mycophenolic acid

Research Excerpts

Overview

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressive agent commonly used after organ transplantation. MPA is an inhibitor of inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase, expressed in lymphocytes.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a potent inhibitor of IMPDHs."	( Structure-activity relationships for inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and differentiation induction of K562 cells among the mycophenolic acid derivatives. Iwamori, K; Mitsuhashi, S; Nakajima, N; Takenaka, J; Ubukata, M, 2010)	1.28
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressive agent commonly used after organ transplantation. "	( Diabetes mellitus reduces activity of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 in liver and kidney leading to decreased formation of mycophenolic acid acyl-glucuronide metabolite. Akhlaghi, F; Court, MH; Dostalek, M; Hazarika, S, 2011)	2.02
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a common immunosuppressive drug for kidney transplantation patients, and is characterized by a narrow therapeutic index and significant individual variability. UGTs are the main enzymes responsible for the metabolism of MPA. "	( Effect of Hu, N; Jiang, Z, 2021)	2.06
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a widely used immunosuppressant in transplantation and autoimmune disease. "	( Recent lessons learned from population pharmacokinetic studies of mycophenolic acid: physiological, genomic, and drug interactions leading to the prediction of drug effects. Kiang, TKL; Patel, V; Rong, Y, 2021)	2.3
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an occurring antibiotic produced through Penicillium brevicompactum. "	( Enhanced Production of Mycophenolic Acid from Penicillium brevicompactum via Optimized Fermentation Strategy. Bilal, M; Li, M; Li, X; Wu, Q; Yang, Y; Zhang, J, 2022)	2.47
"• Mycophenolic acid is an inhibitor of inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase, expressed in lymphocytes; therefore, MMF could impair the immune system function."	( Mycophenolate mofetil-induced hypogammaglobulinemia and infectious disease susceptibility in pediatric patients with chronic rheumatic disorders: a monocentric retrospective study. Azzari, C; Barbati, F; Canessa, C; Ferrara, G; Lodi, L; Maccora, I; Marrani, E; Mastrolia, MV; Ricci, S; Simonini, G; Volpi, B, 2022)	1.28
"Mycophenolic acid (MP) is an active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil, a widely used immunosuppressive drug. "	( Structural Basis of the Change in the Interaction Between Mycophenolic Acid and Subdomain IIA of Human Serum Albumin During Renal Failure. Kawai, A; Kuyama, K; Nishi, K; Otagiri, M; Teshima, H; Tsukigawa, K; Yamasaki, K; Yukizawa, R, 2023)	2.6
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressant that is used as an adjunct therapy in renal, liver, and heart transplantation. "	( Quantitation of Mycophenolic Acid and Mycophenolic Acid Glucuronide in Serum or Plasma by LC-MS/MS. Frazee, C; Garg, U; Munar, A, 2023)	2.7
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressant commonly prescribed in pediatric kidney transplantation to prevent graft rejection. "	( Significant Effects of Renal Function on Mycophenolic Acid Total Clearance in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients with Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Hamiwka, L; Kiang, TKL; Rong, Y; Wichart, J, 2023)	2.62
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a potent natural product inhibitor of fungal and other eukaryotic inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenases (IMPDHs) originally isolated from spoiled corn silage. "	( A structural determinant of mycophenolic acid resistance in eukaryotic inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenases. Freedman, R; Hedstrom, L; Sarkis, AW; Yu, R, 2020)	2.29
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressive agent commonly prescribed during posttransplant periods for the prevention of acute and chronic rejection following organ transplantation. "	( Mycophenolic Acid and Its Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interactions in Humans: Review of the Evidence and Clinical Implications. Benjanuwattra, J; Koonrungsesomboon, N; Pruksakorn, D, 2020)	3.44
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a noncompetitive inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) and approved for prophylaxis of acute rejection after kidney, heart, and liver transplantation, where it has become a part of the standard therapy."	( Effect of mycophenolic acid on inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) activity in liver transplant patients. Böhnisch, S; Gotthardt, D; Mehrabi, A; Metzendorf, N; Neuberger, M; Rupp, C; Sommerer, C; Stremmel, W; Weiss, KH; Zeier, M, 2020)	1.68
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressant commonly used to prevent renal transplant rejection and treat glomerulonephritis. "	( Interindividual Variability in Lymphocyte Stimulation and Transcriptomic Response Predicts Mycophenolic Acid Sensitivity in Healthy Volunteers. Cheng, YH; Collins, KS; Dagher, PC; Dollins, MD; Eadon, MT; Ferreira, RM; Gao, H; Janosevic, D; Khan, NA; White, C, 2020)	2.22
