analogue that has a broad spectrum of antitumour activity in many solid tumours including pancreatic cancer. "	( Pharmacogenomics of gemcitabine: can genetic studies lead to tailor-made therapy? Kaniwa, N; Kiyosawa, K; Ueno, H, 2007)	2.11
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue that inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and interferes with DNA replication."	( Short versus continuous gemcitabine treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in an in vitro cell culture bioreactor system. Fisher, JE; Kirstein, MN; Kratzke, RA; Le, CT; Marker, PH; Wieman, KM; Williams, BW; Yee, D, 2007)	1.37
"Gemcitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent whose cutaneous toxicities are easily mistaken for infections. "	( Gemcitabine-related "pseudocellulitis": report of 2 cases and review of the literature. Bunce, PE; Gold, WL; Liles, WC; Tan, DH, 2007)	3.23
"Gemcitabine-oxaliplatin is an active and tolerable combination with response rate that merits further study in patients with impaired renal function but good performance status."	( Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin combination: a multicenter phase II trial in unfit patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer. Albanell, J; Bellmunt, J; Berrocal, A; Carles, J; Climent, M; Esteban, E; Fabregat, X; Font, A; Garcia-Ribas, I; Gonzalez-Larriba, JL; Marfa, X, 2007)	3.23
"Gemcitabine is a widely used clinical chemotherapeutic agent against locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer."	( Effects of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib on gene expression profiles of pancreatic cancer cells. Gao, SL; Shen, HW; Tang, ZY; Wu, YL, 2008)	1.07
"Gemcitabine (GEM) is a potent radiosensitizer and in addition has activity as an anticancer agent in SCCHN."	( Phase II feasibility study of concurrent radiotherapy and gemcitabine in chemonaive patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: long-term follow up data. Dyck, J; Huizing, MT; Schrijvers, D; Specenier, PM; Van den Brande, J; Van den Weyngaert, D; Van Laer, C; Vermorken, JB; Weyler, J, 2007)	1.31
"Gemcitabine is a structural analogue of the deoxycytidine with 2 fluorine atoms."	( [Gemcitabine: from preclinic to clinic passing by pharmacokinetics]. Lansiaux, A; Lokiec, F, 2007)	1.97
"Gemcitabine is a well-tolerated anti-tumour drug with broad-spectrum activity. "	( [Gemcitabine and digestive carcinomas]. André, T; Blanchard, P; Huguet, F, 2007)	2.69
"Gemcitabine-squalene is a new prodrug that self-organizes in water forming nanoassemblies. "	( Simultaneous determination of gemcitabine and gemcitabine-squalene by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in human plasma. Couvreur, P; Deroussent, A; Khoury, H; Paci, A; Reddy, LH; Vassal, G, 2007)	2.07
"Gemcitabine is an antimetabolite drug used in the treatment of various solid tumours, including lung, pancreatic or gynaecological cancers. "	( Toxic death case in a patient undergoing gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in relation with cytidine deaminase downregulation. Blesius, A; Ciccolini, J; Dahan, L; Duluc, M; Dupuis, C; Evrard, A; Favre, R; Franceschini, F; Giacometti, S; Mercier, C; Milano, G; Ortiz, A; Raynal, C; Salas, S; Seitz, JF, 2007)	2.05
"Gemcitabine/vinorelbine is a reasonable nonplatinum agent-based doublet therapy for patients with advanced NSCLC."	( Paclitaxel/Carboplatin/gemcitabine versus gemcitabine/vinorelbine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase II/III study of the Minnie Pearl Cancer Research Network. Burris, HA; Gandhi, JG; Gray, JR; Greco, FA; Hainsworth, JD; Kuzur, ME; Pati, A; Shipley, D; Spigel, DR; Thompson, DS; Webb, CD; Yardley, DA, 2007)	1.37
"Gemcitabine is an anticancer drug which is metabolized to a number of metabolites, administered using different dosing regimens and increasingly used in combination with oxaliplatin."	( Population pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine and its metabolite in patients with cancer: effect of oxaliplatin and infusion rate. Galettis, P; Jiang, X; Links, M; McLachlan, AJ; Mitchell, PL, 2008)	1.35
"Gemcitabine is an antimetabolite that is incorporated as a triphosphate into DNA."	( Role of gemcitabine in metastatic breast cancer patients: a short review. Cinieri, S; La Torre, I; Lorusso, V; Numico, G; Orlando, L; Pezzella, G; Silvestris, N, 2008)	1.5
"Gemcitabine is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent for a variety of tumor types. "	( Gemcitabine-induced reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. George, TJ; Rajasekhar, A, 2007)	3.23
"Gemcitabine is a new important drug used to treat solid tumors including non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic, bladder and breast cancers. "	( [Favorable outcome of gemcitabine-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome]. Aletti, M; Bauduceau, O; Bonnichon, A; Borne, M; Ceccaldi, B; Fayolle, M; Le Moulec, S; Margery, J; Vedrine, L, 2007)	2.1
"Gemcitabine is an active agent in the treatment of bladder cancer. "	( Primary chemotherapy with low-dose prolonged infusion gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with bladder cancer: a Phase II trial. Abdel Warith, A; El Malt, O; Emara, ME; Gaafar, RM; Khaled, H; Mansour, O; Zaghloul, MS, )	1.82
"Gemcitabine is a chemotherapeutic drug widely used in the treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma, especially in advanced lung adenocarcinoma. "	( NS-398 enhances the efficacy of gemcitabine against lung adenocarcinoma through up-regulation of p21WAF1 and p27KIP1 protein. Chen, XJ; Qu, X; Xiao, W; Zhou, SY, 2008)	2.07
"Gemcitabine is a key agent for the first-line therapy of advanced pancreatic cancer."	( [Chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer]. Kim, YT, 2008)	1.07
"Gemcitabine-based therapy is an acceptable standard for unresectable locally advanced/metastatic pancreatic cancer, but average median survival is only 6 months."	( New directions in the management of advanced pancreatic cancer: a review. Rocha-Lima, CM, 2008)	1.07
"Gemcitabine is a strong radiosensitizer, and a phase I study confirmed the feasibility of CCR with low-dose gemcitabine administered twice-weekly in NSCLC patients."	( Induction chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine followed by concurrent chemoradiation with twice-weekly gemcitabine in unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer: final results of a phase II study. Algara, M; Bastus, R; Blanco, R; Bover, I; Domenech, M; Gay, M; Mesía, C; Montesinos, J; Nogué, M; Solé, J; Terrassa, J; Vadell, C, 2008)	1.33
"Gemcitabine is an effective drug in advanced biliary tract carcinoma with a low toxicity profile. "	( Chemotherapy with gemcitabine in advanced biliary tract carcinoma. Gerson, R; Serrano, A, 2008)	2.12
"Gemcitabine (dFdC) is a new anticancer nucleoside that is an analog of deoxycytidine. "	( Gemcitabine: metabolism, mechanisms of action, and self-potentiation. Gandhi, V; Grunewald, R; Heinemann, V; Huang, P; Plunkett, W; Xu, YZ, 1995)	3.18
"Gemcitabine is a novel nucleoside analog that has shown clinical activity in a variety of solid tumors. "	( Radiosensitization of human tumor cells by gemcitabine in vitro. Lawrence, TS; Shewach, DS, 1995)	2
"Gemcitabine (GEM) is a novel deoxycytidine analogue which has shown promising antitumor activity in solid tumor models and a broad range of schedule-dependent MTDs (12-4560 mg/m2) in preliminary clinical studies. "	( Weekly gemcitabine in advanced or metastatic solid tumors. A clinical phase I study. Calabresi, F; Ceribelli, A; Crecco, M; Pollera, CF, 1994)	2.19
"Gemcitabine is a new pyrimidine antimetabolite with novel metabolic properties and mechanism of action. "	( A phase II study of Gemcitabine (LY 188011) in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. EORTC Early Clinical Trials Group. Bruntsch, U; Catimel, G; Clavel, M; de Mulder, P; Judson, I; Piccart, M; Sessa, C; Vermorken, JB; Verweij, J; Wanders, J, 1994)	2.05
"Gemcitabine is a drug with documented anti-tumor activity in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck."	( A phase II study of Gemcitabine (LY 188011) in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. EORTC Early Clinical Trials Group. Bruntsch, U; Catimel, G; Clavel, M; de Mulder, P; Judson, I; Piccart, M; Sessa, C; Vermorken, JB; Verweij, J; Wanders, J, 1994)	2.05
"Gemcitabine is a well-tolerated new drug with activity in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients."	( Phase II study of gemcitabine (2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine) in previously treated ovarian cancer patients. Hansen, M; Hansen, OP; Lund, B; Neijt, JP; Theilade, K, 1994)	2.07
"Gemcitabine is a novel nucleoside analog which demonstrated a broad spectrum of preclinical activity in solid tumor models, and responses in patients with pancreas cancer during phase I evaluation. "	( Phase II trial of gemcitabine (2,2'-difluorodeoxycytidine) in patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Brown, TD; Casper, ES; Flombaum, CD; Green, MR; Heelan, RT; Kelsen, DP; Tarassoff, PG; Trochanowski, B, 1994)	2.07
"Gemcitabine is a new ara-C derivative and shows much more potent cytotoxic action than ara-C, which may be explained by the fact that its intracellular concentration can be maintained over a longer period. "	( [Antitumor activity of combination treatment combining gemcitabine with cisplatin or vindesine against human lung cancer xenografted in nude mice]. Fujita, F; Fujita, M; Sakamoto, Y, 1994)	1.98
"Gemcitabine is a water-soluble analogue of deoxycytidine which has shown significant antitumour activity in a broad panel of slow-growing murine and human carcinomas. "	( Gemcitabine in patients with advanced malignant melanoma or gastric cancer: phase II studies of the EORTC Early Clinical Trials Group. Aamdal, S; Eppelbaum, R; Franklin, H; Sessa, C; Smyth, JF; Sulkes, A; Ten Bokkel Huinink, W; Vermorken, J; Wanders, J; Wolff, I, 1994)	3.17
"Gemcitabine is an active new agent in the treatment of NSCLC. "	( Single-agent activity of weekly gemcitabine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase II study. Anderson, H; Bach, F; Hansen, HH; Lund, B; Thatcher, N; Walling, J, 1994)	2.01
"Gemcitabine (dFdC) is a new cytidine analogue which is active mainly by the incorporation of its triphosphate (dFdCTP) into DNA, leading to cell death. "	( 2',2'-Difluoro-deoxycytidine (gemcitabine) incorporation into RNA and DNA of tumour cell lines. Peters, GJ; Ruiz van Haperen, VW; Veerman, G; Vermorken, JB, 1993)	2.02
"Gemcitabine is a fluorine-substituted cytarabine analog with broad experimental antitumor activity. "	( Gemcitabine: a phase II study in patients with advanced renal cancer. Blatter, J; De Mulder, PH; Jakse, G; Osieka, R; Weissbach, L, 1996)	3.18
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue with activity in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). "	( Gemcitabine in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Burkes, RL; Shepherd, FA, 1995)	3.18
"Gemcitabine is a novel nucleoside analogue with activity in solid tumours. "	( Activity of gemcitabine in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a multicentre, extended phase II study. Burkes, RL; Cortes-Funes, H; Cottier, B; Gatzemeier, U; Gottfried, M; Groen, HJ; Le Chevalier, T; Mattson, K; Rosso, R; Shepherd, FA; Tonato, M; Voi, M; Weynants, P, 1996)	2.12
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue developed for use in solid tumours."	( Economic value of gemcitabine compared to cisplatin and etoposide in non-small cell lung cancer. Copley-Merriman, C; Corral, J; Dorr, FA; King, K; McDonald, RC; Voi, M; Whiteside, R, 1996)	1.35
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog which exhibits metabolic characteristics that distinguish it from related compounds and may explain its activity in solid tumors. "	( Gemcitabine: preclinical pharmacology and mechanisms of action. Gandhi, V; Huang, P; Plunkett, W; Searcy, CE, 1996)	3.18
"Gemcitabine is a new deoxycytidine analog that exhibits significant cytotoxicity against a variety of cultured murine and human tumor cells. "	( Comparison of the antitumor activity of gemcitabine and ara-C in a panel of human breast, colon, lung and pancreatic xenograft models. Boder, GB; Grindey, GB; Hertel, LW; Houghton, JA; Houghton, PJ; Merriman, RL; Rutherford, PG; Schultz, RM; Tanzer, LR, 1996)	2
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue with excellent clinical activity against solid tumors. "	( Gemcitabine and radiosensitization in human tumor cells. Lawrence, TS; Shewach, DS, 1996)	3.18
"Gemcitabine is a deoxycytidine-analogue antimetabolite with activity against some solid tumors."	( Gemcitabine: a cytidine analogue active against solid tumors. Hui, YF; Reitz, J, 1997)	2.46
"Gemcitabine is a well-tolerated chemotherapeutic agent for NSCLC. "	( Gemcitabine versus the combination of cisplatin and etoposide in patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer in a phase II randomized study. Chen, YM; Lin, WC; Ming-Liu, J; Perng, RP; Tsai, CM; Whang-Peng, J; Yang, KY, 1997)	3.18
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue with significant antitumour activity in many human solid tumours."	( Advanced breast cancer: investigational role of gemcitabine. Carmichael, J; Walling, J, 1997)	1.27
"Gemcitabine is a potent radiosensitizer of human tumor cells. "	( Gemcitabine-mediated radiosensitization. Eisbruch, A; Lawrence, TS; Shewach, DS, 1997)	3.18
"Gemcitabine is a novel nucleoside analogue that has demonstrated activity against several solid tumors. "	( Single-agent gemcitabine in non-small cell lung cancer: the French experience. Gottfried, M; Le Chevalier, T, 1997)	2.11
"Gemcitabine is a novel nucleoside analogue with a unique mechanism of action. "	( Phase I studies of gemcitabine combined with carboplatin or paclitaxel. Pedersen, AG, 1997)	2.07
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog with demonstrated activity against NSCLC, yet it has low toxicity."	( Weekly gemcitabine and monthly cisplatin for advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma. Abratt, RP; Bezwoda, WR; Goedhals, L; Hacking, DJ, 1997)	1.47
"Gemcitabine is a novel pyrimidine nucleoside whose activity has been demonstrated on solid tumors. "	( [A phase II multicenter study of gemcitabine in non small cell lung cancers]. Burkes, RL; Cortes-Funes, H; Cottier, B; Gatzemeier, U; Gottfried, M; Groen, HJ; Le Chevalier, T; Mattson, K; Ponzio, A; Rosso, R; Shepherd, F; Tonato, M; Voi, M; Weynants, P, 1997)	2.02
"Gemcitabine (GEM) is a novel nucleoside analogue with a unique mechanism of action. "	( Prolonged infusion gemcitabine: a clinical phase I study at low- (300 mg/m2) and high-dose (875 mg/m2) levels. Calabresi, F; Ceribelli, A; Crecco, M; Oliva, C; Pollera, CF, 1997)	2.07
"Gemcitabine is a novel nucleoside analog with unique activity against a wide range of solid tumors. "	( Activity of gemcitabine in the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter phase II study. Kurita, Y; Nakai, Y; Niitani, H; Yokoyama, A; Yoneda, S, 1997)	2.12
"Gemcitabine is a novel anticancer agent showing activity with relatively mild toxicity across a range of solid tumors including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). "	( Safety profile of gemcitabine, a novel anticancer agent, in non-small cell lung cancer. Abratt, R; Cortes-Funes, H; Lund, B; Martin, C, 1997)	2.07
"Gemcitabine is a novel pyrimidine antagonist with activity in a number of tumour types."	( Clinical response benefit in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Role of gemcitabine. Carmichael, J, 1997)	1.25
"Gemcitabine is a novel fluorine-substituted cytarabine (Ara-C) analogue with activity against a range of solid tumours. "	( Effects of gemcitabine on renal function in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Gietema, JA; Groen, HJ; Meijer, S; Smit, EF, 1998)	2.13
"Gemcitabine is a novel nucleoside analog with demonstrated efficacy across a range of solid tumors. "	( Gemcitabine--a safety review. Aapro, MS; Hatty, S; Martin, C, 1998)	3.19
"Gemcitabine (GEMZAR) is a novel nucleoside analogue with activity in a range of preclinical models both in vitro and in vivo. "	( The role of gemcitabine in the treatment of other tumours. Carmichael, J, 1998)	2.12
"Gemcitabine (GEM) is a pyrimidine analog that blocks DNA synthesis, whereas, paclitaxel (TAX) is a mitotic spindle poison that promotes microtubular aggregation."	( Bcl-2 overexpression is associated with resistance to paclitaxel, but not gemcitabine, in multiple myeloma cells. Fey, V; Gazitt, Y; Hilsenbeck, SG; Montegomrey, W; Rothenberg, ML; Thomas, C, 1998)	1.25
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog that is useful in the treatment of solid tumors. "	( Successful treatment of gemcitabine toxicity with a brief course of oral corticosteroid therapy. Miller, V; Vander Els, NJ, 1998)	2.05
"Gemcitabine is a novel nucleoside analogue which has shown promising results in most solid tumors; like the arabinosylcytosine analogue, gemcitabine may be an active drug in lymphoproliferative malignancies. "	( Therapy with gemcitabine in pretreated peripheral T-cell lymphoma patients. Albertini, P; Bendandi, M; Gherlinzoni, F; Magagnoli, M; Orcioni, GF; Pileri, SA; Tura, S; Zinzani, PL, 1998)	2.11
"Gemcitabine is a novel antimetabolite drug that acts by multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, of dCMP deaminase and of dCTP incorporation into DNA and RNA. "	( Gemcitabine cytotoxicity of human malignant glioma cells: modulation by antioxidants, BCL-2 and dexamethasone. Dichgans, J; Durka, S; Rieger, J; Streffer, J; Weller, M, 1999)	3.19
"Gemcitabine is a novel cytotoxic drug with promising activity against pancreatic adenocarcinoma."	( Elevated reticulocyte count--a clue to the diagnosis of haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) associated with gemcitabine therapy for metastatic duodenal papillary carcinoma: a case report. Huhn, D; Oettle, H; Riess, H; Serke, S, 1999)	1.24
"Gemcitabine seems to be an active drug for the treatment of pleural mesothelioma."	( Impressive remission in a patient with locally advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma treated with gemcitabine. Bamberg, M; Brandes, A; Classen, J; Schott, U; Weinmann, M, 1999)	1.24
"Gemcitabine is a new nucleoside antimetabolite with established activity against solid tumours. "	( Gemcitabine in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Hansen, SW; Sessa, C; Tuxen, MK, 1999)	3.19
"Gemcitabine is a novel nucleoside analogue with unique activity against a range of solid tumors including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pancreatic cancer."	( Review of the pharmacoeconomic research on gemcitabine in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Liepa, AM; Minshall, ME, 1998)	2.01
"Gemcitabine is a new nucleoside analogue that produces a clinical response in 30% of patients with unresectable pancreatic carcinoma. "	( Gemcitabine-induced programmed cell death (apoptosis) of human pancreatic carcinoma is determined by Bcl-2 content. Bold, RJ; Chandra, J; McConkey, DJ, )	3.02
"Gemcitabine hydrochloride is a novel anti-cancer drug which is marketed as an indication for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). "	( [Gemcitabine hydrochloride is a new anti-cancer agent which will be available in the patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Japan]. Yokoyama, A, 1999)	2.66
"Gemcitabine (Gemzar) is a nucleoside analog increasingly used in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors. "	( Gemcitabine and UFT plus oral calcium folinate: phase I study. Arlauskas, P; Ibrahim, D; Philip, PA; Shields, A; Zalupski, M, 1999)	3.19
"Gemcitabine is an active agent in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. "	( Phase II trial of gemcitabine as prolonged infusion in metastatic breast cancer. Akrivakis, K; Flath, B; Grosse, Y; Mergenthaler, HG; Possinger, K; Schmid, P; Sezer, O, 1999)	2.08
"Gemcitabine is a potent radiosensitizer in both laboratory studies and in the clinic. "	( Radiosensitization by gemcitabine. Eisbruch, A; Fields, MT; Lawrence, TS; McGinn, CJ; Shewach, DS, 1999)	2.06
"Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy agent with efficacy in the treatment of lung, pancreas, bladder and breast cancer. "	( Leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil, and gemcitabine: a phase I study. Grant, S; Poplin, E; Roberts, J; Rubin, E; Tombs, M, 1999)	2.03
"Gemcitabine is a novel antimetabolite which has shown anti-tumor activity against a variety of tumors including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). "	( The role of single-agent gemcitabine in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Kelly, K, 1999)	2.05
"Gemcitabine is a fluoridated pyrimidine related to cytosine arabinoside that has significant activity in solid tumor models. "	( Single-agent gemcitabine and gemcitabine/irinotecan combination (irimogem) in non-small cell lung cancer. Bahadori, HR; Eckardt, JR; Green, MR; Leong, SS; Perkel, JA; Putman, T; Rocha Lima, CM; Safa, AR; Sherman, CA, 1999)	2.12
"Gemcitabine is a cytotoxic pyrimidine antimetabolite with broad activity against solid tumors."	( A phase I trial of MTA and gemcitabine in patients with locally advanced or metastatic cancer. Adjei, AA; Erlichman, C, 1999)	1.32
"Gemcitabine is a relatively new drug that has been shown in both clinical trials and in vitro systems to have more potent antitumor activity than araC."	( Effects of gemcitabine and araC on in vitro DNA synthesis mediated by the human breast cell DNA synthesome. Abdel-Aziz, W; Hickey, RJ; Jiang, HY; Malkas, LH, 2000)	1.42
"Gemcitabine is a deoxycytidine analog with broad antitumor activity. "	( Time- and dose-limiting erysipeloid rash confined to areas of lymphedema following treatment with gemcitabine--a report of three cases. Bamberg, M; Brandes, A; Plasswilm, L; Reichmann, U, 2000)	1.97
"Gemcitabine (dFdC) is a new nucleoside analogue with promising activity in different solid tumors. "	( Radiation enhancement of gemcitabine in two human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Böttcher, HD; Damrau, M; Jüling-Pohlit, L; Karapetian, M; Mose, S; Rahn, A; Ramm, U; Taborski, B, )	1.88
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog that is active in the treatment of various solid tumors. "	( Severe acute lung injury induced by gemcitabine. Giaccone, G; Golding, RP; Linskens, RK; van Groeningen, CJ, 2000)	2.02
"Gemcitabine is a promising new drug in patients with locally advanced and/or metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium. "	( Gemcitabine in locally advanced and/or metastatic bladder cancer. von der Maase, H, 2000)	3.19
"Gemcitabine is an antimetabolic drug for solid tumors. "	( Gemcitabine-induced atrial fibrillation: a hitherto unreported manifestation of drug toxicity. Abbate, A; Campisi, C; Di Cosimo, S; Di Sciascio, G; Gravante, G; Patti, G; Santini, D; Tonini, G; Vincenzi, B, 2000)	3.19
"Gemcitabine (dFdC) is a new nucleoside antimetabolite of deoxycytidine that resembles cytarabine (Ara-C) in both its structure and metabolism. "	( The interaction of gemcitabine and cytarabine on murine leukemias L1210 or P388 and on human normal and leukemic cell growth in vitro. Korycka, A; Lech-Maranda, E; Robak, T, 2000)	2.08
"Gemcitabine is an effective agent in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. "	( Prolonged infusion of gemcitabine in stage IV breast cancer: a phase I study. Akrivakis, K; Flath, B; Mergenthaler, HG; Possinger, K; Schmid, P; Schweigert, M; Sezer, O, 1999)	2.06
"Gemcitabine is a new fluorine-substituted cytarabine compound."	( Clinical update of gemcitabine in pancreas cancer. Au, E, 2000)	1.36
"Gemcitabine (Gemzar) is a novel deoxycitidine drug that has demonstrated promising single-agent activity in non-small-cell lung cancer and has been proven to be a potent radiosensitizer. "	( Combination chemoradiotherapy with gemcitabine: potential applications. Choy, H, 2000)	2.03
"Gemcitabine is a novel antimetabolite with considerable activity in NSCLC."	( A phase I/II trial of paclitaxel, carboplatin, and gemcitabine in untreated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Bunn, PA; Kelly, K; Mikhaeel-Kamel, N; Murphy, J; Pan, Z; Prindiville, S, 2000)	1.28
"Gemcitabine (dFdC) is a prodrug that undergoes metabolism by cytidine deaminase to form an inactive metabolite, 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU). "	( Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine and 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine in a patient with ascites. Delauter, BJ; Egorin, MJ; Plunkett, W; Ramanathan, RK; Stover, LL; Zamboni, WC; Zuhowski, EG, 2000)	2.07
"Gemcitabine (Gem) is a deoxycytidine analog that is effective against pancreatic cancer and other malignancies following conversion to the 5'-O-mono-, di- and tri-phosphate forms. "	( Antineoplastic activity of a novel multimeric gemcitabine-monophosphate prodrug against thyroid cancer cells in vitro. Bitoova, M; Cinatl, J; Gmeiner, WH; Gröschel, B; Kornhuber, B; Kotchetkov, R; Krivtchik, AA; Trump, E, )	1.83
"Gemcitabine (G) is an active new drug."	( Paclitaxel and carboplatin in combination with gemcitabine: a phase I-II trial in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Gruppo Studio Tumori Polmonari Veneto (GSTPV). Barbieri, F; Bearz, A; Ceresoli, GL; Favaretto, A; Frustaci, S; Ghiotto, C; Oniga, F; Paccagnella, A; Schiavon, S; Villa, E, 2000)	1.29
"Gemcitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent with proven antitumor effects in pancreatic and non-small cell lung cancer; however, studies establishing the definite significance in other solid tumors are still in progress. "	( Unexpected severe myelotoxicity of gemcitabine in pretreated breast cancer patients. Gnant, MF; Jakesz, R; Locker, GJ; Marosi, C; Schmidinger, M; Steger, GG; Wenzel, C; Zielinski, CC, 2001)	2.03
"Gemcitabine is a new drug of antimetabolite nucleoside group used in treatment of cancers since 1996."	( Preliminary evaluation of influence of gemcitabine (Gemzar) on proliferation and neuroendocrine activity of human TT cell line: immunocytochemical investigations. Azzadin, A; Chyczewski, L; Dadan, J; Dziecioł, J; Puchalski, Z; Sawicki, B; Wołczyński, S, 2001)	1.3
"Gemcitabine (dFdC) is a difluorine-substituted deoxycytidine analogue that has demonstrated antitumor activity against both leukemias and solid tumors. "	( Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine after intravenous administration in nonhuman primates. Aleksic, A; Berg, SL; Blaney, S; Dauser, R; Egorin, MJ; Kerr, JZ; McGuffey, L; Nuchtern, J, 2001)	2.01
"Gemcitabine is a new anticancer agent with a mild toxicity profile, which has demonstrated antineoplastic activity in many solid tumors."	( Phase II study of systemic gemcitabine chemotherapy for advanced unresectable hepatobiliary carcinomas. Kubicka, S; Lorenz, M; Manns, M; Rudolph, KL; Tietze, MK, )	1.15
"Gemcitabine is a promising new agent that has been recently studied for palliation of advanced (stage IV) unresectable pancreatic cancer. "	( Antimetastatic efficacy of adjuvant gemcitabine in a pancreatic cancer orthotopic model. Baranov, E; Bouvet, M; Hoffma, RM; Jiang, P; Lee, NC; Moossa, AR; Nardin, S; Rashidi, B; Wang, X; Yang, M, 2000)	2.02
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside antimetabolite with established activity against several solid tumors. "	( Gemcitabine in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Hansen, SW, 2001)	3.2
"Gemcitabine is an established agent in the treatment of a number of solid tumours but also has activity in haematological malignancies which might be exploited by the use of extended infusion schedules."	( Nucleoside analogues in the treatment of haematological malignancies. Johnson, SA, 2001)	1.03
"Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine analogue that showed significant activity in solid malignancies. "	( Gemcitabine in hematologic malignancies. Gandhi, V; Krett, N; Nabhan, C; Rosen, S, 2001)	3.2
"Gemcitabine is a broadly active pyrimidine nucleoside antimetabolite, which is approved for the treatment of pancreatic and non-small cell lung cancers."	( Gemcitabine and pemetrexed disodium combinations in vitro and in vivo. Adjei, AA, 2001)	2.47
"Gemcitabine is a relatively new agent with promising activity in solid tumors. "	( Expression of a non-functional p53 affects the sensitivity of cancer cells to gemcitabine. Clarke, ML; Dumontet, C; Falette, N; Galmarini, CM; Mackey, JR; Puisieux, A, 2002)	1.99
"Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine analog of deoxycytidine with activity against nonhematologic and hematologic malignancies. "	( Severe pulmonary toxicity in a patient treated with gemcitabine. Baraona, FJ; Kett, DH; Rosado, MF; Schein, RM; Sridhar, KS, 2002)	2.01
"Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine analog with a similar chemical structure and mechanism of action, as cytarabine. "	( Gemcitabine-induced pulmonary toxicity: case report and review of the literature. Ahmed, I; Gupta, N; Mehrotra, B; Nissel-Horowitz, S; Patel, D; Steinberg, H, 2002)	3.2
"Gemcitabine is considered to be a well-tolerated and safe cytostatic drug because of the relative lack of side effects. "	( Gemcitabine-induced acute lipodermatosclerosis-like reaction. Chiu, HC; Chu, CY; Yang, CH, )	3.02
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog used in solid tumors since 1987. "	( [Hemolytic-uremic syndrome complicating a long-term treatment with gemcitabine. Report of a case and review of the literature]. Aparicio, M; De Precigout, V; Delclaux, C; Dilhuydy, MS; Pariente, A, 2002)	1.99
"Gemcitabine appears to be a new cause of thrombotic microangiopathy."	( [Hemolytic-uremic syndrome complicating a long-term treatment with gemcitabine. Report of a case and review of the literature]. Aparicio, M; De Precigout, V; Delclaux, C; Dilhuydy, MS; Pariente, A, 2002)	1.27
"Gemcitabine is an increasingly used and generally well tolerated anticancer drug. "	( Gemcitabine-related pulmonary toxicity. Gunz, A; Joerger, M; Pestalozzi, BC; Speich, R, 2002)	3.2
"Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue that is frequently used to treat non-small cell lung cancer."	( Gemcitabine exerts a selective effect on the humoral immune response: implications for combination chemo-immunotherapy. Lake, RA; Nowak, AK; Robinson, BW, 2002)	2.48
"Gemcitabine is a new deoxycytidine derivative that shows a distinguishing, potent antitumor activity against various human tumor lines transplanted to nude mice. "	( [Antitumor activity of combination treatment combining gemcitabine with topotecin against human lung cancer xenografted in nude mice]. Fujita, F; Fujita, M; Koike, M, 2002)	2
"Gemcitabine is a cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) analog with activity in many human tumor systems. "	( The evaluation of gemcitabine in resistant or relapsing multiple myeloma, phase II: a Southwest Oncology Group study. Barlogie, B; Crowley, JJ; Hussein, MA; Moore, DF; Weick, JK, 2002)	2.09
"Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine analog which has demonstrated antitumoral activity in a variety of solid tumors including bladder, non-small cell lung and pancreatic cancers. "	( [Gemcitabine and ionizing radiations: radiosensitization or radio-chemotherapy combination]. Azria, D; Culine, S; Dubois, JB; Jacot, W; Lemanski, C; Prost, P; Ychou, M, 2002)	2.67
"Gemcitabine is a therapeutic agent that has been recently employed in the treatment of various cancers. "	( [Acute respiratory failure due to Gemcitabine-induced pulmonary toxicity]. Caliandro, R; Girard, P; Grunenwald, D; Lamer, C; Lenoir, S; Stern, JB; Théodore, C, 2002)	2.04
"Gemcitabine is a newer agent with a unique mode of action that involves DNA chain termination and mechanisms that result in self-potentiation."	( Overview: gemcitabine as single-agent therapy for advanced breast cancer. Tripathy, D, 2002)	1.44
"Gemcitabine is an active agent against non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has demonstrated activity in breast cancer as well."	( Preclinical studies of gemcitabine and trastuzumab in breast and lung cancer cell lines. Bunn, PA; Chan, DC; Franklin, WA; Helfrich, B; Hirsch, FR; Varella-Garcia, M, 2002)	1.35
"Gemcitabine is an active drug in advanced breast cancer both as a single agent and in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. "	( Gemcitabine in breast cancer: future directions. Tripathy, D, 2002)	3.2
"Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine analogue that has shown activity in a variety of solid tumors, a good toxicity profile, and nonoverlapping toxicity with other chemotherapeutic agents."	( Neoadjuvant gemcitabine therapy for breast cancer. Dueñas, R; Fernández, M; Jaén, A; Lozano, A; Martínez, E; Medina, B; Mohedano, N; Porras, I; Sánchez-Rovira, P, 2002)	1.41
"Gemcitabine appears to be a potent radiation sensitizer, and when combined with radiation therapy, it has shown encouraging tumor responses."	( Concurrent infusional gemcitabine and radiation in the treatment of advanced unresectable GI malignancy: a phase I study. Hanna, N; John, W; Kudrimoti, M; McGrath, PC; Mohiuddin, M; Regine, WF, )	1.17
"Gemcitabine is an active agent in non-small cell lung cancer, with single-agent treatment producing response rates of approximately 20% and median survivals of approximately 7 to 9 months. "	( Gemcitabine versus gemcitabine/carboplatin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: preliminary findings in a phase III trial of the Swedish Lung Cancer Study Group. Sederholm, C, 2002)	3.2
"Gemcitabine acts as an inhibitor of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase and inhibits DNA synthesis."	( [New antitumor antimetabolites--gemcitabine and DMDC]. Fukuoka, M; Matsui, K, 1992)	1.29

Effects

Gemcitabine has a molecular weight of 299 D, lower than that of commonly-used intravesical chemotherapeutic agents such as mitomycin C and doxorubicin. Myelosuppression is the most common side effect, while non-hematological events are relatively uncommon.

Gemcitabine has been the standard chemotherapeutic agent in pancreatic cancer. It is increasingly prescribed for the treatment of gallbladder cancer. Gemcitabin has mild renal toxicity, but cases of gemcitabines-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) have been reported.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Gemcitabine has a modest activity in heavily pre-treated colorectal cancer patients and may be an option in good performance status patients."	( The efficacy of gemcitabine as salvage treatment in patients with refractory advanced colorectal cancer (CRC): a single institution experience. Hotchkiss, S; Kaley, K; Penney, R; Saif, MW; Strimpakos, AS; Syrigos, KN, 2011)	2.16
"Gemcitabine has a good toxicity profile, with myelosuppression being the most common side effect, while non-hematological events are relatively uncommon."	( Role of gemcitabine in cancer therapy. Bartolini, S; Cappuzzo, F; Finocchiaro, G; Gioia, V; Toschi, L, 2005)	1.48
"Gemcitabine has a molecular weight of 299 D, lower than that of commonly-used intravesical chemotherapeutic agents such as mitomycin C (389 D) and doxorubicin (589 D). "	( Actual experience and future development of gemcitabine in superficial bladder cancer. Frea, B; Gontero, P, 2006)	2.04
"Gemcitabine has a possible role for stage IV pancreatic cancer."	( Impact of gemcitabine on the survival of patients with stage IV pancreatic cancer. Ajiki, T; Fujino, Y; Kamigaki, T; Kamoda, Y; Kuroda, Y; Matsumoto, I; Takase, S; Ueda, T; Yasuda, T, 2007)	2.18
"Gemcitabine has a relatively safe profile."	( Gemcitabine-induced liver fibrosis in a patient with pancreatic cancer. Cornfeld, D; Saif, MW; Shahrokni, A, 2007)	2.5
"Gemcitabine has an unusually mild side effect profile for such an active agent."	( Efficacy and safety profile of gemcitabine in non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase II study. Abratt, RP; Bezwoda, WR; Falkson, G; Goedhals, L; Hacking, D; Rugg, TA, 1994)	1.3
"Gemcitabine has a role in the palliative treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer."	( Gemcitabine: symptomatic benefit in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Anderson, H; Bradley, B; Jayson, G; Ranson, M; Thatcher, N, 1997)	2.46
"Gemcitabine has a mild toxicity profile that allows it to be combined easily in triplet combinations with other doublets."	( Triplet chemotherapy with gemcitabine, a platinum, and a third agent in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Bunn, PA, 1999)	1.32
"Gemcitabine (Gemzar) has a significant impact upon survival and quality of life for patients with pancreatic cancer, compared with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). "	( Phase I trial of gemcitabine (Gemzar), 24 h infusion 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid in patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer. Arning, M; Diebold, T; Hochmuth, K; Huhn, D; Langrehr, J; Neuhaus, P; Oettle, H; Pelzer, U; Riess, H; Schmidt, CA; Vogl, TJ, 1999)	2.09
"Gemcitabine has been regarded as the mainstay of chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer; however, it is accompanied with a high rate of chemoresistance."	( Heat shock factor 1 inhibition sensitizes pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine via the suppression of cancer stem cell-like properties. Chen, K; Chen, Z; Li, J; Ma, J; Ma, Q; Qian, W; Qin, T; Wang, Z; Wu, E; Wu, Z; Xiao, Y, 2022)	1.68
"Gemcitabine and cisplatin has limited benefit as treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC). "	( A randomized phase 2 trial of nivolumab, gemcitabine, and cisplatin or nivolumab and ipilimumab in previously untreated advanced biliary cancer: BilT-01. Beg, MS; Deming, DA; Griffith, KA; Mahalingam, D; Sahai, V; Shaib, WL; Zalupski, MM; Zhen, DB, 2022)	2.43
"Gemcitabine has shown clinical activity against angiosarcoma in small series, alone, or combined with taxanes. "	( Single-agent gemcitabine in patients with advanced, pre-treated angiosarcoma: A multicenter, retrospective study. Adam, J; Bahleda, R; Briand, S; Cavalcanti, A; Cesne, AL; Chamseddine, AN; Court, C; Fadel, E; Faron, M; Haddag-Miliani, L; Henon, C; Honoré, C; Levy, A; Mercier, O; Mir, O; Ngo, C; Pechoux, CL; Ropert, S; Verret, B; Watson, S, 2023)	2.72
"Gemcitabine (Gem) has been recommended as a first-line clinical chemotherapeutics for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treatment. "	( A tumor microenvironment-stimuli responsive nano-prodrug for overcoming gemcitabine chemoresistance by co-delivered miRNA-21 modulator. Chen, Y; Hu, Q; Jin, P; Liang, T; Que, R; Xu, M; Yao, Z; Zhang, F, 2023)	2.59
"Gemcitabine (Gem) has been a standard first-line drug for pancreatic cancer (PCa) treatment; however, Gem's rapid metabolism and systemic instability (short half-life) limit its clinical outcome. "	( Biological evaluation of novel gemcitabine analog in patient-derived xenograft models of pancreatic cancer. Agyare, E; Bulusu, R; Frimpong, E; Han, B; Inkoom, A; Ndemazie, NB; Poku, R; Smith, T; Trevino, J; Zhu, X, 2023)	2.64
"Gemcitabine resistance has brought great challenges to the treatment of pancreatic cancer. "	( m6A eraser FTO impairs gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer through influencing NEDD4 mRNA stability by regulating the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. Gao, W; Lin, K; Pan, Y; Shi, T; Yu, Y; Zhang, J; Zhang, S; Zheng, Z; Zhou, E, 2023)	2.66
"Gemcitabine has been widely used as a chemotherapeutic drug. "	( RGDV-modified gemcitabine: a nano-medicine capable of prolonging half-life, overcoming resistance and eliminating bone marrow toxicity of gemcitabine. Liu, W; Mao, Y; Peng, S; Wang, Y; Wu, J; Zhang, X; Zhao, M; Zhao, S, 2019)	2.32
"Gemcitabine (GEM) has been the recommended first-line drug for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cancer (PDAC) for the last twenty years. "	( Theranostic nanoparticles enabling the release of phosphorylated gemcitabine for advanced pancreatic cancer therapy. Ding, X; Huang, W; Jiang, C; Li, F; Sun, T; Wang, Q; Wang, Z; Wu, Z; Zhu, X, 2020)	2.24
"Gemcitabine has been a standard of care for the treatment of pancreatic cancer for over 20 years, but as a single agent gemcitabine is not curative."	( Developing effective combination therapy for pancreatic cancer: An overview. Garcia, PL; Miller, AL; Yoon, KJ, 2020)	1.28
"Gemcitabine has been used as first-line chemotherapy against lung cancer, but many patients experience cancer recurrence. "	( Low-Dose Gemcitabine Treatment Enhances Immunogenicity and Natural Killer Cell-Driven Tumor Immunity in Lung Cancer. Cong, J; Jiao, D; Jin, L; Li, Z; Wang, D; Xu, L; Zhang, X; Zheng, X, 2020)	2.42
"Gemcitabine has been proved to be effective in many advanced cancer. "	( Considering gemcitabine-based combination chemotherapy as a potential treatment for advanced oesophageal cancer: A meta-analysis of randomised trials. Cheng, X; Hu, X; Jia, Z; Liang, X; Yang, J; Zhai, Y, 2020)	2.38
"Gemcitabine has been the standard chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer patients for the last two decades."	( Blockade of endothelin receptor A enhances the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells. Ahn, HM; Kim, DG; Kim, YJ, 2020)	1.51
"Gemcitabine has shown promising effects on the response and prognosis in patients with metastatic breast cancer."	( Gemcitabine as adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with high-risk early breast cancer-results from the randomized phase III SUCCESS-A trial. Andergassen, U; Bauer, E; Beckmann, MW; Bekes, I; Blohmer, JU; Brucker, SY; de Gregorio, A; de Gregorio, N; Deniz, M; Fasching, PA; Fehm, TN; Fink, V; Forstbauer, H; Friedl, TWP; Häberle, L; Heinrich, G; Janni, W; Lato, K; Lorenz, R; Mahner, S; Müller, V; Rack, B; Schneeweiss, A; Schrader, I; Tesch, H, 2020)	2.72
"Gemcitabine has been a commonly used therapeutic agent for treatment of pancreatic cancer. "	( ERK-mediated transcriptional activation of Dicer is involved in gemcitabine resistance of pancreatic cancer. Chen, HA; Chiu, CF; Chuang, TH; Hsieh, CL; Hsu, TW; Huang, MT; Leo Su, J; Su, CM; Su, YH, 2021)	2.3
"Gemcitabine-based therapy has modest activity in CCS. "	( Efficacy of Gemcitabine-based Chemotherapy in Clear Cell Sarcoma of Soft Tissue. Benson, C; Cojocaru, E; Fisher, C; Gennatas, S; Huang, P; Jones, RL; Messiou, C; Miah, AB; Thway, K; Zaidi, S, 2020)	2.38
"Gemcitabine (GEM) has antiproliferative effects on lymphocytes, which are potent pathogenic actors of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). "	( Antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects of gemcitabine in collagen-induced arthritis model. Dağli, AF; Karataş, A; Koca, SS; Orhan, C; Özgen, M; Şahin, K; Tuzcu, M, 2017)	2.16
"Gemcitabine has been the first line systemic treatment for pancreatic cancer."	( Disrupting glutamine metabolic pathways to sensitize gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer. Brentnall, TA; Chen, R; Jung, L; Lai, LA; Pan, S; Pillarisetty, VG; Riddell, J; Sullivan, Y; Wang, L; Wong, M, 2017)	1.43
"Gemcitabine has been standard of care in advanced pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PC) for almost two decades. "	( S-1 (Teysuno) and gemcitabine in Caucasian patients with unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Bjerregaard, JK; Ejlsmark, MW; Jensen, HA; Krogh, M; Pfeiffer, P; Schonnemann, KR; Winther, SB, 2018)	2.26
"Gemcitabine has been the standard drug for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer."	( Mechanism Comparison of Gemcitabine and Dasatinib-Resistant Pancreatic Cancer by Integrating mRNA and miRNA Expression Profiles. Chen, B; Chen, Z; Shi, K; Zhao, L, 2018)	1.51
"Gemcitabine has been the mainstay chemotherapy for around two decades with little improvement in overall survival (OS) for patients with advanced disease."	( Nab-paclitaxel in combination with gemcitabine for the treatment of metastatic pancreas cancer: the South Wales experience. Gwynne, SH; Quinton, AE; Yim, KL, 2018)	1.48
"Gemcitabine with platinum has limited efficacy for treatment of advanced cholangiocarcinoma, necessitating an evaluation of alternative drug combinations. "	( Nab-Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine as First-line Treatment of Advanced or Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Phase 2 Clinical Trial. Benson, AB; Catalano, PJ; Lubner, SJ; Menge, MR; Munshi, HG; Nimeiri, HS; O'Dwyer, PJ; Sahai, V; Zalupski, MM, 2018)	2.25
"Gemcitabine has been associated with thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). "	( Thrombotic microangiopathy associated with gemcitabine use: Presentation and outcome in a national French retrospective cohort. Burtey, S; Coppo, P; Daviet, F; Duffaud, F; Frémeaux-Bacchi, V; Grandvuillemin, A; Grange, S; Jourde-Chiche, N; Mancini, J; Micallef, J; Moussi-Francès, J; Poullin, P; Pourroy, B; Rouby, F; Sabatier, R; Sallée, M, 2019)	2.22
"Gemcitabine (GEM) has become the standard chemotherapy for PDAC; however, acquired resistance to GEM is a major challenge."	( Mechanisms of metformin's anti‑tumor activity against gemcitabine‑resistant pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Kitagawa, Y; Suzuki, K; Suzuki, Y; Takeuchi, O, 2019)	1.48
"Gemcitabine (GEM) has been widely used for pancreatic cancer (PC) treatment but limited by the development of drug resistance. "	( S-Adenosylmethionine synergistically enhances the antitumor effect of gemcitabine against pancreatic cancer through JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Bi, T; Gao, Q; Liu, L; Liu, Y; Qin, L; Shen, G, 2019)	2.19
"Gemcitabine has limited clinical benefits in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. "	( Comparative benefits of Nab-paclitaxel over gemcitabine or polysorbate-based docetaxel in experimental pancreatic cancer. Awasthi, N; Hinz, S; Schwarz, AM; Schwarz, MA; Schwarz, RE; Wang, C; Williams, NS; Zhang, C, 2013)	2.09
"Gemcitabine has been associated with an increased risk of arterial and venous thromboembolic events (ATEs and VTEs), although the overall risk remains unclear. "	( Risk of venous and arterial thromboembolic events in cancer patients treated with gemcitabine: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lin, F; Qi, WX; Shen, Z; Sun, YJ; Tang, LN; Yao, Y, 2013)	2.06
"Gemcitabine has been approved for MBC since February 2010."	( [Clinical experience with gemcitabine treatment for metastatic breast cancer]. Aogi, K; Hara, F; Kiyoto, S; Ohsumi, S; Takabatake, D; Takahashi, M; Takashima, S; Watanabe, M, 2013)	1.41
"Gemcitabine has potent radiosensitizing properties in preclinical and clinical trials, so it can be utilized simultaneously with radiation."	( Concurrent chemoradiation with weekly gemcitabine and cisplatin for locally advanced cervical cancer. Akbari, EH; Esmati, E; Hashemi, FA; Kalaghchi, B, 2013)	1.38
"Gemcitabine monotherapy has been the standard of care for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer for several decades. "	( Treatment of metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a review. Berlin, JD; Pauff, JM; Thota, R, 2014)	1.85
"Gemcitabine has been approved by the FDA/SFDA for use as a first-line therapeutic drug against advanced or metastatic breast cancer."	( The cytoprotective role of gemcitabine-induced autophagy associated with apoptosis inhibition in triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Chen, L; Chen, M; Dai, F; He, M; Shen, P; Song, Y; Wan, X; Xiao, P, 2014)	1.42
"Gemcitabine has limited clinical benefits for pancreatic cancer patients. "	( HS-104, a PI3K inhibitor, enhances the anticancer efficacy of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer. Fang, Z; Hong, S; Hong, SS; Jung, KH; Lee, H; Son, MK; Yan, HH, 2014)	2.09
"Gemcitabine has been more and more widely used for the treatment of gallbladder cancer; however, the response rate is not satisfactory."	( Phenoxodiol enhances the antitumor activity of gemcitabine in gallbladder cancer through suppressing Akt/mTOR pathway. Feng, J; Huang, X; Huang, Z; Li, Y, 2014)	1.38
"Gemcitabine has shown activity and acceptable safety profile in B-cell lymphomas."	( Clinical activity of a new regimen combining gemcitabine and alemtuzumab in high-risk relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Hebraud, B; Houyau, P; Laurent, G; Oberic, L; Recher, C; Suc, E; Vaillant, W; Ysebaert, L, 2015)	1.4
"Gemcitabine has modest activity in pre-treated EOC. "	( Treatment outcomes of gemcitabine in refractory or recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Chanpanitkitchot, S; Khunnarong, J; Pataradool, K; Srijaipracharoen, S; Tangjitgamol, S; Thavaramara, T, 2014)	2.16
"Gemcitabine has the ability to induce T24 cell apoptosis, and this effect is enhanced when it is combined with lentinan."	( Lentinan reduces tumor progression by enhancing gemcitabine chemotherapy in urothelial bladder cancer. Sun, M; Wu, B; Xie, Q; Zhan, Y; Zhao, W, 2015)	1.39
"Gemcitabine (G) has been shown to sensitize pancreatic cancer to radiotherapy but requires lower doses of G and thus delays aggressive systemic treatment, potentially leading to distant failure. "	( Multi-institutional phase I study of low-dose ultra-fractionated radiotherapy as a chemosensitizer for gemcitabine and erlotinib in patients with locally advanced or limited metastatic pancreatic cancer. Adaire, B; Cescon, TP; Choi, M; Cohen, SJ; Duncan, G; Hall, MJ; Joiner, M; Konski, A; McSpadden, E; Meropol, NJ; Meyer, JE; Philip, P; Shields, A, 2014)	2.06
"Gemcitabine has been used most commonly as an anticancer drug to treat advanced pancreatic cancer patients. "	( Ratio of phosphorylated HSP27 to nonphosphorylated HSP27 biphasically acts as a determinant of cellular fate in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Choi, HJ; Han, Z; Hwang, YS; Je, S; Kang, D; Kang, S; Kim, JH; Kim, SY; Song, JJ, 2015)	2.07
"Gemcitabine has long been the standard of care for treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), despite its poor pharmacokinetics/dynamics and rapid development of drug resistance. "	( Self-assembled nanoscale coordination polymers carrying oxaliplatin and gemcitabine for synergistic combination therapy of pancreatic cancer. He, C; Lin, W; Liu, D; Lu, K; Poon, C, 2015)	2.09
"Gemcitabine, which has modest activity in pancreas cancer, activates Chk1, a client protein of HSP90."	( Phase II trial of gemcitabine and tanespimycin (17AAG) in metastatic pancreatic cancer: a Mayo Clinic Phase II Consortium study. Erlichman, C; Foster, NR; Kim, GP; McWilliams, RR; Pedersen, KS; Wang-Gillam, A, 2015)	1.47
"Gemcitabine also has anti-tumor activity in MBC and a favourable toxicity profile."	( Phase I and pharmacological trial of lapatinib in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced breast cancer. Beijnen, JH; Boss, DS; Grob, M; Huitema, AD; Keessen, M; Rehorst, H; Rosing, H; Schellens, JH; Smit, WM; Tibben, MM; van der Noll, R; Wymenga, AN, 2015)	1.37
"Gemcitabine has been the standard treatment during the last decade."	( Interplay Between Gemcitabine and Erlotinib Over Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells. Alejandre, MJ; Delgado, JR; Linares, A; Palomino-Morales, RJ; Perales, S; Torres, C, 2016)	1.49
"Gemcitabine has established antitumor activity against solid tumors, including head and neck, ovarian, and non-small cell lung cancers."	( Adenovirus-Mediated E2F-1 Gene Transfer Augments Gemcitabine-Induced Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Cells. Jiang, Y; Lin, Z; Liu, G; Ren, N; Shi, Y; Xu, W, 2015)	1.39
"Gemcitabine has been the cornerstone of PDA treatment in all stages of the disease for the last two decades, but gemcitabine resistance develops within weeks of chemotherapy initiation."	( Gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Binenbaum, Y; Gil, Z; Na'ara, S, 2015)	2.58
"And gemcitabine has been the standard of care for advanced pancreatic cancer."	( Gemcitabine plus cisplatin versus gemcitabine alone in the treatment of pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis. Huang, S; Li, Q; Liu, Z; Miao, X; Ouyang, G; Wen, Y; Xiong, L, 2016)	2.36
"Gemcitabine monotherapy has been the gold standard for many years."	( Safety of palliative chemotherapy in advanced pancreatic cancer. Boeck, S; Haas, M; Heinemann, V; Kruger, S; Westphalen, CB, 2016)	1.16
"Gemcitabine has been used as a therapeutic drug combined with cisplatin for the treatment of lung cancer patients. "	( Gemcitabine-Induced Autophagy Protects Human Lung Cancer Cells from Apoptotic Death. Jiang, ZF; Liu, RY; Shao, LJ; Wu, HM, 2016)	3.32
"Gemcitabine has been an acceptable standard for more than a decade."	( Novel advances in pancreatic cancer treatment. Rocha-Lima, C; Vulfovich, M, 2008)	1.07
"Gemcitabine has been widely studied in elderly patients affected by advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). "	( The MILES-2G phase 2 study of single-agent gemcitabine with prolonged constant infusion in advanced non-small cell lung cancer elderly patients. Barbera, S; Brancaccio, L; De Maio, E; Gridelli, C; Maione, P; Morabito, A; Perrone, F; Piantedosi, F; Piazza, E; Renda, F; Sannicolo, M; Signoriello, G, 2008)	2.05
"Gemcitabine has been recommended as an active agent for salvage chemotherapy in patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer, but no clinical study of this agent has been conducted for Japanese women with ovarian cancer. "	( Phase II study of single-agent gemcitabine in heavily pretreated Japanese patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. Etoh, T; Hoshiai, H; Koike, E; Nakai, H; Watanabe, Y, 2008)	2.07
"Gemcitabine has been shown to exhibit significant clinical activity against pancreatic cancer and has become a first-line chemotherapeutic for this disease in recent years. "	( Annexin II overexpression predicts rapid recurrence after surgery in pancreatic cancer patients undergoing gemcitabine-adjuvant chemotherapy. Kato, A; Kimura, F; Miyazaki, M; Nomura, F; Ohtsuka, M; Shida, T; Shimizu, H; Takano, S; Togawa, A; Tomonaga, T; Yoshidome, H; Yoshitomi, H, 2008)	2
"Gemcitabine has well-recognized activity in the treatment of ovarian cancer. "	( A phase II trial of fixed-dosed rate gemcitabine in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: a GEICO (Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario) Trial. Adrover Cebrian, E; Alonso Carrion, L; Arcusa Lanza, A; Bover Barcelo, I; Calvo Garcia, E; Casado Herraez, A; Churruca Galaz, C; Fabregat i Mayol, X; Gonzalez Martin, A; Herrero Ibañez, A; Mellado, B; Ojeda Gonzalez, B; Poveda Velasco, A; Rubio Perez, MJ, 2008)	2.06
"Gemcitabine (Gemzar) has been the standard treatment for metastatic pancreatic cancer based primarily on clinical benefits. "	( Second-line therapy for gemcitabine-refractory pancreatic cancer: is there a standard? Almhanna, K; Kim, R, 2008)	2.1
"Gemcitabine (G) has shown activity in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) as a single agent. "	( Results of a Phase II trial of gemcitabine, mitoxantrone, and rituximab in relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma. Flynn, PJ; Garbo, LE; Kolibaba, KS; MacRae, MA; Rauch, MA; Wang, Y, 2009)	2.08
"Gemcitabine has been associated with important thrombotic and vascular side effects. "	( Gemcitabine: vascular toxicity and prothrombotic potential. Dasanu, CA, 2008)	3.23
"Gemcitabine has antitumor activity in pancreatic cancer."	( A phase II study of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (Oxigem) in unresectable gall bladder cancer. DattaGupta, S; Deo, S; Dwary, A; Garg, P; Mohanti, B; Pal, S; Raina, V; Rath, G; Sahni, P; Sharma, A; Shukla, N; Thulkar, S, 2010)	1.41
"Gemcitabine has been the standard of care for pancreatic cancer for a decade but is only effective in some patients."	( HuR modulates gemcitabine efficacy: new perspectives in pancreatic cancer treatment. Maréchal, R; Van Laethem, JL, 2009)	1.43
"Gemcitabine has been standard therapy for advanced pancreatic cancer for well over a decade."	( Novel agents for the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Mackenzie, RP; McCollum, AD, 2009)	1.07
"Gemcitabine (GEM) has shown synergy with vinorelbine (VRL) in preclinical models, and has a toxicity profile that is different from VRL, another recently approved cytotoxic drug that seems to be effective in the treatment of breast cancer."	( A phase II study of gemcitabine combined with vinorelbine as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer. Abdelhamid, T; El-Mesidi, S; Elzawhri, H; Goda, Y; Kandeel, A; Koheil, H; Meshref, M; Saad, E; Shehata, S; Zaki, M, 2010)	1.41
"Gemcitabine has known activity against EOC."	( Sorafenib in combination with gemcitabine in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer: a study of the Princess Margaret Hospital Phase II Consortium. Elit, L; Hirte, HW; Macalpine, K; Oza, AM; Schilder, RJ; Wang, L; Welch, SA; Wright, JJ, 2010)	1.37
"Gemcitabine has been a standard treatment for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer for a decade."	( Modified vaccinia Ankara expressing survivin combined with gemcitabine generates specific antitumor effects in a murine pancreatic carcinoma model. Diamond, DJ; Ellenhorn, JD; Ishizaki, H; Manuel, ER; Song, GY; Srivastava, T; Sun, S, 2011)	1.33
"Both gemcitabine and erlotinib have been demonstrated to improve survival in patients with metastatic disease."	( Phase II study of gemcitabine and erlotinib as adjuvant therapy for patients with resected pancreatic cancer. Bahary, N; Bao, PQ; Bartlett, DL; Hughes, SJ; Krasinkas, A; Lee, KK; Lembersky, BC; Moser, AJ; Ramanathan, RK; Zeh, HJ, 2011)	1.16
"Gemcitabine has minimal activity in the treatment of recurrent or persistent endometrial carcinoma at the dose and schedule tested."	( A phase II study of gemcitabine (gemzar, LY188011) in the treatment of recurrent or persistent endometrial carcinoma: a gynecologic oncology group study. Blessing, JA; Hoffman, JS; Lachance, JA; Miller, DS; Moore, KN; Rotmensch, J; Spirtos, NM; Tait, DL, 2011)	2.14
"Gemcitabine has been a first-line chemotherapy agent for advanced pancreatic cancer, which is associated with one of the lowest 5 years survival rates among human cancers. "	( Genome-wide screen identifies PVT1 as a regulator of Gemcitabine sensitivity in human pancreatic cancer cells. Chang, D; Du, HZ; You, L; Zhao, YP, 2011)	2.06
"Gemcitabine has been adopted as the standard first-line agent for advanced pancreatic cancer, but the progression free survival with gemcitabine is short."	( [Second line chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer]. Park, JY, 2011)	1.09
"Gemcitabine (GEM) has been reported to be more effective in unresectable pancreatic cancer and biliary cancer compared with other chemotherapeutic drugs."	( Safety evaluation of self-expanding metallic biliary stents eluting gemcitabine in a porcine model. Chung, JB; Chung, MJ; Kim, H; Kim, KS; Park, S; Park, SW, 2012)	1.34
"Gemcitabine (Gem) has limited clinical benefits in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). "	( Antitumour activity of sunitinib in combination with gemcitabine in experimental pancreatic cancer. Awasthi, N; Schwarz, MA; Schwarz, RE, 2011)	2.06
"Gemcitabine has a modest activity in heavily pre-treated colorectal cancer patients and may be an option in good performance status patients."	( The efficacy of gemcitabine as salvage treatment in patients with refractory advanced colorectal cancer (CRC): a single institution experience. Hotchkiss, S; Kaley, K; Penney, R; Saif, MW; Strimpakos, AS; Syrigos, KN, 2011)	2.16
"Gemcitabine has limited clinical benefits for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). "	( The efficacy of a novel, dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 to enhance chemotherapy and antiangiogenic response in pancreatic cancer. Awasthi, N; Schwarz, MA; Schwarz, RE; Yen, PL, 2012)	1.82
"Gemcitabine has been recognized as a standard chemotherapy in advanced pancreas cancer(APC). "	( A phase II trial of Erlotinib in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced pancreatic cancer. Cha, YJ; Go, S; Hwang, IG; Jang, JS; Kang, JH; Kang, MH; Kwon, HC; Lee, GW; Lee, S; Oh, SY, 2012)	2.07
"Gemcitabine has been used for pancreatic cancer as the most effective anticancer drug."	( Heat-shock protein 27 plays the key role in gemcitabine-resistance of pancreatic cancer cells. Kaino, S; Kuramitsu, Y; Nakamura, K; Ryozawa, S; Sakaida, I; Suenaga, S; Taba, K; Wang, Y, 2012)	1.36
"Gemcitabine has good clinical activity against NSCLC and is well tolerated by the patients."	( BOOP as a rare complication of gemcitabine therapy. Cocco, A; Daw, HA; Kawsar, HI; Spiro, TP, 2011)	1.38
"Gemcitabine has high activity against nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). "	( Expression of RRM1 and its association with resistancy to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Hu, ZH; Huang, Y; Xue, C; Zhang, J; Zhang, JW; Zhang, L; Zhao, HY; Zhao, LP; Zhao, YY, 2012)	2.07
"Gemcitabine (Gem) has limited clinical benefits in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). "	( Evaluation of poly-mechanistic antiangiogenic combinations to enhance cytotoxic therapy response in pancreatic cancer. Awasthi, N; Ruan, W; Schwarz, MA; Schwarz, RE; Zhang, C, 2012)	1.82
"Gemcitabine has been widely used, and cisplatin plus gemcitabine is considered as standard first-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer. "	( A retrospective study of S-1 monotherapy as second-line treatment for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer. Andou, T; Kameda, R; Kobayashi, S; Morinaga, S; Ohkawa, S; Ueno, M; Yamamoto, N, 2012)	1.82
"Gemcitabine has been the most commonly used drug over the past decade and is still the cornerstone of therapy in adjuvant and metastatic settings."	( Molecular changes in pancreatic cancer: implications for molecular targeting therapy. Bachet, JB; Demetter, P; Maréchal, R; Salmon, I; Van Laethem, JL; Verset, L, 2012)	1.1
"Gemcitabine has limited clinical benefits in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). "	( BMS-754807, a small-molecule inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor/insulin receptor, enhances gemcitabine response in pancreatic cancer. Awasthi, N; Ruan, W; Schwarz, MA; Schwarz, RE; Zhang, C, 2012)	2.03
"H-gemcitabine has low toxicity because it is membrane-impermeable; however, it still has high tumor efficacy because of its ability to target gemcitabine to E-DNA in tumors."	( H-gemcitabine: a new gemcitabine prodrug for treating cancer. Acharya, AP; Dasari, M; Kim, D; Lee, S; Molinaro, R; Murthy, N; Rhea, J, 2013)	1.67
"Gemcitabine has been the standard chemotherapeutic agent in pancreatic cancer. "	( Pancreatic cancer - cost for overtreatment with gemcitabine. Andersson, R; Ansari, D; Tingstedt, B, 2013)	2.09
"Gemcitabine has been increasingly prescribed for the treatment of gallbladder cancer. "	( Icariin potentiates the antitumor activity of gemcitabine in gallbladder cancer by suppressing NF-κB. Chen, GY; Ding, YB; Liu, JL; Xia, JG; Zhang, DC, 2013)	2.09
"Gemcitabine has been tested as a radiosensitizer in various biological models, and radiation dose modification factors (DMF) have been reported in the range between 1.1 and 2.4."	( Role of deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) activity in gemcitabine's radioenhancement in mice and human cell lines in vitro. Bruniaux, M; De Bast, M; De Coster, B; Grégoire, V; Octave-Prignot, M; Rosier, JF; Scalliet, P, 2002)	1.29
"Gemcitabine has substantial activity as an intravesical agent in BCG-refractory TCC and warrants further investigation. "	( Phase I trial of intravesical gemcitabine in bacillus Calmette-Guérin-refractory transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder. Bajorin, D; Dalbagni, G; dePalma, D; Donat, MS; Herr, HW; Mazumdar, M; Rabbani, F; Russo, P; Sheinfeld, J; Sogani, P; Tong, W, 2002)	2.05
"Gemcitabine has modest antitumor activity in advanced pancreatic cancer. "	( The pemetrexed/gemcitabine combination in pancreatic cancer. Kindler, HL, 2002)	2.11
"Gemcitabine has been reported to be an active agent in pancreatic cancer. "	( New applications of gemcitabine and future directions in the management of pancreatic cancer. Abbruzzese, JL, 2002)	2.08
"Gemcitabine has mild renal toxicity, but cases of gemcitabine-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) have been reported."	( Gemcitabine-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Joerger, M; Pestalozzi, BC; Walter, RB, 2002)	3.2
"Gemcitabine has shown promising activity in heavily pretreated patients with HD and NHL even in those who have progressed after autologous stem cell transplantation."	( Gemcitabine and its combinations in the treatment of malignant lymphoma. Chau, I; Cunningham, D; Watkins, D, 2002)	2.48
"Gemcitabine has demonstrated a good efficacy in number of tumor types. "	( [Gemcitabine and breast cancer]. Besse, B; Spano, JP, 2002)	2.67
"Gemcitabine has demonstrated promising activity in phase II studies in metastatic breast cancer and gynaecologic tumors; phase III trials are ongoing."	( [Updates on gemcitabine at the American Society of Clinical Oncology congress (ASCO, 2002) ]. André, T; Culine, S; Epaud, C; Gligorov, J, 2002)	1.41
"Gemcitabine has become one of the key drugs in the treatment of patients with locally advanced and metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium. "	( Gemcitabine in transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium. von der Maase, H, 2003)	3.2
"Gemcitabine has modest activity in this disease."	( Systemic therapy for advanced pancreatic cancer. El-Rayes, BF; Philip, PA, 2002)	1.04
"Gemcitabine has evolved as standard therapy in advanced pancreatic cancer since the demonstration of a significant clinical benefit. "	( Activity of raltitrexed and gemcitabine in advanced pancreatic cancer. Aebi, S; Borner, MM; Büchler, MW; Friess, H; Kralidis, E, 2003)	2.06
"Gemcitabine has shown a broad range of activity in solid tumors, including previously untreated small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). "	( Phase II trial of gemcitabine in refractory or relapsed small-cell lung cancer: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial 1597. Blanke, C; Declerck, L; DeVore, R; Johnson, D; Masters, GA; Miller, K; Sandler, A, 2003)	2.1
"Gemcitabine has modest activity in previously treated SCLC patients. "	( Phase II trial of gemcitabine in refractory or relapsed small-cell lung cancer: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial 1597. Blanke, C; Declerck, L; DeVore, R; Johnson, D; Masters, GA; Miller, K; Sandler, A, 2003)	2.1
"Gemcitabine has thus become the de facto standard of care for advanced pancreatic cancer, and current efforts are directed toward finding strategies that can capitalize on and extend these clinical benefits."	( Chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer. Haller, DG, 2003)	1.04
"Gemcitabine (GEM) has potential activity in advanced pancreatic cancer and is a powerful radiosensitizer."	( Postoperative adjuvant gemcitabine and concurrent radiation after curative resection of pancreatic head carcinoma: a phase II study. Closon, MT; Closset, J; Collette, M; Demols, A; Gastelblum, P; Gay, F; Gelin, M; Houbiers, G; Houtte, PV; Polus, M; Van Laethem, JL, 2003)	1.35
"Gemcitabine has recently been shown to be an improvement over 5-fluorouracil in patients with advanced disease."	( Initial experience combining cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition with chemoradiation for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Crane, CH; Janjan, NA; Mason, K; Milas, L, 2003)	1.04
"Gemcitabine has shown therapeutic activity in a variety of malignancies, including ovarian cancer. "	( Gemcitabine as a single-agent treatment for ovarian cancer. Fowler, WC; Van Le, L, 2003)	3.2
"Gemcitabine has become one of the key drugs in the management of NSCLC, alone or in association with platin compounds."	( The emerging role of pemetrexed (Alimta) and gemcitabine in non-small cell lung cancer. Le Chevalier, T, 2003)	1.3
"Gemcitabine has replaced 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy as the standard of care."	( New perspectives in the management of pancreas cancer. Haller, DG, 2003)	1.04
"Gemcitabine has been extensively studied in the oncology literature and at this time is thought to be a low-risk hepatotoxin causing hepatic adaptation and transient, reversible liver enzyme elevation, rarely leading to termination of gemcitabine therapy for solid tumors."	( Fatal cholestatic liver failure associated with gemcitabine therapy. Lambiase, L; Li, J; Monteiro, C; Robinson, K; Schiff, M, 2003)	1.3
"Gemcitabine has been shown to be active as a single agent and in combination with other drugs, including carboplatin and paclitaxel, in the treatment of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer."	( Gemcitabine: current role and future options in the treatment of ovarian cancer. D'Agostino, G; Ferrandina, G; Fruscella, E; Gallo, D; Scambia, G, 2003)	2.48
"Gemcitabine (GEM) has replaced 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy as the standard of care."	( [Chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer]. Abe, H; Akada, M; Egawa, S; Fukuyama, S; Matsuno, S; Motoi, F; Ottomo, S; Sunamura, M; Takeda, K, 2003)	1.04
"Gemcitabine has been prescribed for patients with inoperable human pancreatic ductal carcinoma as a first-line chemotherapy."	( Gemcitabine suppresses malignant ascites of human pancreatic cancer: correlation with VEGF expression in ascites. Chayama, K; Iiboshi, T; Kariya, K; Kobayashi, K; Kuwada, Y; Kuwahara, K; Miyata, H; Morinaka, K; Murakami, M; Noma, B; Sasaki, T; Serikawa, M; Yamasaki, S, 2004)	2.49
"Gemcitabine has demonstrated significant antitumor activity in patients with advanced breast cancer when used either as a single agent or in combination with other active drugs (as a doublet or a triplet)."	( Rationale and clinical trial design for evaluating gemcitabine as neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. Geyer, CE; Mamounas, EP; Swain, SM, 2004)	1.3
"Gemcitabine has been evaluated in combination with paclitaxel, docetaxel, anthracyclines, vinorelbine, and cisplatin as first-line treatment and after prior chemotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer. "	( Gemcitabine combination chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer: phase II experience. O'Shaughnessy, J, 2003)	3.2
"Gemcitabine has recently emerged as the standard single agent in advanced stages of the disease and pharmacokinetic refinements such as the use of a fixed-dose infusion rate may further improve still rather modest result figures."	( Emerging drugs in pancreatic cancer. Boige, V; Ducreux, M; Malka, D, 2004)	1.04
"Gemcitabine has been reported to be a potent radiosensitiser in human pancreatic cell lines. "	( Phase II study of radiotherapy combined with gemcitabine for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Ikeda, H; Ikeda, M; Ito, Y; Kagami, Y; Morizane, C; Okusaka, T; Takezako, Y; Ueno, H, 2004)	2.03
"Gemcitabine has documented efficacy in this setting."	( Pilot study of fixed-infusion rate gemcitabine with Cisplatin and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma. Colovos, C; Emmanouilides, C; Hernandez, L; Pinter-Brown, L; Rosen, P; Schiller, G; Territo, M, 2004)	1.32
"Gemcitabine has been shown to have modest activity and low and well-tolerated toxicity in heavily pretreated patients with recurrent ovarian carcinoma."	( Long-term disease-free survival effected by gemcitabine in a heavily pretreated patient with recurrent ovarian carcinoma. Piura, B, 2005)	2.03
"Gemcitabine has been recently recognized as standard treatment in advanced pancreatic cancer. "	( Gemcitabine and continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil in locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer: a phase I-II study. Barana, D; Bassi, C; Cavallini, G; Cetto, GL; Falconi, M; Manno, P; Oliani, C; Padovani, M; Pederzoli, P, )	3.02
"Gemcitabine has some activity and low and well tolerated toxicity in heavily pretreated patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian, peritoneal and fallopian tube carcinoma."	( Gemcitabine in heavily pretreated patients with recurrent ovarian, peritoneal and fallopian tube carcinoma. Piura, B; Rabinovich, A, 2004)	3.21
"Gemcitabine (Gemzar) has elicited considerable interest in this disease, as a combination partner in chemotherapeutic regimens."	( New investigative regimens and cytotoxic agents in thoracic cancers: gemcitabine and pemetrexed. Bunn, P, 2004)	1.28
"Gemcitabine has demonstrated clinical activity in solid tumors. "	( Non-toxic and short treatment with gemcitabine inhibits in vitro migration of HT-1080 cells. Alcouffe, C; Boutonnat, J; Clément-Lacroix, J; Mousseau, M; Ronot, X, 2004)	2.04
"Gemcitabine has broad activity in a variety of solid tumors including biliary tract carcinomas. "	( Gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin in advanced biliary tract and gallbladder carcinoma: a North Central Cancer Treatment Group phase II trial. Al-Khatib, H; Alberts, SR; Burgart, L; Cera, PJ; Finch, TR; Flynn, PJ; Knost, JA; Levitt, R; Mahoney, MR; Tschetter, LK; Windschitl, HE, 2005)	3.21
"Gemcitabine has been included as a partner for paclitaxel in the tAnGo trial based on high response rates, including high complete response rates, observed in phase II trials of the combination in more advanced disease and based on the tolerability and safety of the combination compared with those of other taxane-containing two-drug combinations."	( Adjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer: the tAnGo trial. Poole, C, 2004)	1.04
"Gemcitabine has been the standard regimen for advanced pancreatic cancer, but the effect on the response rate and survival is still disappointing, leading to many trials of combination chemotherapy. "	( [A phase II study of combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil, and cisplatin for advanced pancreatic cancer]. Choi, SB; Kim, SR; Lee, HY; Yuh, YJ, 2005)	2.02
"Gemcitabine therapy has been associated with radiation recall reactions when used in the treatment of carcinoma. "	( Gemcitabine-induced pericardial effusion and tamponade after unblocked cardiac irradiation. Carver, JR; Elstrom, R; Glatstein, E; Luger, S; Nasta, SD; Porter, DL; Schuster, SJ; Stadtmauer, EA; Tsai, DE; Vogl, DT, 2005)	3.21
"Gemcitabine has demonstrated a broad spectrum anti-tumoural effect and a favourable toxicity profile."	( Gemcitabine in the treatment of advanced head and neck cancer. Bier, J; Gath, HJ; Oettle, H; Raguse, JD; Riess, H, 2005)	2.49
"Gemcitabine has excellent radiosensitizing properties, as shown in both preclinical and clinical studies. "	( Unraveling the mechanism of radiosensitization by gemcitabine: the role of TP53. Andriessen, V; Baay, MF; Korst, AE; Lambrechts, HA; Lardon, F; Pattyn, GG; Pauwels, B; Pooter, CM; Vermorken, JB, 2005)	2.02
"Gemcitabine has demonstrated response in similar cancers."	( The role of gemcitabine in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer: a systematic review. Brouwers, MC; Dingle, BH; Rumble, RB, 2005)	1.43
"Gemcitabine has minimal activity as a single agent at this dose and schedule in advanced STS. "	( Phase II trial of gemcitabine as first line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic or unresectable soft tissue sarcoma. Borden, EC; Karen, A; Mills, GM; Rankin, C; Von Burton, G; Zalupski, MM, 2006)	2.11
"Gemcitabine has a good toxicity profile, with myelosuppression being the most common side effect, while non-hematological events are relatively uncommon."	( Role of gemcitabine in cancer therapy. Bartolini, S; Cappuzzo, F; Finocchiaro, G; Gioia, V; Toschi, L, 2005)	1.48
"Gemcitabine has been previously reported to be causative of acute myocardial infarction."	( Gemcitabine and acute myocardial infarction--a case report. Bdair, FM; Graham, SP; Javle, MM; Smith, PF, )	2.3
"Gemcitabine has activity in a high-risk patient population and remains a viable option for some patients who refuse cystectomy."	( Phase II trial of intravesical gemcitabine in bacille Calmette-Guérin-refractory transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Bajorin, D; Ben-Porat, L; Bochner, B; Dalbagni, G; Donat, MS; Herr, HW; Russo, P; Sheinfeld, J; Sogani, P, 2006)	2.06
"Gemcitabine has proven active in combination with paclitaxel and, on this basis, a phase III trial showed a significantly higher response rate than paclitaxel alone (39.3% v 25.6%)."	( Overview of gemcitabine activity in advanced breast cancer. Smith, IE, 2006)	1.43
"Gemcitabine has a molecular weight of 299 D, lower than that of commonly-used intravesical chemotherapeutic agents such as mitomycin C (389 D) and doxorubicin (589 D). "	( Actual experience and future development of gemcitabine in superficial bladder cancer. Frea, B; Gontero, P, 2006)	2.04
"Gemcitabine has been shown to exert a radiosensitizing effect in various epithelial cancers. "	( Combination therapy using gemcitabine and radioimmunotherapy in nude mice with small peritoneal metastases of colonic origin. Bleichrodt, RP; Boerman, OC; Goldenberg, DM; Koppe, MJ; Oyen, WJ; Verhofstad, AA, 2006)	2.08
"Gemcitabine has been shown to be effective as a single agent in a variety of tumors including nonHodgkin's lymphoma. "	( Single agent gemcitabine chemotherapy in dogs with spontaneously occurring lymphoma. Cosgrove, SB; Gamblin, RM; Griffice, K; Hahn, KA; Khanna, C; Rusk, A; Turner, AI, )	1.94
"Gemcitabine has been shown to ameliorate disease related symptoms and to prolong overall survival in pancreatic cancer.Yet, resistance to Gemcitabine is commonly observed in this tumour entity and has been linked to increased expression of anti-apoptotic bcl-2. "	( bcl-2-specific siRNAs restore gemcitabine sensitivity in human pancreatic cancer cells. Dietze, O; Hahn, EG; Herold, C; Neureiter, D; Ocker, M; Okamoto, K; Zopf, S, )	1.86
"Gemcitabine has been one of the most commonly used agents for pancreatic adenocarcinoma chemotherapy, but the determinants of the sensitivity of and resistance to this agent are not yet fully understood. "	( Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 is associated with the chemosensitivity of gemcitabine in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma and biliary tract carcinoma cells. Danenberg, PV; Endo, I; Fujii, Y; Ichikawa, Y; Ishikawa, T; Matsuyama, R; Mori, R; Shimada, H; Taniguchi, K; Togo, S; Ueda, M, 2007)	2
"Gemcitabine has a possible role for stage IV pancreatic cancer."	( Impact of gemcitabine on the survival of patients with stage IV pancreatic cancer. Ajiki, T; Fujino, Y; Kamigaki, T; Kamoda, Y; Kuroda, Y; Matsumoto, I; Takase, S; Ueda, T; Yasuda, T, 2007)	2.18
"Gemcitabine has a relatively safe profile."	( Gemcitabine-induced liver fibrosis in a patient with pancreatic cancer. Cornfeld, D; Saif, MW; Shahrokni, A, 2007)	2.5
"Gemcitabine has been reported to cause this condition rarely."	( Gemcitabine-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome in ovarian carcinoma. Kad, R; Kalra, N; Osama, S, 2007)	2.5
"Gemcitabine has been a standard treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer since it was shown a decade ago to result in a superior clinical benefit response and survival compared with bolus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)."	( Pancreatic cancer--is the wall crumbling? Chua, YJ; Zalcberg, JR, 2008)	1.07
"Gemcitabine has been reported as a single drug, in 12 trials and as a combination in 21 studies. "	( Chemotherapy with gemcitabine in advanced biliary tract carcinoma. Gerson, R; Serrano, A, 2008)	2.12
"Gemcitabine has also shown activity in platinum-resistant patients with an overall response rate of 23% (95% CI 10%-40%)."	( New cytostatic drugs in ovarian cancer. Eisenhauer, EA; Hansen, HH; Hansen, M; Neijt, JP; Piccart, MJ; Sessa, C; Thigpen, JT, 1993)	1.01
"Gemcitabine has an unusually mild side effect profile for such an active agent."	( Efficacy and safety profile of gemcitabine in non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase II study. Abratt, RP; Bezwoda, WR; Falkson, G; Goedhals, L; Hacking, D; Rugg, TA, 1994)	1.3
"Gemcitabine has modest activity in pancreatic cancer, a limited positive improvement on a range of patient benefit parameters and has a mild toxicity profile."	( Phase II study of gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Blatter, J; Carmichael, J; Fink, U; Harris, AL; Russell, RC; Spiessi, G; Spittle, MF, 1996)	1.35
"Gemcitabine has also been studied in combination with other drugs active in NSCLC."	( Gemcitabine in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Burkes, RL; Shepherd, FA, 1995)	2.46
"Gemcitabine has been found to be promising in the chemotherapy of other tumors with low proliferative activity, but its effectiveness against myeloma cells has not been analyzed so far."	( 2',2'-Difluorodeoxycytidine (gemcitabine) induces apoptosis in myeloma cell lines resistant to steroids and 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA). Boeck, G; Egle, A; Geisen, F; Greil, R; Gruber, J; Konwalinka, G; Sgonc, R; Villunger, A, 1996)	1.31
"Gemcitabine has been administered using two different treatment schedules: once weekly or twice weekly for 3 weeks followed by a week of rest (one cycle)."	( Gemcitabine: once-weekly schedule active and better tolerated than twice-weekly schedule. Anderson, H; Lund, B; Martin, C; Thatcher, N, 1996)	2.46
"Gemcitabine has shown phase II activity against a range of solid tumor malignancies. "	( A phase I study of gemcitabine and carboplatin in non-small cell lung cancer. Allerheiligen, S; Carmichael, J; Walling, J, 1996)	2.07
"Gemcitabine has high clinical activity in several solid tumors that are treated with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. "	( Radiosensitization of human solid tumor cell lines with gemcitabine. Lawrence, TS; Shewach, DS, 1996)	1.98
"Gemcitabine has some activity in heavily pretreated ovarian cancer patients and deserves further investigation in this malignancy."	( Activity of gemcitabine in patients with advanced ovarian cancer: responses seen following platinum and paclitaxel. Francis, PA; Michael, M; Millward, MJ; Rischin, D; Shapiro, JD; Toner, GC; Walcher, V, 1996)	1.39
"Gemcitabine has been shown to be a potent radiosensitizer in a variety of tumor cell lines, including HT-29 colorectal carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, breast, non-small cell lung and head and neck cancer cell lines."	( Gemcitabine and radiosensitization in human tumor cells. Lawrence, TS; Shewach, DS, 1996)	2.46
"Gemcitabine has been found to be active against colony-forming units from patients with non-small cell lung, breast, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers."	( Activity of gemcitabine in a human tumor cloning assay as a basis for clinical trials with gemcitabine. San Antonio Drug Development Team. Von Hoff, DD, 1996)	1.39
"Gemcitabine has shown some activity against non-small-cell lung cancer, particularly when combined with cisplatin or ifosfamide."	( Gemcitabine: a cytidine analogue active against solid tumors. Hui, YF; Reitz, J, 1997)	2.46
"Gemcitabine has a role in the palliative treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer."	( Gemcitabine: symptomatic benefit in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Anderson, H; Bradley, B; Jayson, G; Ranson, M; Thatcher, N, 1997)	2.46
"Gemcitabine also has dose- and time-dependent radiosensitization properties in vitro."	( Enhancement of radiation-induced regrowth delay by gemcitabine in a human tumor xenograft model. Ball, DL; Groves, J; Joschko, MA; Millward, MJ; Palatsides, M; Webster, LK; Yuen, K, 1997)	1.27
"Gemcitabine has shown activity in different solid tumors. "	( Phase II trial of gemcitabine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Aigner, K; Baumgartner, G; Forstner, B; Huber, H; Hubner, M; Krajnik, G; Krejcy, K; Kummer, F; Malayeri, R; Pirker, R; Ulsperger, E; Zöchbauer, S, 1997)	2.07
"Gemcitabine has promising single-agent activity against urothelial cancer with a favorable toxicity profile. "	( Gemcitabine: a promising new agent in the treatment of advanced urothelial cancer. Ernst, DS; Huan, S; Moore, MJ; Murray, N; Tannock, IF, 1997)	3.18
"Gemcitabine has been evaluated in 3 phase II studies revealing anti-tumour activity, albeit to a modest degree of around 10%."	( Clinical response benefit in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Role of gemcitabine. Carmichael, J, 1997)	1.25
"Gemcitabine has demonstrated single-agent activity in advanced, incurable non-small cell lung cancer, yielding response rates of > or =20%, and, in combination with cisplatin, response rates of 30% to 60%. "	( Gemcitabine and carboplatin in combination: phase I and phase II studies. Calvert, P; Langer, CJ; Ozols, RF, 1998)	3.19
"Gemcitabine has demonstrated significant single-agent activity in NSCLC."	( Gemcitabine and radiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Gregor, A; Turrisi, AT; Vokes, EE, 1998)	2.46
"Gemcitabine has activity against untreated SCLC."	( Evaluation of new drugs in small cell lung cancer: the activity of gemcitabine. Postmus, PE; Schramel, FM; Smit, EF, 1998)	1.26
"Gemcitabine, which has shown considerable potential for the treatment of solid tumors, was a relatively poor inhibitor of [3H]formycin B uptake via the equilibrative transporters (IC50 approximately 400 microM)."	( Interaction of 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine (gemcitabine) and formycin B with the Na+-dependent and -independent nucleoside transporters of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Burke, T; Ferguson, PJ; Hammond, JR; Lee, S, 1998)	1.28
"Gemcitabine has shown single-agent activity in metastatic breast cancer. "	( Gemcitabine plus dose-escalated epirubicin in advanced breast cancer: results of a phase I study. Akrivakis, C; Arning, M; Flath, B; Lüftner, D; Mergenthaler, HG; Ohnmacht, U; Possinger, K, 1998)	3.19
"Gemcitabine has demonstrated single-agent activity in advanced, incurable non-small cell lung cancer, yielding response rates of > or =20%. "	( Gemcitabine and carboplatin in combination: an update of phase I and phase II studies in non-small cell lung cancer. Calvert, P; Edelman, MJ; Gandara, DR; Langer, CJ; Ozols, RF, 1999)	3.19
"Gemcitabine has a mild toxicity profile that allows it to be combined easily in triplet combinations with other doublets."	( Triplet chemotherapy with gemcitabine, a platinum, and a third agent in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Bunn, PA, 1999)	1.32
"Gemcitabine has shown activity in patients with less chemosensitive solid tumors. "	( A Phase II study of gemcitabine in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lung Cancer Cooperative Group. Ardizzoni, A; Baas, P; Debruyne, C; Giaccone, G; Gridelli, C; Groen, HJ; Lentz, M; Manegold, C; van Marck, EA; van Meerbeeck, JP, 1999)	2.07
"Gemcitabine has been already approved as indications for NSCLC as well as pancreatic cancer abroad and now there have been discussions on its efficacy against other kinds of cancer such as breast cancer."	( [Gemcitabine hydrochloride is a new anti-cancer agent which will be available in the patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Japan]. Yokoyama, A, 1999)	1.93
"Gemcitabine has most frequently been combined with cisplatin, yielding a combined response rate of 44% (intention-to-treat; 95% CI 36% to 47%) or 45% (efficacy; 95% CI 39% to 51%) from 7 phase II studies."	( The use of gemcitabine in non-small-cell lung cancer. Provincial Lung Cancer Disease Site Group. Provincial Systemic Treatment Disease Site Group. Eady, A; Evans, WK; Gagliardi, A; Kocha, W; Newman, TE, 1999)	1.41
"Gemcitabine has shown very modest activity when used as a single agent or in combination therapy, although further data from ongoing research have not yet been reported."	( Chemotherapy in head and neck cancer. Overview of newer agents. Khattab, J; Urba, SG, 1999)	1.02
"Both gemcitabine and docetaxel have been associated with pulmonary toxicity when used as single agents. "	( Severe pulmonary toxicity in patients treated with a combination of docetaxel and gemcitabine for metastatic transitional cell carcinoma. Bateman, AC; Cook, T; Dunsford, ML; Mead, GM; Tung, K, 1999)	1.04
"Gemcitabine (Gemzar) has a significant impact upon survival and quality of life for patients with pancreatic cancer, compared with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). "	( Phase I trial of gemcitabine (Gemzar), 24 h infusion 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid in patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer. Arning, M; Diebold, T; Hochmuth, K; Huhn, D; Langrehr, J; Neuhaus, P; Oettle, H; Pelzer, U; Riess, H; Schmidt, CA; Vogl, TJ, 1999)	2.09
"Gemcitabine also has been shown to be more effective than best supportive care in non-small cell lung cancer."	( Single-agent gemcitabine and gemcitabine/irinotecan combination (irimogem) in non-small cell lung cancer. Bahadori, HR; Eckardt, JR; Green, MR; Leong, SS; Perkel, JA; Putman, T; Rocha Lima, CM; Safa, AR; Sherman, CA, 1999)	1.39
"Gemcitabine and docetaxel have been claimed to be active single agents in advanced pancreatic cancer. "	( A phase I-II study of gemcitabine and docetaxel in advanced pancreatic cancer: a report from the Italian Group for the Study of Digestive Tract Cancer (GISCAD). Cascinu, S; Catalano, G; Catalano, V; Gasparini, G; Gattuso, D; Giordani, P; Morabito, A; Pancera, G; Silva, RR, 1999)	2.06
"Gemcitabine has been shown to be an active agent in the treatment of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer."	( The role of gemcitabine in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Ozols, RF, 2000)	1.41
"Gemcitabine has been demonstrated active in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). "	( Cisplatin-carboplatin-gemcitabine or ifosfamide-gemcitabine in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma: two pilot studies. Berghmans, T; Klastersky, J; Markiewicz, E; Mommen, P; Sculier, JP, )	1.89
"Gemcitabine has recently been compared favorably to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as the standard chemotherapy for advanced pancreas cancer. "	( A phase II study of gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil in metastatic pancreatic cancer: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study (E3296). Adak, S; Berlin, JD; Blaszkowsky, L; Flinker, D; Harris, JE; Vaughn, DJ, 2000)	2.07
"Gemcitabine has demonstrated clinical activity against several common cancers. "	( The study of gemcitabine in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents as an effective treatment for prostate cancer. Brumfield, SK; Lehr, JE; Mahoney, M; Muenchen, HJ; Pienta, KJ; Pilat, MJ; Quigley, MM, )	1.94
"Gemcitabine has been recently added to the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) protocol in the treatment of both new and 5-FU refractory patients with pancreatic cancer. "	( Comparison of 5-FU and leucovorin to gemcitabine in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Figer, A; Klein, B; Levin, I; Mishaeli, M; Sadikov, E, )	1.85
"Gemcitabine has promising single-agent activity in advanced breast disease. "	( Gemcitabine in combination with doxorubicin in advanced breast cancer: final results of a phase II pharmacokinetic trial. Alba, E; García-Conde, J; Khayat, D; Lluch, A; Moreno-Nogueira, JA; Palomero, M; Pérez-Manga, G; Rivelles, N, 2000)	3.19
"Gemcitabine therapy has not been widely assessed in the treatment of hematological malignancies. "	( Gemcitabine for relapsed or resistant lymphoma. Flamm, M; Garrett, TJ; Heitjan, D; Johnson, SA; Keohan, ML; Lee, RT; Oster, MW; Ruiz, J; Rule, SA; Savage, DG; Tighe, M, 2000)	3.19
"Gemcitabine has substantial activity and acceptable toxicity in heavily pre-treated patients with advanced lymphoma. "	( Gemcitabine for relapsed or resistant lymphoma. Flamm, M; Garrett, TJ; Heitjan, D; Johnson, SA; Keohan, ML; Lee, RT; Oster, MW; Ruiz, J; Rule, SA; Savage, DG; Tighe, M, 2000)	3.19
"Gemcitabine has evoked interest not only because of its intrinsic activity against this cancer, but also because of its effect of inhibiting repair of DNA that has been damaged by drugs like cisplatin."	( Gemcitabine and cisplatin in locally advanced and/or metastatic bladder cancer. von der Maase, H, 2000)	2.47
"Also gemcitabine has shown interesting results in this setting, with a 19% response rate and a median and 1-year survival rate of 34 weeks and 45%, respectively."	( Second-line chemotherapy for recurrent non-small cell lung cancer: do new agents make a difference? Buccheri, G; Ferrigno, D, 2000)	0.76
"Gemcitabine has shown interesting clinical activity in initial phase II clinical trials in a variety of malignancies, including the aerodigestive malignancies, squamous-cell carcinoma of the head/neck and both non-small-cell and small-cell lung cancer."	( Phase II trial of gemcitabine in patients with previously untreated metastatic cancer of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction. Einhorn, LH; Kindler, HL; Kraut, M; Masters, G; Mitchell, E; Nicol, S; Raghavan, D; Sandler, AB, 2000)	1.36
"Gemcitabine has been shown to improve survival and quality of life parameters compared to fluorouracil alone in advanced pancreatic cancer [J Clin Oncol 1997;15:2403-2413]. "	( Activity of gemcitabine and continuous infusion fluorouracil in advanced pancreatic cancer. Aebi, S; Borner, MM; Büchler, MW; Friess, H; Ludwig, CU; Maurer, CA; Pampallona, S; Rauch, DP, 2001)	2.13
"Gemcitabine has been shown to be an active agent in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. "	( Gemcitabine following radiotherapy with concurrent 5-fluorouracil for nonmetastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Kachnic, LA; Lauve, AD; Manning, MA; Neifeld, JP; Shaw, JE, 2001)	3.2
"Gemcitabine (Gemzar) has demonstrated activity in a broad range of solid tumors with good tolerance. "	( Optimizing chemoradiation in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Choy, H; Curran, WJ, 2001)	1.75
"Gemcitabine has modest activity in patients with resistant SCLC. "	( Single-agent gemcitabine in patients with resistant small-cell lung cancer. Groen, HJ; Postmus, PE; Schlösser, NJ; Schramel, FM; Smit, EF; van der Lee, I; van Putten, JW, 2001)	2.12
"Gemcitabine has modest activity in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer and is a potent radiosensitizer. "	( Phase I trial of gemcitabine combined with radiation for the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Abbruzzese, JL; Charnsangavej, C; Evans, DB; Gravel, DM; Janjan, NA; Lee, JE; Lenzi, R; Pisters, PW; Wolff, RA, 2001)	2.09
"Gemcitabine has activity in advanced ovarian cancer, with responses in platinum-resistant disease. "	( Multicenter phase II study of gemcitabine in previously untreated patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Ahern, J; Carmichael, J; Dombernowsky, P; Hansen, H; Hansen, M; Harper, PG; Highley, MS; Hirsch, F; Lund, B; Parnis, FX; Underhill, CR; Williams, C, 2001)	2.04
"Gemcitabine has been well studied in the laboratory, with respect to mechanisms of radiosensitization and strategies that may increase the therapeutic index."	( Recent advances in the use of radiosensitizing nucleosides. Lawrence, TS; McGinn, CJ, 2001)	1.03
"Gemcitabine has shown in vitro and in vivo radiosensitizing properties, synergistic activity with cisplatin, and cytotoxic activity against SCC-HN."	( Gemcitabine, cisplatin, and radiation in advanced, unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a feasibility study. Benasso, M; Corvò, R; Marchetti, G; Merlano, M; Numico, G; Pallestrini, E; Ricci, I; Rosso, R; Sanguineti, G; Santelli, A; Vitale, V, 2001)	2.47
"Gemcitabine has moderate activity in NPC with minimal toxicity, and is also an effective salvage agent for patients who have failed or progressed after treatment with other agents."	( Gemcitabine in metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma of the undifferentiated type. Fong, KW; Foo, KF; Koh, L; Leong, SS; Lian, LG; Machin, D; Tai, BC; Tan, EH; Tan, T; Wee, JT, 2002)	3.2
"Gemcitabine has demonstrated single-agent efficacy in the treatment of advanced breast cancer, with response rates of up to 42%. "	( Gemcitabine/anthracycline combinations in metastatic breast cancer. Zielinski, CC, 2002)	3.2
"Gemcitabine has become a new standard for treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer. "	( Present and future treatment of pancreatic cancer. Heinemann, V, 2002)	1.76

