Target type: biologicalprocess
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine. [GOC:ai]
The aspartate family amino acid biosynthetic process is a crucial metabolic pathway responsible for generating essential amino acids, including aspartate, lysine, threonine, methionine, and isoleucine. This intricate process begins with the precursor molecule aspartate, a non-essential amino acid synthesized from oxaloacetate in the citric acid cycle.
Aspartate serves as a starting point for the synthesis of several other amino acids. Lysine, a vital amino acid required for protein synthesis, is generated through a series of complex enzymatic reactions involving dihydrodipicolinate synthase, dihydrodipicolinate reductase, and other key enzymes.
Threonine, another essential amino acid involved in protein synthesis, collagen formation, and immune function, is produced from aspartate through a two-step process involving aspartate kinase and homoserine dehydrogenase. Methionine, an essential amino acid crucial for protein synthesis, sulfur metabolism, and the formation of essential compounds like S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), is generated through a multi-step pathway starting with aspartate.
Isoleucine, an essential branched-chain amino acid essential for protein synthesis and muscle growth, is synthesized through a complex pathway that utilizes pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, and aspartate as precursors. The aspartate family amino acid biosynthetic process is tightly regulated by feedback mechanisms, ensuring the precise control of amino acid production based on cellular requirements.
This intricate pathway relies on a complex interplay of enzymes, co-factors, and metabolic intermediates, ensuring the availability of essential amino acids for various physiological processes. The proper functioning of this pathway is critical for growth, development, and overall cellular homeostasis.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1 | A bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1 that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P00561] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| glutamic acid | glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. | glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical |
| beta-aminoglutaric acid | 3-aminoglutaric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source isoglutamic acid : A 1,5-dicarboxylic acid compound having a 3-amino substituent. It has been isolated from the extracts of the algae, Chondria armata. | dicarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; marine metabolite |