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a commonly used immunosuppressant in this setting."	( Lack of concordance between EMIT assay and LC-MS/MS for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Mycophenolic Acid: Potential increased risk for graft rejection? Antonucci, M; Benagli, C; Cantù, M; D'Avolio, A; De Nicolò, A; Della Bruna, R; Ianniello, A; Keller, F, 2020)	1.5
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a standard immunosuppressant in organ transplantation. "	( Inosine 5'-Monophosphate Dehydrogenase Activity for the Longitudinal Monitoring of Mycophenolic Acid Treatment in Kidney Allograft Recipients. Bachmann, F; Budde, K; Eckardt, KU; Friedersdorff, F; Gaedeke, J; Glander, P; Hambach, P; Kron, S; Liefeldt, L; Lorkowski, C; Mai, M; Neumayer, HH; Peters, R; Rudolph, B; Schmidt, D; Waiser, J; Wu, K, 2021)	2.29
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an effective oral immunosuppressive drug used to treat lupus nephritis (LN), which exhibits large pharmacokinetic variability. "	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in Mexican patients with lupus nephritis. Abud-Mendoza, C; Martínez-Martínez, MU; Medellín-Garibay, SE; Milán-Segovia, RDC; Reséndiz-Galván, JE; Romano-Aguilar, M; Romano-Moreno, S, 2020)	2.29
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressor commonly used in transplantation, and its effect on DCs has not been fully investigated."	( Mycophenolic acid interferes the transcriptional regulation and protein trafficking of maturation surface markers in dendritic cells. Bestard, O; Cerezo, G; Cruzado, JM; Fontova, P; Grinyó, JM; Llaudó, I; Lloberas, N; Manzano, A; Rama, I; Torras, J; Vidal-Alabró, A, 2021)	2.79
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunomodulating agent commonly used in human medicine for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. "	( Single-dose pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid following administration of immediate-release mycophenolate mofetil in healthy Beagle dogs. Anderson, WH; Klotsman, M; Sathyan, G, 2021)	2.35
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressive drug commonly used for prophylaxis of graft rejection in solid organ transplant recipients. "	( Mycophenolic acid and cancer risk in solid organ transplant recipients: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Hanprasertpong, N; Hirunsatitpron, P; Koonrungsesomboon, N; Noppakun, K; Pruksakorn, D; Teekachunhatean, S, 2022)	3.61
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressant drug commonly used to prevent organ rejection in transplanted patients. "	( Recombinant Peptide Mimetic NanoLuc Tracer for Sensitive Immunodetection of Mycophenolic Acid. Arola, HO; Benito-Peña, E; Iljin, K; Luque-Uría, Á; Moreno-Bondi, MC; Nevanen, TK; Peltomaa, R, 2021)	2.29
"Mycophenolic Acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressive drug widely used in the treatment of organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases. "	( Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms on Mycophenolic Acid Pharmacokinetics and Patient Outcomes in Renal Transplantation. Gu, M; Guo, M; Meng, L; Tan, RY; Wang, ZJ; Wei, JF; Yang, HW, 2018)	2.19
"Mycophenolic acid is a drug widely used for HXGPRT positive selection of Toxoplasma mutant strains along with xanthine incubation in the culture medium; under such conditions, formation of tissue cysts has not been reported."	( Mycophenolic acid induces differentiation of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain tachyzoites into bradyzoites and formation of cyst-like structure in vitro. Castro-Elizalde, KN; Gómez de León, CT; González-Pozos, S; Hernández-Contreras, P; Mondragón-Castelán, M; Mondragón-Flores, R; Ramírez-Flores, CJ, 2018)	2.64
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an approved immunosuppressive agent widely prescribed to prevent rejection after kidney transplantation. "	( Mycophenolic Acid and Its Metabolites in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Semimechanistic Enterohepatic Circulation Model to Improve Estimating Exposure. Ahmed, MA; Brundage, RC; Israni, AK; Jacobson, PA; Okour, M, 2018)	3.37
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressant that is used in renal, liver, and heart transplantation. "	( Determination of Mycophenolic Acid and Mycophenolic Acid Glucuronide Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Frazee, C; Garg, U; Munar, A, 2018)	2.26
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a potent inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibitor for immunosuppressive chemotherapy. "	( Mycophenolic Acid Derivatives with Immunosuppressive Activity from the Coral-Derived Fungus Hu, Z; Li, F; Lin, S; Liu, M; Sun, W; Wang, J; Xue, Y; Yang, B; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Y; Zhu, H, 2018)	3.37
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a currently widely used immunosuppressant."	( Suppression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Mycophenolic Acid in Experimental Models and in Patients. Boor, PPC; Cao, W; Chen, K; Felczak, K; Hernanda, PY; Kwekkeboom, J; Liu, J; Ma, B; Ma, Z; Metselaar, HJ; Pan, Q; Pankiewicz, KW; Peppelenbosch, MP; Sheng, J; Sprengers, D; Tjon, ASW, 2019)	1.5