Actions

Gemcitabine displays antitumor activity in intensively pretreated and refractory germ cell tumors. It can inhibit DNA chain elongation, is a potent radiosensitizer and it can enhance antitumors immune activity. Gemcitabne (dFdC) can increase the sensitivity of both cisplatin (CDDP)-sensitive and -resistant cell lines.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Gemcitabine can inhibit DNA chain elongation, is a potent radiosensitizer and it can enhance antitumor immune activity, but it also presents some drawbacks (e.g., short half-life, side effects, chemoresistance)."	( Gemcitabine and glioblastoma: challenges and current perspectives. Bastiancich, C; Bastiat, G; Lagarce, F, 2018)	2.64
"Gemcitabine treatment promotes the generation of CCL2 and CCL2 could attach to C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) to recruit M-MDSCs."	( RS 504393 inhibits M-MDSCs recruiting in immune microenvironment of bladder cancer after gemcitabine treatment. Fan, J; Jiang, JT; Liu, ZH; Mu, XY; Sun, F; Tan, MY; Wang, RJ; Wang, X; Wu, K; Yao, ZX; Zheng, JH; Zheng, Z, 2019)	1.46
"Gemcitabine metabolites cause the termination of DNA replication and induction of apoptosis. "	( Diagnostic Microdosing Approach to Study Gemcitabine Resistance. Cimino, GD; de Vere White, R; Henderson, PT; Malfatti, MA; Pan, CX; Scharadin, TM; Turteltaub, K; Wang, S; Zhang, H; Zimmermann, M, 2016)	2.14
"Gemcitabine given at a lower dose intensity than standard should be considered as valuable therapeutic option in elderly or poor PS patients with advanced NSCLC unfit for platinum."	( When less is better: the safety and efficacy of reduced intensity gemcitabine in a difficult patient population with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Calvani, N; Cinefra, M; Cinieri, S; D'Amico, M; Fedele, P; Marino, A; Nacci, A; Orlando, L; Rizzo, P; Schiavone, P; Sponziello, F, 2013)	1.35
"Gemcitabine (dFdC) can increase the sensitivity of both cisplatin (CDDP)-sensitive and -resistant cell lines. "	( Effects of gemcitabine on cis-platinum-DNA adduct formation and repair in a panel of gemcitabine and cisplatin-sensitive or -resistant human ovarian cancer cell lines. Comijn, EC; Lakerveld, B; Noordhuis, P; Peters, GJ; Pinedo, HM; Smid, K; Van der Vijgh, WJ; Van Moorsel, CJ; Voorn, D; Weaver, D; Willey, JC, 2006)	2.17
"Gemcitabine (dFdC) may cause radiosensitization by specific interference with homologous recombination-mediated DNA double-strand break repair. "	( Gemcitabine as a radiosensitizer in undifferentiated tumors. Barten-van Rijbroek, AD; El Sharouni, SY; Kal, HB, )	3.02
"Gemcitabine treatment may inhibit tumor progression and prolong survival in gallbladder cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis."	( Antitumor effect of gemcitabine on orthotopically inoculated human gallbladder cancer cells in nude mice. Ajiki, T; Fujimori, T; Fujita, T; Hirata, K; Hori, H; Horiuchi, H; Kamigaki, T; Kuroda, Y; Mita, Y; Okazaki, T, 2007)	2.11
"Gemcitabine displays antitumor activity in intensively pretreated and refractory germ cell tumors. "	( Gemcitabine in patients with relapsed or cisplatin-refractory testicular cancer. Beyer, J; Bokemeyer, C; Casper, J; Gerl, A; Harstrick, A; Kanz, L; Niederle, N; Schmoll, HJ; Schöffski, P, 1999)	3.19
"Gemcitabine was able to increase the activity of fludarabine only when low doses of the former were employed. "	( In vitro study of the combination gemcitabine + fludarabine on freshly isolated chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Magagnoli, M; Pellacani, A; Tosi, P; Tura, S; Visani, G; Zinzani, PL, 1999)	2.03
"Gemcitabine did not cause apoptosis in the BT474 cells."	( Akt, MAPK (Erk1/2), and p38 act in concert to promote apoptosis in response to ErbB receptor family inhibition. Fry, DW; Nelson, JM, 2001)	1.03

Treatment

Gemcitabine treatment can effectively increase the total proportion of infiltrating immune cells. It can reduce the proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and macrophages, and increase T cells proportion without significant growth inhibition. Gem citabine/erlotinib treatment offers limited benefit in unselected patient.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Gemcitabine treatment led to MUC5AC overexpression, resulting in disruption of E-cadherin/β-catenin junctions and the nuclear translocation of β-catenin, which increased c-Myc expression, with a concomitant rise in glutamine uptake and glutamate release."	( Mucin 5AC Serves as the Nexus for β-Catenin/c-Myc Interplay to Promote Glutamine Dependency During Pancreatic Cancer Chemoresistance. Atri, P; Batra, SK; Bhatia, R; Cox, JL; Ganguly, K; Kaur, S; Kisling, A; Kumar, S; Mallya, K; Ram Krishn, S; Rauth, S; Shinde, D; Thomas, V; Thompson, C; Vengoji, R, 2022)	1.44
"Gemcitabine treatment can effectively increase the total proportion of infiltrating immune cells, reduce the proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and macrophages, and increase T cells proportion without significant growth inhibition. "	( Gemcitabine-facilitated modulation of the tumor microenvironment and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade generate a synergistic antitumor effect in a murine hepatocellular carcinoma model. Chen, X; Fang, D; Guan, J; He, X; Shi, ZW; Wang, H; Wang, X, 2022)	3.61
"Gemcitabine treatment induced phosphorylation of IGF1R and increased the expression of phosphor-cJun, Ets1, and Egr1 within 72 h."	( Gemcitabine resistance of pancreatic cancer cells is mediated by IGF1R dependent upregulation of CD44 expression and isoform switching. Cao, L; Chen, C; Freeman, JW; Karnad, A; Kumar, AP; Zhao, S; Zhao, X, 2022)	2.89
"Gemcitabine, a standard treatment for pancreatic cancer, often has poor outcomes for patients as a result of chemoresistance."	( SLC38A5 Modulates Ferroptosis to Overcome Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer. Cheong, JH; Hong, WC; Kang, HW; Kim, HJ; Kim, HS; Kim, JH; Kim, M; Kim, MJ; Lee, DE; Park, JS, 2023)	1.9
"Gemcitabine treatment was associated with significantly more neutropenia, whereas pegylated liposomal doxorubicin was associated with significantly more hand-foot syndrome."	( Gemcitabine for recurrent ovarian cancer - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Berg, T; Nøttrup, TJ; Roed, H, 2019)	2.68
"Gemcitabine/erlotinib treatment offers limited benefit in unselected patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). "	( Correlation of skin rash and overall survival in patients with pancreatic cancer treated with gemcitabine and erlotinib - results from a non-interventional multi-center study. Beringer, A; Fuchs, M; Garlipp, B; Hahn, L; Heinemann, V; Kukiolka, T; Kütting, F; Malfertheiner, P; Reiser, M; Waldschmidt, DT; Westphalen, CB, 2020)	2.22
"Gemcitabine treatment induces tumor cell apoptosis and PD-L1 expression."	( Gemcitabine and checkpoint blockade exhibit synergistic anti-tumor effects in a model of murine lung carcinoma. Du, B; Lai, J; Lin, M; Wang, Y; Wen, X, 2020)	2.72
"Gemcitabine/carboplatin treatment is known to cause severe adverse drug reactions which can lead to the need for reduction or cessation of chemotherapy. "	( Genetic association of gemcitabine/carboplatin-induced leukopenia and neutropenia in non-small cell lung cancer patients using whole-exome sequencing. Apellániz-Ruiz, M; Björn, N; Brandén, E; De Petris, L; Gréen, H; Koyi, H; Lewensohn, R; Lundeberg, J; Pradhananga, S; Rodríguez-Antona, C; Sigurgeirsson, B; Svedberg, A, 2020)	2.31
"In gemcitabine-treated mice, EpCAM-positive tumors had high ENT1 expression and reduced metastasis, whereas tumors with N-cadherin expression resisted gemcitabine treatment and formed extensive secondary metastatic nodules."	( EMT-Induced Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer Involves the Functional Loss of Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1. Campbell, MJ; Chen, W; Govindarajan, R; Hung, SW; Li, J; Nayak, D; Persaud, AK; Raj, R; Weadick, B; Williams, TM, 2021)	1.51
"Gemcitabine treatment was significantly associated with an increased NK-cell- and decreased T-regulatory cell proliferation whereas the opposite occurred in control patients. "	( Immune monitoring in mesothelioma patients identifies novel immune-modulatory functions of gemcitabine associating with clinical response. Aerts, JG; Baas, P; Biesma, B; Bootsma, GP; Burgers, JA; Cornelissen, R; Dammeijer, F; De Gooijer, CJ; Jebbink, M; Kaijen-Lambers, MEH; Klaase, L; Lievense, LA; Lukkes, M; Mankor, J; Stigt, JA; Van der Noort, V; van Gulijk, M; Vroman, H; Waasdorp, C, 2021)	2.28
"Gemcitabine treatment was associated with widespread effects on circulating immune cells of mesothelioma patients with responding patients displaying increased NK-cell and PD-1 + T-cell proliferation. "	( Immune monitoring in mesothelioma patients identifies novel immune-modulatory functions of gemcitabine associating with clinical response. Aerts, JG; Baas, P; Biesma, B; Bootsma, GP; Burgers, JA; Cornelissen, R; Dammeijer, F; De Gooijer, CJ; Jebbink, M; Kaijen-Lambers, MEH; Klaase, L; Lievense, LA; Lukkes, M; Mankor, J; Stigt, JA; Van der Noort, V; van Gulijk, M; Vroman, H; Waasdorp, C, 2021)	2.28
"Gemcitabine treatment activates both the Wnt/β-catenin and RAS/ERK pathways."	( Suppression of Wnt/β-catenin and RAS/ERK pathways provides a therapeutic strategy for gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer. Choi, KY; Han, G; Lee, SH; Ryu, WJ, 2021)	1.57
"Gemcitabine treatment for pancreatic cancer may result in resumption of ovulation in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome and these women should be counseled accordingly."	( Successful pregnancy after mucinous cystic neoplasm with invasive carcinoma of the pancreas in a patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a case report. Carlan, SJ; Guzman, A; Holloman, C; Madruga, M; Sundharkrishnan, L, 2017)	1.9
"Gemcitabine treatment induced ER stress and promoted mutant p53-R273H stabilization via transcriptionally activated uPA which may contribute to chemoresistance to gemcitabine. "	( Gemcitabine treatment induces endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress and subsequently upregulates urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) to block mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in Panc-1 cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). Chen, Y; Tian, B; Wang, L; Wang, W; Zhang, Y; Zhu, Y, 2017)	3.34
"Gemcitabine treatment caused upregulation of ZEB1 protein through post-transcriptional mechanisms in mesenchymal PDAC cells within a context of global inhibition of protein synthesis."	( Alternative polyadenylation of ZEB1 promotes its translation during genotoxic stress in pancreatic cancer cells. Bielli, P; Capurso, G; Farini, D; Fave, GD; Panzeri, V; Passacantilli, I; Pilozzi, E; Sette, C, 2017)	1.18
"Gemcitabine is a standard treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer patients but can cause chemoresistance during treatment. "	( Resveratrol enhances the chemotherapeutic response and reverses the stemness induced by gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells via targeting SREBP1. Cao, J; Cheng, L; Duan, W; Jiang, Z; Li, J; Li, X; Ma, J; Ma, Q; Qian, W; Sun, L; Wang, F; Wu, E; Wu, Z; Yan, B; Zhou, C, 2019)	2.18
"Gemcitabine treatment promotes the generation of CCL2 and CCL2 could attach to C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) to recruit M-MDSCs."	( RS 504393 inhibits M-MDSCs recruiting in immune microenvironment of bladder cancer after gemcitabine treatment. Fan, J; Jiang, JT; Liu, ZH; Mu, XY; Sun, F; Tan, MY; Wang, RJ; Wang, X; Wu, K; Yao, ZX; Zheng, JH; Zheng, Z, 2019)	1.46
"Gemcitabine treatment showed good response but not capable of inducing tumor regressions and targeting the tumor-resident cancer stem cells (CD24(+)CD44(+) and ALDH(+) tumor cells)."	( Notch signaling pathway targeted therapy suppresses tumor progression and metastatic spread in pancreatic cancer. Campbell, NR; De Oliveira, E; de Wilde, RF; Hidalgo, M; Korangath, P; Maitra, A; Pai, SG; Rajeshkumar, NV; Rasheed, ZA; Streppel, MM; Yabuuchi, S, 2013)	1.11
"Gemcitabine treatment visibly increased pERK1/2 levels in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells. "	( ERK1/2 activity contributes to gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells. Jiang, Y; Jiao, X; Sun, S; Zheng, C, 2013)	2.12
"Gemcitabine treatment altered the PTM profile of proteins involved in various biological functions, some known cancer associated genes, many potentially cancer-associated genes, and several cancer-signaling networks, including canonical and noncanonical WNT and PI3K/Akt/MTOR pathways."	( Identification of new mechanisms of cellular response to chemotherapy by tracking changes in post-translational modifications by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins. Audebert, S; Baudelet, E; Bidaut, G; Bonacci, T; Borg, JP; Camoin, L; Garcia, M; Iovanna, JL; Perkins, ND; Soubeyran, P; Witzel, II, 2014)	1.12
"Gemcitabine treatment decreased EpCAM-positive CTCs in NSCLC patients and inhibited EMT by the HGF/cMET pathway."	( Gemcitabine inhibits the micrometastasis of non-small cell lung cancer by targeting the EpCAM-positive circulating tumor cells via the HGF/cMET pathway. Guo, YH; Liao, ZJ; Nan, KJ; Xu, R; Yao, JT; Zhao, Z, 2014)	2.57
"Gemcitabine treatment maintained the CSC population with simultaneous maintenance of PD2 and CSC marker expression."	( Novel role of pancreatic differentiation 2 in facilitating self-renewal and drug resistance of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Batra, SK; Dey, P; Ganti, AK; Ponnusamy, MP; Rachagani, S; Vaz, AP, 2014)	1.12
"Upon gemcitabine treatment, HSP27-overexpressing cells displayed an early S-phase arrest subsequently followed by a strongly increased sub-G1 fraction."	( Overexpression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) increases gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic cancer cells through S-phase arrest and apoptosis. De Toni, EN; Gallmeier, E; Göke, B; Guo, Y; Hocke, S; Kampmann, E; Ochs, S; Ziesch, A, 2015)	1.12
"Gemcitabine based treatment is currently a standard first line treatment for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, however overall survival remains poor, and few options are available for patients that fail gemcitabine based therapy. "	( Gemcitabine resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines acquire an invasive phenotype with collateral hypersensitivity to histone deacetylase inhibitors. Cress, AE; Dorr, RT; Landowski, TH; Patel, C; Patel, H; Pond, E; Pond, KW; Samulitis, BK; Wisner, L, 2015)	3.3
"Gemcitabine treatment enhanced the activity of ERK1/2 in the BXPC-3 cells. "	( pERK1/2 silencing sensitizes pancreatic cancer BXPC-3 cell to gemcitabine-induced apoptosis via regulating Bax and Bcl-2 expression. Chen, D; Dong, X; Hao, F; Liu, Z; Lu, X; Ni, G; Wang, M, 2015)	2.1
"Gemcitabine-treatment of human-umbilical-vein-endothelial-cells (HUVECs) did not promote the growth of HUVECs; however, it was induced when treated with conditioned media from gemcitabine-treated (Gem-CM) PC cells due to increased cell-cycle progression and apoptotic-resistance."	( Gemcitabine triggers angiogenesis-promoting molecular signals in pancreatic cancer cells: Therapeutic implications. Arora, S; Bhardwaj, A; Carter, JE; Khan, MA; Singh, AP; Singh, S; Srivastava, SK; Zubair, H, 2015)	2.58
"Gemcitabine treatment stimulated endogenous PTK6 overexpression in MIAPaCa2 and Panc1 cells."	( PTK6 Potentiates Gemcitabine-Induced Apoptosis by Prolonging S-phase and Enhancing DNA Damage in Pancreatic Cancer. Basson, MD; Ito, H; Ono, H, 2015)	1.48
"Gemcitabine, a first-line treatment for pancreatic cancer, prolongs patient survival by several months, and combination treatment with gemcitabine and other anti-cancer drugs in the clinic do not show any significant effects on overall survival."	( Zidovudine, an anti-viral drug, resensitizes gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine by inhibition of the Akt-GSK3β-Snail pathway. Hoshino, T; Kodama, R; Mizushima, T; Moritomo, S; Namba, T, 2015)	1.4
"Gemcitabine is a common treatment, but response rates are low, perhaps due in part to tumor hypoxia."	( Distribution of Gemcitabine Is Nearly Homogenous in Two Orthotopic Murine Models of Pancreatic Cancer. Humm, JL; Kramer, RM; Russell, J, 2015)	1.48
"Gemcitabine treatment upregulated the levels of anti-apoptosis proteins (Mcl-2 and Bcl-2) in both scrambled control and maspin-KD cells; however, the fold changes in Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 expression were larger in gemcitabine-treated scrambled control cells than in maspin-KD cells."	( Maspin mediates the gemcitabine sensitivity of hormone-independent prostate cancer. Chang, YJ; Huang, CY; Huang, MT; Lin, FY; Luo, SD; Tai, CJ; Uyanga, B, 2016)	1.48
"Gemcitabine treatment alone induced a significant increase in CHK1 autophosphorylation over untreated tumors."	( LY2603618, a selective CHK1 inhibitor, enhances the anti-tumor effect of gemcitabine in xenograft tumor models. Barda, D; Barnard, D; Beckmann, R; Burke, T; Diaz, HB; Donoho, G; Jones, B; King, C; Marshall, M, 2016)	1.39
"Gemcitabine treatment is widely used to treat patients with certain solid tumors and relapsed/refractory hematological malignancies."	( Gemcitabine-Based Treatment in Poor-Prognosis Patients with Relapsed and Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma--a Multicenter Polish Experience. Butrym, A; Drozd-Sokołowska, J; Giza, A; Jurczak, W; Kuliczkowski, K; Kumiega, B; Paszkiewicz-Kozik, E; Rybka, J; Wróbel, T, )	2.3
"Gemcitabine treatment leads to the activation of ERα-ERK-P62 signal pathway in MCF-7 cells which may augment the autophagic degradation, thus results in the excessive activation of autophagy and irreversible autophagic cell death eventually."	( Inhibition of ERα/ERK/P62 cascades induces "autophagic switch" in the estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells exposed to gemcitabine. Chen, L; Chen, M; Dai, F; He, M; Pan, T; Shen, P; Song, Y; Wan, X; Wang, Q; Xiao, P, 2016)	1.36
"In gemcitabine-treated cells, HAb18G/CD147 was up-regulated; and HAb18G/CD147 down-regulation or inhibition attenuated gemcitabine-enhanced invasion."	( Gemcitabine enhances cell invasion via activating HAb18G/CD147-EGFR-pSTAT3 signaling. Chen, ZN; Fu, ZG; Jiang, JL; Li, L; Meng, Y; Wu, B; Wu, XQ; Xu, BQ; Xu, L, 2016)	2.39
"Gemcitabine is the treatment used clinically, however, gemcitabine resistance leads to limited efficacy and patient survival rates of only a few months following diagnosis."	( Sclareolide enhances gemcitabine‑induced cell death through mediating the NICD and Gli1 pathways in gemcitabine‑resistant human pancreatic cancer. Chen, S; Dong, MS; Wang, Y; Zhang, JH; Zhang, WL, 2017)	1.5
"Gemcitabine treatment followed by removal allowed prolonged progression through S phase, contributing to synergy of the gemcitabine --> SN-38 sequence."	( Overcoming S-phase checkpoint-mediated resistance: sequence-dependent synergy of gemcitabine and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) in human carcinoma cell lines. Ames, MM; Dai, NT; Flatten, KS; Gálvez-Peralta, M; Karnitz, LM; Kaufmann, SH; Loegering, DA; Safgren, SL; Wagner, JM, 2008)	1.29
"In gemcitabine-pretreated Capan-2 cells, 84% of the cell population was in the G(2)M phase of the cell cycle."	( Enhancement of somatostatin-receptor-targeted (177)Lu-[DOTA(0)-Tyr(3)]-octreotide therapy by gemcitabine pretreatment-mediated receptor uptake, up-regulation and cell cycle modulation. Atcher, RW; Nayak, TK; Norenberg, JP; Prossnitz, ER, 2008)	1.08
"Gemcitabine pretreatment up-regulates sstr expression and acts as a radiosensitizer through cell cycle modulation. "	( Enhancement of somatostatin-receptor-targeted (177)Lu-[DOTA(0)-Tyr(3)]-octreotide therapy by gemcitabine pretreatment-mediated receptor uptake, up-regulation and cell cycle modulation. Atcher, RW; Nayak, TK; Norenberg, JP; Prossnitz, ER, 2008)	2.01
"Gemcitabine pretreatment increased the apparent initial radiation-induced DNA fragmentation specifically for S-phase cells."	( S-phase cell-specific modification by gemcitabine of PFGE-analyzed radiation-induced DNA fragmentation and rejoining. Debus, J; Jensen, A; Weber, KJ, 2008)	1.34
"Gemcitabine and cisplatin treatment were administered to patients with advanced-stage, non-small-cell lung cancer. "	( Gemcitabine and cisplatin treatment of advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer in patients given cisplatin on day 8. Akcali, Z; Calikusu, Z; Ozyilkan, O; Sakalli, H, )	3.02
"Gemcitabine treatment did not activate NFkappaB either in vitro or in vivo."	( Nuclear factor-kappaB p65/relA silencing induces apoptosis and increases gemcitabine effectiveness in a subset of pancreatic cancer cells. Arumugam, T; Ji, B; Levin, PA; Logsdon, CD; Lopez-Berestein, G; McConkey, DJ; Pan, X; Ramachandran, V; Sood, AK; Vivas-Mejia, PE; Yamamoto, T, 2008)	1.3
"Gemcitabine treatment was well tolerated, with no dogs experiencing clinically relevant haematological or gastrointestinal toxicity."	( Adjuvant gemcitabine after surgical removal of aggressive malignant mammary tumours in dogs. Abramo, F; Lorenzo, RM; Marconato, L; Ratto, A; Zini, E, 2008)	1.48
"In gemcitabine-pretreated pancreatic cancer, salvage chemotherapy has not been established, and the prognostic factors are not completely known. "	( Efficacy of infusional 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin-C (iFAM) in the treatment of patients with gemcitabine-pretreated pancreatic cancer and analysis of prognostic factors in a salvage setting. Bang, YJ; Han, SW; Im, SA; Kim, TY; Lee, KH; Lim, KH; Oh, DY, 2011)	1.2
"Gemcitabine treatment of mice bearing tumors, with a high GJIC capacity, resulted in a significant delay in tumor progression."	( Connexin-26 is a key factor mediating gemcitabine bystander effect. Carrió, M; Cascante, A; Fillat, C; García-Ribas, I; Garcia-Rodríguez, L; Mazo, A; Pérez-Torras, S, 2011)	1.36
"The gemcitabine-based treatments had comparable activity and tolerability. "	( Biweekly gemcitabine-paclitaxel, gemcitabine-carboplatin, or gemcitabine-cisplatin as first-line treatment in metastatic breast cancer after anthracycline failure: a phase II randomized selection trial. Chung, HC; Del Giglio, A; Feng, J; Jiang, Z; Kim, SB; Malzyner, A; Pen, DL; Shen, LJ; Xu, B; Yu, S, 2011)	1.34
"Gemcitabine is standard treatment for pancreatic cancer but has limited clinical benefit due to chemoresistance. "	( Dimethylamino parthenolide enhances the inhibitory effects of gemcitabine in human pancreatic cancer cells. Beane, JD; Crooks, PA; Holcomb, BK; Schmidt, CM; Waters, JA; Yip-Schneider, MT, 2012)	2.06
"Gemcitabine treatment had a comparable effect."	( hTERT-siRNA could potentiate the cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine to pancreatic cancer cells Bxpc-3. Tan, J; Zhou, X; Zhu, H, 2012)	1.35
"In gemcitabine-treated cells, nuclear fragmentation and DNA ladder formation were observed."	( Involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway in gemcitabine-induced apoptosis-like cell death in insulinoma cell line INS-1. Motoshige, H; Oyama, K; Sakurai, K; Takahashi, K, 2012)	1.14
"Gemcitabine was held and treatment began with fluorouracil and concurrent radiation."	( Gemcitabine-induced gouty arthritis attacks. Bottiglieri, S; Mehdi, S; Mo, JH; Patel, R; Tierson, N, 2013)	2.55
"Gemcitabine, used in the treatment of pulmonary, pancreatic and urothelial carcinomas, is generally well tolerated, but has recently been implied in the occurrence of TMA."	( [Gemcitabine-induced thrombotic microangiopathy]. Colle, B; Debourdeau, P; Estival, JL; Pavic, M; Teixeira, L; Zammit, C, 2002)	1.95
"Gemcitabine hydrochloride treatment (1,000 mg/m2/week x 3/4 weeks) was started."	( [A case of pancreatic tail cancer with peritoneal carcinosis treated with gemcitabine hydrochloride]. Fujii, T; Maemura, M; Morishita, Y; Ohwada, S; Roppongi, T; Takeyoshi, I; Yamada, T, 2002)	1.27
"Gemcitabine treatment caused apoptosis in MM cell lines as measured by an increase in DNA cleavage, an increase in annexin V binding, a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential, and activation of caspase activity."	( Caspase activation is required for gemcitabine activity in multiple myeloma cell lines. Gajria, D; Gandhi, V; Ghias, K; Krett, NL; Nabhan, C; Rosen, ST, 2002)	1.31
"Gemcitabine treatment in end-stage renal disease with intermittent standard hemodialysis treatment is safe and well tolerated. "	( Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine in a patient with end-stage renal disease: effective clearance of its main metabolite by standard hemodialysis treatment. Ehninger, G; Franz, T; Gross, P; Haufe, T; Kiani, A; Köhne, CH; Passauer, J; Schleyer, E, 2003)	2.09
"Gemcitabine treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer is effective and well-tolerated."	( Gemcitabine monotherapy in patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer: a prospective observational study. Bednarik, O; Bustova, I; Karasek, P; Kocakova, I; Melichar, B; Petruzelka, L; Skacel, T; Spurny, V; Trason, T, 2003)	2.48
"The gemcitabine treatment for 1 h had no effect on cell proliferation, viability, cycle or migration on HT-1080 cells."	( Non-toxic and short treatment with gemcitabine inhibits in vitro migration of HT-1080 cells. Alcouffe, C; Boutonnat, J; Clément-Lacroix, J; Mousseau, M; Ronot, X, 2004)	1.08
"In Gemcitabine treatment, elderly patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer are more likely to suffer from haematological and non-haematological adverse effects than non-elderly patients. "	( [Clinical problems in gemcitabine treatment for unresectable pancreatic cancer in the elderly--a multicentric retrospective study of 53 cases]. Fujimori, Y; Furut, K; Hanazaki, K; Hasebe, O; Hayashi, K; Hisa, T; Hosokawa, K; Kajikawa, S; Kaneko, G; Kawa, S; Kiyosawa, K; Maejima, S; Matsuda, Y; Miwa, S; Miyagawa, S; Mukawa, K; Ochi, Y; Shikama, N; Tajiri, K; Takeuchi, N, 2004)	1.26
"Gemcitabine treatment, as well as stimulation of CD95, resulted in cleavage of effector caspase 3 as well as its substrate PARP and caspase 9, followed by DNA fragmentation. "	( Apoptosis by gemcitabine in non-small cell lung cancer cell line KNS62 is induced downstream of caspase 8 and is profoundly blocked by Bcl-xL over-expression. Boehle, AS; Boenicke, L; Dohrmann, P; Kalthoff, H; Kurdow, R; Schniewind, B; Zoefelt, S, 2005)	2.14
"Gemcitabine-carboplatin treatment significantly improves the PFS of patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer."	( Combination therapy with gemcitabine and carboplatin in recurrent ovarian cancer. Du Bois, A; Eisenhauer, E; Pfisterer, J; Vergote, I, )	1.16
"Gemcitabine treatment of Colo357 cells increased CD95 surface expression, raising the possibility of the involvement of CD95 in gemcitabine-mediated caspase-8 activation."	( Gemcitabine-mediated apoptosis is associated with increased CD95 surface expression but is not inhibited by DN-FADD in Colo357 pancreatic cancer cells. Christgen, M; Jueschke, A; Kalthoff, H; Schniewind, B; Ungefroren, H, 2005)	2.49
"Gemcitabine treatment may inhibit tumor progression and prolong survival in gallbladder cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis."	( Antitumor effect of gemcitabine on orthotopically inoculated human gallbladder cancer cells in nude mice. Ajiki, T; Fujimori, T; Fujita, T; Hirata, K; Hori, H; Horiuchi, H; Kamigaki, T; Kuroda, Y; Mita, Y; Okazaki, T, 2007)	2.11
"Gemcitabine treatment resulted in a decrease for G1 fraction relative to controls."	( Short versus continuous gemcitabine treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in an in vitro cell culture bioreactor system. Fisher, JE; Kirstein, MN; Kratzke, RA; Le, CT; Marker, PH; Wieman, KM; Williams, BW; Yee, D, 2007)	1.37
"Gemcitabine treatment attenuated the tumor-suppressive environment by eliminating CD11b(+)/Gr-1(+) myeloid-derived suppressor cells."	( A combination of chemoimmunotherapies can efficiently break self-tolerance and induce antitumor immunity in a tolerogenic murine tumor model. Chang, SY; Chang, WS; Kang, CY; Kim, YJ; Kim, YS; Ko, HJ; Ko, SY; Sakaguchi, S, 2007)	1.06
"Gemcitabine treatment data were taken from a large NSCLC study and data from retrospective chart reviews identified through the National Oncology Data Base."	( Economic value of gemcitabine compared to cisplatin and etoposide in non-small cell lung cancer. Copley-Merriman, C; Corral, J; Dorr, FA; King, K; McDonald, RC; Voi, M; Whiteside, R, 1996)	1.35
"Gemcitabine treatment alone reduced median tumor volume from 538 to 152 mm3."	( Epidermal growth factor receptor blockade with C225 plus gemcitabine results in regression of human pancreatic carcinoma growing orthotopically in nude mice by antiangiogenic mechanisms. Abbruzzese, JL; Bruns, CJ; Davis, DW; Evans, DB; Harbison, MT; Hicklin, DJ; McConkey, DJ; Portera, CA; Radinsky, R; Tsan, R, 2000)	1.27
"Gemcitabine treatment appeared most effective."	( [Experience with chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic carcinoma]. Gershanovich, ML; Ignashov, AM; Ivanova, NE; Kokhanenko, NIu; Osipenko, SK; Rybakov, GV, 2000)	1.03
"Gemcitabine treatment resulted in a moderate increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells that was accompanied by activation of p38 and MAPK (ERK1/2)."	( Akt, MAPK (Erk1/2), and p38 act in concert to promote apoptosis in response to ErbB receptor family inhibition. Fry, DW; Nelson, JM, 2001)	1.03
"Gemcitabine treatment decreased the expression of IkappaB-alpha protein and, concomitantly, increased the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcription factor, a known inhibitor of the apoptotic response."	( Inhibitor of apoptosis-1 (IAP-1) expression and apoptosis in non-small-cell lung cancer cells exposed to gemcitabine. Bandala, E; Espinosa, M; Maldonado, V; Meléndez-Zajgla, J, 2001)	1.25
"Treatment with gemcitabine monophosphate significantly increased apoptosis of cancer cells, enabled reduction in the proportion of immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and did not increase expression of cancer stem cell markers."	( Nano-delivery of Gemcitabine Derivative as a Therapeutic Strategy in a Desmoplastic KRAS Mutant Pancreatic Cancer. Bao, M; Das, M; Huang, L; Li, J, 2020)	1.24
"Treatment with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel is associated with maintained QoL in relevant proportions of patients."	( Quality of life and outcome of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine: Real-life results from the prospective QOLIXANE trial of the Platform for Outcome, Quality of Life and Transla Al-Batran, SE; Aldaoud, A; Behringer, DM; Bildat, S; Blau, W; Büchner-Steudel, P; Däßler, KU; Dörfel, S; Eschenburg, H; Ettrich, TJ; Feustel, HP; Fietz, T; Forstbauer, H; Gallmeier, E; Götze, TO; Groschek, M; Hahn, L; Harich, HD; Hausen, GZ; Höffkes, HG; Hofheinz, RD; Homann, N; Jacobasch, L; Koenigsmann, M; Kretzschmar, A; Kunzmann, V; Mahlmann, S; Messmann, H; Papke, J; Pauligk, C; Peters, U; Pink, D; Reichart, A; Schaaf, M; Schlag, R; Schönherr, C; Schubert, J; Schuch, G; Schulz, H; Schwindel, U; Siegler, G; Springfeld, C; Stauch, M; Trojan, J; Uhlig, J; Vehling-Kaiser, U; Vogel, A; von Weikersthal, LF; Waibel, K; Waidmann, O; Wehmeyer, J; Weniger, J; Wierecky, J; Wolf, M; Wörns, MA; Zahn, MO, 2021)	1.17
"Pretreatment with gemcitabine before nab-paclitaxel increased Cav-1 and albumin uptake and significantly decreased proliferation and clonogenicity compared with concurrent treatment, which correlated with increased levels of apoptosis. "	( Altered Gemcitabine and Nab-paclitaxel Scheduling Improves Therapeutic Efficacy Compared with Standard Concurrent Treatment in Preclinical Models of Pancreatic Cancer. Abushahin, L; Chakravarti, A; Cruz-Monserrate, Z; Hegazi, A; Jacob, JR; Palanichamy, K; Robb, R; Shyu, DL; Trevino, JG; Williams, TM; Wolfe, AR; Yang, L, 2021)	1.39
"Pretreatment with gemcitabine significantly increased nab-paclitaxel uptake and correlated with an increased treatment efficacy and survival benefit in preclinical models, compared with standard concurrent treatment. "	( Altered Gemcitabine and Nab-paclitaxel Scheduling Improves Therapeutic Efficacy Compared with Standard Concurrent Treatment in Preclinical Models of Pancreatic Cancer. Abushahin, L; Chakravarti, A; Cruz-Monserrate, Z; Hegazi, A; Jacob, JR; Palanichamy, K; Robb, R; Shyu, DL; Trevino, JG; Williams, TM; Wolfe, AR; Yang, L, 2021)	1.39
"Treatment with gemcitabine + romidepsin + cisplatin reduced the TNBC MDA-MB231 and MDA-MB468 cell survival to ~ 50% and ~ 15%, as well as invasiveness to ~ 31% and ~ 13%, respectively. "	( A triple combination gemcitabine + romidepsin + cisplatin to effectively control triple-negative breast cancer tumor development, recurrence, and metastasis. Archibald, CJ; Hunt, JT; Pattarawat, P; Poloway, J; Wang, HR, 2021)	1.29
"Treatment with gemcitabine caused undesirable activation of ERK1/2 in PDAC cells, but cotreatment with the FBP1-derived small peptide inhibitor FBP1 E4 overcame gemcitabine-induced ERK activation, thereby increasing the anticancer efficacy of gemcitabine in PDAC."	( Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase Inhibits ERK Activation and Bypasses Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer by Blocking IQGAP1-MAPK Interaction. Billadeau, DD; Huang, H; Jin, X; Ma, T; Pan, Y; Tang, AH; Wang, L; Wu, H; Zhang, L, 2017)	1.03
"Treatment with gemcitabine and carboplatin is efficacious with manageable toxicity profile in the real world non-clinical trial setting."	( Gemcitabine and carboplatin in metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer: Experience from a tertiary cancer center in South India. Devika, T; Dubashi, B; Kayal, S; Kumar, R; Shewade, DG, )	1.93
"Treatment with gemcitabine plus i.v. "	( Reduction in circulating pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory factors is related to improved outcomes in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer treated with gemcitabine and intravenous omega-3 fish oil. Arshad, A; Chung, WY; Dennison, AR; Metcalfe, MS; Steward, W, 2013)	0.94
"Treatment with gemcitabine increased the levels of EGFRTyr1068 and ERK phosphorylation in the PDAC cell lines tested. "	( Inhibiting signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 increases response to gemcitabine and delays progression of pancreatic cancer. Cao, L; Freeman, JW; Hill, P; Nawrocki, ST; Peterson, L; Venkatasubbarao, K; Zhao, S; Zhou, Q, 2013)	0.97
"Treatment with gemcitabine plus losartan further prolonged the survival time to 102.6 ± 16.5 days compared with that in the control group (P < 0.0001)."	( Antitumor effect of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker losartan for orthotopic rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Hirooka, S; Inoue, K; Kim, S; Kwon, AH; Matsui, Y; Satoi, S; Toyokawa, H; Yamaki, S; Yamamoto, T; Yamao, J; Yanagimoto, H, 2014)	0.74
"Pre-treatment with gemcitabine and subsequent exposure to CAK cells induced greater cytotoxicity than either treatment alone."	( NKG2D-directed cytokine-activated killer lymphocyte therapy combined with gemcitabine for patients with chemoresistant metastatic solid tumors. Hirano, T; Katano, M; Kiyota, A; Koya, N; Morisaki, T; Onishi, H; Tanaka, H; Umebayashi, M, 2014)	0.95
"Treatment with gemcitabine + MK-8776 significantly increased pO2 and inhibited glioma growth assessed by MRI."	( Monitoring oxygen levels in orthotopic human glioma xenograft following carbogen inhalation and chemotherapy by implantable resonator-based oximetry. Du, G; Eastman, A; Gimi, B; Hou, H; Khan, N; Krishnamurthy Nemani, V; Montano, R; Song, R; Swartz, HM, 2015)	0.76
"Treatment with gemcitabine or a gemcitabine-containing regimen appeared to be feasible and well tolerated in the older patients who were selected to receive chemotherapy. "	( Incidence of hematologic toxicity in older adults treated with gemcitabine or a gemcitabine-containing regimen in routine clinical practice: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Beijnen, JH; Crombag, MR; de Vries Schultink, AH; Huitema, AD; Schellens, JH, 2014)	0.99
"Treatment with gemcitabine demonstrated clinically equivalent efficacy with a significantly improved safety profile compared with those receiving docetaxel in the second-line setting for advanced NSCLC in this study. "	( Comparison of Single Agent Gemcitabine and Docetaxel in Second-Line Therapy for Advanced Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in a University Hospital in Turkey. Baha, A; Ozturk, C; Yıldırım, F; Yurdakul, AS, 2015)	1.07
"Treatment with gemcitabine may be safely continued in patients with this complication, though recurrence of the rash is common following repeated doses."	( A rash diagnosis: Gemcitabine-associated pseudocellulitis. Epperla, N; Strouse, C, 2017)	1.13
"Treatment with gemcitabine only indicated significant radiosensitization in the CaSki cell line in combination with augmented resistance against gemcitabine application alone."	( The combined effect of fludarabine monophosphate and radiation as well as gemcitabine and radiation on squamous carcinoma tumor cell lines in vitro. Christiansen, H; Hermann, RM; Lucke, EM; Nitsche, M; Peters, K; Pradier, O; Rave-Frank, M; Schmidberger, H, 2008)	0.92
"Treatment with gemcitabine, the most potent chemotherapeutic against this cancer up to date, is not curative, and resistance may appear."	( Improvement of gemcitabine-based therapy of pancreatic carcinoma by means of oncolytic parvovirus H-1PV. Angelova, AL; Aprahamian, M; Balboni, G; Dinsart, C; Giese, NA; Grekova, SP; Hajri, A; Herrmann, A; Leuchs, B; Raykov, Z; Rommelaere, J, 2009)	1.05
"Treatment with gemcitabine provides modest benefits in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. "	( Phase III trial of bevacizumab in combination with gemcitabine and erlotinib in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Bennouna, J; Cosaert, J; Gill, S; Humblet, Y; Moore, MJ; Scheithauer, W; Shang, A; Van Cutsem, E; Van Laethem, JL; Verslype, C; Vervenne, WL, 2009)	0.96
"Treatment with gemcitabine, the most widely used chemotherapeutic against pancreatic cancer, is not curative and resistance may occur."	( Synthetic lethal RNAi screening identifies sensitizing targets for gemcitabine therapy in pancreatic cancer. Arora, S; Azorsa, DO; Basu, GD; Bisanz, KM; Choudhary, A; Gonzales, IM; Henderson, MC; Kiefer, JA; Mousses, S; Trent, JM; Von Hoff, DD, 2009)	0.93
"Treatment with gemcitabine combined with radiation therapy according to the present schedule is well tolerated and can provide prolonged survival in patients with localized, unresectable pancreatic cancer."	( Phase II study of radiation therapy combined with weekly low-dose gemcitabine for locally advanced, unresectable pancreatic cancer. Doi, R; Fujii, T; Hiraoka, M; Matsuo, Y; Mitsumori, M; Nakamura, A; Oya, N; Shibuya, K, 2011)	0.96
"Treatment with gemcitabine, which reduced the cell viability and augmented the cell apoptotic rate, activated and subsequently attenuated ERK and EGFR signals."	( Amphiregulin regulates the activation of ERK and Akt through epidermal growth factor receptor and HER3 signals involved in the progression of pancreatic cancer. Fukami, T; Funakoshi, A; Kuroki, M; Miyamoto, S; Yagi, H; Yoshizato, T; Yotsumoto, F, 2010)	0.7
"Pre-treatment with gemcitabine and subsequent exposure to CAK cells induced greater cytotoxicity than either treatment alone."	( Combinatorial cytotoxicity of gemcitabine and cytokine-activated killer cells in hepatocellular carcinoma via the NKG2D-MICA/B system. Katano, M; Kiyota, A; Koya, N; Morisaki, T; Nagamatsu, I; Ogino, T; Onishi, H; Tanaka, H; Umebayashi, M, 2011)	0.98
"Treatment with gemcitabine led to the following results: (1) a significant decrease of viable T24 cells after treatment at the highest concentration (3.12 μM) tested; (2) scattered, elongated and vacuolated 5637 and T24 cells; (3) a cytostatic effect in both cell lines; and (4) significant upregulation of the BRCA1, CCNE1, CDK2, CDK6, CDKN1A, CDKN2B, E2F4, GADD45A, MAD2L2, CCNH, SERTAD1, CDC1, and CHEK1 genes."	( Toxicogenomic activity of gemcitabine in two TP53-mutated bladder cancer cell lines: special focus on cell cycle-related genes. da Silva, GN; de Camargo, EA; Salvadori, DM, 2012)	1.02
"Treatment with gemcitabine concomitant with radiation therapy according to the present schedule is well tolerated and can provide prolonged CBR and disease stabilization in patients with localized, unresectable pancreatic cancer."	( Phase II study of gemcitabine combined with radiation therapy in patients with localized, unresectable pancreatic cancer. Epelbaum, R; Faraggi, D; Gaitini, D; Kuten, A; Mizrahi, S; Nasrallah, S; Rosenblatt, E, 2002)	1
"Treatment with gemcitabine was less effective under hypoxia."	( Hyperoxia-induced improvement of the in vitro response to gemcitabine in transitional cell carcinoma. Albers, P; Dederichs, F; Fechner, G; Müller, S; Schmidt, D; Vaupel, P, )	0.72
"Treatment with gemcitabine did not significantly differ from control."	( Inhibition of PDGFR phosphorylation and Src and Akt activity by GN963 leads to therapy of human pancreatic cancer growing orthotopically in nude mice. Baker, CH; Caron, A; Fidler, IJ; Gallick, GE; Nesbit, M; Summy, JM; Trevino, JG; Zhang, F, 2006)	0.67
"Treatment with gemcitabine and oxaliplatin was well tolerated with primarily hematologic toxicity at the MTD. "	( A phase I study of oxaliplatin in combination with gemcitabine: correlation of clinical outcome with gene expression. Chow, W; Doroshow, J; Frankel, P; Gandara, D; Juhasz, A; Lenz, HJ; Leong, L; Lim, D; Margolin, K; Morgan, R; Newman, E; Shibata, S; Somlo, G; Synold, T; Yen, Y, 2007)	0.94
"Treatment with gemcitabine/doxorubicin in combination also resulted in a significant suppression of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumor growth in severe combined immunodeficiency mice bearing the UM-SCC-22A xenografts."	( Role of human longevity assurance gene 1 and C18-ceramide in chemotherapy-induced cell death in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Bialewski, J; Hannun, YA; Jazwinski, SM; Jiang, JC; Ogretmen, B; Ponnusamy, S; Rossi, MJ; Senkal, CE; Sinha, D, 2007)	0.68
"Treatment with gemcitabine-cisplatin combination TACE resulted in significantly longer survival (13.8 months) compared to TACE with gemcitabine alone (6.3 months)."	( Treatment of unresectable cholangiocarcinoma with gemcitabine-based transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE): a single-institution experience. Balaa, FK; Carr, BI; Gamblin, TC; Geller, DA; Gusani, NJ; Marsh, JW; Steel, JL; Zajko, AB, 2008)	0.94
"Pretreatment with gemcitabine followed by BRYO resulted in decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis, and inhibited NF-kappaB than either agent alone or BRYO followed by gemcitabine."	( Protein kinase C: a target for therapy in pancreatic cancer. Ali, S; El-Rayes, BF; Philip, PA; Sarkar, FH, 2008)	0.67
"Treatment with gemcitabine resulted in an increase in FDG uptake with increasing dose and time after the end of therapy."	( Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in vitro: aspects of method and effects of treatment with gemcitabine. Altmann, A; Bellemann, ME; Blatter, J; Haberkorn, U; Kahn, B; Morr, I; Oberdorfer, F; van Kaick, G, 1994)	0.85
"Treatment with gemcitabine produced moderate to severe toxicity as grade 3-4 neutropenia requiring dose modification was seen in 40% of patients treated."	( Phase II trial of 150-minute weekly infusion of gemcitabine in advanced colorectal cancer: minimal activity in colorectal cancer. Ansari, RH; Garcia, JC; Gibbons, J; Knost, JA; Kugler, JW; Mani, S; Schilsky, RL; Sciortino, DF; Vokes, EE, )	0.73
"Treatment with gemcitabine in patients with pancreatic cancer may be a cost-effective alternative, but the results need to be confirmed in future randomised trials."	( Treatment of locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma in Sweden. A health economic comparison of palliative treatment with best supportive care versus palliative treatment with gemcitabine in combination with best supportive care. Ragnarson-Tennvall, G; Wilking, N, 1999)	0.85
"Treatment by gemcitabine allowed rapid and persistent improvement of the body weight and a prolonged survival (18 months)."	( [Splenic vascular occlusion in the course of pancreatic cancer]. Demeaux, H; Dilhuydy, MS; Faure, I; Leng, B; Mercié, P; Pellegrin, JL; Viallard, JF, 2000)	0.66
"Treatment was gemcitabine 800 mg/m2 days 1, 8, 15 and docetaxel 100 mg/m2 day 1, with cycles repeated every four weeks."	( Second-line chemotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer with monthly docetaxel and weekly gemcitabine: a phase II trial. Blair, S; Carman, L; Colborn, D; George, C; Jones, J; Kuebler, JP; Laufman, LR; Moore, T; Patel, T; Roach, R; Rupert, R; Spiridonidis, CH; Zangmeister, J, 2001)	0.88
"Treatment with gemcitabine was well tolerated."	( Gemcitabine in the second-line therapy of patients with carcinoma of unknown primary site: a phase II trial of the Minnie Pearl Cancer Research Network. Bramham, J; Burris, HA; Calvert, SW; Greco, FA; Hainsworth, JD; Scullin, DC; Willcutt, NT, 2001)	2.09
"Treatment was gemcitabine 800 mg/m2 days 1, 8, 15 and docetaxel 100 mg/M2 on day 1, with cycles repeated every four weeks."	( Monthly docetaxel and weekly gemcitabine in metastatic breast cancer: a phase II trial. Carman, L; Colborn, D; Gutterman, L; Jones, J; Kuebler, JP; Larrimer, N; Laufman, LR; Moore, T; Patel, T; Pritchard, J; Roach, R; Segal, M; Spiridonidis, CH; Zangmeister, J, 2001)	0.95
"Treatment with gemcitabine resulted in an increase of DNA-PK and p53 protein and an increase in the phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15."	( Interaction of p53 and DNA-PK in response to nucleoside analogues: potential role as a sensor complex for DNA damage. Achanta, G; Feng, L; Huang, P; Pelicano, H; Plunkett, W, 2001)	0.65
"Treatment with gemcitabine alone resulted in growth inhibition in both breast and NSCLC cell lines."	( Preclinical studies of gemcitabine and trastuzumab in breast and lung cancer cell lines. Bunn, PA; Chan, DC; Franklin, WA; Helfrich, B; Hirsch, FR; Varella-Garcia, M, 2002)	0.96

Toxicity

Gemcitabine displayed minimal toxicity in elderly patients. Side-effect profile does not seem to be affected by patient age. This side-effect is a previously unreported sign of drug toxicity. A high level of awareness to this problem is warranted when this drug is administered.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" dFdCyd was clearly more toxic to SW1573 cells at 4 x 10(5) cells per dish than at 400 cells per dish."	( Effect of hyperthermia on the cytotoxicity of 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine (gemcitabine) in cultured SW1573 cells. Bakker, PJ; Geerdink, A; Haveman, J; Rietbroek, RC; Van Rijn, J, 1995)	0.52
" Gemcitabine has an unusually mild side effect profile for such an active agent."	( Efficacy and safety profile of gemcitabine in non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase II study. Abratt, RP; Bezwoda, WR; Falkson, G; Goedhals, L; Hacking, D; Rugg, TA, 1994)	1.48
" Furthermore, gemcitabine displayed minimal toxicity in elderly patients, and the side-effect profile does not seem to be affected by patient age."	( Safety profile of gemcitabine. Martin, C; Mosconi, AM; Tonato, M, 1995)	0.99
"The two cell lines significantly differed in their sensitivity to the toxic effects of the drug; the normal cell line was much more resistant than its transformed counterpart."	( Effects of gemcitabine in normal and transformed human lung cell cultures: cytotoxicity and increase in radiation sensitivity. Casamassima, F; Gulisano, M; Milano, F; Pacini, S; Pazzagli, M; Pinzani, P; Ruggiero, M, )	0.52
" This side-effect of gemcitabine infusion is a previously unreported sign of drug toxicity; therefore, a high level of awareness to this problem is warranted when this drug is administered."	( Gemcitabine-induced atrial fibrillation: a hitherto unreported manifestation of drug toxicity. Abbate, A; Campisi, C; Di Cosimo, S; Di Sciascio, G; Gravante, G; Patti, G; Santini, D; Tonini, G; Vincenzi, B, 2000)	2.07
"The nucleoside analog gemcitabine is a potent radiosensitizer of both tumor and normal mucosa, so severe toxic reactions have resulted from its combination with radiation in some clinical treatment schedules for pancreatic cancer."	( WR-2721 reduces intestinal toxicity from concurrent gemcitabine and radiation treatment. Crane, CH; Janjan, NA; Mason, KA; Milas, L; Phan, TP; Vrdoljak, E, 2001)	0.88
" No toxic death was reported."	( Gemcitabine, Ifosfamide and Navelbine (GIN): activity and safety of a non-platinum-based triplet in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Ardizzoni, A; Baldini, E; Boni, L; Cafferata, MA; Conte, PF; Neumaier, C; Prochilo, T; Rosso, R; Tibaldi, C, 2001)	1.75
" Toxic effects were notable for significant myelosuppression, with > or =Grade 3 granulocytopenia seen in 55% of the patients on the untreated arm and 67% of the patients on the previously treated arm."	( The novel and effective nonplatinum, nontaxane combination of gemcitabine and vinorelbine in advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma: potential for decreased toxicity and combination with biological therapy. Blumenschein, G; Fossella, FV; Glisson, BS; Herbst, RS; Hong, WK; Jung, MS; Khuri, FR; Kies, MS; Kurie, JM; Lee, JJ; Lee, JS; Liu, DD; Lu, C; Lu, R; Munden, RF; Papadimitrakopoulou, VA; Pisters, KM; Shin, DM; Zinner, R, 2002)	0.56
" The toxicity profile of the gemcitabine/vinorelbine combination was quite favorable, with minimal Grade 3 and 4 toxic effects aside from granulocytopenia, which resulted in numerous Day 15 skipped doses but no significant febrile neutropenia or infection."	( The novel and effective nonplatinum, nontaxane combination of gemcitabine and vinorelbine in advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma: potential for decreased toxicity and combination with biological therapy. Blumenschein, G; Fossella, FV; Glisson, BS; Herbst, RS; Hong, WK; Jung, MS; Khuri, FR; Kies, MS; Kurie, JM; Lee, JJ; Lee, JS; Liu, DD; Lu, C; Lu, R; Munden, RF; Papadimitrakopoulou, VA; Pisters, KM; Shin, DM; Zinner, R, 2002)	0.85
" The most common treatment-related adverse events reported during therapy with IMC-C225 were an acne-like rash and hypersensitivity reactions."	( Safety experience with IMC-C225, an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody. Needle, MN, 2002)	0.31
" Myelosuppression is the most common toxic effect but its use sometimes leads to severe pulmonary toxicity by means of diffuse alveolar damage or sub-acute interstitial pneumonitis."	( [Acute pulmonary toxicity due to gemcitabine: a role for asbestos exposure?]. Barlési, F; Doddoli, C; Gimenez, C; Greillier, L; Kleisbauer, JP; Lima, G, 2003)	0.6
"No toxic deaths occurred."	( Gemcitabine plus cisplatin in adjuvant regimen for bladder cancer. Toxicity evaluation. Carini, M; Corvino, C; Lapini, A; Meliani, E; Serni, S, 2003)	1.76
" We have concluded that the gemcitabine/cisplatin combination is a safe outpatient modality for the first line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients."	( [Gemcitabine-cisplatin combination in the first line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Our experience and analysis of safety]. Lénárt, T; Sárosi, V, 2003)	1.52
" The most commonly reported adverse events were diarrhea, acne-like skin rash, nausea, vomiting and asthenia."	( Fatal pulmonary toxicity in a patient treated with gefitinib for non-small cell lung cancer after previous hemolytic-uremic syndrome due to gemcitabine. Herchenhorn, D; Rabinowits, G; Rabinowits, M; Torres, W; Weatge, D, 2003)	0.52
" In addition, CED of carboplatin or gemcitabine to tumors in this glioma model is safe and has potent antitumor effects."	( Safety and efficacy of convection-enhanced delivery of gemcitabine or carboplatin in a malignant glioma model in rats. Degen, JW; Lonser, RR; Oldfield, EH; Vortmeyer, AO; Walbridge, S, 2003)	0.84
" However, the study was prematurely closed because of a high incidence of severe pulmonary adverse events."	( High incidence of pulmonary toxicity of weekly docetaxel and gemcitabine in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: results of a dose-finding study. Agelaki, S; Bozionelou, V; Georgoulias, V; Kakolyris, S; Kalbakis, K; Kouroussis, C; Malas, K; Mavroudis, D; Souglakos, J; Voloudaki, A, 2004)	0.56
" Thus, this regimen is safe as regards clinically significant lung toxicity."	( A prospective study on lung toxicity in patients treated with gemcitabine and carboplatin: clinical, radiological and functional assessment. Dafni, U; Dimopoulos, MA; Dimopoulou, I; Efstathiou, E; Kastritis, E; Lyberopoulos, P; Moulopoulos, LA; Papadimitriou, C; Roussos, C; Samakovli, A, 2004)	0.56
" Pulmonary administration of gemcitabine is safe in rats at a maximum tolerated dose of 4 mg/kg once a week for 9 weeks."	( Safety of pulmonary administration of gemcitabine in rats. Diot, P; Dubus, JC; Gagnadoux, F; Grimbert, D; Le Pape, A; Leblond, V; Lemarié, E; Montharu, J; Racineux, JL; Urban, T; Vecellio, L, 2005)	0.89
" In conclusion, the combination of dFdC and CPEC is highly toxic to neuroblastoma in vitro."	( Cyclopentenyl cytosine-induced activation of deoxycytidine kinase increases gemcitabine anabolism and cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma. Bierau, J; Caron, HN; Leen, R; Meinsma, R; van Gennip, AH; van Kuilenburg, AB, 2006)	0.56
"5%) were the most severe adverse events."	( Gemcitabine and cisplatin in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: impact of comorbidities on safety and efficacy outcome. Giannarelli, D; Moscetti, L; Nelli, F; Padalino, D; Pollera, CF; Sperduti, I, 2005)	1.77
"5 million adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports for 8620 drugs/biologics that are listed for 1191 Coding Symbols for Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction (COSTAR) terms of adverse effects."	( Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling. Benz, RD; Contrera, JF; Kruhlak, NL; Matthews, EJ; Weaver, JL, 2004)	0.32
" We assume that 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine, an active metabolite of gemcitabine, could be responsible for the toxic effect."	( Gemcitabine and atrial fibrillation: a rare manifestation of chemotherapy toxicity. Carbone, C; Codecà, C; Ferrari, D; Foa, P; Fumagalli, L; Gilardi, L; Marussi, D; Oldani, S; Tartaro, T; Zannier, F, 2006)	2.01
"Our data show that whereas TRAIL alone or together with selected chemotherapeutic drugs seems to be safe, the combination of TRAIL with cisplatin is toxic to PHH."	( Preclinical differentiation between apparently safe and potentially hepatotoxic applications of TRAIL either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. Büchler, P; Ganten, TM; Haas, TL; Koschny, R; Schader, MB; Schulze-Bergkamen, H; Stremmel, W; Sykora, J; Untergasser, A; Walczak, H, 2006)	0.33
" The most common reported adverse events reflected the known toxicity profile induced by gemcitabine-cisplatin without ABT-510."	( A phase I study assessing the safety and pharmacokinetics of the thrombospondin-1-mimetic angiogenesis inhibitor ABT-510 with gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with solid tumors. Carr, RA; de Vos, FY; Eskens, FA; Gietema, JA; Groen, HJ; Hoekstra, R; Humerickhouse, RA; Knight, RA; Loos, WJ; Uges, DR; van der Gaast, A, 2006)	0.76
" This cycle was repeated at least three times, or until disease progression or intolerable adverse events were observed."	( Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine monotherapy in patients with transitional cell carcinoma after Cisplatin-containing therapy: a Japanese experience. Akaza, H; Miki, T; Miyanaga, N; Naito, S; Taniai, H; Usami, M, 2007)	0.65
" All adverse drug reactions seen in the study were manageable."	( Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine monotherapy in patients with transitional cell carcinoma after Cisplatin-containing therapy: a Japanese experience. Akaza, H; Miki, T; Miyanaga, N; Naito, S; Taniai, H; Usami, M, 2007)	0.65
" This approach to treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer is safe and promising, with good local control for a substantial proportion of patients, and merits testing in a randomised trial."	( Gemcitabine with a specific conformal 3D 5FU radiochemotherapy technique is safe and effective in the definitive management of locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Davies, T; Goldstein, D; Harvey, J; Kotasek, D; Michael, M; Reece, W; Shapiro, J; Spry, N; Underhill, C; Van Hazel, G; Walpole, E, 2007)	1.78
" Both therapeutic agents were suspected as a possible cause of this adverse event."	( Severe lung and skin toxicity during treatment with gemcitabine and erlotinib for metastatic pancreatic cancer. Boeck, S; Hausmann, A; Heinemann, V; Reibke, R; Schulz, C, 2007)	0.59
" Treatment of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer with radiotherapy and 5-fluorouracil was a safer approach than treatment with radiotherapy and gemcitabine, which induced more severe toxic adverse effects."	( The effect of combined treatment methods on survival and toxicity in patients with pancreatic cancer. Brasiūniene, B; Juozaityte, E, 2007)	0.54
" The major adverse events were grade I-II myelosuppression, peripheral neurologic toxicities, nausea and vomiting."	( [Efficacy and toxicity of gemcitabine combined vinorelbine on metastatic breast cancer: a report of 34 cases]. Jiang, WQ; Liu, DG; Teng, XY; Zhou, NN, 2007)	0.64
"The aim of this Phase II study was to examine whether concurrent continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil (CI 5FU) plus three-dimensional conformal planning radiotherapy sandwiched between gemcitabine chemotherapy is effective, tolerable, and safe in the management of pancreatic cancer."	( 3D radiotherapy can be safely combined with sandwich systemic gemcitabine chemotherapy in the management of pancreatic cancer: factors influencing outcome. Borg, M; Carroll, S; Davies, T; Goldstein, D; Graham, P; Harvey, J; Iacopetta, B; Kneebone, A; Macleod, C; Millar, JL; Ngan, SY; Reece, WH; Spry, N; Zissiadis, Y, 2008)	0.78
"This three-dimensional chemoradiotherapy regimen is safe and promising, with encouraging local control for a substantial proportion of patients, and merits testing in a randomized trial."	( 3D radiotherapy can be safely combined with sandwich systemic gemcitabine chemotherapy in the management of pancreatic cancer: factors influencing outcome. Borg, M; Carroll, S; Davies, T; Goldstein, D; Graham, P; Harvey, J; Iacopetta, B; Kneebone, A; Macleod, C; Millar, JL; Ngan, SY; Reece, WH; Spry, N; Zissiadis, Y, 2008)	0.59
"No early or toxic deaths were observed."	( [Combination of carboplatin and gemcitabine is a safe and feasible regimen in adjuvant therapy for stage II and IIIA NSCLC]. Kameda, A; Minami, K; Miyahara, E; Noso, Y; Suzuki, T; Tsutani, Y, 2008)	0.63
"In the present study, the combination of carboplatin and gemcitabine has been a safe and feasible regimen in adjuvant therapy for stage II and IIIA NSCLC."	( [Combination of carboplatin and gemcitabine is a safe and feasible regimen in adjuvant therapy for stage II and IIIA NSCLC]. Kameda, A; Minami, K; Miyahara, E; Noso, Y; Suzuki, T; Tsutani, Y, 2008)	0.87
" The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events were hypertension (11%), neutropenia (9%), diarrhea (7%), dyspnea (7%), and thromboembolic events (7%)."	( Efficacy and safety of oxaliplatin and gemcitabine with bevacizumab in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Davila, E; Lilenbaum, R; Raez, L; Seigel, L; Tseng, J, 2008)	0.62
" Several other severe nonhematological adverse effects were well tolerated and easily managed."	( A pilot study evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of biweekly gemcitabine and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in recurrent platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer. Aydiner, A; Derin, D; Guney, N; Tas, F; Topuz, E, 2008)	0.59
"A biweekly schedule of gemcitabine combined with PLD is an active and safe chemotherapy regimen with acceptable and easily manageable toxicities in women with recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian cancer."	( A pilot study evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of biweekly gemcitabine and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in recurrent platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer. Aydiner, A; Derin, D; Guney, N; Tas, F; Topuz, E, 2008)	0.9
"Expandable metallic stent placement is safe and effective in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer receiving GEM."	( Efficacy and safety of metallic stents in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer receiving gemcitabine. Arizumi, T; Hirano, K; Isayama, H; Ito, Y; Kawabe, T; Kogure, H; Matsubara, S; Nakai, Y; Omata, M; Sasahira, N; Sasaki, T; Tada, M; Togawa, O; Tsujino, T; Yagioka, H; Yoshida, H, 2008)	0.56
" Sixteen patients (62%) experienced motesanib-related adverse events, most commonly lethargy (n=6), diarrhoea (n=4), fatigue (n=3), headache (n=3), and nausea (n=3)."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of motesanib in combination with gemcitabine for the treatment of patients with solid tumours. Lipton, L; McCoy, S; McGreivy, J; Price, TJ; Rosenthal, MA; Sun, YN, 2008)	0.59
" The most common side effect is myelosuppression."	( Gemcitabine-induced pulmonary toxicity during adjuvant therapy in a patient with pancreatic cancer. Cornfeld, D; Lansigan, F; Saif, MW; Shaib, W; Syrigos, K, 2008)	1.79
" Additional studies that evaluate the aerosol route of administration of gemcitabine in humans should be safe and are warranted."	( Aerosol gemcitabine: preclinical safety and in vivo antitumor activity in osteosarcoma-bearing dogs. Anderson, PM; Cannan, VA; Crabbs, TA; Gordon, N; Kleinerman, E; Koshkina, N; Rodriguez, CO; Skorupski, KA; Wilson, DW, 2010)	1.03
" Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a relatively common side effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy."	( Toxicity and efficacy of 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine in a patient with TYMS gene polymorphism: A challenge or a dilemma? Rajebi, MR; Saif, MW; Shahrokni, A, 2009)	0.35
" We assumed that combined toxic effect of gemcitabine and vinorelbine resulted in serious cutaneous toxicity under pre-existing condition of diffuse ichthyosis."	( [Serious cutaneous toxicity following ifosfamide, gemcitabine and vinorelbine therapy in a patient with relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma and ichthyosis]. Konífrová, E; Móciková, H; Stríteský, J, 2009)	0.87
" In this study, we compared the dosage of carboplatin (CBDCA) calculated using MDRD with that calculated by conservative creatinine clearance (Ccr), and investigated the actual dosage given and the incidence of its adverse effects."	( [Clinical evaluation of calculating carboplatin doses using modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) estimate and adverse events]. Adachi, S; Kimura, M; Matsumoto, R; Matsuoka, T; Nakao, T; Okada, K; Tanaka, Y; Usami, E; Yasuda, T; Yoshimura, T, 2009)	0.35
" The most common suspected adverse events were nausea, vomiting, rash, diarrhoea, peripheral oedema, anaemia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, pyrexia, neutropenia, asthenia, leucopenia, and abdominal pain, and most were of grades 1-2 severity."	( Safety and activity of masitinib in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Deplanque, G; Hammel, P; Hermine, O; Kinet, JP; Levy, P; Mitry, E; Mornex, F; Moussy, A; Raymond, E; Rougier, P; Seitz, JF, 2010)	0.61
"5%) and grade 4 non-hematologic adverse events (n = 2) were rare, with no treatment-related deaths."	( Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine, carboplatin, dexamethasone, and rituximab in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma: a prospective multi-center phase II study by the Puget Sound Oncology Consortium. Daniels, JT; Garrison, MA; Gjerset, GF; Gooley, TA; Gopal, AK; Lonergan, M; Murphy, AE; Pagel, JM; Petersdorf, SH; Press, OW; Shustov, AR; Smith, JC, 2010)	0.67
" In general, the most toxic compound was 5-FU."	( Ecotoxicity and genotoxicity assessment of cytotoxic antineoplastic drugs and their metabolites. Blaha, L; Dott, W; Kovalova, L; Zounkova, R, 2010)	0.36
" Adverse reactions observed included grade 1 neutropenia and grade 1 appetite loss."	( [A dialysis patient with advanced lung adenocarcinoma who was safely given biweekly gemcitabine therapy]. Hashimoto, H; Obara, K; Oshika, Y; Shimizu, E; Tanaka, Y, 2010)	0.59
" At each cycle, adverse events were assessed, and concomitant medications, transfusions, and hospitalizations were recorded."	( Safety and resource utilization by non-small cell lung cancer histology: results from the randomized phase III study of pemetrexed plus cisplatin versus gemcitabine plus cisplatin in chemonaïve patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Douillard, JY; Eckardt, J; Liepa, AM; Novello, S; O'Brien, M; Paz-Ares, L; Pimentel, FL; Simms, L; Visseren-Grul, C; von Pawel, J, 2010)	0.56
" During these studies the compound DM12 was identified as new, perspective and safe agent for adjuvant therapy."	( Cytotoxic effects of new trans-2,4-diaryl-r-3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines and their interaction with antitumoral drugs gemcitabine and paclitaxel on cellular lines of human breast cancer. Arenas, DR; Arvelo, F; Kouznetsov, VV; Muñoz, A; Sojo, F, 2011)	0.58
" Therefore, concomitant use of the ZD55-dNKmut and dFdC could be a novel targeted strategy in suicide gene therapy with safe control of excessive virus replication."	( Adenovirus-mediated Drosophila melanogaster deoxyribonucleoside kinase mutants combined with gemcitabine harbor a safe cancer treatment profile. He, A; Ma, S; Sun, Z; Xu, H; Zhao, L; Zheng, X; Zhu, Z, 2011)	0.59
" The severe hematological adverse events related to EGFR TKIs treatment were rare."	( The safety and efficacy of EGFR TKIs monotherapy versus single-agent chemotherapy using third-generation cytotoxics as the first-line treatment for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and poor performance status. Chen, B; Liu, S; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Wu, J; Zhao, W, 2011)	0.37
"To observe the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of taxol plus carboplatin (TP) or gemcitabine plus carboplatin (GP) in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma."	( [Clinical efficacy and adverse effects of taxol plus carboplatin or gemcitabine plus carboplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma]. Wang, XY; Zhao, YL, 2010)	0.82
" All toxic effects of gemcitabine in dogs were recorded."	( Toxic effects and antitumor response of gemcitabine in combination with piroxicam treatment in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Jeglum, AK; Lindner, D; Marconato, L; Nelson, V; Suslak-Brown, L; Zini, E, 2011)	0.95
" However, this combination of chemotherapy did provide a new treatment alternative with fewer adverse effects."	( Toxic effects and antitumor response of gemcitabine in combination with piroxicam treatment in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Jeglum, AK; Lindner, D; Marconato, L; Nelson, V; Suslak-Brown, L; Zini, E, 2011)	0.64
" Grade 3-4 neutropenia was the major adverse event in both schedules: 37."	( A 4-week versus a 3-week schedule of gemcitabine monotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer: a randomized phase II study to evaluate toxicity and dose intensity. Fujii, M; Harada, R; Hirao, K; Ishida, E; Kato, H; Kawamoto, H; Kurihara, N; Mizuno, O; Noma, Y; Ogawa, T; Sakakihara, I; Tsutsumi, K; Yamamoto, K; Yamamoto, N, 2011)	0.64
" Gastrointestinal adverse events (nausea, vomiting and diarrhea) were commonly observed in both treatment groups."	( A phase II open-label randomized study to assess the efficacy and safety of selumetinib (AZD6244 [ARRY-142886]) versus capecitabine in patients with advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer who have failed first-line gemcitabine therapy. Bodoky, G; Ciuleanu, TE; La Stella, PJ; Pover, G; Spigel, DR; Tebbutt, NC; Timcheva, C, 2012)	0.56
"Most grade 3/4 adverse events seen after 10 cycles were hematological toxicities."	( Long-term gemcitabine administration in heavily pretreated Japanese patients with metastatic breast cancer: additional safety analysis of a phase II study. Funai, J; Ishii, M; Saeki, T; Takao, S; Takashima, S; Tokuda, Y, 2012)	0.78
" Grade 2 and 3 toxic effects included fatigue, vomiting, dyspnea, and cough."	( Aerosolized gemcitabine in patients with carcinoma of the lung: feasibility and safety study. Boidron-Celle, M; Diot, P; el Houfia, A; Gagnadoux, F; Giraudeau, B; Grimbert, D; Hureaux, J; le Pape, A; Lemarie, E; Pichon, E; Prunier, C; Valat, C; Vecellio, L, 2011)	0.75
" The time of reccurrence and adverse effects were recorded."	( [Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of intravesical instillation with gemcitabine after first-line intravesical chemotherapy failure in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer]. Cao, M; Chen, HG; Ma, CK; Ma, J; Xue, W, 2011)	0.6
" The incident of over common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) grade 2 white blood cell decreased was significantly reduced in patients treated at 15:00 compared with those treated at 9:00 (p=0."	( The relationship between treatment time of gemcitabine and development of hematologic toxicity in cancer patients. Aizawa, K; Fukunaga, E; Hamada, A; Iwata, K; Jingami, S; Saito, H; Sakai, S; Yoshida, M, 2011)	0.63
"Nephrotoxicity is an inherent adverse effect of certain anticancer drugs and may result in a variety of functional consequences that include any combination of glomerular or tubular dysfunction, hypertension and disturbance of the renal endocrine function."	( Nephrotoxicity of anticancer drugs--an underestimated problem? Kruse, V; Lameire, N; Rottey, S, )	0.13
" Treatment-emergent adverse events were generally mild and included fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and chills."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of ganitumab (AMG 479) combined with sorafenib, panitumumab, erlotinib, or gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors. Chan, E; Deng, H; Friberg, G; Gilbert, J; Hwang, YC; Mahalingam, D; McCaffery, I; Michael, SA; Mita, AC; Mita, MM; Mulay, M; Puzanov, I; Rosen, LS; Sarantopoulos, J; Shubhakar, P; Zhu, M, 2012)	0.59
"Ganitumab up to 12 mg/kg was well tolerated, without adverse effects on pharmacokinetics in combination with either sorafenib, panitumumab, erlotinib, or gemcitabine."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of ganitumab (AMG 479) combined with sorafenib, panitumumab, erlotinib, or gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors. Chan, E; Deng, H; Friberg, G; Gilbert, J; Hwang, YC; Mahalingam, D; McCaffery, I; Michael, SA; Mita, AC; Mita, MM; Mulay, M; Puzanov, I; Rosen, LS; Sarantopoulos, J; Shubhakar, P; Zhu, M, 2012)	0.79
"The morbidity of abdominal and pelvic SFP performed on a miscellaneous group of patients in our institute was analyzed and potential risk factors for adverse events were evaluated."	( Complications and toxicity after abdominal and pelvic hypoxic stop-flow perfusion chemotherapy: incidence and assessment of risk factors. Askoxylakis, J; de Bree, E; Melissas, J; Metaxari, M; Michalakis, J; Romanos, J; Tsiftsis, DD; Tsogkas, J; Volakakis, E, 2012)	0.38
" In total, 28 adverse effects were observed after 30% of the procedures."	( Complications and toxicity after abdominal and pelvic hypoxic stop-flow perfusion chemotherapy: incidence and assessment of risk factors. Askoxylakis, J; de Bree, E; Melissas, J; Metaxari, M; Michalakis, J; Romanos, J; Tsiftsis, DD; Tsogkas, J; Volakakis, E, 2012)	0.38
" Grade three or worse adverse events were mainly hand-foot syndrome (11%), and there were no grade four adverse events."	( Prospective efficacy and safety study of neoadjuvant gemcitabine with capecitabine combination chemotherapy for borderline-resectable or unresectable locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Han, DJ; Kim, JH; Kim, MH; Kim, SC; Kim, TW; Lee, JL; Lee, SK; Lee, SS; Park, DH; Park, JH; Seo, DW; Shin, SH, 2012)	0.63
" In an attempt to design an efficacious and safe prehematopoietic stem cell transplantation conditioning regimen, we investigated the cytotoxicity of the combination of busulfan (B), melphalan (M), and gemcitabine (G) in lymphoma cell lines in the absence or presence of drugs that induce epigenetic changes."	( Epigenetic modifiers enhance the synergistic cytotoxicity of combined nucleoside analog-DNA alkylating agents in lymphoma cell lines. Andersson, BS; Champlin, RE; Li, Y; Murray, D; Nieto, Y; Valdez, BC; Wang, G, 2012)	0.57
" The aim of this study is to evaluate the response rate and toxic side effects of gemcitabine-cisplatin (GC) in patients with advanced/metastatic bladder carcinoma."	( [The efficacy and toxicity of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy in advanced/metastatic bladder urothelial carcinoma]. Arslan, M; Ceylan, Y; Degirmenci, T; Gunlusoy, B; Kara, C; Kozacıoğlu, Z; Vardar, E, 2012)	0.89
" Data such as patient background, treatment details, adverse events occurring during the observational period, laboratory values of liver enzyme and survival status were collected 3 and 12 months after the start of therapy."	( Safety and effectiveness of gemcitabine in 260 patients with biliary tract cancer in a Japanese clinical practice based on post-marketing surveillance in Japan. Kobayashi, N; Nishiuma, S; Okubo, S; Taketsuna, M; Taniai, H, 2012)	0.67
" Haematotoxicities were the most common adverse drug reactions."	( Safety and effectiveness of gemcitabine in 260 patients with biliary tract cancer in a Japanese clinical practice based on post-marketing surveillance in Japan. Kobayashi, N; Nishiuma, S; Okubo, S; Taketsuna, M; Taniai, H, 2012)	0.67
" Major grade 3/4 adverse events included neutropenia (28."	( Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase 1 family polypeptide A1 gene (UGT1A1) polymorphisms are associated with toxicity and efficacy in irinotecan monotherapy for refractory pancreatic cancer. Hamada, T; Hirano, K; Ijichi, H; Isayama, H; Kawakubo, K; Kogure, H; Koike, K; Miyabayashi, K; Mizuno, S; Mohri, D; Nakai, Y; Sasahira, N; Sasaki, T; Satoh, Y; Tada, M; Takahara, N; Takai, D; Uchino, R; Yamamoto, N; Yatomi, Y, 2013)	0.39
"Due to the various inter-individual differences in the biological characteristics of tumor cells, as well as issues on the efficacy, adverse reactions, and defects of existing drugs, we compared the clinical efficacy and toxicity of pemetrexed and gemcitabine combined with cisplatin for the treatment of previously untreated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."	( [Efficacy and toxicity of pemetrexed or gemcitabine combined with cisplatin in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer]. Cheng, G; Hu, C; Hu, X; Huang, C; Jiao, S; Li, K; Luo, R; Lv, W; Ouyang, X; Sun, Y; Wang, J; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Zhang, S; Zheng, R, 2012)	0.83
" The rate of adverse reactions, including white blood cell reduction, lower platelet count, lower hemoglobin, and hair loss in the PP group was significantly lower than that in the GP group."	( [Efficacy and toxicity of pemetrexed or gemcitabine combined with cisplatin in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer]. Cheng, G; Hu, C; Hu, X; Huang, C; Jiao, S; Li, K; Luo, R; Lv, W; Ouyang, X; Sun, Y; Wang, J; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Zhang, S; Zheng, R, 2012)	0.65
"The clinical efficacy of pemetrexed and gemcitabine combined with cisplatin for the treatment of previously untreated advanced NSCLC was roughly the same, but the adverse reactions decreased significantly in the PP group compared with those in the GP group."	( [Efficacy and toxicity of pemetrexed or gemcitabine combined with cisplatin in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer]. Cheng, G; Hu, C; Hu, X; Huang, C; Jiao, S; Li, K; Luo, R; Lv, W; Ouyang, X; Sun, Y; Wang, J; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Zhang, S; Zheng, R, 2012)	0.91
" Data such as patient background, treatment details, adverse events, tumor response, serum CA19-9 levels and drug-related symptom improvement were assessed."	( Safety and effectiveness of gemcitabine in 855 patients with pancreatic cancer under Japanese clinical practice based on post-marketing surveillance in Japan. Ashida, R; Ioka, T; Katayama, K; Kobayashi, N; Takakura, R; Tanaka, S; Taniai, H, 2013)	0.68
"9%) patients reported drug-related adverse events, with 97 patients (11."	( Safety and effectiveness of gemcitabine in 855 patients with pancreatic cancer under Japanese clinical practice based on post-marketing surveillance in Japan. Ashida, R; Ioka, T; Katayama, K; Kobayashi, N; Takakura, R; Tanaka, S; Taniai, H, 2013)	0.68
" The toxicity profile was excellent with only 8 % of overall G3-G4 adverse events."	( When less is better: the safety and efficacy of reduced intensity gemcitabine in a difficult patient population with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Calvani, N; Cinefra, M; Cinieri, S; D'Amico, M; Fedele, P; Marino, A; Nacci, A; Orlando, L; Rizzo, P; Schiavone, P; Sponziello, F, 2013)	0.63
"SBRT with concurrent full dose gemcitabine is safe when administered to patients with LAPC."	( Stereotactic body radiation therapy with concurrent full-dose gemcitabine for locally advanced pancreatic cancer: a pilot trial demonstrating safety. Berzcel, L; Charabaty, A; Collins, SP; Gurka, MK; Haddad, N; Jackson, P; Jha, R; Johnson, CD; Lei, S; Ley, L; Marshall, JL; Pishvaian, MJ; Slack, R; Suy, S; Tse, G, 2013)	0.92
" Safe margin-negative resection (R0) surgery was defined as R0 surgery without reintervention during the NACRT period and no postoperative complications."	( Covered self-expandable metal stent deployment promises safe neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic head cancer. Endo, I; Hosono, K; Kobayashi, N; Kubota, K; Matsuyama, R; Mori, R; Nakajima, A; Sato, T; Taniguchi, K; Watanabe, S, 2014)	0.4
" Safe R0 surgery obtained in groups B and C was 11% (2/19) and 67% (10/15), respectively (P < 0."	( Covered self-expandable metal stent deployment promises safe neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic head cancer. Endo, I; Hosono, K; Kobayashi, N; Kubota, K; Matsuyama, R; Mori, R; Nakajima, A; Sato, T; Taniguchi, K; Watanabe, S, 2014)	0.4
"CSEMS should be considered to relieve symptomatic biliary obstruction in patients with BRPHC receiving NACRT in view of the high attainability rate of safe R0 surgery compared to that with PS deployment."	( Covered self-expandable metal stent deployment promises safe neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic head cancer. Endo, I; Hosono, K; Kobayashi, N; Kubota, K; Matsuyama, R; Mori, R; Nakajima, A; Sato, T; Taniguchi, K; Watanabe, S, 2014)	0.4
" Secondary end points included overall survival (OS) and toxic effect."	( Multicenter phase II trial to investigate safety and efficacy of gemcitabine combined with cetuximab as adjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer (ATIP). Barth, PJ; Bartsch, DK; Brendel, C; Ebert, MP; Endlicher, E; Fass, J; Fensterer, H; Gress, TM; Hofheinz, R; Kornmann, M; Lindig, U; Märten, A; Michl, P; Müller, HH; Schade-Brittinger, C; Schmidt, WE; Settmacher, U; Tebbe, S, 2013)	0.63
" Subgroup analyses revealed a nonsignificant increase in DFS for patients with versus without skin toxic effect ≥ grade 2 (median 14."	( Multicenter phase II trial to investigate safety and efficacy of gemcitabine combined with cetuximab as adjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer (ATIP). Barth, PJ; Bartsch, DK; Brendel, C; Ebert, MP; Endlicher, E; Fass, J; Fensterer, H; Gress, TM; Hofheinz, R; Kornmann, M; Lindig, U; Märten, A; Michl, P; Müller, HH; Schade-Brittinger, C; Schmidt, WE; Settmacher, U; Tebbe, S, 2013)	0.63
" Trends for improved DFS in patients with wild-type K-Ras and skin toxic effect remain to be confirmed."	( Multicenter phase II trial to investigate safety and efficacy of gemcitabine combined with cetuximab as adjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer (ATIP). Barth, PJ; Bartsch, DK; Brendel, C; Ebert, MP; Endlicher, E; Fass, J; Fensterer, H; Gress, TM; Hofheinz, R; Kornmann, M; Lindig, U; Märten, A; Michl, P; Müller, HH; Schade-Brittinger, C; Schmidt, WE; Settmacher, U; Tebbe, S, 2013)	0.63
" Toxicity was assessed according to National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events."	( Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: preliminary experience on the safety, efficacy, and clinical outcomes. Dong, S; Li, WT; Peng, WJ; Ye, XD; Yuan, Z, 2013)	0.39
"The most frequent drug-related adverse events were cough (n = 17; 42."	( Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: preliminary experience on the safety, efficacy, and clinical outcomes. Dong, S; Li, WT; Peng, WJ; Ye, XD; Yuan, Z, 2013)	0.39
"Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy for advanced lung cancer has the potential to reduce the size of tumors and has no severe adverse effects."	( Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: preliminary experience on the safety, efficacy, and clinical outcomes. Dong, S; Li, WT; Peng, WJ; Ye, XD; Yuan, Z, 2013)	0.39
" Asian patients had higher rates of hematologic toxicities but lower rates of other adverse events."	( Consistent efficacy and safety of gemcitabine-paclitaxel in patients with metastatic breast cancer: a retrospective comparison of East Asian and global studies. Chi, HD; Liu, Z; Orlando, M; Quinlivan, M; Xu, B; Zhang, XQ, 2014)	0.68
" The most common (≥10% patients) treatment-emergent adverse events were gemcitabine-related thrombocytopenia (40%) followed by sorafenib-related hand-foot skin reaction and anorexia (33% each)."	( Efficacy and safety of sorafenib-gemcitabine combination therapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: an open-label Phase II feasibility study. Ahmad, S; Khattak, J; Murad, S; Naqi, N, 2014)	0.92
"Active hexose-correlated compound (AHCC), an extract of basidiomycete mushroom, is used as health food to enhance the therapeutic effects and reduce the adverse effects of chemotherapy."	( Active hexose-correlated compound down-regulates HSP27 of pancreatic cancer cells, and helps the cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine. Kaino, S; Kuramitsu, Y; Maehara, S; Maehara, Y; Nakamura, K; Sakaida, I; Suenaga, S, 2014)	0.61
" The proportion reporting at least one adverse event (any grade) with C, G, V, and E was 45%, 65%, 75%, and 63%."	( A comparison of toxicity and health care resource use between eribulin, capecitabine, gemcitabine, and vinorelbine in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated in a community oncology setting. Beegle, N; Blau, S; Cox, D; Dranitsaris, G; Faria, C; Kalberer, T, 2015)	0.64
" Multivariate analysis demonstrated that a heavy smoking history (40 or more pack-year smoking history) was an independent adverse prognostic factor for OS."	( Safety and efficacy of gemcitabine or pemetrexed in combination with a platinum in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and prior interstitial lung disease. Ahn, JS; Ahn, MJ; Chang, W; Choi, MK; Chung, MP; Hong, JY; Jung, HA; Kim, M; Kim, S; Lee, SJ; Park, K; Park, S; Sun, JM, 2014)	0.71
" Other most common adverse events were neutropenia and nausea."	( Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity of ganitumab, an investigational fully human monoclonal antibody to insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor, combined with gemcitabine as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic pancr Fukutomi, A; Gansert, J; Ikeda, M; Kobayashi, Y; Okusaka, T; Shibayama, K; Takubo, T, 2014)	0.59
" The most frequently reported grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events included thrombocytopenia 33%, neutropenia 16% and hand-foot skin reaction 13%."	( Efficacy and safety of sorafenib in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter, open-label, single-arm phase II study. Srimuninnimit, V; Sriuranpong, V; Suwanvecho, S, 2014)	0.65
" The incidence of adverse events was evaluated by CTCAE v4."	( Renal toxicity associated with weekly cisplatin and gemcitabine combination therapy for treatment of advanced biliary tract cancer. Goda, Y; Irie, K; Kobayashi, S; Morimoto, M; Ohkawa, S; Ueno, M, 2014)	0.65
"The severity of the toxic side effects of chemotherapy shows a great deal of interindividual variability, and much of this variation is likely genetically based."	( Using Drosophila melanogaster to identify chemotherapy toxicity genes. King, EG; Kislukhin, G; Long, AD; Walters, KN, 2014)	0.4
"The fixed dose rate (FDR) gemcitabine infusion in combination with docetaxel is an effective treatment regimen for patients with relapsed/refractory soft tissue sarcoma, and with tolerable adverse reactions."	( [Efficacy and safety of fixed dose rate gemcitabine infusion in combination with docetaxel in patients with relapsed/refractory soft tissue sarcoma]. Guo, H; Liu, Y; Yang, S; Yao, S; Yao, Z; Zhao, Y, 2014)	0.97
"ILP with GEM is a safe and reproducible technique in this large-animal model, which includes 1 month of survival."	( Acute and delayed toxicity of gemcitabine administered during isolated lung perfusion: a preclinical dose-escalation study in pigs. Bernard, A; Bouchot, O; Charon-Barra, C; Derangere, V; Ghiringhelli, F; Lokiec, F; Magnin, G; Pagès, PB, 2015)	0.71
" Dose delays and reductions due to adverse events were needed in 8 patients."	( Initial safety and efficacy of cisplatin and gemcitabine combination chemotherapy for unresectable biliary tract cancer. Shibata, Y, 2014)	0.66
" Combining electroporation-mediated chemotherapeutics with interleukin 12 (IL-12) plasmid DNA produces a strong yet safe anti-tumour effect for treating primary and refractory tumours."	( Safe and effective treatment of spontaneous neoplasms with interleukin 12 electro-chemo-gene therapy. Cutrera, J; Gumpel, E; Jones, P; Kicenuik, K; King, G; Li, S; Xia, X, 2015)	0.42
" Common adverse events with axitinib/gemcitabine in Japanese patients were fatigue, anorexia, dysphonia, nausea and decreased platelet count."	( Efficacy and safety of axitinib in combination with gemcitabine in advanced pancreatic cancer: subgroup analyses by region, including Japan, from the global randomized Phase III trial. Boku, N; Bycott, P; Fujii, Y; Furuse, J; Ioka, T; Kamei, Y; Namazu, K; Ohkawa, S; Okusaka, T; Sawaki, A; Takahashi, S; Umeyama, Y, 2015)	0.94
" With regard to adverse events, the rates of nausea (p<0."	( [A three-week regimen of S-1 monotherapy reduced gastrointestinal toxicity and maintained efficacy in patients with gemcitabine-refractory advanced pancreatic cancer]. Funazaki, H; Ikeda, M; Katayama, S; Kobayashi, M; Kondo, S; Kuwahara, A; Mitsunaga, S; Morizane, C; Ochiai, A; Ohno, I; Okusaka, T; Okuyama, H; Sakamoto, Y; Shimizu, S; Takahashi, H; Tanaka, H; Ueno, H, 2015)	0.63
"Preoperative autophagy inhibition with HCQ plus gemcitabine is safe and well tolerated."	( Safety and Biologic Response of Pre-operative Autophagy Inhibition in Combination with Gemcitabine in Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Bahary, N; Bao, P; Bartlett, DL; Boone, BA; Espina, V; Liotta, LA; Lotze, MT; Loughran, P; Moser, AJ; Normolle, DP; Singhi, AD; Wu, WC; Zeh, HJ; Zureikat, AH, 2015)	0.9
"A total of 61 patients with relapse and refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) treated with chanotherapy of GEMOX regimen from 2010 Jannary -2013 year were selected, and their clinical data were collected, and the short-term efficacy, toxic effects and short-term survival were analyzed."	( [Safety and efficacy evaluation of gemcitabine combined with oxaliplatin for the treatment of patients with lymphoma]. Chen, BL; Liu, L; Qin, SH; Tan, QL; Zhao, Z, 2015)	0.69
" The adverse reactions mainly observed in blood and digestive tract, but were mild; adverse reactions were reduced or disappeared after stoping drugs or symptomatic treatment."	( [Safety and efficacy evaluation of gemcitabine combined with oxaliplatin for the treatment of patients with lymphoma]. Chen, BL; Liu, L; Qin, SH; Tan, QL; Zhao, Z, 2015)	0.69
"To prevent adverse drug reactions in the post-marketing phase, therapeutic drug monitoring and various laboratory tests have been used for decades."	( [Utilization of Genomic Biomarkers for Post-marketing Safety of Drugs]. Kaniwa, N, 2015)	0.42
" The most common grade 3 or higher adverse events were neutropenia (8% in the RIG + GEM group versus 6% in the GEM group), hyponatremia (17% versus 4%), and anemia (8% versus 4%)."	( A phase II/III randomized study to compare the efficacy and safety of rigosertib plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine alone in patients with previously untreated metastatic pancreatic cancer. Aisner, DL; Bajaj, R; Baranda, JC; Bathini, V; Berlin, J; Boles, J; Cho, JK; Cohen, DJ; Cohen, SJ; Coveler, L; Cusnir, M; Fanta, P; Fehrenbacher, L; Gomes, CL; Granfortuna, J; Jimeno, A; Ma, WW; Maguire, R; Maniar, M; McRee, AJ; Menter, AR; Messersmith, WA; Nazemzadeh, R; O'Neil, BH; Olowokure, OO; Phillip, P; Radford, J; Rarick, M; Scott, AJ; Tejani, MA; Wilhelm, F, 2015)	0.64
" The two groups were compared in terms of median survival and adverse events to chemotherapy."	( The effectiveness and safety of platinum-based pemetrexed and platinum-based gemcitabine treatment in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Ak, G; Akarsu, M; Metintas, M; Metintas, S, 2015)	0.65
"The study indicates that platinum-based gemcitabine is effective and a safe schema in malignant pleural mesothelioma."	( The effectiveness and safety of platinum-based pemetrexed and platinum-based gemcitabine treatment in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Ak, G; Akarsu, M; Metintas, M; Metintas, S, 2015)	0.91
" Common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) grade 3-4 haematological toxicity and dose reduction and/or stop of treatment after the first course of chemotherapy were defined as primary and secondary toxicity outcomes."	( Low muscle mass is associated with chemotherapy-induced haematological toxicity in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Aass, N; Baracos, VE; Benth, JŠ; Fløtten, Ø; Grønberg, BH; Hjermstad, MJ; Jordhøy, M; Sjøblom, B, 2015)	0.42
" The frequency and severity of adverse events were consistent with previous analyses; no new safety concerns were identified."	( Final overall survival and safety analysis of OCEANS, a phase 3 trial of chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer. Aghajanian, C; Blank, SV; Goff, B; Husain, A; Nycum, LR; Wang, YV, 2015)	0.42
" Our data suggest that single-dose gemcitabine together with G-CSF is an effective mobilization regimen in myeloma patients and a safe alternative non-myelosuppressive mobilization chemotherapy for myeloma patients with bortezomib-induced polyneuropathy."	( Stem cell mobilization chemotherapy with gemcitabine is effective and safe in myeloma patients with bortezomib-induced neurotoxicity. Betticher, D; Egger, T; Keller, S; Mansouri Taleghani, B; Mueller, BU; Pabst, T; Rauch, D; Seipel, K, 2016)	0.98
" However, some studies have been stopped owing to the development of severe adverse events."	( Safety and efficacy of combination therapy with low-dose gemcitabine, paclitaxel, and sorafenib in patients with cisplatin-resistant urothelial cancer. Asai, A; Matsuo, T; Mitsunari, K; Miyata, Y; Ohba, K; Sakai, H, 2015)	0.66
"The purpose of this study is to evaluate the fluctuations of coagulation parameters during cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) and confirm beyond doubt that epidural anaesthesia is safe with this type of operations."	( Lack of significant intraoperative coagulopathy in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) indicates that epidural anaesthesia is a safe option. Alevizos, L; Daskalou, T; Eleftheriadis, S; Iatrou, C; Korakianitis, O; Mavroudis, C; Stamou, K; Tentes, AA; Vogiatzaki, T, 2015)	0.42
"Our results support the belief that epidural analgesia is a safe option in cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC despite certain intraoperative fluctuations in coagulation parameters."	( Lack of significant intraoperative coagulopathy in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) indicates that epidural anaesthesia is a safe option. Alevizos, L; Daskalou, T; Eleftheriadis, S; Iatrou, C; Korakianitis, O; Mavroudis, C; Stamou, K; Tentes, AA; Vogiatzaki, T, 2015)	0.42
" The efficacy and adverse reactions in patients of the study and control groups were observed and compared."	( [Safety and efficacy of gemcitabine combined with S-1 in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer]. He, P; Jiang, Y; Yang, K; Zheng, L; Zhong, H, 2015)	0.72
" The major adverse reactions were myelosuppression and digestive tract reactions, and the adverse reactions in the study group were lower than those in the control group."	( [Safety and efficacy of gemcitabine combined with S-1 in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer]. He, P; Jiang, Y; Yang, K; Zheng, L; Zhong, H, 2015)	0.72
"Gemcitabine combined with S-1 is effective and safe in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer, with less side effects, and can be tolerated by the patients."	( [Safety and efficacy of gemcitabine combined with S-1 in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer]. He, P; Jiang, Y; Yang, K; Zheng, L; Zhong, H, 2015)	2.17
" During neoadjuvant therapy, 21 patients (84 %) suffered from adverse events."	( Evaluation of the safety and pathological effects of neoadjuvant full-dose gemcitabine combination radiation therapy in patients with biliary tract cancer. Akita, H; Gotoh, K; Ishikawa, O; Kobayashi, S; Marubashi, S; Nishiyama, K; Ohigashi, H; Sakon, M; Takahashi, H; Teshima, T; Tomokuni, A; Yamada, T; Yano, M, 2015)	0.65
"Severe toxicity and interruption of radiotherapy were more frequent in patients with multiple adverse predictive factors."	( Predictive factors for survival and correlation to toxicity in advanced Stage III non-small cell lung cancer patients with concurrent chemoradiation. Ahn, SJ; Ban, HJ; Chung, WK; Jeong, JU; Kim, KS; Kim, YC; Kim, YH; Nam, TK; Oh, IJ; Song, JY; Yoon, MS, 2016)	0.43
" Grade 3/4 hematologic adverse events included neutropenia (28%) and leukopenia (11%); adverse events led to discontinuation in 33% of patients."	( An open-label, dose-escalation study to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of CEP-9722 (a PARP-1 and PARP-2 inhibitor) in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors. Aftimos, P; Awada, A; Bahleda, R; Bourbouloux, E; Campone, M; Frenel, JS; Gombos, A; Soria, JC; Varga, A, 2016)	0.63
"The present study was conducted to determine whether active hexose correlated compound (AHCC), a functional food extracted from cultured basidiomycetes, possesses the potential to attenuate adverse events in unresectable pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients receiving chemotherapy."	( Alleviating Effect of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) on Chemotherapy-Related Adverse Events in Patients with Unresectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Hirooka, S; Inoue, K; Kon, M; Kotsuka, M; Matsui, Y; Michiura, T; Ryota, H; Satoi, S; Tsuta, K; Yamaki, S; Yamamoto, T; Yanagimoto, H, 2016)	0.43
" This rare adverse event is more frequent in the presence of edema."	( Erysipeloid rash: A rare adverse event induced by gemcitabine. Gutiérrez, D; Juez, I; Ruiz-Casado, A, )	0.38
"This data suggests that nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine is a safe and effective neoadjuvant treatment for potentially resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma."	( Preoperative treatment with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel is a safe and effective chemotherapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Alvarez, R; Caruso, R; Diaz, E; Duran, H; Fabra, I; Ferri, V; Hidalgo, M; Ielpo, B; Malavé, L; Plaza, C; Quijano, Y; Vicente, E, 2016)	0.99
" Grade 3-4 adverse events included leukopenia (2/39), and neutropenia (3/39) in first-line therapy versus neutropenia (1/40) and thrombocytopenia (2/40) in second-line treatment."	( A retrospective analysis of efficacy and safety of adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy as first- and second-line therapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Chen, N; Fang, W; Hu, Z; Huang, J; Quan, R; Zhan, J; Zhang, H; Zhang, L; Zhou, T, 2016)	0.43
" In both cohorts, disease progression was the most common primary reason for discontinuing pertuzumab, and the most common all-grade adverse events (AEs) were fatigue/asthenia, anemia, and diarrhea."	( Pertuzumab Plus Chemotherapy for Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer: Safety Run-in Results of the PENELOPE Trial. Bastiere-Truchot, L; Berton-Rigaud, D; Colombo, N; Del Campo, JM; du Bois, A; Gadducci, A; García, Y; González-Martín, A; Kiermaier, A; Kurzeder, C; Mahner, S; Marmé, F; Martin, N; Ortega, E; Ottevanger, P; Pautier, P; Rau, J; Selle, F, 2016)	0.43
" Adverse events of interest with the largest difference between treatment groups in EGFR > 0 patients (Grade ≥3) were hypomagnesemia (10% versus <1%) and skin rash (6% versus <1%)."	( Correlation of EGFR-expression with safety and efficacy outcomes in SQUIRE: a randomized, multicenter, open-label, phase III study of gemcitabine-cisplatin plus necitumumab versus gemcitabine-cisplatin alone in the first-line treatment of patients with st Hirsch, FR; Hozak, RR; Kurek, R; Paz-Ares, L; Shahidi, J; Socinski, MA; Soldatenkova, V; Thatcher, N; Varella-Garcia, M, 2016)	0.64
" Adverse effects were tolerable, with dose reduced upfront in 23 % patients and 11."	( Second-Line Palliative Chemotherapy in Advanced Gall Bladder Cancer, CAP-IRI: Safe and Effective Option. Goel, M; Gupta, S; Jandyal, S; Ostwal, V; Pande, N; Patkar, S; Ramadwar, M; Ramaswamy, A; Sahu, A; Shetty, N, 2016)	0.43
" As for the toxicity profile, the most common adverse events (AEs) were hematologic reactions, skin rash, and gastrointestinal reactions."	( Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine plus erlotinib for locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Guo, J; Han, X; Hu, GF; Liu, LY; Tang, N; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wang, ZH; Zhang, QQ, 2016)	0.74
" Four important transporter genes are expressed in the kidney, including organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1), ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1), and ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 2 (ABCC2), and genetic polymorphisms in these genes may alter the efficacy and adverse effects of platinum drugs."	( Associations of genetic polymorphisms of the transporters organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1), and ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 2 (ABCC2) with platinum-based chemotherapy response and toxicity in non-sma Chen, J; Liu, JY; Liu, ZQ; Qian, CY; Wang, Y; Yin, JY; Zheng, Y; Zhou, HH, 2016)	0.43
" Select adverse events (those with a potential immunologic cause) of any grade were observed in six, four, six, and five patients in arms A, B, C, and D, respectively."	( Safety and efficacy of nivolumab and standard chemotherapy drug combination in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a four arms phase Ib study. Fujiwara, Y; Goto, K; Horinouchi, H; Hozumi, H; Kanda, S; Kitazono, S; Kubo, E; Mizugaki, H; Nokihara, H; Shiraishi, H; Sunami, K; Tamura, T; Tanaka, A; Utsumi, H; Yamamoto, N, 2016)	0.43
" Our data highlight the importance of managing adverse events and indicate that patients should be treated until PD when possible."	( Efficacy and safety profile of nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer treated to disease progression: a subanalysis from a phase 3 trial (MPACT). Li, JS; McGovern, D; Romano, A; Römmler-Zehrer, J; Stahl, M; Vogel, A, 2016)	0.69
" The combined hazard ratio (HR) or risk ratio; the corresponding 95% confidence intervals of progression-free survival, overall survival, and overall response rate; and grade 3-4 adverse events were examined."	( Therapeutic efficacy and safety of S-1-based combination therapy compare with S-1 monotherapy following gemcitabine failure in pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis. Hu, Z; Ju, B; Lu, S; Wang, W; Xie, H; Yang, Q; Zhang, Y; Zhao, X; Zheng, S; Zhou, D; Zhou, L; Zhou, X, 2016)	0.65
" Gemcitabine may be relatively safe in heavily pretreated ovarian cancer patients."	( Response to and toxicity of gemcitabine for recurrent ovarian cancer according to number of previous chemotherapy regimens. Fujiwara, H; Machida, S; Matsubara, S; Morisawa, H; Nagashima, T; Saga, Y; Takahashi, S; Takahashi, Y; Takei, Y; Taneichi, A, 2017)	1.66
"Web of knowledge, PubMed, Ovid, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify relevant studies and extract data on overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and common grade 3 or 4 adverse events."	( The efficacy and safety of platinum plus gemcitabine (PG) chemotherapy with or without molecular targeted agent (MTA) in first-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). He, J; Li, T; Liu, P; Luo, L; Yang, J; Yu, M, 2016)	0.7
" The combination chemotherapy also showed a higher frequency of grade 3 or higher toxic effects in patients with advanced NSCLC than PG chemotherapy."	( The efficacy and safety of platinum plus gemcitabine (PG) chemotherapy with or without molecular targeted agent (MTA) in first-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). He, J; Li, T; Liu, P; Luo, L; Yang, J; Yu, M, 2016)	0.7
" A numerically higher proportion of patients experienced serious adverse events (AEs), grade ≥ 3 AEs, and AEs with an outcome of death for neci+GC versus GC in EA patients and EA patients versus non-EA patients for neci+GC."	( Efficacy and Safety of First-Line Necitumumab Plus Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Versus Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in East Asian Patients with Stage IV Squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Subgroup Analysis of the Phase 3, Open-Label, Randomized SQUIRE Study Ahn, MJ; Bello, M; Cho, EK; Depenbrock, H; Orlando, M; Park, K; Puri, T; Soldatenkova, V; Song, EK; Thongprasert, S, 2017)	0.71
" Nausea and vomiting occurred as adverse event (AE) in eight out of 25 treatments (32%), with seven of eight events (87."	( Degradable Starch Microspheres Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (DSM-TACE) in Intrahepatic Cholangiocellular Carcinoma (ICC): Results from a National Multi-Center Study on Safety and Efficacy. Albrecht, T; Michalik, K; Nolte-Ernsting, C; Pereira, PL; Pützler, M; Schicho, A; Stroszczynski, C; Wiggermann, P, 2017)	0.46
" However, its fat solubility is high, and several adverse events, such as myelosuppression, are known to develop during its use."	( [Comparison of Preparation Efficiency and Therapeutic Safety between Generic Products of Gemcitabine]. Amada, K; Itoh, H; Nakahara, R; Ono, H; Sato, Y, 2017)	0.68
"Our results confirm that GP has an adverse impact on the renal function of patients with UUT-UC who retain a solitary kidney, but it can be safely administered to the majority of these patients without inducing SNT."	( The renal safety and efficacy of combined gemcitabine plus cisplatin and gemcitabine plus carboplatin chemotherapy in Chinese patients with a solitary kidney after nephroureterectomy. An, X; Deng, YF; Jiang, WQ; Li, LR; Shao, C; Shi, YX; Sun, P; Thomas, R; Xue, C; Yang, W, 2017)	0.72
" Haemocytopenia was the predominant adverse effect, and acute toxicity was moderate, tolerable and well managed in both arms."	( The efficacy and safety of gemcitabine, cisplatin, prednisone, thalidomide versus CHOP in patients with newly diagnosed peripheral T-cell lymphoma with analysis of biomarkers. Chang, Y; Duan, W; Fu, X; Li, L; Li, X; Li, Z; Nan, F; Sun, Z; Wang, X; Wu, J; Yan, J; Young, KH; Zhang, L; Zhang, M; Zhang, X, 2017)	0.75
" Primary outcomes were the rates of complete ablation 12 months after the procedure, and rates of serious and minor adverse events within 30 days of the procedure."	( The Safety and Efficacy of an Alcohol-Free Pancreatic Cyst Ablation Protocol. Ancrile, BB; Birkholz, JH; Blandford, JT; Dye, CE; Gusani, NJ; Headlee, BD; Heisey, HD; Levenick, JM; Maranki, JL; Mathew, A; McGarrity, TJ; Moyer, MT; Sharzehi, S, 2017)	0.46
" Serious adverse events occurred in 6% of patients in the control group vs none of the patients in the alcohol-free group."	( The Safety and Efficacy of an Alcohol-Free Pancreatic Cyst Ablation Protocol. Ancrile, BB; Birkholz, JH; Blandford, JT; Dye, CE; Gusani, NJ; Headlee, BD; Heisey, HD; Levenick, JM; Maranki, JL; Mathew, A; McGarrity, TJ; Moyer, MT; Sharzehi, S, 2017)	0.46
"In this prospective, randomized, controlled trial, we found that alcohol is not required for effective EUS-guided pancreatic cyst ablation, and when alcohol is removed from the ablation process, there is a significant reduction in associated adverse events."	( The Safety and Efficacy of an Alcohol-Free Pancreatic Cyst Ablation Protocol. Ancrile, BB; Birkholz, JH; Blandford, JT; Dye, CE; Gusani, NJ; Headlee, BD; Heisey, HD; Levenick, JM; Maranki, JL; Mathew, A; McGarrity, TJ; Moyer, MT; Sharzehi, S, 2017)	0.46
" The treatment response and adverse events were compared between the 2 groups every 2 cycles."	( Efficacy and Safety of Vinorelbine Plus Cisplatin vs. Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin for Treatment of Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer After Failure with Anthracyclines and Taxanes. Wang, J; Wang, M; Wang, Z; Yang, Y; Zheng, R; Zou, W, 2017)	0.7
" In this subgroup analysis we compared patients treated with necitumumab monotherapy after completion of ≥ 4 cycles of chemotherapy with those in the chemotherapy arm who were progression-free and did not discontinue because of adverse events (AEs) after completion of ≥ 4 cycles of chemotherapy (gemcitabine-cisplatin nonprogressors)."	( Efficacy and Safety of Necitumumab Continuation Therapy in the Phase III SQUIRE Study of Patients With Stage IV Squamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Bálint, B; Ciuleanu, T; Depenbrock, H; Luft, AV; Molinier, O; Nanda, S; Obasaju, C; Paz-Ares, L; Ramlau, R; Socinski, MA; Szafrański, W; Szczesna, A; Thatcher, N, 2018)	0.66
" There is significant uncertainty as to whether using closed-system drug-transfer devices (CSTD) in addition to safe handling decreases the contamination and risk of staff exposure to infusional hazardous drugs compared to safe handling alone."	( Closed-system drug-transfer devices plus safe handling of hazardous drugs versus safe handling alone for reducing exposure to infusional hazardous drugs in healthcare staff. Best, LM; Bussières, JF; Gurusamy, KS; Korva, M; Lennan, E; Tanguay, C, 2018)	0.48
"To assess the effects of closed-system drug-transfer of infusional hazardous drugs plus safe handling versus safe handling alone for reducing staff exposure to infusional hazardous drugs and risk of staff contamination."	( Closed-system drug-transfer devices plus safe handling of hazardous drugs versus safe handling alone for reducing exposure to infusional hazardous drugs in healthcare staff. Best, LM; Bussières, JF; Gurusamy, KS; Korva, M; Lennan, E; Tanguay, C, 2018)	0.48
"We included comparative studies of any study design (irrespective of language, blinding, or publication status) that compared CSTD plus safe handling versus safe handling alone for infusional hazardous drugs."	( Closed-system drug-transfer devices plus safe handling of hazardous drugs versus safe handling alone for reducing exposure to infusional hazardous drugs in healthcare staff. Best, LM; Bussières, JF; Gurusamy, KS; Korva, M; Lennan, E; Tanguay, C, 2018)	0.48
" In 21 studies, the people who used the intervention (CSTD plus safe handling) and control (safe handling alone) were pharmacists or pharmacy technicians; in the other two studies, the people who used the intervention and control were nurses, pharmacists, or pharmacy technicians."	( Closed-system drug-transfer devices plus safe handling of hazardous drugs versus safe handling alone for reducing exposure to infusional hazardous drugs in healthcare staff. Best, LM; Bussières, JF; Gurusamy, KS; Korva, M; Lennan, E; Tanguay, C, 2018)	0.48
"There is currently no evidence to support or refute the routine use of closed-system drug transfer devices in addition to safe handling of infusional hazardous drugs, as there is no evidence of differences in exposure or financial benefits between CSTD plus safe handling versus safe handling alone (very low-quality evidence)."	( Closed-system drug-transfer devices plus safe handling of hazardous drugs versus safe handling alone for reducing exposure to infusional hazardous drugs in healthcare staff. Best, LM; Bussières, JF; Gurusamy, KS; Korva, M; Lennan, E; Tanguay, C, 2018)	0.48
" Hematological adverse events were commonly seen in both group (12."	( Efficacy and safety comparison of nabpaclitaxel plus S-1 and gemcitabine plus S-1 as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic pancreatic cancer. Fan, Y; Feng, Y; Guo, X; Liu, T; Lou, W; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Wu, L; Wu, W; Xu, B; Xu, Y; Zhou, Y, 2018)	0.72
" Treatment-related adverse events were mostly manageable, but one patient died as a result of febrile neutropenia."	( Comparison of efficacy and toxicity of second-line combination chemotherapy regimens in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. Iguchi, T; Kato, M; Kuratsukuri, K; Nakatani, T; Nishihara, C; Takeyama, Y; Tamada, S; Yamasaki, T, 2018)	0.48
"Nab-P/G administrations in our pts with cholestatic hyperbilirubinaemia suffering from APC were feasible and safe with respect to individualised dose administrations."	( Safety and efficacy of Nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer suffering from cholestatic hyperbilirubinaemia-A retrospective analysis. Bahra, M; Denecke, T; Jühling, A; Klein, F; Pelzer, U; Riess, H; Roemmler-Zehrer, J; Sinn, M; Striefler, J; Wislocka, L, 2018)	0.74
"The drug-loaded NPs present increased toxicity over human breast cancer cells without increasing toxic effects over endothelial cells."	( Gemcitabine delivered by fucoidan/chitosan nanoparticles presents increased toxicity over human breast cancer cells. Martins, A; Neves, NM; Oliveira, C; Reis, RL; Silva, TH, 2018)	1.92
" We compared the disease control rate, median overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs) between the two groups."	( The efficacy and safety of nab paclitaxel plus gemcitabine in elderly patients over 75 years with unresectable pancreatic cancer compared with younger patients. Hirose, Y; Ishii, A; Ishimoto, U; Iwaku, A; Kinoshita, A; Koike, K; Mizuno, Y; Saruta, M; Shibata, K; Shoji, R; Yokota, T, 2019)	0.77
" To evaluate the safety profile, every adverse event from the start of the treatment and up to 10 days after its completion was registered."	( Effectiveness and safety of nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine in locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Alfaro-Olea, A; Casajús-Navasal, A; Marín-Gorricho, R; Nebot-Villacampa, MJ; Uriarte-Pinto, M; Zafra-Morales, R, 2020)	0.82
"Health-care personnel handling antineoplastic drugs could be at risk for adverse health effects."	( Antineoplastic drug occupational exposure: a new integrated approach to evaluate exposure and early genotoxic and cytotoxic effects by no-invasive Buccal Micronucleus Cytome Assay biomarker. Boccia, R; Buresti, G; Carbonari, D; Cavallo, D; Chiarella, P; Ciervo, A; Colosio, C; Delrio, P; Fresegna, AM; Iavicoli, S; Jemos, C; Maiello, R; Maiolino, P; Mandić-Rajčević, S; Marchetti, P; Omodeo Salè, E; Rubino, FM; Ursini, CL, 2019)	0.51
" Autologous exosomes are safe and effective vehicles for targeted delivery of GEM against pancreatic cancer."	( Gemcitabine loaded autologous exosomes for effective and safe chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer. Cai, JX; Hu, XB; Li, YJ; Wang, JM; Wu, JY; Xiang, DX, 2020)	2
" However, their use in the elderly is discouraged because of adverse events."	( The efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy in the elderly with advanced pancreatic cancer. Bai, XL; Chen, W; Chen, YW; Fu, QH; Gao, SL; Guo, CX; Huang, DB; Li, X; Liang, TB; Ma, T; Que, RS; Su, W; Tang, TY; Zhang, Q; Zhang, XC, 2020)	0.56
" The objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and adverse events were compared between the groups."	( The efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy in the elderly with advanced pancreatic cancer. Bai, XL; Chen, W; Chen, YW; Fu, QH; Gao, SL; Guo, CX; Huang, DB; Li, X; Liang, TB; Ma, T; Que, RS; Su, W; Tang, TY; Zhang, Q; Zhang, XC, 2020)	0.56
" However, the elderly patients suffered a higher incidence of severe adverse events (50% vs."	( The efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy in the elderly with advanced pancreatic cancer. Bai, XL; Chen, W; Chen, YW; Fu, QH; Gao, SL; Guo, CX; Huang, DB; Li, X; Liang, TB; Ma, T; Que, RS; Su, W; Tang, TY; Zhang, Q; Zhang, XC, 2020)	0.56
"Considering the high costs for developing a new anticancer agent, we used the FDA-approved drugs gemcitabine, romidepsin (is approved for T-cell lymphoma and is under clinical trial for TNBC), and cisplatin to economically formulate an efficacious and safe combination regimen."	( Formulation of a triple combination gemcitabine plus romidepsin + cisplatin regimen to efficaciously and safely control triple-negative breast cancer tumor development. Odoi, A; Pattarawat, P; Pfisterer, B; Wallace, S; Wang, HR, 2020)	1.05
" In stage two, an additional 20 patients were enrolled at a starting dose as defined in stage one, provided that in stage ≥1 objective response or ≥2 stable diseases were observed and ≤3 patients had serious adverse events (SAEs) within the first 6 weeks of treatment."	( Efficacy and safety of FOLFIRINOX as salvage treatment in advanced biliary tract cancer: an open-label, single arm, phase 2 trial. Belkouz, A; de Vos-Geelen, J; Eskens, FALM; Klümpen, HJ; Mathôt, RAA; Punt, CJA; van Gulik, TM; van Oijen, MGH; Wilmink, JW, 2020)	0.56
" One patient had a SAE during the first 6 weeks of treatment, and five patients required a dose reduction due to adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of FOLFIRINOX as salvage treatment in advanced biliary tract cancer: an open-label, single arm, phase 2 trial. Belkouz, A; de Vos-Geelen, J; Eskens, FALM; Klümpen, HJ; Mathôt, RAA; Punt, CJA; van Gulik, TM; van Oijen, MGH; Wilmink, JW, 2020)	0.56
" Of note, the molecular design of P-GEM achieved minimal accumulation in normal tissues, resulting in negligible GEM-derived adverse effects (e."	( Polymeric modification of gemcitabine via cyclic acetal linkage for enhanced anticancer potency with negligible side effects. Honda, Y; Inaba, T; Kim, J; Liu, X; Matsui, M; Nishiyama, N; Nomoto, T; Takemoto, H; Taniwaki, K; Tomoda, K; Toyoda, M; Yamada, N, 2020)	0.86
" We used the Anderson-Gill survival model to compare the risk of developing an adverse event after antibacterial prescription with time unexposed to antibacterials."	( Antibacterial Use Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Hematologic and Gastrointestinal Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Gemcitabine for Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer. Buse, JB; Corty, RW; Fine, JP; Langworthy, BW; Lund, JL; Sanoff, HK, 2020)	0.76
"Antibacterial exposure was associated with an increased risk of gemcitabine-associated, dose-limiting adverse events, including aggregate hematologic and gastrointestinal events, as well as four specific hematologic adverse events, suggesting that intratumor bacteria may be responsible for a clinically significant portion of gemcitabine metabolism."	( Antibacterial Use Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Hematologic and Gastrointestinal Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Gemcitabine for Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer. Buse, JB; Corty, RW; Fine, JP; Langworthy, BW; Lund, JL; Sanoff, HK, 2020)	1
" AuNPs as carriers of chemotherapeutics allow for reduced concentrations whilst maintaining the expected effect, and thus reducing the costs of therapy and adverse effects."	( Assessment of Anti-Tumor potential and safety of application of Glutathione stabilized Gold Nanoparticles conjugated with Chemotherapeutics. Barcinska, E; Inkielewicz-Stepniak, I; Sobczak, K; Steckiewicz, KP; Tomczyk, E; Wojcik, M, 2020)	0.56
" No unexpected severe adverse events or treatment-related deaths occurred."	( Five-year safety and efficacy data from a phase Ib study of nivolumab and chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Fujiwara, Y; Goto, Y; Horinouchi, H; Kanda, S; Nokihara, H; Ohe, Y; Tamura, T; Yamamoto, N; Yamamoto, T, 2020)	0.56
" Data of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), 1-year survival rate, objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and adverse events were extracted and meta-analyzed."	( Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine plus capecitabine in the treatment of advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Li, PC; Lin, GH; Wang, BC; Xiao, BY, 2020)	0.87
" No toxic death was observed."	( Safety and Efficacy of Gemcitabine, Docetaxel, Capecitabine, Cisplatin as Second-line Therapy for Advanced Pancreatic Cancer After FOLFIRINOX. Bengrine, L; Fumet, JD; Ghiringhelli, F; Granconato, L; Hennequin, A; Palmier, R; Vincent, J, 2020)	0.87
" However, hematological toxicity is a major side effect of GC therapy in patients with UC."	( Risk Associated with Severe Hematological Toxicity in Patients with Urothelial Cancer Receiving Combination Chemotherapy of Gemcitabine and Cisplatin. Fujimiya, T; Kurihara, T; Nagatani, A; Ogawa, Y; Sasaki, H; Sasaki, T; Sunaga, T; Takahashi, N; Watanabe, T; Yamagishi, M, 2020)	0.76
" The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were fatigue (75."	( Safety and Efficacy of Andecaliximab (GS-5745) Plus Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Results from a Phase I Study. Bendell, J; Berlin, J; Bhargava, P; Brachmann, CB; Chaves, J; Gordon, M; Khan, SA; Liu, J; Patel, MR; Shah, MA; Sharma, S; Starodub, A; Thai, D; Wainberg, ZA; Windsor, KS; Zavodovskaya, M, 2020)	0.81
" However, whether adverse events (AEs) during AC influence the prognosis of patients with resected PDAC who do or do not receive NAC remains uncertain."	( Impact of adverse events of adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapies on outcomes of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Aoki, T; Iso, Y; Kubota, K; Matsumoto, T; Mori, S; Park, KH; Sakuraoka, Y; Shimizu, T; Shiraki, T; Yamaguchi, T, 2021)	0.62
" Treatment response, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events were assessed during the follow-up."	( Drug-eluting bead bronchial arterial chemoembolization vs. chemotherapy in treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer: comparison of treatment efficacy, safety and quality of life. Bao, PT; Lin, H; Liu, XF; Mu, M; Pan, P; Tian, FF; Wang, Q; Zhang, R; Zhao, WG, 2021)	0.62
" Furthermore, two groups all exhibited mild and tolerable adverse events."	( Drug-eluting bead bronchial arterial chemoembolization vs. chemotherapy in treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer: comparison of treatment efficacy, safety and quality of life. Bao, PT; Lin, H; Liu, XF; Mu, M; Pan, P; Tian, FF; Wang, Q; Zhang, R; Zhao, WG, 2021)	0.62
" (20%) terminated S-1 due to adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of S-1 following gemcitabine with cisplatin for advanced biliary tract cancer. Andoh, A; Fukutomi, A; Fushiki, K; Hamauchi, S; Inoue, H; Kawakami, T; Machida, N; Onozawa, Y; Shirasu, H; Todaka, A; Tsushima, T; Yamazaki, K; Yasui, H; Yokota, T, 2021)	0.89
" Overall survival, overall response rate, incidence of acute and late toxicity, and adverse events are the minor endpoints."	( Efficacy and safety of two different adjuvant chemotherapy regimens in combination with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in treating patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A protocol for randomized controlled trial. Cui, J; Pan, LX; Tan, HF; Xiao, Z; Zhang, LL, 2021)	0.62
"Current available therapies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) provide minimal overall survival benefits and cause severe adverse effects."	( Novel Seleno-Aspirinyl Compound AS-10 Induces Apoptosis, G1 Arrest of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells, Inhibits Their NF-κB Signaling, and Synergizes with Gemcitabine Cytotoxicity. Amin, S; K Pandey, M; Karelia, DN; Kim, S; Lu, J; Plano, D; Sharma, AK, 2021)	0.82
" The best tumor response, overall survival (OS), and adverse events in each group were compared."	( Safety and Efficacy of Gemcitabine Plus Nab-Paclitaxel for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Patients Undergoing Biliary Stent Placement. Ibusuki, M; Inoue, T; Ito, K; Kimoto, S; Kitano, R; Kobayashi, Y; Nakade, Y; Ohashi, T; Sakamoto, K; Sumida, Y; Yoneda, M, 2022)	1.03
" However, careful management and appropriate reintervention to treat biliary tract-related adverse events are required."	( Safety and Efficacy of Gemcitabine Plus Nab-Paclitaxel for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Patients Undergoing Biliary Stent Placement. Ibusuki, M; Inoue, T; Ito, K; Kimoto, S; Kitano, R; Kobayashi, Y; Nakade, Y; Ohashi, T; Sakamoto, K; Sumida, Y; Yoneda, M, 2022)	1.03
" The endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), distant failure-free survival (DMFS), locoregional failure-free survival (LRFFS) and treatment-related adverse events (AEs)."	( The safety and efficacy of gemcitabine and cisplatin (GP)-based induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Jia, Z; Tang, M; Zhang, J, 2022)	1.02
" Moreover, the incidence of adverse events of all grades (RR = 1."	( A meta-analysis comparing the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine plus cisplatin induction chemotherapy in patients with locoregionally advanced NPC. Kang, W; Li, Y; Liao, J; Xiao, L, 2022)	0.97
" Three patients experienced grade 3 adverse events."	( Efficacy and Safety of Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin as Potential Preoperative Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Intrahepatic, Perihilar, and Mid-Cholangiocarcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Belkouz, A; Besselink, MG; Busch, OR; Erdmann, JI; Franken, LC; Klümpen, HJ; Nooijen, LE; Oulad Abdennabi, I; Swijnenburg, RJ, 2021)	0.93
"Gem/cis may be a safe and feasible preoperative treatment in initially unresectable locally advanced or borderline resectable cholangiocarcinoma."	( Efficacy and Safety of Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin as Potential Preoperative Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Intrahepatic, Perihilar, and Mid-Cholangiocarcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Belkouz, A; Besselink, MG; Busch, OR; Erdmann, JI; Franken, LC; Klümpen, HJ; Nooijen, LE; Oulad Abdennabi, I; Swijnenburg, RJ, 2021)	0.93
" This potential adverse event should be considered when all common causes of persistent vasoplegia are ruled out, such as shock related to bleeding, infection, allergic reaction, or pulmonary embolic phenomenon."	( Persistent Postoperative Vasoplegia After Ureteronephrectomy Due To Suspected Intravesical Gemcitabine Toxicity. Bohorquez, MA; Carr, ZJ; Yan, L, 2021)	0.84
" Ten patients (4 in Arm 1, 6 in Arm 2) experienced ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs)."	( The safety, tolerability, and efficacy of a neoadjuvant gemcitabine intravesical drug delivery system (TAR-200) in muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients: a phase I trial. Aron, M; Brummelhuis, ISG; Chau, A; Cutie, CJ; Daneshmand, S; Keegan, KA; Maffeo, JC; Pohar, KS; Raybold, B; Reynolds, DL; Steinberg, GD; Witjes, JA, 2022)	0.97
"Controlled intravesical gemcitabine release via TAR-200 was safe and well tolerated in patients with MIBC."	( The safety, tolerability, and efficacy of a neoadjuvant gemcitabine intravesical drug delivery system (TAR-200) in muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients: a phase I trial. Aron, M; Brummelhuis, ISG; Chau, A; Cutie, CJ; Daneshmand, S; Keegan, KA; Maffeo, JC; Pohar, KS; Raybold, B; Reynolds, DL; Steinberg, GD; Witjes, JA, 2022)	1.27
" Pooled analyses for progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events (TRAEs) were undertaken."	( Efficacy and safety of FOLFIRINOX as second-line chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer after gemcitabine-based therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Li, X; Lu, W; Tang, K; Wang, L, 2022)	0.94
" However, grade 3/4 adverse events were more frequently reported in patients administered FOLFIRINOX compared with the other three regimens."	( Efficacy and safety of FOLFIRINOX as second-line chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer after gemcitabine-based therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Li, X; Lu, W; Tang, K; Wang, L, 2022)	0.94
" Patient-related side effects measured by CTCAE (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events)version 5 showed that the BCG group had higher toxicity profile as compared to Gem/Doce group."	( Quality of Life, Efficacy, and Safety of Sequential Intravesical Gemcitabine + Docetaxel versus BCG for Non-Muscle Invasive Urinary Bladder Cancer: A Pilot Study. Kumar, S; Pareek, T; Parmar, K; Sharma, AP, 2022)	0.96
" In a fimaporfin dose-escalation phase I clinical study, we administered PCI with gemcitabine in patients with perihilar CCA (n = 16) to establish a safe and tolerable fimaporfin dose and to get early signals of efficacy."	( Photochemical Internalization of Gemcitabine Is Safe and Effective in Locally Advanced Inoperable Cholangiocarcinoma. Dechêne, A; Finnesand, L; Hoffmeister, A; Høgset, A; Jakobs, R; Jürgensen, C; Kasper, S; Neu, B; Olivecrona, H; Palmer, D; Schirra, J; Selbo, PK; Sturgess, R; Trojan, J; Walday, P, 2022)	1.23
"Photochemical internalization with gemcitabine was found to be safe and resulted in encouraging response and survival rates in patients with unresectable perihilar CCA."	( Photochemical Internalization of Gemcitabine Is Safe and Effective in Locally Advanced Inoperable Cholangiocarcinoma. Dechêne, A; Finnesand, L; Hoffmeister, A; Høgset, A; Jakobs, R; Jürgensen, C; Kasper, S; Neu, B; Olivecrona, H; Palmer, D; Schirra, J; Selbo, PK; Sturgess, R; Trojan, J; Walday, P, 2022)	1.28
" The incidence of severe adverse events was higher with GnP than with Gem; however, the difference was not significant."	( Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Gemcitabine plus Nab-Paclitaxel versus Gemcitabine Alone in Older Adults with Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer. Arima, S; Doi, K; Furuse, J; Hayashi, H; Higuchi, H; Hisano, T; Imaoka, H; Ishii, H; Ishii, S; Kawabe, K; Kitano, Y; Kobayashi, S; Kojima, Y; Maruki, Y; Misumi, T; Miwa, H; Nagano, H; Naganuma, A; Nakashima, K; Okano, N; Ozaka, M; Shioji, K; Suzuki, M; Suzuki, R; Tanaka, K; Todaka, A; Tsuji, K; Tsumura, H; Ueno, M; Umemoto, K; Yamaguchi, H; Yamashita, T, 2022)	0.99
"GnP is more efficacious than Gem in patients aged ≥76 years with uPC despite demonstrating a higher incidence of severe adverse events."	( Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Gemcitabine plus Nab-Paclitaxel versus Gemcitabine Alone in Older Adults with Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer. Arima, S; Doi, K; Furuse, J; Hayashi, H; Higuchi, H; Hisano, T; Imaoka, H; Ishii, H; Ishii, S; Kawabe, K; Kitano, Y; Kobayashi, S; Kojima, Y; Maruki, Y; Misumi, T; Miwa, H; Nagano, H; Naganuma, A; Nakashima, K; Okano, N; Ozaka, M; Shioji, K; Suzuki, M; Suzuki, R; Tanaka, K; Todaka, A; Tsuji, K; Tsumura, H; Ueno, M; Umemoto, K; Yamaguchi, H; Yamashita, T, 2022)	0.99
" Treatment-related adverse events were less frequent in the PD-1 inhibitor group than in the carboplatin-gemcitabine group (57."	( The efficacy and safety of first-line treatment in cisplatin-ineligible advanced upper tract urothelial carcinoma patients: a comparison of PD-1 inhibitor and carboplatin plus gemcitabine chemotherapy. Bao, Y; Cai, M; Chen, M; Chen, Z; Fu, C; Guo, J; Hu, H; Huang, J; Huang, Z; Jiang, S; Li, C; Su, R; Wang, Z; Wei, Q; Xue, W; Yuan, Y; Zheng, B, 2022)	1.13
"We analyzed the incidence, time to first onset, and time to resolution for adverse events that require special attention and other selected toxicities in the nal-IRI combination group (n = 46)."	( Liposomal irinotecan with fluorouracil and leucovorin after gemcitabine-based therapy in Japanese patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer: additional safety analysis of a randomized phase 2 trial. Furuse, J; Furuya, M; Ikeda, M; Ioka, T; Okusaka, T; Teng, Z; Ueno, M, 2023)	1.15
"3%) were the most commonly reported treatment-emergent adverse events, with a median time to onset of 21."	( Liposomal irinotecan with fluorouracil and leucovorin after gemcitabine-based therapy in Japanese patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer: additional safety analysis of a randomized phase 2 trial. Furuse, J; Furuya, M; Ikeda, M; Ioka, T; Okusaka, T; Teng, Z; Ueno, M, 2023)	1.15
" Although the treatment-emergent adverse events occurred were controllable, patients with prolonged toxicities should be closely managed."	( Liposomal irinotecan with fluorouracil and leucovorin after gemcitabine-based therapy in Japanese patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer: additional safety analysis of a randomized phase 2 trial. Furuse, J; Furuya, M; Ikeda, M; Ioka, T; Okusaka, T; Teng, Z; Ueno, M, 2023)	1.15
" CP and CG were compared in terms of progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and incidence of adverse events (AEs)."	( Efficacy and Safety of First-line Carboplatin-paclitaxel and Carboplatin-gemcitabine in Patients With Advanced Triple-negative Breast Cancer: A Monocentric, Retrospective Comparison. Bianchi, GV; Cantarelli, B; Capri, G; de Braud, F; Depretto, C; Fucà, G; Leporati, R; Ligorio, F; Lobefaro, R; Manoukian, S; Mariani, L; Peverelli, G; Presti, D; Pruneri, G; Rametta, A; Scaperrotta, G; Vernieri, C; Vingiani, A; Zattarin, E, 2023)	1.14
" The outcomes of interest were risk of recurrence, progression, treatment-related adverse events, and discontinuation."	( The efficacy and safety outcomes of lower dose BCG compared to intravesical chemotherapy in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A network meta-analysis. Araki, M; Babjuk, M; Bekku, K; Chlosta, M; Kawada, T; Laukhtina, E; Pradere, B; Shariat, SF; Teoh, JY; von Deimling, M; Yanagisawa, T, 2023)	0.91
" Acute toxicity was assessed (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) weekly during radiotherapy and at 10 weeks after the start of treatment."	( Acute Toxicity of Hypofractionated and Conventionally Fractionated (Chemo)Radiotherapy Regimens for Bladder Cancer: An Exploratory Analysis from the RAIDER Trial. Alonzi, R; Birtle, A; Cheung, KC; Choudhury, A; Foroudi, F; Gribble, H; Griffin, C; Hafeez, S; Hall, E; Henry, A; Hilman, S; Hindson, B; Huddart, R; Lewis, R; McLaren, DB; McNair, H; Muthukumar, D; Nikapota, A; Olorunfemi, A; Omar, A; Parikh, O; Philipps, L; Rimmer, Y; Syndikus, I; Tolentino, A; Varughese, M; Vassallo-Bonner, C; Webster, A, 2023)	0.91
"Grade 2+ acute adverse events are common."	( Acute Toxicity of Hypofractionated and Conventionally Fractionated (Chemo)Radiotherapy Regimens for Bladder Cancer: An Exploratory Analysis from the RAIDER Trial. Alonzi, R; Birtle, A; Cheung, KC; Choudhury, A; Foroudi, F; Gribble, H; Griffin, C; Hafeez, S; Hall, E; Henry, A; Hilman, S; Hindson, B; Huddart, R; Lewis, R; McLaren, DB; McNair, H; Muthukumar, D; Nikapota, A; Olorunfemi, A; Omar, A; Parikh, O; Philipps, L; Rimmer, Y; Syndikus, I; Tolentino, A; Varughese, M; Vassallo-Bonner, C; Webster, A, 2023)	0.91
" None of the patients discontinued the study due to adverse events."	( Safety and efficacy of trastuzumab biosimilar plus irinotecan or gemcitabine in patients with previously treated HER2 (ERBB2)-positive non-breast/non-gastric solid tumors: a phase II basket trial with circulating tumor DNA analysis. Ahn, JH; Chun, SM; Hong, YS; Hyung, J; Jang, JP; Jeon, S; Jeong, JH; Jun, HR; Jung, CK; Kim, J; Kim, JE; Kim, TW; Lee, JY; Yoo, C; Yoon, S, 2023)	1.15
"Trastuzumab plus irinotecan or gemcitabine was safe and feasible for patients with previously treated HER2-positive advanced solid tumors with modest efficacy outcomes, and ctDNA analysis was useful for detecting HER2 amplification."	( Safety and efficacy of trastuzumab biosimilar plus irinotecan or gemcitabine in patients with previously treated HER2 (ERBB2)-positive non-breast/non-gastric solid tumors: a phase II basket trial with circulating tumor DNA analysis. Ahn, JH; Chun, SM; Hong, YS; Hyung, J; Jang, JP; Jeon, S; Jeong, JH; Jun, HR; Jung, CK; Kim, J; Kim, JE; Kim, TW; Lee, JY; Yoo, C; Yoon, S, 2023)	1.43
" The PFS, ORR, and incidence of severe adverse events were comparable between the GS and GnP groups."	( Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine plus S-1 Bai, C; Cheng, Y; Tang, H; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Ying, J; Zhu, Z, 2023)	1.22
"Bevacizumab, Ovarian cancer, Platinum-based chemotherapy, Tolerability, Adverse clinical events."	( Efficacy and Safety of Combined Chemotherapy Regimens with Bevacizumab in Platinum-sensitive Ovarian Cancers. Ates, O; Buyukkor, M; Tay, F, 2023)	0.91
" These toxic effects were further exacerbated with combination administration."	( SIRT3-dependent mitochondrial redox homeostasis mitigates CHK1 inhibition combined with gemcitabine treatment induced cardiotoxicity in hiPSC-CMs and mice. Bao, YL; Chen, JW; Du, C; Gu, AH; Gu, LF; Ji, Y; Jiang, QQ; Shan, TK; Sun, CQ; Wang, H; Wang, LS; Wang, QM; Wang, SB; Wei, TW; Xie, LP; Yang, TT; Zhou, LH, 2023)	1.13
"Antineoplastic drugs are among the most toxic pharmaceuticals."	( Hazard assessment of antineoplastic drugs and metabolites using cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays. Francisco, LFV; Gomes, INF; Klein, MO; Reis, RM; Serrano, SV; Silveira, HCS, )	0.13

Pharmacokinetics

The anticancer potential of gemcitabine, a nucleoside analog, is compromised due to the enzymatic degradation into inactive form. A population pharmacokinetic model that included CDA genotypes was successfully constructed. The pharmacodynamic model developed provides a quantitative, mechanistic interpretation of gem citabine efficacy in 3 pancreatic cancer cell lines.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The pharmacokinetic behavior of dFdC was compared with that of sera-C or BH-AC (N4-behenoyl ara-C) using experimental animals."	( [Pharmacokinetic studies of dFdC (2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine), ara-C and BH-AC (N4-behenoyl ara-C) in experimental animals]. Fujita, H; Okamoto, M, 1992)	0.28
" Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the initial tumor uptake of dFdC was flow limited, and a significant inverse correlation between the geometric FR and initial drug uptake was found."	( Intratumor pharmacokinetics, flow resistance, and metabolism during gemcitabine infusion in ex vivo perfused human small cell lung cancer. Brown, TJ; Jain, RK; Kristjansen, PE; Shipley, LA, 1996)	0.53
"The long intracellular half-life of gemcitabine's active metabolite, difluorodeoxycytidine triphosphate (dFdCTP), suggested that small increases in peak intracellular dFdCTP levels would have a profound effect on its intracellular area under the curve (AUC)."	( Clinical results of a pharmacodynamically-based strategy for higher dosing of gemcitabine in patients with solid tumors. Abbruzzese, JL; Gravel, D; Plunkett, W; Raber, MN; Touroutoglou, N, 1998)	0.8
"To determine possible schedule dependent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between gemcitabine (2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine, dFdC) and cisplatin (cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum, CDDP) in patients with advanced stage solid tumors in a phase I trial."	( Pharmacokinetic schedule finding study of the combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with solid tumors. Kroep, JR; Peters, GJ; Pinedo, HM; Postmus, PE; van der Vijgh, WJ; van Groeningen, CJ; van Moorsel, CJ; Veerman, G; Vermorken, JB; Voorn, DA, 1999)	0.76
"To assess possible pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between gemcitabine and paclitaxel in a phase I/II study in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients."	( Gemcitabine and paclitaxel: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Beijnen, JH; Giaccone, G; Kroep, JR; Peters, GJ; Pinedo, HM; Postmus, PE; Rosing, H; Smit, EF; van Groeningen, CJ; van Moorsel, CJ; Voorn, DA, 1999)	1.98
" The aim of this phase II study was to determine the efficacy, toxicity, and pharmacokinetic profile of gemcitabine administered with doxorubicin as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic breast cancer."	( Gemcitabine in combination with doxorubicin in advanced breast cancer: final results of a phase II pharmacokinetic trial. Alba, E; García-Conde, J; Khayat, D; Lluch, A; Moreno-Nogueira, JA; Palomero, M; Pérez-Manga, G; Rivelles, N, 2000)	1.96
" Blood samples were drawn on day 8 of cycles 1, 2, and 3 and of subsequent odd cycles for gemcitabine pharmacokinetic determinations and before and after the first dose of cycle 1 or 2 for doxorubicin determinations."	( Gemcitabine in combination with doxorubicin in advanced breast cancer: final results of a phase II pharmacokinetic trial. Alba, E; García-Conde, J; Khayat, D; Lluch, A; Moreno-Nogueira, JA; Palomero, M; Pérez-Manga, G; Rivelles, N, 2000)	1.97
" There were no apparent pharmacokinetic differences among the three groups or compared with historical controls."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic trial of gemcitabine in patients with hepatic or renal dysfunction: Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9565. Budman, D; Byrd, J; Egorin, MJ; Hawkins, M; Hohl, R; Hollis, D; Mani, S; Meropol, NJ; Ratain, MJ; Rosner, GL; Venook, AP, 2000)	0.58
"To evaluate the maximum-tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), and pharmacokinetic profile of vesnarinone given once daily in combination with gemcitabine."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the differentiating agent vesnarinone in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced cancer. Drengler, RL; Eckhardt, SG; Felton, SA; Garner, AM; Hammond, LA; Hidalgo, M; Mallikaarjun, S; Patnaik, A; Rowinsky, EK; Siu, LL; Tammara, BK; Von Hoff, DD, 2000)	0.72
" Pharmacokinetic studies of vesnarinone revealed significant interpatient variability at any given dose level."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the differentiating agent vesnarinone in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced cancer. Drengler, RL; Eckhardt, SG; Felton, SA; Garner, AM; Hammond, LA; Hidalgo, M; Mallikaarjun, S; Patnaik, A; Rowinsky, EK; Siu, LL; Tammara, BK; Von Hoff, DD, 2000)	0.53
" There is no evidence of pharmacokinetic interaction between vesnarinone and gemcitabine."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the differentiating agent vesnarinone in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced cancer. Drengler, RL; Eckhardt, SG; Felton, SA; Garner, AM; Hammond, LA; Hidalgo, M; Mallikaarjun, S; Patnaik, A; Rowinsky, EK; Siu, LL; Tammara, BK; Von Hoff, DD, 2000)	0.75
" Pharmacokinetic studies of gemcitabine have been performed in both adults and children but to date there have been no detailed studies of its penetration into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)."	( Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine after intravenous administration in nonhuman primates. Aleksic, A; Berg, SL; Blaney, S; Dauser, R; Egorin, MJ; Kerr, JZ; McGuffey, L; Nuchtern, J, 2001)	0.86
"To determine the maximum tolerated duration of infusions at the fixed gemcitabine dose rate of 10 mg/m(2)/min and to analyze the pharmacodynamic actions in leukemia blasts during gemcitabine therapy."	( Prolonged infusion of gemcitabine: clinical and pharmacodynamic studies during a phase I trial in relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia. Ayres, M; Du, M; Estey, EH; Gandhi, V; Plunkett, W, 2002)	0.86
" Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic investigations were undertaken in circulating AML blasts."	( Prolonged infusion of gemcitabine: clinical and pharmacodynamic studies during a phase I trial in relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia. Ayres, M; Du, M; Estey, EH; Gandhi, V; Plunkett, W, 2002)	0.63
" The favorable toxicity profile and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features warrant combination with DNA-damaging agents."	( Prolonged infusion of gemcitabine: clinical and pharmacodynamic studies during a phase I trial in relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia. Ayres, M; Du, M; Estey, EH; Gandhi, V; Plunkett, W, 2002)	0.63
"Our results demonstrate a large pharmacokinetic advantage of intrathecal gemcitabine and support a planned Phase I clinical trial of this dosing strategy."	( Pharmacokinetics of intrathecal gemcitabine in nonhuman primates. Balis, FM; Berg, SL; Blaney, SM; Egorin, MJ; Kerr, JZ; McCully, CM; Zuhowski, EG, 2002)	0.83
"The objectives of this study were to investigate the disposition of gemcitabine, epirubicin, paclitaxel, 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine and epirubicinol, and characterize the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of treatment in patients with breast cancer."	( Gemcitabine, epirubicin and paclitaxel: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions in advanced breast cancer. Conte, PF; Danesi, R; Del Tacca, M; Donati, S; Fogli, S; Gennari, A, 2002)	1.99
"The aim of this study was to determine the toxicity profile, the recommended dose (RD) and the pharmacokinetic parameters, and to evaluate the antitumor activity of gemcitabine combined with oxaliplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and ovarian carcinoma (OC)."	( Phase I-II and pharmacokinetic study of gemcitabine combined with oxaliplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and ovarian carcinoma. Armand, JP; Faivre, S; Kayitalire, L; Le Chevalier, T; Lhommé, C; Lokiec, F; Monnerat, C; Novello, S; Pautier, P; Raymond, E; Ruffié, P; Taieb, J, 2002)	0.78
" The pharmacokinetic study revealed no significant interaction between the two drugs."	( A dose-escalation and pharmacokinetic study of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors. Agelaki, S; Androulakis, N; Georgoulias, V; Kakolyris, S; Kalbakis, K; Kouroussis, C; Marselos, M; Mavroudis, D; Nikolaidou, M; Pappas, P; Samonis, G; Souglakos, J; Vardakis, N, 2003)	0.58
"For gemcitabine, the maximal plasma concentration, terminal half-life (t(1/2)) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) were similar to those reported for patients with normal renal function."	( Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine in a patient with end-stage renal disease: effective clearance of its main metabolite by standard hemodialysis treatment. Ehninger, G; Franz, T; Gross, P; Haufe, T; Kiani, A; Köhne, CH; Passauer, J; Schleyer, E, 2003)	1.2
" The pharmacokinetic data suggest that dose adjustment of gemcitabine should be avoided to ensure its full cytotoxic activity, and that hemodialysis treatment should be initiated 6-12 h after its administration to minimize the potential side effects of the metabolite dFdU."	( Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine in a patient with end-stage renal disease: effective clearance of its main metabolite by standard hemodialysis treatment. Ehninger, G; Franz, T; Gross, P; Haufe, T; Kiani, A; Köhne, CH; Passauer, J; Schleyer, E, 2003)	0.89
" We designed this pharmacokinetic study to assess the ability of a fixed dose rate of gemcitabine to achieve the desired steady-state concentration in the absence and presence of paclitaxel in patients with solid tumors."	( Gemcitabine pharmacokinetics and interaction with paclitaxel in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Faucette, SR; Gillenwater, HH; Hawke, RL; Lindley, C; Pescatore, SL; Shord, SS; Socinski, MA, 2003)	1.98
"Of 13 patients included in the pharmacokinetic analysis, 61% achieved the desired steady-state concentration (C(ss)) with gemcitabine alone (C1D1), whereas only 0 to 45% of patients achieved the desired C(ss) with paclitaxel and gemcitabine, depending on the treatment cycle."	( Gemcitabine pharmacokinetics and interaction with paclitaxel in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Faucette, SR; Gillenwater, HH; Hawke, RL; Lindley, C; Pescatore, SL; Shord, SS; Socinski, MA, 2003)	1.97
"Gemcitabine plasma pharmacokinetic parameters are significantly altered in the presence of paclitaxel."	( Gemcitabine pharmacokinetics and interaction with paclitaxel in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Faucette, SR; Gillenwater, HH; Hawke, RL; Lindley, C; Pescatore, SL; Shord, SS; Socinski, MA, 2003)	3.2
"To evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters, efficacy and toxicity of a combination of gemcitabine (GEM) and vinorelbine (VNB) in recurrent heavily pre-treated squamous cell head and neck carcinoma."	( Gemcitabine and vinorelbine in recurrent head and neck cancer: pharmacokinetic and clinical results. Airoldi, M; Bumma, C; Cattel, L; Cortesina, G; Gabriele, P; Giordano, C; Novello, S; Passera, R; Pedani, F, )	1.8
" Pharmacokinetic investigations were performed on 9 patients receiving GEM and VNB."	( Gemcitabine and vinorelbine in recurrent head and neck cancer: pharmacokinetic and clinical results. Airoldi, M; Bumma, C; Cattel, L; Cortesina, G; Gabriele, P; Giordano, C; Novello, S; Passera, R; Pedani, F, )	1.57
" Vinorelbine serum levels showed no evidence of any pharmacokinetic interaction with GEM; most of all, no rebound in VNB disposition can be produced by GEM pre-administration."	( Gemcitabine and vinorelbine in recurrent head and neck cancer: pharmacokinetic and clinical results. Airoldi, M; Bumma, C; Cattel, L; Cortesina, G; Gabriele, P; Giordano, C; Novello, S; Passera, R; Pedani, F, )	1.57
" Moreover, this drug association does not alter the pharmacokinetic profile of both drugs, also compared to GEM monotherapy."	( Gemcitabine and vinorelbine in recurrent head and neck cancer: pharmacokinetic and clinical results. Airoldi, M; Bumma, C; Cattel, L; Cortesina, G; Gabriele, P; Giordano, C; Novello, S; Passera, R; Pedani, F, )	1.57
" We investigated the use of this agent administered intravesically in pigs for histological studies of the bladder and pharmacokinetic research."	( Pharmacokinetics of intravesical gemcitabine: a preclinical study in pigs. Peters, GJ; Schalken, JA; van der Heijden, AG; Vriesema, JL; Witjes, JA, 2003)	0.6
" The study also sought to identify drug-drug pharmacokinetic interactions, evaluate effects on protein farnesylation, and seek preliminary evidence for clinical activity."	( A phase I, pharmacokinetic, and biological study of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced malignancies. Eckhardt, SG; Gentner, L; Goetz, A; Hammond, LA; Izbicka, E; McCreery, H; Mori, M; Patnaik, A; Richards, H; Rowinsky, EK; Rybak, ME; Schwartz, G; Takimoto, CH; Terada, K; Tolcher, AA; Zhang, S, 2003)	0.53
" To identify pharmacokinetic interactions, the treatment and plasma sampling schemes were designed to permit comparisons of the pharmacokinetic behavior of each agent administered alone and together."	( A phase I, pharmacokinetic, and biological study of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced malignancies. Eckhardt, SG; Gentner, L; Goetz, A; Hammond, LA; Izbicka, E; McCreery, H; Mori, M; Patnaik, A; Richards, H; Rowinsky, EK; Rybak, ME; Schwartz, G; Takimoto, CH; Terada, K; Tolcher, AA; Zhang, S, 2003)	0.53
" There was no evidence of clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interactions between tipifarnib and gemcitabine."	( A phase I, pharmacokinetic, and biological study of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced malignancies. Eckhardt, SG; Gentner, L; Goetz, A; Hammond, LA; Izbicka, E; McCreery, H; Mori, M; Patnaik, A; Richards, H; Rowinsky, EK; Rybak, ME; Schwartz, G; Takimoto, CH; Terada, K; Tolcher, AA; Zhang, S, 2003)	0.75
" We investigated the use of three dose levels of gemcitabine when given intravesically in humans for safety and pharmacokinetic research."	( Intravesical gemcitabine: a phase 1 and pharmacokinetic study. Laan, A; Peters, GJ; Schalken, JA; van der Heijden, AG; Vriesema, JL; Witjes, JA, 2004)	0.95
" Plasma concentration data were pooled and analyzed using a population pharmacokinetic program (NONMEM)."	( Gemcitabine in patients with solid tumors and renal impairment: a pharmacokinetic phase I study. Delaloge, S; Di Palma, M; Forgue, ST; Le Chevalier, T; Llombart, A; Ni, L; Tourani, JM; Turpin, F, 2004)	1.77
" Mean gemcitabine clearance and half-life values were 2140 mL/min/m(2) and 13."	( Phase I trial and pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine in children with advanced solid tumors. Ames, MM; Holcenberg, J; Krailo, MD; Kuttesch, J; Qu, W; Reid, JM; Safgren, SL; Seibel, NL, 2004)	1.08
"In this phase I study we determined the pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles of a single intravesical instillation of gemcitabine administered immediately after complete transurethral resection (TUR) plus multiple random biopsies."	( Phase I pharmacokinetic study of a single intravesical instillation of gemcitabine administered immediately after transurethral resection plus multiple random biopsies in patients with superficial bladder cancer. Carcas, A; Duque, B; Garcia-Ribas, I; Palou, J; Salvador, J; Segarra, J; Villavicencio, H, 2004)	0.77
" The favorable toxicity and pharmacokinetic profiles of intravesical gemcitabine support future phase II studies with this agent."	( Phase I pharmacokinetic study of a single intravesical instillation of gemcitabine administered immediately after transurethral resection plus multiple random biopsies in patients with superficial bladder cancer. Carcas, A; Duque, B; Garcia-Ribas, I; Palou, J; Salvador, J; Segarra, J; Villavicencio, H, 2004)	0.79
"To investigate a possible pharmacokinetic interaction between gemcitabine (GEM) and vinorelbine (VNR), when co-administered following the alternate sequences GEM-VNR and VNR-GEM."	( Gemcitabine plus vinorelbine chemotherapy regimens: a pharmacokinetic study of alternate administration sequences. Airoldi, M; Cagliero, E; Cattel, L; Goffredo, F; Passera, R; Stella, B, 2004)	2.01
"GEM serum levels showed higher Cmax and AUC(tot) in the VNR-GEM protocol than in the GEM-VNR and GEM groups."	( Gemcitabine plus vinorelbine chemotherapy regimens: a pharmacokinetic study of alternate administration sequences. Airoldi, M; Cagliero, E; Cattel, L; Goffredo, F; Passera, R; Stella, B, 2004)	1.77
" Pharmacokinetic analyses of plasma gemcitabine and pemetrexed concentrations were performed."	( A phase IB study of the pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine and pemetrexed, when administered in rapid sequence to patients with advanced solid tumors. Adjei, AA; Alberts, SR; Atherton, PJ; Burch, PA; Dy, GK; Erlichman, C; Goldberg, RM; Hanson, LJ; Pitot, HC; Reid, JM; Rubin, J; Sloan, JA; Suri, A, 2005)	0.86
" There was no pharmacokinetic interaction between the two drugs."	( A phase IB study of the pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine and pemetrexed, when administered in rapid sequence to patients with advanced solid tumors. Adjei, AA; Alberts, SR; Atherton, PJ; Burch, PA; Dy, GK; Erlichman, C; Goldberg, RM; Hanson, LJ; Pitot, HC; Reid, JM; Rubin, J; Sloan, JA; Suri, A, 2005)	0.59
" 3P97 Pharmaceutical Kinetics Software was used for the calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine in Chinese patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Cai, J; Huang, MZ; Liu, J; Shentu, JZ; Wang, LR; Xu, N, 2005)	0.65
" Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed after the first (= MONO) and after the third gemcitabine infusion (= TMAB)."	( Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine combined with trastuzumab in patients with advanced breast cancer. Czejka, M; Heinz, D; Muric, L; Ostermann, E; Schueller, J, 2005)	0.88
"2 min (TMAB) reaching a mean peak concentration of 35."	( Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine combined with trastuzumab in patients with advanced breast cancer. Czejka, M; Heinz, D; Muric, L; Ostermann, E; Schueller, J, 2005)	0.65
" Venous blood samples at different time intervals were taken throughout 270 minutes for pharmacokinetic analyses of gemcitabine and its inactive metabolite 2'-2'-difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU)."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics and metabolic pathway of gemcitabine during intravenous and intra-arterial delivery in unresectable pancreatic cancer patients. Abbas, J; Al-Kutoubi, A; Bikhazi, AB; Chehal, AA; Habbal, MZ; Khalifeh, MJ; Malaeb, LA; Mourad, FH; Shamseddine, AI, 2005)	0.79
" The aim of the study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of gemcitabine, administered intravesically in patients with carcinoma in situ(CIS)."	( Pharmacokinetic study of intravesical gemcitabine in carcinoma in situ of the bladder refractory to bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy. Bassi, P; Crucitta, E; Dal Moro, F; De Marco, V; Longo, F; Marini, L; Pinto, F; Tavolini, IM; Zucchetti, M, 2005)	0.83
" No pharmacokinetic interaction between oxaliplatin and gemcitabine was detected."	( A phase 1 and pharmacokinetic study of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in patients with solid tumors. Cebon, J; Davis, ID; de Souza, P; Galettis, P; Gan, HK; Links, M; Mitchell, PL, 2006)	0.85
" This study revealed no significant pharmacokinetic interaction between the 2 drugs in the GEM-OXA or in the OXA-GEM sequence."	( Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma: clinical and pharmacokinetic data. Airoldi, M; Cattel, L; Milla, P; Passera, R; Pedani, F; Zanon, C, 2006)	1.78
"The combination of GEM and OXA was well tolerated and showed a promising activity in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma; no sequence-dependent pharmacokinetic interaction occurred when comparing the GEM-OXA versus the OXA-GEM sequence, with a 24-hour interval."	( Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma: clinical and pharmacokinetic data. Airoldi, M; Cattel, L; Milla, P; Passera, R; Pedani, F; Zanon, C, 2006)	1.78
" Furthermore, the intracellular accumulation of the active metabolite gemcitabine triphosphate, as a surrogate pharmacodynamic endpoint, was also determined in vitro in canine melanoma cells."	( Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine and its primary metabolite in dogs after intravenous bolus dosing and its in vitro pharmacodynamics. Freise, KJ; Martín-Jiménez, T, 2006)	0.89
" No clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactions between ABT-510, gemcitabine and platinum were observed."	( A phase I study assessing the safety and pharmacokinetics of the thrombospondin-1-mimetic angiogenesis inhibitor ABT-510 with gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with solid tumors. Carr, RA; de Vos, FY; Eskens, FA; Gietema, JA; Groen, HJ; Hoekstra, R; Humerickhouse, RA; Knight, RA; Loos, WJ; Uges, DR; van der Gaast, A, 2006)	0.77
" Pharmacokinetic interactions were not observed and adding ABT-510 does not appear to increase toxicity."	( A phase I study assessing the safety and pharmacokinetics of the thrombospondin-1-mimetic angiogenesis inhibitor ABT-510 with gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with solid tumors. Carr, RA; de Vos, FY; Eskens, FA; Gietema, JA; Groen, HJ; Hoekstra, R; Humerickhouse, RA; Knight, RA; Loos, WJ; Uges, DR; van der Gaast, A, 2006)	0.54
" Herein we provide the preclinical and clinical rationale for studies examining the concept of pharmacodynamic separation as a means for overcoming hypothesized antagonism of EGFR TKIs and chemotherapy."	( Pharmacodynamic separation of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer. Davies, AM; Gandara, DR; Gumerlock, PH; Ho, C; Lara, PN; Mack, P, 2006)	0.33
"Twenty patients were enrolled for both pharmacokinetic and clinical studies."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of gemcitabine and 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate after prolonged infusion in patients affected by different solid tumors. Airoldi, M; Cattel, L; Delprino, L; Milla, P; Passera, R; Pedani, F, 2006)	0.62
" Possible pharmacokinetic interactions were studied in 10 patients, by administering on cycle 1 gemcitabine d1/oxaliplatin d2 (GEM-OXA) and on cycle 2 oxaliplatin d1/gemcitabine d2 (OXA-GEM)."	( Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in patients with metastatic breast cancer resistant to or pretreated with both anthracyclines and taxanes: clinical and pharmacokinetic data. Airoldi, M; Cattel, L; Delprino, L; Micari, C; Passera, R; Pedani, F, 2006)	1.99
" The GEM-OXA and OXA-GEM schedules showed a similar pharmacokinetic behavior, with no sequence-dependent interaction."	( Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in patients with metastatic breast cancer resistant to or pretreated with both anthracyclines and taxanes: clinical and pharmacokinetic data. Airoldi, M; Cattel, L; Delprino, L; Micari, C; Passera, R; Pedani, F, 2006)	1.78
"The combination gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin has moderate activity in anthracycline and taxanes resistant/relapsed heavily treated patients, mild toxicity and no administration sequence-dependent pharmacokinetic interactions."	( Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in patients with metastatic breast cancer resistant to or pretreated with both anthracyclines and taxanes: clinical and pharmacokinetic data. Airoldi, M; Cattel, L; Delprino, L; Micari, C; Passera, R; Pedani, F, 2006)	2.12
"We investigated the possible pharmacokinetic interactions of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors."	( Coadministration of oxaliplatin does not influence the pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine. Georgoulias, V; Marselos, M; Mavroudis, D; Nikolaidou, M; Pappas, P, 2006)	0.81
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of gemcitabine and plasma CDA activities significantly depended on the number of haplotype *3."	( Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine in Japanese cancer patients: the impact of a cytidine deaminase polymorphism. Furuse, J; Hasegawa, R; Ishii, H; Kamatani, N; Kaniwa, N; Kikura-Hanajiri, R; Kim, SR; Maekawa, K; Okusaka, T; Ozawa, S; Saijo, N; Saito, Y; Sawada, J; Sugiyama, E; Ueno, H; Yoshida, T, 2007)	0.95
"To improve the pharmacokinetic behavior and the antitumor activity of the drug, the gemcitabine prodrug, 4-(N)-stearoylgemcitabine (C18gem) was incorporated in liposomes and both the pharmacokinetic and the in vivo activity of this formulation intravenously or peritumorally administered in nude female CR1:Nu/Nu(CD-1)BR mice grafted with HT-29 and KB 396p cells were studied."	( Antitumor activity and pharmacokinetics of liposomes containing lipophilic gemcitabine prodrugs. Brusa, P; Cattel, L; Immordino, ML; Rocco, F, )	0.59
" However, the pharmacokinetic behavior of gemcitabine in the central nervous system, especially in brain tumors is currently not well understood."	( Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine in tumor and non-tumor extracellular fluid of brain: an in vivo assessment in rats employing intracerebral microdialysis. Apparaju, SK; Desai, PB; Gudelsky, GA, 2008)	0.93
" DLTs and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of all drugs were determined during the first cycle of treatment."	( A dose escalation and pharmacokinetic study of biweekly pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumours. Agelaki, S; Androulakis, N; Bozionelou, V; Georgoulias, V; Giassas, S; Kalykaki, A; Kentepozidis, N; Marselos, M; Mavroudis, D; Nikolaidou, M; Pappas, P; Vamvakas, L, 2007)	0.55
" Circulating endothelial cell numbers and CD146 and CD133 mRNA expression were evaluated as pharmacodynamic markers."	( Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of the oral protein kinase C beta-inhibitor enzastaurin in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with advanced cancer. Beerepoot, LV; Beijnen, JH; Enas, N; Mehra, N; Musib, L; Radema, SA; Rademaker-Lakhai, JM; Schellens, JH; van Hal, G; van Maanen, R; Vermaat, JS; Visseren-Grul, CM; Voest, EE; Witteveen, EO, 2007)	0.55
" This regimen is well tolerated with no significant alterations in the pharmacokinetic variables of any drug."	( Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of the oral protein kinase C beta-inhibitor enzastaurin in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with advanced cancer. Beerepoot, LV; Beijnen, JH; Enas, N; Mehra, N; Musib, L; Radema, SA; Rademaker-Lakhai, JM; Schellens, JH; van Hal, G; van Maanen, R; Vermaat, JS; Visseren-Grul, CM; Voest, EE; Witteveen, EO, 2007)	0.55
" The relationships between pharmacokinetic parameters and hematological adverse effects, as well as pharmacological effects, were examined."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of paclitaxel with carboplatin or gemcitabine, and effects of CYP3A5 and MDR1 polymorphisms in patients with urogenital cancers. Inui, K; Ito, N; Jiko, M; Kamoto, T; Masuda, S; Motohashi, H; Nakamura, E; Ogawa, O; Okuda, M; Sato, E; Segawa, T; Takahashi, K; Yano, I, 2007)	0.57
"To investigate the relationship between peak concentration (Cmax) of gemcitabine at fixed-dose-rate and its hematological toxicity profile in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."	( [Peak concentration of gemcitabine at fixed-dose-rate and its hematological toxicity profile]. Huang, MZ; Wang, LR; Zhang, GB, 2007)	0.88
"The mean value of Cmax in 21 eligible patients was(4."	( [Peak concentration of gemcitabine at fixed-dose-rate and its hematological toxicity profile]. Huang, MZ; Wang, LR; Zhang, GB, 2007)	0.65
"The results of relationship between Cmax and toxicity profile suggest that gemcitabine administration should be individualized in order to decrease the occurrence of ADR."	( [Peak concentration of gemcitabine at fixed-dose-rate and its hematological toxicity profile]. Huang, MZ; Wang, LR; Zhang, GB, 2007)	0.88
" Limited pharmacokinetic data did not suggest any clinically relevant pharmacological influence of 3-AP on gemcitabine."	( A multicenter phase II trial of 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3-AP, Triapine) and gemcitabine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with pharmacokinetic evaluation using peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Chan, AT; Goh, BC; Lam, KC; Leong, SS; Ma, B; Mo, F; Mok, T; Soo, R; Tan, EH; Wang, LZ; Zee, B, 2008)	0.77
"Gemcitabine and dfdu plasma concentration-time and clinical data from 94 patients with cancer and nonlinear mixed effect modelling were used to characterize gemcitabine and metabolite pharmacokinetic variability and identify influential covariates."	( Population pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine and its metabolite in patients with cancer: effect of oxaliplatin and infusion rate. Galettis, P; Jiang, X; Links, M; McLachlan, AJ; Mitchell, PL, 2008)	2.07
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."	( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds. Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)	0.35
" Herein, this paper brings comprehensive pharmacokinetic and biodistribution insights that may explain the previously observed greater efficacy of SQdFdC nanoassemblies against experimental leukemia."	( Squalenoylation favorably modifies the in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of gemcitabine in mice. Besnard, M; Chacun, H; Cintrat, JC; Couvreur, P; Declèves, X; Deroussent, A; Desmaële, D; Dubernet, C; Ferreira, H; Khoury, H; Laugier, C; Lepêtre-Mouelhi, S; Paci, A; Reddy, LH; Rousseau, B; Vassal, G, 2008)	0.57
"This tumor response pharmacodynamic model aims to describe primary lesion shrinkage in non-small cell lung cancer over time and determine if concentration-based exposure metrics for gemcitabine or that of its metabolites, 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine or gemcitabine triphosphate, are better than gemcitabine dose for prediction of individual response."	( A pharmacodynamic model for the time course of tumor shrinkage by gemcitabine + carboplatin in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Goh, BC; Holford, NH; Lee, HS; Lee, SC; Soo, RA; Tham, LS; Wang, L; Yong, WP, 2008)	0.77
" In conclusion, treatment with motesanib plus gemcitabine was well tolerated, with adverse event and pharmacokinetic profiles similar to that observed in monotherapy studies."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of motesanib in combination with gemcitabine for the treatment of patients with solid tumours. Lipton, L; McCoy, S; McGreivy, J; Price, TJ; Rosenthal, MA; Sun, YN, 2008)	0.85
" All patients were assessable for toxicity and pharmacokinetic analysis."	( Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine at fixed-dose rate infusion in patients with normal and impaired hepatic function. Citro, G; Cognetti, F; Colantonio, S; Contestabile, M; Di Segni, S; Felici, A; Milella, M; Nuvoli, B; Sacconi, A; Sperduti, I; Zaratti, M, 2009)	0.68
" No pharmacokinetic drug interactions were detected."	( A dose escalation and pharmacokinetic study of the biweekly administration of paclitaxel, gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors. Georgoulias, V; Kotsakis, A; Marselos, M; Mavroudis, D; Nikolaidou, M; Pappas, P; Saridaki, Z; Souglakos, J; Vardakis, N, 2009)	0.57
" Since the measurement of mRNA expression requires a very small amount of biopsy tissue and is highly quantitative, the development of a pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarker leveraging mRNA expression is eagerly anticipated in order to estimate target engagement of anti-cancer agents."	( Discovery of gene expression-based pharmacodynamic biomarker for a p53 context-specific anti-tumor drug Wee1 inhibitor. Arai, T; Hirai, H; Itadani, H; Kotani, H; Mizuarai, S; Nishibata, T; Yamanaka, K, 2009)	0.35
" On day 1 or day 8 of the first cycle, patients received one administration by 24-h intravenous infusion for pharmacokinetic comparison and to determine hepatic extraction."	( A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of gemcitabine given by 24-h hepatic arterial infusion. Giaccone, G; Honeywell, RJ; Laan, AC; Mammatas, LH; Peters, GJ; Ruyter, R; van den Berg, FG; van Groeningen, CJ; van Riel, JM, 2009)	0.62
" Pharmacokinetic analysis showed a significantly lower maximum gemcitabine plasma concentration (C(max): HAI, 26, 80 and 128 nM, respectively; IV, 229, 264 and 293 nM, respectively) and area under the plasma-concentration-versus-time curve (AUC(0-24h): HAI, 386, 1247 and 2033 nmol x h/L, respectively; IV, 3526, 4818 and 5363 nmol x h/L, respectively) during HAI, compared with intravenous infusion (both P<0."	( A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of gemcitabine given by 24-h hepatic arterial infusion. Giaccone, G; Honeywell, RJ; Laan, AC; Mammatas, LH; Peters, GJ; Ruyter, R; van den Berg, FG; van Groeningen, CJ; van Riel, JM, 2009)	0.86
"Although some studies have suggested that gemcitabine delivered as a fixed dose rate (FDR) infusion of 10 mg/m(2)/min could be more effective than when administered as the standard 30-min infusion, the available pharmacokinetic data are still too limited to draw definitive conclusions."	( Pharmacokinetic study of gemcitabine, given as prolonged infusion at fixed dose rate, in combination with cisplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Caffo, O; Cassetta, MI; Fallani, S; Galligioni, E; Marangon, E; Mini, E; Murgia, V; Nobili, S; Novelli, A; Sala, F; Zucchetti, M, 2010)	0.93
" Plasmatic and intracellular pharmacokinetic analyses were performed on blood samples collected at defined time points before, during and after gemcitabine infusion."	( Pharmacokinetic study of gemcitabine, given as prolonged infusion at fixed dose rate, in combination with cisplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Caffo, O; Cassetta, MI; Fallani, S; Galligioni, E; Marangon, E; Mini, E; Murgia, V; Nobili, S; Novelli, A; Sala, F; Zucchetti, M, 2010)	0.86
"The plasmatic pharmacokinetic parameters were clearly different when the patients received a higher gemcitabine dose in the second cycle compared to the lower dose of the first course; in the same time, the intracellular drug levels were not modified."	( Pharmacokinetic study of gemcitabine, given as prolonged infusion at fixed dose rate, in combination with cisplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Caffo, O; Cassetta, MI; Fallani, S; Galligioni, E; Marangon, E; Mini, E; Murgia, V; Nobili, S; Novelli, A; Sala, F; Zucchetti, M, 2010)	0.88
"The maximum concentration (Cmax), the area under the curve from the drug administration to the infinite time (AUCinf), and the elimination half-life (T1/2) of GEM were not significantly different between GEM administration with and without S-1."	( Plasma pharmacokinetics after combined therapy of gemcitabine and oral S-1 for unresectable pancreatic cancer. Amano, R; Hirakawa, K; Hirakawa, T; Nakao, S; Nakata, B; Okita, Y; Shinto, O; Tamura, T; Yamada, N, 2010)	0.61
" The investigation of the carrier biodistribution and the drug pharmacokinetic profile furnished the rationalization of the efficacy of the vesicular system containing the active compound 10-fold less concentrated; in fact, liposomes promoted the concentration of the drug inside the tumor and they increased its plasmatic half-life."	( Gemcitabine-loaded PEGylated unilamellar liposomes vs GEMZAR: biodistribution, pharmacokinetic features and in vivo antitumor activity. Celia, C; Cosco, D; Costante, G; Filetti, S; Fresta, M; Iannone, M; Paolino, D; Puxeddu, E; Racanicchi, L; Russo, D; Trapasso, E, 2010)	1.8
" Plasma and urine pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated non-compartmentally and compartmentally."	( Plasma pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of the 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrouridine (THU) prodrug, triacetyl-THU (taTHU), in mice. Ames, MM; Bai, L; Beumer, JH; Clausen, DM; Covey, JM; D'Argenio, DZ; Egorin, MJ; Eiseman, JL; Gilbert, JA; Hershberger, PA; Holleran, JL; Parise, RA; Yellow-Duke, AE, 2011)	0.37
"To assess in a phase II pharmacokinetic study whether different pH levels, dilution volumes and exposure times affect intracellular bioavailability and systemic absorption of gemcitabine."	( Pharmacokinetic study to optimize the intravesical administration of gemcitabine. Berta, G; Carbone, F; Cattel, L; Fiorito, C; Gontero, P; Medana, C; Milla, P; Paone, TC; Tizzani, A, 2010)	0.79
" Genetic polymorphisms of DCK and SLC29A1 (hENT1) had no significant correlation with gemcitabine pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Population pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine and its metabolite in Japanese cancer patients: impact of genetic polymorphisms. Furuse, J; Hasegawa, R; Ikeda, M; Ishii, H; Kaniwa, N; Kim, SR; Kondo, S; Morizane, C; Okusaka, T; Saijo, N; Saito, Y; Sawada, J; Sugiyama, E; Tamura, T; Ueno, H; Yamamoto, N; Yoshida, T, 2010)	0.87
"A population pharmacokinetic model that included CDA genotypes as a covariate for gemcitabine and dFdU in Japanese cancer patients was successfully constructed."	( Population pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine and its metabolite in Japanese cancer patients: impact of genetic polymorphisms. Furuse, J; Hasegawa, R; Ikeda, M; Ishii, H; Kaniwa, N; Kim, SR; Kondo, S; Morizane, C; Okusaka, T; Saijo, N; Saito, Y; Sawada, J; Sugiyama, E; Tamura, T; Ueno, H; Yamamoto, N; Yoshida, T, 2010)	0.87
" Plasma concentrations of GEM and dFdU were measured and individual pharmacokinetic profiles were determined."	( Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 genotype, cytidine deaminase activity and age predict gemcitabine plasma clearance in patients with solid tumours. Barile, C; Bolzonella, C; Bononi, A; Crepaldi, G; Gusella, M; Meneghetti, S; Menon, D; Modena, Y; Padrini, R; Pasini, F; Stievano, L; Toso, S, 2011)	0.59
" To maximize the likelihood of their clinical success, it is essential to optimize drug scheduling as well as pharmacodynamic biomarkers in preclinical models."	( Assessment of chk1 phosphorylation as a pharmacodynamic biomarker of chk1 inhibition. Arumugarajah, S; Brown, JL; Gross, M; Hassan, MC; Hylander-Gans, L; Lawrence, TS; Maybaum, J; Morgan, MA; Morosini, D; Parsels, JD; Parsels, LA; Qian, Y; Simeone, DM; Tanska, DM; Zabludoff, SD; Zhao, L, 2011)	0.37
" Potential pharmacodynamic biomarkers including pChk1, pChk2, pHistone H3, and caspase-3 were evaluated in vitro, followed by assessment of promising candidate biomarkers in vivo."	( Assessment of chk1 phosphorylation as a pharmacodynamic biomarker of chk1 inhibition. Arumugarajah, S; Brown, JL; Gross, M; Hassan, MC; Hylander-Gans, L; Lawrence, TS; Maybaum, J; Morgan, MA; Morosini, D; Parsels, JD; Parsels, LA; Qian, Y; Simeone, DM; Tanska, DM; Zabludoff, SD; Zhao, L, 2011)	0.37
"A phase I and pharmacokinetic study was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose and to establish the recommended dose of vinflunine (VFL) administered on day 1 every 21 days combined with gemcitabine given on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of IV vinflunine in combination with gemcitabine for treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer in Chemonaive patients. Bennouna, J; Favrel, S; Lemarie, E; Pinel, MC; Pouget, JC; Senellart, H; Tourani, JM; Tournoux-Facon, C, 2011)	0.79
"To develop and internally validate a population pharmacokinetic model for gemcitabine and its metabolite 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU); and to evaluate its predictive perfomance for personalizing the dosage used in cancer patients."	( [Population pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine applied to personalize the dosage used in cancer patients]. Duart-Duart, MJ; Escudero-Ortiz, V; Pérez-Ruixo, JJ; Ramón-López, A; Valenzuela, B, )	0.65
" A 2-compartment pharmacokinetic model was implemented in the NONMEN VI program to determine the appropriate pharmacokinetic parameters."	( [Population pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine applied to personalize the dosage used in cancer patients]. Duart-Duart, MJ; Escudero-Ortiz, V; Pérez-Ruixo, JJ; Ramón-López, A; Valenzuela, B, )	0.41
" Internal validation confirmed that the population pharmacokinetic model was appropriate for describing the plasma concentrations of gemcitabine and dFdU over time, as well as its variability in the study population."	( [Population pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine applied to personalize the dosage used in cancer patients]. Duart-Duart, MJ; Escudero-Ortiz, V; Pérez-Ruixo, JJ; Ramón-López, A; Valenzuela, B, )	0.62
"The population pharmacokinetic model adequately characterised the gemcitabine and dFdU plasma concentrations in the study population over time, and can be used to accurately and precisely optimise gemcitabine dosing regimens in cancer patients."	( [Population pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine applied to personalize the dosage used in cancer patients]. Duart-Duart, MJ; Escudero-Ortiz, V; Pérez-Ruixo, JJ; Ramón-López, A; Valenzuela, B, )	0.65
" The pharmacodynamic model adequately predicted the observed data."	( Pharmacodynamic modeling of sequence-dependent antitumor activity of insulin-like growth factor blockade and gemcitabine. Brundage, RC; Hull, JM; Khatri, A; Kirstein, MN; Williams, BW; Yee, D, 2012)	0.59
" In this paper, we deal with the inference of a pharmacokinetic network from the concentrations of the drug and its metabolites observed at discrete time points."	( Inferring biochemical reaction pathways: the case of the gemcitabine pharmacokinetics. Casagrande, A; Fantaccini, G; Lecca, P; Morpurgo, D; Priami, C, 2012)	0.62
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of gemcitabine pathway SNPs with detailed pharmacokinetic measures obtained from solid tumor patients receiving gemcitabine-based therapy."	( Pathway-based pharmacogenomics of gemcitabine pharmacokinetics in patients with solid tumors. Dudek, AZ; Greeno, EW; Khatri, A; Kirstein, MN; Kratzke, RA; Lamba, JK; Mitra, AK; Skubitz, KM, 2012)	0.9
" Therefore, we suggest that human skin equivalents could represent a promising tool for the identification and validation of novel pharmacodynamic biomarkers."	( Skin equivalents: a tool for the discovery and validation of pharmacodynamic biomarkers. Failla, CM; Gallinari, P; Orecchia, A; Paolini, C; Steinkühler, C; Zambruno, G, 2013)	0.39
" Pharmacodynamic activity of A(1-7) in platelet production and retention of scheduled dose intensity were also determined."	( Pharmacodynamic stimulation of thrombogenesis by angiotensin (1-7) in recurrent ovarian cancer patients receiving gemcitabine and platinum-based chemotherapy. Cruickshank, S; Delmore, JE; diZerega, GS; Drummond, L; Peterson, KJ; Pham, H; Reed, E; Rodgers, KE; Schwartz, BM, 2013)	0.6
"A 100 mcg/kg dose of A(1-7) was shown to produce pharmacodynamic effects on peripheral blood platelet counts, preserve planned dose intensity, and reduce Grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia following gemcitabine and platinum chemotherapy."	( Pharmacodynamic stimulation of thrombogenesis by angiotensin (1-7) in recurrent ovarian cancer patients receiving gemcitabine and platinum-based chemotherapy. Cruickshank, S; Delmore, JE; diZerega, GS; Drummond, L; Peterson, KJ; Pham, H; Reed, E; Rodgers, KE; Schwartz, BM, 2013)	0.79
"This phase I study of fixed dose rate (FDR) gemcitabine and carboplatin assessed the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), safety, pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) profile and preliminary anti-tumor activity in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer (OC)."	( Phase I dose-escalation study and population pharmacokinetic analysis of fixed dose rate gemcitabine plus carboplatin as second-line therapy in patients with ovarian cancer. Beijnen, JH; Huitema, AD; Leijen, S; Schellens, JH; van Werkhoven, E; Veltkamp, SA, 2013)	0.87
" Population pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation were performed to further investigate the optimal schedule."	( Phase I dose-escalation study and population pharmacokinetic analysis of fixed dose rate gemcitabine plus carboplatin as second-line therapy in patients with ovarian cancer. Beijnen, JH; Huitema, AD; Leijen, S; Schellens, JH; van Werkhoven, E; Veltkamp, SA, 2013)	0.61
" Six of the eight pharmacodynamic parameters assume the same value as in the corresponding single drug models."	( A predictive pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model of tumor growth kinetics in xenograft mice after administration of anticancer agents given in combination. Del Bene, F; Germani, M; Magni, P; Terranova, N, 2013)	0.39
" To provide a quantitative framework for characterizing the cell cycle and apoptotic effects of gemcitabine, we developed a pharmacodynamic model in which the activation of cell cycle checkpoints or cell death is dependent on gemcitabine exposure."	( Pharmacodynamic modeling of cell cycle and apoptotic effects of gemcitabine on pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Hamed, SS; Jusko, WJ; Straubinger, RM, 2013)	0.85
"The pharmacodynamic model developed provides a quantitative, mechanistic interpretation of gemcitabine efficacy in 3 pancreatic cancer cell lines, and provides useful insights for rational selection of chemotherapeutic agents for combination therapy."	( Pharmacodynamic modeling of cell cycle and apoptotic effects of gemcitabine on pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Hamed, SS; Jusko, WJ; Straubinger, RM, 2013)	0.85
" Thus, we investigated the growth-inhibitory potential of nemorosone on pancreatic cancer xenografts in NMRI nu/nu mice and determined basic pharmacokinetic parameters."	( In vivo activity and pharmacokinetics of nemorosone on pancreatic cancer xenografts. Hilger, RA; Hoheisel, JD; Holtrup, F; Werner, J; Wolf, RJ, 2013)	0.39
" Selected conjugates were efficacious in the in vitro assays with one of them, namely, GSG, displaying high antiproliferative activity in CaP cell lines along with significant metabolic and pharmacokinetic advantages in comparison to gemcitabine."	( GnRH-Gemcitabine conjugates for the treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancer: pharmacokinetic enhancements combined with targeted drug delivery. Argyros, O; Fokas, D; Karampelas, T; Kolios, G; Liapakis, G; Millar, RP; Morgan, K; Pappas, C; Sayyad, N; Spyridaki, K; Tamvakopoulos, C; Tzakos, AG, 2014)	1.1
"To define the safety, efficacy, and pharmacogenetic and pharmacodynamic effects of sorafenib with gemcitabine-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in locally advanced pancreatic cancer."	( Phase 1 pharmacogenetic and pharmacodynamic study of sorafenib with concurrent radiation therapy and gemcitabine in locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer. Akisik, FM; Anderson, S; Bu, G; Cardenes, HR; Chiorean, EG; Clark, R; Deluca, J; DeWitt, J; Helft, P; Johnson, CS; Johnston, EL; Loehrer, PJ; Perkins, SM; Sandrasegaran, K; Schneider, BP; Shahda, S; Spittler, AJ, 2014)	0.84
" No apparent pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction was observed."	( Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity of ganitumab, an investigational fully human monoclonal antibody to insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor, combined with gemcitabine as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic pancr Fukutomi, A; Gansert, J; Ikeda, M; Kobayashi, Y; Okusaka, T; Shibayama, K; Takubo, T, 2014)	0.59
" We conducted this investigation to determine whether or not the TK line is useful for pharmacokinetic study of the chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine (GEM)."	( Cholangiocarcinoma cell line TK may be useful for the pharmacokinetic study of the chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine. Akiyama, N; Akiyoshi, K; Fujioka, K; Funamizu, N; Ikeda, K; Kamada, M; Manome, Y; Watanabe, M, 2014)	0.82
" We tested a pharmacodynamic separation approach for erlotinib plus gemcitabine and interrogated EGFR signaling intermediates as potential surrogates for the efficacy of this strategy."	( Pharmacodynamic separation of gemcitabine and erlotinib in locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer: therapeutic and biomarker results. Barzi, A; Beckett, L; Burich, RA; Gong, IY; Holland, W; Hutchins, IM; Kim, EJ; Lara, PN; Lenz, HJ; Mack, P; Semrad, T; Snyder-Solis, L; Tanaka, M, 2015)	0.94
" Therapeutic drug monitoring is a valid tool to determine the pharmacokinetic of a drug and individualized drug therapy, adjusting patient's dose requirement through the measurement and interpretation of drug concentrations."	( [Clinical application, limits and perspectives of pharmacogenetic and pharmacokinetic analysis of anticancer drugs]. Chantry, AS; Ciccolini, J; Lacarelle, B; Quaranta, S, )	0.13
"We developed a prospective randomized multicenter pharmacokinetic study (ONCOPERF01) to compare the influence of three infusion techniques (gravity-fed infusion-GFI, infusion pump-IP, and gravity-fed infusion with post-administration rinsing-PAR) to assess the impact of both flow rate and post-administration rinsing on gemcitabine pharmacokinetics during three consecutive administrations."	( Influence of infusion method on gemcitabine pharmacokinetics: a controlled randomized multicenter trial. Barthélémy, C; Décaudin, B; Hebbar, M; Lemahieu, N; Michel, P; Odou, P; Pinçon, C; Romano, O; Simon, N; Vasseur, M, 2015)	0.87
" Herein, the intracellular pharmacokinetic behavior of D-luciferin was investigated in pancreatic cancer cell lines in real time by using bioluminescence imaging."	( Gemcitabine upregulates ABCG2/BCRP and modulates the intracellular pharmacokinetic profiles of bioluminescence in pancreatic cancer cells. Gu, M; Li, F; Liu, J; Sun, Y; Wei, Y; Xiong, Y; Zhu, L, 2016)	1.88
"This study investigates the combined effects of gemcitabine and trabectedin (ecteinascidin 743) in two pancreatic cancer cell lines and proposes a pharmacodynamic (PD) model to quantify their pharmacological interactions."	( Pharmacodynamic modeling of combined chemotherapeutic effects predicts synergistic activity of gemcitabine and trabectedin in pancreatic cancer cells. Jusko, WJ; Koch, G; Miao, X; Straubinger, RM, 2016)	0.91
" A pharmacokinetic evaluation of gemcitabine and its main metabolite, 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU), was conducted at the initial administration of gemcitabine, which was given by intravenous infusion over 30 min at a dose of 800-1,000 mg/m2."	( Pharmacokinetic Study of Adjuvant Gemcitabine Therapy for Biliary Tract Cancer following Major Hepatectomy (KHBO1101). Ajiki, T; Fujiwara, Y; Hamada, A; Hatano, E; Ioka, T; Kanai, M; Kobayashi, S; Minami, H; Nagano, H; Takashima, Y; Toyoda, M; Yoshimura, K, 2015)	0.98
"Thirteen patients were enrolled from August 2011 to January 2013, with 12 ultimately completing the pharmacokinetic study."	( Pharmacokinetic Study of Adjuvant Gemcitabine Therapy for Biliary Tract Cancer following Major Hepatectomy (KHBO1101). Ajiki, T; Fujiwara, Y; Hamada, A; Hatano, E; Ioka, T; Kanai, M; Kobayashi, S; Minami, H; Nagano, H; Takashima, Y; Toyoda, M; Yoshimura, K, 2015)	0.7
" Statistically significant differences between the groups were revealed for almost all analysed pharmacokinetic parameters for erlotinib and OSI420."	( The alteration of pharmacokinetics of erlotinib and OSI420 in type 1 diabetic rabbits. Grabowski, T; Grześkowiak, E; Karbownik, A; Sobańska, K; Szałek, E; Wolc, A, 2016)	0.43
"The anticancer potential of gemcitabine, a nucleoside analog, is compromised due to the enzymatic degradation into inactive form leading to the short half-life in systemic circulation."	( Long-circulatory nanoparticles for gemcitabine delivery: Development and investigation of pharmacokinetics and in-vivo anticancer efficacy. Alam, N; Gupta, M; Gupta, PN; Khare, V; Kour, S; Kumar, A; Mahajan, G; Mondhe, DM; Saxena, AK; Singh, A; Singh, G; Singh, SK, 2016)	1.01
"A method for Bayesian prediction of myelosuppression profiles during chemotherapy using a population pharmacodynamic model is proposed, and predictabilities of nadir values and times to nadir (Tnadir) after gemcitabine and carboplatin treatment were evaluated."	( Population Pharmacodynamic Model for Bayesian Prediction of Myelosuppression Profiles Based on Routine Clinical Data after Gemcitabine and Carboplatin Treatment. Chisaki, Y; Terada, T; Yano, Y, 2016)	0.83
" The effects of HYT on pharmacokinetics of the two drugs were estimated by non-compartmental analysis and pharmacokinetic modeling."	( Alterations in Pharmacokinetics of Gemcitabine and Erlotinib by Concurrent Administration of Hyangsayukgunja-Tang, a Gastroprotective Herbal Medicine. Bulitta, JB; Jeong, SW; Joo, SH; Kim, S; Kim, TH; Kwon, DR; Lee, DY; Ma, E; Park, GY; Shin, BS; Shin, S; Weon, KY; Yoo, SD, 2017)	0.73
" This well validated method was successfully applied to demonstrate the pharmacokinetic behavior and the metabolic transformation of FY363 in rats."	( Sensitive analysis and pharmacokinetic study of a novel gemcitabine carbamate prodrug and its active metabolite gemcitabine in rats using LC-ESI-MS/MS. Chang, Q; Peng, Y; Sun, J; Wang, G; Wang, W; Zhang, X; Zhou, F; Zhou, Y, 2018)	0.73
"The pharmacodynamic interactions among trifluoperazine (TFP), gemcitabine (GEM), and paclitaxel (PTX) were assessed in pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1)."	( Assessment of Three-Drug Combination Pharmacodynamic Interactions in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Jusko, WJ; Molins, EAG, 2018)	0.72
" In this study, pharmacokinetic information derived from experiments and the literature was utilized to develop full physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models that characterize individual drugs."	( Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models for gemcitabine and birinapant in pancreatic cancer xenografts. Jusko, WJ; Straubinger, RM; Trueman, S; Zhu, X, 2018)	0.72
" In this approach, we further carried out systematic pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of MBRI-001 in vitro and in vivo."	( In vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of MBRI-001, a deuterium-substituted plinabulin derivative as a potent anti-cancer agent. Cheng, H; Deng, M; Ding, Z; Dou, G; Hou, Y; Li, F; Li, W; Ma, M; Zhao, J, 2018)	0.48
" Taken together, the amino acid transporter-targeting gemcitabine prodrug, Gem-Thr, was found to be effective on pancreatic cancer cells and to offer an efficient potential means of treating pancreatic cancer with significantly better pharmacokinetic characteristics than gemcitabine."	( Synthesis of Gemcitabine-Threonine Amide Prodrug Effective on Pancreatic Cancer Cells with Improved Pharmacokinetic Properties. Fang, Z; Hong, S; Hong, SS; Jung, HY; Maeng, HJ; Yoon, JH, 2018)	1.1
" PEGylated liposomes decorated with folic acid have been investigated for several anticancer agents not only to extend plasma half-life but also for tumor targeting via folic acid receptors which overexpressed on tumor cell surface."	( Gemcitabine-loaded Folic Acid Tagged Liposomes: Improved Pharmacokinetic and Biodistribution Profile. Muddana Eswara, BR; Panduragaiah, VM; Sidramappa, MA; Unnam, S, 2019)	1.96
" The comparative in vivo pharmacokinetic and biodistribution characteristics of radiolabeled (99mTc-labeled) plain GEM solution, and all liposomal formulations (conventional:CLs; stealth: SLs; folate targeted: FTLs) were evaluated in mice model."	( Gemcitabine-loaded Folic Acid Tagged Liposomes: Improved Pharmacokinetic and Biodistribution Profile. Muddana Eswara, BR; Panduragaiah, VM; Sidramappa, MA; Unnam, S, 2019)	1.96
"We sought to examine the pharmacodynamic activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway in tumors following anticancer treatment for confirmation of target engagement."	( Evaluation of Pharmacodynamic Responses to Cancer Therapeutic Agents Using DNA Damage Markers. Barrett, AM; Chen, A; Doroshow, JH; Dull, AB; Hollingshead, MG; Kinders, RJ; Kummar, S; Lawrence, SM; Parchment, RE; Wilsker, DF, 2019)	0.51
"Because of inherent biological variability, baseline DDR biomarker levels were evaluated in a colorectal cancer microarray to establish clinically relevant thresholds for pharmacodynamic activation."	( Evaluation of Pharmacodynamic Responses to Cancer Therapeutic Agents Using DNA Damage Markers. Barrett, AM; Chen, A; Doroshow, JH; Dull, AB; Hollingshead, MG; Kinders, RJ; Kummar, S; Lawrence, SM; Parchment, RE; Wilsker, DF, 2019)	0.51
"5-2 h and had an elimination half-life of 8 h."	( Population pharmacokinetics and exposure-overall survival analysis of the transforming growth factor-β inhibitor galunisertib in patients with pancreatic cancer. Benhadji, KA; Cleverly, A; Gueorguieva, I; Lahn, MM; Macarulla, T; Melisi, D; Merz, V; Miles, C; Tabernero, J; Waterhouse, TH, 2019)	0.51
"The aim of this work is to build a mechanistic multiscale pharmacokinetic model for the anticancer drug 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine (gemcitabine, dFdC), able to describe the concentrations of dFdC metabolites in the pancreatic tumor tissue in dependence of physiological and genetic patient characteristics, and, more in general, to explore the capabilities and limitations of this kind of modeling strategy."	( Mechanistic Multiscale Pharmacokinetic Model for the Anticancer Drug 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine (Gemcitabine) in Pancreatic Cancer. Garcia-Cremades, M; Magni, P; Melillo, N; Troconiz, IF, 2020)	0.98
" To address potential concerns that iohexol administered during a course of chemotherapy impacts that therapy, we performed in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction evaluations of iohexol."	( Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction potential of iohexol, a renal filtration marker. Beumer, JH; Christner, S; Chu, E; Guo, J; Holleran, JL; Ivy, SP; Joshi, A; Kiesel, B; Miller, BM; Parise, RA; Taylor, S; Venkataramanan, R, 2020)	0.56
" Measuring GFR with iohexol to better dose carboplatin is unlikely to alter the safety or efficacy of chemotherapy through pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions."	( Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction potential of iohexol, a renal filtration marker. Beumer, JH; Christner, S; Chu, E; Guo, J; Holleran, JL; Ivy, SP; Joshi, A; Kiesel, B; Miller, BM; Parise, RA; Taylor, S; Venkataramanan, R, 2020)	0.56
" We successfully applied the validated method to the analysis of dFdC and dFdU in mouse plasma, brain, and brain tumor tissue in a preclinical pharmacokinetic study."	( LC-MS/MS method for quantitation of gemcitabine and its metabolite 2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxyuridine in mouse plasma and brain tissue: Application to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study. Davis, A; Gibson, EG; Roussel, MF; Stewart, CF; Zhong, B, 2021)	0.9
" When co-delivered with pSL, zebularine increased cellular gemcitabine concentration by 4-fold, and extended the half-life of gemcitabine in plasma by 22-fold in rats."	( Zebularine suppressed gemcitabine-induced senescence and improved the cellular and plasma pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine, augmented by liposomal co-delivery. Leung, E; Lozano Hernandez, L; Reginald-Opara, JN; Svirskis, D; Tang, M; Wang, H; Wu, Z, 2021)	1.18
"Co-delivery of curcumin with gemcitabine using PSL not only increased the intracellular gemcitabine concentration thus cytotoxicity to MIA PaCa-2 cells but also significantly improved the pharmacokinetic profiles for both drugs."	( Co-Delivery Using pH-Sensitive Liposomes to Pancreatic Cancer Cells: the Effects of Curcumin on Cellular Concentration and Pharmacokinetics of Gemcitabine. Li, Y; Paxton, JW; Wu, Z; Xu, H, 2021)	1.11
" The pharmacokinetic parameters were studied with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)."	( Building and behavior of a pH-stimuli responsive chitosan nanoparticles loaded with folic acid conjugated gemcitabine silver colloids in MDA-MB-453 metastatic breast cancer cell line and pharmacokinetics in rats. Babu, D; Gautam, M; Karuppaiah, A; Natrajan, T; Nesamony, J; Rajan, R; Ranganathan, H; Sankar, V; Selvaraj, D; Siram, K, 2021)	0.83
" The data were supplemented with pharmacokinetic data in patients included in four previously conducted clinical trials."	( Is age just a number? A population pharmacokinetic study of gemcitabine. Beijnen, JH; Boosman, RJ; Crombag, MBS; Huitema, ADR; Steeghs, N; van Erp, NP, 2022)	0.96
"In total, pharmacokinetic data were available of 197 patients, of whom 83 patients were aged ≥ 70 years (42%)."	( Is age just a number? A population pharmacokinetic study of gemcitabine. Beijnen, JH; Boosman, RJ; Crombag, MBS; Huitema, ADR; Steeghs, N; van Erp, NP, 2022)	0.96
" Age-related dose adjustments for gemcitabine based on pharmacokinetic considerations are not recommended."	( Is age just a number? A population pharmacokinetic study of gemcitabine. Beijnen, JH; Boosman, RJ; Crombag, MBS; Huitema, ADR; Steeghs, N; van Erp, NP, 2022)	1.24
" No significant changes in pharmacokinetic parameters for gemcitabine or its metabolite dFdU were observed with alisertib co-administration."	( A phase I dose escalation, dose expansion and pharmacokinetic trial of gemcitabine and alisertib in advanced solid tumors and pancreatic cancer. Chen, JA; Gandara, DR; Huynh, JC; Kelly, KL; Kim, EJ; Li, T; Mack, PC; Mahaffey, N; Martinez, A; Matsukuma, K; Riess, JW; Semrad, TJ; Tam, K; Wu, CY; Yu, AM, 2022)	1.2
"This study evaluates the herb-drug interaction between DBD's major components and gemcitabine and validates the underlying pharmacokinetic mechanism."	( Gemcitabine enhances pharmacokinetic exposure of the major components of Danggui Buxue Decoction in rat via the promotion of intestinal permeability and down-regulation of CYP3A for combination treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Chang, M; Cheng, TT; Hang, TJ; Hu, ZL; Song, M; Sun, XY; Xu, X, 2023)	2.58
"The combination of gemcitabine significantly altered the pharmacokinetic profiles of DBD's major components in rats."	( Gemcitabine enhances pharmacokinetic exposure of the major components of Danggui Buxue Decoction in rat via the promotion of intestinal permeability and down-regulation of CYP3A for combination treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Chang, M; Cheng, TT; Hang, TJ; Hu, ZL; Song, M; Sun, XY; Xu, X, 2023)	2.68

Compound-Compound Interactions

Gemcitabine (GEM) and cisplatin (CDDP) were employed as representative antineoplastic agents to observe effects of continuous low-dose chemotherapy with GEM or GEM combined with CDDP. The pharmacokinetic profile of galunisertib in combination with gem citabine was similar to that previously observe.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"To determine the maximum-tolerated dose of monthly docetaxel combined with fixed-dose weekly gemcitabine and describe the dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of the combination."	( Phase I study of docetaxel dose escalation in combination with fixed weekly gemcitabine in patients with advanced malignancies. Jones, J; Laufman, LR; Nicol, S; Rhodes, VA; Spiridonidis, CH; Wallace, K, 1998)	0.75
"Gemcitabine 800 mg/m2 days 1,8, and 15 can be safely combined with docetaxel 100 mg/m2 day 1 of a 28-day cycle."	( Phase I study of docetaxel dose escalation in combination with fixed weekly gemcitabine in patients with advanced malignancies. Jones, J; Laufman, LR; Nicol, S; Rhodes, VA; Spiridonidis, CH; Wallace, K, 1998)	1.97
" We have studied the anti-cancer effect of vesnarinone in combination with cisplatin, VP-16 (etoposide) and gemcitabine, against human lung cancer cell lines (PC-9 and Lu 134A) using the MTT assay and isobologram analysis."	( Effect of vesnarinone in combination with anti-cancer drugs on lung cancer cell lines. Fujita, M; Higashino, K; Tsuchida, T, 1999)	0.52
"This study assessed the cytotoxic effects of the nucleoside analog gemcitabine in combination with the diaminocyclohexane platinum compound oxaliplatin."	( Supraadditive effect of 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine (gemcitabine) in combination with oxaliplatin in human cancer cell lines. Cvitkovic, E; Faivre, S; Raymond, E; Woynarowski, JM, 1999)	0.79
" The aim of this study was to perform a health economic evaluation of present standard treatment (in most cases, palliative treatment in combination with best supportive care) versus palliative treatment with gemcitabine in combination with best supportive care in patients with locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma."	( Treatment of locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma in Sweden. A health economic comparison of palliative treatment with best supportive care versus palliative treatment with gemcitabine in combination with best supportive care. Ragnarson-Tennvall, G; Wilking, N, 1999)	0.68
"To investigate the schedule-dependency of 2',2'difluorodeoxycytidine (dFdC, Gemcitabine) combined with hyperthermia (HT), in vitro as well as in vivo."	( Effectiveness of 2',2'difluorodeoxycytidine (Gemcitabine) combined with hyperthermia in rat R-1 rhabdomyosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. Bakker, PJ; Beumer, C; Haveman, J; Rodermond, HM; Van Bree, C, )	0.62
"The efficacy of dFdC combined with HT is schedule-dependent both in vitro and in vivo."	( Effectiveness of 2',2'difluorodeoxycytidine (Gemcitabine) combined with hyperthermia in rat R-1 rhabdomyosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. Bakker, PJ; Beumer, C; Haveman, J; Rodermond, HM; Van Bree, C, )	0.39
" Our studies examine the ability of gemcitabine, both alone and in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, to inhibit the in vitro and in vivo growth of several prostate cancer cell lines."	( The study of gemcitabine in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents as an effective treatment for prostate cancer. Brumfield, SK; Lehr, JE; Mahoney, M; Muenchen, HJ; Pienta, KJ; Pilat, MJ; Quigley, MM, )	0.78
"The results revealed synergistic cytotoxicity when vinflunine was combined with cisplatin, mitomycin C, doxorubicin or 5-fluorouracil."	( In vitro synergistic effects of vinflunine, a novel fluorinated vinca alkaloid, in combination with other anticancer drugs. Barret, JM; Etiévant, C; Hill, BT, 2000)	0.31
" The aim of this phase II study was to determine the efficacy, toxicity, and pharmacokinetic profile of gemcitabine administered with doxorubicin as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic breast cancer."	( Gemcitabine in combination with doxorubicin in advanced breast cancer: final results of a phase II pharmacokinetic trial. Alba, E; García-Conde, J; Khayat, D; Lluch, A; Moreno-Nogueira, JA; Palomero, M; Pérez-Manga, G; Rivelles, N, 2000)	1.96
"Induction of apoptosis in vitro using gemcitabine (dFdC) in combination with cladribine (2-CdA) and other cytotoxic drugs on malignant mononuclear cells (MNCs) of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML, n=20) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL, n =20) in myeloid (HL60, HEL) and lymphatic cell lines (HUT78, JURKAT) was investigated using different incubation conditions (simultaneous and consecutive)."	( Induction of apoptosis using 2',2' difluorodeoxycytidine (gemcitabine) in combination with antimetabolites or anthracyclines on malignant lymphatic and myeloid cells. Antagonism or synergism depends on incubation schedule and origin of neoplastic cells. Boehrer, S; Chow, KU; Hoelzer, D; Mitrou, PS; Napieralski, S; Pourebrahim, F; Ries, J; Rummel, MJ; Stein, J; Stieler, M; Weidmann, E, 2000)	0.82
"To evaluate the maximum-tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), and pharmacokinetic profile of vesnarinone given once daily in combination with gemcitabine."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the differentiating agent vesnarinone in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced cancer. Drengler, RL; Eckhardt, SG; Felton, SA; Garner, AM; Hammond, LA; Hidalgo, M; Mallikaarjun, S; Patnaik, A; Rowinsky, EK; Siu, LL; Tammara, BK; Von Hoff, DD, 2000)	0.72
"Twenty-six patients were treated with oral vesnarinone once daily on a continuous schedule at doses of 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 mg in combination with intravenous (IV) gemcitabine at a dose of 1,000 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the differentiating agent vesnarinone in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced cancer. Drengler, RL; Eckhardt, SG; Felton, SA; Garner, AM; Hammond, LA; Hidalgo, M; Mallikaarjun, S; Patnaik, A; Rowinsky, EK; Siu, LL; Tammara, BK; Von Hoff, DD, 2000)	0.72
"When combined with gemcitabine, the recommended dose of vesnarinone for phase II evaluations is 90 mg orally once daily with gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) IV on days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the differentiating agent vesnarinone in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced cancer. Drengler, RL; Eckhardt, SG; Felton, SA; Garner, AM; Hammond, LA; Hidalgo, M; Mallikaarjun, S; Patnaik, A; Rowinsky, EK; Siu, LL; Tammara, BK; Von Hoff, DD, 2000)	0.85
" The present study was initiated to investigate the efficacy of gemcitabine in combination with 5-FU-FA."	( A phase II trial of gemcitabine in combination with 5-fluorouracil (24-hour) and folinic acid in patients with chemonaive advanced pancreatic cancer. Arning, M; Arnold, D; Herrenberger, J; Huhn, D; Kindler, M; Korsten, EW; Langrehr, J; Musch, R; Oettle, H; Pelzer, U; Reitzig, P; Riess, H; Stroszczynski, C, 2000)	0.87
" Herein, we describe the case of a 73-year-old woman with breast cancer metastatic to the liver, who developed noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) while on treatment with gemcitabine plus docetaxel combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) support."	( Chemotherapy-induced noncardiogenic pulmonary edema related to gemcitabine plus docetaxel combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support. Briasoulis, E; Constantopoulos, S; Froudarakis, M; Milionis, HJ; Pavlidis, N; Peponis, I, 2000)	0.74
"We conducted a single-institution phase I clinical trial to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and define the toxic effects of stealth liposomal doxorubicin in combination with gemcitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer."	( Phase I study of stealth liposomal doxorubicin in combination with gemcitabine in the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Bast, RC; Booser, D; Esteva, FJ; Esteva, FL; Hortobagyi, GN; Murray, JL; Rahman, Z; Rivera, E; Rosales, MM; Syrewicz, L; Theriault, RL; Valero, V, 2001)	0.74
" Docetaxel combined with other new agents, particularly gemcitabine, may offer another useful alternative to cisplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with good performance status."	( Challenging the platinum combinations: docetaxel (Taxotere) combined with gemcitabine or vinorelbine in non-small cell lung cancer. Douillard, JY; Eckardt, J; Georgoulias, V; Manegold, C; Miller, V; Scagliotti, G, 2001)	0.79
" Based on its favorable toxicity profile, carboplatin has supplanted cisplatin for use in combination with paclitaxel in several different tumor types."	( Gemcitabine in combination with new platinum compounds: an update. Edelman, MJ; Gandara, DR; Lara, PN; Lau, DH, 2001)	1.75
"Docetaxel in combination with gemcitabine is an active front-line chemotherapy regimen against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with acceptable toxicity."	( Docetaxel in combination with gemcitabine plus rhG-CSF support as second-line treatment in non-small cell lung cancer. A multicenter phase II study. Agelaki, S; Androulakis, N; Bania, E; Chainis, K; Georgoulias, V; Kakolyris, S; Kalofonos, C; Kouroussis, C; Papadakis, E; Rapti, A; Sarra, E; Toubis, M; Tsiafaki, X; Vardakis, N, 2001)	0.89
" To design successful therapeutic strategies involving compounds either alone or in combination with others, it is necessary to understand their mechanism of action."	( Cell cycle effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and enhanced growth inhibition in combination with gemcitabine in pancreatic carcinoma cells. Crowell, PL; Jung, SH; Marshall, MS; Sweeney, CJ; Yip-Schneider, MT, 2001)	0.52
" This two-step study firstly aimed at determining the maximum tolerated and recommended doses of docetaxel given every 3 weeks in combination with a fixed dose of gemcitabine; the phase I study paid particular attention to pharmacokinetics."	( Dose-finding, pharmacokinetic and phase II study of docetaxel in combination with gemcitabine in patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. Ardiet, C; Azarian, MR; Morere, JF; Pujol, JL; Quantin, X; Rebattu, P; Schuller-Lebeau, MP, )	0.55
"The following range of docetaxel dosages were tested in the phase I study; 60, 75, 85, and 100 mg m(-2) given on day 8 in combination with gemcitabine 1000 mg m(-2) delivered on days 1 and 8 of a 3-week cycle."	( Dose-finding, pharmacokinetic and phase II study of docetaxel in combination with gemcitabine in patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. Ardiet, C; Azarian, MR; Morere, JF; Pujol, JL; Quantin, X; Rebattu, P; Schuller-Lebeau, MP, )	0.56
"Gemcitabine, 1000 mg m(-2) days 1 and 8 in combination with docetaxel, 85 mg m(-2), day 8, given every 3 weeks could be considered as an active regimen with manageable toxicities in locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC."	( Dose-finding, pharmacokinetic and phase II study of docetaxel in combination with gemcitabine in patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. Ardiet, C; Azarian, MR; Morere, JF; Pujol, JL; Quantin, X; Rebattu, P; Schuller-Lebeau, MP, )	1.8
"The purpose of this study was to analyze the drug interactions of paclitaxel (PTX) with epirubicin (EPI), carboplatin (CBDCA), gemcitabine (GEM) and vinorelbine (VIN) in human breast cancer cells and compare the cytotoxic activity of each drug combination in primary breast cancer samples."	( Drug interactions and cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin, epirubicin, gemcitabine or vinorelbine in breast cancer cell lines and tumor samples. Beryt, M; Felber, M; Hepp, H; Kahlert, S; Konecny, G; Langer, E; Lude, S; Pegram, M; Slamon, D; Untch, M, 2001)	0.73
" Schedule 1 maximum tolerated dose of gemcitabine was 600 mg/m(2)/week when combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) at 200 mg/m(2)/day (Days 1-21) repeated every 4 weeks."	( Phase I study to evaluate multiple regimens of intravenous 5-fluorouracil administered in combination with weekly gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors: a potential broadly active regimen for advanced solid tumor malignancies. Bertucci, D; Mani, S; Ratain, MJ; Schilsky, RL; Stadler, WM; Vogelzang, NJ, 2001)	0.79
"For Phase II development, gemcitabine 450-600 mg/m(2) on Days 1, 8, and 15 can be safely combined with 5-FU 200 mg/m(2) given as a continuous infusion (Days 1-21) of a 28-day cycle or gemcitabine 1800 mg/m(2) Days 1 and 8 given with 5-FU 200 mg/m(2) as a continuous infusion (Days 1-14) of a 21-day cycle."	( Phase I study to evaluate multiple regimens of intravenous 5-fluorouracil administered in combination with weekly gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors: a potential broadly active regimen for advanced solid tumor malignancies. Bertucci, D; Mani, S; Ratain, MJ; Schilsky, RL; Stadler, WM; Vogelzang, NJ, 2001)	0.82
"Gemcitabine alone or in combination with cisplatin was assessed to be a cost-effective or cost-saving therapy when compared with best supportive care, standard chemotherapy regimens and novel chemotherapy combinations."	( Economic evaluation of gemcitabine alone and in combination with cisplatin in the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer. Aristides, M; Botwood, N; Lees, M; Maniadakis, N; McKendrick, J; Stephenson, D, 2002)	2.07
" The combination of gemcitabine and vinorelbine could be a useful regimen in standard clinical practice and has the potential for efficient combination with biologic/targeted therapy."	( The novel and effective nonplatinum, nontaxane combination of gemcitabine and vinorelbine in advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma: potential for decreased toxicity and combination with biological therapy. Blumenschein, G; Fossella, FV; Glisson, BS; Herbst, RS; Hong, WK; Jung, MS; Khuri, FR; Kies, MS; Kurie, JM; Lee, JJ; Lee, JS; Liu, DD; Lu, C; Lu, R; Munden, RF; Papadimitrakopoulou, VA; Pisters, KM; Shin, DM; Zinner, R, 2002)	0.88
"The aim of this study was to determine the toxicity profile, the recommended dose (RD) and the pharmacokinetic parameters, and to evaluate the antitumor activity of gemcitabine combined with oxaliplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and ovarian carcinoma (OC)."	( Phase I-II and pharmacokinetic study of gemcitabine combined with oxaliplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and ovarian carcinoma. Armand, JP; Faivre, S; Kayitalire, L; Le Chevalier, T; Lhommé, C; Lokiec, F; Monnerat, C; Novello, S; Pautier, P; Raymond, E; Ruffié, P; Taieb, J, 2002)	0.78
" This phase I study was designed to find the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of weekly cisplatin in combination with standard doses of gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m(2), 30 min) and 5-FU (750 mg/m(2), 24 h)/folinic acid (200 mg/m(2), 30 min)."	( Phase I study of gemcitabine in combination with cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid in patients with advanced esophageal cancer. Arnold, D; Hoepffner, N; Kern, M; Neuhaus, P; Oettle, H; Riess, H; Settmacher, U, 2002)	0.86
" Therefore, a phase II study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of gemcitabine combined with radiation therapy in patients with localized unresectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas."	( Phase II study of gemcitabine combined with radiation therapy in patients with localized, unresectable pancreatic cancer. Epelbaum, R; Faraggi, D; Gaitini, D; Kuten, A; Mizrahi, S; Nasrallah, S; Rosenblatt, E, 2002)	0.88
" This, combined with preclinical synergism, prompted the Gynecologic Oncology Group to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of this combination."	( Phase I escalation of gemcitabine combined with protracted oral etoposide in gynecologic malignancies: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Bookman, MA; Garcia, AA; Look, KY; Mutch, DG; Rodriguez-Rodriguez, L, 2002)	0.63
"The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose, pharmacokinetic profile, and evidence of antitumor activity of CI-994 used in combination with gemcitabine."	( Phase I study of oral CI-994 in combination with gemcitabine in treatment of patients with advanced cancer. Cunningham, CC; Eager, R; Grove, W; Mennel, R; Nemunaitis, JJ; Olson, S; Orr, D; Williams, A, )	0.58
"These data show that administration of IFN-alpha at optimal biological dose and schedule in combination with gemcitabine induced apoptosis in tumor-associated endothelial cells and decreased growth of human pancreatic cancer cells in the pancreas, leading to a significant increase in survival."	( Administration of optimal biological dose and schedule of interferon alpha combined with gemcitabine induces apoptosis in tumor-associated endothelial cells and reduces growth of human pancreatic carcinoma implanted orthotopically in nude mice. Baker, CH; Bucana, CD; Evans, DB; Fidler, IJ; Hwang, R; Killion, JJ; Pisters, PW; Solorzano, CC, 2003)	0.75
"To determine the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) of gemcitabine administered at a fixed dose-rate of 10 mg/m(2) per min in combination with fixed dose carboplatin, to evaluate the toxicity of this regimen and to determine the pharmacokinetics of plasma gemcitabine."	( Phase I trial of fixed dose-rate gemcitabine in combination with carboplatin in chemonaive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a Cancer Therapeutics Research Group study. Goh, BC; Lee, HS; Lee, SC; Lehnert, M; Lim, HL; Millward, MJ; Soo, RA; Tok, LT; Wang, LZ, 2003)	0.85
"Gemcitabine administered as a 75-min infusion at a fixed dose rate of 10 mg/m(2)/min on days 1 and 8 in combination with carboplatin on day 1 every 21 days is tolerable and active in NSCLC."	( Phase I trial of fixed dose-rate gemcitabine in combination with carboplatin in chemonaive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a Cancer Therapeutics Research Group study. Goh, BC; Lee, HS; Lee, SC; Lehnert, M; Lim, HL; Millward, MJ; Soo, RA; Tok, LT; Wang, LZ, 2003)	2.04
"The objectives of the current study were to determine the maximum tolerated dose and to evaluate the efficacy of gemcitabine given in combination with strontium-89 to patients with androgen independent prostate carcinoma."	( A Phase I/II study of strontium-89 combined with gemcitabine in the treatment of patients with androgen independent prostate carcinoma and bone metastases. Delpassand, ES; Logothetis, CJ; Millikan, RE; Pagliaro, LC; Tu, SM; Williams, D, 2003)	0.78
" To investigate the activity and toxicity of the cisplatin plus gemcitabine combination with gemcitabine at a fixed infusion rate in patients with advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), the authors conducted a randomized Phase II trial of cisplatin plus gemcitabine at the 30-minute standard infusion (calibration arm) or cisplatin plus gemcitabine at a fixed infusion rate (experimental arm)."	( Prolonged gemcitabine infusion in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma: a randomized phase II study of two different schedules in combination with cisplatin. Antimi, M; Barduagni, M; Ceribelli, A; Cognetti, F; Cortesi, E; De Marinis, F; Fabi, A; Gamucci, T; Giannarelli, D; Gridelli, C; Maione, P; Migliorino, MR, 2003)	0.96
" As single agent or in combination with chemotherapy rituximab has shown significant activity in patients with relapsing or refractory aggressive lymphomas."	( Rituximab in combination with vinorelbine/gemcitabine chemotherapy in patients with primary refractory or early relapsed T cell rich B cell lymphoma. A pilot study. Economopoulos, T; Fountzilas, G; Raptis, S; Rontogianni, D; Valsami, S; Xiros, N, 2003)	0.58
"We conducted a phase II clinical trial to determine the clinical efficacy and safety of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in combination with gemcitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer."	( Phase II study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in combination with gemcitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Adinin, R; Arun, B; Hoelzer, K; Hortobagyi, GN; Pusztai, L; Rivera, E; Royce, M; Valero, V; Wade, JL; Walters, R, 2003)	0.75
"Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in combination with gemcitabine is active and well tolerated in patients with metastatic breast cancer."	( Phase II study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in combination with gemcitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Adinin, R; Arun, B; Hoelzer, K; Hortobagyi, GN; Pusztai, L; Rivera, E; Royce, M; Valero, V; Wade, JL; Walters, R, 2003)	0.8
" This reduces the clinical applicability of this predictive assay for radiotherapy in combination with gemcitabine."	( Colour junctions as predictors of radiosensitivity: X-irradiation combined with gemcitabine in a lung carcinoma cell line. Castro Kreder, N; Franken, NA; Haveman, J; Van Bree, C, 2003)	0.76
"To assess the feasibility of administering tipifarnib, an oral nonpeptidomimetic competitive inhibitor of farnesyltransferase, in combination with gemcitabine and recommend doses for disease-directed clinical trials."	( A phase I, pharmacokinetic, and biological study of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced malignancies. Eckhardt, SG; Gentner, L; Goetz, A; Hammond, LA; Izbicka, E; McCreery, H; Mori, M; Patnaik, A; Richards, H; Rowinsky, EK; Rybak, ME; Schwartz, G; Takimoto, CH; Terada, K; Tolcher, AA; Zhang, S, 2003)	0.73
" The pharmacologic features of this drug enable its combination with other antiblastic agents, such as vinorelbine, gemcitabine, paclitaxel and docetaxel."	( Antiblastic drug combinations with ifosfamide: an update. Badalamenti, G; Fulfaro, F; Gebbia, N; Russo, A; Valerio, MR, 2003)	0.53
" In this study, one cycle of chemotherapy combined the following: ifosfamide: 3 g/m2 fixed dose (24-hour intravenous infusion) combined with mesna, day 1; gemcitabine: starting dose 1,000 mg/m2/d, escalating by 250 mg/m2 increments, days 1 and 15; cisplatin: starting dose 80 mg/m2, subsequently 100 mg/m2, day 15; in cohorts of at least 3 patients."	( Phase I study with dose escalation of gemcitabine and cisplatin in combination with ifosfamide (GIP) in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Billiart, I; Bourgeois, H; Chabrun, V; Chieze, S; Daban, A; Ferrand, V; Germain, T; Lemerre, D; Meurice, JC; Tourani, JM, 2004)	0.79
" This dose-finding phase I study was designed to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of PKC412 when combined with cisplatin-gemcitabine."	( Phase I study of PKC412 (N-benzoyl-staurosporine), a novel oral protein kinase C inhibitor, combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Berthaud, P; Faivre, S; Henriksson, R; Le Chevalier, T; Monnerat, C; Novello, S; Raymond, E, 2004)	0.74
" Gefitinib has demonstrated encouraging efficacy in advanced NSCLC in phase II trials in pretreated patients, and a phase I trial of gefitinib in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin showed favorable tolerability."	( Gefitinib in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase III trial--INTACT 1. Averbuch, SD; Fandi, A; Gatzemeier, U; Giaccone, G; Grous, J; Herbst, RS; Johnson, DH; Manegold, C; Miller, V; Natale, RB; Ochs, JS; Pluzanska, A; Rennie, P; Rosell, R; Scagliotti, G; Schiller, JH; Von Pawel, J; Wolf, MK, 2004)	0.81
"Gefitinib in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced NSCLC did not have improved efficacy over gemcitabine and cisplatin alone."	( Gefitinib in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase III trial--INTACT 1. Averbuch, SD; Fandi, A; Gatzemeier, U; Giaccone, G; Grous, J; Herbst, RS; Johnson, DH; Manegold, C; Miller, V; Natale, RB; Ochs, JS; Pluzanska, A; Rennie, P; Rosell, R; Scagliotti, G; Schiller, JH; Von Pawel, J; Wolf, MK, 2004)	0.9
" The aim was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and tolerance of mitomycin C (MMC) in combination with gemcitabine (GEM) or capecitabine (CAPE) in previously untreated patients with advanced biliary tract cancer."	( Mitomycin C in combination with capecitabine or biweekly high-dose gemcitabine in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer: a randomised phase II trial. Depisch, D; Gruenberger, T; Karall, K; Kornek, GV; Laengle, F; Lang, F; Penz, M; Scheithauer, W; Schuell, B, 2004)	0.77
"A total of 51 patients were entered in this study and randomly allocated to treatment with MMC 8 mg/m2 on day 1 in combination with GEM 2000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 15 every 4 weeks, or MMC 8 mg/m2 on day 1 plus CAPE 2000 mg/m2/day on days 1-14, every 4 weeks."	( Mitomycin C in combination with capecitabine or biweekly high-dose gemcitabine in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer: a randomised phase II trial. Depisch, D; Gruenberger, T; Karall, K; Kornek, GV; Laengle, F; Lang, F; Penz, M; Scheithauer, W; Schuell, B, 2004)	0.56
" These data provide a proof-of-principle for the clinical use of LErafAON in combination with chemotherapy for cancer treatment."	( Combination with liposome-entrapped, ends-modified raf antisense oligonucleotide (LErafAON) improves the anti-tumor efficacies of cisplatin, epirubicin, mitoxantrone, docetaxel and gemcitabine. Ahmad, I; Dritschilo, A; Gokhale, PC; Kasid, UN; Pei, J; Rahman, A; Zhang, C, 2004)	0.52
" Therefore, we conducted a phase II study of gemcitabine combined with UFT in metastatic pancreatic cancer patients and assessed the efficacy and the toxicity of the regimen."	( Phase II study of gemcitabine combined with uracil-tegafur in metastatic pancreatic cancer. Choi, SH; Heo, JS; Im, YH; Jung, CW; Kang, WK; Kim, K; Kim, WS; Lee, J; Lee, JK; Lee, KT; Lee, MH; Lee, SI; Lim, DH; Park, JO; Park, K; Song, SY, 2004)	0.92
"To develop a combination regimen for clinical testing, we performed a dose escalation study of ZD0473 in combination with gemcitabine."	( A phase I, dose escalation trial of ZD0473, a novel platinum analogue, in combination with gemcitabine. Algazy, KM; Flaherty, KT; Giatonio, B; O'Dwyer, PJ; Redlinger, M; Stevenson, JP, 2004)	0.75
"We have shown that the currently used chemotherapeutic drugs for pancreatic adenocarcinoma combined with restoration of p16(INK4A) expression hold promise for the adjuvant treatment of this disease."	( 5-Fluorouracil or gemcitabine combined with adenoviral-mediated reintroduction of p16INK4A greatly enhanced cytotoxicity in Panc-1 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Costello, E; Ghaneh, P; Greenhalf, W; Halloran, CM; Neoptolemos, JP; Shore, S; Wilson, D; Zumstein, L, 2004)	0.66
" The effectiveness of LY293111, alone and in combination with gemcitabine was investigated in a heterotopic xenograft model in athymic mice using HT29 and LoVo human colonic cancer cells."	( Effect of LY293111 in combination with gemcitabine in colonic cancer. Adrian, TE; Ding, XZ; Hennig, R; Jovanovic, BD; Tong, WG; Witt, RC, 2004)	0.83
"Bortezomib improves efficacy in combination with gemcitabine and carboplatin in NSCLC, but sequential effects are important and must be considered when developing therapeutic regimens."	( Effects of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib alone and in combination with chemotherapy in the A549 non-small-cell lung cancer cell line. Bold, RJ; Mortenson, MM; Schlieman, MG; Virudachalam, S, 2004)	0.58
"Cetuximab in combination with gemcitabine showed promising activity against advanced pancreatic cancer."	( Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor, in combination with gemcitabine for advanced pancreatic cancer: a multicenter phase II Trial. Abbruzzese, JL; Deutsch, J; LoBuglio, A; Needle, M; Rosenberg, A; Schmidt, W; Wolff, RA; Xiong, HQ, 2004)	0.83
" This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of radiotherapy combined with gemcitabine for locally advanced pancreatic cancer."	( Phase II study of radiotherapy combined with gemcitabine for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Ikeda, H; Ikeda, M; Ito, Y; Kagami, Y; Morizane, C; Okusaka, T; Takezako, Y; Ueno, H, 2004)	0.8
" Therefore, we examined transfection of the human pancreatic cancer cell line DAN-G with a retrovirus encoding for IFN-alpha and the effect of IFN-alpha gene expression alone or in combination with gemcitabine on growth inhibition of DAN-G pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo in orthotopically implanted DAN-G cells in nude mice."	( Retroviral IFN-alpha gene transfer combined with gemcitabine acts synergistically via cell cycle alteration in human pancreatic carcinoma cells implanted orthotopically in nude mice. Abraham, NG; Gorschlüter, M; Märten, A; Nagaraj, S; Sauerbruch, T; Schmidt-Wolf, IG; Strehl, J; Ziske, C, 2004)	0.77
"To evaluate the efficacy, toxicity and survival of intraoperative 125I brachytherapy combined with chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer."	( [Intraoperative 125I brachytherapy combined with chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer]. Duan, XN; Liu, YH; Shen, WJ; Wan, YL; Wang, DM; Yang, YM; Yu, SP; Zhou, G, 2004)	0.32
"Interoperative 125I brachytherapy combined with chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer can control tumor, relieve pain and improve quality of life."	( [Intraoperative 125I brachytherapy combined with chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer]. Duan, XN; Liu, YH; Shen, WJ; Wan, YL; Wang, DM; Yang, YM; Yu, SP; Zhou, G, 2004)	0.32
"LY900003 can be administered safely in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine and is associated with antitumor activity in patients with advanced NSCLC."	( A phase I/II study of LY900003, an antisense inhibitor of protein kinase C-alpha, in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Belt, R; Dow, E; Figueroa, JA; Geary, R; George, S; Holmlund, J; Leonardo, J; McCachren, S; Miller, GL; Modiano, M; Oliver, JW; Otterson, GA; Ritch, P; Valdivieso, M; Villalona-Calero, MA, 2004)	0.77
"To determine maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and evidence of antitumor activity of topotecan in combination with gemcitabine in refractory cancer patients."	( Phase I trial of topotecan in combination with gemcitabine in refractory solid tumor patients. Adams, N; Cunningham, CC; MacEachern, JB; Nemunaitis, J; Paulson, AS; Rich, D; Ruxer, RL; Vukelja, S, 2004)	0.79
"In this study we have used a standardised ATP-based tumour chemosensitivity assay (ATP-TCA) to measure the activity of gefitinib alone or in combination with different cytotoxic drugs (cisplatin, gemcitabine, oxaliplatin and treosulfan) against a variety of solid tumours (n = 86), including breast, colorectal, oesophageal and ovarian cancer, carcinoma of unknown primary site, cutaneous and uveal melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and sarcoma."	( The in vitro effect of gefitinib ('Iressa') alone and in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy on human solid tumours. Cree, IA; Di Nicolantonio, F; Glaysher, S; Johnson, P; Knight, LA; Mercer, S; Sharma, S; Whitehouse, P, 2004)	0.51
" Interestingly, gefitinib had both positive and negative effects when used in combination with different cytotoxics."	( The in vitro effect of gefitinib ('Iressa') alone and in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy on human solid tumours. Cree, IA; Di Nicolantonio, F; Glaysher, S; Johnson, P; Knight, LA; Mercer, S; Sharma, S; Whitehouse, P, 2004)	0.32
" Treatment of advanced and metastatic NSCLC with TPZ in combination with Gemcitabine/Cisplatin was well feasible and showed results recording to currently published data."	( [Phase II-trial of tirapazamine in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine in patients with advanced non-small-cell-lung-cancer (NSCLC)]. Gatzemeier, U; Groth, G; Nimmermann, C; Reck, M; von Pawel, J, 2004)	0.79
" Chemotherapy combined with antiangiogenic therapy has synergistic effects."	( [Antitumor effects of interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 combined with gemcitabine]. Deng, HX; Kan, B; Li, J; Mei, K; Tian, L; Wei, YQ; Wen, YJ, 2005)	0.56
"Therapy of IP-10 combined with gemcitabine has significantly synergistic antitumor effect compared with IP-10 or gemcitabine alone."	( [Antitumor effects of interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 combined with gemcitabine]. Deng, HX; Kan, B; Li, J; Mei, K; Tian, L; Wei, YQ; Wen, YJ, 2005)	0.85
" Further enrollment was terminated in March 2003 as a result of a phase III trial suggesting that aprinocarsen did not have an added survival benefit when combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin therapy in patients with NSCLC."	( Randomized phase II evaluation of aprinocarsen in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin for patients with advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Canon, JL; John, W; Lahn, M; Mali, P; Peterson, P; Pirker, R; Riska, H; Vansteenkiste, J, 2005)	0.56
"The objective of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of S-1, an oral fluorouracil derivative, combined with gemcitabine, the current standard treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer (APC)."	( Phase I trial of oral S-1 combined with gemcitabine in metastatic pancreatic cancer. Ishihara, T; Kato, H; Kobayashi, A; Nakamura, K; Saisho, H; Sudo, K; Tadenuma, H; Yamaguchi, T, 2005)	0.79
"One of the emerging problems concerning the use of antiangiogenic drugs, when used in combination with certain chemotherapy regimens, is enhanced rates and severity of adverse clotting events."	( In vitro procoagulant activity induced in endothelial cells by chemotherapy and antiangiogenic drug combinations: modulation by lower-dose chemotherapy. du Manoir, J; Francia, G; Hicklin, DJ; Kerbel, RS; Ma, L; Rak, J; Viloria-Petit, A, 2005)	0.33
") gemcitabine (GEM) at low dose plus oral chemotherapy with uracil-tegafur (UFT) and cyclophosphamide (CPA) in combination with radiotherapy (RT) against recurrent and advanced pancreatic cancers."	( Phase II study on low dose gemcitabine plus oral chemotherapy with uracil-tegafur and cyclophosphamide in combination with radiotherapy against recurrent and advanced pancreatic cancer. Endo, S; Hashimoto, K; Higami, T; Itakura, M; Koike, M; Maruyama, R; Nio, Y; Tsuji, M; Yamaguchi, K; Yano, S, 2005)	1.35
" Use of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in combination with chemotherapy for B-NHL is becoming prevalent in clinical practice, but has not been extensively studied in pre-clinical models."	( Enhanced efficacy of gemcitabine in combination with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody against CD20+ non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cell lines in vitro and in scid mice. Jin, F; Joshi, I; Obasaju, C; Smith, MR, 2005)	0.65
" Patients in study arm A will be treated with chemoradiation using intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) combined with gemcitabine and simultaneous cetuximab infusions."	( Randomized phase II--study evaluating EGFR targeting therapy with cetuximab in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer--PARC: study protocol [ISRCTN56652283]. Abdollahi, A; Buchler, MW; Buechler, P; Debus, J; Didinger, B; Friess, H; Heeger, S; Herfarth, KK; Huber, PE; Krempien, R; Muenter, MW; Nill, S; Timke, C, 2005)	0.53
"This phase I trial was designed to determine the safety and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of tipifarnib in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with advanced solid tumours."	( Phase I and pharmacological study of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib (Zarnestra, R115777) in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with advanced solid tumours. Beijnen, JH; Crul, M; Howes, A; Pluim, D; Schellens, JH; Siegel-Lakhai, WS; Solanki, B; Sparidans, RW; Zhang, S, 2005)	0.74
" injection of gemcitabine did not inhibit tumor growth, its combination with AEE788 and STI571 produced >80% inhibition of tumor growth and prolonged survival in parallel with increases in number of tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelial cell apoptosis, decreased microvascular density, decreased proliferation rate, and prolonged survival."	( Simultaneous inhibition of EGFR, VEGFR, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling combined with gemcitabine produces therapy of human pancreatic carcinoma and prolongs survival in an orthotopic nude mouse model. Abbruzzese, JL; Baker, CH; Bucana, CD; Fan, D; Fidler, IJ; Kitadai, Y; Kuwai, T; Sasaki, T; Yokoi, K, 2005)	0.9
" Radiation consisted of 4500-5000 cGy in 25 daily fractions combined with brachytherapy to take point A to > or = 8500 cGy."	( Weekly gemcitabine and cisplatin in combination with pelvic radiation in the primary therapy of cervical cancer: a phase I trial of the Puget Sound Oncology Consortium. Garcia, R; Goff, BA; Greer, B; Koh, WJ; Swensen, RE; Swisher, EM; Tamimi, H, 2006)	0.79
" The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Ad-NK4 in combination with gemcitabine (GEM) against pancreatic cancer."	( Peritumoral injection of adenovirus vector expressing NK4 combined with gemcitabine treatment suppresses growth and metastasis of human pancreatic cancer cells implanted orthotopically in nude mice and prolongs survival. Inadome, N; Maemondo, M; Matsumoto, K; Mizumoto, K; Murakami, M; Nagai, E; Nakamura, T; Nukiwa, T; Ogura, Y; Saimura, M; Tanaka, M, 2006)	0.79
"A total of 208 cycles of chemotherapy were given with a median of 4 per patient."	( Fixed dose-rate infusion of gemcitabine in combination with cisplatin and UFT in advanced carcinoma of the pancreas. Barón, MG; Casado, E; Castañón, C; Castro, J; Cruz, M; Feliu, J; Fonseca, E; Jara, C; Jaráiz, AR; León, A; Lomas, M; Sáenz, JG, 2006)	0.63
" Then, the effects of this ceramide, alone or in combination with GMZ, on the growth of UM-SCC-22A xenografts in SCID mice was assessed following the determination of preclinical parameters, such as maximum tolerated dose, clearance from the blood, and bioaccumulation."	( Potent antitumor activity of a novel cationic pyridinium-ceramide alone or in combination with gemcitabine against human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas in vitro and in vivo. Bielawska, A; Bielawski, J; Cobanoglu, B; Day, TA; Hannun, YA; Koybasi, S; Meyer, M; Obeid, LM; Ogretmen, B; Ponnusamy, S; Rossi, MJ; Senkal, CE; Sinha, D; Sundararaj, K; Szulc, Z, 2006)	0.55
" Lipoplatin at 125 mg/m2 was defined as dose limiting toxicity (DLT) and 100 mg/m2 as the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in combination with 1000 mg/m2 of gemcitabine."	( Liposomal cisplatin combined with gemcitabine in pretreated advanced pancreatic cancer patients: a phase I-II study. Boulikas, T; Rigatos, SK; Stathopoulos, GP; Stathopoulos, JG; Vougiouka, M, 2006)	0.81
"GEMOX-B could be safely administered with close monitoring and had moderate antitumor activity for patients with advanced HCC."	( Phase II study of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in combination with bevacizumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Bhargava, P; Blaszkowsky, LS; Clark, JW; Enzinger, PC; Hale, KE; Horgan, K; Muzikansky, A; Ryan, DP; Sheehan, S; Stuart, K; Zhu, AX, 2006)	0.67
"We present here a case of severe, but reversible, congestive cardiac failure in a lung cancer patient who had no prior cardiac history, after receiving an experimental treatment of bortezomib combined with chemotherapy."	( Severe reversible cardiac failure after bortezomib treatment combined with chemotherapy in a non-small cell lung cancer patient: a case report. Giaccone, G; Voortman, J, 2006)	0.33
"We conducted a phase II trial of gemcitabine with S-1, oral fluorouracil (5-FU) prodrug tegafur combined with two modulators, 5-chloro-2, 4-dihydroxypyridine and potassium oxonate, to evaluate the activity and toxicity of such a combination in metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC) patients."	( Phase II trial of oral S-1 combined with gemcitabine in metastatic pancreatic cancer. Ishihara, T; Kato, H; Nakamura, K; Saisho, H; Sudo, K; Yamaguchi, T, 2006)	0.88
" Patients were treated with weekly T (4 mg/kg on day 0, then 2 mg/kg), in combination with gem (800 mg/m(2)) and vin (25 mg/m(2)) on days 1 and 8, every 21 days."	( Trastuzumab in combination with gemcitabine and vinorelbine as second-line therapy for HER-2/neu overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. Amici, S; Bonginelli, P; Bonsignori, M; Carillio, G; De Sio, L; Fanelli, M; Gasparini, G; Gattuso, D; Longo, R; Mariani, L; Massaccesi, C; Morabito, A; Torino, F, 2006)	0.62
" The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of divided dose of cisplatin combined with gemcitabine in chemo-naïve patients with malignant mesothelioma."	( Divided dose of cisplatin combined with gemcitabine in malignant mesothelioma. Akbulut, H; Büyükçelik, A; Demirkazik, A; Dinçol, D; Gören, D; Içli, F; Mousa, U; Onur, H; Senler, FC; Utkan, G; Yalçin, B, 2006)	0.81
" Furthermore, cell fusion in combination with chemotherapy resulted in strongly enhanced Annexin V binding, an early marker for apoptosis, when compared with single treatment."	( Enhanced killing of pancreatic cancer cells by expression of fusogenic membrane glycoproteins in combination with chemotherapy. Hoffmann, D; Wildner, O, 2006)	0.33
"05), 10(-6) mg/ml gemcitabine in combination with 10(-4) mg/ml TNP-470 had significant effect (P<0."	( Inhibition of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell by TNP-470 in combination with gemcitabine. Tu, LF; Wang, LH; Wang, XF; Zhou, JY, 2006)	0.87
" Findings from preclinical studies prompted a Phase I trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of bortezomib in combination with gemcitabine in patients with recurring/refractory advanced solid tumors."	( Phase I clinical trial of bortezomib in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors. Appleman, LJ; Clark, JW; Cusack, J; Eder, JP; Enzinger, PC; Fidias, P; Fishman, M; Kashala, O; Lynch, T; Ryan, DP; Supko, JG; Zhu, AX, 2006)	0.77
" Preclinically, gemcitabine has demonstrated synergy when combined with platinum compounds."	( A phase I study of oxaliplatin in combination with gemcitabine: correlation of clinical outcome with gene expression. Chow, W; Doroshow, J; Frankel, P; Gandara, D; Juhasz, A; Lenz, HJ; Leong, L; Lim, D; Margolin, K; Morgan, R; Newman, E; Shibata, S; Somlo, G; Synold, T; Yen, Y, 2007)	0.94
" A phase II study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of a single dose of cisplatin in combination with weekly gemcitabine in patients with metastatic pancreatic carcinoma."	( Phase II study of cisplatin combined with weekly gemcitabine in the treatment of patients with metastatic pancreatic carcinoma. Bang, S; Chung, JB; Jeon, TJ; Kim, MH; Park, JY; Park, SW; Song, SY, 2006)	0.8
"The modified regimen of a single dose of cisplatin per cycle in combination with weekly gemcitabine appeared to have a more favorable therapeutic index and comparable toxicity profiles."	( Phase II study of cisplatin combined with weekly gemcitabine in the treatment of patients with metastatic pancreatic carcinoma. Bang, S; Chung, JB; Jeon, TJ; Kim, MH; Park, JY; Park, SW; Song, SY, 2006)	0.81
" Only the initial 1 course was administered with 5-FU (500 mg/body) as an inpatient, and further courses were performed as an outpatient with no severe adverse events."	( A case report--The marked response to gemcitabine combined with irinotecan and low-dose cisplatin chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer with multiple liver metastases. Fujiwara, T; Gochi, A; Kagawa, S; Tanaka, N; Teraishi, F; Uno, F, 2006)	0.6
"The objective of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of carboplatin in combination with gemcitabine and irinotecan in patients with solid tumors."	( Phase I study of carboplatin in combination with gemcitabine and irinotecan in patients with solid tumors: preliminary evidence of activity in small cell and neuroendocrine carcinomas. Antonia, S; Chiappori, A; de Lima Lopes, G; Haura, E; Langevin, M; Lush, R; Rocha-Lima, CM; Simon, G; Sullivan, D, 2007)	0.8
"Carboplatin in combination with gemcitabine and irinotecan was feasible."	( Phase I study of carboplatin in combination with gemcitabine and irinotecan in patients with solid tumors: preliminary evidence of activity in small cell and neuroendocrine carcinomas. Antonia, S; Chiappori, A; de Lima Lopes, G; Haura, E; Langevin, M; Lush, R; Rocha-Lima, CM; Simon, G; Sullivan, D, 2007)	0.88
" On the basis of pre-clinical evidence and some clinical data, we conducted a phase II study of 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) in combination with gemcitabine in patients with unresectable pancreatic carcinoma."	( 13-cis-Retinoic acid in combination with gemcitabine in the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer--report of a pilot phase II study. Dalgleish, A; Hill, M; Lofts, F; Maraveyas, A; Michael, A, 2007)	0.8
"The aim of this phase II study was to evaluate the response rate to gemcitabine combined with cisplatin in patients with locally advanced, metastatic or recurrent biliary tract cancer who had received no prior chemotherapy."	( Phase II trial of gemcitabine combined with cisplatin in patients with inoperable biliary tract carcinomas. Ahn, MJ; Kim, HK; Kim, JS; Kim, TY; Lee, J; Lee, MA; Lee, NS; Lim, HY; Park, BJ, 2008)	0.92
" Combination with other treatment modalities such as chemotherapy may overcome immunoresistance of cancer cells."	( Dendritic cell-based vaccination combined with gemcitabine increases survival in a murine pancreatic carcinoma model. Bauer, C; Bauernfeind, F; Dauer, M; Eigler, A; Endres, S; Lehr, HA; Orban, M; Schnurr, M; Sterzik, A, 2007)	0.6
"DC-based immunotherapy may not only be successfully combined with gemcitabine for the treatment of advanced pancreatic carcinoma, but may also be effective in preventing local recurrence or metastatisation in tumour-free patients."	( Dendritic cell-based vaccination combined with gemcitabine increases survival in a murine pancreatic carcinoma model. Bauer, C; Bauernfeind, F; Dauer, M; Eigler, A; Endres, S; Lehr, HA; Orban, M; Schnurr, M; Sterzik, A, 2007)	0.83
" This phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of erlotinib in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine as first-line treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."	( Phase III study of erlotinib in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: the Tarceva Lung Cancer Investigation Trial. De Rosa, F; Gatzemeier, U; Janaskova, T; Karnicka-Mlodkowski, H; Kaukel, E; Manikhas, GM; Milanowski, J; Pesek, M; Pluzanska, A; Ramlau, R; Roubec, J; Serwatowski, P; Strausz, J; Szczesna, A; Vansteenkiste, J; Von Pawel, J, 2007)	0.78
"Patients received erlotinib (150 mg/d) or placebo, combined with up to six 21-day cycles of chemotherapy (gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 and cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 1)."	( Phase III study of erlotinib in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: the Tarceva Lung Cancer Investigation Trial. De Rosa, F; Gatzemeier, U; Janaskova, T; Karnicka-Mlodkowski, H; Kaukel, E; Manikhas, GM; Milanowski, J; Pesek, M; Pluzanska, A; Ramlau, R; Roubec, J; Serwatowski, P; Strausz, J; Szczesna, A; Vansteenkiste, J; Von Pawel, J, 2007)	0.79
"To establish maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and tolerability of two schedules of bortezomib in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine as first-line treatment of patients with advanced solid tumors."	( A parallel dose-escalation study of weekly and twice-weekly bortezomib in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in the first-line treatment of patients with advanced solid tumors. Giaccone, G; Honeywell, R; Kuenen, BC; Peters, GJ; Smit, EF; van de Velde, H; Voortman, J, 2007)	0.77
"Previous studies have indicated that, in combination with cisplatin, fixed dose rate gemcitabine may be more efficacious than standard infusion gemcitabine."	( Gemcitabine administered as a short infusion versus a fixed dose rate in combination with cisplatin for the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Blajman, CR; Del Giglio, A; Fein, L; Hall, BJ; Orlando, M; Pereira, JR; Richardet, E; Schwartsmann, G; van Kooten, M; West, TM, 2007)	2.01
"The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of gemcitabine combined with a platinum agent compared to single-agent gemcitabine in a pooled analysis of two randomized trials."	( Increased survival using platinum analog combined with gemcitabine as compared to single-agent gemcitabine in advanced pancreatic cancer: pooled analysis of two randomized trials, the GERCOR/GISCAD intergroup study and a German multicenter study. Heinemann, V; Hinke, A; Labianca, R; Louvet, C, 2007)	0.85
"To evaluate safety and pharmacokinetics and to establish the maximum tolerated dose of glufosfamide when administered in combination with gemcitabine in advanced solid tumors."	( A Phase 1 dose-escalation trial of glufosfamide in combination with gemcitabine in solid tumors including pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Chiorean, EG; Colowick, AB; Dragovich, T; Hamm, J; Jung, DT; Kroll, S; Langmuir, VK; Loehrer, PJ; Tidmarsh, GF, 2008)	0.78
"Phase I data indicate that full dose glufosfamide (4,500 mg/m(2)) can be given safely in combination with gemcitabine."	( A Phase 1 dose-escalation trial of glufosfamide in combination with gemcitabine in solid tumors including pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Chiorean, EG; Colowick, AB; Dragovich, T; Hamm, J; Jung, DT; Kroll, S; Langmuir, VK; Loehrer, PJ; Tidmarsh, GF, 2008)	0.79
"To investigate the antiproliferative effect of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor MS-275 on cholangiocarcinoma cells alone and in combination with conventional cytostatic drugs (gemcitabine or doxorubicin) or the novel anticancer agents sorafenib or bortezomib."	( Histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275 alone or combined with bortezomib or sorafenib exhibits strong antiproliferative action in human cholangiocarcinoma cells. Baradari, V; Höpfner, M; Huether, A; Scherübl, H; Schuppan, D, 2007)	0.53
" Furthermore, additive anti-neoplastic effects were observed when MS-275 treatment was combined with gemcitabine or doxorubicin, while combination with the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib or the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib resulted in overadditive anti-neoplastic effects."	( Histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275 alone or combined with bortezomib or sorafenib exhibits strong antiproliferative action in human cholangiocarcinoma cells. Baradari, V; Höpfner, M; Huether, A; Scherübl, H; Schuppan, D, 2007)	0.56
"The growth of human cholangiocarcinoma cells can be potently inhibited by MS-275 alone or in combination with conventional cytostatic drugs or new, targeted anticancer agents."	( Histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275 alone or combined with bortezomib or sorafenib exhibits strong antiproliferative action in human cholangiocarcinoma cells. Baradari, V; Höpfner, M; Huether, A; Scherübl, H; Schuppan, D, 2007)	0.34
" The MTD for erlotinib in combination with twice weekly gemcitabine-based chemoradiation was 100 mg/day."	( A phase I study of erlotinib in combination with gemcitabine and radiation in locally advanced, non-operable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Capanu, M; Duffy, A; Kelsen, DP; Kortmansky, J; Minsky, B; O'Reilly, EM; Puleio, S; Saltz, L; Schwartz, GK, 2008)	0.85
"In combination with fixed dose gemcitabine at 40 mg/m(2) twice weekly and radiation at 180 cGy/day, the MTD of erlotinib was found to be 100 mg/day."	( A phase I study of erlotinib in combination with gemcitabine and radiation in locally advanced, non-operable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Capanu, M; Duffy, A; Kelsen, DP; Kortmansky, J; Minsky, B; O'Reilly, EM; Puleio, S; Saltz, L; Schwartz, GK, 2008)	0.89
"These very preliminary data suggest that nab-P in combination with B with and without G is a safe regimen and a formal phase II trial has been developed at the University of Miami to confirm its safety and clinical activity."	( Paclitaxel albumin-bound particles (abraxane) in combination with bevacizumab with or without gemcitabine: early experience at the University of Miami/Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute. Gluck, S; Lobo, C; Lopes, G; Silva, O, 2007)	0.56
"The purpose of this trial was to define the maximum tolerated duration (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), regimen-related toxicities (RRT), and pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine infused at a fixed dose rate (FDR) of 10 mg/m2/min, combined with docetaxel/melphalan/carboplatin, using autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT)."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of gemcitabine administered at fixed-dose rate, combined with docetaxel/melphalan/carboplatin, with autologous hematopoietic progenitor-cell support, in patients with advanced refractory tumors. Aldaz, A; Aramendía, JM; Aristu, J; Centeno, C; Hernández, M; Moreno, M; Nieto, Y; Pérez-Calvo, J; Rifón, J; Sayar, O; Viteri, S; Viúdez, A; Zafra, A; Zufia, L, 2007)	0.81
"To evaluate the anti-tumor effect and toxicity of gemcitabine combined with platinum chemotherapy on recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer."	( Phase II study of gemcitabine combined with platinum chemotherapy for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. Huang, HF; Lang, JH; Pan, LY; Peng, P; Shen, K; Wu, M; Yang, JX, 2007)	0.93
"Phase II study of gemcitabine combined with platinum chemotherapy was carried out in 22 patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer."	( Phase II study of gemcitabine combined with platinum chemotherapy for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. Huang, HF; Lang, JH; Pan, LY; Peng, P; Shen, K; Wu, M; Yang, JX, 2007)	1.01
"0) after initiation of gemcitabine combined with platinum chemotherapy."	( Phase II study of gemcitabine combined with platinum chemotherapy for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. Huang, HF; Lang, JH; Pan, LY; Peng, P; Shen, K; Wu, M; Yang, JX, 2007)	0.98
"Gemcitabine combined with platinum chemotherapy appears to be an effective and well-tolerant treatment for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer, including platinum-resistant or -refractory diseases."	( Phase II study of gemcitabine combined with platinum chemotherapy for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. Huang, HF; Lang, JH; Pan, LY; Peng, P; Shen, K; Wu, M; Yang, JX, 2007)	2.12
"To determine the antitumor activity of the anti-mesothelin immunotoxin SS1P in combination with gemcitabine against mesothelin-expressing tumor xenografts."	( Anti-mesothelin immunotoxin SS1P in combination with gemcitabine results in increased activity against mesothelin-expressing tumor xenografts. Broaddus, VC; Hassan, R; Liewehr, DJ; Wilson, S; Zhang, J, 2007)	0.81
"The in vitro activity of SS1P in combination with gemcitabine against the mesothelin-expressing cell line A431/K5 was evaluated using cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays."	( Anti-mesothelin immunotoxin SS1P in combination with gemcitabine results in increased activity against mesothelin-expressing tumor xenografts. Broaddus, VC; Hassan, R; Liewehr, DJ; Wilson, S; Zhang, J, 2007)	0.84
" In contrast, in the in vivo setting, there was a marked synergy when SS1P was combined with gemcitabine for the treatment of mesothelin-expressing tumor xenografts."	( Anti-mesothelin immunotoxin SS1P in combination with gemcitabine results in increased activity against mesothelin-expressing tumor xenografts. Broaddus, VC; Hassan, R; Liewehr, DJ; Wilson, S; Zhang, J, 2007)	0.81
"SS1P in combination with gemcitabine results in marked antitumor activity against mesothelin-expressing tumors."	( Anti-mesothelin immunotoxin SS1P in combination with gemcitabine results in increased activity against mesothelin-expressing tumor xenografts. Broaddus, VC; Hassan, R; Liewehr, DJ; Wilson, S; Zhang, J, 2007)	0.89
" The objective of this phase 2 trial was to investigate the activity of gemcitabine in combination with rituximab in patients with recurring or refractory HL."	( Phase 2 study of gemcitabine in combination with rituximab in patients with recurrent or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Fayad, LE; Goy, A; Hagemeister, F; McLaughlin, P; Neelapu, S; Oki, Y; Pro, B; Romaguera, J; Samaniego, F; Younes, A, 2008)	0.92
" The favorable safety profile and the ease of its administration in outpatient settings warrant investigating it further in combination with other active drugs."	( Phase 2 study of gemcitabine in combination with rituximab in patients with recurrent or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Fayad, LE; Goy, A; Hagemeister, F; McLaughlin, P; Neelapu, S; Oki, Y; Pro, B; Romaguera, J; Samaniego, F; Younes, A, 2008)	0.69
" We conducted a phase I study of gemcitabine and carboplatin in combination with bortezomib."	( The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in combination with gemcitabine and carboplatin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a California Cancer Consortium Phase I study. Bold, R; Davies, AM; Gandara, DR; Gumerlock, PH; Lara, PN; Lau, DH; Lenz, HJ; Ruel, C; Schenkein, DP; Shibata, S, 2008)	0.87
"Chemotherapy regimens including gemcitabine in combination with microtubule inhibitors such as docetaxel and paclitaxel have wide clinical application."	( A phase I trial of gemcitabine in combination with patupilone in patients with advanced solid tumors. Alberti, D; Bailey, H; Brandon, H; Eickhoff, J; Holen, K; Morgan-Meadows, S; Oliver, K; Schelman, W; Thomas, JP; Wilding, G, 2008)	0.96
" The human lung carcinoma MV522 cell line and its corresponding xenograft model were used to evaluate the activity of irofulven in combination with these different agents."	( Synergy of Irofulven in combination with various anti-metabolites, enzyme inhibitors, and miscellaneous agents in MV522 lung carcinoma cells: marked interaction with gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil. Estes, LA; Kelner, MJ; McMorris, TC; Rojas, RJ; Suthipinijtham, P, 2008)	0.54
" The objectives of this study were to determine safety and efficacy in chemotherapy-naive patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer receiving bevacizumab in combination with fixed-dose rate (FDR) gemcitabine and low-dose cisplatin."	( A phase II study evaluating bevacizumab in combination with fixed-dose rate gemcitabine and low-dose cisplatin for metastatic pancreatic cancer: is an anti-VEGF strategy still applicable? Bergsland, EK; Dito, E; Hwang, J; Ko, AH; Schillinger, B; Scott, J; Tempero, MA; Venook, AP; Wong, D; Xu, Z, 2008)	0.76
"The authors conducted a phase 2 trial of the antiepidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody cetuximab in combination with the gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin (GEMOX) regimen in patients with documented progressive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)."	( Gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin (GEMOX) combined with cetuximab in patients with progressive advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma: results of a multicenter phase 2 study. Artru, P; Asnacios, A; Fartoux, L; Hebbar, M; Louafi S, S; Mansoubakht, T; Poynard, T; Romano, O; Rosmorduc, O; Taieb, J; Tesmoingt, C, 2008)	1.99
" This trial was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose and dose limiting toxicities (DLT) of nab-paclitaxel in combination with gemcitabine."	( Phase I trial of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel in combination with gemcitabine in patients with thoracic malignancies. Dees, EC; Goldberg, RM; Hayes, DN; Lee, CB; Moore, DT; Socinski, MA; Stinchcombe, TE, 2008)	0.78
"The maximum tolerated dose of nab-paclitaxel is 300 mg/m in combination with gemcitabine 1000 mg/m on days 1, 8 every 21 days."	( Phase I trial of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel in combination with gemcitabine in patients with thoracic malignancies. Dees, EC; Goldberg, RM; Hayes, DN; Lee, CB; Moore, DT; Socinski, MA; Stinchcombe, TE, 2008)	0.81
"Our results show that the regimen of gemcitabine combined with capecitabine is effective and well tolerated in patients with unresectable relapsed or metastatic carcinoma of the biliary tract."	( [Gemcitabine combined with capecitabine in the treatment for 41 patients with relapsed or metastatic biliary tract carcinoma]. Chen, X; Chen, ZS; Li, J; Ouyang, XN; Xie, FW; Yu, ZY, 2008)	1.53
"This randomized phase II study investigated the efficacy and safety of a new taxane, larotaxel (XRP9881), in combination with either cisplatin or gemcitabine in the first-line treatment of patients with nonirradiable stage IIIB or stage IV non-small cell lung cancer to select the combination having the most promising antitumor activity."	( Randomized multicenter phase II study of larotaxel (XRP9881) in combination with cisplatin or gemcitabine as first-line chemotherapy in nonirradiable stage IIIB or stage IV non-small cell lung cancer. Besenval, M; Bosquee, L; Brain, E; Dansin, E; Dohollou, N; Gervais, R; Quoix, E; Sessa, C; Urban, T; Vansteenkiste, J; Zatloukal, P, 2008)	0.77
"Both larotaxel combinations were effective and manageable, however all measured efficacy parameters (response rate, progression free survival, and survival) seemed to favor the combination with cisplatin."	( Randomized multicenter phase II study of larotaxel (XRP9881) in combination with cisplatin or gemcitabine as first-line chemotherapy in nonirradiable stage IIIB or stage IV non-small cell lung cancer. Besenval, M; Bosquee, L; Brain, E; Dansin, E; Dohollou, N; Gervais, R; Quoix, E; Sessa, C; Urban, T; Vansteenkiste, J; Zatloukal, P, 2008)	0.57
" We then examined the antitumor effect of IAB-1 in combination with anticancer drugs against RCC."	( Significant antitumor activity of cationic multilamellar liposomes containing human interferon-beta gene in combination with 5-fluorouracil against human renal cell carcinoma. Abe, K; Fujiwara, J; Hayashi, I; Ishida, H; Kawauchi, A; Miki, T; Mizuno, M; Mizutani, Y; Nakanishi, H; Okada, K; Toiyama, D; Yamamoto, K; Yoshida, J, 2008)	0.35
" We wanted to evaluate matuzumab (EMD72000), a fully humanized ErbB-1-specific monoclonal antibody in combination with gemcitabine in experimental pancreatic cancer."	( Matuzumab short-term therapy in experimental pancreatic cancer: prolonged antitumor activity in combination with gemcitabine. Amendt, C; Bruns, CJ; Eichhorn, ME; Ischenko, I; Jauch, KW; Kleespies, A; Mantell, O; Seeliger, H, 2008)	0.77
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine-oxaliplatin (GEMOX) combined with huachansu (cinobufagin) injection treatment in patients with locally advanced or metastatic gallbladder carcinoma (GBC), and to assess the quality of life (QOL) of such patients."	( Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine-oxaliplatin combined with huachansu in patients with advanced gallbladder carcinoma. Pan, BR; Qin, TJ; Ruan, ZP; Yun, J; Zhang, LX; Zhao, XH, 2008)	0.93
"GEMOX combined with huachansu (cinobufagin) injection is well tolerated, effective, thus improving the QOL of patients with advanced GBC."	( Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine-oxaliplatin combined with huachansu in patients with advanced gallbladder carcinoma. Pan, BR; Qin, TJ; Ruan, ZP; Yun, J; Zhang, LX; Zhao, XH, 2008)	0.66
" This open, multicenter, single-arm phase I/II study assessed the safety and activity of gemcitabine in combination with non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Myocet), a more cardiac-friendly anthracycline, in the first-line treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer."	( Non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin combined with gemcitabine as first-line treatment for metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer. Final results of a phase I/II trial. Adrover, E; Calvo, L; Colomer, R; De la Haba, J; Del Barco, S; Rifà, J; Sánchez, P; Tusquets, I; Virizuela, JA, 2009)	0.83
"The aim of this open-label phase 1b study was to assess the safety and pharmacokinetics of motesanib in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumours."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of motesanib in combination with gemcitabine for the treatment of patients with solid tumours. Lipton, L; McCoy, S; McGreivy, J; Price, TJ; Rosenthal, MA; Sun, YN, 2008)	0.8
" This study was to evaluate the efficacy of three-dimensional conformal gamma-knife radiotherapy combined with thermochemotherapy on locally advanced pancreatic cancer."	( [Efficacy of whole body gamma-knife radiotherapy combined with thermochemotherapy on locally advanced pancreatic cancer]. Cai, CL; Kang, JB; Li, JG; Nie, Q; Qi, WJ; Wang, B; Zhang, LP, 2008)	0.35
"3-D conformal gamma-knife radiotherapy combined with thermochemotherapy is well tolerated and is relatively effective for most patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer."	( [Efficacy of whole body gamma-knife radiotherapy combined with thermochemotherapy on locally advanced pancreatic cancer]. Cai, CL; Kang, JB; Li, JG; Nie, Q; Qi, WJ; Wang, B; Zhang, LP, 2008)	0.35
"Women with measurable MBC pretreated with anthracycline- and taxane-based chemotherapy received oral gefitinib (250 mg/day) continuously combined with intravenous gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 and vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 on day 1, every 2 weeks."	( Gefitinib in combination with gemcitabine and vinorelbine in patients with metastatic breast cancer pre-treated with taxane and anthracycline chemotherapy: a phase I/II trial. Amarantidis, K; Georgoulias, V; Gioulbasanis, I; Ignatiadis, M; Kakolyris, S; Kalbakis, K; Kalykaki, A; Mavroudis, D; Saridaki, Z; Vamvakas, L, )	0.62
" Significant activity and favorable toxicity profile provides a basis for considering this regimen for further evaluation in phase III trials or in combination with biologic agents."	( Phase II trial of weekly nab (nanoparticle albumin-bound)-paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) (Abraxane) in combination with gemcitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer (N0531). Bane, CL; Gross, GG; LaPlant, BR; Palmieri, FM; Roy, V, 2009)	0.56
"Cediranib at 30 mg daily can be combined with standard doses of cisplatin/gemcitabine with encouraging anti-tumour activity, and is the recommended phase III dose."	( A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of daily oral cediranib, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinases, in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a study of the National C Chen, E; Feld, R; Gauthier, I; Goss, G; Laurie, S; Leighl, N; Powers, J; Seymour, L; Shepherd, FA, 2009)	0.78
" The levels of pro-caspase-3 were decreased by heat treatment combined with gemcitabine."	( Effect of hyperthermia combined with gemcitabine on apoptotic cell death in cultured human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Adachi, S; Handa, O; Ishikawa, T; Kokura, S; Naito, Y; Okayama, T; Takagi, T; Yoshikawa, T, 2009)	0.86
"In the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer, gemcitabine in low dose in prolonged infusion in combination with cisplatin has low toxicity and has activity comparable with gemcitabine in higher dose in standard brief infusion."	( Gemcitabine in brief versus prolonged low-dose infusion, both combined with cisplatin, for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized phase II clinical trial. Kovac, V; Smrdel, U; Vrankar, M; Zadnik, V; Zwitter, M, 2009)	2.04
"A phase I study was initiated to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of prolonged-infusion gemcitabine combined with cyclophosphamide in patients with metastatic breast carcinoma (MBC)."	( Phase I study of prolonged-infusion gemcitabine combined with cyclophosphamide in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the breast: tolerability of an optimal dose schedule. Estephan, F; Esteva, FJ; Frye, DK; Ibrahim, NK; Mejia, JA; Valero, V, 2009)	0.85
" The aim of the present study is to clarify the effectiveness of GEM combined with CDDP and 5FU (GFP) therapy for unresectable biliary carcinoma."	( Usefulness of gemcitabine combined with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin (GFP) in patients for unresectable biliary carcinoma. Arakawa, Y; Hanaoka, J; Ikegami, T; Imura, S; Kanamoto, M; Kanemura, H; Morine, Y; Nii, A; Shimada, M, )	0.49
" The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose gemcitabine combined with ginsenoside Rg3 on angiogenesis and growth of established Lewis lung carcinoma in mice."	( Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3 combined with gemcitabine on angiogenesis and growth of lung cancer in mice. Cui, DD; Huang, XB; Huang, Y; Ji, LL; Liu, TG; Mao, SH; Song, HB; Yi, C, 2009)	0.84
"Ginsenoside Rg3 combined with gemcitabine may significantly inhibit angiogenesis and growth of lung cancer and improve survival and quality of life of tumor-bearing mice."	( Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3 combined with gemcitabine on angiogenesis and growth of lung cancer in mice. Cui, DD; Huang, XB; Huang, Y; Ji, LL; Liu, TG; Mao, SH; Song, HB; Yi, C, 2009)	0.89
"To evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of mapatumumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 1 (TRAIL-R1), in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin."	( Mapatumumab, a fully human agonistic monoclonal antibody that targets TRAIL-R1, in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin: a phase I study. de Vries, EG; Eskens, FA; Fox, NL; Gietema, JA; Loos, WJ; Miceli, R; Mom, CH; Oldenhuis, CN; Sleijfer, S; Verweij, J, 2009)	0.75
"Mapatumumab in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin is safe and well tolerated at doses up to 30 mg/kg."	( Mapatumumab, a fully human agonistic monoclonal antibody that targets TRAIL-R1, in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin: a phase I study. de Vries, EG; Eskens, FA; Fox, NL; Gietema, JA; Loos, WJ; Miceli, R; Mom, CH; Oldenhuis, CN; Sleijfer, S; Verweij, J, 2009)	0.85
" After two cycles, a 4-week outpatient treatment of gemcitabine (1000 mg/m(2)) on days 1 and 15 combined with 5-FU (500 mg/m(2)) and CDDP (7 mg/m(2)) on days 1 and 15 was commenced."	( Phase II trial of gemcitabine combined with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin (GFP) chemotherapy in patients with advanced biliary tree cancers. Gion, T; Harimoto, N; Itoh, S; Maehara, Y; Sugimachi, K; Taketomi, A; Tsujita, E; Yamashita, Y, 2010)	0.95
" We hypothesized that thalidomide, an oral antiangiogenic agent, when combined with chemotherapy, and as maintenance treatment, would improve survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."	( Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of thalidomide in combination with gemcitabine and Carboplatin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Gilligan, D; Gower, N; Hackshaw, A; Jitlal, M; Lee, SM; Ottensmeier, C; Price, A; Rudd, R; Spiro, S; Woll, PJ, 2009)	0.58
"In this large trial of patients with NSCLC, thalidomide in combination with chemotherapy did not improve survival overall, but increased the risk of thrombotic events."	( Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of thalidomide in combination with gemcitabine and Carboplatin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Gilligan, D; Gower, N; Hackshaw, A; Jitlal, M; Lee, SM; Ottensmeier, C; Price, A; Rudd, R; Spiro, S; Woll, PJ, 2009)	0.58
" While clinical efficacy was limited with the viral mutants alone, outcomes were improved in combination with chemotherapeutics."	( Optimisation of replication-selective oncolytic adenoviral mutants in combination with chemotherapeutics. Halldén, G, 2009)	0.35
" We explored the efficacy and toxicity of gemcitabine administered at a fixed dose rate or in combination with cisplatin, docetaxel, or irinotecan in a multi-institutional, randomized, phase II study."	( Randomized phase II study of gemcitabine administered at a fixed dose rate or in combination with cisplatin, docetaxel, or irinotecan in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer: CALGB 89904. Cusnir, M; Enzinger, PC; Goldberg, RM; Gorsch, SM; Hollis, DR; Kindler, HL; Kulke, MH; Mayer, RJ; Niedzwiecki, D; Tempero, MA, 2009)	0.91
" The recommended phase II dose of flavopiridol was 45 mg/m in combination with irinotecan and gemcitabine every 2 weeks."	( A phase I study of flavopiridol in combination with gemcitabine and irinotecan in patients with metastatic cancer. Chyi Lee, F; Fekrazad, HM; Rabinowitz, I; Royce, M; Smith, HO; Verschraegen, CF, 2010)	0.83
"The every 2 week dosing is well tolerated with a phase II recommended dose of 45 mg/m of flavopiridol in combination with irinotecan (80 mg/m) and gemcitabine (800 mg/m)."	( A phase I study of flavopiridol in combination with gemcitabine and irinotecan in patients with metastatic cancer. Chyi Lee, F; Fekrazad, HM; Rabinowitz, I; Royce, M; Smith, HO; Verschraegen, CF, 2010)	0.81
"To observe the effects of Shenyi Capsule combined with gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GP) regimen in treatment of advanced esophageal cancer."	( [Efficacy of Shenyi Capsule combined with gemcitabine plus cisplatin in treatment of advanced esophageal cancer: a randomized controlled trial]. Fan, QX; Huang, JY; Sun, Y; Zhang, YQ, 2009)	0.86
" Patients in the treatment group were treated with Shenyi Capsule combined with GP regimen, and patients in the control group were treated with GP regimen alone."	( [Efficacy of Shenyi Capsule combined with gemcitabine plus cisplatin in treatment of advanced esophageal cancer: a randomized controlled trial]. Fan, QX; Huang, JY; Sun, Y; Zhang, YQ, 2009)	0.62
"Shenyi Capsule combined with GP regimen is feasible and safe in treatment of advanced esophageal cancer, and the effects are better than chemotherapy alone."	( [Efficacy of Shenyi Capsule combined with gemcitabine plus cisplatin in treatment of advanced esophageal cancer: a randomized controlled trial]. Fan, QX; Huang, JY; Sun, Y; Zhang, YQ, 2009)	0.62
" Peptide-specific CTL could be induced by the VEGFR2-169 peptide vaccine at a high rate, even in combination with gemcitabine."	( Phase I clinical trial using peptide vaccine for human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in combination with gemcitabine for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Hirono, S; Kawai, M; Miyazawa, M; Nakamura, Y; Ohsawa, R; Tani, M; Tsunoda, T; Yamaue, H, 2010)	0.78
"To investigate the influence of the recombinant human endostatin and gemcitabine combined with HIFU on the mouse xenograft model of pancreatic cancer."	( The effect of endostatin and gemcitabine combined with HIFU on the animal xenograft model of human pancreatic cancer. Gu, YH; Guo, RH; Lin, QF; Liu, LX; Shu, YQ; Wang, RS, 2010)	0.89
" Each arm was treated with gemcitabine, endostatin, gemcitabine combined with endostatin and normal saline respectively."	( The effect of endostatin and gemcitabine combined with HIFU on the animal xenograft model of human pancreatic cancer. Gu, YH; Guo, RH; Lin, QF; Liu, LX; Shu, YQ; Wang, RS, 2010)	0.95
" HIFU combined with chemotherapy and/or targeted therapy may enhance the effect for pancreatic cancer."	( The effect of endostatin and gemcitabine combined with HIFU on the animal xenograft model of human pancreatic cancer. Gu, YH; Guo, RH; Lin, QF; Liu, LX; Shu, YQ; Wang, RS, 2010)	0.65
"25 MBq of PT-RAIT combined with a monthly cycle of gemcitabine (3 weekly, 6-mg doses) significantly enhanced survival, compared with PT-RAIT alone."	( Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy of pancreatic cancer xenografts: TF10-90Y-IMP-288 alone and combined with gemcitabine. Chang, CH; Gold, DV; Goldenberg, DM; Karacay, H; McBride, WJ; Ragland, DR; Rossi, EA; Sharkey, RM, 2009)	0.82
"Z-360 is safe and well tolerated when combined with gemcitabine."	( A phase Ib/IIa trial to evaluate the CCK2 receptor antagonist Z-360 in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Borbath, I; Caplin, ME; Coxon, F; Kato, H; Larvin, M; Meyer, T; Nagano, E; Palmer, DH; Peeters, M; Valle, JW; Waters, JS, 2010)	0.83
" Twenty-three patients experiencing progression following 6 months after concluding platinum-based chemotherapy were managed with second-line treatment with carboplatin combined with gemcitabine or pemetrexed."	( High response of second-line chemotherapy with pemetrexed or gemcitabine combined with carboplatin in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer experiencing progression following 6 months after concluding platinum-based chemotherapy. Arrieta, O; Astorga, A; Flores-Estrada, D; Martinez-Barrera, L; Michel Ortega, RM; Pachuca, D; Villarreal-Garza, C, 2011)	0.8
"Through a phase I study with a fixed radiation dose of 54 Gy and escalating doses of weekly gemcitabine, we established a recommended dose of gemcitabine at 250 mg/m in combination with radiation therapy for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer."	( Phase II study of radiation therapy combined with weekly low-dose gemcitabine for locally advanced, unresectable pancreatic cancer. Doi, R; Fujii, T; Hiraoka, M; Matsuo, Y; Mitsumori, M; Nakamura, A; Oya, N; Shibuya, K, 2011)	0.83
"Treatment with gemcitabine combined with radiation therapy according to the present schedule is well tolerated and can provide prolonged survival in patients with localized, unresectable pancreatic cancer."	( Phase II study of radiation therapy combined with weekly low-dose gemcitabine for locally advanced, unresectable pancreatic cancer. Doi, R; Fujii, T; Hiraoka, M; Matsuo, Y; Mitsumori, M; Nakamura, A; Oya, N; Shibuya, K, 2011)	0.96
" This study is aimed to investigate the plasmatic and intracellular pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine given as FDR at doses of 600 and 1,200 mg/m(2) in combination with 75 mg/m(2) of cisplatin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients."	( Pharmacokinetic study of gemcitabine, given as prolonged infusion at fixed dose rate, in combination with cisplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Caffo, O; Cassetta, MI; Fallani, S; Galligioni, E; Marangon, E; Mini, E; Murgia, V; Nobili, S; Novelli, A; Sala, F; Zucchetti, M, 2010)	0.89
" This study evaluates the therapeutic potential of masitinib in pancreatic cancer, as a single agent and in combination with gemcitabine."	( Masitinib combined with standard gemcitabine chemotherapy: in vitro and in vivo studies in human pancreatic tumour cell lines and ectopic mouse model. Bader, T; Bertucci, F; Castéran, N; Dubreuil, P; Finetti, P; Hanssens, K; Hermine, O; Humbert, M; Iovanna, J; Letard, S; Mansfield, CD; Moussy, A, 2010)	0.85
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of masitinib combined with gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer."	( Safety and activity of masitinib in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Deplanque, G; Hammel, P; Hermine, O; Kinet, JP; Levy, P; Mitry, E; Mornex, F; Moussy, A; Raymond, E; Rougier, P; Seitz, JF, 2010)	0.85
"Twenty-two non-randomised patients with unresectable, locally advanced (n = 9) or metastatic pancreatic cancer (n = 13) received oral masitinib (9 mg/kg/day) combined with standard gemcitabine."	( Safety and activity of masitinib in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Deplanque, G; Hammel, P; Hermine, O; Kinet, JP; Levy, P; Mitry, E; Mornex, F; Moussy, A; Raymond, E; Rougier, P; Seitz, JF, 2010)	0.8
"The efficacy and safety of masitinib combined with gemcitabine are encouraging, with extended survival and median TTP that support initiation of a phase 3 trial."	( Safety and activity of masitinib in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Deplanque, G; Hammel, P; Hermine, O; Kinet, JP; Levy, P; Mitry, E; Mornex, F; Moussy, A; Raymond, E; Rougier, P; Seitz, JF, 2010)	0.86
" This study determined the response rate for fixed-dose-rate (FDR) gemcitabine combined with cisplatin."	( Fixed-dose-rate gemcitabine combined with cisplatin in patients with inoperable biliary tract carcinomas. Abdi, E; Ackland, SP; Brown, C; Gainford, MC; Gebski, V; Goldstein, D; Jefford, M; Miller, D; Selva-Nayagam, S; Shannon, J; Tebbutt, N; van Hazel, G, 2011)	0.95
" We have investigated the role of artemisone (ATM), a novel derivative of artemisinin (ART) in a cancer setting both alone and in combination with established chemotherapeutic agents."	( In vitro study of the anti-cancer effects of artemisone alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. Chan, WC; Dalgleish, AG; Gravett, AM; Haynes, RK; Krishna, S; Liu, WM; Wilson, NL, 2011)	0.37
" Finally, ART and ATM were combined with the common anti-cancer agents oxaliplatin, gemcitabine and thalidomide."	( In vitro study of the anti-cancer effects of artemisone alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. Chan, WC; Dalgleish, AG; Gravett, AM; Haynes, RK; Krishna, S; Liu, WM; Wilson, NL, 2011)	0.59
"To investigate the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of gemcitabine combined with gum mastic and the underlying mechanisms in human pancreatic cancer cell lines."	( Gemcitabine combined with gum mastic causes potent growth inhibition and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. Ai, KX; He, ML; Huang, XY; Li, A; Qin, HL; Wang, HC; Yuan, Z; Zheng, Q, 2010)	2.04
" When cells were treated with gemcitabine in combination with gum mastic, the IkappaBalpha level was increased, whereas NF-kappaB activation was blocked; the expression of Bax protein was substantially increased, but Bcl-2 protein was down-regulated."	( Gemcitabine combined with gum mastic causes potent growth inhibition and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. Ai, KX; He, ML; Huang, XY; Li, A; Qin, HL; Wang, HC; Yuan, Z; Zheng, Q, 2010)	2.09
"Gemcitabine combined with gum mastic causes potent apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells."	( Gemcitabine combined with gum mastic causes potent growth inhibition and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. Ai, KX; He, ML; Huang, XY; Li, A; Qin, HL; Wang, HC; Yuan, Z; Zheng, Q, 2010)	3.25
"This Phase I study investigated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of vandetanib when administered with either gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GC) or vinorelbine plus cisplatin (VC) in patients with previously untreated locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer."	( A phase I study of Vandetanib in combination with vinorelbine/cisplatin or gemcitabine/cisplatin as first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Blackhall, FH; Kennedy, SJ; Milenkova, T; Nicolson, M; O'brien, M; Schmid, P; Taylor, P; Thatcher, N, 2010)	0.8
"In this study, in patients with previously untreated advanced non-small cell lung cancer, vandetanib 100 mg/d in combination with either VC or GC was not tolerated."	( A phase I study of Vandetanib in combination with vinorelbine/cisplatin or gemcitabine/cisplatin as first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Blackhall, FH; Kennedy, SJ; Milenkova, T; Nicolson, M; O'brien, M; Schmid, P; Taylor, P; Thatcher, N, 2010)	0.59
"This phase II randomised trial was designed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and feasibility of radio frequency regional hyperthermia in combination with chemotherapy for patients with advanced non-small lung cancer (NSCLC)."	( The regimen of gemcitabine and cisplatin combined with radio frequency hyperthermia for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a phase II study. Li, XD; Shen, H; Shu, YQ; Wang, RS; Wu, CP; Yin, YM, 2011)	0.72
" Group A patients were treated by radio frequency regional hyperthermia in combination with the regimen of gemcitabine and cisplatin (GP)."	( The regimen of gemcitabine and cisplatin combined with radio frequency hyperthermia for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a phase II study. Li, XD; Shen, H; Shu, YQ; Wang, RS; Wu, CP; Yin, YM, 2011)	0.94
"Radio-frequency regional hyperthermia in combination with chemotherapy (GP) is a safe, well tolerated, and effective therapeutic modality for patients with advanced NSCLC."	( The regimen of gemcitabine and cisplatin combined with radio frequency hyperthermia for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a phase II study. Li, XD; Shen, H; Shu, YQ; Wang, RS; Wu, CP; Yin, YM, 2011)	0.72
"To evaluate the efficacy,clinical benefits and toxicities of gemcitabine combined with erlotinib for advanced pancreatic cancer."	( [Efficacy of gemcitabine combined with erlotinib in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer]. Bai, CM; Cheng, YJ; Zhang, ZJ, 2010)	0.97
"Gemcitabine combined with erlotinib is an effective regimen for pancreatic cancer with good clinical tolerance."	( [Efficacy of gemcitabine combined with erlotinib in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer]. Bai, CM; Cheng, YJ; Zhang, ZJ, 2010)	2.17
"The aim was to determine the potential of the allosteric mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, everolimus, to act in combination with cytotoxic anticancer compounds in vitro and in vivo."	( Evaluation of the mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, in combination with cytotoxic antitumor agents using human tumor models in vitro and in vivo. Brandt, R; Lane, HA; Lassota, P; McSheehy, PM; O'Reilly, T; Wartmann, M, 2011)	0.37
"To compare the tolerability, efficacy, and safety profiles of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in combination with carboplatin (PLD-Carbo) with those of gemcitabine-carboplatin (Gem-Carbo) for the treatment of patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer (PSROC) by reviewing the published literature."	( Tolerability, efficacy, and safety of pegylated liposomal Doxorubicin in combination with Carboplatin versus gemcitabine-Carboplatin for the treatment of platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer: a systematic review. Grendys, EC; Holloway, RW; Lefebvre, P; McMeekin, S; Vekeman, F, 2010)	0.77
" Patients with previously untreated aggressive NHL were randomized to receive either eight cycles of (R)CHOP given every 3 wk or (R)CHOP combined with gemcitabine [Gem-(R)CHOP]."	( Gem-(R)CHOP versus (R)CHOP: a randomized phase II study of gemcitabine combined with (R)CHOP in untreated aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma--EORTC lymphoma group protocol 20021 (EudraCT number 2004-004635-54). Aurer, I; Baila, L; Eghbali, H; Fortpied, C; Khaled, HM; Raemaekers, J; van der Maazen, RW, 2011)	0.81
"To assess objective response rates after 4 cycles of gemcitabine in combination with oxaliplatin in children and adolescents with relapsed or refractory solid tumours."	( Phase II study of gemcitabine combined with oxaliplatin in relapsed or refractory paediatric solid malignancies: An innovative therapy for children with Cancer European Consortium Study. Aerts, I; Boos, J; Cesare, C; Chisholm, J; Couanet, D; Devos, A; Dias, N; Frappaz, D; Gentet, JC; Geoerger, B; Hain, S; Jaspan, T; Le Deley, MC; Leblond, P; Mc Hugh, K; Riccardi, R; Vassal, G; Zwaan, CM, 2011)	0.95
" We hypothesize that a cancer vaccine targeting survivin can achieve enhanced efficacy when combined with gemcitabine."	( Modified vaccinia Ankara expressing survivin combined with gemcitabine generates specific antitumor effects in a murine pancreatic carcinoma model. Diamond, DJ; Ellenhorn, JD; Ishizaki, H; Manuel, ER; Song, GY; Srivastava, T; Sun, S, 2011)	0.83
" This phase I study was performed to identify the optimal dose of pomalidomide to be used in combination with gemcitabine in the treatment of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer."	( A phase I, dose-escalation study of pomalidomide (CC-4047) in combination with gemcitabine in metastatic pancreas cancer. Bendell, JC; Burris, HA; Hainsworth, JD; Infante, JR; Jones, SF; Messersmith, WA; Spigel, DR; Weekes, CD; Yardley, DA, 2011)	0.81
"To compare the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy combined with insterstitial (125)I seed implantation brachytherapy in unresectable staged IIIa/IIIb non-small cell lung cancer."	( [Efficacy and safety of chemotherapy combined with interstitial (125)I seed implantation brachytherapy in unresectable stage IIIa/IIIb non-small cell lung cancer]. Fan, XW; Shan, L; Yang, SF; Zhang, GQ, 2010)	0.36
" Among them 37 cases were of the study group, treated with NP/GP scheme synchronization chemotherapy combined with (125)I seed implantation brachytherapy, while 39 cases in the control group were given NP/GP scheme chemotherapy."	( [Efficacy and safety of chemotherapy combined with interstitial (125)I seed implantation brachytherapy in unresectable stage IIIa/IIIb non-small cell lung cancer]. Fan, XW; Shan, L; Yang, SF; Zhang, GQ, 2010)	0.36
"The (125)I seed implantation brachytherapy combined with concurrent chemotherapy shows a low complication rate, acceptable toxicity, and good therapeutic effectiveness, and is an effective and satisfactory therapeutic modality in the management of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer."	( [Efficacy and safety of chemotherapy combined with interstitial (125)I seed implantation brachytherapy in unresectable stage IIIa/IIIb non-small cell lung cancer]. Fan, XW; Shan, L; Yang, SF; Zhang, GQ, 2010)	0.36
" We conducted this study to investigate its efficacy and safety when combined with chemotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors."	( Efficacy and safety of endostar combined with chemotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors. Huang, XE; Jiang, Y; Li, Y; Xiang, J; Yan, PW, 2010)	0.36
"5 mg/m2 /day as an intravenous infusion for more than 7 days, in combination with chemotherapy."	( Efficacy and safety of endostar combined with chemotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors. Huang, XE; Jiang, Y; Li, Y; Xiang, J; Yan, PW, 2010)	0.36
"Our study revealed that toxicity of Endostar combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of solid tumors was tolerable with moderate efficacy."	( Efficacy and safety of endostar combined with chemotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors. Huang, XE; Jiang, Y; Li, Y; Xiang, J; Yan, PW, 2010)	0.36
"This phase I/II study of saracatinib in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer was conducted by the NCIC Clinical Trials Group."	( A phase I/II study of the Src inhibitor saracatinib (AZD0530) in combination with gemcitabine in advanced pancreatic cancer. Chen, E; Gauthier, I; Gill, S; Goel, R; Hedley, D; Jonker, D; McIntosh, L; Moore, MJ; Renouf, DJ; Seymour, L; Southwood, B; Walde, D; Walsh, W, 2012)	0.85
" In phase I saracatinib was escalated in combination with gemcitabine (1000 mg/m(2)) to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D)."	( A phase I/II study of the Src inhibitor saracatinib (AZD0530) in combination with gemcitabine in advanced pancreatic cancer. Chen, E; Gauthier, I; Gill, S; Goel, R; Hedley, D; Jonker, D; McIntosh, L; Moore, MJ; Renouf, DJ; Seymour, L; Southwood, B; Walde, D; Walsh, W, 2012)	0.85
" Saracatinib 175 mg PO daily was chosen as the RP2D in combination with gemcitabine."	( A phase I/II study of the Src inhibitor saracatinib (AZD0530) in combination with gemcitabine in advanced pancreatic cancer. Chen, E; Gauthier, I; Gill, S; Goel, R; Hedley, D; Jonker, D; McIntosh, L; Moore, MJ; Renouf, DJ; Seymour, L; Southwood, B; Walde, D; Walsh, W, 2012)	0.84
"Saracatinib 175 mg daily in combination with gemcitabine is well tolerated but the combination did not improve efficacy over what would be expected from gemcitabine alone."	( A phase I/II study of the Src inhibitor saracatinib (AZD0530) in combination with gemcitabine in advanced pancreatic cancer. Chen, E; Gauthier, I; Gill, S; Goel, R; Hedley, D; Jonker, D; McIntosh, L; Moore, MJ; Renouf, DJ; Seymour, L; Southwood, B; Walde, D; Walsh, W, 2012)	0.86
"The purpose of this analysis was to investigate the enzyme activity and specificity of adenovirus-mediated Drosophila melanogaster deoxyribonucleoside kinase (Dm-dNK) mutants in combination with gemcitabine."	( Adenovirus-mediated Drosophila melanogaster deoxyribonucleoside kinase mutants combined with gemcitabine harbor a safe cancer treatment profile. He, A; Ma, S; Sun, Z; Xu, H; Zhao, L; Zheng, X; Zhu, Z, 2011)	0.78
" The aim of this multicenter, randomized phase II study was to evaluate clinical activity and safety of sorafenib in combination with erlotinib or gemcitabine in unselected untreated elderly patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."	( Sorafenib in combination with erlotinib or with gemcitabine in elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomized phase II study. Cerea, G; Chella, A; Ciardiello, F; de Marinis, F; Di Maio, M; Fasano, M; Favaretto, A; Gridelli, C; Maione, P; Mattioli, R; Morgillo, F; Pasello, G; Ricciardi, S; Rossi, A; Tortora, G, 2011)	0.82
" Using the indwelling catheter-port system with the unification of the pancreatic blood supply, we initially conducted an arterial infusion of weekly high-dose 5-FU (1,000 mg/m2/qw) combined with systemic gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m2/qw)."	( [Locally advanced pancreatic cancer successfully treated by arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with stereotactic radiotherapy--a case report]. Anai, H; Hasegawa, M; Kichikawa, K; Maeda, S; Masada, T; Morimoto, K; Nakajima, Y; Nishiofuku, H; Sakaguchi, H; Sho, M; Sueyoshi, S; Tamamoto, T; Tanaka, T; Yamamoto, K, 2010)	0.55
"To assess the efficacy and toxicity of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin combined with gemcitabine as first-line chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer patients in a phase II trial."	( Phase II trial of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in combination with gemcitabine in metastatic breast cancer patients. Chaigneau, L; Chargari, C; Clavreul, G; Dumanoir, C; Jacquin, JP; Magné, N; Mélis, A; Merrouche, Y; Mille, D; Nourissat, A; Orfeuvre, H; Savary, J; Thorin, J, 2012)	0.84
"To confirm the efficacy and toxicity of Erlotinib in combination with Gemcitabine and Capecitabine when used as a first-line therapy in metastatic/recurrent pancreatic cancer (PC)."	( A phase II trial of erlotinib in combination with gemcitabine and capecitabine in previously untreated metastatic/recurrent pancreatic cancer: combined analysis with translational research. Bang, YJ; Kang, HJ; Kim, BS; Kim, JS; Lee, KH; Lee, KW; Oh, DY; Park, YS; Ryoo, HM; Sohn, CH; Song, HS; Zang, DY, 2012)	0.87
"Patients received oral panobinostat administered 2 or 3 times weekly (continuous or intermittent dosing in combination with intravenous gemcitabine administered on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days or on days 1 and 8 every 21 days)."	( A phase I study of panobinostat in combination with gemcitabine in the treatment of solid tumors. Bendell, JC; Burris, HA; Greco, FA; Infante, JR; Jones, SF; Murphy, PB; Spigel, DR; Thompson, DS; Yardley, DA, 2011)	0.82
" The recommended doses for further study are intermittent oral panobinostat administered at a dose of 10 mg 3 times weekly for 2 weeks in combination with gemcitabine 800 mg/m2 administered intravenously on days 1 and 8 every 21 days."	( A phase I study of panobinostat in combination with gemcitabine in the treatment of solid tumors. Bendell, JC; Burris, HA; Greco, FA; Infante, JR; Jones, SF; Murphy, PB; Spigel, DR; Thompson, DS; Yardley, DA, 2011)	0.82
"Administration of gemcitabine in combination with piroxicam treatment failed to provide a longer overall survival time in dogs with TCC of the urinary bladder, compared with previously reported treatment strategies."	( Toxic effects and antitumor response of gemcitabine in combination with piroxicam treatment in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Jeglum, AK; Lindner, D; Marconato, L; Nelson, V; Suslak-Brown, L; Zini, E, 2011)	0.97
"Gemcitabine at low doses combined with cisplatin is a potent radiosensitizer effective in patients with LAHN cancer."	( Weekly gemcitabine and cisplatin in combination with radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced head-and-neck cancer: Phase I study. Afonso, SL; da Silva, LG; Stefano, EJ; Tavares, VC; Viani, GA, 2011)	2.27
"This paper presents a summary of the evidence review group (ERG) report into the use of bevacizumab (Avastin®, Roche) in combination with a taxane for the treatment of untreated metastatic breast cancer (mBC)."	( Bevacizumab in combination with a taxane for the first-line treatment of HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Eastwood, A; Epstein, D; Fox, D; Rodgers, M; Soares, M; Yang, H, 2011)	0.37
" We propose to define the recommended dose of vinflunine in combination with gemcitabine for treatment of advanced NSCLC in chemonaive patients."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of IV vinflunine in combination with gemcitabine for treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer in Chemonaive patients. Bennouna, J; Favrel, S; Lemarie, E; Pinel, MC; Pouget, JC; Senellart, H; Tourani, JM; Tournoux-Facon, C, 2011)	0.83
"A phase I and pharmacokinetic study was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose and to establish the recommended dose of vinflunine (VFL) administered on day 1 every 21 days combined with gemcitabine given on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of IV vinflunine in combination with gemcitabine for treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer in Chemonaive patients. Bennouna, J; Favrel, S; Lemarie, E; Pinel, MC; Pouget, JC; Senellart, H; Tourani, JM; Tournoux-Facon, C, 2011)	0.79
" The recommended dose was established at the dose of VFL 320 mg/m² combined with gemcitabine 1000 mg/m²."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of IV vinflunine in combination with gemcitabine for treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer in Chemonaive patients. Bennouna, J; Favrel, S; Lemarie, E; Pinel, MC; Pouget, JC; Senellart, H; Tourani, JM; Tournoux-Facon, C, 2011)	0.83
"The combination of VFL 320 mg/m² administered on day 1 combined with gemcitabine 1000 mg/m² given on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks is established as the RD and was shown to be active in these chemonaive NSCLC patients."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of IV vinflunine in combination with gemcitabine for treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer in Chemonaive patients. Bennouna, J; Favrel, S; Lemarie, E; Pinel, MC; Pouget, JC; Senellart, H; Tourani, JM; Tournoux-Facon, C, 2011)	0.84
" The results indicate that this drug combination has no statistical significance on the development of pre-neoplastic urothelial lesions and had only a minor impact on invasive bladder cancer incidence in mice."	( Experimental study of the anticancer effect of gemcitabine combined with sirolimus on chemically induced urothelial lesions. Colaço, A; Lopes, C; Oliveira, PA; Palomino, LF; Santos, L; Vala, H; Vasconcelos-Nóbrega, C, 2011)	0.63
"This paper reports the first case of a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma with lymph node metastasis treated by sorafenib combined with gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin, with a partial response and normalization of α fetoprotein, which allowed curative surgery."	( Neoadjuvant sorafenib combined with gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Belghiti, J; Botti, M; Boussaha, T; Dubreuil, O; Housset, M; Landi, B; Rougier, P; Taieb, J; Trouilloud, I; Williet, N, 2011)	0.85
" In the present study, we have tested the cytotoxicity of ascorbate to MMe cells in combination with drugs used in MMe therapy, such as cisplatin, etoposide, gemcitabine, imatinib, paclitaxel, and raltitrexed, as well as with promising antitumor compounds like taurolidine, α-tocopherol succinate, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)."	( In vitro screening of synergistic ascorbate-drug combinations for the treatment of malignant mesothelioma. Burlando, B; Martinotti, S; Ranzato, E, 2011)	0.57
" The safety and pharmacokinetics of axitinib in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer was evaluated in the phase I portion of this trial."	( Phase I study of axitinib (AG-013736) in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Kim, S; Moore, MJ; Pithavala, YK; Ricart, AD; Rixe, O; Spano, JP, 2012)	0.86
" This study investigated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of sorafenib in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin."	( Phase IB study of sorafenib in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with refractory solid tumors. Brendel, E; Kornacker, M; Kummer, G; Schultheis, B; Strumberg, D; Xia, C; Zeth, M, 2012)	0.85
" No clinically relevant pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction between sorafenib, cisplatin, and gemcitabine was detected."	( Phase IB study of sorafenib in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with refractory solid tumors. Brendel, E; Kornacker, M; Kummer, G; Schultheis, B; Strumberg, D; Xia, C; Zeth, M, 2012)	0.85
"Sorafenib as continuous oral treatment in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin demonstrated an acceptable safety profile."	( Phase IB study of sorafenib in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with refractory solid tumors. Brendel, E; Kornacker, M; Kummer, G; Schultheis, B; Strumberg, D; Xia, C; Zeth, M, 2012)	0.88
" This study aimed to define safe doses of gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin when combined with imatinib (potent PDGFR-β inhibitor) in patients with advanced gemcitabine-refractory pancreatic cancer (PC)."	( A dose escalation study of gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin in combination with imatinib for gemcitabine-refractory advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Barbachano, Y; Brown, G; Chau, I; Cunningham, D; Hawkes, EA; Oates, J; Starling, N; Thomas, J; Thomas, K; Watkins, D; Webb, J, 2012)	0.94
"In gemcitabine-refractory PC, gemcitabine (1000 mg/m(2)) and oxaliplatin (85 mg/m(2)) can be safely combined with imatinib given on a 7 days on and 7 days off intermittent schedule."	( A dose escalation study of gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin in combination with imatinib for gemcitabine-refractory advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Barbachano, Y; Brown, G; Chau, I; Cunningham, D; Hawkes, EA; Oates, J; Starling, N; Thomas, J; Thomas, K; Watkins, D; Webb, J, 2012)	1.3
"Patients with advanced or metastatic cancer were treated with escalating doses of LY2334737 monotherapy or in combination with continuous daily administration of 100 mg erlotinib."	( Phase I study of Oral gemcitabine prodrug (LY2334737) alone and in combination with erlotinib in patients with advanced solid tumors. Beijnen, JH; Benhadji, KA; Callies, S; Garcia-Ribas, I; Jansen, RS; Koolen, SL; Kronemeijer, RH; Langenberg, MH; Nol, A; Schellens, JH; Slapak, CA; Voest, EE; Witteveen, PO, 2011)	0.68
" In conclusion, thalidomide alone, or in combination with cisplatin/gemcitabine, controlled disease for >6 months in ∼30% of patients."	( The predictive role of serum VEGF in an advanced malignant mesothelioma patient cohort treated with thalidomide alone or combined with cisplatin/gemcitabine. Abraham, R; Clarke, S; Cullen, M; Davey, R; Harvie, R; Kao, SC; Kerestes, Z; Marx, G; Paturi, F; Pavlakis, N; Taylor, R, 2012)	0.81
"This phase 1b study assessed the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, and pharmacokinetics of motesanib (a small-molecule antagonist of VEGF receptors 1, 2, and 3; platelet-derived growth factor receptor; and Kit) administered once daily (QD) or twice daily (BID) in combination with erlotinib and gemcitabine in patients with solid tumors."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of motesanib in combination with gemcitabine and erlotinib for the treatment of solid tumors: a phase 1b study. Adewoye, AH; Desai, J; Johnson, J; Kotasek, D; McCoy, S; Price, T; Siu, LL; Sun, YN; Tebbutt, N; Welch, S, 2011)	0.79
"Patients received weekly intravenous gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2) and erlotinib (100 mg QD) alone (control cohort) or in combination with motesanib (50 mg QD, 75 mg BID, 125 mg QD, or 100 mg QD; cohorts 1-4); or erlotinib (150 mg QD) in combination with motesanib (100 or 125 mg QD; cohorts 5 and 6)."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of motesanib in combination with gemcitabine and erlotinib for the treatment of solid tumors: a phase 1b study. Adewoye, AH; Desai, J; Johnson, J; Kotasek, D; McCoy, S; Price, T; Siu, LL; Sun, YN; Tebbutt, N; Welch, S, 2011)	0.88
" The MTD of motesanib in combination with gemcitabine and erlotinib was 100 mg QD."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of motesanib in combination with gemcitabine and erlotinib for the treatment of solid tumors: a phase 1b study. Adewoye, AH; Desai, J; Johnson, J; Kotasek, D; McCoy, S; Price, T; Siu, LL; Sun, YN; Tebbutt, N; Welch, S, 2011)	0.87
" Motesanib 125 mg QD was tolerable only in combination with erlotinib alone."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of motesanib in combination with gemcitabine and erlotinib for the treatment of solid tumors: a phase 1b study. Adewoye, AH; Desai, J; Johnson, J; Kotasek, D; McCoy, S; Price, T; Siu, LL; Sun, YN; Tebbutt, N; Welch, S, 2011)	0.61
"In the current study, we have evaluated the clinical and immunological responses in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma who received dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy in combination with gemcitabine and/or S-1."	( Clinical and immunologic evaluation of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy in combination with gemcitabine and/or S-1 in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma. Homma, S; Imai, K; Kimura, Y; Koido, S; Okamoto, M; Shimamura, K; Shimodaira, S; Sunamura, M; Takahashi, H; Tomoda, T; Tsukada, J; Yonemitsu, Y, 2012)	0.79
"Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy (DC vaccine alone or DC vaccine plus lymphokine-activated killer [LAK] cell therapy) in combination with gemcitabine and/or S-1 has been carried out in 49 patients with inoperable pancreatic carcinoma refractory to standard treatment."	( Clinical and immunologic evaluation of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy in combination with gemcitabine and/or S-1 in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma. Homma, S; Imai, K; Kimura, Y; Koido, S; Okamoto, M; Shimamura, K; Shimodaira, S; Sunamura, M; Takahashi, H; Tomoda, T; Tsukada, J; Yonemitsu, Y, 2012)	0.8
" Survival of patients receiving DC vaccine and chemotherapy plus LAK cell therapy was longer than those receiving DC vaccine in combination with chemotherapy but no LAK cells."	( Clinical and immunologic evaluation of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy in combination with gemcitabine and/or S-1 in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma. Homma, S; Imai, K; Kimura, Y; Koido, S; Okamoto, M; Shimamura, K; Shimodaira, S; Sunamura, M; Takahashi, H; Tomoda, T; Tsukada, J; Yonemitsu, Y, 2012)	0.6
"Dendritic cell vaccine-based immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy was shown to be safe and possibly effective in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer refractory to standard treatment."	( Clinical and immunologic evaluation of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy in combination with gemcitabine and/or S-1 in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma. Homma, S; Imai, K; Kimura, Y; Koido, S; Okamoto, M; Shimamura, K; Shimodaira, S; Sunamura, M; Takahashi, H; Tomoda, T; Tsukada, J; Yonemitsu, Y, 2012)	0.6
" In combination with gemcitabine, median survival was further prolonged."	( An oncolytic adenovirus defective in pRb-binding (dl922-947) can efficiently eliminate pancreatic cancer cells and tumors in vivo in combination with 5-FU or gemcitabine. Bhattacharyya, M; Eddouadi, A; Francis, J; Halldén, G; Lemoine, NR, 2011)	0.89
"To evaluate the activity and tolerance of gemcitabine in combination with docetaxel and capecitabine in previously untreated patients with advanced pancreatic cancer."	( Docetaxel plus gemcitabine in combination with capecitabine as treatment for inoperable pancreatic cancer: a phase II study. Amarantidis, K; Chamalidou, E; Chelis, L; Chiotis, A; Courcoutsakis, N; Dimopoulos, P; Kakolyris, S; Prassopoulos, P; Tentes, A; Xenidis, N, 2012)	1
" The primary objective of this open-label phase I trial was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended dose (RD) of vandetanib in combination with gemcitabine in patients with unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC)."	( Phase I dose-finding study of vandetanib in combination with gemcitabine in locally advanced unresectable or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cerny, T; De Dosso, S; Koeberle, D; Renggli, V; Saletti, P; Sessa, C, 2011)	0.81
"Vandetanib 100 mg/day is the RD in combination with gemcitabine in the treatment of patients with advanced PAC."	( Phase I dose-finding study of vandetanib in combination with gemcitabine in locally advanced unresectable or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cerny, T; De Dosso, S; Koeberle, D; Renggli, V; Saletti, P; Sessa, C, 2011)	0.86
"To evaluate the efficacy of regional arterial infusion of the synthetic serine protease inhibitor nafamostat mesilate combined with gemcitabine for the treatment of patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer."	( Phase II study of gemcitabine in combination with regional arterial infusion of nafamostat mesilate for advanced pancreatic cancer. Gocho, T; Hirohara, S; Ito, R; Misawa, T; Sadaoka, S; Tsutsui, N; Uwagawa, T; Yanaga, K, 2013)	0.93
" In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of PF00299804, an irreversible pan-HER inhibitor, in eight BTC cell lines alone or combined with gemcitabine."	( The irreversible pan-HER inhibitor PF00299804 alone or combined with gemcitabine has an antitumor effect in biliary tract cancer cell lines. Bang, YJ; Han, SW; Im, SA; Kim, HP; Kim, TY; Min, AR; Nam, HJ; Oh, DY; Song, SH; Yoon, YK, 2012)	0.82
" This trial tested custirsen (OGX-011), an inhibitor of CLU protein production, combined with gemcitabine/platinum in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."	( Phase I/II trial of custirsen (OGX-011), an inhibitor of clusterin, in combination with a gemcitabine and platinum regimen in patients with previously untreated advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cormier, Y; Gitlitz, B; Gleave, ME; Hao, D; Laskin, JJ; Lee, C; Murray, N; Nemunaitis, J; Nicholas, G; Nugent, F; Pressnail, B; Sanborn, R; Stephenson, J; Ung, Y; Vincent, M, 2012)	0.82
" Custirsen was infused during a loading dose period and weekly in combination with gemcitabine (1250 mg/m) on days 1 and 8 and with cisplatin (75 mg/m) or carboplatin (area under the curve 5) on day 1 of each 21-day cycle."	( Phase I/II trial of custirsen (OGX-011), an inhibitor of clusterin, in combination with a gemcitabine and platinum regimen in patients with previously untreated advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cormier, Y; Gitlitz, B; Gleave, ME; Hao, D; Laskin, JJ; Lee, C; Murray, N; Nemunaitis, J; Nicholas, G; Nugent, F; Pressnail, B; Sanborn, R; Stephenson, J; Ung, Y; Vincent, M, 2012)	0.83
"The potential of EHT 6706, a novel tubulin-binding agent, was investigated in combination with ionizing radiation (IR) and with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy agents."	( Assessment of the novel tubulin-binding agent EHT 6706 in combination with ionizing radiation or chemotherapy. Bourhis, J; Casagrande, AS; Chargari, C; Clémenson, C; Désiré, L; Deutsch, E, 2012)	0.38
" There are currently insufficient safety data in human subjects, particularly when ascorbic acid is combined with chemotherapy."	( Phase I evaluation of intravenous ascorbic acid in combination with gemcitabine and erlotinib in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Bazzan, AJ; Deshmukh, S; Levine, M; Littman, S; Mitchell, E; Monti, DA; Newberg, AB; Pillai, MV; Yeo, CJ; Zabrecky, G, 2012)	0.61
" This, combined with the observed response to treatment, suggests the need for a phase II study of longer duration."	( Phase I evaluation of intravenous ascorbic acid in combination with gemcitabine and erlotinib in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Bazzan, AJ; Deshmukh, S; Levine, M; Littman, S; Mitchell, E; Monti, DA; Newberg, AB; Pillai, MV; Yeo, CJ; Zabrecky, G, 2012)	0.61
" Paclitaxel and campthothecin demonstrated the most prominent cytotoxic effect in combination with carbon ion radiotherapy."	( In vitro evaluation of photon and carbon ion radiotherapy in combination with chemotherapy in glioblastoma cells. Brons, S; Combs, SE; Debus, J; Haberer, T; Habermehl, D; Rieken, S; Weber, KJ; Winter, M; Zipp, L, 2012)	0.38
"In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of autologous cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) transfusion used in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) chemotherapy to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma in patients with distant metastasis after radiotherapy."	( Autologous cytokine-induced killer cell transfusion in combination with gemcitabine plus cisplatin regimen chemotherapy for metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Gu, MF; Li, JJ; Liu, LZ; Pan, K; Shen, WX; Xia, JC; Zhang, H, )	0.57
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine in combination with vinorelbine in elderly patients with anthracycline- and taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer (MBC)."	( Gemcitabine in combination with vinorelbine in elderly patients with anthracycline- and taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer. Cui, Y; Dong, N; Guo, Q; Li, H; Wang, M, 2012)	2.09
"Gemcitabine in combination with vinorelbine is active and safe in elderly patients with anthracycline- and taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer."	( Gemcitabine in combination with vinorelbine in elderly patients with anthracycline- and taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer. Cui, Y; Dong, N; Guo, Q; Li, H; Wang, M, 2012)	3.26
"To compare the overall survival rates of good-prognosis carcinomas of an unknown primary site (CUPS) patients treated with cisplatin alone (C) or in combination with gemcitabine (CG)."	( Cisplatin alone or combined with gemcitabine in carcinomas of unknown primary: results of the randomised GEFCAPI 02 trial. Blot, E; Bouzy, J; Chaigneau, L; Culine, S; Fizazi, K; Fourcade, A; Gross-Goupil, M; Kaminsky, MC; Laplanche, A; Lesimple, T; Lortholary, A; Négrier, S; Penel, N; Priou, F; Provencal, J; Voog, E, 2012)	0.86
" The goal of our study was to determine whether RT in combination with isolated lung perfusion increases lung toxicity."	( Isolated lung perfusion with gemcitabine combined with radiotherapy: no additional lung toxicity in an experimental model. De Pooter, C; den Hengst, W; Hendriks, J; Pauwels, P; Van den Weyngaert, D; Van Schil, P; Van Thielen, J; Wittock, A, 2012)	0.67
"Rodents were randomized into eight groups: sham group, RT, intravenous gemcitabine, intravenous gemcitabine combined with RT, isolated lung perfusion with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) or gemcitabine, isolated lung perfusion with HES or gemcitabine combined with RT."	( Isolated lung perfusion with gemcitabine combined with radiotherapy: no additional lung toxicity in an experimental model. De Pooter, C; den Hengst, W; Hendriks, J; Pauwels, P; Van den Weyngaert, D; Van Schil, P; Van Thielen, J; Wittock, A, 2012)	0.9
" After isolated lung perfusion with gemcitabine combined with RT, there was moderate to severe fibrosis and mild to severe haemosiderosis."	( Isolated lung perfusion with gemcitabine combined with radiotherapy: no additional lung toxicity in an experimental model. De Pooter, C; den Hengst, W; Hendriks, J; Pauwels, P; Van den Weyngaert, D; Van Schil, P; Van Thielen, J; Wittock, A, 2012)	0.95
"The aim of this study was to discuss the clinical effectiveness of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) combined with gemcitabine administered by intra-arterial infusion on intermediate and advanced pancreatic cancer."	( [Efficacy evaluation of high intensity focused ultrasound combined with intra-arterial infusion of gemcitabine in the treatment of pancreatic cancer]. Chen, J; Gui, YZ; Long, HX; Sun, Y; Zhang, WH; Zhang, XY; Zhong, GC; Zhu, B, 2012)	0.8
" Twenty-four patients of the experimental group were treated by HIFU combined with gemcitabine, and 24 patients of the the HIFU group were treated by HIFU alone."	( [Efficacy evaluation of high intensity focused ultrasound combined with intra-arterial infusion of gemcitabine in the treatment of pancreatic cancer]. Chen, J; Gui, YZ; Long, HX; Sun, Y; Zhang, WH; Zhang, XY; Zhong, GC; Zhu, B, 2012)	0.82
"This phase 1b dose-escalation study assessed safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of ganitumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) receptor, combined with targeted agents or cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of ganitumab (AMG 479) combined with sorafenib, panitumumab, erlotinib, or gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors. Chan, E; Deng, H; Friberg, G; Gilbert, J; Hwang, YC; Mahalingam, D; McCaffery, I; Michael, SA; Mita, AC; Mita, MM; Mulay, M; Puzanov, I; Rosen, LS; Sarantopoulos, J; Shubhakar, P; Zhu, M, 2012)	0.59
" every 2 weeks) combined with either sorafenib 400 mg twice daily, panitumumab 6 mg/kg every 2 weeks, erlotinib 150 mg once daily, or gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 of each 4-week cycle."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of ganitumab (AMG 479) combined with sorafenib, panitumumab, erlotinib, or gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors. Chan, E; Deng, H; Friberg, G; Gilbert, J; Hwang, YC; Mahalingam, D; McCaffery, I; Michael, SA; Mita, AC; Mita, MM; Mulay, M; Puzanov, I; Rosen, LS; Sarantopoulos, J; Shubhakar, P; Zhu, M, 2012)	0.8
"Ganitumab up to 12 mg/kg appeared well tolerated combined with sorafenib, panitumumab, erlotinib, or gemcitabine."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of ganitumab (AMG 479) combined with sorafenib, panitumumab, erlotinib, or gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors. Chan, E; Deng, H; Friberg, G; Gilbert, J; Hwang, YC; Mahalingam, D; McCaffery, I; Michael, SA; Mita, AC; Mita, MM; Mulay, M; Puzanov, I; Rosen, LS; Sarantopoulos, J; Shubhakar, P; Zhu, M, 2012)	0.81
"Ganitumab up to 12 mg/kg was well tolerated, without adverse effects on pharmacokinetics in combination with either sorafenib, panitumumab, erlotinib, or gemcitabine."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of ganitumab (AMG 479) combined with sorafenib, panitumumab, erlotinib, or gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors. Chan, E; Deng, H; Friberg, G; Gilbert, J; Hwang, YC; Mahalingam, D; McCaffery, I; Michael, SA; Mita, AC; Mita, MM; Mulay, M; Puzanov, I; Rosen, LS; Sarantopoulos, J; Shubhakar, P; Zhu, M, 2012)	0.79
" Here, we report two cases of disseminated TNBC with extensive cutaneous metastases and a remarkable response to PLD in combination with gemcitabine."	( Activity of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in combination with gemcitabine in triple negative breast cancer with skin involvement: two case reports. Adamo, B; Adamo, V; Agostino, RM; Caristi, N; Franchina, T; Proto, C; Ricciardi, GR, 2012)	0.82
" This not only has implications for how this drug combination mediates anticancer effects but also demonstrates the importance of evaluating mechanisms of drug activity within malignant cells."	( Drug interactions: the importance of looking inside cancer cells. Clark, JW, 2012)	0.38
"From September 2008 to October 2011, a total of 31 patients of NSCLC with multiple brain metastases (≥3) received selected incranial, bronchial and corresponding target arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with EGFR-TKIs."	( [Selected arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with target drugs for non-small cell lung cancer with multiple brain metastase]. Guo, Z; Li, J, 2012)	0.38
"We evaluated the efficacy and safety of ganitumab (a mAb antagonist of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor) or conatumumab (a mAb agonist of human death receptor 5) combined with gemcitabine in a randomized phase 2 trial in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer."	( A randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 study of ganitumab (AMG 479) or conatumumab (AMG 655) in combination with gemcitabine in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Bray, SL; Chan, D; Feigal, EG; Fuchs, CS; Galimi, F; Garbo, LE; Garon, EB; Hei, Y; Kindler, HL; Kocs, DM; Loh, E; McGreivy, J; Richards, DA; Rocha-Lima, CM; Safran, H; Stephenson, JJ, 2012)	0.78
" gemcitabine 1000 mg/m(2) (days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycle) combined with open-label ganitumab (12 mg/kg every 2 weeks [Q2W]), double-blind conatumumab (10 mg/kg Q2W), or double-blind placebo Q2W."	( A randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 study of ganitumab (AMG 479) or conatumumab (AMG 655) in combination with gemcitabine in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Bray, SL; Chan, D; Feigal, EG; Fuchs, CS; Galimi, F; Garbo, LE; Garon, EB; Hei, Y; Kindler, HL; Kocs, DM; Loh, E; McGreivy, J; Richards, DA; Rocha-Lima, CM; Safran, H; Stephenson, JJ, 2012)	1.5
"Ganitumab combined with gemcitabine had tolerable toxicity and showed trends toward an improved 6-month survival rate and overall survival."	( A randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 study of ganitumab (AMG 479) or conatumumab (AMG 655) in combination with gemcitabine in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Bray, SL; Chan, D; Feigal, EG; Fuchs, CS; Galimi, F; Garbo, LE; Garon, EB; Hei, Y; Kindler, HL; Kocs, DM; Loh, E; McGreivy, J; Richards, DA; Rocha-Lima, CM; Safran, H; Stephenson, JJ, 2012)	0.9
" A phase 1b safety/efficacy study of dacetuzumab in combination with rituximab and gemcitabine was conducted in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)."	( Pilot study of dacetuzumab in combination with rituximab and gemcitabine for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Bartlett, N; Beaven, A; Drachman, JG; Forero-Torres, A; Lobuglio, AF; Moskowitz, CH; Myint, H; Nasta, S; Northfelt, DW; Whiting, NC, 2013)	0.86
"Huachansu when combined with gemcitabine did not improve the outcome of patients with locally advanced and/or metastatic pancreatic cancer."	( Prospective randomised evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine combined with chemotherapy: a randomised phase II study of wild toad extract plus gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Chang, DZ; Cohen, L; Garrett, CR; Huo, Y; Liu, L; Meng, Z; Ng, CS; Shen, Y; Spelman, AR; Yang, P; Zhao, Q, 2012)	0.87
"To evaluate in vitro effects of gemcitabine alone and in combination with carboplatin on canine transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell lines."	( Effects of gemcitabine and gemcitabine in combination with carboplatin on five canine transitional cell carcinoma cell lines. Chew, DJ; de Brito Galvao, JF; Inpanbutr, N; Kisseberth, WC; Murahari, S; Sutayatram, S, 2012)	1.05
" We also show here that gemcitabine in combination with P276-00 is much more effective as an antitumor agent compared with either agent alone in the PANC-1 xenograft tumor model in SCID mice."	( Molecular evidence for increased antitumor activity of gemcitabine in combination with a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, P276-00 in pancreatic cancers. Joshi, K; Joshi, KS; Khanwalkar, H; Manohar, SM; Rathos, MJ, 2012)	0.93
" Phase IIb clinical trials of P276-00 in combination with gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer patients are ongoing."	( Molecular evidence for increased antitumor activity of gemcitabine in combination with a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, P276-00 in pancreatic cancers. Joshi, K; Joshi, KS; Khanwalkar, H; Manohar, SM; Rathos, MJ, 2012)	0.87
" Recently, fluorouracil/leucovorin combined with irinotecan and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) demonstrated their superiority in first-line therapy."	( Influcence of localization of primary tumor on effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combined with irinotecan and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a retrospective study. Chauffert, B; Gentil, J; Ghiringhelli, F; Lorgis, V, 2012)	0.38
"To explore the efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with Kanglaite Injection (KI) for locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma patients."	( [Curative effect of 3D-CRT combined with gemcitabine concurrently with addition of Kanglaite Injection in treatment of locally advanced pancreatic]. Deng, LC; Shen, WS; Shu, ZQ, 2012)	0.64
"In the present study, the effects of 12-O-tetra-decanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) alone or in combination with gemcitabine on the growth of Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cells cultured in vitro or grown in NCr immunodeficient nude mice were investigated."	( Effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in combination with gemcitabine on Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cells cultured in vitro or Panc-1 tumors grown in immunodeficient mice. Conney, AH; Cui, XX; Gao, Z; Huang, MT; Liu, Y; Rabson, AB; Verano, M; Zheng, X, 2012)	0.81
"In a modified 3 + 3 enrollment scheme, oral once-daily pazopanib was administered with intravenous gemcitabine (Days 1 and 8, 21-day cycles)."	( A Phase I study of pazopanib in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors. Ball, HA; Botbyl, J; Gibson, DM; Jeffels, M; Madi, A; Nokay, B; Plummer, R; Richly, H; Rubin, S; Scheulen, ME; Weller, S, 2013)	0.86
"Due to the various inter-individual differences in the biological characteristics of tumor cells, as well as issues on the efficacy, adverse reactions, and defects of existing drugs, we compared the clinical efficacy and toxicity of pemetrexed and gemcitabine combined with cisplatin for the treatment of previously untreated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."	( [Efficacy and toxicity of pemetrexed or gemcitabine combined with cisplatin in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer]. Cheng, G; Hu, C; Hu, X; Huang, C; Jiao, S; Li, K; Luo, R; Lv, W; Ouyang, X; Sun, Y; Wang, J; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Zhang, S; Zheng, R, 2012)	0.83
"251 patients were randomly divided into pemetrexed combined with cisplatin group (PP group) with 127 cases and gemcitabine combined with cisplatin group (GP group) with 124 cases."	( [Efficacy and toxicity of pemetrexed or gemcitabine combined with cisplatin in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer]. Cheng, G; Hu, C; Hu, X; Huang, C; Jiao, S; Li, K; Luo, R; Lv, W; Ouyang, X; Sun, Y; Wang, J; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Zhang, S; Zheng, R, 2012)	0.86
"The clinical efficacy of pemetrexed and gemcitabine combined with cisplatin for the treatment of previously untreated advanced NSCLC was roughly the same, but the adverse reactions decreased significantly in the PP group compared with those in the GP group."	( [Efficacy and toxicity of pemetrexed or gemcitabine combined with cisplatin in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer]. Cheng, G; Hu, C; Hu, X; Huang, C; Jiao, S; Li, K; Luo, R; Lv, W; Ouyang, X; Sun, Y; Wang, J; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Zhang, S; Zheng, R, 2012)	0.91
"MEK inhibition has clinical activity against biliary cancers and might therefore be successfully combined with gemcitabine, one of the most active chemotherapy agents for these cancers."	( Sequence dependence of MEK inhibitor AZD6244 combined with gemcitabine for the treatment of biliary cancer. Cao, P; Chen, E; Green, DE; Hedley, DW; Ibrahimov, E; Knox, JJ; McNamara, MG; Metran-Nascente, C; Serra, S; Tsao, M; Vines, D; Xu, J, 2013)	0.84
"The purpose of this phase Ib clinical trial was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of PR-104 a bioreductive pre-prodrug given in combination with gemcitabine or docetaxel in patients with advanced solid tumours."	( PR-104 a bioreductive pre-prodrug combined with gemcitabine or docetaxel in a phase Ib study of patients with advanced solid tumours. Gu, Y; Jameson, MB; McKeage, MJ; Melink, TJ; Rajendran, J; Ramanathan, RK; Tchekmedyian, NS; Wilson, WR, 2012)	0.83
"PR-104 was administered as a one-hour intravenous infusion combined with docetaxel 60 to 75 mg/m2 on day one given with or without granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on day two or administrated with gemcitabine 800 mg/m2 on days one and eight, of a 21-day treatment cycle."	( PR-104 a bioreductive pre-prodrug combined with gemcitabine or docetaxel in a phase Ib study of patients with advanced solid tumours. Gu, Y; Jameson, MB; McKeage, MJ; Melink, TJ; Rajendran, J; Ramanathan, RK; Tchekmedyian, NS; Wilson, WR, 2012)	0.82
" The MTD of PR-104 was 140 mg/m2 when combined with gemcitabine, 200 mg/m2 when combined with docetaxel 60 mg/m2, 770 mg/m2 when combined with docetaxel 60 mg/m2 plus G-CSF and ≥770 mg/m2 when combined with docetaxel 75 mg/m2 plus G-CSF."	( PR-104 a bioreductive pre-prodrug combined with gemcitabine or docetaxel in a phase Ib study of patients with advanced solid tumours. Gu, Y; Jameson, MB; McKeage, MJ; Melink, TJ; Rajendran, J; Ramanathan, RK; Tchekmedyian, NS; Wilson, WR, 2012)	0.89
" A recommended dose was identified for phase II trials of PR-104 of 770 mg/m2 combined with docetaxel 60 to 75 mg/m2 both given on day one of a 21-day treatment cycle supported by prophylactic G-CSF (NCT00459836)."	( PR-104 a bioreductive pre-prodrug combined with gemcitabine or docetaxel in a phase Ib study of patients with advanced solid tumours. Gu, Y; Jameson, MB; McKeage, MJ; Melink, TJ; Rajendran, J; Ramanathan, RK; Tchekmedyian, NS; Wilson, WR, 2012)	0.63
" SM-164 could be a promising new agent for treatment of PC in combination with gemcitabine."	( Therapy of Smac mimetic SM-164 in combination with gemcitabine for pancreatic cancer. Chen, G; You, L; Zhang, J; Zhang, TP; Zhao, YP; Zhou, B, 2013)	0.87
"The aim of this study was to investigate prognostic factors of survival for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer treated with nafamostat mesilate combined with gemcitabine chemotherapy."	( Prognostic factors of unresectable pancreatic cancer treated with nafamostat mesilate combined with gemcitabine chemotherapy. Fujiwara, Y; Furukawa, K; Gocho, T; Haruki, K; Iwase, R; Misawa, T; Shiba, H; Uwagawa, T; Yanaga, K, 2012)	0.79
"The study included 41 patients who were diagnosed with unresectable pancreatic cancer and eligible for our clinical study of nafamostat mesilate, combined with gemcitabine chemotherapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer between February 2007 and November 2010 at Jikei University Hospital."	( Prognostic factors of unresectable pancreatic cancer treated with nafamostat mesilate combined with gemcitabine chemotherapy. Fujiwara, Y; Furukawa, K; Gocho, T; Haruki, K; Iwase, R; Misawa, T; Shiba, H; Uwagawa, T; Yanaga, K, 2012)	0.79
"Jaundice, ascites, high lymphocyte count and high serum CA19-9 levels are independent prognostic predictors for poor overall survival of patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer treated with nafamostat mesilate combined with gemcitabine chemotherapy."	( Prognostic factors of unresectable pancreatic cancer treated with nafamostat mesilate combined with gemcitabine chemotherapy. Fujiwara, Y; Furukawa, K; Gocho, T; Haruki, K; Iwase, R; Misawa, T; Shiba, H; Uwagawa, T; Yanaga, K, 2012)	0.78
"The aims of this study were to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of oxaliplatin in combination with fixed doses of gemcitabine, irinotecan, and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (G-FLIE) in solid tumors, including advanced pancreatic cancer, and to evaluate the toxicity of the regimen."	( Phase I study of oxaliplatin in combination with gemcitabine, irinotecan, and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (G-FLIE) in patients with metastatic solid tumors including adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Chalasani, SB; Chung, MS; Grossbard, ML; Kozuch, PS; Malamud, S; Mirzoyev, T; Olszewski, AJ, 2013)	0.85
"The aim of this phase I trial was to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and the recommended dose of erlotinib combined with capecitabine and gemcitabine in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer (APC)."	( Phase I trial of gemcitabine combined with capecitabine and erlotinib in advanced pancreatic cancer: a clinical and pharmacological study. Bennouna, J; Chamorey, E; Douillard, JY; Etienne-Grimaldi, MC; Follana, P; Francois, E; Mari, V; Michel, C; Milano, G; Renée, N; Senellart, H, 2012)	0.91
" Patients had received G (day 1, 1000 mg/m(2)) and Cis (day 2 and 4, 25 mg/m(2)) in combination with RHT (day 2 and 4, 1 h) biweekly for 4 months."	( Gemcitabine and cisplatin combined with regional hyperthermia as second-line treatment in patients with gemcitabine-refractory advanced pancreatic cancer. Abdel-Rahman, S; Berger, F; Dieterle, N; Issels, RD; Milani, V; Salat, C; Tschoep-Lechner, KE, 2013)	1.83
" The aim of this study was to characterize this pancreatic carcinoma model and to determine the effects of Plasma Gun alone or in combination with gemcitabine."	( Effects of a non thermal plasma treatment alone or in combination with gemcitabine in a MIA PaCa2-luc orthotopic pancreatic carcinoma model. Brullé, L; Le Pape, A; Lerondel, S; Martel, E; Pouvesle, JM; Richard, S; Riès, D; Robert, E; Trichet, V; Vandamme, M, 2012)	0.81
"To assess the efficacy and safety of percutaneous cryoablation (PCC) and (125)I seed implantation combined with chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer."	( [Percutaneous cryoablation and (125)I seed implantation combined with chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer: report of 67 cases]. He, LH; Niu, LZ; Xu, KC; Yang, ZZ; Zhou, L; Zuo, JS, 2012)	0.38
"Sixty-seven patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (6 in stage III, 61 in stage IV) received PCC and (125)I seed implantation combined with concomitant gemcitabine hydrochloride and DDP chemotherapy."	( [Percutaneous cryoablation and (125)I seed implantation combined with chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer: report of 67 cases]. He, LH; Niu, LZ; Xu, KC; Yang, ZZ; Zhou, L; Zuo, JS, 2012)	0.58
"Percutaneous cryoablation and (125)I seed implantation combined with chemotherapy are effective and safe for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer."	( [Percutaneous cryoablation and (125)I seed implantation combined with chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer: report of 67 cases]. He, LH; Niu, LZ; Xu, KC; Yang, ZZ; Zhou, L; Zuo, JS, 2012)	0.38
"To evaluate the 6-mo overall survival, safety and tolerability of lenalidomide in combination with standard gemcitabine as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer."	( Lenalidomide in combination with gemcitabine as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic carcinoma of the pancreas: a Sarah Cannon Research Institute phase II trial. Arkenau, HT; Bendell, JC; Burris, HA; Hainsworth, JD; Infante, JR; Jones, GT; Lane, CM; Rubin, MS; Spigel, DR; Waterhouse, D, 2013)	0.88
"HAI nab-paclitaxel in combination with gemcitabine and bevacizumab was well tolerated and had antitumor activity in selected patients with advanced cancer and liver metastases."	( A phase I study of hepatic arterial infusion of nab-paclitaxel in combination with intravenous gemcitabine and bevacizumab for patients with advanced cancers and predominant liver metastases. Hess, KR; Hong, D; Naing, A; Nwosu, U; Tsimberidou, AM; Wheler, J; Wolff, RA; Ye, Y, 2013)	0.88
"To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) inhibitor upamostat in combination with gemcitabine in locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (LAPC)."	( Phase II randomised proof-of-concept study of the urokinase inhibitor upamostat (WX-671) in combination with gemcitabine compared with gemcitabine alone in patients with non-resectable, locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Bevan, P; Boeck, S; Ebert, MP; Heinemann, V; Laubender, RP; Mala, C, 2013)	0.81
"Within a prospective multicenter study, LAPC patients were randomly assigned to receive 1000 mg m(-2) of gemcitabine IV weekly either alone (arm A) or in combination with 200 mg (arm B) or 400 mg (arm C) oral upamostat daily."	( Phase II randomised proof-of-concept study of the urokinase inhibitor upamostat (WX-671) in combination with gemcitabine compared with gemcitabine alone in patients with non-resectable, locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Bevan, P; Boeck, S; Ebert, MP; Heinemann, V; Laubender, RP; Mala, C, 2013)	0.82
" We have designed a trial to assess whether first-line chemotherapy using liposomal paclitaxel combined with cisplatin (LP regimen) is superior to gemcitabine combined with cisplatin (GP regimen) in efficacy (both short-term and long-term efficacy) and safety (adverse events; AEs)."	( Assessing the effectiveness and safety of liposomal paclitaxel in combination with cisplatin as first-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced NSCLC with regional lymph-node metastasis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (PLC-GC trial). Bingjing, Z; Hu, L; Liang, G; Rufu, X; Xiangdong, Z; Yuliang, W, 2013)	0.59
" Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor,markedly enhanced the cytotoxic effects of panobinostat combined with gemcitabine."	( Identification of unique synergistic drug combinations associated with downexpression of survivin in a preclinical breast cancer model system. Budman, DR; Calabro, A; Lesser, M; Rosen, L, 2012)	0.59
" There were no clinically significant drug-drug interactions."	( Sunitinib in combination with gemcitabine for advanced solid tumours: a phase I dose-finding study. Chen, I; McDermott, DF; Michaelson, MD; Patyna, S; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Ryan, DP; Schwarzberg, AB; Shapiro, GI; Stephenson, P; Tye, L; Zhu, AX, 2013)	0.68
"Sunitinib plus gemcitabine on Schedule 2/1 with growth factor support was well tolerated and safely administered at maximum doses of each drug, without significant drug-drug interactions."	( Sunitinib in combination with gemcitabine for advanced solid tumours: a phase I dose-finding study. Chen, I; McDermott, DF; Michaelson, MD; Patyna, S; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Ryan, DP; Schwarzberg, AB; Shapiro, GI; Stephenson, P; Tye, L; Zhu, AX, 2013)	1.03
"Oral MSC1992371A can be administered at a MTD of 37 mg/m(2) in combination with the standard 1,000 mg/m(2) dose of gemcitabine, but hematologic toxicity requires careful monitoring."	( A phase I schedule dependency study of the aurora kinase inhibitor MSC1992371A in combination with gemcitabine in patients with solid tumors. Alexandre, J; Awada, A; Besse-Hammer, T; Faivre, S; Gianella-Borradori, A; Goldwasser, F; Jego, V; Raymond, E; Rejeb, N; Trandafir, L, 2014)	0.83
" BLU in combination with gemcitabine arrested the cell cycle at the G1-G0 phase and induced apoptosis."	( BLU enhances the effects of anti-angiogenic activity in combination with gemcitabine-based chemotherapeutic agents. Byun, HJ; Kim, BR; Park, SY; Rho, SB; Yoo, HJ, 2013)	0.92
"This phase 1b study determined the safety, tolerability, and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) and schedule of trametinib in combination with gemcitabine."	( A phase 1b study of trametinib, an oral Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor, in combination with gemcitabine in advanced solid tumours. Bellew, KM; Bendell, JC; Burris, HA; Cox, DS; Durante, M; Infante, JR; Jones, SF; Le, NT; Papadopoulos, KP; Park, JJ; Patnaik, A; Rasco, D; Smith, L; Tolcher, AW, 2013)	0.8
" During expansion, trametinib 2mg was combined with gemcitabine."	( A phase 1b study of trametinib, an oral Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor, in combination with gemcitabine in advanced solid tumours. Bellew, KM; Bendell, JC; Burris, HA; Cox, DS; Durante, M; Infante, JR; Jones, SF; Le, NT; Papadopoulos, KP; Park, JJ; Patnaik, A; Rasco, D; Smith, L; Tolcher, AW, 2013)	0.85
"Administration of trametinib at its full monotherapy dose of 2mg daily in combination with standard gemcitabine dosing (1000 mg/m(2) IV Days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days) was feasible."	( A phase 1b study of trametinib, an oral Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor, in combination with gemcitabine in advanced solid tumours. Bellew, KM; Bendell, JC; Burris, HA; Cox, DS; Durante, M; Infante, JR; Jones, SF; Le, NT; Papadopoulos, KP; Park, JJ; Patnaik, A; Rasco, D; Smith, L; Tolcher, AW, 2013)	0.82
" Elimination of Tregs alone or in combination with DC-based vaccination had no effect on pancreatic tumor growth or survival."	( Dendritic cell immunotherapy combined with gemcitabine chemotherapy enhances survival in a murine model of pancreatic carcinoma. Ghansah, T; Kinney, K; Kodumudi, K; Pilon-Thomas, S; Sarnaik, AA; Springett, G; Vohra, N; Weber, A, 2013)	0.65
"To establish the recommended phase II dose of the oral γ-secretase inhibitor RO4929097 (RO) in combination with gemcitabine; secondary objectives include the evaluation of safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, biomarkers of Notch signaling and preliminary anti-tumor activity."	( A phase I study of the oral gamma secretase inhibitor R04929097 in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors (PHL-078/CTEP 8575). Bedard, PL; Chen, EX; Chen, Z; Clarke, BA; Cohen, B; Hirte, HW; Hotte, SJ; Ivy, SP; McWhirter, E; Moore, MJ; Oza, AM; Razak, AR; Reedijk, M; Richter, S; Siu, LL; Stathis, A; Tran, B; Wang, L; Zhang, WJ, 2014)	0.84
" The recommended phase II dose of RO was 30 mg in combination with gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m(2)."	( A phase I study of the oral gamma secretase inhibitor R04929097 in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors (PHL-078/CTEP 8575). Bedard, PL; Chen, EX; Chen, Z; Clarke, BA; Cohen, B; Hirte, HW; Hotte, SJ; Ivy, SP; McWhirter, E; Moore, MJ; Oza, AM; Razak, AR; Reedijk, M; Richter, S; Siu, LL; Stathis, A; Tran, B; Wang, L; Zhang, WJ, 2014)	0.86
" Here we report the first phase 2 study of erlotinib in combination with adjuvant chemoradiation and chemotherapy for resected PDAC."	( Phase 2 study of erlotinib combined with adjuvant chemoradiation and chemotherapy in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer. Blackford, AL; Cameron, JL; Choti, MA; De Jesus-Acosta, A; Donehower, RC; Edil, BH; Ellsworth, S; Fan, KY; Hacker-Prietz, A; Herman, JM; Hidalgo, M; Hruban, RH; Laheru, DA; Le, DT; Pawlik, TM; Schulick, RD; Wild, AT; Wolfgang, CL; Wood, LD; Zheng, L, 2013)	0.39
"Erlotinib can be safely administered with adjuvant IMRT-based CRT and chemotherapy."	( Phase 2 study of erlotinib combined with adjuvant chemoradiation and chemotherapy in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer. Blackford, AL; Cameron, JL; Choti, MA; De Jesus-Acosta, A; Donehower, RC; Edil, BH; Ellsworth, S; Fan, KY; Hacker-Prietz, A; Herman, JM; Hidalgo, M; Hruban, RH; Laheru, DA; Le, DT; Pawlik, TM; Schulick, RD; Wild, AT; Wolfgang, CL; Wood, LD; Zheng, L, 2013)	0.39
"To investigate the inhibitory effect of geraniol alone, or in combination with gemcitabine, on the proliferation of BXPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells."	( Inhibitory effect of geraniol in combination with gemcitabine on proliferation of BXPC-3 human pancreatic cancer cells. Jin, X; Liu, G; Miao, X; Sun, J; Zhong, D, 2013)	0.87
" Geraniol alone or combined with gemcitabine induced BXPC-3 cell apoptosis."	( Inhibitory effect of geraniol in combination with gemcitabine on proliferation of BXPC-3 human pancreatic cancer cells. Jin, X; Liu, G; Miao, X; Sun, J; Zhong, D, 2013)	0.92
"To examine the antagonistic effects of anti-extracellular matrix metalloprotease inducer (anti-EMMPRIN) antibody when combined with chemotherapy using a hypovascular pancreatic tumor model."	( Antagonistic effects of anti-EMMPRIN antibody when combined with chemotherapy against hypovascular pancreatic cancers. Beasley, TM; Boothman, DA; Buchsbaum, DJ; Kim, H; Lee, SK; Li, LS; Martin, A; Rigell, CJ; Samuel, SL; Stockard, CR; Umphrey, HR; Zhai, G; Zinn, KR, 2014)	0.4
" Similarly, tumor growth was significantly suppressed by β-lapachone alone, and additive effects were noted when combined with gemcitabine, but the therapeutic efficacy was reduced when anti-EMMPRIN antibody was added."	( Antagonistic effects of anti-EMMPRIN antibody when combined with chemotherapy against hypovascular pancreatic cancers. Beasley, TM; Boothman, DA; Buchsbaum, DJ; Kim, H; Lee, SK; Li, LS; Martin, A; Rigell, CJ; Samuel, SL; Stockard, CR; Umphrey, HR; Zhai, G; Zinn, KR, 2014)	0.61
"To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of pemetrexed or gemcitabine combined with carboplatin as the first-line therapy in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."	( [Efficacy and safety of pemetrexed or gemcitabine combined with carboplatin as the first-line therapy in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer]. Shi, X; Yu, XM; Zhang, YP; Zhao, J, 2013)	0.9
" Thus, pemetrexed combined with carboplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic regimen for advanced NSCLC in elderly patients."	( [Efficacy and safety of pemetrexed or gemcitabine combined with carboplatin as the first-line therapy in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer]. Shi, X; Yu, XM; Zhang, YP; Zhao, J, 2013)	0.66
"This open-label, Phase I, dose-escalation study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and preliminary efficacy (RECIST) of AZD7762 alone and in combination with gemcitabine in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumours (NCT00937664)."	( Phase I, dose-escalation study of AZD7762 alone and in combination with gemcitabine in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumours. Agbo, F; Arita, S; Esaki, T; Fujimoto, C; Hamatake, M; Hirai, F; Kometani, T; Makiyama, A; Nosaki, K; Seto, T; Shi, X; Takeoka, H, 2013)	0.82
"The maximum tolerated dose of AZD7762 in combination with gemcitabine, 1,000 mg/m(2) was determined as 21 mg in Japanese patients."	( Phase I, dose-escalation study of AZD7762 alone and in combination with gemcitabine in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumours. Agbo, F; Arita, S; Esaki, T; Fujimoto, C; Hamatake, M; Hirai, F; Kometani, T; Makiyama, A; Nosaki, K; Seto, T; Shi, X; Takeoka, H, 2013)	0.87
" The objective of this research was to enhance the efficacy and drug-resistance for pancreatic carcinoma by using inhibition of SIRT1 combined with gemcitabine therapy methods."	( Inhibition of SIRT1 combined with gemcitabine therapy for pancreatic carcinoma. Gong, DJ; Guo, QQ; Yu, M; Zhang, JM; Zhuang, B, 2013)	0.87
"To assess the efficacy and safety of carboplatin-based chemotherapy when compared with cisplatin-based chemotherapy, both in combination with a third-generation drug, in people with advanced NSCLC."	( Cisplatin versus carboplatin in combination with third-generation drugs for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. da Silva, EM; de Castria, TB; Gois, AF; Riera, R, 2013)	0.39
"Randomised clinical trials comparing regimens with carboplatin or cisplatin combined with a third-generation drug in people with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC."	( Cisplatin versus carboplatin in combination with third-generation drugs for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. da Silva, EM; de Castria, TB; Gois, AF; Riera, R, 2013)	0.39
"This phase I study investigated the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), safety, pharmacodynamics, immunologic correlatives, and antitumor activity of CP-870,893, an agonist CD40 antibody, when administered in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA)."	( A phase I study of an agonist CD40 monoclonal antibody (CP-870,893) in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Alavi, A; Beatty, GL; Brothers, A; Chiorean, EG; O'Dwyer, PJ; Saboury, B; Sun, W; Teitelbaum, UR; Torigian, DA; Troxel, AB; Vonderheide, RH, 2013)	0.8
"CP-870,893 in combination with gemcitabine was well-tolerated and associated with antitumor activity in patients with PDA."	( A phase I study of an agonist CD40 monoclonal antibody (CP-870,893) in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Alavi, A; Beatty, GL; Brothers, A; Chiorean, EG; O'Dwyer, PJ; Saboury, B; Sun, W; Teitelbaum, UR; Torigian, DA; Troxel, AB; Vonderheide, RH, 2013)	0.9
"We aimed at investigating in vitro the cytotoxic activity (determined using WST-1, apoptosis and cell cycle assays) of gemcitabine, alone or in combination with mitotane, in mitotane-sensitive H295R and mitotane-insensitive SW-13 cells."	( Cytotoxic activity of gemcitabine, alone or in combination with mitotane, in adrenocortical carcinoma cell lines. Berruti, A; Carturan, S; Germano, A; Lo Buono, N; Papotti, M; Rapa, I; Terzolo, M; Volante, M, 2014)	0.93
" We selected those patients for our study who were receiving treatment with paclitaxel, gemcitabine or etoposide in combination with platinum based drugs."	( Survival analysis in advanced non small cell lung cancer treated with platinum based chemotherapy in combination with paclitaxel, gemcitabine and etoposide. Jamil, K; Naidu Madireddy, UR; Natukula, K; Pingali, UR; Suresh Attili, VS, 2013)	0.82
"To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of double-mutated oncolytic adenovirus AxdAdB-3 in combination with gemcitabine for treating bladder cancer in an orthotopic nude mouse model."	( [Double-mutated oncolytic adenovirus combined with gemcitabine for treating an orthotopic nude mouse model of bladder cancer]. Chen, GP; Li, DC; Li, FY; Liu, Z; Wang, H; Wang, ZP; Zhao, Y, 2013)	0.85
" AxdAdB-3 combined with gemcitabine significantly inhibited the growth of bladder cancer cell lines."	( [Double-mutated oncolytic adenovirus combined with gemcitabine for treating an orthotopic nude mouse model of bladder cancer]. Chen, GP; Li, DC; Li, FY; Liu, Z; Wang, H; Wang, ZP; Zhao, Y, 2013)	0.95
"Intravesical instillation therapy with AxdAdB-3 in combination with gemcitabine can effectively inhibit the orthotopic bladder cancer in nude mouse, and further relevant clinical studies are guaranteed."	( [Double-mutated oncolytic adenovirus combined with gemcitabine for treating an orthotopic nude mouse model of bladder cancer]. Chen, GP; Li, DC; Li, FY; Liu, Z; Wang, H; Wang, ZP; Zhao, Y, 2013)	0.88
"L19-tumor necrosis factor alpha (L19mTNF-α; L), a fusion protein consisting of mouse TNFα and the human antibody fragment L19 directed to the extra domain-B (ED-B) of fibronectin, is able to selectively target tumor vasculature and to exert a long-lasting therapeutic activity in combination with melphalan (M) in syngeneic mouse tumor models."	( Schedule-dependent therapeutic efficacy of L19mTNF-α and melphalan combined with gemcitabine. Balza, E; Borsi, L; Carnemolla, B; Castellani, P; Mortara, L; Orecchia, P, 2013)	0.62
" In addition three other human tumour cell lines (A549: lung, LN-229: glioblastoma, PANC-1: pancreas) were tested for the combination with camptothecin."	( Comparison of the effects of photon versus carbon ion irradiation when combined with chemotherapy in vitro. Brons, S; Combs, SE; Debus, J; Haberer, T; Schlaich, F; Weber, KJ, 2013)	0.39
" In combination with chemotherapy additive toxicity was the prevailing effect."	( Comparison of the effects of photon versus carbon ion irradiation when combined with chemotherapy in vitro. Brons, S; Combs, SE; Debus, J; Haberer, T; Schlaich, F; Weber, KJ, 2013)	0.39
" In H460 xenografts, CKD-516 combined with gemcitabine significantly delayed tumor growth up to 57 % and 36 % as compared to control and gemcitabine alone, respectively."	( CKD-516 displays vascular disrupting properties and enhances anti-tumor activity in combination with chemotherapy in a murine tumor model. Cha, H; Cho, WJ; Dung, le TK; Lee, HY; Lee, SJ; Min, YJ; Moon, CH; Park, JW, 2014)	0.67
"CKD-516 is a novel agent with vascular disrupting properties and enhances anti-tumor activity in combination with chemotherapy."	( CKD-516 displays vascular disrupting properties and enhances anti-tumor activity in combination with chemotherapy in a murine tumor model. Cha, H; Cho, WJ; Dung, le TK; Lee, HY; Lee, SJ; Min, YJ; Moon, CH; Park, JW, 2014)	0.4
" IFN-γ-producing cells were induced by the KIF20A-derived peptide vaccine at a high rate, even in combination with GEM."	( A phase I clinical trial of vaccination with KIF20A-derived peptide in combination with gemcitabine for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Hazama, S; Iida, M; Matsui, H; Oka, M; Shindo, Y; Suzuki, N; Takeda, K; Ueno, T; Yoshimura, K; Yoshino, S, 2014)	0.62
"01), but all significantly smaller than that in the control group; HIFU combined with gemcitabine resulted in the most obvious reduction in the tumor volume."	( [Effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with gemcitabine on subcutaneous pancreatic cancer in nude mice]. Fang, L; Hu, H; Li, F; Liu, L; Mao, Y; Zhu, H, 2013)	0.86
"HIFU therapy produces definite therapeutic effect on human pancreatic cancer in the nude mouse model, and its combination with chemotherapy is the optimal treatment modality."	( [Effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with gemcitabine on subcutaneous pancreatic cancer in nude mice]. Fang, L; Hu, H; Li, F; Liu, L; Mao, Y; Zhu, H, 2013)	0.63
"To determine the maximum tolerated dose and the recommended dose (RD) for phase II trials of elisidepsin (Irvalec®) in combination with carboplatin or gemcitabine."	( Phase I study of elisidepsin (Irvalec®) in combination with carboplatin or gemcitabine in patients with advanced malignancies. Alexandre, J; Coronado, C; Dios, JL; Faivre, S; Fernández-García, EM; Goldwasser, F; Kahatt, CM; Miguel-Lillo, B; Paramio, PG; Raymond, E, 2014)	0.83
"Infra-optimal doses of elisidepsin and carboplatin and a lack of antitumor activity despite using active drug concentrations in combination with gemcitabine do not warrant further clinical development for these two combinations."	( Phase I study of elisidepsin (Irvalec®) in combination with carboplatin or gemcitabine in patients with advanced malignancies. Alexandre, J; Coronado, C; Dios, JL; Faivre, S; Fernández-García, EM; Goldwasser, F; Kahatt, CM; Miguel-Lillo, B; Paramio, PG; Raymond, E, 2014)	0.83
" This phase 2 trial evaluated the efficacy of tigatuzumab combined with gemcitabine in 62 chemotherapy-naive patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed unresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer."	( Phase 2, multicenter, open-label study of tigatuzumab (CS-1008), a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting death receptor 5, in combination with gemcitabine in chemotherapy-naive patients with unresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer. Arrowsmith, E; Austin, T; Beckman, R; Forero-Torres, A; Greenberg, J; Hart, L; He, AR; Infante, JR; Jin, X; Rosen, M; Saleh, M; Trent, D; Vickers, S; von Roemeling, R; Wade, J; Wang, Q; Waterhouse, D; Wong, L, 2013)	0.82
"Forty-two patients received AZD7762 6 mg (n = 9), 9 mg (n = 3), 14 mg (n = 6), 21 mg (n = 3), 30 mg (n = 7), 32 mg (n = 6), and 40 mg (n = 8), in combination with gemcitabine."	( Phase I dose-escalation study of AZD7762, a checkpoint kinase inhibitor, in combination with gemcitabine in US patients with advanced solid tumors. Agbo, F; Azad, N; Barker, P; Carducci, M; Carter, J; Cosgrove, D; Knight, R; Lorusso, P; Malburg, L; Oakes, P; Quinn, MF; Sausville, E; Senderowicz, A; Zabludoff, S, 2014)	0.82
"The maximum-tolerated dose of AZD7762 in combination with gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) was 30 mg."	( Phase I dose-escalation study of AZD7762, a checkpoint kinase inhibitor, in combination with gemcitabine in US patients with advanced solid tumors. Agbo, F; Azad, N; Barker, P; Carducci, M; Carter, J; Cosgrove, D; Knight, R; Lorusso, P; Malburg, L; Oakes, P; Quinn, MF; Sausville, E; Senderowicz, A; Zabludoff, S, 2014)	0.87
" WT1 vaccine in combination with gemcitabine was well tolerated for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer."	( Wilms tumor gene (WT1) peptide-based cancer vaccine combined with gemcitabine for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Doki, Y; Eguchi, H; Hara, K; Homma, S; Hosen, N; Ikegami, M; Ito, T; Kawase, I; Kitagawa, T; Koido, S; Komita, H; Kumanogoh, A; Mori, M; Morimoto, S; Morita, S; Nagano, H; Nakae, Y; Nakata, J; Nishida, S; Ohkusa, T; Oji, Y; Oka, Y; Sakamoto, J; Sugiyama, H; Tajiri, H; Takahara, A; Takeda, Y; Tanaka, T; Toyama, Y; Tsuboi, A; Wada, H; Yanagisawa, S, )	0.65
"This study was aimed to investigate the effect of Honokiol (HNK) combined with Gemcitabine (GEM) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human Burkitt lymphoma Raji cells."	( [Honokiol combined with Gemcitabine synergistically inhibits the proliferation of human Burkitt lymphoma cells and induces their apoptosis]. Fan, JX; Guo, KY; Hung, YX; Wang, J; Xu, XJ; Ye, YB; Zhang, MW, 2014)	0.94
" TL-118, a novel drug combination has been recently developed to inhibit tumor angiogenesis."	( TL-118 and gemcitabine drug combination display therapeutic efficacy in a MYCN amplified orthotopic neuroblastoma murine model--evaluation by MRI. Abramovitch, R; Corchia, N; Dery, E; Fried, I; Gross, E; Komar-Stossel, C; Meir, K, 2014)	0.79
"To evaluate the therapy effects of (125)I implantation combined with chemoradiotherapy on pancreatic cancer patients."	( (125)I particle implantation combined with chemoradiotherapy to treat advanced pancreatic cancer. Di, XY; Guo, JM; Jiang, HT; Yu, Q; Yu, YP; Zhu, Y, 2014)	0.4
"(125)I implanted into tumour combined with chemoradiotherapy has higher local control rate of advanced pancreatic cancer than chemoradiotherapy."	( (125)I particle implantation combined with chemoradiotherapy to treat advanced pancreatic cancer. Di, XY; Guo, JM; Jiang, HT; Yu, Q; Yu, YP; Zhu, Y, 2014)	0.4
" In combination with gemcitabine, the peptide demonstrated enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity as well as tumor growth inhibition in an animal model."	( Anti-tumor efficacy of a therapeutic peptide based on thermo-responsive elastin-like polypeptide in combination with gemcitabine. Raucher, D; Ryu, JS, 2014)	0.93
" This study was conducted to elucidate the safety and efficacy of palliative chemotherapy with gemcitabine or pemetrexed, both in combination with a platinum agent in NSCLC patients with ILD."	( Safety and efficacy of gemcitabine or pemetrexed in combination with a platinum in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and prior interstitial lung disease. Ahn, JS; Ahn, MJ; Chang, W; Choi, MK; Chung, MP; Hong, JY; Jung, HA; Kim, M; Kim, S; Lee, SJ; Park, K; Park, S; Sun, JM, 2014)	0.93
"Patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC and ILD who received gemcitabine or pemetrexed in combination with a platinum agent as first-line chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed."	( Safety and efficacy of gemcitabine or pemetrexed in combination with a platinum in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and prior interstitial lung disease. Ahn, JS; Ahn, MJ; Chang, W; Choi, MK; Chung, MP; Hong, JY; Jung, HA; Kim, M; Kim, S; Lee, SJ; Park, K; Park, S; Sun, JM, 2014)	0.95
"Our results suggest that gemcitabine or pemetrexed in combination with platinum agents could be a feasible option for advanced NSCLC with ILD with some risk of AE-ILD or early death."	( Safety and efficacy of gemcitabine or pemetrexed in combination with a platinum in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and prior interstitial lung disease. Ahn, JS; Ahn, MJ; Chang, W; Choi, MK; Chung, MP; Hong, JY; Jung, HA; Kim, M; Kim, S; Lee, SJ; Park, K; Park, S; Sun, JM, 2014)	1.02
"Patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors were treated with escalating doses of tivantinib (120-360 mg capsules) in combination with gemcitabine (1000 mg/m(2) weekly for 3 of 4 weeks)."	( A phase I dose escalation study of oral c-MET inhibitor tivantinib (ARQ 197) in combination with gemcitabine in patients with solid tumors. Abbadessa, G; Bendell, J; Camacho, LH; Chen, Y; Infante, JR; Jones, S; Kazakin, J; Kurkjian, CD; Moore, KM; Pant, S; Saleh, M; Schwartz, B; Wang, Y, 2014)	0.82
"This Phase 1 study aimed to determine the recommended Phase 2 dose of LY2334737, an oral gemcitabine prodrug, when combined with standard dose docetaxel treatment in patients with advanced solid tumors."	( Phase 1 dose escalation and pharmacokinetic evaluation of oral gemcitabine prodrug (LY2334737) in combination with docetaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors. Aguirre, E; Benhadji, KA; Callies, S; Garcia, M; Gil-Martín, M; Llombart, A; Morales, S; Oaknin, A; Salazar, R; Wickremsinhe, ER, 2014)	0.86
" PK data were consistent with the first-in-man study of LY2334737 and did not reveal any drug-drug interaction between LY2334737 and docetaxel."	( Phase 1 dose escalation and pharmacokinetic evaluation of oral gemcitabine prodrug (LY2334737) in combination with docetaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors. Aguirre, E; Benhadji, KA; Callies, S; Garcia, M; Gil-Martín, M; Llombart, A; Morales, S; Oaknin, A; Salazar, R; Wickremsinhe, ER, 2014)	0.64
" However, ganitumab 20 mg/kg in combination with gemcitabine had not been administered to patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer."	( Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity of ganitumab, an investigational fully human monoclonal antibody to insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor, combined with gemcitabine as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic pancr Fukutomi, A; Gansert, J; Ikeda, M; Kobayashi, Y; Okusaka, T; Shibayama, K; Takubo, T, 2014)	0.85
" No apparent pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction was observed."	( Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity of ganitumab, an investigational fully human monoclonal antibody to insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor, combined with gemcitabine as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic pancr Fukutomi, A; Gansert, J; Ikeda, M; Kobayashi, Y; Okusaka, T; Shibayama, K; Takubo, T, 2014)	0.59
"Ganitumab 20 mg/kg combined with gemcitabine 1000 mg/m(2) was tolerable and showed an acceptable safety profile in patients with untreated metastatic pancreatic cancer."	( Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity of ganitumab, an investigational fully human monoclonal antibody to insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor, combined with gemcitabine as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic pancr Fukutomi, A; Gansert, J; Ikeda, M; Kobayashi, Y; Okusaka, T; Shibayama, K; Takubo, T, 2014)	0.87
"To evaluate the curative effect and clinical application of hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy combined with endogenetic field tumor hyperthermia (EFTH) in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma."	( Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with endogenetic hyperthermia treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Chen, YT; Sun, HL; Teng, H; Xu, LF; Yao, HR, )	0.13
"HAI chemotherapy combined with EFTH is safe, minimally invasive, and well tolerated."	( Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with endogenetic hyperthermia treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Chen, YT; Sun, HL; Teng, H; Xu, LF; Yao, HR, )	0.13
" In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of treatment with systemic gemcitabine (GEM) combined with HAIC with cisplatin (CDDP), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and isovorin in patients with advanced ICC."	( Systemic gemcitabine combined with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and isovorin for the treatment of advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a pilot study. Harima, Y; Hidaka, I; Ishikawa, T; Marumoto, M; Marumoto, Y; Saeki, I; Sakaida, I; Segawa, M; Takami, T; Terai, S; Uchida, K; Urata, Y; Yamaguchi, Y; Yamasaki, T, )	0.78
"Seven patients with advanced ICC, who received systemic GEM combined with HAIC with CDDP, 5-FU, and isovorin were studied."	( Systemic gemcitabine combined with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and isovorin for the treatment of advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a pilot study. Harima, Y; Hidaka, I; Ishikawa, T; Marumoto, M; Marumoto, Y; Saeki, I; Sakaida, I; Segawa, M; Takami, T; Terai, S; Uchida, K; Urata, Y; Yamaguchi, Y; Yamasaki, T, )	0.55
"Although this is a pilot study, we suggest that systemic GEM combined with HAIC with CDDP, 5-FU, and isovorin, may be a useful therapy for patients with advanced ICC."	( Systemic gemcitabine combined with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and isovorin for the treatment of advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a pilot study. Harima, Y; Hidaka, I; Ishikawa, T; Marumoto, M; Marumoto, Y; Saeki, I; Sakaida, I; Segawa, M; Takami, T; Terai, S; Uchida, K; Urata, Y; Yamaguchi, Y; Yamasaki, T, )	0.55
" Combination with standard chemotherapy may strengthen antitumor therapy."	( A phase I dose escalation trial of tremelimumab (CP-675,206) in combination with gemcitabine in chemotherapy-naive patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Aglietta, M; Bagalà, C; Barone, C; Cagnazzo, C; Colombi, F; Fly, KD; Gioeni, L; Huang, B; Leone, F; Miller, WH; Moore, MJ; Sawyer, MB; Wang, E, 2014)	0.63
"To investigate the safety, optimal dosing, pharmacokinetics and clinical activity of a regimen of navitoclax (ABT-263) combined with gemcitabine in patients with solid tumors."	( A phase I clinical trial of navitoclax, a targeted high-affinity Bcl-2 family inhibitor, in combination with gemcitabine in patients with solid tumors. Busman, T; Cleary, JM; Franklin, C; Graham, A; Holen, K; Hurwitz, HI; Lima, CM; Mabry, M; Montero, AJ; Shapiro, GI; Uronis, H; Yang, J, 2014)	0.82
" No clinically significant pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions were observed."	( A phase I clinical trial of navitoclax, a targeted high-affinity Bcl-2 family inhibitor, in combination with gemcitabine in patients with solid tumors. Busman, T; Cleary, JM; Franklin, C; Graham, A; Holen, K; Hurwitz, HI; Lima, CM; Mabry, M; Montero, AJ; Shapiro, GI; Uronis, H; Yang, J, 2014)	0.61
" In calu-6 xenografts, LY2835219 in combination with gemcitabine enhanced in vivo antitumor activity without a G1 cell cycle arrest, but was associated with a reduction of ribonucleotide reductase expression."	( Preclinical characterization of the CDK4/6 inhibitor LY2835219: in-vivo cell cycle-dependent/independent anti-tumor activities alone/in combination with gemcitabine. Ajamie, RT; Cai, S; Chan, EM; Cronier, D; de Dios, A; Del Prado, M; Flack, RS; Gelbert, LM; Iversen, P; Kreklau, E; Lallena, MJ; Lin, X; Neubauer, BL; Sanchez-Martinez, C; Torres, R; Wishart, GN; Young, J, 2014)	0.85
" Carlumab could be safely administered at 10 or 15 mg/kg in combination with standard-of-care chemotherapy and was well-tolerated, although no long-term suppression of serum CCL2 or significant tumor responses were observed."	( Carlumab, an anti-C-C chemokine ligand 2 monoclonal antibody, in combination with four chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of patients with solid tumors: an open-label, multicenter phase 1b study. Brana, I; Calles, A; Calvo, E; de Boer, CJ; LoRusso, PM; Puchalski, TA; Seetharam, S; Tabernero, J; Yee, LK; Zhong, B, 2015)	0.42
" This systematic evaluation compared the efficacy and safety profiles of gemcitabine combined with targeted agents (GEM + TA) versus gemcitabine administered as monotherapy or combined with placebo (GEM ± PLC) in LA/MPC patients."	( Comparison of gemcitabine combined with targeted agent therapy versus gemcitabine monotherapy in the management of advanced pancreatic cancer. Cao, B; Li, Q; Wen, Z; Yan, H; Yuan, Z; Zhang, R, 2014)	0.99
" Treatment was administered with gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8), cisplatin (70 mg/m(2)), or carboplatin (AUC 5) on day 1, and dovitinib (orally on days 1-5, 8-12, and 15-19), every 21 days."	( Phase Ib study of dovitinib in combination with gemcitabine plus cisplatin or gemcitabine plus carboplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors. Galsky, MD; Gimpel-Tetra, K; Godbold, J; Holcombe, RF; Lee, KM; Lowe, N; Misiukiewicz, K; Oh, WK; Posner, M; Soto, R; Tsao, CK, 2014)	0.94
"Dovitinib in combination with gemcitabine plus cisplatin or gemcitabine plus carboplatin was poorly tolerated due to myelosuppression."	( Phase Ib study of dovitinib in combination with gemcitabine plus cisplatin or gemcitabine plus carboplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors. Galsky, MD; Gimpel-Tetra, K; Godbold, J; Holcombe, RF; Lee, KM; Lowe, N; Misiukiewicz, K; Oh, WK; Posner, M; Soto, R; Tsao, CK, 2014)	0.95
" We conducted a phase II trial to determine the safety and efficacy of Endostar, an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis, in combination with GC chemotherapy."	( A phase II trial of Endostar combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy in patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NCT01612286). Chen, XZ; Jin, T; Li, B, 2013)	0.65
"In this study, we compared the efficacy and safety of the oral fluoropyrimidine S-1 as monotherapy or in combination with leucovorin as the second-line treatment for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer whose disease had progressed on gemcitabine treatment."	( S-1 as monotherapy or in combination with leucovorin as second-line treatment in gemcitabine-refractory advanced pancreatic cancer: a randomized, open-label, multicenter, phase II study. Ba, Y; Bai, Y; Ge, F; Jia, R; Li, F; Lin, L; Wang, Y; Xu, H; Xu, J; Xu, N; Zhang, Y, 2014)	0.81
" Patients randomly received S-1 or S-1 in combination with leucovorin (SL arm) in 21-day cycles."	( S-1 as monotherapy or in combination with leucovorin as second-line treatment in gemcitabine-refractory advanced pancreatic cancer: a randomized, open-label, multicenter, phase II study. Ba, Y; Bai, Y; Ge, F; Jia, R; Li, F; Lin, L; Wang, Y; Xu, H; Xu, J; Xu, N; Zhang, Y, 2014)	0.63
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fixed dose rate (FDR) gemcitabine infusion in combination with docetaxel in patients with relapsed/refractory soft tissue sarcoma."	( [Efficacy and safety of fixed dose rate gemcitabine infusion in combination with docetaxel in patients with relapsed/refractory soft tissue sarcoma]. Guo, H; Liu, Y; Yang, S; Yao, S; Yao, Z; Zhao, Y, 2014)	0.91
"The fixed dose rate (FDR) gemcitabine infusion in combination with docetaxel is an effective treatment regimen for patients with relapsed/refractory soft tissue sarcoma, and with tolerable adverse reactions."	( [Efficacy and safety of fixed dose rate gemcitabine infusion in combination with docetaxel in patients with relapsed/refractory soft tissue sarcoma]. Guo, H; Liu, Y; Yang, S; Yao, S; Yao, Z; Zhao, Y, 2014)	0.97
"The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intratumoral chemotherapy with paclitaxel liposome combined with systemic chemotherapy as induction therapy in clinical stage III unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."	( Intratumoral chemotherapy with paclitaxel liposome combined with systemic chemotherapy: a new method of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for stage III unresectable non-small cell lung cancer. Ai, Z; Lu, B; Sun, L; Xu, J; Yan, X, 2015)	0.42
" Overall, 63 treatment-naïve participants were recruited and received up to six 21-d cycles of cisplatin 70 mg/m2 (intravenously [IV], day 1) and gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 (IV, days 1 and 8) combined with sunitinib 37."	( SUCCINCT: an open-label, single-arm, non-randomised, phase 2 trial of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy in combination with sunitinib as first-line treatment for patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. Barber, J; Casbard, A; Chester, J; Cowles, R; Crabb, S; Elliott, T; Evans, J; Geldart, T; Griffiths, G; Huddart, RA; Jones, RJ; Mead, G; Protheroe, A; Smith, J, 2015)	0.85
"To analyze the efficacy and survival associated factors of gefitinib combined with cisplatin and gemcitabine for advanced non-small cell lung cancer."	( Efficacy and survival-associated factors with gefitinib combined with cisplatin and gemcitabine for advanced non- small cell lung cancer. Fang, H; Lin, RY; Sun, MX; Tian, Y; Wang, Q; Wang, XY; Yu, JL; Zhao, YL, 2014)	0.84
"A total of 57 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), who received platinum-based chemotherapy regimens for more than 1 cycle, were treated with gefitinib combined with cisplatin and gemcitabine until disease progression."	( Efficacy and survival-associated factors with gefitinib combined with cisplatin and gemcitabine for advanced non- small cell lung cancer. Fang, H; Lin, RY; Sun, MX; Tian, Y; Wang, Q; Wang, XY; Yu, JL; Zhao, YL, 2014)	0.81
"Gefitinib combined with cisplatin andgemcitabine, is effective for patients with IIIb~IV NSCLC who received multiple cycles of chemotherapy."	( Efficacy and survival-associated factors with gefitinib combined with cisplatin and gemcitabine for advanced non- small cell lung cancer. Fang, H; Lin, RY; Sun, MX; Tian, Y; Wang, Q; Wang, XY; Yu, JL; Zhao, YL, 2014)	0.9
"We determined the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and recommended phase II dose of MK-8776 (SCH 900776), a potent, selective checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) inhibitor, as monotherapy and in combination with gemcitabine in a first-in-human phase I clinical trial in patients with advanced solid tumor malignancies."	( Phase I dose-escalation trial of checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor MK-8776 as monotherapy and in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors. Ashworth, MT; Daud, AI; Freshwater, T; Goldman, JW; Grabowsky, JA; Isaacs, R; Kang, SP; Loechner, S; Mendelson, D; Munster, PN; Parry, D; Rosen, LS; Shanahan, F; Shumway, S; Sorge, C; Springett, G; Strosberg, J; Venook, AP, 2015)	0.82
"Forty-three patients were treated by intravenous infusion with MK-8776 at seven dose levels ranging from 10 to 150 mg/m(2) as monotherapy and then in combination with gemcitabine 800 mg/m(2) (part A, n = 26) or gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) (part B, n = 17)."	( Phase I dose-escalation trial of checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor MK-8776 as monotherapy and in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors. Ashworth, MT; Daud, AI; Freshwater, T; Goldman, JW; Grabowsky, JA; Isaacs, R; Kang, SP; Loechner, S; Mendelson, D; Munster, PN; Parry, D; Rosen, LS; Shanahan, F; Shumway, S; Sorge, C; Springett, G; Strosberg, J; Venook, AP, 2015)	0.82
"MK-8776 was well tolerated as monotherapy and in combination with gemcitabine."	( Phase I dose-escalation trial of checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor MK-8776 as monotherapy and in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors. Ashworth, MT; Daud, AI; Freshwater, T; Goldman, JW; Grabowsky, JA; Isaacs, R; Kang, SP; Loechner, S; Mendelson, D; Munster, PN; Parry, D; Rosen, LS; Shanahan, F; Shumway, S; Sorge, C; Springett, G; Strosberg, J; Venook, AP, 2015)	0.87
"This double-blind, phase 3 study assessed the efficacy and safety of ganitumab combined with gemcitabine as first-line treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer."	( A phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ganitumab or placebo in combination with gemcitabine as first-line therapy for metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: the GAMMA trial. Azevedo, S; Bach, BA; Bodoky, G; Carrato, A; Fuchs, CS; Gansert, JL; Haddad, V; Ikeda, M; Lipton, LR; Loberg, R; Melichar, B; Moore, MJ; Nemecek, R; Ohkawa, S; Okusaka, T; Peeters, M; Riess, H; Świeboda-Sadlej, A; Szczylik, C; Tjulandin, SA; Van Cutsem, E; Van Laethem, JL, 2015)	0.85
"Ganitumab combined with gemcitabine had manageable toxicity but did not improve OS, compared with gemcitabine alone in unselected patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer."	( A phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ganitumab or placebo in combination with gemcitabine as first-line therapy for metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: the GAMMA trial. Azevedo, S; Bach, BA; Bodoky, G; Carrato, A; Fuchs, CS; Gansert, JL; Haddad, V; Ikeda, M; Lipton, LR; Loberg, R; Melichar, B; Moore, MJ; Nemecek, R; Ohkawa, S; Okusaka, T; Peeters, M; Riess, H; Świeboda-Sadlej, A; Szczylik, C; Tjulandin, SA; Van Cutsem, E; Van Laethem, JL, 2015)	0.94
"This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of and immune response to Wilms tumor gene 1 (WT1) peptide-pulsed dendritic cell vaccination combined with gemcitabine (DCGEM) as a first-line therapy among patients with advanced pancreatic cancer."	( Phase I pilot study of Wilms tumor gene 1 peptide-pulsed dendritic cell vaccination combined with gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer. Aiura, K; Fujita, T; Hamamoto, Y; Higuchi, H; Itano, O; Kawakami, Y; Kitagawa, Y; Kitago, M; Matsuda, T; Mayanagi, S; Okamoto, M; Sakurai, T; Sunamura, M; Taguchi, J; Takaishi, H; Takeuchi, H, 2015)	0.83
" Collectively, our findings suggest that PG545 exerts anti-tumor activity by disrupting Wnt/β-catenin signaling and combination with gemcitabine should be considered as a novel therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer treatment."	( The heparan sulfate mimetic PG545 interferes with Wnt/β-catenin signaling and significantly suppresses pancreatic tumorigenesis alone and in combination with gemcitabine. Dredge, K; Hammond, E; Jung, DB; Jung, JH; Kim, B; Kim, EO; Kim, J; Kim, SH; Mukhopadhyay, D; Shridhar, V; Wang, E; Yun, M, 2015)	0.82
" The objectives of the present study were to define maximum tolerated dose and the recommended phase II dose (RPTD) of AXL1717 in combination with gemcitabine HCl and carboplatin in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."	( A phase I pilot study of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor pathway modulator AXL1717 in combination with gemcitabine HCl and carboplatin in previously untreated, locally advanced, or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Bergqvist, M; Bergström, S; Brandén, E; Ekman, S; Harmenberg, J; Holgersson, G; Jerling, M; Klockare, M; Koyi, H; Larsson, O; Lundström, KL; Ringbom, M, 2015)	0.83
"The primary objective of this study was to determine the activity and safety of 3-weekly oxaliplatin combined with gemcitabine and oral capecitabine in the first-line treatment of advanced biliary tract cancer."	( Three-weekly oxaliplatin combined with gemcitabine and capecitabine in the first-line treatment of patients with advanced biliary tract cancer. Fiaschi, AI; Francini, E; Laera, L; Marrelli, D; Petrioli, R; Roviello, F; Roviello, G, 2015)	0.9
"We reviewed the hospital database and finally included 26 recurrent ovarian cancer patients who were treated with bevacizumab combined with gemcibabine or paclitaxel or single agent."	( A retrospective clinical study of bevacizumab combined with gemcibabine or paclitaxel in the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer. Ding, T; Liu, XH; Lv, QY; Song, J; Wang, SH; Wang, Y; Wei, MH; Wu, MD; Yang, QH; Zhou, J; Zhou, YF, 2014)	0.4
"Under the treatment of bevacizumab combined with gemcibabine or paclitaxel, 2 complete response (7."	( A retrospective clinical study of bevacizumab combined with gemcibabine or paclitaxel in the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer. Ding, T; Liu, XH; Lv, QY; Song, J; Wang, SH; Wang, Y; Wei, MH; Wu, MD; Yang, QH; Zhou, J; Zhou, YF, 2014)	0.4
"Bevacizumab combined with gemcibabine or paclitaxel was a promising treatment schedule for platinum-resistance recurrent ovarian cancer."	( A retrospective clinical study of bevacizumab combined with gemcibabine or paclitaxel in the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer. Ding, T; Liu, XH; Lv, QY; Song, J; Wang, SH; Wang, Y; Wei, MH; Wu, MD; Yang, QH; Zhou, J; Zhou, YF, 2014)	0.4
" The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the activity and toxicity of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of recurrence or platinum-refractory ovarian cancer."	( Bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of recurrence or platinum-refractory ovarian cancer: a retrospective study of 37 cases. Li, Y; Shang, YM; Yang, Y; Zheng, H, 2014)	0.4
"Totally, 37 ovarian cancer patients with complete data who treated with bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy were reviewed from the databases of Beijing Cancer hospital and included in this retrospective study."	( Bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of recurrence or platinum-refractory ovarian cancer: a retrospective study of 37 cases. Li, Y; Shang, YM; Yang, Y; Zheng, H, 2014)	0.4
" The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of lenalidomide given in combination with gemcitabine was defined as the highest dose level at which no more than one out of four (25%) subjects experiences a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT)."	( A phase I dose-escalation study of lenalidomide in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Liljefors, M; Rossmann, E; Ullenhag, GJ, 2015)	0.88
"To evaluate the maximum tolerated dose, safety profile, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of pegaspargase (PEG-ASP) in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced metastatic solid tumors and lymphoma."	( A multicenter, open-label, Phase 1 study evaluating the safety and tolerability of pegaspargase in combination with gemcitabine in advanced metastatic solid tumors and lymphoma. Anthony, S; Babiker, HM; Borad, MJ; Buchbinder, A; Grem, J; Keilani, T; Mita, M, 2015)	0.83
" Seventeen patients were treated with of PEG-ASP in combination with gemcitabine."	( A multicenter, open-label, Phase 1 study evaluating the safety and tolerability of pegaspargase in combination with gemcitabine in advanced metastatic solid tumors and lymphoma. Anthony, S; Babiker, HM; Borad, MJ; Buchbinder, A; Grem, J; Keilani, T; Mita, M, 2015)	0.86
" Murine studies have previously demonstrated that treatment with the late-autophagy inhibitor chloroquine in combination with chemotherapy limited tumor growth."	( Safety and Biologic Response of Pre-operative Autophagy Inhibition in Combination with Gemcitabine in Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Bahary, N; Bao, P; Bartlett, DL; Boone, BA; Espina, V; Liotta, LA; Lotze, MT; Loughran, P; Moser, AJ; Normolle, DP; Singhi, AD; Wu, WC; Zeh, HJ; Zureikat, AH, 2015)	0.64
"This multicentre, open-label, randomized, controlled phase II study evaluated cilengitide in combination with cetuximab and platinum-based chemotherapy, compared with cetuximab and chemotherapy alone, as first-line treatment of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."	( Cilengitide combined with cetuximab and platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients: results of an open-label, randomized, controlled phase II study (CERTO). Atanackovic, D; Barlesi, F; Bennouna, J; Feurer, M; Germonpre, P; Goekkurt, E; Gridelli, C; Hicking, C; Krzakowski, M; Lena, H; Milanowski, J; O'Byrne, K; Picard, M; Schuette, W; Straub, J; Szczesna, A; Vansteenkiste, J; Verhoeven, D; Waller, CF, 2015)	0.42
"Gemcitabine combined with oxaliplatin for treatment of relapse-refractory lymphoma shows singnificant efficacy and low toxicity, this regimen can be used as a second-line chemotheray in clinic."	( [Safety and efficacy evaluation of gemcitabine combined with oxaliplatin for the treatment of patients with lymphoma]. Chen, BL; Liu, L; Qin, SH; Tan, QL; Zhao, Z, 2015)	2.14
"The PANCOSTABRAX study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) in combination with gemcitabine (GEM) versus GEM alone in the treatment of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer in Spain."	( Cost-utility analysis of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) in combination with gemcitabine in metastatic pancreatic cancer in Spain: results of the PANCOSTABRAX study. Benedit, P; Carrato, A; García, P; Gostkorzewicz, J; López, R; Macarulla, T; Pérez-Alcántara, F; Rivera, F; Sastre, J, 2015)	0.84
" This novel siRNA based drug was studied, in combination with chemotherapy, as targeted therapy for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (LAPC)."	( RNAi therapy targeting KRAS in combination with chemotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer patients. Dancour, A; David, EB; Domb, A; Eliakim, R; Gabai, RM; Galun, E; Golan, T; Goldes, Y; Goldin, E; Harari, G; Hen, N; Hubert, A; Khvalevsky, EZ; Kopleman, Y; Lahav, M; Raskin, S; Segal, A; Shemi, A, 2015)	0.42
" In the present study, the antiproliferative and proapoptotic abilities of ABL alone or in combination with gemcitabine in a human NSCLC cell line were investigated."	( 1‑O‑acetylbritannilactone combined with gemcitabine elicits growth inhibition and apoptosis in A549 human non‑small cell lung cancer cells. Li, H; Qiao, JO; Wang, F, 2015)	0.9
"Cediranib did not improve the progression-free survival of patients with advanced biliary tract cancer in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine, which remains the standard of care."	( Cediranib or placebo in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine chemotherapy for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (ABC-03): a randomised phase 2 trial. Anthoney, DA; Backen, AC; Beare, S; Bridgewater, JA; Corrie, P; Cunningham, D; Dive, C; Duggan, M; Lopes, A; Madhusudan, S; Maraveyas, A; Morris, K; Palmer, DH; Rees, C; Ross, PJ; Steward, WP; Valle, JW; Wasan, H; Waters, JS, 2015)	0.87
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine combined with systemic chemotherapy and/or regional arterial perfusion for pancreatic cancer with liver metastases (PCLM)."	( [A Retrospective Study of Chinese Herbal Medicine Combined with Systemic Chemotherapy and/or Regional Arterial Perfusion for Pancreatic Cancer with Liver Metastases]. Liu, F; Ouyang, HQ; Pan, ZY; Xie, GR; Yan, ZC, 2015)	0.42
"We retrospectively selected 292 patients with PCLM who were treated by Chinese herbal medicine combined with systemic chemotherapy and/or regional arterial perfusion at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital from January 2001 to December 2010."	( [A Retrospective Study of Chinese Herbal Medicine Combined with Systemic Chemotherapy and/or Regional Arterial Perfusion for Pancreatic Cancer with Liver Metastases]. Liu, F; Ouyang, HQ; Pan, ZY; Xie, GR; Yan, ZC, 2015)	0.42
"Chinese herbal medicine combined with systemic chemotherapy and/or regional arterial perfusion was effective and safe, and it could be optimally selected as palliative therapy for PCLM."	( [A Retrospective Study of Chinese Herbal Medicine Combined with Systemic Chemotherapy and/or Regional Arterial Perfusion for Pancreatic Cancer with Liver Metastases]. Liu, F; Ouyang, HQ; Pan, ZY; Xie, GR; Yan, ZC, 2015)	0.42
" In order to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of single-agent trametinib (part 1) and trametinib in combination with gemcitabine (part 2), we undertook the first clinical study of this combination in Japanese patients with cancer and herein report our results."	( A phase I/Ib study of trametinib (GSK1120212) alone and in combination with gemcitabine in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. Fujisaka, Y; Furuse, J; Kasuga, A; Kitamura, H; Kurata, T; Matsushita, H; Mukaiyama, A; Nagashima, F; Nakagawa, K; Naruge, D; Nishimura, Y; Nishina, S; Okamoto, W; Shimizu, T; Takasu, A, 2015)	0.84
"0 mg once daily) in combination with gemcitabine (1000 mg/m(2))."	( A phase I/Ib study of trametinib (GSK1120212) alone and in combination with gemcitabine in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. Fujisaka, Y; Furuse, J; Kasuga, A; Kitamura, H; Kurata, T; Matsushita, H; Mukaiyama, A; Nagashima, F; Nakagawa, K; Naruge, D; Nishimura, Y; Nishina, S; Okamoto, W; Shimizu, T; Takasu, A, 2015)	0.92
"This phase I trial evaluated LY2603618, a selective inhibitor of the DNA damage checkpoint kinase 1, in combination with gemcitabine."	( Phase I study of LY2603618, a CHK1 inhibitor, in combination with gemcitabine in Japanese patients with solid tumors. Doi, T; Fuse, N; Hynes, SM; Lin, AB; Matsubara, N; Naito, Y; Nakamura, T; Shitara, K; Uenaka, K; Yoshino, T, 2015)	0.86
"Lapatinib has proven efficacy as monotherapy and in combination with capecitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) overexpressing HER2 and/or EGFR."	( Phase I and pharmacological trial of lapatinib in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced breast cancer. Beijnen, JH; Boss, DS; Grob, M; Huitema, AD; Keessen, M; Rehorst, H; Rosing, H; Schellens, JH; Smit, WM; Tibben, MM; van der Noll, R; Wymenga, AN, 2015)	0.65
"To study the effectiveness of human recombinant endostatin injection (Endostar®) combined with cisplatin doublets in treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to evaluate outcome by CT perfusion imaging."	( Human Recombinant Endostatin Combined with Cisplatin Based Doublets in Treating Patients with Advanced NSCLC and Evaluation by CT Perfusion Imaging. Chen, SQ; Cui, FB; Gao, EY; Jiang, BQ; Li, M; Shu, RB; Sun, P; Tang, W; Wang, H; Zhang, FL; Zhang, Y, 2015)	0.42
"The response rate with Endostar® administered 4 days before chemotherapy and combined with chemotherapy from day 5 in group A was better than Endostar® combined with chemotherapy from the first day, and CT perfusion imaging could be a reasonable method for evaluation of patient outcomes."	( Human Recombinant Endostatin Combined with Cisplatin Based Doublets in Treating Patients with Advanced NSCLC and Evaluation by CT Perfusion Imaging. Chen, SQ; Cui, FB; Gao, EY; Jiang, BQ; Li, M; Shu, RB; Sun, P; Tang, W; Wang, H; Zhang, FL; Zhang, Y, 2015)	0.42
" However, chemotherapy can be immune stimulative especially in combination with an immunotherapy."	( In vitro immunomodulatory properties of gemcitabine alone and in combination with interferon-alpha. Bazhin, AV; Brecht, R; Fritz, J; Karakhanova, S; Nachtigall, I; Werner, J, 2015)	0.68
"To evaluate the safety and efficacy of gemcitabine combined with S-1 in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer."	( [Safety and efficacy of gemcitabine combined with S-1 in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer]. He, P; Jiang, Y; Yang, K; Zheng, L; Zhong, H, 2015)	0.99
"Gemcitabine combined with S-1 is effective and safe in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer, with less side effects, and can be tolerated by the patients."	( [Safety and efficacy of gemcitabine combined with S-1 in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer]. He, P; Jiang, Y; Yang, K; Zheng, L; Zhong, H, 2015)	2.17
" LY294002 and gemcitabine hydrochloride combined with IR better inhibited cell migration, VM formation and MMP-2 mRNA expression of Panc-1 cells in vitro, and we also proved that the novel therapeutic regimen better inhibited tumor growth, tumor metastasis and VM formation of orthotopic Panc-1 xenografts by suppressing the PI3K/MMPs/Ln-5γ2 signaling pathway in vivo."	( The effect of PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and gemcitabine hydrochloride combined with ionizing radiation on the formation of vasculogenic mimicry of Panc-1 cells in vitro and in vivo. Bai, R; Ding, T; Lan, X; Liu, S; Yin, L; Yu, Y; Zhang, L; Zhao, J, 2016)	1.06
" In this context, alternatives to the lapatinib (L) and capecitabine (C) regimen, evaluating L combined with other cytotoxic drugs, are warranted."	( A Phase II Randomized Study of Lapatinib Combined With Capecitabine, Vinorelbine, or Gemcitabine in Patients With HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer With Progression After a Taxane (Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group 0801 Study). Barrios, CH; Bines, J; Blajman, C; Capó, A; Fanelli, M; Fein, L; Gómez, HL; Ismael, G; Lerzo, G; Mano, M; Martínez-Mesa, J; Neciosup, S; Nerón, Y; Pinczowski, H; Sampaio, C; Santi, PX; Tosello, C; Varela, MS; Werutsky, G; Zarba, JJ, 2016)	0.66
"In the present phase II, multicenter study, patients with HER2(+) MBC with progression after taxane were randomized between L, 1250 mg, combined with C, 2000 mg/m(2) on days 1 to 14 (LC), vinorelbine (V), 25 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 (LV), or gemcitabine (G), 1000 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 (LG), every 21 days."	( A Phase II Randomized Study of Lapatinib Combined With Capecitabine, Vinorelbine, or Gemcitabine in Patients With HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer With Progression After a Taxane (Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group 0801 Study). Barrios, CH; Bines, J; Blajman, C; Capó, A; Fanelli, M; Fein, L; Gómez, HL; Ismael, G; Lerzo, G; Mano, M; Martínez-Mesa, J; Neciosup, S; Nerón, Y; Pinczowski, H; Sampaio, C; Santi, PX; Tosello, C; Varela, MS; Werutsky, G; Zarba, JJ, 2016)	0.84
" The purpose of this prospective study is to evaluate the feasibility and the efficacy of radiotherapy in combination with gemcitabine and EGFR targeting therapy for patients with locally advanced disease."	( Prospective study of cetuximab and gemcitabine in combination with radiation therapy: feasibility and efficacy in locally advanced pancreatic head cancer. Borzomati, D; Coppola, R; D'Angelillo, RM; Fiore, M; Floreno, B; Ippolito, E; Ramella, S; Trecca, P; Trodella, L; Trodella, LE; Valeri, S, 2015)	0.9
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine combined with ifosfamide (GI regimen)in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy."	( [Efficacy and safety evaluation of gemcitabine combined with ifosfamide in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy]. Dong, M; Gui, L; He, X; Hu, S; Jia, B; Liu, P; Qin, Y; Yang, J; Yang, S; Zhang, C; Zhou, S, 2015)	0.96
" This phase I study evaluated the safety profile of vandetanib in combination with standard doses of gemcitabine and capecitabine in order to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD)."	( Phase I trial of vandetanib in combination with gemcitabine and capecitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors with an expanded cohort in pancreatic and biliary cancers. Bradshaw-Pierce, EL; Eckhardt, SG; Eppers, S; Freas, E; Kane, MA; Kessler, ER; Leong, S; Lieu, CH; Messersmith, WA; Nallapreddy, S; O'byrant, CL; Pitts, TM; Spratlin, J; Weekes, C, 2016)	0.91
" The effect of inhibition of PAK1 by either shRNA knock-down (KD), or by a selective inhibitor, FRAX597, alone or in combination with gemcitabine, on cell proliferation and migration/invasion was measured by thymidine uptake and Boyden chamber assays, respectively."	( FRAX597, a PAK1 inhibitor, synergistically reduces pancreatic cancer growth when combined with gemcitabine. Baldwin, GS; He, H; Lowy, AM; Nikfarjam, M; Patel, O; Yeo, D, 2016)	0.86
" When combined with gemcitabine, FRAX597 synergistically inhibited pancreatic cancer proliferation in vitro and inhibited tumour growth in vivo."	( FRAX597, a PAK1 inhibitor, synergistically reduces pancreatic cancer growth when combined with gemcitabine. Baldwin, GS; He, H; Lowy, AM; Nikfarjam, M; Patel, O; Yeo, D, 2016)	0.98
" The primary objective of this study was to determine the maximum-tolerated dose of CEP-9722 in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors."	( An open-label, dose-escalation study to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of CEP-9722 (a PARP-1 and PARP-2 inhibitor) in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors. Aftimos, P; Awada, A; Bahleda, R; Bourbouloux, E; Campone, M; Frenel, JS; Gombos, A; Soria, JC; Varga, A, 2016)	0.85
" Pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with hepatic artery resection was performed, and an end-to-end anastomosis was made between the common and proper hepatic artery to reconstruct the hepatic artery."	( [A Case of Pancreatic Head Cancer Treated with Pancreaticoduodenectomy Combined with Hepatic Artery Resection Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy]. Furukawa, K; Kagawa, S; Kato, A; Kuboki, S; Maeda, S; Miyazaki, M; Ohtsuka, M; Sakai, N; Shimizu, H; Suzuki, D; Takano, S; Takayashiki, T; Yoshitomi, H, 2015)	0.42
" The objective of the ABC-04 trial was to establish the recommended dose of selumetinib in combination with CisGem in patients with ABC."	( A phase 1b study of Selumetinib in combination with Cisplatin and Gemcitabine in advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancer: the ABC-04 study. Beare, S; Bridgewater, J; Duggan, M; Lee, D; Lopes, A; McEntee, D; Ricamara, M; Sukumaran, A; Valle, JW; Wasan, H, 2016)	0.67
"The recommended dose of selumetinib when combined with CisGem was 75 mg bd."	( A phase 1b study of Selumetinib in combination with Cisplatin and Gemcitabine in advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancer: the ABC-04 study. Beare, S; Bridgewater, J; Duggan, M; Lee, D; Lopes, A; McEntee, D; Ricamara, M; Sukumaran, A; Valle, JW; Wasan, H, 2016)	0.67
" It has been shown that compound kushen injection in combination with chemotherapy can enhance the efficacy and reduce the toxicity."	( A multicenter randomized controlled open-label trial to assess the efficacy of compound kushen injection in combination with single-agent chemotherapy in treatment of elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: study protocol for a randomiz Hou, W; Lin, HS; Liu, J; Wang, XQ, 2016)	0.43
" Three hundred seventy elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer will be randomly divided into experimental (n = 185) and control groups (n = 185) to receive compound kushen injection in combination with single-agent chemotherapy or standard platinum-based doublet chemotherapy for two cycles."	( A multicenter randomized controlled open-label trial to assess the efficacy of compound kushen injection in combination with single-agent chemotherapy in treatment of elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: study protocol for a randomiz Hou, W; Lin, HS; Liu, J; Wang, XQ, 2016)	0.43
" This study will determine whether or not the efficacy of compound kushen injection in combination with single-agent chemotherapy is comparable to that of platinum-based doublet chemotherapy, and whether or not the toxicity of compound kushen injection in combination with single-agent chemotherapy is lower than that of platinum-based doublet chemotherapy."	( A multicenter randomized controlled open-label trial to assess the efficacy of compound kushen injection in combination with single-agent chemotherapy in treatment of elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: study protocol for a randomiz Hou, W; Lin, HS; Liu, J; Wang, XQ, 2016)	0.43
" Preclinical and phase I clinical data suggest activity of bortezomib in NSCLC, either as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents including gemcitabine and cisplatin."	( A phase II, open-label trial of bortezomib (VELCADE(®)) in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Agelaki, S; Filippa, G; Georgoulias, V; Kentepozidis, N; Kontopodis, E; Kotsakis, A; Mala, A; Mavroudis, D; Moutsos, M; Syrigos, K; Vamvakas, L; Ziras, N, 2016)	0.86
" on days 1 and 8, and starting on day 21 (cycle 2), bortezomib (days 1 and 8) in combination with gemcitabine 1000 mg/m(2), (days 1 and 8), and cisplatin 70 mg/m(2) (day 1) in cycles of 21 days."	( A phase II, open-label trial of bortezomib (VELCADE(®)) in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Agelaki, S; Filippa, G; Georgoulias, V; Kentepozidis, N; Kontopodis, E; Kotsakis, A; Mala, A; Mavroudis, D; Moutsos, M; Syrigos, K; Vamvakas, L; Ziras, N, 2016)	0.88
" The effect of afatinib, as either a single agent or in combination with gemcitabine (GEM), on tumor growth was determined using NPC tumor xenografts in mice."	( In vitro and in vivo efficacy of afatinib as a single agent or in combination with gemcitabine for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Fang, W; Tian, Y; Xue, C; Zhan, J; Zhang, J; Zhang, L; Zhao, Y, 2016)	0.89
" Afatinib in combination with GEM demonstrated significant antitumor effect in an NPC xenograft model."	( In vitro and in vivo efficacy of afatinib as a single agent or in combination with gemcitabine for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Fang, W; Tian, Y; Xue, C; Zhan, J; Zhang, J; Zhang, L; Zhao, Y, 2016)	0.66
" The purpose of this dose escalation phase Ib study was to assess the safety, maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and pharmacokinetics (PK) of AXP107-11 in combination with gemcitabine in treatment-naïve patients with inoperable pancreatic carcinoma."	( A phase I dose escalation trial of AXP107-11, a novel multi-component crystalline form of genistein, in combination with gemcitabine in chemotherapy-naive patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. Berkenstam, A; Frödin, JE; Karimi, M; Kartalis, N; Löhr, JM; Omazic, B; Verbeke, CS, )	0.53
"AXP107-11 was given orally in escalating doses (400 mg-1600 mg daily) in combination with standard gemcitabine treatment (1000 mg/m(2)/week) for the first seven of eight weeks and thereafter for a maximum of four × four-week treatment cycles."	( A phase I dose escalation trial of AXP107-11, a novel multi-component crystalline form of genistein, in combination with gemcitabine in chemotherapy-naive patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. Berkenstam, A; Frödin, JE; Karimi, M; Kartalis, N; Löhr, JM; Omazic, B; Verbeke, CS, )	0.56
"Treatment of pancreatic cancer patients with AXP107-11 in combination with gemcitabine resulted in a favorable PK-profile with high serum levels without signs of either hematological or non-hematological toxicity."	( A phase I dose escalation trial of AXP107-11, a novel multi-component crystalline form of genistein, in combination with gemcitabine in chemotherapy-naive patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. Berkenstam, A; Frödin, JE; Karimi, M; Kartalis, N; Löhr, JM; Omazic, B; Verbeke, CS, )	0.57
" Here, we report combination therapies in which TOP3 was combined with gemcitabine or TS-1."	( Hypoxia-inducible factor-targeting prodrug TOP3 combined with gemcitabine or TS-1 improves pancreatic cancer survival in an orthotopic model. Hoang, NT; Kadonosono, T; Kizaka-Kondoh, S; Kuchimaru, T, 2016)	0.91
" CheckMate 012, a phase I, multicohort study, was conducted to explore the safety and efficacy of nivolumab as monotherapy or combined with current standard therapies in first-line advanced NSCLC."	( Nivolumab in Combination With Platinum-Based Doublet Chemotherapy for First-Line Treatment of Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Antonia, S; Borghaei, H; Brahmer, JR; Chen, AC; Chow, LQ; Gerber, DE; Gettinger, S; Goldman, JW; Harbison, CT; Hellmann, MD; Juergens, RA; Laurie, SA; Nathan, FE; Rizvi, NA; Shen, Y; Shepherd, FA, 2016)	0.43
" The present study assessed the ability of MET, alone or in combination with gemcitabine (GEM), to inhibit the growth of the human CFPAC‑1 pancreatic cancer cell line in vitro and in vivo."	( Inhibitory effect of metformin combined with gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. He, Z; Jia, Z; Shi, Y; Xu, C, 2016)	0.92
" This phase I study defined the recommended phase II dose of LY2603618 combined with gemcitabine."	( Phase I Study of CHK1 Inhibitor LY2603618 in Combination with Gemcitabine in Patients with Solid Tumors. Becerra, C; Bence Lin, A; Braiteh, F; Calvo, E; Galsky, MD; Hurt, K; Hynes, SM; Jameson, G; Lin, J; McKane, S; McWilliams, R; Richards, D; Von Hoff, D; Wickremsinhe, ER, 2016)	0.9
"The maximum tolerated dose of LY2603618 combined with gemcitabine was 200 mg/m2, but a fixed LY2603618 dose of 230 mg combined with gemcitabine was selected as the recommended phase II dose."	( Phase I Study of CHK1 Inhibitor LY2603618 in Combination with Gemcitabine in Patients with Solid Tumors. Becerra, C; Bence Lin, A; Braiteh, F; Calvo, E; Galsky, MD; Hurt, K; Hynes, SM; Jameson, G; Lin, J; McKane, S; McWilliams, R; Richards, D; Von Hoff, D; Wickremsinhe, ER, 2016)	0.92
" This retrospective study aimed to assess the efficacy of repeated iodine-125 seed implantations combined with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for locally recurrent or metastatic stage-III/IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."	( Repeated iodine-125 seed implantations combined with external beam radiotherapy for the treatment of locally recurrent or metastatic stage III/IV non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study. Dan, G; Deng, D; Jiang, J; Li, W; Zheng, X; Zheng, Y, 2016)	0.43
"The results of this study demonstrated that repeated implantation of radioactive particles combined with EBRT is a safe treatment that effectively controlled local recurrence and metastasis of stage III/IV NSCLC."	( Repeated iodine-125 seed implantations combined with external beam radiotherapy for the treatment of locally recurrent or metastatic stage III/IV non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study. Dan, G; Deng, D; Jiang, J; Li, W; Zheng, X; Zheng, Y, 2016)	0.43
" The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of telomerase peptide vaccination, GV1001 combined with gemcitabine in treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocardinoma (PDAC)."	( The anti-fibrotic effect of GV1001 combined with gemcitabine on treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Hwnag, YI; Jeon, J; Kang, JS; Kim, H; Kim, TW; Kim, Y; Lee, WJ; Park, JH; Park, JK, 2016)	0.9
" This single-center phase Ib study investigated the tolerability, safety, and pharmacokinetics of nivolumab combined with standard chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."	( Safety and efficacy of nivolumab and standard chemotherapy drug combination in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a four arms phase Ib study. Fujiwara, Y; Goto, K; Horinouchi, H; Hozumi, H; Kanda, S; Kitazono, S; Kubo, E; Mizugaki, H; Nokihara, H; Shiraishi, H; Sunami, K; Tamura, T; Tanaka, A; Utsumi, H; Yamamoto, N, 2016)	0.43
"We retrospectively investigated the efficacy and safety of pegaspargase, gemcitabine, and oxaliplatin (P-GEMOX) combined with different dose radiotherapy (RT) in the treatment of 35 newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE ENKTL patients at our institution from October 2011 to September 2015."	( Effectiveness of pegaspargase, gemcitabine, and oxaliplatin (P-GEMOX) chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal-type, extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Li, L; Wei, W; Wu, P; Zhang, ZH, 2017)	0.97
"The research showed that the treatment of P-GEMOX combined with RT was a tolerable and effective treatment for localized nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma."	( Effectiveness of pegaspargase, gemcitabine, and oxaliplatin (P-GEMOX) chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal-type, extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Li, L; Wei, W; Wu, P; Zhang, ZH, 2017)	0.74
" In the S/P arm, patients were treated orally with sorafenib continuous dosing at two dose levels (DL1: 200 mg twice daily and DL2: 400 mg twice daily) combined with plitidepsin (1."	( Phase I dose-escalation study of plitidepsin in combination with sorafenib or gemcitabine in patients with refractory solid tumors or lymphomas. Alfaro, V; Aspeslagh, S; Bahleda, R; Extremera, S; Fudio, S; Gyan, E; Hollebecque, A; Salles, G; Soria, JC; Soto-Matos, A; Stein, M, 2017)	0.68
" However, the safety and efficacy of nimotuzumab combined with chemotherapy in locally advanced or metastatic esophageal cancer patients remain unclear."	( Nimotuzumab Combined with Chemotherapy is a Promising Treatment for Locally Advanced and Metastatic Esophageal Cancer. Han, X; Lu, N; Pan, Y; Xu, J, 2017)	0.46
"We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of gemcitabine monotherapy versus gemcitabine in combination with a second cytotoxic agent in patients with LA/MPC."	( Gemcitabine in Combination with a Second Cytotoxic Agent in the First-Line Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cao, YB; Li, Q; Ma, YX; Sun, Y; Xu, CA; Zhang, XW, 2017)	2.15
" Different gemcitabine-based combinations showed different antitumor activity, and doublet regimens of gemcitabine in combination with a taxoid or a fluoropyrimidine, in particular an oral fluoropyrimidine provided significant survival benefits in the first-line treatment of unresectable LA/MPC."	( Gemcitabine in Combination with a Second Cytotoxic Agent in the First-Line Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cao, YB; Li, Q; Ma, YX; Sun, Y; Xu, CA; Zhang, XW, 2017)	2.29
" This study evaluated the efficacy of intensity modulated radiotherapy in combination with gemcitabine and S-1 as neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) for borderline-resectable pancreatic cancer with arterial involvement (BR-A)."	( A phase II trial of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with intensity-modulated radiotherapy combined with gemcitabine and S-1 for borderline-resectable pancreatic cancer with arterial involvement. Hijikata, Y; Hosokawa, Y; Kasuya, K; Katsumata, K; Nagakawa, Y; Nakajima, T; Nakayama, H; Sahara, Y; Takishita, C; Tokuuye, K; Tsuchida, A, 2017)	0.89
" The pharmacokinetic profile of galunisertib in combination with gemcitabine was similar to that previously observed for galunisertib alone."	( Phase 1b study of galunisertib in combination with gemcitabine in Japanese patients with metastatic or locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Benhadji, KA; Fujii, H; Ikeda, M; Kondo, S; Lahn, MMF; Ogasawara, K; Takahashi, H; Ueno, H, 2017)	0.94
" This phase I determined the maximal tolerable dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), antitumor activity, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of veliparib combined with gemcitabine."	( Phase I study of veliparib in combination with gemcitabine. Almokadem, S; Appleman, L; Belani, CP; Beumer, JH; Carneiro, BA; Chen, A; Chu, E; Ding, F; Hershberger, PA; Holleran, J; Jiang, Y; Ken Czambel, R; Kiesel, BF; Kontopodis, E; Lin, Y; Petro, D; Puhalla, S; Rachid, M; Schmitz, JC; Stoller, R, 2017)	0.9
"IMRT combined with GP for locoregionally advanced NPC is well tolerated, effective, and convenient, and warrants further studies."	( Long-term results of a phase II study of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy combined with intensity-modulated radiotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. He, X; Hu, C; Ou, D; Wu, M, 2017)	0.72
"This randomized study showed that nimo in combination with gem is safe and well tolerated."	( Gemcitabine combined with the monoclonal antibody nimotuzumab is an active first-line regimen in KRAS wildtype patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer: a multicenter, randomized phase IIb study. Behringer, DM; Berdel, WE; Bulitta, M; De Dosso, S; Dommach, M; Ebert, MP; Goker, E; Hofheinz, R; Kerkhoff, A; Kneba, M; Overkamp, F; Reuter, D; Rohrberg, R; Schlegel, F; Schmidt, WE; Schultheis, B; Siveke, J; Steinmetz, T; Strumberg, D; Yalcin, S, 2017)	1.9
"Evaluate toxicity of two treatment arms, A (cetuximab) and B (bevacizumab), when combined with gemcitabine, and chemoradiation in patients with completely resected pancreatic carcinoma."	( An Intergroup Randomized Phase II Study of Bevacizumab or Cetuximab in Combination with Gemcitabine and in Combination with Chemoradiation in Patients with Resected Pancreatic Carcinoma: A Trial of the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group (E2204). Abbruzzese, JL; Benson, AB; Berlin, JD; Blackstock, AW; Catalano, P; Feng, Y; Lowy, AM; McWilliams, RR; Philip, PA, 2018)	0.92
"Patients with R0/R1 resection were randomized 1:1 to cetuximab or bevacizumab administered in combination with gemcitabine for two treatment cycles."	( An Intergroup Randomized Phase II Study of Bevacizumab or Cetuximab in Combination with Gemcitabine and in Combination with Chemoradiation in Patients with Resected Pancreatic Carcinoma: A Trial of the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group (E2204). Abbruzzese, JL; Benson, AB; Berlin, JD; Blackstock, AW; Catalano, P; Feng, Y; Lowy, AM; McWilliams, RR; Philip, PA, 2018)	0.91
"The aim of this retrospective study was to clarify the effectiveness of chemotherapy with gemcitabine combined with low-dose 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin (GFP) for advanced biliary carcinoma after hepatectomy."	( Effect of Adjuvant Gemcitabine Combined with Low-dose 5-Fluorouracil and Cisplatin Chemotherapy for Advanced Biliary Carcinoma. Arakawa, Y; Ikemoto, T; Imura, S; Iwahashi, S; Morine, Y; Saito, YU; Shimada, M; Yamada, S, 2017)	1
" Furthermore, we demonstrated that FANCD2 depletion combined with CHK1 inhibitor MK-8776 significantly potentiated the cytotoxicity of gemcitabine to the two LSC cell lines, compared to individual FANCD2 depletion or MK-8776 treatment."	( Suppression of the FA pathway combined with CHK1 inhibitor hypersensitize lung cancer cells to gemcitabine. Chen, P; Dai, CH; Jiang, Q; Lan, T; Li, J; Li, MY; Su, JY; Wang, Y; Wu, Y, 2017)	0.88
" In this study, our goal is to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of mocetinostat alone and in combination with gemcitabine in LMS."	( Mocetinostat combined with gemcitabine for the treatment of leiomyosarcoma: Preclinical correlates. Batte, K; Bid, HK; Braggio, D; Casadei, L; Choy, E; Iwenofu, OH; Koller, D; Lev, D; Lopez, G; Pollock, R; Strohecker, A; Yu, P; Zewdu, A, 2017)	0.96
"To evaluate the safety and efficacy of mocetinostat (a Class I/IV HDAC inhibitor) in combination with gemcitabine in patients with solid tumors, including pancreatic cancer."	( Phase I/II study of mocetinostat in combination with gemcitabine for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer and other advanced solid tumors. Alcindor, T; Chan, E; Chao, R; Chiorean, EG; Gabrail, NY; Hurwitz, H; O'Dwyer, PJ; Potvin, D, 2018)	0.95
"Mocetinostat TIW in combination with gemcitabine was associated with significant toxicities in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer."	( Phase I/II study of mocetinostat in combination with gemcitabine for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer and other advanced solid tumors. Alcindor, T; Chan, E; Chao, R; Chiorean, EG; Gabrail, NY; Hurwitz, H; O'Dwyer, PJ; Potvin, D, 2018)	1
"To investigate the predictive value of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) expression in patients with PDAC treated with adjuvant gemcitabine in combination with S-1 (adjuvant GS) or adjuvant gemcitabine alone (adjuvant G alone)."	( The high stromal SPARC expression is independently associated with poor survival of patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma treated with adjuvant gemcitabine in combination with S-1 or adjuvant gemcitabine alone. Kondo, N; Murakami, Y; Nakagawa, N; Okano, K; Shintakuya, R; Sueda, T; Takahashi, S; Uemura, K, 2018)	0.88
" Here, we tested DFMO in combination with a polyamine transport inhibitor (PTI), Trimer44NMe, against Gemcitabine-resistant PDAC cells."	( Difluoromethylornithine Combined with a Polyamine Transport Inhibitor Is Effective against Gemcitabine Resistant Pancreatic Cancer. Altomare, DA; Copik, AJ; Gitto, SB; Hogan, FC; Oyer, JL; Pandey, V; Phanstiel, O, 2018)	0.92
" Our study highlights the molecular targetability of HDACs 1, 7, and 8, confirm their PDAC-CSCs maintaining role, and demonstrate that compared to SAHA, TSA modulates the epigenetically- mediated oncogenic activity of PDAC-CSCs, and potentiate Gemcitabine therapeutic activity, making a case for further exploration of TSA activity alone or in combination with Gemcitabine in PDAC therapy."	( Depletion of HDAC1, 7 and 8 by Histone Deacetylase Inhibition Confers Elimination of Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells in Combination with Gemcitabine. Cai, MH; Sun, Z; Tu, YX; Wang, BK; Xu, XG; Yan, SL; Ying, Y, 2018)	0.87
" Pathway inhibition by γ-secretase inhibitors has been shown to be effective in pre-clinical models of pancreatic cancer, in combination with gemcitabine."	( A phase I trial of the γ-secretase inhibitor MK-0752 in combination with gemcitabine in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Anthoney, DA; Basu, B; Cook, N; Evans, J; Farmer-Hall, H; Gopinathan, A; Halford, S; Hampson, LV; Hategan, M; Jodrell, D; McLeod, R; Nebozhyn, M; Palmer, D; Propper, D; Smith, DM; Steward, WP; Turner, H; Tuveson, D; Venugopal, B, 2018)	0.91
" We examined the safety of WT1-peptide pulsed dendritic cell (WT1-DC) vaccine in combination with chemotherapy in patients with surgically resected pancreatic cancer."	( WT1-pulsed Dendritic Cell Vaccine Combined with Chemotherapy for Resected Pancreatic Cancer in a Phase I Study. Kobayashi, M; Koido, S; Koizumi, T; Koya, T; Nagai, K; Okamoto, M; Sano, K; Shimodaira, S; Sugiyama, H; Yanagisawa, R, 2018)	0.48
"Eight patients with resectable pancreatic cancer undergoing surgery either combined with S-1 or S-1 plus gemcitabine therapy were enrolled."	( WT1-pulsed Dendritic Cell Vaccine Combined with Chemotherapy for Resected Pancreatic Cancer in a Phase I Study. Kobayashi, M; Koido, S; Koizumi, T; Koya, T; Nagai, K; Okamoto, M; Sano, K; Shimodaira, S; Sugiyama, H; Yanagisawa, R, 2018)	0.69
"The present study aimed to investigate the effects of obatoclax (OBX) combined with gemcitabine (GEM) treatment on the proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins of pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC‑3 under hypoxic conditions."	( Effects of obatoclax combined with gemcitabine on the biological activity of pancreatic cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. Hou, XF; Li, K; Li, S; Wang, JF; Wu, C; Xu, SN, 2018)	0.98
" We evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic properties of GDC-0575 alone and in combination with gemcitabine."	( Phase I study of the checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor GDC-0575 in combination with gemcitabine in patients with refractory solid tumors. Blackwood, EM; Cousin, S; DuPree, K; Epler, J; Hamilton, E; Hollebecque, A; Infante, JR; Italiano, A; Lauchle, JO; LoRusso, PM; Lu, X; Mahrus, S; Moein, A; Moore, KN; Murray, ER; Peale, FV; Postel-Vinay, S; Schutzman, JL; Shapiro, GI; Soria, JC; Tagen, M; Tolaney, S; Toulmonde, M, 2018)	0.92
"In this phase I open-label study, in the dose escalation stage, patients were enrolled in a GDC-0575 monotherapy Arm (1) or GDC-0575 combination with gemcitabine Arm (2) to determine the maximum tolerated dose."	( Phase I study of the checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor GDC-0575 in combination with gemcitabine in patients with refractory solid tumors. Blackwood, EM; Cousin, S; DuPree, K; Epler, J; Hamilton, E; Hollebecque, A; Infante, JR; Italiano, A; Lauchle, JO; LoRusso, PM; Lu, X; Mahrus, S; Moein, A; Moore, KN; Murray, ER; Peale, FV; Postel-Vinay, S; Schutzman, JL; Shapiro, GI; Soria, JC; Tagen, M; Tolaney, S; Toulmonde, M, 2018)	0.91
" No pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction was observed between GDC-0575 and gemcitabine."	( Phase I study of the checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor GDC-0575 in combination with gemcitabine in patients with refractory solid tumors. Blackwood, EM; Cousin, S; DuPree, K; Epler, J; Hamilton, E; Hollebecque, A; Infante, JR; Italiano, A; Lauchle, JO; LoRusso, PM; Lu, X; Mahrus, S; Moein, A; Moore, KN; Murray, ER; Peale, FV; Postel-Vinay, S; Schutzman, JL; Shapiro, GI; Soria, JC; Tagen, M; Tolaney, S; Toulmonde, M, 2018)	0.94
"GDC-0575 can be safely administered as a monotherapy and in combination with gemcitabine; however, overall tolerability with gemcitabine was modest."	( Phase I study of the checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor GDC-0575 in combination with gemcitabine in patients with refractory solid tumors. Blackwood, EM; Cousin, S; DuPree, K; Epler, J; Hamilton, E; Hollebecque, A; Infante, JR; Italiano, A; Lauchle, JO; LoRusso, PM; Lu, X; Mahrus, S; Moein, A; Moore, KN; Murray, ER; Peale, FV; Postel-Vinay, S; Schutzman, JL; Shapiro, GI; Soria, JC; Tagen, M; Tolaney, S; Toulmonde, M, 2018)	0.94
" In the present study, we show that gemcitabine (GEM) in combination with TRA was more effective than TRA alone."	( MEK inhibitor trametinib in combination with gemcitabine regresses a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) pancreatic cancer nude mouse model. Bouvet, M; Clary, B; Delong, JC; Hoffman, RM; Hwang, HK; Igarashi, K; Kawaguchi, K; Kiyuna, T; Lwin, TM; Miyake, K; Miyake, M; Murakami, T; Singh, SR; Unno, M, 2018)	1.02
" Thus, in combination with GP chemotherapy, CE could be a suitable alternative to DE in locally advanced or metastatic SCC patients, resulting in less hemoptysis, less treatment time, and lower costs."	( Influence of different drug delivery methods for Endostar combined with a gemcitabine/cisplatin regimen in locally advanced or metastatic lung squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective observational study. Dai, H; Huang, J; Shen, H; Yao, D; Yuan, Y, 2018)	0.71
" Experimental Design Patients were enrolled into five cohorts of increasing doses of MMB between 100 and 200 mg administered once or twice daily in combination with nab-P + G in 28-day cycles to determine maximum tolerated dose (MTD)."	( Phase 1 dose-escalation study of momelotinib, a Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor, combined with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel in patients with previously untreated metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Barbie, D; Chaves, J; Fuchs, CS; Hahn, WC; Hendifar, A; Koh, B; Ng, K; Starodub, A; Yang, Y, 2019)	0.74
" In this prospective study, we investigated gemcitabine, cisplatin, and dexamethasone (GDP) combined with methotrexate (MTX) and pegaspargase (PEG-L) as front-line treatment in PTCL."	( Gemcitabine, cisplatin, and dexamethasone (GDP) in combination with methotrexate and pegaspargase is active in newly diagnosed peripheral T cell lymphoma patients: a phase 2, single-center, open-label study in China. Cai, H; Cao, X; Chen, M; Duan, M; Han, B; Li, J; Zhang, W; Zhang, Y; Zhou, D; Zhu, T; Zhuang, J, 2019)	2.22
" Methods We used the standard 3 + 3 dose escalation design with cohort expansion to evaluate 2 dose levels of enzalutamide: 80 mg and 160 mg/day orally (phase 1a) in combination with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel in metastatic pancreatic cancer patients."	( Phase 1 trial of enzalutamide in combination with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer. Copolla, D; Goyal, G; Kim, J; Kim, R; Kommalapati, A; Mahipal, A; Neuger, A; Soares, H; Tella, SH, 2019)	0.96
"The authors undertook a phase 1 study of gemcitabine in combination with escalating doses of paricalcitol administered weekly intravenously in patients with advanced cancers."	( A phase 1, open-label, dose escalation study of intravenous paricalcitol in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced malignancies. Fetterly, G; Fountzilas, C; Iyer, R; Javle, M; Johnson, C; Ma, Y; Tan, W, 2018)	0.97
" Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of oVV‑Smac combined with gemcitabine was also evaluated."	( Gemcitabine combined with an engineered oncolytic vaccinia virus exhibits a synergistic suppressive effect on the tumor growth of pancreatic cancer. Chen, W; Fan, W; Huang, F; Lu, X; Mou, X; Ru, G; Wang, S; Zhang, X, 2019)	2.2
" We investigated the efficacy of first-line gemcitabine and cisplatin (GP) chemotherapy versus gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy combined with the anti-angiogenic drug endostar (GP + E) in advanced thymoma and thymic carcinoma."	( Efficacy and toxicities of gemcitabine and cisplatin combined with endostar in advanced thymoma and thymic carcinoma. Chen, X; Dai, L; Fang, J; Han, J; Han, S; Hu, W; Long, J; Ma, X; Nie, J; Tian, G; Wang, Y; Zhang, Z, 2019)	1.07
" Chemotherapy combined with endostar could improve the overall response rate, but did not prolong PFS or OS."	( Efficacy and toxicities of gemcitabine and cisplatin combined with endostar in advanced thymoma and thymic carcinoma. Chen, X; Dai, L; Fang, J; Han, J; Han, S; Hu, W; Long, J; Ma, X; Nie, J; Tian, G; Wang, Y; Zhang, Z, 2019)	0.81
" This study was designed to investigate the effects of microwave hyperthermia combined with gemcitabine on the proliferation and apoptosis of human lung squamous cell carcinoma (NCI-H1703 and NCI-H2170) in vitro."	( [Microwave Hyperthermia Combined with Gemcitabine Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Human Lung Squamous Carcinoma Cells]. Ma, S; Yang, D; Yang, Y; Zhao, Y, 2018)	0.97
" Furthermore, Western blot analysis showed that microwave hyperthermia combined with gemcitabine could up-regulate the p53, Caspase-3, Cleaved-Caspase-3, Cleaved-PARP and Bax protein expression."	( [Microwave Hyperthermia Combined with Gemcitabine Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Human Lung Squamous Carcinoma Cells]. Ma, S; Yang, D; Yang, Y; Zhao, Y, 2018)	0.98
"Microwave hyperthermia combined with gemcitabine remarkably inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of human lung squamous cell carcinoma in vitro."	( [Microwave Hyperthermia Combined with Gemcitabine Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Human Lung Squamous Carcinoma Cells]. Ma, S; Yang, D; Yang, Y; Zhao, Y, 2018)	1.02
" Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including erlotinib and gefitinib, which block the action of the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 1 receptor, provide small increases in patient survival when administered with gemcitabine."	( Targeting retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation in combination with EGFR inhibition in pancreatic cancer cells. Abraham, RG; Dedi, B; Krucher, NA; Thomas, NA, 2019)	0.7
"To investigate the clinical efficacy of bevacizumab combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GP) combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."	( Clinical efficacy of bevacizumab combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Duan, J; Liu, D; Shi, Y; Yang, Z, )	0.63
" Patients in the control group were treated with GP chemotherapy, while patients in observation group were treated with intravenous infusion of bevacizumab combined with GP chemotherapy."	( Clinical efficacy of bevacizumab combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Duan, J; Liu, D; Shi, Y; Yang, Z, )	0.39
" This study aimed to investigate the curative effects and safety of hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy (HCT) for advanced patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially those with malignant pleural effusion."	( Radiofrequency deep hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lai, ZY; Li, Y; Mu, JB; Xie, J; Xu, J; Yang, MD; Yang, WH; Zhang, GH, 2019)	0.51
" The HCT group was treated with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GP) regimen combined with regional radiofrequency deep hyperthermia, while the CT group was treated with GP regimen only."	( Radiofrequency deep hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lai, ZY; Li, Y; Mu, JB; Xie, J; Xu, J; Yang, MD; Yang, WH; Zhang, GH, 2019)	0.8
"Hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy might lead to the development of better therapeutic strategy for advanced NSCLC with malignant pleural effusion patients."	( Radiofrequency deep hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lai, ZY; Li, Y; Mu, JB; Xie, J; Xu, J; Yang, MD; Yang, WH; Zhang, GH, 2019)	0.51
" This phase Ib study evaluated vantictumab in combination with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with untreated metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma."	( A phase 1b dose escalation study of Wnt pathway inhibitor vantictumab in combination with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with previously untreated metastatic pancreatic cancer. Berlin, J; Cardin, DB; Cohen, SJ; Davis, SL; Dotan, E; Kapoun, AM; Lenz, HJ; Messersmith, WA; O'Neil, BH; Shahda, S; Stagg, RJ, 2020)	1
" In this study, we built on our preclinical studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of AZD1775 in combination with gemcitabine and radiation in patients with newly diagnosed locally advanced pancreatic cancer."	( Dose Escalation Trial of the Wee1 Inhibitor Adavosertib (AZD1775) in Combination With Gemcitabine and Radiation for Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. Al-Hawaray, M; Cho, CS; Cuneo, KC; Devasia, T; Lawrence, TS; Maybaum, J; Morgan, MA; Nathan, H; Parsels, JD; Parsels, LA; Sahai, V; Schipper, MJ; Zalupski, MM, 2019)	0.95
"AZD1775 in combination with gemcitabine and radiation therapy was well tolerated at a dose that produced target engagement in a surrogate tissue."	( Dose Escalation Trial of the Wee1 Inhibitor Adavosertib (AZD1775) in Combination With Gemcitabine and Radiation for Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. Al-Hawaray, M; Cho, CS; Cuneo, KC; Devasia, T; Lawrence, TS; Maybaum, J; Morgan, MA; Nathan, H; Parsels, JD; Parsels, LA; Sahai, V; Schipper, MJ; Zalupski, MM, 2019)	1.03
"This study aimed to examine the efficacy of metabolically supported administration of chemotherapy combined with ketogenic diet, hyperthermia, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer."	( Long-Term Survival Outcomes of Metabolically Supported Chemotherapy with Gemcitabine-Based or FOLFIRINOX Regimen Combined with Ketogenic Diet, Hyperthermia, and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer. Iyikesici, MS, 2020)	0.79
" In conclusion, MDC-1112 should be further explored as a potential agent to be used in combination with GEM for treating PC."	( Phospho-valproic acid (MDC-1112) reduces pancreatic cancer growth in patient-derived tumor xenografts and KPC mice: enhanced efficacy when combined with gemcitabine. Digiovanni, MG; Lacomb, JF; Luo, D; Mackenzie, GG; Rigas, B; Wei, R; Williams, JL, 2020)	0.76
"This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes, toxicity, and prognostic factors of SBRT combined with gemcitabine plus capecitabine (GEM-CAP) in treating locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC)."	( Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of stereotactic body radiation therapy combined with gemcitabine plus capecitabine for locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer. Huang, GC; Ji, XQ; Jiang, CC; Li, AM; Li, B; Shen, ZT; Yuan, X; Zhou, H; Zhu, XX, 2020)	0.99
"A total of 56 patients with LAPC treated with SBRT combined with GEM-CAP were reviewed from October 2010 to October 2016."	( Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of stereotactic body radiation therapy combined with gemcitabine plus capecitabine for locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer. Huang, GC; Ji, XQ; Jiang, CC; Li, AM; Li, B; Shen, ZT; Yuan, X; Zhou, H; Zhu, XX, 2020)	0.78
"To evaluate clinical outcomes when HAI chemotherapy is combined with systemic chemotherapy in patients with unresectable IHC."	( Assessment of Hepatic Arterial Infusion of Floxuridine in Combination With Systemic Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin in Patients With Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Phase 2 Clinical Trial. Allen, PJ; Balachandran, VP; Boerner, T; Boucher, TM; Cercek, A; Chapman, WC; Chou, JF; D'Angelica, MI; DeMatteo, RP; Diaz, LA; Do, RKG; Drebin, JA; Fields, RC; Gönen, M; Harding, JJ; Hauser, HF; Hawkins, WG; Jarnagin, WR; Kemeny, NE; Kingham, TP; Lim, KH; Lowery, MA; Majella Doyle, MB; Reidy-Lagunes, D; Saltz, L; Sanchez-Vega, F; Schultz, N; Strasberg, SM; Tan, BR; Vachharajani, N; Varghese, AM, 2020)	0.78
" We hypothesized that pelareorep in combination with pembrolizumab and chemotherapy in patients with PDAC would be safe and effective."	( Pembrolizumab in Combination with the Oncolytic Virus Pelareorep and Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Phase Ib Study. Arora, SP; Cheetham, K; Coffey, M; Eng, KH; Fields, P; Fountzilas, C; Kalinski, P; Mahalingam, D; Moseley, JL; Nuovo, G; Raber, P; Wilkinson, GA; Zhang, B, 2020)	0.56
"This Phase IIb (NCT02195180) open-label study evaluated erythrocyte-encapsulated asparaginase (eryaspase) in combination with chemotherapy in second-line advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma."	( Erythrocyte-encapsulated asparaginase (eryaspase) combined with chemotherapy in second-line treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer: An open-label, randomized Phase IIb trial. Andre, T; Bachet, JB; Bouche, O; Cros, J; De La Fouchardiere, C; El Hajbi, F; El Hariry, I; Fabienne, P; Faroux, R; Guimbaud, R; Gupta, A; Hamm, A; Hammel, P; Kay, R; Lecomte, T; Louvet, C; Metges, JP; Mineur, L; Rebischung, C; Tougeron, D; Tournigand, C, 2020)	0.56
"Eligible patients were randomized 2:1 to either eryaspase in combination with gemcitabine or mFOLFOX6 (eryaspase arm), or to gemcitabine or mFOLFOX6 alone (control arm)."	( Erythrocyte-encapsulated asparaginase (eryaspase) combined with chemotherapy in second-line treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer: An open-label, randomized Phase IIb trial. Andre, T; Bachet, JB; Bouche, O; Cros, J; De La Fouchardiere, C; El Hajbi, F; El Hariry, I; Fabienne, P; Faroux, R; Guimbaud, R; Gupta, A; Hamm, A; Hammel, P; Kay, R; Lecomte, T; Louvet, C; Metges, JP; Mineur, L; Rebischung, C; Tougeron, D; Tournigand, C, 2020)	0.79
"Eryaspase in combination with chemotherapy is associated with improvements in OS and PFS, irrespective of ASNS expression in second-line advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma."	( Erythrocyte-encapsulated asparaginase (eryaspase) combined with chemotherapy in second-line treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer: An open-label, randomized Phase IIb trial. Andre, T; Bachet, JB; Bouche, O; Cros, J; De La Fouchardiere, C; El Hajbi, F; El Hariry, I; Fabienne, P; Faroux, R; Guimbaud, R; Gupta, A; Hamm, A; Hammel, P; Kay, R; Lecomte, T; Louvet, C; Metges, JP; Mineur, L; Rebischung, C; Tougeron, D; Tournigand, C, 2020)	0.56
"LMS03 failed to show that second-line therapy, with gemcitabine combined with pazopanib, followed by pazopanib alone, was beneficial for advanced LMS patients."	( A phase II of gemcitabine combined with pazopanib followed by pazopanib maintenance, as second-line treatment in patients with advanced leiomyosarcomas: A unicancer French Sarcoma Group study (LMS03 study). Bay, JO; Bertucci, F; Bompas, E; Bozec, L; Chenuc, G; Chevreau, C; Cupissol, D; Delaye, J; Delcambre, C; Duffaud, F; Eymard, JC; Guillemet, C; Isambert, N; Italiano, A; Pautier, P; Penel, N; Piperno-Neumann, S; Ray-Coquard, I; Rios, M; Saada, E, 2020)	1.17
"This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of docetaxel combined with lobaplatin, relative to docetaxel combined with gemcitabine, for treating patients with recurrent metastatic breast cancer (rMBC)."	( Pilot study of docetaxel combined with lobaplatin or gemcitabine for recurrent and metastatic breast cancer. Chang, J; Chen, T; He, M; Hong, W; Li, F; Li, H; Li, J; Liu, L; Luo, D; Ran, L; Shan, L; Song, Y; Wang, B; Wang, H, 2019)	0.97
" To this end, we developed and evaluated a novel drug combination of gemcitabine and paclitaxel (GT)."	( Novel drug combination nanoparticles exhibit enhanced plasma exposure and dose-responsive effects on eliminating breast cancer lung metastasis. Griffin, JI; Ho, RJY; McConnachie, LA; Mu, Q; Wu, Y; Yu, J; Zhu, L, 2020)	0.79
" The patients in MPC group were treated with microwave ablation (MWA) combined with PC while patients in MGC group were given MWA combined with gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GC)."	( Comparative clinical study on microwave ablation combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin or combined with pemetrexed and cisplatin in treatment of advanced NSCLC. Feng, Y; Wang, L; Wu, Y; Zhang, Y; Zhou, Y, 2020)	1
"Many research has indicated that some Chinese herb injections (CHIs) might be beneficial in combination with chemotherapy, however, with inconsistent results."	( Comparative efficacy of Chinese herbal injections combined with GP regimen chemotherapy for patients with advanced NSCLC: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis. Li, J; Liu, TT; Xu, BW; Zhu, GH, 2020)	0.56
" We researched clinical significance of circPVT1 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received cisplatin combined with gemcitabine chemotherapy."	( Clinical significance of circPVT1 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who received cisplatin combined with gemcitabine chemotherapy. Bao, C; Cai, S; Chen, Q; Kong, J; Liu, S; Lu, H; Luo, J; Xie, X, 2021)	1.03
" In addition, after cisplatin combined with gemcitabine chemotherapy, circPVT1 expression was decreased, and circPVT1 expression in the chemotherapy-resistant group was higher than in the chemotherapy-sensitive group."	( Clinical significance of circPVT1 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who received cisplatin combined with gemcitabine chemotherapy. Bao, C; Cai, S; Chen, Q; Kong, J; Liu, S; Lu, H; Luo, J; Xie, X, 2021)	1.09
"Our study revealed the clinical significance of circPVT1 in NSCLC after cisplatin combined with gemcitabine chemotherapy."	( Clinical significance of circPVT1 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who received cisplatin combined with gemcitabine chemotherapy. Bao, C; Cai, S; Chen, Q; Kong, J; Liu, S; Lu, H; Luo, J; Xie, X, 2021)	1.05
"Reports of the efficacy of induction chemotherapy (IC) combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) on locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are scarce."	( Gemcitabine combined with cisplatin vs. taxane, cisplatin, and fluorouracil in the treatment of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a retrospective case-control study. Chen, WP; Huang, YM; Li, SL; Lu, L; Qi, CH; Qiao, SQ, 2020)	2
"This study retrospectively analyzed 827 patients with advanced NPC who received IC combined with CCRT in People's Hospital of Rizhao, China from January 2006 to June 2012."	( Gemcitabine combined with cisplatin vs. taxane, cisplatin, and fluorouracil in the treatment of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a retrospective case-control study. Chen, WP; Huang, YM; Li, SL; Lu, L; Qi, CH; Qiao, SQ, 2020)	2
"The clinical efficacy of the GP regimen combined with CCRT for the treatment of locoregionally advanced NPC may be better than that of the TPF regimen."	( Gemcitabine combined with cisplatin vs. taxane, cisplatin, and fluorouracil in the treatment of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a retrospective case-control study. Chen, WP; Huang, YM; Li, SL; Lu, L; Qi, CH; Qiao, SQ, 2020)	2
" To address potential concerns that iohexol administered during a course of chemotherapy impacts that therapy, we performed in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction evaluations of iohexol."	( Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction potential of iohexol, a renal filtration marker. Beumer, JH; Christner, S; Chu, E; Guo, J; Holleran, JL; Ivy, SP; Joshi, A; Kiesel, B; Miller, BM; Parise, RA; Taylor, S; Venkataramanan, R, 2020)	0.56
"Iohexol is unlikely to affect the clinical pharmacokinetics of carboplatin, paclitaxel, gemcitabine, or other agents used in combination with carboplatin treatment."	( Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction potential of iohexol, a renal filtration marker. Beumer, JH; Christner, S; Chu, E; Guo, J; Holleran, JL; Ivy, SP; Joshi, A; Kiesel, B; Miller, BM; Parise, RA; Taylor, S; Venkataramanan, R, 2020)	0.78
" In this study, we administered apatinib in combination with chemotherapy to achieve good disease control."	( Chemotherapy combined with apatinib for the treatment of desmoplastic small round cell tumors: A case report. Cheng, X; Li, Y; Tian, Y, 2020)	0.56
" This report describes a Phase Ib clinical trial investigating PG-11047 in combination with cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic chemotherapeutic agents in patients with advanced refractory metastatic solid tumors or lymphoma."	( A Phase Ib multicenter, dose-escalation study of the polyamine analogue PG-11047 in combination with gemcitabine, docetaxel, bevacizumab, erlotinib, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, or sunitinib in patients with advanced solid tumors or lymphoma. Becerra, CHR; Boyd, TE; Casero, RA; Conkling, PR; Fitzgerald, M; Garbo, LE; Jotte, RM; Marton, LJ; Murray Stewart, T; Richards, DA; Smith, DA; Stephenson, JJ; Vogelzang, NJ; Von Hoff, D; Wu, HH, 2021)	0.84
"The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of PG-11047 in combination with bevacizumab, erlotinib, cisplatin, and 5-FU was 590 mg."	( A Phase Ib multicenter, dose-escalation study of the polyamine analogue PG-11047 in combination with gemcitabine, docetaxel, bevacizumab, erlotinib, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, or sunitinib in patients with advanced solid tumors or lymphoma. Becerra, CHR; Boyd, TE; Casero, RA; Conkling, PR; Fitzgerald, M; Garbo, LE; Jotte, RM; Marton, LJ; Murray Stewart, T; Richards, DA; Smith, DA; Stephenson, JJ; Vogelzang, NJ; Von Hoff, D; Wu, HH, 2021)	0.84
"Results of this Phase Ib trial indicate that PG-11047 can be safely administered to patients in combination with bevacizumab, erlotinib, cisplatin, and 5-FU on the once weekly dosing schedule described and may provide therapeutic benefit."	( A Phase Ib multicenter, dose-escalation study of the polyamine analogue PG-11047 in combination with gemcitabine, docetaxel, bevacizumab, erlotinib, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, or sunitinib in patients with advanced solid tumors or lymphoma. Becerra, CHR; Boyd, TE; Casero, RA; Conkling, PR; Fitzgerald, M; Garbo, LE; Jotte, RM; Marton, LJ; Murray Stewart, T; Richards, DA; Smith, DA; Stephenson, JJ; Vogelzang, NJ; Von Hoff, D; Wu, HH, 2021)	0.84
" Therefore, this study attempts to elucidate the efficiency and safety of concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with adjuvant chemotherapy (gemcitabine plus cisplatin versus 5-fluorouracil plus cisplatin) for treating patients with NPC."	( Efficacy and safety of two different adjuvant chemotherapy regimens in combination with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in treating patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A protocol for randomized controlled trial. Cui, J; Pan, LX; Tan, HF; Xiao, Z; Zhang, LL, 2021)	0.82
"This study is a randomized, multicentral, open-labelled trial to assess the clinical efficiency and safety of using concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with adjuvant chemotherapy as a therapeutic measure for advanced NPC patients."	( Efficacy and safety of two different adjuvant chemotherapy regimens in combination with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in treating patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A protocol for randomized controlled trial. Cui, J; Pan, LX; Tan, HF; Xiao, Z; Zhang, LL, 2021)	0.62
"The current research evaluates the clinical efficiency and safety of utilising concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with adjuvant chemotherapy as a therapeutic strategy to treat advanced NPC patients."	( Efficacy and safety of two different adjuvant chemotherapy regimens in combination with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in treating patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A protocol for randomized controlled trial. Cui, J; Pan, LX; Tan, HF; Xiao, Z; Zhang, LL, 2021)	0.62
" Cell invasion and metastasis-related factors decreased after AMD3100 combined with gemcitabine."	( The effect of gemcitabine combined with AMD3100 applying to cholangiocarcinoma RBE cell lines to CXCR4/CXCL12 axis. Bian, W; Liu, JH; Liu, SG; Lv, HT; Wang, WB; Xing, L; Zhang, TF, 2021)	1.21
"Between November 2013 and May 2015, 71 patients were randomized to chemotherapy in combination with DCVAC/OvCa or to chemotherapy alone."	( Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy (DCVAC/OvCa) combined with second-line chemotherapy in platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer (SOV02): A randomized, open-label, phase 2 trial. Bartos, P; Bartunkova, J; Chovanec, J; Cibula, D; Fucikova, J; Galluzzi, L; Hassan, HIB; Hein, A; Hraska, M; Hrnciarova, T; Kieszko, D; Klat, J; Knapp, P; Madry, R; Mallmann, P; Markowska, J; Melichar, B; Minar, L; Pecen, L; Pluta, M; Rob, L; Spacek, J; Spisek, R; Streb, J; Valha, P; Wimberger, P, 2021)	0.62
"DCVAC/OvCa combined with chemotherapy had a favorable safety profile in patients with platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer."	( Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy (DCVAC/OvCa) combined with second-line chemotherapy in platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer (SOV02): A randomized, open-label, phase 2 trial. Bartos, P; Bartunkova, J; Chovanec, J; Cibula, D; Fucikova, J; Galluzzi, L; Hassan, HIB; Hein, A; Hraska, M; Hrnciarova, T; Kieszko, D; Klat, J; Knapp, P; Madry, R; Mallmann, P; Markowska, J; Melichar, B; Minar, L; Pecen, L; Pluta, M; Rob, L; Spacek, J; Spisek, R; Streb, J; Valha, P; Wimberger, P, 2021)	0.62
" In complex diseases like cancer, single-agent approaches are often insufficient for an effective treatment, and drug combination therapies can be implemented."	( New In Vitro-In Silico Approach for the Prediction of In Vivo Performance of Drug Combinations. Correia, C; Ferreira, A; Lapa, R; Santos, J; Urtti, A; Vale, N; Yliperttula, M, 2021)	0.62
"In this phase I, dose-escalation study, we sought to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase/c-ROS oncogene 1 receptor (ALK/ROS1) inhibitor ceritinib in combination with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors."	( A phase I study of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor ceritinib in combination with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors. Adjei, A; Attwood, K; Bshara, W; Evans, R; Fountzilas, C; Ghasemi, M; Goey, A; Groman, A; Iyer, R; Ma, WW; Opyrchal, M; Wilton, J, 2021)	1.03
" The purpose of this study was to further investigate its synergistic antitumor efficiency in combination with low-dose chemotherapeutic gemcitabine (GEM) on the subcutaneous hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft model in nude mice."	( Synergistic Effect of Baculovirus-Mediated Endostatin and Angiostatin Combined with Gemcitabine in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Bai, C; Fan, H; Ji, Y; Wang, Z; Yang, M; Yang, W, 2022)	1.15
" Herein, a murine xenograft model of human aggressive B cell lymphoma (BCL) was established to explore anti-lymphoma efficiency of L-CDDP combined with GEM."	( Cisplatin Loaded Poly(L-glutamic acid)-g-Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol Complex Nanoparticles Combined with Gemcitabine Presents Improved Safety and Lasting Anti-Tumor Efficacy in a Murine Xenograft Model of Human Aggressive B Cell Lymphoma. Bai, O; Guo, W; Liu, Z; Song, W; Tang, Z; Wang, S; Yu, H; Zhang, D, 2021)	0.84
"s) or rosmarinic acid in combination with gemcitabine on Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cells."	( Complementary effects of Orthosiphon stamineus standardized ethanolic extract and rosmarinic acid in combination with gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer. Abdul Majid, AMS; Asif, M; Oon, CE; Yehya, AHS, 2021)	1.09
"To evaluate the efficacy of recombinant human endostatin combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."	( Systematic Evaluation Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Recombinant Human Endostatin Combined with Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. He, Y; Huang, M; Yi, C; Zhang, L, 2022)	1.17
"The databases of Cochrane Library, Embase, ClinicalTrials, PubMed, HowNet, Wanfang, and VIP were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of recombinant human endostatin combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin (experimental group) and gemcitabine combined with cisplatin (control group) for comparative study."	( Systematic Evaluation Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Recombinant Human Endostatin Combined with Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. He, Y; Huang, M; Yi, C; Zhang, L, 2022)	1.13
"Endobiliary RFA prolonged the patency period of uncovered SEMS combined with GC therapy in patients with eCCA."	( Endobiliary Radiofrequency Ablation Combined with Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Patients with Unresectable Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Ibusuki, M; Inoue, T; Ito, K; Kitano, R; Kobayashi, Y; Naitoh, I; Nakade, Y; Sumida, Y; Yoneda, M, 2022)	0.97
"To evaluate the efficacy of bevacizumab and gemcitabine in combination with cisplatin in the treatment of esophageal cancer and the effect on the incidence of adverse reactions."	( Efficacy of Bevacizumab and Gemcitabine in Combination with Cisplatin in the Treatment of Esophageal Cancer and the Effect on the Incidence of Adverse Reactions. Cai, L; Chen, S; Li, J; Wang, J; Zhao, Q, 2022)	1.28
" The control group was treated with gemcitabine combined with cisplatin, and the study group was treated with the triple therapy of bevacizumab, gemcitabine, and cisplatin."	( Efficacy of Bevacizumab and Gemcitabine in Combination with Cisplatin in the Treatment of Esophageal Cancer and the Effect on the Incidence of Adverse Reactions. Cai, L; Chen, S; Li, J; Wang, J; Zhao, Q, 2022)	1.29
"The clinical efficiency of bevacizumab and gemcitabine combined with cisplatin in the treatment of esophageal cancer is remarkable, which improves the survival of patients, and is worthy of clinical promotion and application."	( Efficacy of Bevacizumab and Gemcitabine in Combination with Cisplatin in the Treatment of Esophageal Cancer and the Effect on the Incidence of Adverse Reactions. Cai, L; Chen, S; Li, J; Wang, J; Zhao, Q, 2022)	1.28
" This open-label, phase I study (TRX518-003) evaluated the safety and efficacy of repeated dose TRX518 monotherapy and in combination with gemcitabine, pembrolizumab, or nivolumab in advanced solid tumors."	( Phase IB Study of GITR Agonist Antibody TRX518 Singly and in Combination with Gemcitabine, Pembrolizumab, or Nivolumab in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Bajor, D; Bauer, T; Davar, D; Holland, A; Luke, JJ; Merghoub, T; Naik, GS; Newman, W; Piper, D; Qi, J; Rixe, O; Sato, T; Sifferlen, L; Sirard, CA; Wang, H; Wolchok, JD; Wong, P; Zappasodi, R, 2022)	1.15
"To explore the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine (GEM) combined with cisplatin (DDP) in the treatment of recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)."	( Gemcitabine Combined with Cisplatin Has a Better Effect in the Treatment of Recurrent/Metastatic Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cai, MB; Li, ZM; Nie, YH; Tan, YR; Yang, Q; Zhu, HB, 2022)	2.44
"GEM combined with DDP can provide more clinical benefits for patients with recurrent/metastatic advanced NPC, with less side effects, high tolerance and significant efficacy, which can be further promoted in clinical use."	( Gemcitabine Combined with Cisplatin Has a Better Effect in the Treatment of Recurrent/Metastatic Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cai, MB; Li, ZM; Nie, YH; Tan, YR; Yang, Q; Zhu, HB, 2022)	2.16
"Platinum is recommended in combination with gemcitabine in the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC)."	( A randomized phase 3 trial of Gemcitabine or Nab-paclitaxel combined with cisPlatin as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Cai, L; Guo, X; Hu, X; Jiang, Z; Luo, J; Pan, Y; Shao, Z; Sun, T; Teng, YE; Wang, B; Wang, S; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Wu, J; Yan, M; Zhang, J; Zhao, Y, 2022)	1.27
"Gemcitabine (GEM) and cisplatin (CDDP) were employed as representative antineoplastic agents to observe effects of continuous low-dose chemotherapy with GEM or GEM combined with CDDP (GEM+CDDP) on tumor formation and growthin xenograft tumor models in vivo."	( Promotion of tumor progression induced by continuous low-dose administration of antineoplastic agent gemcitabine or gemcitabine combined with cisplatin. Chen, Y; Feng, W; Feng, Y; Li, H; Liu, H; You, H; Zheng, Q, 2022)	2.38
" The primary objective was to determine the recommended phase 2 dose of crenigacestat combined with other anticancer agents (gemcitabine/cisplatin or gemcitabine/carboplatin)."	( A phase 1b study of crenigacestat (LY3039478) in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin or gemcitabine and carboplatin in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. Anderson, B; Azaro, A; Benhadji, KA; Cassier, PA; Massard, C; Oakley, G; Pant, S; Yu, D; Yuen, E, 2022)	1.16
"This study demonstrated that the Notch inhibitor, crenigacestat, combined with different anticancer agents (gemcitabine, cisplatin, and carboplatin) was poorly tolerated and resulted in disappointing clinical activity in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors."	( A phase 1b study of crenigacestat (LY3039478) in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin or gemcitabine and carboplatin in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. Anderson, B; Azaro, A; Benhadji, KA; Cassier, PA; Massard, C; Oakley, G; Pant, S; Yu, D; Yuen, E, 2022)	1.17
"A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial assessed gemcitabine in combination with the wee1 inhibitor adavosertib or placebo in platinum resistant or refractory high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), demonstrating improved progression free and overall survival favouring the adavosertib/gemcitabine arm."	( Patient self-reporting of tolerability using PRO-CTCAE in a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II trial comparing gemcitabine in combination with adavosertib or placebo in patients with platinum resistant or refractory epithelial ovarian ca Bowering, V; Chang, K; Dhani, NC; Karakasis, K; Kavak, N; Lheureux, S; Madariaga, A; Mitchell, SA; Oza, AM; Pittman, T; Quintos, J; Ramsahai, J; Wang, L; Welch, SA, 2022)	1.16
"In the treatment of gallbladder cancer, the use of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin combined with apatinib can effectively control the progression of patients' disease."	( Effects of Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin Combined with Apatinib on Immune Function and Levels of SIL-2R and sicAM-1 in Patients with Gallbladder Cancer. Hu, W; Li, K; Liu, K; Qu, L, 2022)	1.36
"This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy combined with gemcitabine chemotherapy in multiline treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer."	( Clinical Study of Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy Combined with Gemcitabine Chemotherapy in Multiline Treatment of Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. Du, S; Fan, L; Li, Y; Liu, Y; Wang, J, 2022)	1.19
" In this study, we investigated the safety and efficacy of gemcitabine and cisplatin (GP), combined with a PD-1 inhibitor, in patients with locally advanced HNSCC."	( Neoadjuvant toripalimab combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin in resectable locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (NeoTGP01): An open label, single-arm, phase Ib clinical trial. Feng, W; Hong, H; Huang, X; Jiang, W; Li, Z; Liang, J; Liang, L; Liu, Q; Liu, Y; Liu, ZG; Peng, Y; Xian, S; Yang, S; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z; Zhong, G; Zhou, Y, 2022)	1.24
"This was a Phase I/II trial of the novel checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) inhibitor SRA737 given in combination with gemcitabine."	( A Phase I/II Trial of Oral SRA737 (a Chk1 Inhibitor) Given in Combination with Low-Dose Gemcitabine in Patients with Advanced Cancer. Anthoney, A; Arkenau, T; Banerji, U; Blagden, S; Carter, L; Garralda, E; Jones, R; Klencke, BJ; Kowalski, MM; Kristeleit, R; Moreno, V; Plummer, R; Roda, D; Roxburgh, P; Sarker, D; Walter, HS, 2023)	1.34
"The RP2D was determined to be 500 mg SRA737 combined with low-dose (250 mg/m2) gemcitabine."	( A Phase I/II Trial of Oral SRA737 (a Chk1 Inhibitor) Given in Combination with Low-Dose Gemcitabine in Patients with Advanced Cancer. Anthoney, A; Arkenau, T; Banerji, U; Blagden, S; Carter, L; Garralda, E; Jones, R; Klencke, BJ; Kowalski, MM; Kristeleit, R; Moreno, V; Plummer, R; Roda, D; Roxburgh, P; Sarker, D; Walter, HS, 2023)	1.36
"SRA737 in combination with low-dose gemcitabine was well tolerated with lower myelotoxicity than has been seen at standard doses of gemcitabine or with other combinations of Chk1 inhibitors with gemcitabine."	( A Phase I/II Trial of Oral SRA737 (a Chk1 Inhibitor) Given in Combination with Low-Dose Gemcitabine in Patients with Advanced Cancer. Anthoney, A; Arkenau, T; Banerji, U; Blagden, S; Carter, L; Garralda, E; Jones, R; Klencke, BJ; Kowalski, MM; Kristeleit, R; Moreno, V; Plummer, R; Roda, D; Roxburgh, P; Sarker, D; Walter, HS, 2023)	1.41
"We reported a patient with unresectable ICC who received lenvatinib and pembrolizumab in combination with gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GP) chemotherapy and subsequently underwent radical liver resection."	( Conversion therapy for advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with lenvatinib and pembrolizumab combined with gemcitabine plus cisplatin: A case report and literature review. Chen, XP; Luo, C; Zhang, BX; Zhang, W; Zhang, ZY, 2022)	1.15
"Lenvatinib and anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab in combination with GP chemotherapy provided promising antitumor efficacy with reasonable tolerability, which may be a potentially feasible and safe conversion therapy strategy for patients with initially unresectable and advanced ICC."	( Conversion therapy for advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with lenvatinib and pembrolizumab combined with gemcitabine plus cisplatin: A case report and literature review. Chen, XP; Luo, C; Zhang, BX; Zhang, W; Zhang, ZY, 2022)	0.93
" We report here the results of a retrospective multi-centre study evaluating the efficacy of MGAD (methotrexate, gemcitabine, L-asparaginase and dexamethasone) regimen (two cycles) combined with 'sandwich' radiotherapy in 35 patients with localised newly diagnosed extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma."	( Efficacy of a short sandwich protocol, methotrexate, gemcitabine, L-asparaginase and dexamethasone chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy, in localised newly diagnosed NK/T-cell lymphoma: A French retrospective study. Bachy, E; Cartron, G; Chaubard, S; Chauchet, A; Clavert, A; Couronné, L; Damaj, G; Fornecker, LM; Gaulard, P; Ghesquières, H; Gressin, R; Hermine, O; Jaccard, A; Lavergne, D; Le Gouill, S; Lemonnier, F; Marouf, A; Michot, JM; Obéric, L; Rossignol, J; Salles, G; Sibon, D; Tournilhac, O; Vargaftig, J; Waultier-Rascalou, A, 2023)	1.37
" In phase Ib, devimistat was infused over 2 hours in combination with GC on days 1 and 8 every 21 days with a primary objective to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D)."	( Devimistat in Combination with Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Biliary Tract Cancer: Preclinical Evaluation and Phase Ib Multicenter Clinical Trial (BilT-04). Achreja, A; Animasahun, O; Chinnaiyan, AM; Choppara, S; Crysler, O; Dippman, D; Enzler, T; Griffith, KA; Gunchick, V; Hsiehchen, D; Kumar-Sinha, C; Mohan, A; Nagrath, D; Nenwani, M; Sahai, V; Wuchu, F; Zalupski, MM; Zhen, DB, 2023)	1.2
" One DLT was observed, and the RP2D of devimistat was determined to be 2,000 mg/m2 in combination with GC."	( Devimistat in Combination with Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Biliary Tract Cancer: Preclinical Evaluation and Phase Ib Multicenter Clinical Trial (BilT-04). Achreja, A; Animasahun, O; Chinnaiyan, AM; Choppara, S; Crysler, O; Dippman, D; Enzler, T; Griffith, KA; Gunchick, V; Hsiehchen, D; Kumar-Sinha, C; Mohan, A; Nagrath, D; Nenwani, M; Sahai, V; Wuchu, F; Zalupski, MM; Zhen, DB, 2023)	1.2
"Devimistat in combination with GC is well tolerated and has an acceptable safety profile in patients with untreated advanced BTC."	( Devimistat in Combination with Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Biliary Tract Cancer: Preclinical Evaluation and Phase Ib Multicenter Clinical Trial (BilT-04). Achreja, A; Animasahun, O; Chinnaiyan, AM; Choppara, S; Crysler, O; Dippman, D; Enzler, T; Griffith, KA; Gunchick, V; Hsiehchen, D; Kumar-Sinha, C; Mohan, A; Nagrath, D; Nenwani, M; Sahai, V; Wuchu, F; Zalupski, MM; Zhen, DB, 2023)	1.2
" The participants will receive GEMOX chemotherapy combined with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab."	( Gemcitabine and cisplatin or oxaliplatin chemotherapy combined with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab for advanced biliary tract cancers: a single-arm trial. Cheng, SQ; Cheng, YQ; Feng, S; Guo, WX; Ni, QZ; Shi, J; Wang, K; Xiang, YJ; Yu, HM; Zhai, J, 2023)	2.35
" Identifying the key target that determines gemcitabine resistance in PDAC and reversing gemcitabine resistance using target inhibitors in combination with gemcitabine are crucial steps in the quest to improve survival prognosis in patients with PDAC."	( Nuclear PLD1 combined with NPM1 induces gemcitabine resistance through tumorigenic IL7R in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Chang, A; Ding, J; Feng, Y; Fu, D; Gao, C; Gao, S; Hao, J; Huang, C; Liu, J; Liu, Y; Ma, X; Ma, Y; Tang, B; Wang, H; Wang, X; Yan, J; Yang, S; Zhang, Z; Zhao, R; Zhao, T, 2023)	1.44
" With this in mind, enhanced chemotherapeutical regimes, in combination with local irradiation, should be evaluated."	( Treatment of primary or recurrent non-resectable pancreatic cancer with proton beam irradiation combined with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Dumke, C; Eberle, F; Engenhart-Cabillic, R; Exeli, L; Hauswald, H; Lautenschlaeger, S, 2023)	1.12
" We previously observed that a ketogenic diet (KD) combined with gemcitabine enhances overall survival in the autochthonous LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-Trp53 R172H/+; Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mouse model."	( A Ketogenic Diet in Combination with Gemcitabine Mitigates Pancreatic Cancer-Associated Cachexia in Male and Female KPC Mice. Baar, K; Chen, S; Cortez, NE; Crone, R; Gomes, AV; Hong, BV; Mackenzie, GG; Pathak, S; Rodriguez Lanzi, C; Sule, R; Wang, F, 2023)	1.42
" Six treatment cycles with a gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GEMOX) regimen combined with camrelizumab immunotherapy achieved a partial response and successful tumor conversion, as tumor invasion of the second porta hepatis and right hepatic artery was no longer evident."	( Case Report: Camrelizumab combined with gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in the treatment of advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a case report and literature review. Chen, J; Li, H; Lin, H; Sun, H; Wang, X; Zhang, Z, 2023)	1.47
"Administration of CHK1-targeted anticancer therapies is associated with an increased cumulative risk of cardiac complications, which is further amplified when combined with gemcitabine."	( SIRT3-dependent mitochondrial redox homeostasis mitigates CHK1 inhibition combined with gemcitabine treatment induced cardiotoxicity in hiPSC-CMs and mice. Bao, YL; Chen, JW; Du, C; Gu, AH; Gu, LF; Ji, Y; Jiang, QQ; Shan, TK; Sun, CQ; Wang, H; Wang, LS; Wang, QM; Wang, SB; Wei, TW; Xie, LP; Yang, TT; Zhou, LH, 2023)	1.33
" Furthermore, LirB combined with GEM had potent inhibitory effects on pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs)."	( Inhibitory effect of liriopesides B in combination with gemcitabine on human pancreatic cancer cells. Chen, M; Gan, L; Hong, P; Jin, J; Li, D; Liu, W; Wei, X; Wong, W; Wu, M; Wu, P; Wu, R; Xu, X; Zhang, K; Zheng, X, 2024)	1.69

Bioavailability

Gemcitabine (Gem) is low mainly due to its poor intestinal permeability and rapid metabolism. Valproate amide 3 is orally bioavailable and releases gem citabine into the systemic circulation after passing through the intestinal mucosa. Polymer-drug conjugates have spawned an approach to improve the cytotoxicity efficiency and bioavailability of gem Citabine by chemical modification.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" One limitation to its use is the necessity of co-injecting cimetidine to increase its bioavailability and hence its sensitivity for PET detection."	( Use of 5-[(76)Br]bromo-2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine as a ligand for tumour proliferation: validation in an animal tumour model. Bergström, M; Borbath, I; Grégoire, V; Långström, B; Laryea, D; Pauwels, S, 2002)	0.31
"Gefitinib (Iressa, ZD 1839) is an orally bioavailable small molecule that selectively inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) tyrosine kinase activity."	( [Molecular targeted therapy--non-small-cell lung cancer and gefitinib]. Horio, Y; Mitsudomi, T; Shimizu, J, 2005)	0.33
" Here we have analyzed the role of nucleoside transporters in nucleoside-derived drug bioavailability and action in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells."	( Expression of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) and its correlation with gemcitabine uptake and cytotoxicity in mantle cell lymphoma. Campo, E; Casado, FJ; Colomer, D; Marcé, S; Molina-Arcas, M; Pastor-Anglada, M; Villamor, N, 2006)	0.55
" Its stability as well as bioavailability can be increased by making prodrugs."	( Characterization of lipophilic gemcitabine prodrug-liposomal membrane interaction by differential scanning calorimetry. Castelli, F; Cattel, L; Ceruti, M; Rocco, F; Sarpietro, MG, )	0.42
"The stability and bioavailability of anticancer agents, such as gemcitabine, can be increased by forming prodrugs."	( Interaction of lipophilic gemcitabine prodrugs with biomembrane models studied by Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Castelli, F; Cattel, L; Ceruti, M; Rocco, F; Sarpietro, MG, 2007)	0.88
" EGFR inhibition may be achieved either by small-molecule orally bioavailable tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as gefitinib or erlotinib, or else by large-molecule receptor antibodies, such as cetuximab or panitumumab."	( Tumor resensitization to erlotinib following brief substitution of cetuximab. Epstein, RJ; Leung, TW, 2008)	0.35
"One of the key challenges in anticancer therapy is the toxicity and poor bioavailability of the anticancer drugs."	( Targeted delivery of gemcitabine to pancreatic adenocarcinoma using cetuximab as a targeting agent. Ames, MM; Bhattacharya, R; Buhrow, SA; Dutta, S; Katarya, A; Lau, JS; Muders, M; Mukherjee, P; Mukhopadhyay, D; Patra, CR; Reid, JM; Safgren, SL; Wang, E; Wang, S; Yaszemski, MJ, 2008)	0.66
" When mizoribine was administered orally in conscious rats, the bioavailability of mizoribine estimated by urinary excretion percentage of unchanged mizoribine was a dose dependent: 53."	( Characterization of intestinal absorption of mizoribine mediated by concentrative nucleoside transporters in rats. Kamio, Y; Mori, N; Murakami, T; Yokooji, T, 2008)	0.35
" Systemic exposure to dFdC was low with an estimated bioavailability of 10%."	( Oral administration of gemcitabine in patients with refractory tumors: a clinical and pharmacologic study. Andre, VA; Beijnen, JH; Callies, S; Jansen, RS; Kloeker-Rhoades, S; Pluim, D; Rosing, H; Schellens, JH; Slapak, CA; Veltkamp, SA; Visseren-Grul, CM, 2008)	0.66
" and orally substantially increased oral bioavailability of dFdC."	( Modulation of gemcitabine (2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine) pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and bioavailability in mice by 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrouridine. Beumer, JH; Covey, JM; Egorin, MJ; Eiseman, JL; Joseph, E; Parise, RA, 2008)	0.71
" Hence, modulation of a specific nucleoside transporter may affect bioavailability and contribute significantly to sensitizing tumor cells to these anticancer agents."	( Adenoviral-mediated overexpression of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) enhances gemcitabine response in human pancreatic cancer. Carbó, N; Casado, FJ; García-Manteiga, J; Mazo, A; Mercadé, E; Pastor-Anglada, M; Pérez-Torras, S, 2008)	0.56
" Valproate amide 3 is orally bioavailable and releases gemcitabine into the systemic circulation after passing through the intestinal mucosa."	( Synthesis, crystallization, and biological evaluation of an orally active prodrug of gemcitabine. Bao, J; Bender, DM; Dantzig, AH; Diseroad, WD; Law, KL; Magnus, NA; McCarthy, JR; Perkins, EJ; Peterson, JA; Pu, YJ; Remick, DM; Reutzel-Edens, SM; Starling, JJ; Stephenson, GA; Vaid, RK; Zhang, D, 2009)	0.82
" Bioavailability of compounds were checked by in vitro cytotoxicity study and confirmed to be nontoxic."	( Synthesis and biological evaluation of simple methoxylated chalcones as anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. Bandgar, BP; Bodade, RG; Gawande, SS; Khobragade, CN; Totre, JV, 2010)	0.36
"Curcumin induces cancer cell growth arrest and apoptosis in vitro, but its poor bioavailability in vivo limits its antitumor efficacy."	( Gemcitabine sensitivity can be induced in pancreatic cancer cells through modulation of miR-200 and miR-21 expression by curcumin or its analogue CDF. Ahmad, A; Ali, S; Banerjee, S; Dominiak, K; Padhye, S; Philip, PA; Sarkar, FH; Schaffert, JM; Wang, Z, 2010)	1.8
"To assess in a phase II pharmacokinetic study whether different pH levels, dilution volumes and exposure times affect intracellular bioavailability and systemic absorption of gemcitabine."	( Pharmacokinetic study to optimize the intravesical administration of gemcitabine. Berta, G; Carbone, F; Cattel, L; Fiorito, C; Gontero, P; Medana, C; Milla, P; Paone, TC; Tizzani, A, 2010)	0.79
"The most commonly reported administration scheme of gemcitabine produced the lowest tissue bioavailability of dFdC."	( Pharmacokinetic study to optimize the intravesical administration of gemcitabine. Berta, G; Carbone, F; Cattel, L; Fiorito, C; Gontero, P; Medana, C; Milla, P; Paone, TC; Tizzani, A, 2010)	0.85
" We have engineered a polymeric nanoparticle encapsulated curcumin formulation (NanoCurc) that shows remarkably higher systemic bioavailability in plasma and tissues compared with free curcumin upon parenteral administration."	( Systemic administration of polymeric nanoparticle-encapsulated curcumin (NanoCurc) blocks tumor growth and metastases in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. Bisht, S; Chenna, V; Feldmann, G; Goggins, MG; Hong, SM; Karikari, C; Maitra, A; Mizuma, M; Ottenhof, NA; Pramanik, D; Ravi, R; Rudek, MA; Sharma, R, 2010)	0.36
" Polymer-drug conjugates, in this regard have spawned an approach to improve the cytotoxicity efficiency and bioavailability of gemcitabine by chemical modification."	( Long circulation and cytotoxicity of PEGylated gemcitabine and its potential for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Sahoo, SK; Vandana, M, 2010)	0.82
" We have developed a novel synthetic compound-CDF, which showed greater bioavailability in animal tissues such as pancreas, and also induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis, which was mediated by inactivation of NF-κB, COX-2, and VEGF in pancreatic cancer (PC) cells."	( Anti-tumor activity of a novel compound-CDF is mediated by regulating miR-21, miR-200, and PTEN in pancreatic cancer. Aboukameel, A; Ali, S; Banerjee, S; Bao, B; Kong, D; Padhye, S; Philip, PA; Sarkar, FH; Sarkar, SH; Wang, Z, 2011)	0.37
"5-fold higher than that in control rats, whereas the bioavailability of cephalexin remained unchanged."	( Modulation in concentrative nucleoside transporters-mediated intestinal absorption of mizoribine, an immunosuppressive agent, in lipopolysaccharide-treated rats. Ishiguro, M; Kamio, Y; Mori, N; Murakami, T; Shimomukai, Y; Yokooji, T, 2011)	0.37
" NanoHHI particles have an average diameter of approximately 60 nm, forms uniform aqueous suspension, and improved systemic bioavailability compared with the parent compound."	( A polymeric nanoparticle encapsulated small-molecule inhibitor of Hedgehog signaling (NanoHHI) bypasses secondary mutational resistance to Smoothened antagonists. Aftab, BT; Campbell, NR; Chenna, V; Hong, SM; Hu, C; Karikari, C; Khan, SR; Maitra, A; Pramanik, D; Rudek, MA; Rudin, CM; Zhao, M, 2012)	0.38
" We hypothesize that NF-κB suppression with the novel, orally bioavailable inhibitor dimethylamino parthenolide (DMAPT) will sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine."	( Dimethylamino parthenolide enhances the inhibitory effects of gemcitabine in human pancreatic cancer cells. Beane, JD; Crooks, PA; Holcomb, BK; Schmidt, CM; Waters, JA; Yip-Schneider, MT, 2012)	0.82
" In vivo pharmacokinetic study showed that the CLA-GEM conjugate had a longer plasma half-life and a higher bioavailability compared to that of unmodified GEM."	( Enhanced anticancer activity of gemcitabine coupling with conjugated linoleic acid against human breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. Feng, Q; Gao, SY; Tao, XM; Wang, JB; Wang, JC; Zhang, LR; Zhang, Q, 2012)	0.66
"Sapacitabine is an orally bioavailable prodrug of the nucleoside analog 2'-C-cyano-2'-deoxy-1-β-D-arabino-pentofuranosylcytosine (CNDAC)."	( Sapacitabine, the prodrug of CNDAC, is a nucleoside analog with a unique action mechanism of inducing DNA strand breaks. Liu, XJ; Nowak, B; Plunkett, W; Wang, YQ, 2012)	0.38
"Owing to poor curcumin solubility, we have used cyclodextrins (CD) as an excipient allowing a considerable increase of aqueous solubility and bioavailability of curcumin."	( Curcumin-cyclodextrin complexes potentiate gemcitabine effects in an orthotopic mouse model of lung cancer. Bekaert, S; Cataldo, D; Chiap, P; Coia, I; Evrard, B; Foidart, JM; Gueders, M; Noel, A; Paulissen, G; Rocks, N; Van Heugen, JC, 2012)	0.64
" A novel series of potent and orally bioavailable 3-alkoxyamino-5-(pyridin-2-ylamino)pyrazine-2-carbonitrile CHK1 inhibitors was generated by hybridization of two lead scaffolds derived from fragment-based drug design and optimized for CHK1 potency and high selectivity using a cell-based assay cascade."	( Discovery of 3-alkoxyamino-5-(pyridin-2-ylamino)pyrazine-2-carbonitriles as selective, orally bioavailable CHK1 inhibitors. Aherne, GW; Box, G; Boxall, KJ; Collins, I; de Haven Brandon, AK; Eccles, SA; Eve, PD; Garrett, MD; Hayes, A; Lainchbury, M; Matthews, TP; McHardy, T; Raynaud, FI; Reader, JC; Valenti, MR; Walton, MI, 2012)	0.38
" In vivo pharmacokinetics showed the oral bioavailability of D07001-F4 to be 34%."	( In vitro and in vivo studies of pharmacokinetics and antitumor efficacy of D07001-F4, an oral gemcitabine formulation. Chang, LC; Hao, WH; Hsu, CS; Hsu, KY; Hsu, PJ; Hsueh, SP; Wang, JJ, 2013)	0.61
" Our previous reports suggested that SL-01 possesses superior bioavailability and anticancer activity to gemcitabine in mice."	( Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of SL-01, a prodrug of gemcitabine, in rats. Li, G; Li, W; Li, Y; Qin, Y; Qu, X; Sun, C; Wang, R; Zhao, C, 2013)	0.85
" The absolute bioavailability for the sum of gemcitabine was 32."	( Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of SL-01, a prodrug of gemcitabine, in rats. Li, G; Li, W; Li, Y; Qin, Y; Qu, X; Sun, C; Wang, R; Zhao, C, 2013)	0.9
"SL-01 displayed improved absorption, good distribution, high clearance, long mean residence time, and moderate bioavailability after administered intravenously or orally to rats."	( Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of SL-01, a prodrug of gemcitabine, in rats. Li, G; Li, W; Li, Y; Qin, Y; Qu, X; Sun, C; Wang, R; Zhao, C, 2013)	0.64
" Intriguingly, the proposed triple therapy approach could be further enhanced by using a PEGylated formulation of gemcitabine, which significantly increased its bioavailability and tissue penetration, resulting in a further improved overall outcome."	( Multimodal Treatment Eliminates Cancer Stem Cells and Leads to Long-Term Survival in Primary Human Pancreatic Cancer Tissue Xenografts. Bakker, A; Balic, A; Garcia, E; Hahn, SA; Heeschen, C; Hermann, PC; Hidalgo, M; Sahoo, SK; Sainz, B; Trabulo, SM; Tunici, P; Vandana, M, 2013)	0.6
" Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems can provide an alternative approach for regulating the bioavailability of this and most other anticancer drugs."	( Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as vehicles for the delivery of the antitumor drug gemcitabine to tumor cells. Physicochemical in vitro evaluation. Carazo, A; Delgado, AV; Gómez-Sotomayor, R; Munoz-Gamez, JA; Rudzka, K; Ruiz-Extremera, A; Salmerón, J; Viota, JL, 2013)	0.61
" Here, we describe the characterization of GNE-900, an ATP-competitive, selective, and orally bioavailable ChK1 inhibitor."	( Combination drug scheduling defines a "window of opportunity" for chemopotentiation of gemcitabine by an orally bioavailable, selective ChK1 inhibitor, GNE-900. Blackwood, E; Cain, G; Choi, J; Epler, J; Evangelista, M; Flagella, M; Gazzard, L; Halladay, J; Jackson, PK; Jakubiak, D; Kowanetz, K; Malek, S; O'Brien, T; Ramiscal, J; Schmidt, S; Williams, K; Wong, K; Xiao, Y; Yee, S; Yen, I, 2013)	0.61
"As an initial step towards the clinical translation of these drugs for the treatment of HIV-1 infection, we synthesized decitabine and gemcitabine prodrugs in order to increase drug permeability, which has generally been shown to correlate with increased bioavailability in vivo."	( Characterization of permeability, stability and anti-HIV-1 activity of decitabine and gemcitabine divalerate prodrugs. Bonnac, L; Clouser, CL; Mansky, LM; Patterson, SE, 2014)	0.83
"The aim of study was to formulate PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) of Gemcitabine HCl for enhanced oral bioavailability via absorption through M cells of Peyer's patches."	( Enhanced bioavailability and intestinal uptake of Gemcitabine HCl loaded PLGA nanoparticles after oral delivery. Joshi, G; Kumar, A; Sawant, K, 2014)	0.9
" Here we present the genesis of this novel series and the identification of GNE-783, a potent, selective and orally bioavailable inhibitor of ChK1."	( Discovery of the 1,7-diazacarbazole class of inhibitors of checkpoint kinase 1. Appleton, B; Chapman, K; Chen, H; Clark, K; Drobnick, J; Gazzard, L; Goodacre, S; Halladay, J; Lyssikatos, J; Malek, S; Schmidt, S; Sideris, S; Wiesmann, C; Williams, K; Wu, P; Yen, I, 2014)	0.4
"AXL1717 is an orally bioavailable IGF-1R pathway modulator that has been shown to have anti-tumoral effects."	( A phase I pilot study of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor pathway modulator AXL1717 in combination with gemcitabine HCl and carboplatin in previously untreated, locally advanced, or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Bergqvist, M; Bergström, S; Brandén, E; Ekman, S; Harmenberg, J; Holgersson, G; Jerling, M; Klockare, M; Koyi, H; Larsson, O; Lundström, KL; Ringbom, M, 2015)	0.63
" However, effective delivery of drugs in combination at the tumor site is marred by low bioavailability and systemic toxicity of individual drugs."	( Synergistic activity of combination therapy with PEGylated pemetrexed and gemcitabine for an effective cancer treatment. Sahoo, SK; Vandana, M, 2015)	0.65
" Mouse oral bioavailability was complete (100%) with extensive tumor exposure."	( The clinical development candidate CCT245737 is an orally active CHK1 inhibitor with preclinical activity in RAS mutant NSCLC and Eµ-MYC driven B-cell lymphoma. Aherne, GW; Box, G; Boxall, KJ; Collins, I; De Haven Brandon, AK; Eccles, SA; Eve, PD; Garrett, MD; Hayes, A; Henley, AT; Hunter, JE; Lainchbury, M; Matthews, TP; McHardy, T; Osborne, J; Perkins, ND; Raynaud, FI; Reader, JC; Swales, K; Tall, M; Valenti, MR; Walton, MI, 2016)	0.43
" AXP107-11 has improved physiochemical properties and oral bioavailability compared to the natural form of genistein, and it is possible that combining AXP107-11 with chemotherapy may increase the effect and reduce chemoresistance."	( A phase I dose escalation trial of AXP107-11, a novel multi-component crystalline form of genistein, in combination with gemcitabine in chemotherapy-naive patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. Berkenstam, A; Frödin, JE; Karimi, M; Kartalis, N; Löhr, JM; Omazic, B; Verbeke, CS, )	0.34
" 3,5-bis(2-fluorobenzylidene)-4-piperidone (EF24), a novel synthetic curcumin analog, has shown promising in vitro therapeutic efficacy in various human cancer cells, but insufficient water solubility and systemic bioavailability limit its clinical application."	( A liposomal formulation of the synthetic curcumin analog EF24 (Lipo-EF24) inhibits pancreatic cancer progression: towards future combination therapies. Bendas, G; Bisht, S; Brossart, P; Feldmann, G; Holdenrieder, S; Nolting, J; Rupp, A; Schlesinger, M; Schubert, R; Wenzel, J, 2016)	0.43
" The pharmacokinetic study revealed a high bioavailability of arctigenin and rapid conjugation of the drug with glucuronic acid."	( Phase I trial of GBS-01 for advanced pancreatic cancer refractory to gemcitabine. Esumi, H; Fujioka, R; Hasegawa, H; Hashimoto, Y; Ikeda, M; Kishino, S; Mitsunaga, S; Miyoshi, C; Mochizuki, N; Nomura, S; Ohno, I; Sato, A; Takahashi, H; Takahashi, R; Toyosaki, K; Tsuchihara, K; Yomoda, S, 2016)	0.67
" UA-medoxomil (NX-201), one of our UA prodrugs, showed an improved bioavailability about 200times better than UA in rodent model."	( Discovery of ursolic acid prodrug (NX-201): Pharmacokinetics and in vivo antitumor effects in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer. Chun, KH; Kim, J; Kim, Y; Lim, JW; Yoon, Y, 2016)	0.43
" Because of the high OCTN2 affinity, the hexane diacid-linked prodrug demonstrated significantly improved stability (3-fold), cellular permeability (15-fold), and oral bioavailability (5-fold), while causing no toxicity as compared to gemcitabine."	( Combination of l-Carnitine with Lipophilic Linkage-Donating Gemcitabine Derivatives as Intestinal Novel Organic Cation Transporter 2-Targeting Oral Prodrugs. Chen, H; Ding, D; Dong, J; He, Z; Kou, L; Liu, X; Luo, C; Sun, J; Sun, M; Wang, G; Wang, J; Yi, X; Zhang, D; Zhao, D, 2017)	0.88
" IVC bypasses bioavailability barriers of oral ingestion, provides pharmacological concentrations in tissues, and exhibits selective cytotoxic effects in cancer cells through peroxide formation."	( High Dose Parenteral Ascorbate Inhibited Pancreatic Cancer Growth and Metastasis: Mechanisms and a Phase I/IIa study. Chen, P; Chen, Q; Dong, R; Drisko, JA; Fan, F; Godwin, AK; Levine, M; Pessetto, Z; Polireddy, K; Reed, G; Violet, PC; Williamson, S; Yu, J, 2017)	0.46
" Furthermore, this nanoparticle can efficiently target pancreatic cancer in vivo, resulting in the enhanced bioavailability and efficacy of Gem."	( A Nanoparticle Carrier for Co-Delivery of Gemcitabine and Small Interfering RNA in Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. Chen, S; Chen, Y; Huang, K; Li, J; Li, Y; Lian, G; Yang, K; Zeng, L, 2016)	0.7
" However, the full potential of this drug has not been realised, in part due to low oral bioavailability and frequent dosing requirements."	( N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles and CSKSSDYQC peptide: N-trimethyl chitosan conjugates enhance the oral bioavailability of gemcitabine to treat breast cancer. Chen, G; Huang, Y; Lu, W; Svirskis, D; Wen, J; Ying, M, 2018)	0.69
"To improve bioavailability and provide resistance to deamination, an array of gemcitabine (dFdC) prodrugs carrying the acyl modifications has been successful in the optimization of pharmacokinetic properties of dFdC, but the reports about 4-N-carbobenzoxy-dFdC (Cbz-dFdC), a dFdC prodrug bearing alkyloxycarbonyl modification, are relatively rare."	( Simultaneous determination of gemcitabine prodrug, gemcitabine and its major metabolite 2', 2'-difluorodeoxyuridine in rat plasma by UFLC-MS/MS. Aa, L; Fei, F; Hao, K; Jiang, W; Liu, J; Lu, L; Pei, X; Peng, Y; Sun, Y; Wang, G; Wang, J; Zhen, L, 2018)	1
" Finally, the carbonate linkage bond-bearing group, especially the one with a linker lacking a disulfide bond, stood out with remarkably increased bioavailability (21-fold greater than GEM) and efficient tumor free-GEM accumulation (8-fold of GEM), which consequently contributed to excellent in vivo antitumor efficacy."	( Striking a Balance between Carbonate/Carbamate Linkage Bond- and Reduction-Sensitive Disulfide Bond-Bearing Linker for Tailored Controlled Release: In Situ Covalent-Albumin-Binding Gemcitabine Prodrugs Promote Bioavailability and Tumor Accumulation. Ding, H; He, Z; Kan, Q; Kou, L; Li, D; Li, Z; Luo, C; Na, K; Sun, J; Wang, K; Wang, M; Zhang, H; Zhao, D; Zhong, L, 2018)	0.67
" Because of its tumor selective activation, novel mechanism of action, excellent oral bioavailability and candidate biomarkers for patient selection, RX-3117 has the potential to replace gemcitabine in the treatment of a spectrum of cancer types."	( RX-3117 (fluorocyclopentenyl cytosine): a novel specific antimetabolite for selective cancer treatment. Balboni, B; Benaim, E; El Hassouni, B; Giovannetti, E; Heaton, C; Honeywell, RJ; Kim, DJ; Lee, YB; Peters, GJ; Peterson, C; Poore, J; Sarkisjan, D, 2019)	0.7
"Gemcitabine is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug that is administered via intravenous infusion due to a low oral bioavailability of only 10%."	( Mechanisms of gemcitabine oral absorption as determined by in situ intestinal perfusions in mice. Hu, Y; Smith, DE; Thompson, BR, 2019)	2.32
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
" The oral bioavailability of Gemcitabine (Gem) is low mainly due to its poor intestinal permeability and rapid metabolism."	( A facile di-acid mono-amidation strategy to prepare cyclization-activating mono-carboxylate transporter 1-targeting gemcitabine prodrugs for enhanced oral delivery. Chen, H; He, Z; Jian, W; Liu, X; Sun, J; Sun, M; Sun, Y; Wang, G; Wang, Y, 2020)	1.06
"Formulated forms of cancer therapeutics enhance the efficacy of treatment by more precise targeting, increased bioavailability of drugs, and an aptitude of some delivery systems to overcome multiple drug resistance of tumors."	( Biodegradable Polymeric Multilayer Capsules for Therapy of Lung Cancer. Abakumova, TO; Antipina, MN; Brichkina, AI; Brzozowska, AM; Gorin, DA; Kakran, M; Ketkar, A; Lau, HH; Loh, HM; Novoselova, MV; Trushina, DB; Zatsepin, TS, 2020)	0.56
"Improving the bioavailability and tumor-targeting ability of a prodrug, as well as monitoring its active ingredient release in vivo, is still a challenge in cancer diagnosis and therapy."	( Nanomized tumor-microenvironment-active NIR fluorescent prodrug for ensuring synchronous occurrences of drug release and fluorescence tracing. Cao, J; Guo, Z; Li, Q; Wang, Q; Zhang, J; Zhu, S; Zhu, WH, 2019)	0.51
"Gemcitabine (Gem) is a key drug for pancreatic cancer, yet limited by high systemic toxicity, low bioavailability and poor pharmacokinetic profiles."	( Biomimetic Gemcitabine-Lipid Prodrug Nanoparticles for Pancreatic Cancer. Bean, PA; Bulanadi, JC; de Campo, L; Gong, X; Julovi, SM; Moghaddam, MJ; Smith, RC; Xue, A, 2020)	2.39
" These studies revealed that V-Gem undergoes rapid systemic elimination (half-life < 1 min) and has a low oral bioavailability (<1%)."	( Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine and its amino acid ester prodrug following intravenous and oral administrations in mice. Shi, J; Smith, DE; Thompson, BR; Zhu, HJ, 2020)	0.88
" Pancreatic cancer is relatively insensitive to chemotherapy due to multiple factors, including reduced bioavailability of drugs to tumor cells."	( A MET Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate Overcomes Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer. Betancourt, O; Cazes, A; Esparza, E; Gymnopoulos, M; Jaquish, D; Lowy, AM; Mose, ES; Tiriac, H; Wascher, AA; Wong, E, 2021)	0.87
" In this study, TMC was used as a mucoadhesive adjuvant to enhance the oral bioavailability and hence antitumour effects of gemcitabine formulated into nanocomplexes composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) conjugated with d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS)."	( N-trimethyl chitosan coated nano-complexes enhance the oral bioavailability and chemotherapeutic effects of gemcitabine. Chen, G; Li, H; Liu, M; Lu, W; Svirskis, D; Wen, J; Ying, M, 2021)	1.04
"Drug-polymer conjugates that can self-assemble into nanoparticles are promising drug delivery systems that improve the drug bioavailability and allow their controlled release."	( Supramolecular Organization of Polymer Prodrug Nanoparticles Revealed by Coarse-Grained Simulations. Gao, P; Ha-Duong, T; Nicolas, J, 2021)	0.62
" In vivopharmacokinetic study showed superior bioavailability and in vivo therapeutic efficacy investigation exhibited strongest anticancer activity of glycan and EGFR targeted NPs (GMC-CSN-SA-Cxmab-NPs)."	( Dual targeting pH responsive chitosan nanoparticles for enhanced active cellular internalization of gemcitabine in non-small cell lung cancer. Chawla, R; Kumar, A; Kumar, K; Mishra, M; Rawat, SG, 2023)	1.13

Dosage Studied

The gemcitabine (GEM)-carboplatin (CBDCA) combination is widely used for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has some efficacy in elderly patients. A high incidence of thrombocytopenia is observed.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Although 2008/C13 cells were slightly cross-resistant to 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, the drug displayed a steep dose-response (colony growth inhibition) effect toward these cells."	( Deoxycytidine protects normal bone marrow progenitors against Ara-C and gemcitabine cytotoxicity without compromising their activity against cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells. Bhalla, K; Bullock, G; Holladay, C; Ibrado, AM; Jasiok, M; Lutzky, J; Singh, S, 1992)	0.52
"7 and the mean dosage delivered was 725 mg/m2 per injection."	( Advanced breast cancer: a phase II trial with gemcitabine. Beykirch, M; Carmichael, J; Harris, AL; Kerr, H; Phillip, P; Possinger, K; Walling, J, 1995)	0.55
" In rat, excretion of radioactivity in the urine 24 h after daily dosing was nearly constant, but excretion of radioactivity in the faeces slightly increased with increasing number of doses."	( Disposition of gemcitabine in rat and dog after single and multiple dosings. Esumi, Y; Kawai, M; Mitsugi, K; Seki, H; Takao, A, 1994)	0.64
" Further evaluation, including the use of more intense dosing and/or combination therapy, is warranted."	( Phase II trial of gemcitabine (2,2'-difluorodeoxycytidine) in patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Brown, TD; Casper, ES; Flombaum, CD; Green, MR; Heelan, RT; Kelsen, DP; Tarassoff, PG; Trochanowski, B, 1994)	0.62
" Twenty percent dosage escalation was permitted after course no."	( Single-agent activity of weekly gemcitabine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase II study. Anderson, H; Bach, F; Hansen, HH; Lund, B; Thatcher, N; Walling, J, 1994)	0.57
" Hematologic toxicity was not severe with this dosing schedule; however, two patients developed dyspnea with bronchospasm after repeated injections of drug."	( Gemcitabine in advanced renal cell carcinoma. A phase II study of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Eisenhauer, EA; Mertens, WC; Moore, M; Muldal, A; Stewart, D; Venner, P; Wong, D, 1993)	1.73
"5 and the mean dosage received was 890 mg m2 per injection."	( Phase II study of gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Blatter, J; Carmichael, J; Fink, U; Harris, AL; Russell, RC; Spiessi, G; Spittle, MF, 1996)	0.63
" In one study 50 patients were treated with gemcitabine and cisplatin given weekly x 3 every 4 weeks, cisplatin at a dosage of 25-30 mg/m2 and gemcitabine at doses escalating from 1000 mg/m2 in steps of 250 mg/m2 per cycle, 38 of 50 patients have been evaluated to date, with an overall response rate of 31."	( Gemcitabine in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Burkes, RL; Shepherd, FA, 1995)	2
" LY188011 was administered weekly for 3 consecutive weeks starting with an initial dose of 60 mg/m2 (1n) and then increasing the dosage to 1,000 mg/m2 (16."	( [LY188011 phase I study. Research Group of Gemcitabine (LY188011)]. Fukuoka, M; Furue, H; Furuse, K; Majima, H; Morimoto, K; Nakamura, T; Nakao, I; Niitani, H; Ohta, K; Shimoyama, T; Taguchi, T; Tsukagoshi, S; Wakui, A, 1996)	0.56
" Dose-response data suggest that a dose of 1000 mg/m2 or more is required for optimal therapeutic effect."	( Phase II trials of single-agent activity of gemcitabine in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: an overview. Shepherd, FA, 1995)	0.55
" Carboplatin dosing was escalated and determined using the Calvert formula, and three patients were treated at the initial predicted dose of area under the curve (AUC) 4 mg/mL/min."	( A phase I study of gemcitabine and carboplatin in non-small cell lung cancer. Allerheiligen, S; Carmichael, J; Walling, J, 1996)	0.62
" Gemcitabine was well tolerated thus, although gemcitabine at the dosage and schedule chosen had only small activity, the observed toxicity may permit further dose escalation or a more frequent administration of the drug."	( Experimental and clinical efficacy of 2', 2'-difluorodeoxycytidine (gemcitabine) against renal cell carcinoma. Blatter, J; De Mulder, PH; Jakse, G; Osieka, R; Rohde, D; Weissbach, L, )	1.28
"This regimen of gemcitabine and cisplatin was effective, with high response and survival rates and few dosage modifications during its administration."	( Weekly gemcitabine with monthly cisplatin: effective chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Abratt, RP; Bezwoda, WR; Goedhals, L; Hacking, DJ, 1997)	1.1
"The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage and administration of gemcitabine are reviewed."	( Gemcitabine: a cytidine analogue active against solid tumors. Hui, YF; Reitz, J, 1997)	1.95
" Combination effects were analyzed by means of a three-dimensional model, which directly elucidates the shape of the dose-response surface over the entire clinical dose range, identifies regions of statistically significant synergy and antagonism, and quantifies these effects."	( In vitro interaction between gemcitabine and other anticancer drugs using a novel three-dimensional model. Kanzawa, F; Saijo, N, 1997)	0.59
" Modifications of dosing schedules and the use of premedication regimens have resulted in better efficacy and more manageable side effects with such combinations."	( Overview of current and future chemotherapeutic agents in non-small cell lung cancer. Natale, RB, 1997)	0.3
" Preclinical studies suggest that the efficacy of gemcitabine is more schedule than dose related, and it is concluded that this is not the most appropriate dosing schedule for gemcitabine."	( Phase I study of gemcitabine using a once every 2 weeks schedule. Clavel, MD; Guastalla, JP; Hatty, SR; McDaniels, C; Seitz, DE; Tanis, B; Vermorken, JB, 1997)	0.89
" Five phase II studies have been performed using different scheduling and dosage regimens."	( Combination studies with gemcitabine in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Steward, WP, 1998)	0.6
" The median dosage of gemcitabine per scheduled infusion was statistically higher with the day 15 cisplatin regimens (combined) compared with any of the other regimens treating at 1,000 mg/m2 (P < ."	( Combined cisplatin and gemcitabine for non-small cell lung cancer: influence of scheduling on toxicity and drug delivery. Abratt, RP; Crinò, L; Green, MR; Nguyen, B; Peters, GJ; Sandler, A; Shepherd, FA; Steward, WP, 1998)	0.93
" Comparison with standard 30-minute bolus dosing will be evaluated in subsequent randomized phase II trials."	( Clinical results of a pharmacodynamically-based strategy for higher dosing of gemcitabine in patients with solid tumors. Abbruzzese, JL; Gravel, D; Plunkett, W; Raber, MN; Touroutoglou, N, 1998)	0.53
" Gemcitabine was administered at a dosage of 1200 mg/m2 as a 30-min intravenous infusion on days 1, 8 and 15, repeated every 28 days."	( A phase II study of gemcitabine in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract previously treated with platinum. Italian Co-operative Group on Bladder Cancer. Antimi, M; De Lena, M; Frassineti, GL; Gridelli, C; Lorusso, V; Luporini, G; Oliva, C; Pacini, M; Pollera, CF, 1998)	1.53
" Patients were treated on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day schedule at the dosage of 1200 mg/m2 for a total of three courses."	( Therapy with gemcitabine in pretreated peripheral T-cell lymphoma patients. Albertini, P; Bendandi, M; Gherlinzoni, F; Magagnoli, M; Orcioni, GF; Pileri, SA; Tura, S; Zinzani, PL, 1998)	0.67
" 5-FU was given via protracted venous infusion (PVI) at a fixed dosage of 200 mg/m2/d, and gemcitabine was administered weekly for 3 consecutive weeks every 4 weeks."	( Phase I-II study of gemcitabine and fluorouracil as a continuous infusion in patients with pancreatic cancer. Alonso, S; Castellano, D; Cortes-Funes, H; Diaz-Puente, M; Gravalos, C; Hidalgo, M; Hitt, R; Paz-Ares, L, 1999)	0.85
" Day-15 gemcitabine dosing is problematic and may contribute to excessive thrombocytopenia when gemcitabine is combined with carboplatin."	( Gemcitabine and carboplatin in combination: an update of phase I and phase II studies in non-small cell lung cancer. Calvert, P; Edelman, MJ; Gandara, DR; Langer, CJ; Ozols, RF, 1999)	2.18
" Dose-response relationships for the cytotoxic effects of gemcitabine were determined using methylthiotetrazole assays, and induction of apoptosis was confirmed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis."	( Gemcitabine-induced programmed cell death (apoptosis) of human pancreatic carcinoma is determined by Bcl-2 content. Bold, RJ; Chandra, J; McConkey, DJ, )	1.82
"At the prescribed dosage and schedule, single agent gemcitabine appears to have limited activity in chemotherapy-naive patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma."	( A Phase II study of gemcitabine in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lung Cancer Cooperative Group. Ardizzoni, A; Baas, P; Debruyne, C; Giaccone, G; Gridelli, C; Groen, HJ; Lentz, M; Manegold, C; van Marck, EA; van Meerbeeck, JP, 1999)	0.88
" The dosage of cisplatin was fixed to 80 mg/m2 and the dosage of Gemcitabine was gradually escalated in 3 dosing level from 600, 800 to 1,000 mg/m2."	( [Phase I study of gemcitabine hydrochloride (LY 188011) combination therapy with cisplatin in the patients with non-small cell lung cancer]. Hara, N; Kurita, Y; Matsui, K; Nakai, Y; Niitani, H; Ohhashi, Y; Yokoyama, A, 1999)	0.88
" Although the efficacy of this drug was confirmed in terms of the combination therapy from the results, the optimal dosage schedule of this drug was not established because each study showed a different result in terms of the dosage as well as the dosage interval, thus, it is necessary to discuss and establish the optimal dosage schedule."	( [Gemcitabine hydrochloride is a new anti-cancer agent which will be available in the patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Japan]. Yokoyama, A, 1999)	1.21
" To decrease toxicity, the dosage of dFdC was lowered to 50 mg/kg and combined with the total dose of CDDP on day 0, which caused a better antitumour effect than the combination of 60 mg/kg dFdC and 3 mg/kg CDDP (q6dx2) with acceptable toxicity."	( Scheduling of gemcitabine and cisplatin in Lewis lung tumour bearing mice. Peters, GJ; Pinedo, HM; Postmus, PE; van Moorsel, CJ; Veerman, G; Vermorken, JB, 1999)	0.66
"5 mg/week; however, the warfarin dosage had to be reduced to 48."	( Identification of a gemcitabine-warfarin interaction. Kinikar, SA; Kolesar, JM, 1999)	0.63
"The dosage and scheduling of VNR and GEM in the pilot study resulted in neutropenia necessitating reductions or delays in treatment, and consequently low dose intensity."	( Phase II study of vinorelbine and gemcitabine for inoperable stage IIIB-IV non-small-cell lung cancer. Halme, M; Isokangas, OP; Joensuu, H; Knuuttila, A; Lindström, I; Mäntylä, M; Mattson, K; Nikkanen, V; Viren, M, 1999)	0.58
"In phase I, dose-limiting toxicity occurred at the dosage of 1,500 mg/m(2) gemcitabine, with three of five patients developing grade 4 thrombocytopenia."	( Phase I/II study of gemcitabine plus vinorelbine as first-line chemotherapy of non-small-cell lung cancer. Brunetti, C; Carpagnano, F; Cinieri, S; Cisternino, ML; De Lena, M; Di Rienzo, G; Frasci, G; Lorusso, V; Napoli, G; Orlando, S; Palazzo, S; Panza, N, 2000)	0.86
" There are several strategies for increasing dose intensity, one being a protracted daily dosing strategy without major dose reduction for toxicity."	( Cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens that increase dose per cycle (dose intensity) by extending daily dosing from 5 consecutive days to 28 consecutive days and beyond. Albella, B; Bueren, JA; Keyes, KA; LoRusso, PM; Parchment, RE, 2000)	0.31
" The dosing schedule remained fixed, and any dose of gemcitabine that could not be given on time was omitted."	( Gemcitabine in the treatment of refractory Hodgkin's disease: results of a multicenter phase II study. Benoehr, C; Bonadonna, G; Bonfante, V; Bredenfeld, H; Devizzi, L; Diehl, V; Fiedler, F; Pacini, M; Parra, HS; Santoro, A; Tesch, H; Viviani, S, 2000)	2
" Patients with elevated creatinine levels seem to have increased sensitivity to gemcitabine, but the data are not adequate to support a specific dosing recommendation."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic trial of gemcitabine in patients with hepatic or renal dysfunction: Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9565. Budman, D; Byrd, J; Egorin, MJ; Hawkins, M; Hohl, R; Hollis, D; Mani, S; Meropol, NJ; Ratain, MJ; Rosner, GL; Venook, AP, 2000)	0.81
" Several trials evaluating different dosing regimens of gemcitabine plus paclitaxel or docetaxel are ongoing or planned."	( Gemcitabine and paclitaxel combination therapy in transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium. Burris, HS; Greco, FA; Hainsworth, JD; Meluch, AA, 2000)	2
" This article describes recent clinical trials evaluating gemcitabine plus carboplatin, and the impact of the dosing schedule on the feasibility and tolerability of this combination."	( Gemcitabine/carboplatin combination regimens: importance of dose schedule. Edelman, MJ; Gandara, DR; Lara, PN; Lau, DH, 2000)	1.99
" We conclude that the administered dosage and schedule of gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with locally advanced or metastatic cancer of the pancreas constitutes an active cytotoxic regimen associated with moderate toxicity."	( Phase II study of gemcitabine in combination with cisplatin in patients with locally advanced and/or metastatic pancreatic cancer. Brodowicz, T; Függer, R; Jakesz, R; Köstler, WJ; Steger, GG; Teleky, B; Tomek, S; Vaclavik, I; Wolfram, RM; Zielinski, CC, 2000)	0.88
"In a multicenter phase II Italian trial that used a 28-day dosing schedule of gemcitabine on days 1, 8, and 15 and cisplatin on day 2, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia were the main dose-limiting toxicities observed."	( Decreased myelotoxicity of gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with cisplatin infusion on day 15. Corona, M; Cortesi, E; Gasperoni, S; Grifalchi, F; Lembo, A; Moscetti, L; Oliva, A; Padovani, A; Ramponi, S, )	0.66
" Combined dosing of NDP with GEM resulted in synergistically enhanced inhibition of tumor growth in the Ma44 tumor model."	( Preclinical in vivo antitumor efficacy of nedaplatin with gemcitabine against human lung cancer. Hojo, K; Maekawa, R; Maki, H; Matsumoto, M; Nishitani, Y; Takeda, Y; Wada, T; Yoshioka, T, 2001)	0.55
" Initial trials combining gemcitabine and carboplatin using standard days 1, 8, and 15 dosing of gemcitabine suggested that thrombocytopenia was problematic."	( Gemcitabine in combination with new platinum compounds: an update. Edelman, MJ; Gandara, DR; Lara, PN; Lau, DH, 2001)	2.05
" Further study of this regimen should concentrate on the dosage and the sequence of administration."	( Phase II study of concurrent gemcitabine and radiotherapy in locally advanced stage IIIB cervical carcinoma. Chansilpa, Y; Ieumwananontachai, N; Pattaranutaporn, P; Thephamongkhol, K; Therasakvichya, S; Thirapakawong, C, 2001)	0.6
" The dosage of gemcitabine was 1 g/m2 weekly on day 1, 8 and 15."	( Combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Chewaskulyong, B; Pothirat, C; Thongprasert, S, 2001)	1.02
"5 and 15 days in the HS746T xenograft and between 5 and 25 days in the Hep3B xenograft over the dosage range (3 to 30 mg/kg)."	( Antiangiogenic and antitumor effects of a protein kinase C beta inhibitor in human hepatocellular and gastric cancer xenografts. Alvarez, E; Faul, MM; Liu, P; Menon, K; Shih, C; Teicher, BA, )	0.13
"This Phase II study evaluated a flexible 3- or 4-week dosing schedule of gemcitabine and vinorelbine to determine its effect on response rate and survival of patients with metastatic nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)."	( Flexible chemotherapy regimen with gemcitabine and vinorelbine for metastatic nonsmall cell lung carcinoma: a phase II multicenter trial. Ayoub, J; Cormier, Y; Hirsh, V; Iglésias, JL; Langleben, A; Pintos, J, 2001)	0.82
" Cumulative dose-response plots of primary breast cancer tumor cells responding in vitro with > or = 90% growth inhibition showed a strong dose dependence for both EPI/PTX and CBDCA/PTX."	( Drug interactions and cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin, epirubicin, gemcitabine or vinorelbine in breast cancer cell lines and tumor samples. Beryt, M; Felber, M; Hepp, H; Kahlert, S; Konecny, G; Langer, E; Lude, S; Pegram, M; Slamon, D; Untch, M, 2001)	0.53
"We conclude that this drug combination and dosage are feasible and have potential as either a front- or second-line chemotherapeutic regimen for advanced lung cancer, and phase II/III trials should be performed."	( Gemcitabine and vinorelbine in patients with advanced lung cancer: preclinical studies and report of a phase I trial. Anderson, I; Dang, NH; Elias, A; Herbst, RS; Leong, T; Lynch, C; Salgia, R; Skarin, AT; Strauss, G; Teicher, BA; Vasconcelles, M; Zacarola, P, 2001)	1.75
" These studies consisted of single-dose and steady-state dosing regimen studies, the latter to assess drug distribution in normal brain and brain tumors."	( Targeted delivery of a peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligand-gemcitabine conjugate to brain tumors in a xenograft model. Adams, AL; Gallo, JM; Guo, P; Guo, Z; Li, S; Ma, J, 2001)	0.55
" Tumor response was determined in animals receiving a similar dosing schedule of dFdCyd."	( Tumor uptake and elimination of 2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine (gemcitabine) after deoxycytidine kinase gene transfer: correlation with in vivo tumor response. Blackstock, AW; Case, LD; Hess, SM; Lightfoot, H; Mitchell, BS; Mukherji, SK; Swarts, SG; Tepper, JE, 2001)	0.55
" The schedule 2 maximum tolerated dose of gemcitabine was 2200 mg/m(2)/week when combined with 5-FU dosed at 200 mg/m(2)/day (Days 1-14) repeated every 3 weeks."	( Phase I study to evaluate multiple regimens of intravenous 5-fluorouracil administered in combination with weekly gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors: a potential broadly active regimen for advanced solid tumor malignancies. Bertucci, D; Mani, S; Ratain, MJ; Schilsky, RL; Stadler, WM; Vogelzang, NJ, 2001)	0.79
" Despite prompt initiation of antimycotic therapy the outcome was fatal; dosage of conventional and liposomal amphotericin B was limited due to treatment-related toxicities."	( A novel type of metastatically spreading subcutaneous aspergillosis without epidermal lesions following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Bethe, U; Cornely, OA; Pels, H; Ritzkowsky, A; Seibold, M; Soehngen, D; Toepelt, K, 2001)	0.31
"Paclitaxel pharmacokinetics did not change as a result of dosage escalation of gemcitabine from 1,500 to 2,000 mg/m2."	( Drug distribution and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Curigliano, G; Danesi, R; De Braud, F; De Pas, T; Del Tacca, M; Fogli, S; Giovannetti, G, 2001)	0.76
" In addition, gemcitabine 1,500 mg/m2 is the recommended dosage in combination with paclitaxel 100 mg/m2 for future phase II studies, due to its predictable kinetic behaviour and less severe thrombocytopenia than expected."	( Drug distribution and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Curigliano, G; Danesi, R; De Braud, F; De Pas, T; Del Tacca, M; Fogli, S; Giovannetti, G, 2001)	0.9
" Current research in pancreatic cancer involves newer dosing schedules of gemcitabine, and combinations of gemcitabine with novel agents."	( Pancreatic cancer: the evolving role of systemic therapy. Adsay, NV; El-Rayes, BF; Philip, PA, 2001)	0.54
" Prediction of the drug sensitivity of each patient and cell kill kinetics of the drug may improve the outcome of treatment and avoid unnecessary dosing of the drug."	( Prediction of cell kill kinetics of anticancer agents using the collagen gel droplet embedded-culture drug sensitivity test. Komiyama, M; Mori, T; Ohnishi, M; Okada, H; Tsutsui, A; Yabushita, H, )	0.13
" To our knowledge, this is one of the few cases of ROC in which partial remissions using conventionally dosed chemotherapy were achieved repeatedly despite a unfavorable relapse-free interval after high-dose chemotherapy for primary disease."	( Individualized long-term chemotherapy for recurrent ovarian cancer after failing high-dose treatment. Breidenbach, M; Kurbacher, CM; Mallmann, P; Rein, DT, 2002)	0.31
"The antitumor activity of gemcitabine is not dose-response related but schedule-dependent."	( Toxicity of a 24-hour infusion of gemcitabine in biliary tract and pancreatic cancer: a pilot study. Assmann, G; Eckel, F; Lersch, C; Schulte-Frohlinde, E, 2002)	0.89
" In the control group, chemotherapy was performed via peripheral veins with the same dosage as the experimental group."	( [Regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer: an experimental study]. Fu, D; Hua, Y; Ni, Q; Wang, L; Yu, X; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Y, 2002)	0.31
" With a fixed interval between chemotherapy and XRT taken from these studies, the dose-response relationship was examined for XRT in the range of 20-65 Gy."	( Effect of gemcitabine on acute and late radiation toxicity of skin and underlying soft tissues to single-dose irradiation in a nude mice model. Bamberg, M; Budach, W; Classen, J; Hehr, T; Paulsen, F, 2002)	0.72
" Onset, duration, and extent of acute skin toxicity, as well as skin and leg contracture, were not significantly modulated by GEM in the dose-response experiments with GEM applied 2 h before XRT."	( Effect of gemcitabine on acute and late radiation toxicity of skin and underlying soft tissues to single-dose irradiation in a nude mice model. Bamberg, M; Budach, W; Classen, J; Hehr, T; Paulsen, F, 2002)	0.72
" The usual dosage of gemcitabine in these cases was 1000 mg/m(2) given on a weekly basis."	( Gemcitabine-induced radiation recall. Brooks, S; Burstein, HJ; Devlin, PM; Fuchs, CS; Jänne, PA; Jeter, MD; Loeffler, JS; Salgia, R; Wen, P, 2002)	2.08
" The most appropriate dosing option appeared to be 400 mg x m(-2) per day of oral UFT for 14 consecutive days with 900 mg x m(-2) gemcitabine on days 8 and 15."	( A phase I study of combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine and oral UFT for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Asoh, H; Ichinose, Y; Semba, H; Seto, T; Yamamoto, H; Yoh, K, 2002)	0.77
"Our results demonstrate a large pharmacokinetic advantage of intrathecal gemcitabine and support a planned Phase I clinical trial of this dosing strategy."	( Pharmacokinetics of intrathecal gemcitabine in nonhuman primates. Balis, FM; Berg, SL; Blaney, SM; Egorin, MJ; Kerr, JZ; McCully, CM; Zuhowski, EG, 2002)	0.83
" The combined dosing of NDP with GEM resulted in synergistically enhanced inhibition of tumor growth against Ma44/GEM."	( Preclinical combination chemotherapy of nedaplatin with gemcitabine against gemcitabine-refractory human lung cancer. Hojo, K; Maekawa, R; Matsumoto, M; Nishitani, Y; Takeda, Y; Wada, T; Yoshioka, T, 2002)	0.56
"The maximum tolerated dosage of gemcitabine is 75 mg/m(2)/week with paclitaxel 40 mg/m(2)/week and conventional 50."	( Gemcitabine, paclitaxel, and radiation for locally advanced pancreatic cancer: a Phase I trial. Akerman, P; Cioffi, W; Cruff, D; Dipetrillo, T; Iannitti, D; Quirk, D; Ramdin, N; Rich, T; Safran, H; Shah, S, 2002)	2.04
" Treatment schedule consisted of DCT at the dosage of 50 mg/m(2) with conventional steroid premedication and GEM at the dosage of 2,000 mg/m(2)."	( Gemcitabine and docetaxel every 2 weeks in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a phase II study of the Gruppo Oncologico Italia Meridionale. Borsellino, N; Cazzato, C; Colucci, G; Durini, E; Galetta, D; Gebbia, V; Giotta, F; Pezzella, G; Romito, S, 2002)	1.76
" The treatment plan consisted of weekly gemcitabine for three weeks with twice daily dosing of 5-FU and eniluracil for 21 days beginning on day one of gemcitabine."	( Phase I study of eniluracil, oral 5-fluororacil and gemcitabine in patients with advanced malignancy. Alberti, D; Arzoomanian, RZ; Bailey, H; Berlin, JD; Binger, K; Feierabend, C; Marrocha, R; Morgan-Meadows, S; Mulkerin, D; Thomas, JP; Volkman, J; Wilding, G, 2002)	0.83
"In a phase I trial, carried out on 21 patients, grade 4 neutropenia, as dose-limiting toxicity, occurred at the dosage level of paclitaxel 80 mg/m(2)."	( Phase I/II study of paclitaxel, gemcitabine and vinorelbine as first-line chemotherapy of non-small-cell lung cancer. Carpagnano, F; Crucitta, E; De Lena, M; Guida, M; Lorusso, V; Mancarella, S; Panza, N; Sambiasi, D; Silvestris, N, 2002)	0.6
" Dose-limiting thrombocytopenia at week 3 necessitated less frequent gemcitabine dosing (days 1 and 15 of each cycle)."	( A dose-escalation study of weekly topotecan, cisplatin, and gemcitabine front-line therapy in patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. Biggs, DD; Grubbs, SS; Guarino, MJ; Himelstein, AL; Hogaboom, K; Schneider, CJ; Tilak, S, 2002)	0.79
" DX-8951f was significantly effective in a dose-response manner on the BxPC-3 primary tumor."	( Efficacy of camptothecin analog DX-8951f (Exatecan Mesylate) on human pancreatic cancer in an orthotopic metastatic model. Bouvet, M; Hoffman, RM; Moossa, AR; Nassirpour, R; Sun, FX; Tohgo, A; Yagi, S, 2003)	0.32
" In phase I, on 23 patients entered on study, dose-limiting toxicity occurred at the dosage of 1200 mg m(-2) gemcitabine and 10 mg m(-2) mitoxantrone, with three out of five patients developing grade 4 neutropenia."	( Phase I/II study of gemcitabine plus mitoxantrone as salvage chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer. Calabrese, P; Caporusso, L; Catino, A; Crucitta, E; D'Amico, C; De Lena, M; Guida, M; Latorre, A; Lorusso, V; Mazzei, A; Sambiasi, D; Schittulli, F; Silvestris, N, 2003)	0.85
"The dose-response curves obtained with the SRB assay and the CA were very similar up to 6 Gy."	( Comparison of the sulforhodamine B assay and the clonogenic assay for in vitro chemoradiation studies. Baay, MF; de Pooter, CM; Korst, AE; Lambrechts, HA; Lardon, F; Pattyn, GG; Pauwels, B; Vermorken, JB, 2003)	0.32
" Dose-limiting toxicities were thrombocytopenia and liver failure, and with repeated dosing neutropenia was commonly observed."	( Phase I trial of fixed dose-rate gemcitabine in combination with carboplatin in chemonaive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a Cancer Therapeutics Research Group study. Goh, BC; Lee, HS; Lee, SC; Lehnert, M; Lim, HL; Millward, MJ; Soo, RA; Tok, LT; Wang, LZ, 2003)	0.6
" In subsequent cohorts, the weekly dosing frequency of gemcitabine was increased until weekly administration was reached."	( A Phase I study of gemcitabine with concurrent radiotherapy in stage III, locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Gregor, A; Groen, HJ; Little, FA; Price, A; van der Leest, AH; van Putten, JW, 2003)	0.89
" Among the newer agents available for the experimental treatment arms, three stood out-gemcitabine, polyethylene-glycol (PEG)-liposomal doxorubicin, and topotecan-based on evidence of their activity demonstrated in previous phase I and II trials and, with appropriate dosage modifications, manageable toxicity when used in combination with platinum."	( Clinical trials of newer regimens for treating ovarian cancer: the rationale for Gynecologic Oncology Group Protocol GOG 182-ICON5. Bookman, M; Copeland, LJ; Trimble, E, 2003)	0.54
" The exact dosing and different mechanism of action of gemcitabine make it attractive for these combinations."	( Gemcitabine combination chemotherapy of ovarian cancer. Mutch, DG, 2003)	2.01
" Clinical trials that include pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies may be the most efficient way to optimize the therapeutic efficacy of ifosfamide and define the dosing and scheduling."	( Antiblastic drug combinations with ifosfamide: an update. Badalamenti, G; Fulfaro, F; Gebbia, N; Russo, A; Valerio, MR, 2003)	0.32
"The antitumor effect of gemcitabine is not dose-response related but schedule dependent."	( Phase II trial of a 24-hour infusion of gemcitabine in previously untreated patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Eckel, F; Erdmann, J; Lersch, C; Mayr, M; Schmelz, R, 2003)	0.89
"The purpose was to determine the optimal multifractionated (MF) dosing schedule to permit the delivery of four active agents in nonsmall cell lung cancer simultaneously in alternating doublets (docetaxel-cisplatin alternating with gemcitabine-vinorelbine)."	( Alternating doublets: establishing the optimal multifractionated dosing schedule to administer docetaxel, cisplatin, gemcitabine, and vinorelbine in combination. Anderson, N; Coco, F; Lokich, J, 2003)	0.71
" Administration of more than 2 courses was attempted for each patient, with the same dosage levels at all 3 scheduled steps."	( [Phase I study of gemcitabine (GEM) and UFT combination chemotherapy for unresectable/recurrent pancreatic cancer]. Dono, K; Maruhashi, S; Miyamoto, A; Monden, M; Nagano, H; Nakamori, S; Sakon, M; Takahashi, Y; Tujie, M; Umeshita, K, 2004)	0.66
" This phase I trial aimed to determine the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), maximum tolerated dose [maximum tolerated dosage (MTD)], and recommended dose (RD) of a GIP combination in patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC."	( Phase I study with dose escalation of gemcitabine and cisplatin in combination with ifosfamide (GIP) in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Billiart, I; Bourgeois, H; Chabrun, V; Chieze, S; Daban, A; Ferrand, V; Germain, T; Lemerre, D; Meurice, JC; Tourani, JM, 2004)	0.59
"4%) of the 110 cycles following dosage reduction (P = ."	( Paclitaxel and gemcitabine as salvage treatment in metastatic breast cancer. Murad, AM, 2003)	0.67
"This study utilized MiaPaCa pancreatic xenografts to demonstrate irofulven antitumor activity using either a daily or intermittent dosing schedule."	( Activity of irofulven against human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo. MacDonald, JR; Roth, S; Van Laar, ES; Waters, SJ; Weitman, S, )	0.13
"Both dosing regimens of irofulven demonstrated curative activity against the MiaPaCa xenografts."	( Activity of irofulven against human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo. MacDonald, JR; Roth, S; Van Laar, ES; Waters, SJ; Weitman, S, )	0.13
"These results support further clinical characterization of intermittent irofulven dosing schedules and suggest that irofulven combined with gemcitabine may have activity in patients with pancreatic tumors."	( Activity of irofulven against human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo. MacDonald, JR; Roth, S; Van Laar, ES; Waters, SJ; Weitman, S, )	0.33
"We hypothesized that the shape of a dose-response curve would be determined by the major mechanisms of resistance of a cancer to the drug being studied."	( Phase II study of alternating chemotherapy regimens for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. MacLeod, P; Maziak, DE; Shamji, FM; Stewart, DJ; Tomiak, E, 2004)	0.32
" Animals were inspected daily for signs of toxicity and distress, body weight changes, and water and food consumption; electrocardiogram, blood pressure, and urinalysis were recorded before dosing and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment."	( Experimental study on the toxicity and the local and systemic tolerability of gemcitabine after topical treatment of the rabbit bladder. Clementi, G; Costantino, G; Lempereur, L; Matera, M; Vasquez, E; Vasta, D, 2004)	0.55
" Although there was a differential dose-response rate among dose levels, increasing the gemcitabine dose beyond 2200mg/m2 did not show increased clinical response."	( Phase I study of gemcitabine given weekly as a short infusion for non-small cell lung cancer: results and possible immune system-related mechanisms. Ferson, PF; Friberg, D; Gooding, WE; Kassem, B; Keenan, R; Landreneau, RJ; Levitt, ML; Lindberg, CA; Miketic, LM; Ponas, RS; Sabatine, JM; Tarasoff, P; Trenn, MR; Whiteside, TL; Yousem, SA, 2004)	0.89
" Additional phase II trials have focused on optimizing dosing and schedule schemas with the demonstration of impressive efficacy with acceptable toxicity with the biweekly administration."	( Gemcitabine and docetaxel in metastatic and neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer. Yardley, DA, 2004)	1.77
" Although the study exhibited a high response rate, the neuropathy encountered in the study, and the need to eliminate gemcitabine in 54% of the patients due to bone marrow suppression merits further investigation of the dosing schedule."	( Pilot study of outpatient paclitaxel, carboplatin and gemcitabine for advanced stage epithelial ovarian, peritoneal, and fallopian tube cancer. Birk, CL; Brown, JV; Goldstein, BH; Graham, C; Mattison, J; Micha, JP; Rettenmaier, MA, 2004)	0.78
"Treatment consisted of six courses of chemotherapy with gemcitabine at a dosage of 1,200 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, every 21 days."	( Single-agent gemcitabine in previously untreated elderly patients with advanced bladder carcinoma: response to treatment and correlation with the comprehensive geriatric assessment. Bertetto, O; Botta, M; Castagneto, B; Ferraris, V; Marenco, D; Mencoboni, M; Repetto, L; Scaltriti, L; Zai, S, 2004)	0.94
" The use of such combinations requires smart planning and choice of the drugs to be combined, their proper dosing as well as correct sequence and schedule of application."	( Targeting metastatic leiomyosarcoma by rapamycin plus gemcitabine: an intriguing clinical observation. Merimsky, O, 2004)	0.57
" The initial dosage of gemcitabine was 800 mg/m(2) weekly times three with 1 week off until progressive disease or adverse side effects prohibited further therapy."	( Evaluation of gemcitabine in previously treated patients with non-squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: a phase II study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group. Blessing, J; Cohn, DE; Schilder, RJ, 2005)	1
" The aim of this study was to determine the maximally tolerable dosage of gemcitabine and docetaxel using a weekly administration regimen."	( Phase I trial using weekly administration of gemcitabine and docetaxel in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma. Hribaschek, A; Lippert, H; Lueck, A; Meyer, F; Ridwelski, K, 2004)	0.81
"Thirty-two patients with metastatic NPC were treated with combination chemotherapy that included paclitaxel 70 mg/m(2) on Days 1 and 8, carboplatin dosed to area under curve of 5 on Day 1, and gemcitabine 1000 mg/m(2) on Days 1 and 8 every 21 days for a maximum of 8 cycles."	( Paclitaxel, carboplatin, and gemcitabine in metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a Phase II trial using a triplet combination. Foo, KF; Leong, SS; Lim, WT; Tan, EH; Tan, SB; Tan, T; Tay, MH; Thng, CH; Toh, CK; Wee, J, 2005)	0.81
"Antiangiogenic therapy shows significant anti-tumor and anti-metastatic effects, and is helpful to reduce the dosage of cytotoxic drugs and the side effects."	( Antiangiogenic therapy for human pancreatic carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. Huang, WG; Jia, L; Yuan, SZ; Zhang, MH, 2005)	0.33
" Eighty-five patients affected by advanced TCC and measurable disease were randomized to receive either paclitaxel at dosage of 70 mg/m2, gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 and cisplatin 35 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks (GCP) or gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 15 and cisplatin 70 mg/m2 on day 2 every 4 weeks (GC)."	( Randomised, open-label, phase II trial of paclitaxel, gemcitabine and cisplatin versus gemcitabine and cisplatin as first-line chemotherapy in advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium. Comella, P; Crucitta, E; De Lena, M; Gebbia, V; Lorusso, V; Mancarella, S; Mangiameli, A; Manzione, L; Muci, D; Palmeri, S; Pezzella, G; Rosati, G; Silvestris, N; Sobrero, A, 2005)	0.78
" Preclinical data have suggested a possible dose-response relationship of gemcitabine."	( Increased dose-intensity of gemcitabine in advanced non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): a multicenter phase II study in elderly patients from the "polmone toscano group" (POLTO). Bernardini, I; Chioni, A; Conte, PF; Fabbri, A; Falcone, A; Ferrari, K; Galli, L; Grosso, AM; Innocenti, F; Orlandini, C; Pegna, AL; Ricci, S; Russo, F; Tibaldi, C; Tognarini, L, 2005)	0.85
" Dose-response regression lines were used to compare the individual susceptibilities to gemcitabine with respect to the chromosome aberration and sister-chromatid exchange frequencies."	( In vitro genotoxic effects of the anticancer drug gemcitabine in human lymphocytes. Aydemir, N; Bilaloğlu, R; Celikler, S, 2005)	0.8
" Intraperitoneal GCB administration at similar dosage had no effect on lung metastases."	( Aerosol gemcitabine inhibits the growth of primary osteosarcoma and osteosarcoma lung metastases. Kleinerman, ES; Koshkina, NV, 2005)	0.76
"Gemcitabine as a single agent, in this dosage and schedule, has minimal clinical activity in relapsed or refractory low-grade lymphomas and was associated with considerable toxicity."	( A phase II study of gemcitabine in patients with relapsed or refractory low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Larson, BJ; Lynch, JW; Mendenhall, NP; Pusateri, A; Waples, JM, 2005)	2.09
" Gemcitabine dosing produced least body weight loss and least neutropenia after injection at 11 vs 23 HALO, whether the drug was given alone or with cisplatin (P=0."	( Preclinical relevance of dosing time for the therapeutic index of gemcitabine-cisplatin. Filipski, E; Focan, C; Kayitalire, L; Lévi, F; Li, XM; Sun, J; Tanaka, K, 2005)	1.48
" However the results of this study did not show expected treatment efficacy and we raise the idea of cisplatin dosage relevance in this combination."	( Gemcitabine plus cisplatine and paclitaxel (GCP) in second-line treatment of germ cell tumors (GCT): a phase II study. Hlavatá, Z; Koza, I; Mardiak, J; Mego, M; Obertová, J; Recková, M; Sálek, T; Sycová-Milá, Z, 2005)	1.77
" Untoward side-effects were moderate, reversible and, therefore, did not require dosage to be corrected or cut down."	( [Gemcitabine plus cisplatin therapy in breast cancer refractory to anthracyclines, docetaxel and capecitabine]. Filatova, LV; Gershanovich, ML; Semiglazova, TIu, 2005)	1.24
" Study of genomic DNA showed 12-fold increase in R1 gene dosage in MCF7 1K cells."	( Increased expression of the large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase is involved in resistance to gemcitabine in human mammary adenocarcinoma cells. Dumontet, C; Galmarini, CM; Guittet, O; Jordheim, LP; Lepoivre, M, 2005)	0.55
" We present a concise review of cancer chemotherapy dosing in the setting of liver dysfunction."	( Chemotherapy dosing in the setting of liver dysfunction. Eklund, JW; Mulcahy, MF; Trifilio, S, 2005)	0.33
" Gemcitabine was administered as a 30-minutes infusion at a dosage of 1 g/m2 on day 1, 8 and 15 every 4 weeks."	( An open label, non-comparative phase II study of gemcitabine as salvage treatment for patients with pretreated adult type soft tissue sarcoma. Azemar, M; Bokemeyer, C; Hartmann, JT; Horger, M; Huober, J; Jakob, A; Kanz, L; Oechsle, K, 2006)	1.5
" A single dose seemed ineffective, and the multiple dosing regimens seemed effective."	( Randomized phase II marker lesion study evaluating effect of scheduling on response to intravesical gemcitabine in recurrent Stage Ta urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder. Beckman, E; Carringer, M; Gårdmark, T; Malmström, PU, 2005)	0.54
" With G-CSF support, all except 2 patients were administered as per schedule, and the TXT dosage in 2 patients was reduced."	( [Phase II study of gemcitabine (GEM) and docetaxel (TXT) combination chemotherapy for unresectable non small cell lung cancer]. Kuramoto, K; Terao, I, 2005)	0.66
" In single and multiple dosing experiments, mice received ZD6126, gemcitabine, a combination of both agents, or no treatment."	( Vascular targeting in pancreatic cancer: the novel tubulin-binding agent ZD6126 reveals antitumor activity in primary and metastatic tumor models. Barge, A; Bruns, CJ; Friedrich, M; Jauch, KW; Kleespies, A; Köhl, G; Ryan, AJ, 2005)	0.57
"Gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cell strain SW1990/GZ was induced by increasing drug dosage intermittently, then the changes of its biological features and the activity of TrxR were examined."	( [Drug resistance and activity changes of thioredoxin reductase in pancreatic cancer cells strain SW1990 induced by gemcitabine]. Chen, G; Li, LJ; Niu, BZ; Wu, YD; Zhao, YP, 2005)	1.98
"This article describes a woman with metastatic upper gastrointestinal cancer who developed thoracic myelopathy unexpectedly after standard dosage and fractionation radiotherapy."	( Myelopathy after radiation therapy and chemotherapy with capecitabine and gemcitabine. Barstis, JL; Black, AC, 2005)	0.56
"We performed intraperitoneal and intrapleural dosing gemcitabine (GEM) to eight patients with advanced pancreatic cancer having peritoneal or pleural carcinomatosis and evaluated its actions and safety."	( [Intraperitoneal and intrapleural gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer]. Akiyama, T; Hirata, K; Homma, H; Kogawa, K; Koike, K; Mezawa, S; Takahashi, S, 2005)	0.86
" Most patients were switched to an every-other-week dosing schedule."	( Phase II study of fixed dose rate gemcitabine with cisplatin for metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Bergsland, EK; Dito, E; Ko, AH; Schillinger, B; Tempero, MA; Venook, AP, 2006)	0.61
" Emphasis was on the use of very low doses of each drug and of different dosing schedules."	( Preclinical in vivo activity of a combination gemcitabine/liposomal doxorubicin against cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer (A2780/CDDP). Apollonio, P; Ferlini, C; Fruscella, E; Gallo, D; Mancuso, S; Scambia, G, )	0.39
" Dosage reduction was performed for cytopenias and/or other grade 3 or 4 toxicity."	( Phase II trial of gemcitabine as first line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic or unresectable soft tissue sarcoma. Borden, EC; Karen, A; Mills, GM; Rankin, C; Von Burton, G; Zalupski, MM, 2006)	0.67
" Daily dosing of imatinib with concurrent administration of cytotoxic chemotherapy (either gemcitabine or doxorubicin) at standard doses was associated with toxicity that was clinically unacceptable."	( Selective kinase inhibition with daily imatinib intensifies toxicity of chemotherapy in patients with solid tumours. Appleman, LJ; Demetri, GD; Desai, J; George, S; Manola, J; Paul Eder, J; Ryan, DP, 2006)	0.55
" These data can be used to rationally design gemcitabine dosage regimes for canine oncology patients and as a basis for future investigations on the in vivo intracellular accumulation of gemcitabine triphosphate in dogs."	( Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine and its primary metabolite in dogs after intravenous bolus dosing and its in vitro pharmacodynamics. Freise, KJ; Martín-Jiménez, T, 2006)	0.92
" 5-fluoruracil 750 mg sq m(-1), leucovorin 75 mg sq m(-1), epirubicin 45 mg sq m(-1), carboplatin 225 mg sq m(-1) were administered every 3 weeks into celiac axis for three cycles (FLEC regimen), then gemcitabine at the dosage of 1 g sq m(-1) on days 1, 8 and 15 every 4 weeks for 3 months (FLECG regimen)."	( Adjuvant intra-arterial 5-fluoruracil, leucovorin, epirubicin and carboplatin with or without systemic gemcitabine after curative resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cantore, M; Capelli, P; Fiorentini, G; Iacono, C; Lombardi, M; Mambrini, A; Pacetti, P; Pagani, M; Pederzoli, P; Pulica, C; Serio, G; Torri, T, 2006)	0.74
" The dose intensity of gemcitabine of the 35 patients with 5-FU dosage set at MTD was 593 mg/m2 per week."	( Phase I-II trial of weekly gemcitabine plus high-dose 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in advanced pancreatic cancer. Chang, JY; Chao, Y; Chen, LT; Cheng, AL; Chuang, TR; Hsu, C; Hsu, CH; Jan, CM; Liu, TW; Shiah, HS; Whang-Peng, J; Yu, WL, 2006)	0.94
" Fixed dose rate gemcitabine is active and feasible, supporting the concept of fixed dosing rate of gemcitabine in advanced NSCLC."	( A multicentre randomised phase II study of carboplatin in combination with gemcitabine at standard rate or fixed dose rate infusion in patients with advanced stage non-small-cell lung cancer. Beale, P; Boyer, M; Goh, BC; Lee, HS; Lee, SC; Liang, S; Lim, HL; Millward, M; Soo, RA; Tham, LS; Wang, LZ; Yong, WP, 2006)	0.9
" Growth inhibition assays were conducted in each cell line evaluating combinations of the Ic25, Ic50, and Ic90 to determine optimal dosing for the combination of gemcitabine plus cisplatin."	( Determination of the mechanism of gemcitabine modulation of cisplatin drug resistance in panel of human endometrial cancer cell lines. Brown, J; Gaikwad, A; Ramondetta, LM; Smith, JA; Wolf, JK, 2006)	0.81
" The purpose of the study was to determine the optimal dosage and the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of a specified schedule of gemcitabine and ifosfamide."	( Dose-finding study of fixed dose gemcitabine and escalating doses of ifosfamide given on days 1 and 8 in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Aschroft, L; Baka, S; Blackhall, F; Buchholz, E; Lorigan, P; Manegold, C; Nagel, S; Schott-von-Römer, K; Thatcher, N, 2006)	0.82
" Divided dose of cisplatin combined with gemcitabine, at the current dosage and schedule, appears to be an active regimen in chemotherapy-naïve patients with malignant mesothelioma, and well-tolerated."	( Divided dose of cisplatin combined with gemcitabine in malignant mesothelioma. Akbulut, H; Büyükçelik, A; Demirkazik, A; Dinçol, D; Gören, D; Içli, F; Mousa, U; Onur, H; Senler, FC; Utkan, G; Yalçin, B, 2006)	0.87
" We thus conducted a phase I/II study of gemcitabine and infusional 5-FU in Japanese patients to determine a recommended dosage for this combination and clarify efficacy and toxicity."	( A phase I/II study of combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil for advanced pancreatic cancer. Funakoshi, A; Furuse, J; Ishii, H; Okusaka, T; Sumii, T; Ueno, H, 2006)	0.85
" Results from phase I determined the recommended dosage to be examined in phase II for effect on survival period, clinical benefit response (CBR), tumor response and safety."	( A phase I/II study of combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil for advanced pancreatic cancer. Funakoshi, A; Furuse, J; Ishii, H; Okusaka, T; Sumii, T; Ueno, H, 2006)	0.58
" Dose limiting toxicities in phase I determined the recommended 5-FU dosage at 400 mg/m(2)/day."	( A phase I/II study of combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil for advanced pancreatic cancer. Funakoshi, A; Furuse, J; Ishii, H; Okusaka, T; Sumii, T; Ueno, H, 2006)	0.58
" These indications of an antagonistic interaction between GEM and 5-FU in some pancreatic cancer context urge further investigation of both genetic and non-genetic differences to identify the variables most relevant for optimal selection and dosing of treatment for the individual patient."	( Antagonistic interactions between gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil in the human pancreatic carcinoma cell line Capan-2. Bellone, G; Bertetto, O; Buffolino, A; Busso, V; Carbone, A; Emanuelli, G; Novarino, A; Scirelli, T; Smirne, C; Tosetti, L, 2006)	0.61
" Gemcitabine alone was dosed at 1,000 mg/m2 up to 7 weeks in the first cycle, then once a week for the first 3 weeks of a 4-week cycle."	( Randomized phase III study of exatecan and gemcitabine compared with gemcitabine alone in untreated advanced pancreatic cancer. Abou-Alfa, GK; Ackerman, J; De Jager, RL; Eckhardt, SG; Feit, K; Harker, G; Hurwitz, H; Letourneau, R; Modiano, M; O'Reilly, EM; Tchekmedyian, NS, 2006)	1.51
" Due to the dosage for carboplatin by AUC an adaptation to the glomerular filtration rate is possible."	( [Gemcitabine and carboplatin chemotherapy in advanced transitional cell carcinoma in regard to patients with impaired renal function]. Helke, C; Hoschke, B; May, M, 2006)	1.24
"Gemcitabine and paclitaxel (Taxol) each provides an efficacious non-platinum option for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the optimal dosage and schedule of the two agents used in combination are not well defined."	( Randomized phase II trial of gemcitabine plus weekly versus three-weekly paclitaxel in previously untreated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Belani, CP; Clark, RH; Dakhil, S; Desch, CE; Monberg, MJ; Obasaju, CK; Rooney, DK; Waterhouse, DM; Ye, Z, 2007)	2.07
" Pharmacokinetic data for 24 h after dosing were obtained for both day 1 (gemcitabine without oxaliplatin coadministration) and day 8 (gemcitabine with oxaliplatin) during the first cycle of treatment."	( Coadministration of oxaliplatin does not influence the pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine. Georgoulias, V; Marselos, M; Mavroudis, D; Nikolaidou, M; Pappas, P, 2006)	0.79
"Firstly, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of gemcitabine was determined, when administered intraperitoneally at two different dosing schedules (0."	( Combination therapy using gemcitabine and radioimmunotherapy in nude mice with small peritoneal metastases of colonic origin. Bleichrodt, RP; Boerman, OC; Goldenberg, DM; Koppe, MJ; Oyen, WJ; Verhofstad, AA, 2006)	0.89
" The GEM dosage was decreased to 800 mg/m2 after the initial 21 patients because 3 patients developed interstitial lung disease (ILD)."	( Phase II trial of gemcitabine and docetaxel in patients with completely resected stage IIA-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer. Eguchi, K; Hada, E; Izumi, Y; Kawamura, M; Kobayashi, K; Koike, T; Sakaguchi, H; Yamato, Y, 2007)	0.67
" In the escalating phase of the trial, patients were enrolled in sequential cohorts using 100 or 150 mg oral daily dosing of erlotinib."	( Erlotinib plus gemcitabine in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer and other solid tumors: phase IB trial. Dragovich, T; Hage, G; Hamilton, M; Huberman, M; Nadler, P; Patnaik, A; Rowinsky, EK; Von Hoff, DD; Wolf, J; Wood, D, 2007)	0.69
" Consequently gemcitabine dosage was reduced at the second treatment in 8 of 21 dogs or a dose delay of 1-7 days and a reduction of dosage was used in 7 of 21 dogs."	( Single agent gemcitabine chemotherapy in dogs with spontaneously occurring lymphoma. Cosgrove, SB; Gamblin, RM; Griffice, K; Hahn, KA; Khanna, C; Rusk, A; Turner, AI, )	0.86
" administration of gemcitabine is tolerated within the tested dosage range."	( Phase I trial of intraperitoneal gemcitabine in the treatment of advanced malignancies primarily confined to the peritoneal cavity. Chow, W; Chu, D; Doroshow, JH; Frankel, P; Koczywas, M; Leong, L; Lim, D; Lin, P; Margolin, K; Morgan, RJ; Paz, B; Schwarz, RE; Shibata, S; Somlo, G; Stalter, S; Synold, TW; Tetef, M; Twardowski, P; Wagman, L; Xi, B; Yen, Y, 2007)	0.95
" Dosing schedule was modified for toxicity (doses constant but administered on Days 1 and 15 of a 28-day cycle)."	( Gemcitabine and vinorelbine combination chemotherapy for patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas: results of a phase II trial. Demetri, GD; Desai, J; Dileo, P; George, S; Harmon, DC; Morgan, JA; Polson, K; Quigley, MT; Salesi, JM; Zahrieh, D, 2007)	1.78
"The study accrued 40 patients, and 248 dosing cycles were administered (range, 1-32)."	( Gemcitabine and vinorelbine combination chemotherapy for patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas: results of a phase II trial. Demetri, GD; Desai, J; Dileo, P; George, S; Harmon, DC; Morgan, JA; Polson, K; Quigley, MT; Salesi, JM; Zahrieh, D, 2007)	1.78
"Chemonaive patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 2 received either 500 mg/m2 of pemetrexed (day 1, every 3 weeks) for eight cycles, or the same dosage of pemetrexed for cycles 1 and 2 and then 1200 mg/m2 of gemcitabine (days 1 and 8, every 3 weeks) for cycles 3 and 4 (repeated once for a total of eight cycles)."	( Single-agent pemetrexed or sequential pemetrexed/gemcitabine as front-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer in elderly patients or patients ineligible for platinum-based chemotherapy: a multicenter, randomized, phase II trial. Caffo, O; Favaretto, A; Gregorc, V; Gridelli, C; Kaukel, E; Manegold, C; Martoni, A; Migliorino, MR; Müller, TR; Muñoz, M; Peterson, P; Reck, M; Rossi, A; Russo, F; Schmittel, A, 2007)	0.77
" Tolerability for this drug is best following dosing at ZT 11 in mice."	( Circadian physiology is a toxicity target of the anticancer drug gemcitabine in mice. Lévi, F; Li, XM, 2007)	0.58
" A sensitive analytical method for the quantitation of gemcitabine is required for the assessment of alternative dosage and treatment schemes."	( Rapid determination of gemcitabine in plasma and serum using reversed-phase HPLC. Cerny, T; Früh, M; Lanz, C; Lauterburg, BH; Thormann, W, 2007)	0.9
" Another goal was to find the optimal individual schedule by adjusting frequency and dosage according to patient tolerability."	( Low dose gemcitabine plus cisplatin in a weekly-based regimen as salvage therapy for relapsed breast cancer after taxane-anthracycline-containing regimens. Alés-Martínez, JE; Aramburo González, PM; Sánchez-Escribano Morcuende, R, 2007)	0.76
" The results were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance followed by post-hoc tests, and nonlinear regression analysis for dose-response rates."	( Everolimus and mycophenolate mofetil sensitize human pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine in vitro: a novel adjunct to standard chemotherapy? Dillmann, S; Henne-Bruns, D; Keller, F; Klug, F; Mayer, JM; Stracke, S; Tuncyurek, P, 2007)	0.57
" In addition to reassurance, pregabalin was prescribed for these myotonic symptoms at a dosage of 50 mg by mouth three times daily."	( Successful amelioration of oxaliplatin-induced hyperexcitability syndrome with the antiepileptic pregabalin in a patient with pancreatic cancer. Hashmi, S; Saif, MW, 2008)	0.35
"The addition of intermittently dosed IM to GEM at low to full dose was associated with broad antitumor activity and little increase in toxicity."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) and gemcitabine in patients with refractory solid tumors. Ali, Y; Egorin, MJ; Gharibo, MM; Gounder, MK; Lagattuta, TF; Lin, Y; Poplin, EA; Rubin, EH; Stein, MN, 2007)	0.57
" Gemcitabine is an anticancer drug which is metabolized to a number of metabolites, administered using different dosing regimens and increasingly used in combination with oxaliplatin."	( Population pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine and its metabolite in patients with cancer: effect of oxaliplatin and infusion rate. Galettis, P; Jiang, X; Links, M; McLachlan, AJ; Mitchell, PL, 2008)	1.54
" The most common reason for reduction of the dosage or for cycle delay in the combined scheme was neutropenia."	( Feasibility and efficacy of chemotherapy with gemcitabine mono and with paclitaxel/mitoxantron in gynaecological cancers. Cordes, T; Fischer, D; Friedrich, M; Lüdders, D; Maass, N; Schroer, A; Villena-Heinsen, C, 2007)	0.6
" The trial protocol was changed by reducing the cisplatin dosage to 20 mg/m(2)."	( Weekly gemcitabine and cisplatin concurrent with pelvic irradiation for primary therapy of cervical cancer: report of the first seven cases in Thai women. Chumworathayi, B; Krusun, S; Luanratanakorn, S; Pattamadilok, J; Tangvorapongchai, V; Yuenyao, P, 2007)	0.79
" We designed a dosing schema that used multiple sequential exchanges of a peritoneal dialysate containing dFdC in an effort to produce prolonged IP dFdC exposure."	( Intraperitoneal gemcitabine pharmacokinetics: a pilot and pharmacokinetic study in patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Alexander, HR; Bartlett, DL; Dedrick, RL; Egorin, MJ; Gamblin, TC; Herscher, LL; Lagattuta, TF; Libutti, SK; Russo, A; Zuhowski, EG, 2008)	0.69
" The observed self-induction of gemcitabine metabolism has broad implications for the dosing of nucleoside analogs."	( Randomized crossover study evaluating the effect of gemcitabine infusion dose rate: evidence of auto-induction of gemcitabine accumulation. de Souza, PL; Galettis, P; Grimison, P; Jelinek, M; Liauw, W; Links, MJ; Manners, S; Metharom, E, 2007)	0.87
" In conclusion, gemcitabine and cisplatin combination therapy with this biweekly schedule and dosage is moderately active and extremely safe in patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with anthracycline and taxanes."	( Biweekly administration of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy in patients with anthracycline and taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer. Aydiner, A; Camlica, H; Derin, D; Guney, N; Tas, F; Topuz, E, 2008)	0.99
" Although select patients may benefit from treatment, the overall risk:benefit ratio is unfavorable, and other dosing regimens and therapeutic options should be explored in this setting."	( Excess toxicity associated with docetaxel and irinotecan in patients with metastatic, gemcitabine-refractory pancreatic cancer: results of a phase II study. Bergsland, EK; Dito, E; Ko, AH; Schillinger, B; Tempero, MA; Venook, AP, 2008)	0.57
" In the event of progressive disease, the dosage was increased for subsequent cycles."	( [Irinotecan plus gemcitabine(IRINOGEM)in the treatment of biliary malignancies]. Hatakeyama, K; Muneoka, K; Sakata, J; Sasaki, M; Shirai, Y; Toshima, M; Wakai, T, 2008)	0.69
"We show here that, consistent with our previous in vitro studies, gemcitabine inhibited tumor growth, whereas pemetrexed was ineffective, even at the highest dosage tested."	( Imatinib mesylate enhances therapeutic effects of gemcitabine in human malignant mesothelioma xenografts. Bertino, P; Cilli, M; Favoni, R; Gaudino, G; Mutti, L; Piccardi, F; Porta, C, 2008)	0.84
" At level 1, 4/6 patients experienced DLTs; dosing decreased to level 0 and 4/5 patients experienced DLTs."	( Phase I study of a 3-drug regimen of gemcitabine/cisplatin/pemetrexed in patients with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium. Atienza, D; Awasthi, S; Berry, W; Delaune, R; Deutsch, M; Dien, PY; Gregory, TF; Hood, K; Hutson, TE; Ilegbodu, D; Kolodziej, MJ; Mull, S; Muscato, JJ; Nicol, S; Raju, RN; Ruxer, RL; Vukelja, S, 2008)	0.62
" However, a 4- to 5-day spaced dosing schedule (injections on day 0, 4, 8, and 13) was proved to be safer in terms of weight loss and hematological and other toxicity."	( Preclinical toxicology (subacute and acute) and efficacy of a new squalenoyl gemcitabine anticancer nanomedicine. Couvreur, P; Desmaële, D; Dubernet, C; Marque, PE; Mouelhi, SL; Reddy, LH, 2008)	0.57
" Three alternate dosing sequences were used during cycle 1 to examine dynamic changes in molecular profiles."	( A phase II study of sequential neoadjuvant gemcitabine plus doxorubicin followed by gemcitabine plus cisplatin in patients with operable breast cancer: prediction of response using molecular profiling. Awasthy, B; Chacko, RT; Dawar, R; Dhindsa, N; Hu, Z; Julka, PK; Koppiker, CB; Lin, B; Ma, D; Miller, ID; Nag, S; Nair, A; Nair, S; Oh, DS; Parshad, R; Perou, CM, 2008)	0.61
" dFdC, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected 7qdx1d dosing of dFdC."	( Extensive metabolism and hepatic accumulation of gemcitabine after multiple oral and intravenous administration in mice. Beijnen, JH; Pluim, D; Schellens, JH; van Tellingen, O; Veltkamp, SA, 2008)	0.6
" In addition to standard threeweekly dosing regimens, alternative schedules of administration of taxanes and gemcitabine doublets (weekly, twoweekly) might deserve further investigation due to their potential usefulness in reducing pharmacological toxicity while maintaining or increasing dose-intensity and clinical efficacy."	( Taxanes and gemcitabine doublets in the management of HER-2 negative metastatic breast cancer: towards optimization of association and schedule. Carlini, P; Cognetti, F; De Laurentiis, M; Fabi, A; Felici, A; Ferretti, G; Graziano, V; Introna, M; Metro, G; Nuzzo, C; Papaldo, P; Pellegrini, D; Russillo, M; Vici, P, )	0.72
" In patients with abnormal renal function, dosage adjustment is often required to improve the renal tolerance, and also to limit the risk of extra-renal toxicities (such as haematological toxicities) induced by a drug overdosage, in those patients with reduced drug-elimination."	( [Chemotherapy and renal toxicity]. Deray, G; Isnard-Bagnis, C; Janus, N; Karie, S; Launay-Vacher, V, 2008)	0.35
" Patients received one of two dosing schemes: (a) once daily dosing for 14 days of a 21-day cycle or (b) every other day dosing for 21 days of a 28-day cycle."	( Oral administration of gemcitabine in patients with refractory tumors: a clinical and pharmacologic study. Andre, VA; Beijnen, JH; Callies, S; Jansen, RS; Kloeker-Rhoades, S; Pluim, D; Rosing, H; Schellens, JH; Slapak, CA; Veltkamp, SA; Visseren-Grul, CM, 2008)	0.66
" We investigated the ability of THU to decrease elimination and first-pass effect by CD, thereby enabling oral dosing of dFdC."	( Modulation of gemcitabine (2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine) pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and bioavailability in mice by 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrouridine. Beumer, JH; Covey, JM; Egorin, MJ; Eiseman, JL; Joseph, E; Parise, RA, 2008)	0.71
"Coadministration of THU enables oral dosing of dFdC and warrants clinical testing."	( Modulation of gemcitabine (2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine) pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and bioavailability in mice by 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrouridine. Beumer, JH; Covey, JM; Egorin, MJ; Eiseman, JL; Joseph, E; Parise, RA, 2008)	0.71
"Single-agent PPX, dosed at 175 mg/m, is active and well tolerated in PS 2 patients with advanced NSCLC."	( Randomized phase III trial comparing single-agent paclitaxel Poliglumex (CT-2103, PPX) with single-agent gemcitabine or vinorelbine for the treatment of PS 2 patients with chemotherapy-naïve advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Bandstra, B; Bilynsky, BT; Bondarenko, IN; Eisenfeld, AJ; Ganul, VL; Hotko, YS; Kostinsky, IY; O'Brien, ME; Oldham, FB; Popovich, AY; Sandalic, L; Sandler, AB; Singer, JW; Socinski, MA; Tomova, A, 2008)	0.56
" However, with MTD dosing this drug ratio is not optimal to produce synergy and future studies using ratiometric dosing are required to confirm these findings."	( Phase I evaluation of gemcitabine, mitoxantrone, and their effect on plasma disposition of fludarabine in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Adams, DJ; Decastro, CM; Gockerman, JP; Moore, JO; Peterson, BL; Petros, WP; Rao, AV; Rizzieri, DA; Sand, GJ; Spasojevic, I; Younis, IR, 2008)	0.66
" Unresectable stage III NSCLC patients received CDDP (60 mg/m(2)), GEM (1g/m(2), days 1 and 8) and VNR (25mg/m(2), days 1 and 8) with reduced dosage of GEM and VNR during radiotherapy (66Gy)."	( A phase III randomised study comparing concomitant radiochemotherapy as induction versus consolidation treatment in patients with locally advanced unresectable non-small cell lung cancer. Alard, S; Berghmans, T; Giner, V; Holbrechts, S; Koumakis, G; Leclercq, N; Lecomte, J; Meert, AP; Paesmans, M; Richez, M; Roelandts, M; Sculier, JP; Van Houtte, P, 2009)	0.35
" GEM was administrated at a dosage of 1 g/m(2) intravenously weekly 3 of 4 weeks and UFT at a dosage of 200 mg/day orally continuously."	( A randomized phase II trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with uracil/tegafur and gemcitabine versus gemcitabine alone in patients with resected pancreatic cancer. Furukawa, K; Ito, H; Kato, A; Kimura, F; Miyazaki, M; Nozawa, S; Otsuka, M; Shimizu, H; Togawa, A; Yoshidome, H; Yoshitomi, H, 2008)	0.57
" Anticancer drugs were studied with regard to their potential renal toxicity and need for dosage adjustment."	( Lung cancer and renal insufficiency: prevalence and anticancer drug issues. Beuzeboc, P; Deray, G; Etessami, R; Gligorov, J; Janus, N; Launay-Vacher, V; Morere, JF; Oudard, S; Pourrat, X; Ray-Coquard, I; Spano, JP, )	0.13
" However, the patient suffered relatively severe side effects, and it was necessary to change the dosing schedule of gemcitabine."	( A patient with unresectable advanced pancreatic cancer achieving long-term survival with gemcitabine chemotherapy. Izuishi, K; Kakinoki, K; Maeba, T; Okamoto, Y; Okano, K; Suzuki, Y; Usuki, H; Wakabayashi, H, 2008)	0.78
"To prove that combining gemcitabine and H-1PV in a model of pancreatic carcinoma may reduce the dosage of the toxic drug and/or improve the overall anticancer effect."	( Improvement of gemcitabine-based therapy of pancreatic carcinoma by means of oncolytic parvovirus H-1PV. Angelova, AL; Aprahamian, M; Balboni, G; Dinsart, C; Giese, NA; Grekova, SP; Hajri, A; Herrmann, A; Leuchs, B; Raykov, Z; Rommelaere, J, 2009)	1.01
" Response rate in this study was modest, and optimization of dosing of this combination is required."	( Combined gemcitabine and carboplatin therapy for carcinomas in dogs. Cadile, CD; Dervisis, NG; Dominguez, PA; Kitchell, BE; Sarbu, L, )	0.55
" Grade 3/4 creatinine increase occurred in 6 patients on glufosfamide, including 4 with dosing errors."	( A randomised Phase III trial of glufosfamide compared with best supportive care in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma previously treated with gemcitabine. Bodoky, G; Ciuleanu, TE; Garin, AM; Kroll, S; Langmuir, VK; Pavlovsky, AV; Tidmarsh, GT, 2009)	0.55
" Cholangiocellular carcinoma cells (TFK-1 cells) were treated either with 8 Gy (RTB group) or 16 Gy (RTA group) (188)Re or with (188)Re irradiation (8 Gy) combined with either gemcitabine (8 Gy/Gem) or 5-fluorouracil (8 Gy/5-FU) at a dosage of 20 microg/ml medium for 4 days and subsequently compared with an untreated control group."	( Impact of rhenium-188, gemcitabine, and 5-fluorouracil on cholangiocellular carcinoma cells: an in vitro study. Bantleon, R; Farkas, E; Kehlbach, R; Werner, M; Wiesinger, B; Wiskirchen, J, 2009)	0.86
"Gemcitabine as a single agent, in this dosage and at this schedule, evidenced minimal clinical activity in cases of advanced MZL."	( Phase II study of gemcitabine for treatment of patients with advanced stage marginal zone B-cell lymphoma: Consortium for Improving Survival of Lymphoma (CISL) trial. Choi, YJ; Chung, JS; Kang, HJ; Kim, HJ; Kim, SH; Kim, SJ; Kim, WS; Lee, DH; Oh, SY; Ryoo, BY; Suh, C, 2010)	2.14
" Adjustments in gemcitabine dosage during radiotherapy or changes in radiotherapy planning could reduce toxicity."	( High frequency of radiation pneumonitis in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with concurrent radiotherapy and gemcitabine after induction with gemcitabine and carboplatin. Arrieta, O; Astorga-Ramos, AM; de la Garza, J; Gallardo-Rincón, D; Martínez-Barrera, L; Michel, RM; Villarreal-Garza, C, 2009)	0.9
" cytotoxicity) of interest in these studies are based on the effects of an individual dosage of a drug on the cell lines, or a summary of results at many dosages of a drug (e."	( A Bayesian hierarchical nonlinear model for assessing the association between genetic variation and drug cytotoxicity. Fridley, BL; Jenkins, G; Schaid, DJ; Wang, L, 2009)	0.35
" When sirolimus was added to this regimen at a dosage to achieve a serum level of at least 10 ng/dL at the time of the gemcitabine and docetaxel infusion, their tumors regressed."	( Sirolimus can reverse resistance to gemcitabine, capecitabine and docetaxel combination therapy in pancreatic cancer. Sherman, WH, 2009)	0.84
" Dose-response studies showed that the drug inhibited 50% growth of seven pancreatic cancer cell lines at 10(-7) mol/L, whereas clonogenic growth was significantly inhibited at 5 x 10(-8) mol/L."	( Cucurbitacin B induces apoptosis by inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway and potentiates antiproliferative effects of gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer cells. Abbassi, S; Doan, NB; Iwanski, GB; Koeffler, HP; Lin, P; Okamoto, R; Said, JW; Song, JH; Thoennissen, NH; Toh, M; Xie, WD; Yin, D, 2009)	0.56
" Alternative dosing of glufosfamide plus gemcitabine should be explored."	( A phase 2 trial of glufosfamide in combination with gemcitabine in chemotherapy-naive pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Barrios, CH; Chiorean, EG; Dragovich, T; Gorini, CF; Hamm, J; Jung, DT; Kroll, S; Langmuir, VK; Loehrer, PJ; Tidmarsh, GT, 2010)	0.88
"6% at dose 2, suggesting a dose-response relationship between OS and Rexin-G dosage."	( Advanced phase I/II studies of targeted gene delivery in vivo: intravenous Rexin-G for gemcitabine-resistant metastatic pancreatic cancer. Blackwelder, WC; Chawla, SP; Chua, VS; Fernandez, L; Gordon, EM; Hall, FL; Quon, D, 2010)	0.58
"The every 2 week dosing is well tolerated with a phase II recommended dose of 45 mg/m of flavopiridol in combination with irinotecan (80 mg/m) and gemcitabine (800 mg/m)."	( A phase I study of flavopiridol in combination with gemcitabine and irinotecan in patients with metastatic cancer. Chyi Lee, F; Fekrazad, HM; Rabinowitz, I; Royce, M; Smith, HO; Verschraegen, CF, 2010)	0.81
" In this study, we compared the dosage of carboplatin (CBDCA) calculated using MDRD with that calculated by conservative creatinine clearance (Ccr), and investigated the actual dosage given and the incidence of its adverse effects."	( [Clinical evaluation of calculating carboplatin doses using modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) estimate and adverse events]. Adachi, S; Kimura, M; Matsumoto, R; Matsuoka, T; Nakao, T; Okada, K; Tanaka, Y; Usami, E; Yasuda, T; Yoshimura, T, 2009)	0.35
" Target plasma concentrations were correctly predicted by our previously described dosing nomogram."	( Phase I trial of non-cytotoxic suramin as a modulator of docetaxel and gemcitabine therapy in previously treated patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Au, JL; Bekaii-Saab, T; Chen, L; Grever, M; Guillaume Wientjes, M; Jensen, RR; Lam, ET; Li, X; Murgo, AJ; Otterson, GA; Shen, T; Villalona-Calero, MA; Wei, Y, 2010)	0.59
"This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety and to compare dosing schedules of gemcitabine combined with S-1 in chemo-naïve non-small cell lung cancer patients."	( Randomized phase II study of two different schedules of gemcitabine and oral S-1 in chemo-naïve patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Ando, M; Funada, Y; Hata, A; Katakami, N; Kotani, Y; Negoro, S; Satouchi, M; Shimada, T; Urata, Y; Yoshimura, S, 2010)	0.83
" In phase I, dosage for levels 1, 2, and 3 was set at 600, 800, and 1000 mg/m, respectively, and was increased in 3 to 6 patients at a time."	( Phase I/II study of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with gemcitabine in patients with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (JIVROSG-0301). Anai, H; Arai, Y; Aramaki, T; Ikeda, M; Inaba, Y; Kumada, T; Najima, M; Sato, Y; Sone, M; Tanigawa, N; Yamaura, H; Yoshioka, T, 2011)	0.61
"5 or 50mg/day intermittently (Schedule 2/1: 2 weeks on treatment, 1 week off treatment) or 25mg continuous daily dosing (CDD) schedule with intravenous infusions of gemcitabine (1000 or 1250 mg/m(2) days 1, 8) and cisplatin (80 mg/m(2) day 1)."	( Sunitinib in combination with gemcitabine plus cisplatin for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a phase I dose-escalation study. Cedres, S; Chao, R; Felip, E; Frickhofen, N; Fuhr, HG; Gatzemeier, U; Heigener, D; Lanzalone, S; Reck, M; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Stephenson, P; Thall, A, 2010)	0.84
" To date there is limited information on dosing of gemcitabine in patients with an elevated total bilirubin."	( Toxicities of gemcitabine in patients with severe hepatic dysfunction. Hall, PD; Teusink, AC, 2010)	0.97
" The MTT cytotoxicity dose-response studies revealed the placebo at/or below 1 mg/ml has no effect on MIA PaCa-2 or BxPC-3 cells."	( Chitosan and glyceryl monooleate nanostructures containing gemcitabine: potential delivery system for pancreatic cancer treatment. Dash, AK; Khurana, J; Nagvekar, AA; Trickler, WJ, 2010)	0.6
" Hematologic toxicities limiting day 8 gemcitabine dosing were observed in the first 20 patients, prompting a protocol amendment to evaluate pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 followed by gemcitabine 1500 mg/m2 on day 1 of a 14-day cycle."	( A phase II trial of pemetrexed and gemcitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer who have received prior taxane therapy. Elias, AD; Gralow, J; Muscato, J; Neubauer, M; O'Shaughnessy, JA; Orlando, M; Pippen, J; Shonukan, O; Stokoe, C; Vaughn, LG; Wang, Y, 2010)	0.91
" Treatment consisted of gemcitabine at a dosage of 1,250 mg/m(2) administered intravenously over a 30-minute period on days 1 and 8 of each 21-day cycle until progression."	( Phase II study of second line gemcitabine single chemotherapy for biliary tract cancer patients with 5-fluorouracil refractoriness. Ha, CY; Hong, SC; Hwang, IG; Jang, JS; Jeong, CY; Kang, JH; Kim, HJ; Kim, TH; Kwon, HC; Lee, GW; Oh, SY, 2011)	0.96
"Following significant hematotoxicity, dosing was modified to gemcitabine 1000 mg/m (Days 1, 8), capecitabine 1000 mg twice daily (Days 1-14), and bevacizumab 15 mg/kg (Day 1) on a 21-day cycle with evaluation every 3 cycles."	( A phase II trial of gemcitabine, capecitabine, and bevacizumab in metastatic renal carcinoma. Chung, EK; Hahn, OM; Karrison, T; Kasza, K; Manchen, E; Posadas, EM; Stadler, WM, 2011)	0.93
" Recent studies demonstrated that frequent dosing of chemotherapeutic drugs at relatively lower doses in metronomic regimens also confers anti-tumour activity but with fewer side effects."	( Metronomic gemcitabine suppresses tumour growth, improves perfusion, and reduces hypoxia in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Baker, JH; Buczkowski, AK; Cham, KK; Chang, CW; Chu, EM; Chung, SW; Flexman, JA; Kozlowski, P; Minchinton, AI; Ng, SS; Owen, DA; Reinsberg, SA; Scudamore, CH; Takhar, KS; Wong, MQ; Yapp, DT; Yung, A, 2010)	0.75
"Metronomic dosing of gemcitabine is active in pancreatic cancer and is accompanied by pronounced changes in the tumour microenvironment."	( Metronomic gemcitabine suppresses tumour growth, improves perfusion, and reduces hypoxia in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Baker, JH; Buczkowski, AK; Cham, KK; Chang, CW; Chu, EM; Chung, SW; Flexman, JA; Kozlowski, P; Minchinton, AI; Ng, SS; Owen, DA; Reinsberg, SA; Scudamore, CH; Takhar, KS; Wong, MQ; Yapp, DT; Yung, A, 2010)	1.07
" carboplatin dosed at an area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 5 over 60 min on day 1 of a 21-day cycle."	( Gemcitabine with carboplatin for advanced biliary tract cancers: a phase II single institution study. Fournier, CC; James, JS; Picus, J; Suresh, R; Tan, BR; Trinkhaus, K; Williams, KJ, 2010)	1.8
"Due to rapid tumor progression and toxicity at this dosage and schedule in a multicenter setting, it was not feasible to deliver a prolonged regimen."	( Randomized phase III trial of 2nd line gemcitabine and paclitaxel chemotherapy in patients with advanced bladder cancer: short-term versus prolonged treatment [German Association of Urological Oncology (AUO) trial AB 20/99]. Albers, P; Fechner, G; Fimmers, R; Heidenreich, A; Heimbach, D; Lehmann, J; Niegisch, G; Park, SI; Siener, R; Steiner, U, 2011)	0.64
" Although some patients may benefit from the treatment, other dosing regimens and novel taxanes such as Nab-paclitaxel should be explored in this setting."	( Docetaxel second-line therapy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: a retrospective study. Kaley, K; Penney, R; Saif, MW; Syrigos, K, 2010)	0.36
" Dosing in both treatment phases was generally well tolerated with manageable toxicities and no requirement for dose reduction."	( Sorafenib after combination therapy with gemcitabine plus doxorubicine in patients with sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: a prospective evaluation. Bader, M; Haseke, N; Karl, A; Roosen, A; Siebels, M; Stadler, T; Staehler, M; Stief, CG, 2010)	0.63
" They may be useful for the improvement of control over gemcitabine toxicity, correction of its dosage regime, and efficacious prevention of the most serious side effects."	( [Specific features of toxicological profile of gemcitabine, an antitumour agent from the group of anti-metabolites]. Baĭkova, VN; Parshina, NA; Pleteneva, TV, )	0.63
"Area under the curve (AUC) dosing is routinely carried out for carboplatin, but the chosen target AUC values remain largely empirical."	( Factors for hematopoietic toxicity of carboplatin: refining the targeting of carboplatin systemic exposure. Billaud, EM; Bobin-Dubigeon, C; Boisdron-Celle, M; Boyer, JC; Chatelut, E; Concordet, D; Durdux, C; Etienne-Grimaldi, MC; Evrard, A; Floquet, A; Gladieff, L; Laffont, CM; Lafont, T; Lansiaux, A; Le Guellec, C; Mazières, J; Mousseau, M; Ollivier, F; Pinguet, F; Schmitt, A, 2010)	0.36
"The combination of sorafenib plus gemcitabine and capecitabine is tolerable, but requires attenuation of sorafenib and capecitabine dosing because of the overlapping toxicity of hand-foot syndrome."	( A phase I trial of sorafenib plus gemcitabine and capecitabine for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: New York Cancer Consortium Trial NCI 6981. Jeske, S; Kung, S; Lehrer, D; Matulich, D; Mazumdar, M; Milowsky, MI; Nanus, DM; Selzer, J; Sung, M; Tagawa, ST; Wright, JJ, 2011)	0.93
" Understanding the mechanism of this phenomena and its occurrence with other drugs is important for rational dosing of gemcitabine and design of gemcitabine combinations."	( Modulation of gemcitabine accumulation by DNA-damaging agents: mechanisms and specificity in an in vitro model. Galettis, P; Links, M; Manners, S; Metharom, E, 2010)	0.93
" Intermittent dosing of pomalidomide allowed substantially higher doses than were previously reported with a continuous schedule."	( A phase I, dose-escalation study of pomalidomide (CC-4047) in combination with gemcitabine in metastatic pancreas cancer. Bendell, JC; Burris, HA; Hainsworth, JD; Infante, JR; Jones, SF; Messersmith, WA; Spigel, DR; Weekes, CD; Yardley, DA, 2011)	0.6
"Gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990/GZ was obtained by treating parental cell line SW1990 in vitro with increasing dosage of gemcitabine in culture medium intermittently for 24 weeks."	( [Establish a gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990/GZ and research the relationship between SW1990/GZ and pancreatic cancer stem cell]. An, Y; Cai, HH; Dai, CC; Lu, ZP; Miao, Y; Qian, ZY; Wei, JS; Xu, ZK; Yao, J, 2010)	2.17
"Patients received reovirus in various doses, initially we dosed for five consecutive days but this was poorly tolerated."	( A phase I study of the combination of intravenous reovirus type 3 Dearing and gemcitabine in patients with advanced cancer. Arkenau, HT; Coffey, M; de Bono, JS; Evans, TR; Gill, G; Harrington, K; Lolkema, MP; Mettinger, K; Morrison, R; Roulstone, V; Roxburgh, P; Twigger, K, 2011)	0.6
" First, we provide advances into administration schedules and dosing regimens for the combination treatment in in vivo pancreatic tumour."	( Aurora B kinase inhibitor AZD1152: determinants of action and ability to enhance chemotherapeutics effectiveness in pancreatic and colon cancer. Azzariti, A; Bocci, G; Chiarappa, P; Del Bufalo, D; Del Tacca, M; Fioravanti, A; Mangia, A; Paradiso, A; Porcelli, L; Quatrale, AE; Sebastian, S; Simone, GM; Sini, P, 2011)	0.37
"Controversy exists over the optimal dosing for the nucleoside analogue gemcitabine."	( The pharmacological advantage of prolonged dose rate gemcitabine is restricted to patients with variant alleles of cytidine deaminase c.79A>C. de Souza, PL; Galettis, P; Hoskins, JM; Jelinek, M; Liauw, W; Links, M; Manners, S; Metharom, E, 2011)	0.85
" This represents a classical interaction between genes and environment and provides support for the consideration of both CDA genotype and infusion duration in development of an individualized dosing strategy."	( The pharmacological advantage of prolonged dose rate gemcitabine is restricted to patients with variant alleles of cytidine deaminase c.79A>C. de Souza, PL; Galettis, P; Hoskins, JM; Jelinek, M; Liauw, W; Links, M; Manners, S; Metharom, E, 2011)	0.62
" Though grade 3 neutropenia appeared after 2 courses of the combined therapy, the patient well tolerated it after controlling the dosing schedule."	( [A case of complete response of gemcitabine (GEM) monotherapy-refractive liver metastatic pancreatic cancer treated with GEM+S-1 combined chemotherapy]. Hatata, T; Ikeguchi, M; Kondo, A; Naka, T; Takaya, S; Taniguchi, K, 2011)	0.65
" MK-1775, when dosed with GEM, abrogated the checkpoint arrest to promote mitotic entry and facilitated tumor cell death as compared to control and GEM-treated tumors."	( MK-1775, a potent Wee1 inhibitor, synergizes with gemcitabine to achieve tumor regressions, selectively in p53-deficient pancreatic cancer xenografts. Brooks, D; De Oliveira, E; Demuth, T; Hidalgo, M; Hirai, H; Maitra, A; Mizuarai, S; Ottenhof, N; Rajeshkumar, NV; Shumway, SD; Watters, J, 2011)	0.62
"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumour tissue from genetically engineered mouse models of pancreatic cancer (KP ( FL/FL ) C and KP ( R172H/+) C) was collected after dosing the mice with gemcitabine."	( A novel method for quantification of gemcitabine and its metabolites 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine and gemcitabine triphosphate in tumour tissue by LC-MS/MS: comparison with (19)F NMR spectroscopy. Bapiro, TE; Cook, N; Frese, KK; Goldgraben, MA; Griffiths, JR; Jacobetz, MA; Jodrell, DI; Madhu, B; Olive, KP; Richards, FM; Smith, DM; Tuveson, DA, 2011)	0.81
"4 Gy in 28 fractions, followed by brachytherapy [BCT] 30 to 35 Gy in 96 hours, and then two adjuvant 21-day cycles of cisplatin, 50 mg/m(2) on day 1, plus gemcitabine, 1,000 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8) or to arm B (cisplatin and concurrent XRT followed by BCT only; dosing same as for arm A)."	( Phase III, open-label, randomized study comparing concurrent gemcitabine plus cisplatin and radiation followed by adjuvant gemcitabine and cisplatin versus concurrent cisplatin and radiation in patients with stage IIB to IVA carcinoma of the cervix. Alcedo, JC; Barraclough, H; Beslija, S; Blair, JM; Casanova, L; Dueñas-González, A; Hameed, S; Orlando, M; Patel, F; Pattaranutaporn, P; Zarbá, JJ, 2011)	0.81
"Patients received oral panobinostat administered 2 or 3 times weekly (continuous or intermittent dosing in combination with intravenous gemcitabine administered on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days or on days 1 and 8 every 21 days)."	( A phase I study of panobinostat in combination with gemcitabine in the treatment of solid tumors. Bendell, JC; Burris, HA; Greco, FA; Infante, JR; Jones, SF; Murphy, PB; Spigel, DR; Thompson, DS; Yardley, DA, 2011)	0.82
" Together these data support the clinical investigation of AZD7762 with gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer under a dosing schedule in which gemcitabine is administered concurrent with or before AZD7762 and in conjunction with skin biopsies to measure pS345 Chk1."	( Assessment of chk1 phosphorylation as a pharmacodynamic biomarker of chk1 inhibition. Arumugarajah, S; Brown, JL; Gross, M; Hassan, MC; Hylander-Gans, L; Lawrence, TS; Maybaum, J; Morgan, MA; Morosini, D; Parsels, JD; Parsels, LA; Qian, Y; Simeone, DM; Tanska, DM; Zabludoff, SD; Zhao, L, 2011)	0.6
"0% of the planned theoretical dosage of carboplatin and 58% of patients received more than 85."	( Toxicity profile and adherence to the pharmacotherapeutic regimen of gemcitabine-carboplatin in non-small cell lung cancer. Albert Marí, A; Boquera Ferrer, ML; Gómez Herrero, D; Merino Sanjuán, M; Víctor Jiménez Torres, N, )	0.37
"This dosing schedule of FDR gemcitabine plus capecitabine is active in patients with advanced pancreatobiliary cancers."	( Optimizing the administration of fixed-dose rate gemcitabine plus capecitabine using an alternating-week schedule: a dose finding and early efficacy study in advanced pancreatic and biliary carcinomas. Bergsland, EK; Coakley, FV; Dito, E; Espinoza, AM; Hanover, CS; Jones, KA; Kelley, RK; Ko, AH; Ong, A; Tempero, MA; Venook, AP, 2012)	0.93
" The literature on chemotherapy in advanced cholangiocarcinoma is difficult to interpret because of the heterogeneity of cholangiocarcinoma, the use of various chemotherapeutic agents in different combinations and dosing regimens, and the small size of existing patient cohorts."	( Emerging pharmacotherapeutic strategies for cholangiocarcinoma. Dasanu, CA; Majumder, S; Trikudanathan, G, 2011)	0.37
" Dose-response curves obtained for each compound by applying the neutral red uptake (NRU) assay to MMe cells growing in vitro, allowed to obtain IC50 values for each compound used singularly."	( In vitro screening of synergistic ascorbate-drug combinations for the treatment of malignant mesothelioma. Burlando, B; Martinotti, S; Ranzato, E, 2011)	0.37
" This has potential utility in treatment selection and genotype-based dosing strategies."	( Gemcitabine and platinum pathway pharmacogenetics in Asian breast cancer patients. Cordero, MT; Goh, BC; Lee, SC; Ng, SS; Soong, R; Wang, LZ; Wong, AL; Yap, HL; Yeo, WL; Yong, WP, )	1.57
" The patient received adjuvant gemcitabine plus cisplatin chemotherapy at a cisplatin dosage reduced by 50%."	( Synchronous bilateral urothelial cancer in a kidney recipient. Chikaraishi, T; Kimura, K; Kudo, H; Miyano, S; Nakazawa, R; Sasaki, H, 2011)	0.66
" During radiotherapy, most patients received GEM at a dosage of 250 to 350 mg/m(2) intravenously weekly for approximately 6 weeks."	( Concurrent radiotherapy and gemcitabine for unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma: impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival. Hirokawa, N; Ito, Y; Karasawa, K; Kokubo, M; Nemoto, K; Nishimura, Y; Ogawa, K; Ogo, E; Onishi, H; Saito, T; Shibuya, H; Shibuya, K, 2012)	0.67
"To develop and internally validate a population pharmacokinetic model for gemcitabine and its metabolite 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU); and to evaluate its predictive perfomance for personalizing the dosage used in cancer patients."	( [Population pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine applied to personalize the dosage used in cancer patients]. Duart-Duart, MJ; Escudero-Ortiz, V; Pérez-Ruixo, JJ; Ramón-López, A; Valenzuela, B, )	0.65
"The population pharmacokinetic model adequately characterised the gemcitabine and dFdU plasma concentrations in the study population over time, and can be used to accurately and precisely optimise gemcitabine dosing regimens in cancer patients."	( [Population pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine applied to personalize the dosage used in cancer patients]. Duart-Duart, MJ; Escudero-Ortiz, V; Pérez-Ruixo, JJ; Ramón-López, A; Valenzuela, B, )	0.65
" Of 14 recruited subjects enrolled, nine completed the study (three in each dosage tier)."	( Phase I evaluation of intravenous ascorbic acid in combination with gemcitabine and erlotinib in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Bazzan, AJ; Deshmukh, S; Levine, M; Littman, S; Mitchell, E; Monti, DA; Newberg, AB; Pillai, MV; Yeo, CJ; Zabrecky, G, 2012)	0.61
"Although the recommended dosage is restricted to a lower level compared to younger patients, combination therapy using CBDCA with GEM is tolerable and promising for elderly patients with advanced NSCLC."	( A phase I/II study of carboplatin plus gemcitabine for elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: West Japan Thoracic Oncology Group Trial (WJTOG) 2905. Aoki, T; Fukuoka, M; Hirashima, T; Ikeda, N; Ishiguro, T; Iwamoto, Y; Kawaguchi, T; Kotani, Y; Kurata, T; Nakagawa, K; Sawa, T; Tsuboi, M, 2012)	0.65
" The antitumor activity, different dosing sequences, and dosing regimens of TH-302 in combination with commonly used conventional chemotherapeutics were investigated in human tumor xenograft models."	( TH-302, a hypoxia-activated prodrug with broad in vivo preclinical combination therapy efficacy: optimization of dosing regimens and schedules. Ahluwalia, D; Ammons, WS; Baker, AF; Cranmer, LD; Curd, JG; Duan, JX; Ferraro, D; Hart, CP; Liu, Q; Matteucci, MD; Sun, JD; Wang, J; Wang, Y, 2012)	0.38
" Simultaneous administration of TH-302 and chemotherapeutics increased toxicity versus schedules with dosing separations."	( TH-302, a hypoxia-activated prodrug with broad in vivo preclinical combination therapy efficacy: optimization of dosing regimens and schedules. Ahluwalia, D; Ammons, WS; Baker, AF; Cranmer, LD; Curd, JG; Duan, JX; Ferraro, D; Hart, CP; Liu, Q; Matteucci, MD; Sun, JD; Wang, J; Wang, Y, 2012)	0.38
"In the current study, gemcitabine-docetaxel combination therapy at this dosage and schedule was found to be well tolerated and marginally effective, which could be considered as salvage therapy for patients with recurrent or refractory high-grade osteosarcoma."	( Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine-docetaxel combination therapy for recurrent or refractory high-grade osteosarcoma in China: a retrospective study of 18 patients. He, AN; Lin, F; Qi, WX; Shen, Z; Tang, LN; Yao, Y, 2012)	1
" Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, response rate, grade 3-4 toxicity, dosage modifications and CA 19-9 course."	( Second-line therapy for gemcitabine-pretreated advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer. Altwegg, R; Assenat, E; Caillo, L; Faure, S; Flori, N; Guillaumon, V; Mazard, T; Samalin, E; Senesse, P; Thezenas, S; Ychou, M, 2012)	0.69
" As it is simple, cheap and less time consuming, it can be suitably applied for the estimation of GMCT in dosage forms."	( Analytical detection and method development of anticancer drug Gemcitabine HCl using gold nanoparticles. Joshi, KV; Menon, SK; Mistry, BR; Patel, RV; Sutariya, PG, 2012)	0.62
" Fractionated dosing of cycle 1 allowed almost twice the radiation dose compared with single-dose radioimmunotherapy."	( Fractionated radioimmunotherapy with (90) Y-clivatuzumab tetraxetan and low-dose gemcitabine is active in advanced pancreatic cancer: A phase 1 trial. Bekaii-Saab, T; Gold, DV; Goldenberg, DM; Goldsmith, SJ; Guarino, MJ; Gulec, SA; Hall, N; Holt, M; Horne, H; Kauh, J; Lee, D; Manzone, T; Montero, AJ; O'Neil, BH; Ocean, AJ; Pennington, KL; Serafini, AN; Sheikh, A; Sung, MW; Wegener, WA, 2012)	0.61
" The optimal dosage and schedule of platinum-based doublet should be investigated in future prospective clinical trials."	( Doublet versus single cytotoxic agent as first-line treatment for elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. He, AN; Lin, F; Qi, WX; Shen, Z; Tang, LN; Yao, Y, 2012)	0.38
" IL-2 and GM-CSF were administered from day 4 to day 8 at a dosage of 2 MIU/m ( 2) and 100 μg, respectively."	( A pilot study of paclitaxel combined with gemcitabine followed by interleukin-2 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor for patients with metastatic melanoma. Ding, Y; Liao, Y; Peng, RQ; Zhang, X; Zhang, XS; Zheng, LM, 2012)	0.64
" Similar dose-response lapatinib experiments were conducted with varying concentrations of 5-FU or GEM and isobolograms were constructed to evaluate therapeutic synergy."	( Dual ErbB1 and ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition exerts synergistic effect with conventional chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer. Drebin, JA; Pippin, JA; Singla, S, 2012)	0.38
" However, optimal dosing schedule, including drug selection, number of cycles, and interval between chemotherapy and cystectomy, as well as acceptable regimens remain to be established."	( Efficacies and safety of neoadjuvant gemcitabine plus carboplatin followed by immediate cystectomy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer, including those unfit for cisplatin: a prospective single-arm study. Hashimoto, Y; Hatakeyama, S; Kamimura, N; Koie, T; Ohyama, C; Yamamoto, H; Yoneyama, T, 2013)	0.66
" However, rapid metabolism and shorter half-life of drug mandate higher dose and frequent dosing schedule which subsequently results into higher toxicity."	( Site specific/targeted delivery of gemcitabine through anisamide anchored chitosan/poly ethylene glycol nanoparticles: an improved understanding of lung cancer therapeutic intervention. Campbell, C; Dwivedi, P; Garg, NK; Tyagi, RK, 2012)	0.66
"The combination of AZD6244 plus gemcitabine is highly schedule dependent, and predicted to be more effective in the clinic using sequential rather than simultaneous dosing protocols."	( Sequence dependence of MEK inhibitor AZD6244 combined with gemcitabine for the treatment of biliary cancer. Cao, P; Chen, E; Green, DE; Hedley, DW; Ibrahimov, E; Knox, JJ; McNamara, MG; Metran-Nascente, C; Serra, S; Tsao, M; Vines, D; Xu, J, 2013)	0.92
" It exerted a stronger, quicker effect on the reduction of HEK293 cell growth in vitro in comparison with free GEM and had an in vivo antitumoral effect on the proliferation of xenograft tumors at a drug dosage tenfold less than its saline solution."	( Gemcitabine-loaded biocompatible nanocapsules for the effective treatment of human cancer. Celano, M; Cosco, D; Fresta, M; Moretti, S; Paolino, D; Puxeddu, E; Russo, D, 2013)	1.83
"Patients with advanced solid tumors received three weekly AVE1642 dosed at 6 mg/kg, chosen following previous study, with 75 (cohort A) or 100 mg/m(2) (B) docetaxel, 1250 mg/m(2) gemcitabine/100 mg erlotinib (C1), or 60 mg/m(2) doxorubicin (D1)."	( Phase I study of humanized monoclonal antibody AVE1642 directed against the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R), administered in combination with anticancer therapies to patients with advanced solid tumors. Bahleda, R; Blay, JY; Dieras, V; LoRusso, P; Macaulay, VM; Mery-Mignard, D; Middleton, MR; Protheroe, AS; Sessa, C; Soria, JC; Tolcher, A, 2013)	0.58
" Cisplatin and gemcitabine dosing regimens and clinical data were further summarized using weighted averages."	( Pooled analysis of clinical outcomes with neoadjuvant cisplatin and gemcitabine chemotherapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer. Pal, SK; Ruel, N; Vogelzang, N; Wilson, TG; Yuh, BE, 2013)	0.98
" Oral dosing of mice results in absorption of intact prodrug with slow systemic hydrolysis yielding higher plasma levels of LY2334737 than gemcitabine and prolonged gemcitabine exposure."	( Efficacy of low-dose oral metronomic dosing of the prodrug of gemcitabine, LY2334737, in human tumor xenografts. Dantzig, AH; Donoho, GP; Durland-Busbice, S; Perkins, EJ; Pratt, SE; Shepard, RL; Starling, JJ; Wickremsinhe, ER, 2013)	0.83
" The C max of gemcitabine produced by intravenous SL-01 was higher than that of gemcitabine dosed intravenously."	( Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of SL-01, a prodrug of gemcitabine, in rats. Li, G; Li, W; Li, Y; Qin, Y; Qu, X; Sun, C; Wang, R; Zhao, C, 2013)	1
"5mg) was escalated in a 3+3 design with standard gemcitabine dosing (1000 mg/m(2) IV Days 1, 8, and 15 of 28-day cycles)."	( A phase 1b study of trametinib, an oral Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor, in combination with gemcitabine in advanced solid tumours. Bellew, KM; Bendell, JC; Burris, HA; Cox, DS; Durante, M; Infante, JR; Jones, SF; Le, NT; Papadopoulos, KP; Park, JJ; Patnaik, A; Rasco, D; Smith, L; Tolcher, AW, 2013)	0.85
"Administration of trametinib at its full monotherapy dose of 2mg daily in combination with standard gemcitabine dosing (1000 mg/m(2) IV Days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days) was feasible."	( A phase 1b study of trametinib, an oral Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor, in combination with gemcitabine in advanced solid tumours. Bellew, KM; Bendell, JC; Burris, HA; Cox, DS; Durante, M; Infante, JR; Jones, SF; Le, NT; Papadopoulos, KP; Park, JJ; Patnaik, A; Rasco, D; Smith, L; Tolcher, AW, 2013)	0.82
" The toxicities observed at the 40 mg dose may require the development of alternative dosing schedules."	( Phase I study of oral gemcitabine prodrug (LY2334737) in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. Benhadji, KA; Makiuchi, T; Nokihara, H; Sekiguchi, R; Slapak, CA; Tamura, T; Uenaka, K; Yamada, Y; Yamamoto, N, 2013)	0.7
" For this concurrent treatment, a high dosage of gemcitabine and a short-term delay before HIFU are recommended to maximize the therapeutic effect."	( Pulsed high-intensity focused ultrasound enhances apoptosis of pancreatic cancer xenograft with gemcitabine. Choi, BI; Choi, Y; Han, JK; Kim, H; Lee, ES; Lee, JY; Park, J, 2013)	0.86
" The dosage of S-1 was based on the body surface area (BSA) as follows: 40 mg bid (total 80 mg/day) for a BSA of <1."	( Phase II trial of gemcitabine and S-1 for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Choi, DR; Han, B; Jang, G; Jeon, JY; Jung, JY; Kim, HJ; Kim, HS; Kim, HY; Kim, IG; Kim, JH; Kwon, JH; Park, CK; Song, H; Zang, DY, 2013)	0.72
"6%) while 5 patients had extended-interval dosage (17."	( Two-week combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine, high-dose folinic acid and 5 fluorouracil (GEMFUFOL) as first-line treatment of metastatic biliary tract cancers. Oztop, I; Unal, OU; Unek, IT; Yilmaz, AU, 2013)	0.66
" A total cisplatin dosage of 100 mg/cycle was administered on 2 days (50 mg/d on days 2 and 3) as an intravenous infusion."	( Feasibility of pre- and postoperative gemcitabine-plus-cisplatin systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of locally advanced urothelial carcinoma in kidney transplant patients. Wang, W; Wang, Y; Zhang, P; Zhang, XD, 2013)	0.66
"There is no optimal dosing schedule of gemcitabine (GEM) and cisplatin (CDDP) combination for cancer patients with renal failure (RF) on hemodialysis (HD)."	( Administration of gemcitabine and cisplatin in cancer patients with renal failure under hemodialysis. Chang, PY; Dai, MS; Ho, CL; Yao, NS, )	0.73
" The transport and enzymatic profiles of 5'-D-valyl-gemcitabine and 5'-D-phenylalanyl-gemcitabine suggest their potential for increased oral uptake and delayed enzymatic bioconversion as well as enhanced uptake and cytotoxic activity in cancer cells, would facilitate the development of oral dosage form for anti-cancer agents and, hence, improve the quality of life for the cancer patients."	( The development of orally administrable gemcitabine prodrugs with D-enantiomer amino acids: enhanced membrane permeability and enzymatic stability. Amidon, GL; Hilfinger, JM; Incecayir, T; Song, X; Tsume, Y, 2014)	0.92
" Dose-response curves were constructed, and the combination index (CI) for drug interaction was calculated."	( Dasatinib (BMS-35482) interacts synergistically with docetaxel, gemcitabine, topotecan, and doxorubicin in ovarian cancer cells with high SRC pathway activation and protein expression. Adams, DJ; Grace, L; Jia, J; Murphy, SK; Nixon, AB; Secord, AA; Teoh, D, 2014)	0.64
" Sorafenib was dosed orally 400 mg twice daily until progression, except during CRT when it was escalated from 200 mg to 400 mg daily, and 400 mg twice daily."	( Phase 1 pharmacogenetic and pharmacodynamic study of sorafenib with concurrent radiation therapy and gemcitabine in locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer. Akisik, FM; Anderson, S; Bu, G; Cardenes, HR; Chiorean, EG; Clark, R; Deluca, J; DeWitt, J; Helft, P; Johnson, CS; Johnston, EL; Loehrer, PJ; Perkins, SM; Sandrasegaran, K; Schneider, BP; Shahda, S; Spittler, AJ, 2014)	0.62
"2% of the patients developed side effects resulting in dosage reductions."	( Chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma in elderly patients (≥70 years of age): a retrospective cohort study at the National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg. Abel, U; Berger, AK; Harig, S; Jäger, D; Komander, C; Springfeld, C, )	0.13
" The degree to which biweekly dosing may present a more rationale schedule for this triplet should be evaluated further."	( A phase II study of gemcitabine, carboplatin and bevacizumab for the treatment of platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer. Callahan, MJ; Cobb, B; Cohn, DE; Copeland, LJ; Eisenhauer, EL; Fowler, JM; O'Malley, DM; Salani, R; Sutton, G; Zanagnolo, V, 2014)	0.73
"Patients with solid tumors for which gemcitabine was deemed an appropriate therapy were enrolled into one of two different dosing schedules (21-day dosing schedule: navitoclax administered orally on days 1-3 and 8-10,; and gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8; 28-day dosing schedule: navitoclax administrated orally on days 1-3, 8-10, and 15-17; and gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8 and 15)."	( A phase I clinical trial of navitoclax, a targeted high-affinity Bcl-2 family inhibitor, in combination with gemcitabine in patients with solid tumors. Busman, T; Cleary, JM; Franklin, C; Graham, A; Holen, K; Hurwitz, HI; Lima, CM; Mabry, M; Montero, AJ; Shapiro, GI; Uronis, H; Yang, J, 2014)	0.89
"Vatalanib treatment consisted of a twice daily oral dosing using a "ramp-up schedule," beginning with 250 mg bid during week 1,500 mg bid during week 2, and 750 mg bid on week three and thereafter."	( Phase II trial of vatalanib in patients with advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma after first-line gemcitabine therapy (PCRT O4-001). Baker, AF; Bolejack, V; Burris, H; Crowley, J; Dayyani, F; Dragovich, T; Hidalgo, M; Laheru, D; Raghunand, N; Ritch, P; Rosen, P; Seng, J; Smith, L; Von Hoff, DD, 2014)	0.61
" A stratified dosing strategy based on the relative CDA activity would increase efficiency."	( Selection of the best blood compartment to measure cytidine deaminase activity to stratify for optimal gemcitabine or cytarabine treatment. Ciccolini, J; Etienne-Grimaldi, MC; Giovannetti, E; Honeywell, RJ; Losekoot, N; Maulandi, M; Milano, G; Peters, GJ; Serdjebi, C, 2014)	0.62
" In particular, we focus on Abstract #4124, which investigated the potential predictive role of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) in patients treated with adjuvant gemcitabine for pancreatic cancer, on Abstract #4125, which examined the tolerability of a modified FOLFORINOX study based on UGT1A1*28 genotype guided dosing of IRI in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, and on Abstract #4130, which confirmed the predictive role of circulating tumor and invasive cells (CTICs) from patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer in second-line chemotherapy treatment setting."	( Pharmacogenetics in pancreatic cancer. Peponi, E; Saif, MW; Syrigos, KN; Tourkantonis, IS, 2014)	0.59
" Because tasisulam is highly albumin-bound, patients in the tumor-specific confirmation arms were dosed targeting specific albumin-corrected exposure ranges (AUCalb) identified during dose-escalation (3,500 h*μg/mL [75th percentile] for docetaxel, temozolomide, and cisplatin; 4,000 h*μg/mL for gemcitabine and erlotinib)."	( An innovative, multi-arm, complete phase 1b study of the novel anti-cancer agent tasisulam in patients with advanced solid tumors. Becerra, CR; Braiteh, F; Chen, J; Chow, KH; Conkling, PR; Garbo, L; Ilaria, R; Jotte, RM; Richards, DA; Robert-Vizcarrondo, F; Smith, DA; Stephenson, J; Tai, DF; Turner, PK; Von Hoff, DD, 2015)	0.59
"01 dosed at 1250 mg/m(2) on Days 1, 8, and 15 of a 4-week cycle."	( A phase II, open-label, multicenter study to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of CO-1.01 as second-line therapy for gemcitabine-refractory patients with stage IV pancreatic adenocarcinoma and negative tumor hENT1 expression. Allen, A; Bahary, N; Dragovich, T; Hosein, PJ; Laheru, D; LaValle, J; Li, D; Lowery, MA; O'Reilly, EM; Pant, S; Rolfe, L; Ryan, DP; Saif, MW; Yu, KH, )	0.34
" However, further sophisticated dosing and scheduling of combination chemotherapy are needed because of a significant proportion of dose reduction."	( Phase II study of gemcitabine and vinorelbine as second- or third-line therapy in patients with primary refractory or platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian and primary peritoneal cancer by the Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG)_KCSG GY10-10. Byun, JH; Hong, SH; Jung, KH; Kim, HG; Kim, HY; Kim, KH; Lee, HJ; Lee, NR; Lee, S; Lee, SC; Park, KH; Rha, SY; Woo, IS; Yun, J, 2015)	0.75
" Targeted therapies do not require any adjustment of the dosage in case of moderate or severe renal insufficiency but adapting the doses of biphosphonates to renal function is necessary."	( [Impact of lung cancer treatments on renal function]. Belaiche, S; Couraud, S; Moro-Sibilot, D; Sakhri, L; Toffart, AC, 2014)	0.4
" Continuous dosing of olaparib or combination with gemcitabine at doses >600 mg/m(2) was not considered to have an acceptable tolerability profile for further study."	( Phase I study of olaparib plus gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumours and comparison with gemcitabine alone in patients with locally advanced/metastatic pancreatic cancer. Bendell, J; Burke, W; Burris, H; Chau, I; Fielding, A; Hochster, H; Middleton, MR; O'Reilly, EM, 2015)	0.95
" We created the Johns Hopkins Hospital Dose Index to characterize chemotherapeutic dosing regimens and accurately assess sufficient neoadjuvant dosing regarding patient tolerance."	( Gemcitabine and cisplatin neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma: Predicting response and assessing outcomes. Baras, A; Berman, D; Bivalacqua, TJ; Eisenberger, M; Faraj, S; Gandhi, NM; Hahn, NM; Hoque, MO; Kates, M; Liu, JJ; Munari, E; Netto, GJ; Reis, LO; Schoenberg, MP, 2015)	1.86
" The tolerability profile demonstrated in the dose escalation schedule of lenalidomide suggests the dosing of lenalidomide to be 25 mg daily on days 1-21 with standard dosing of gemcitabine and merits further evaluation in a phase II trial."	( A phase I dose-escalation study of lenalidomide in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Liljefors, M; Rossmann, E; Ullenhag, GJ, 2015)	0.84
" Using genomic biomarkers, patients at high risk for developing side effects can be distinguished before initiating medical treatment, allowing the choice of an appropriate drug/initial dosage regimen."	( [Utilization of Genomic Biomarkers for Post-marketing Safety of Drugs]. Kaniwa, N, 2015)	0.42
" Busulfan dosing targeted 4000 μM-minute/day (days -8 to -5)."	( Vorinostat Combined with High-Dose Gemcitabine, Busulfan, and Melphalan with Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Refractory Lymphomas. Ahmed, S; Alousi, A; Anderlini, P; Andersson, BS; Bashir, Q; Champlin, R; Dabaja, B; Fanale, M; Gulbis, A; Hagemeister, F; Hosing, C; Jones, RB; Liu, Y; Nieto, Y; Oki, Y; Pinnix, C; Popat, U; Qazilbash, M; Shah, N; Shpall, EJ; Thall, PF; Valdez, BC, 2015)	0.69
" The first dose level (DL A) tested vorinostat as daily oral dosing from days 1 to 14."	( Phase I study of combination of vorinostat, carboplatin, and gemcitabine in women with recurrent, platinum-sensitive epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer. Berlin, S; Campos, S; Horowitz, N; Krasner, C; Lee, H; Liu, J; Matulonis, U; Obermayer, E; Penson, R; Whalen, C, 2015)	0.66
" Gemcitabine pharmacokinetics was determined with a two-compartment model after plasma dosing with an HPLC-UV method."	( Influence of infusion method on gemcitabine pharmacokinetics: a controlled randomized multicenter trial. Barthélémy, C; Décaudin, B; Hebbar, M; Lemahieu, N; Michel, P; Odou, P; Pinçon, C; Romano, O; Simon, N; Vasseur, M, 2015)	1.61
" We investigated if higher drug doses per kg LBM were associated with increased toxicity in stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving a first-line chemotherapy regimen dosed according to body surface area (BSA)."	( Low muscle mass is associated with chemotherapy-induced haematological toxicity in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Aass, N; Baracos, VE; Benth, JŠ; Fløtten, Ø; Grønberg, BH; Hjermstad, MJ; Jordhøy, M; Sjøblom, B, 2015)	0.42
" Dosage regimens were optimized as predicted by modeling and simulations, which would provide reference for preclinical study and translational research as well."	( Semi-Mechanism-Based Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model for the Combination Use of Dexamethasone and Gemcitabine in Breast Cancer. Hua, M; Ji, S; Li, L; Lu, W; Ren, Y; Wang, L; Yuan, Y; Zhou, S; Zhou, T; Zhou, X, 2015)	0.63
" The release time and dosage of GEM were precisely controlled via external voltage."	( Voltage/pH-Driven Mechanized Silica Nanoparticles for the Multimodal Controlled Release of Drugs. Fu, J; Sun, G; Wang, M; Wang, T; Zhou, B, 2015)	0.42
" The most common dosing regimen was gemcitabine 1250 mg/m(2) given on days 1 and 8 plus cisplatin 70 mg/m(2) on day 1 every 21 days, with some receiving gemcitabine at a dose of 1000 mg/m(2)."	( Tolerability of Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin for Treatment of Urothelial Cancer in the Elderly Population. Dolan, DE; Gupta, S; Jan, AS; Lombardi, K, 2016)	1.06
" It was dosed daily with gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 and 15) and cisplatin (70 mg/m2 on day 2) every 28 days."	( Results from a Phase I Study of Lapatinib with Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Advanced or Metastatic Bladder Cancer: EORTC Trial 30061. Agerbaek, M; Cerbone, L; Collette, S; Daugaard, G; Marreaud, S; Sengeløv, L; Sternberg, CN; Van Herpen, C; Zhang, J, 2016)	0.99
" In addition, gemcitabine increased the elimination rate of the ABCG2 substrate, D-luciferin, and decreased D-luciferin accumulation in BxPC3 and Panc1 cells in a dose-response manner."	( Gemcitabine upregulates ABCG2/BCRP and modulates the intracellular pharmacokinetic profiles of bioluminescence in pancreatic cancer cells. Gu, M; Li, F; Liu, J; Sun, Y; Wei, Y; Xiong, Y; Zhu, L, 2016)	2.24
" A prospective study should be performed to examine whether dosage adjustment using neutropenia grade as an indicator would improve prognosis."	( Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia as a prognostic factor in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. Ishii, M; Kitamura, K; Kiuchi, Y; Kogo, M; Kurihara, T; Shimada, K; Shimizu, S; Yoneyama, K; Yoshida, H, 2015)	0.42
" The best combination efficacy occurred when LY2603618 was given 24 h following dosing with gemcitabine."	( LY2603618, a selective CHK1 inhibitor, enhances the anti-tumor effect of gemcitabine in xenograft tumor models. Barda, D; Barnard, D; Beckmann, R; Burke, T; Diaz, HB; Donoho, G; Jones, B; King, C; Marshall, M, 2016)	0.89
" Functional assays addressed pharmacological dose-response effects in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and pancreatic cancer cell lines (including upon RNAi), gene expression analyses, and allele-specific transcription factor binding."	( Relevance of Sp Binding Site Polymorphism in WWOX for Treatment Outcome in Pancreatic Cancer. Bockhorn, M; Brockmöller, J; Gaedcke, J; Ghadimi, BM; Güngör, C; Hackert, T; Hank, T; Haubrock, M; Izbicki, JR; Johnsen, SA; Lüske, CM; Pflüger, R; Rapp, J; Roppel, S; Schaudinn, A; Schirmer, MA; Strobel, O; Werner, J; Zimmer, C, 2016)	0.43
"The addition of erlotinib to gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel is not tolerable at standard single-agent dosing of all drugs."	( A phase 1b study of erlotinib in combination with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel in patients with previously untreated advanced pancreatic cancer: an Academic Oncology GI Cancer Consortium study. Ames, P; Berlin, J; Catalano, PM; Cohen, SJ; Davies, A; Horan, J; Leichman, L; McKinley, M; O'Neil, BH; Weekes, CD, 2016)	0.98
"Two primary human pancreatic cancer xenograft lines were dosed metronomically with gemcitabine or DC101 weekly."	( The differential effects of metronomic gemcitabine and antiangiogenic treatment in patient-derived xenografts of pancreatic cancer: treatment effects on metabolism, vascular function, cell proliferation, and tumor growth. Buczkowski, AK; Chung, SW; Kozlowski, P; Kyle, AH; Minchinton, AI; Ng, SS; Owen, DA; Scudamore, CH; Tso, J; Valdez, SM; Wong, MQ; Yapp, DT; Yung, A, 2016)	0.93
" The reproducibility, repeatability, and applicability of the analysis to pharmaceutical dosage forms and human serum samples were also examined."	( Electrochemical DNA biosensor based on poly(2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid) modified glassy carbon electrode for the determination of anticancer drug gemcitabine. Pekyardımcı, Ş; Tığ, GA; Zeybek, B, 2016)	0.63
" Enoxaparin was started at a therapeutic, renally adjusted dosage of 60 mg subcutaneously once daily after the patient's hematomas resolved and hemoglobin level stabilized."	( Evidence of a clinically significant interaction between warfarin and intravesical gemcitabine. Feuz, L; Gee, ME; Krajewski, KC; Kurtzhalts, K, 2016)	0.66
" Additionally, MTX-GEM ASMP-NPs could achieve the same anticancer effect with the greatly reduced dosage compared with the free drugs according to the dose-reduction index (DRI) values of MTX and GEM in MTX-GEM ASMP-NPs, which may be beneficial for reducing the side effects."	( Self-Delivery Nanoparticles of Amphiphilic Methotrexate-Gemcitabine Prodrug for Synergistic Combination Chemotherapy via Effect of Deoxyribonucleotide Pools. Hu, M; Huang, P; Huang, W; Wang, Y; Yan, D; Zhu, X, 2016)	0.68
"In this study, we investigated the dosage effect of gemcitabine, an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase (RR), on cellular levels of ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides using high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric method."	( Profiling ribonucleotide and deoxyribonucleotide pools perturbed by gemcitabine in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Chang, ZF; Chen, QQ; Guo, JR; Lam, CW; Wang, CY; Wong, VK; Zhang, W, 2016)	0.92
" In the S/P arm, patients were treated orally with sorafenib continuous dosing at two dose levels (DL1: 200 mg twice daily and DL2: 400 mg twice daily) combined with plitidepsin (1."	( Phase I dose-escalation study of plitidepsin in combination with sorafenib or gemcitabine in patients with refractory solid tumors or lymphomas. Alfaro, V; Aspeslagh, S; Bahleda, R; Extremera, S; Fudio, S; Gyan, E; Hollebecque, A; Salles, G; Soria, JC; Soto-Matos, A; Stein, M, 2017)	0.68
" Electronic pharmacy records were used to abstract information on the type, length, and dosage of statin exposures starting in the year prior to diagnosis."	( Influence of Statins and Cholesterol on Mortality Among Patients With Pancreatic Cancer. Chang, JI; Huang, BZ; Li, E; Wu, BU; Xiang, AH, 2017)	0.46
" For GEM conjugates, triple doses with dosage 5 mg/kg were given on days 0, 7, and 14 (q7dx3), whereas a single dose regime with 20 mg/kg was applied on day 0 for PTX conjugates treatment."	( Backbone Degradable N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide Copolymer Conjugates with Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel: Impact of Molecular Weight on Activity toward Human Ovarian Carcinoma Xenografts. Fang, Y; Kopeček, J; Li, Y; Pan, H; Yang, J; Zhang, L; Zhang, R, 2017)	0.68
" The GnRH-R agonistic potential of GSG was investigated by quantifying the testosterone levels in animals dosed daily with GSG, while an in vitro colony forming assay together with in vivo whole blood measurements were performed to elucidate the hematotoxicity profile of GSG."	( Gemcitabine Based Peptide Conjugate with Improved Metabolic Properties and Dual Mode of Efficacy. Argyros, O; Fokas, D; Karampelas, T; Skavatsou, E; Tamvakopoulos, C, 2017)	1.9
" Twelve patients received weekly dosing at 60 to 100 mg/m²."	( Universal tolerance of nab-paclitaxel for gynecologic malignancies in patients with prior taxane hypersensitivity reactions. Mahdi, H; Maurer, K; Michener, C; Rose, PG, 2017)	0.46
" This study illustrates that co-encapsulation in a single carrier is not always desirable for the delivery of drug combinations, when the activity depends on the dosing sequence."	( Mixed Liposome Approach for Ratiometric and Sequential Delivery of Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine. Liu, Y; Tamam, H; Yeo, Y, 2018)	0.71
"Unintentional passive diffusion of conventional small molecular weight pharmaceuticals across intact membranes of normal healthy cells in tissues and organ systems induces sequelae that limit therapeutic dosage and duration of administration."	( Selectively Targeted Anti-Neoplastic Cytotoxicity of Three Immunopharmaceuticals with Covalently Bound Fludarabine, Gemcitabine and Dexamethasone Moieties Synthesized Utilizing Organic Chemistry Reactions in a Multi-Stage Regimen. Coyne, CP; Narayanan, L, 2018)	0.69
"2 g/m2 and carboplatin AUC 5 dosing schedule."	( Gemcitabine and carboplatin in metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer: Experience from a tertiary cancer center in South India. Devika, T; Dubashi, B; Kayal, S; Kumar, R; Shewade, DG, )	1.57
" However, a clinically available therapeutic regimen for this compound needs to be established and its functional mechanisms in relation to the dosing schedule need to be clarified."	( Analysis of the prolonged infusion of DFP-10917, a deoxycytidine analog, as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human tumor xenografts in vivo. Eshima, K; Fukushima, M; Iizuka, K; Jin, C; Zhang, C, 2018)	0.48
" However, the full potential of this drug has not been realised, in part due to low oral bioavailability and frequent dosing requirements."	( N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles and CSKSSDYQC peptide: N-trimethyl chitosan conjugates enhance the oral bioavailability of gemcitabine to treat breast cancer. Chen, G; Huang, Y; Lu, W; Svirskis, D; Wen, J; Ying, M, 2018)	0.69
" Alternatively, the concept of prior dosing allows for the application of dialyzable chemotherapeutic drugs using a normal dose, with an HD followed shortly after to mimic normal renal function."	( Chemotherapeutic agents eligible for prior dosing in pancreatic cancer patients requiring hemodialysis: a systematic review . Egger, J; Hann, A; Hermann, PC; Keller, F; Nosalski, E; Seufferlein, T, 2018)	0.48
" We tapered off the opioid analgesia dosage because the cancer pain was relieved after 1 course."	( [A Case of Successful Treatment with Gemcitabine plus Nab-Paclitaxel Therapy for Nonresected Pancreatic Body Cancer(Stage IVb)]. Endo, T; Hasegawa, K; Isogai, J; Kamiya, A; Kaneko, J; Kobayashi, K; Kondoh, I; Maejima, K; Maejima, S; Takatsuno, Y, 2018)	0.75
" The application of multidrug combination and adjuvant-drug carriers is a feasible strategy to overcome the limitations while minimizing the dosage of single drug and acquiring the synergistic effects in tumor therapy."	( Co-delivery of paclitaxel and gemcitabine by methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide-coglycolide)-polypeptide nanoparticles for effective breast cancer therapy. Dong, S; Duan, Y; Guo, Y; Li, Z; Ma, M; Niu, L; Shi, Y; Wang, C; Wang, N; Zhang, M, 2018)	0.77
"A retrospective analysis of gemcitabine dosage prepared over three months permitted to explain our consumption of this drug, and by modelling, to characterize the good prescription interval for each dosage."	( [Comparative costs study between ready-to-administer bag of gemcitabine and production in reconstitution unit]. Lortal, B; Pouplin, M, )	0.67
" Structure-based modification of mifepristone led to the discovery of ORIC-101 (28), a highly potent steroidal GR antagonist with reduced androgen receptor (AR) agonistic activity amenable for dosing in androgen receptor positive tumors and with improved CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 inhibition profile to minimize drug-drug interaction potential."	( Discovery of a Potent and Selective Steroidal Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonist (ORIC-101). Chen, C; Du, X; Eksterowicz, J; Fantin, VR; Huang, E; Huang, T; Jackson, E; Jahchan, N; Kawai, H; McGee, LR; Medina, JC; Rew, Y; Sun, D; Sutimantanapi, D; Waszczuk, J; Yan, X; Ye, Q; Zavorotinskaya, T; Zhou, H; Zhu, L, 2018)	0.48
" During the treatment, morphine dosage kept the same or decreased in 20 patients (47."	( KML001, an arsenic compound, as salvage chemotherapy in refractory biliary tract cancers: A prospective study. Bang, S; Chung, MJ; Jo, JH; Kang, H; Lee, HS; Park, JY; Park, SW; Song, SY, 2019)	0.51
" However, efforts to seize the normalization window have constrained the development of vascular normalization therapy in clinical applications owing to the lack of circulating biomarkers and the tedious dosage regimes."	( Attempts to strengthen and simplify the tumor vascular normalization strategy using tumor vessel normalization promoting nanomedicines. Du, S; Lu, Y; Xiong, H; Xu, C; Yao, J, 2019)	0.51
" The approach consisted of building a translational model combining pre-clinical pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) models and parameters, with dosing paradigms used in the clinics along with clinical PK models to derive tumour profiles in humans driving overall survival."	( Translational Framework Predicting Tumour Response in Gemcitabine-Treated Patients with Advanced Pancreatic and Ovarian Cancer from Xenograft Studies. Garcia-Cremades, M; Iversen, PW; Pitou, C; Troconiz, IF, 2019)	0.76
"The dose escalation, confirmation, and expansion results support the dosing of merestinib at 120 mg once daily, based on acceptable exposure and safety at this dose."	( First-in-Human Phase I Study of Merestinib, an Oral Multikinase Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Cancer. Birnbaum, A; Cohen, RB; Denlinger, CS; Giles, J; He, AR; Hwang, J; Lewis, N; Moser, B; Mynderse, M; Niland, M; Plimack, ER; Sama, A; Sato, T; Walgren, R; Wallin, J; Zhang, W, 2019)	0.51
" The dosing used in this trial is described in the qualifying statements, while it should be noted that the dose of capecitabine may also be determined by institutional and regional practices."	( Adjuvant Therapy for Resected Biliary Tract Cancer: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline. Bachini, M; Bekaii-Saab, T; Crane, C; Edeline, J; El-Khoueiry, A; Feng, M; Katz, MHG; Kennedy, EB; Maithel, SK; Primrose, J; Shroff, RT; Soares, HP; Valle, J, 2019)	0.51
" Patients received vantictumab at escalating doses in combination with standard dosing of nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine according to a 3 + 3 design."	( A phase 1b dose escalation study of Wnt pathway inhibitor vantictumab in combination with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with previously untreated metastatic pancreatic cancer. Berlin, J; Cardin, DB; Cohen, SJ; Davis, SL; Dotan, E; Kapoun, AM; Lenz, HJ; Messersmith, WA; O'Neil, BH; Shahda, S; Stagg, RJ, 2020)	0.98
"Galunisertib 300 mg/day was given orally as intermittent dosing and gemcitabine as per label."	( Population pharmacokinetics and exposure-overall survival analysis of the transforming growth factor-β inhibitor galunisertib in patients with pancreatic cancer. Benhadji, KA; Cleverly, A; Gueorguieva, I; Lahn, MM; Macarulla, T; Melisi, D; Merz, V; Miles, C; Tabernero, J; Waterhouse, TH, 2019)	0.75
"This analysis suggests that 300 mg/day galunisertib administered as 150 mg twice daily for 14 days on/14 days off treatment is an appropriate dosing regimen for patients with pancreatic cancer."	( Population pharmacokinetics and exposure-overall survival analysis of the transforming growth factor-β inhibitor galunisertib in patients with pancreatic cancer. Benhadji, KA; Cleverly, A; Gueorguieva, I; Lahn, MM; Macarulla, T; Melisi, D; Merz, V; Miles, C; Tabernero, J; Waterhouse, TH, 2019)	0.51
" ExoGEM treatment, in tumor-bearing mice, significantly suppressed tumor growth, with prolonged survival in a dose-response manner, but caused minimal damage to normal tissues."	( Gemcitabine loaded autologous exosomes for effective and safe chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer. Cai, JX; Hu, XB; Li, YJ; Wang, JM; Wu, JY; Xiang, DX, 2020)	2
" In this study, we established two stable multidrug-resistant cell lines, BxPC-3-GR and CFPAC-1-GR, from their corresponding parental cells through exposure to GEM following a stepwise incremental dosing strategy."	( Identification of chemoresistance-related mRNAs based on gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines. Ding, Y; Ge, W; Huang, Y; Kong, Y; Wang, W; Yan, Y; Zhang, L; Zheng, H; Zhou, J; Zhou, X; Zhu, W, 2020)	0.8
" A dose-response study indicates that GT DcNP provided a therapeutic index of ~15."	( Novel drug combination nanoparticles exhibit enhanced plasma exposure and dose-responsive effects on eliminating breast cancer lung metastasis. Griffin, JI; Ho, RJY; McConnachie, LA; Mu, Q; Wu, Y; Yu, J; Zhu, L, 2020)	0.56
"The gemcitabine (GEM)-carboplatin (CBDCA) combination is widely used for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has some efficacy in elderly patients; however, a high incidence of thrombocytopenia is observed, and the optimal dosage and administration schedules are unknown."	( Phase II Study on Biweekly Combination Therapy of Gemcitabine plus Carboplatin for the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Akamine, S; Ebi, N; Ichiki, M; Matsumoto, T; Nakanishi, Y; Takayama, K; Tokunaga, S; Uchino, J; Yamada, T, 2020)	1.37
" Most remarkably, drug loaded coaxial fibers, particularly doxorubicin-containing fibers, had higher anticancer effect in vivo compared to systemic injection of equivalent dosage of the drugs."	( Coaxial mussel-inspired biofibers: making of a robust and efficacious depot for cancer drug delivery. Foroughi, J; Kim, SC; Shim, IK; Spinks, GM; Talebian, S; Vine, KL, 2020)	0.56
" On the basis of preclinical data, sequential dosing was evaluated in cohort 4 (ipafricept day 1 followed nab-paclitaxel + gemcitabine day 3)."	( Phase Ib Study of Wnt Inhibitor Ipafricept with Gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel in Patients with Previously Untreated Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer. Astsaturov, I; Brachmann, RK; Cardin, DB; Cohen, SJ; Denlinger, CS; Dotan, E; Kapoun, AM; Lenz, HJ; Messersmith, W; O'Neil, B; Shahda, S; Stagg, RJ; Uttamsingh, S; Weekes, C, 2020)	1.02
" Anti-PanC efficacy of single agents vs combination in the three tumor explants, both at the end of active dosing regimen and following a drug-washout phase were compared."	( Bitter melon juice intake with gemcitabine intervention circumvents resistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic patient-derived xenograft tumors. Agarwal, C; Agarwal, R; Bagby, SM; Dhar, D; Kumar, D; Messersmith, WA; Orlicky, DJ; Pitts, TM; Raina, K; Wempe, MF, 2020)	0.84
" Whereas reductions of NTx dosage was more common in elderly patients in comparison 1 (p = 0."	( Neoadjuvant therapy in elderly patients receiving FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel for borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic cancer is feasible and lead to a similar oncological outcome compared to non-aged patients - Results of the Ceyhan, GO; Damm, M; Kordes, M; Maggino, L; Moir, J; Rosendahl, J; Schorn, S; Weniger, M, 2020)	0.8
" Attempts to improve the dosing regimen of gemcitabine were aimed at maximising the intracellular gemcitabine triphosphate concentrations."	( Intracellular Pharmacokinetics of Pyrimidine Analogues used in Oncology and the Correlation with Drug Action. Beijnen, JH; Derissen, EJB, 2020)	0.82
"Results of this Phase Ib trial indicate that PG-11047 can be safely administered to patients in combination with bevacizumab, erlotinib, cisplatin, and 5-FU on the once weekly dosing schedule described and may provide therapeutic benefit."	( A Phase Ib multicenter, dose-escalation study of the polyamine analogue PG-11047 in combination with gemcitabine, docetaxel, bevacizumab, erlotinib, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, or sunitinib in patients with advanced solid tumors or lymphoma. Becerra, CHR; Boyd, TE; Casero, RA; Conkling, PR; Fitzgerald, M; Garbo, LE; Jotte, RM; Marton, LJ; Murray Stewart, T; Richards, DA; Smith, DA; Stephenson, JJ; Vogelzang, NJ; Von Hoff, D; Wu, HH, 2021)	0.84
" Protocol variability and dosage differences limit statistical interpretation."	( Nephron-sparing management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Farrow, JM; Gryzinski, GM; Kern, SQ; Sundaram, CP, 2021)	0.62
"Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies improve the design of dosing regimens in preclinical and clinical settings."	( New In Vitro-In Silico Approach for the Prediction of In Vivo Performance of Drug Combinations. Correia, C; Ferreira, A; Lapa, R; Santos, J; Urtti, A; Vale, N; Yliperttula, M, 2021)	0.62
" Accurate assessment of renal function is indispensable for determining cisplatin dosing to enhance the safety and effectiveness of cisplatin."	( Evaluation of renal function using cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with urothelial carcinoma treated with gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy. Hamada, S; Kadowaki, D; Miyamura, S; Nishimura, F; Oniki, K; Saruwatari, J; Ushijima, T, 2021)	0.82
" This approach has proven its efficacy, although drug dosing and scheduling are often chosen empirically."	( Minimal PK/PD model for simultaneous description of the maximal tolerated dose and metronomic treatment outcomes in mouse tumor models. Bogdanov, AA; Chubenko, VA; Klimenko, VV; Knyazev, NA; Moiseyenko, VM; Terterov, IN, 2021)	0.62
" Chemotherapy dosing based on body composition, rather than conventional anthropometric measures, may be effective in reducing treatment toxicity."	( An exploratory study of body composition as a predictor of dose-limiting toxicity in metastatic pancreatic cancer treated with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel. Chambers, C; Chen, A; Eurich, DT; Ha, V; McCall, M; Sawyer, MB; Youn, S, 2021)	0.83
" Berzosertib plus cisplatin with gemcitabine was associated with significantly higher hematologic toxicities despite attenuated dosing of cisplatin with gemcitabine."	( Effect of Cisplatin and Gemcitabine With or Without Berzosertib in Patients With Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. Cui, Y; Dreicer, R; Emamekhoo, H; Frankel, PH; Hoimes, C; Kim, WY; Lara, PN; Lyou, Y; Michaelson, D; Milowsky, M; Mortazavi, A; Newman, E; Pal, SK; Parikh, M; Parikh, R; Srinivas, S; Teply, B; Vaishampayan, U; Weng, P; Zhang, T, 2021)	1.21
"A retrospective, multicenter study was conducted on 64 CTCL and BPDCN patients treated with gemcitabine in average absolute dosage of 1,800 mg/m2 per cycle, which is 50% lower compared to standard dosage of 3,600 mg/m2 per cycle (1,200 mg/m2 day 1, 8, 15)."	( Clinical Outcomes of Advanced-Stage Cutaneous Lymphoma under Low-Dose Gemcitabine Treatment: Real-Life Data from the German Cutaneous Lymphoma Network. Assaf, C; Blazejak, C; Gambichler, T; Gosman, J; Klemke, CD; Nicolay, JP; Olk, J; Stadler, R; Stendel, S; Stranzenbach, R; Wehkamp, U; Weyermann, M; Wobser, M, 2022)	1.18
" The traditional dosing schedule of GA is days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle."	( Dosing Schedules of Gemcitabine and nab-Paclitaxel for Older Adults With Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer. Dotan, E; Handorf, E; Winer, A, 2021)	0.94
" Patients were grouped by dosing at treatment initiation (traditional vs modified dosing schedules)."	( Dosing Schedules of Gemcitabine and nab-Paclitaxel for Older Adults With Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer. Dotan, E; Handorf, E; Winer, A, 2021)	0.94
"In this real-world cohort, treatment of older mPDAC patients with a modified dosing schedule of GA resulted in shorter TOT and worse OS vs a traditional dosing schedule."	( Dosing Schedules of Gemcitabine and nab-Paclitaxel for Older Adults With Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer. Dotan, E; Handorf, E; Winer, A, 2021)	0.94
" We developed dosage guidelines to dose modify gem and nab without granulocyte colony-stimulating factors."	( Use of Chambers, CR; Chen, A; Ghosh, S; Ha, VH; Sawyer, MB, 2022)	0.72
" Besides these two strategies, physiologically based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK models) are also the key for predicting drug distribution based on physiological data, which is very important for personalized medicine, so that the correct drug and dosage regimen can be administered according to each patient's physiology."	( Two Possible Strategies for Drug Modification of Gemcitabine and Future Contributions to Personalized Medicine. Pereira, M; Vale, N, 2022)	0.98
"The aim of our retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of a continuous therapy with a lower dosage of gemcitabine compared to those usually administered in patients with cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL)."	( Continuous low-dose gemcitabine in primary cutaneous T cell lymphoma: A retrospective study. Bianchi, L; Cantonetti, M; Di Raimondo, C; Meconi, F; Monopoli, A; Narducci, MG; Nunzi, A; Rapisarda, V; Scala, E; Tesei, C; Vaccarini, S; Zizzari, A, 2022)	1.26
"Of 23 patients in the intention-to-treat population (11 in Arm 1, 12 in Arm 2), 20 completed both dosing cycles of TAR-200."	( The safety, tolerability, and efficacy of a neoadjuvant gemcitabine intravesical drug delivery system (TAR-200) in muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients: a phase I trial. Aron, M; Brummelhuis, ISG; Chau, A; Cutie, CJ; Daneshmand, S; Keegan, KA; Maffeo, JC; Pohar, KS; Raybold, B; Reynolds, DL; Steinberg, GD; Witjes, JA, 2022)	0.97
" Selumetinib was dosed at 75 mg BID but amended to 50 mg BID due to toxicity."	( Randomised, Phase II study of selumetinib, an oral inhibitor of MEK, in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine chemotherapy for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer. Chen, E; DeLuca, S; Dhani, N; Doherty, MK; Hedley, D; Jang, R; Knox, JJ; McNamara, MG; O'Kane, GM; Pedutem, T; Sim, HW; Tam, VC; Tang, P; Wang, L, 2022)	0.94
"During treatment, the dosage of sintilimab was halved in 2 patients due to adverse reactions."	( Clinical Study of Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy Combined with Gemcitabine Chemotherapy in Multiline Treatment of Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. Du, S; Fan, L; Li, Y; Liu, Y; Wang, J, 2022)	0.97
" The dosing period was 23."	( [GEM plus CDDP Combination Therapy for Unresectable Biliary Tract Cancer-A Single Institution Experience]. Aoyama, S; Hata, T; Hiraki, M; Ikeshima, R; Katsura, Y; Katsuyama, S; Kihara, Y; Kinoshita, M; Masuzawa, T; Muneta, M; Murata, K; Ohmura, Y; Shinke, G; Sugimura, K; Takeda, Y, 2023)	0.91
" These findings provide critical information for clinical research on DBD as an adjuvant for NSCLC with gemcitabine and help make potential dosage adjustments more scientifically and rationally."	( Gemcitabine enhances pharmacokinetic exposure of the major components of Danggui Buxue Decoction in rat via the promotion of intestinal permeability and down-regulation of CYP3A for combination treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Chang, M; Cheng, TT; Hang, TJ; Hu, ZL; Song, M; Sun, XY; Xu, X, 2023)	2.57