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a group of metabolite derived from several species of "	( A mycophenolic acid derivative from the fungus Lan, B; Liu, J; Luo, M; Luo, X; Mei, X; Song, X; Tu, R; Wu, S; Zhang, L, 2020)	2.72
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressive agent that controls noninfectious uveitis. "	( In vitro evidence for mycophenolic acid dose-related cytotoxicity in human retinal cells. Acquesta, FB; Damico, FM; Gasparin, F; Kenney, MC; Kuppermann, BD; Takahashi, WY; Ventura, DF; Zacharias, LC, )	1.89
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressive agent widely used in the treatment of solid organ transplant rejection. "	( Determination of Mycophenolic acid in the vitreous humor using the HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method: application of intraocular pharmacokinetics study in rabbit eyes with ophthalmic implantable device. da Silva Cunha, A; de Oliveira Fulgêncio, G; Martins Duarte Byrro, R; Pianetti, GA; Rocha Chellini, P, 2013)	2.17
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressant widely used to prevent organ rejection after organ transplantation. "	( Mycophenolic acid quantification in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Capron, A; Mourad, M; Nguyen Thi, MT; Wallemacq, P, 2013)	3.28
"Mycophenolic acid is a safe and well-tolerated therapy for lymphomatoid papulosis."	( Mycophenolic acid for lymphomatoid papulosis. Champagne, T; Walsh, S, )	3.02
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an antirejection drug used in various types of solid organ transplants. "	( Multiple regression analysis of factors predicting mycophenolic acid free fraction in 91 adult organ transplant recipients. Ensom, MH; Kiang, TK; Ng, K, 2013)	2.08
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a commonly used immunosuppressive drug for human islet transplantation. "	( Synthesis and characterization of an anti-apoptotic immunosuppressive compound for improving the outcome of islet transplantation. Mahato, RI; Miller, D; Pagadala, J; Wu, H; Yates, CR, 2013)	1.83
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a potent immunosuppressant agent, which is increasingly being used in the treatment of patients with various autoimmune diseases. "	( How accurate and precise are limited sampling strategies in estimating exposure to mycophenolic acid in people with autoimmune disease? Abd Rahman, AN; Staatz, CE; Tett, SE, 2014)	2.07
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressant used in transplant rejection, often in combination with cyclosporine (CsA) and tacrolimus (Tac). "	( Renal glucuronidation and multidrug resistance protein 2-/ multidrug resistance protein 4-mediated efflux of mycophenolic acid: interaction with cyclosporine and tacrolimus. El-Sheikh, AA; Koenderink, JB; Masereeuw, R; Russel, FG; van den Broek, PH; Verweij, VG; Wouterse, AC, 2014)	2.06
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a key immunosuppressive drug that acts through inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). "	( Effects of unbound mycophenolic acid on inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibition in pediatric kidney transplant patients. Cox, S; Fukuda, T; Goebel, J; Sherbotie, JR; Smits, TA; Vinks, AA; Ward, RM, 2014)	2.17
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a promising drug owing to its immunosuppressive and biological activities. "	( Optimization of submerged fermentation conditions for immunosuppressant mycophenolic acid production by Penicillium roqueforti isolated from blue-molded cheeses: enhanced production by ultraviolet and gamma irradiation. Ahmed, AS; El-Sayed, el-SR; Ismaiel, AA, 2014)	2.08
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA, 1) is a clinically important immunosuppressant. "	( Functional characterization of MpaG', the O-methyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of mycophenolic acid. Bai, F; Cao, S; Huang, S; Li, S; Li, Z; Liu, C; Qi, F; Qiu, L; Wan, X; Yang, Y; Zhang, W, 2015)	2.08
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil, a new immunosuppressive drug effective in the treatment of canine autoimmune diseases. "	( In Vitro Influence of Mycophenolic Acid on Selected Parameters of Stimulated Peripheral Canine Lymphocytes. Archer, J; Cywińska, A; Guzera, M; Szulc-Dąbrowska, L; Winnicka, A, 2016)	2.19
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an important immunosuppressant broadly used in renal transplantation. "	( 1-Alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 alters the pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in renal transplant recipients by regulating two extrahepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferases 1A8 and 1A10. Cooper, BR; Decker, BS; Favus, MJ; Liu, W; Lu, Y; Overholser, BR; Peng, Z; Shen, B; Sun, X; Tang, H; Wang, H; Wang, X; Zhong, L; Zhou, C, 2016)	2.12
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressant requiring therapeutic drug monitoring. "	( Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Mycophenolic Acid. Dasgupta, A, )	1.86
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressive agent which is commonly used in a fixed dose regime in solid organ transplantation. "	( Simultaneous determination of mycophenolate and its metabolite mycophenolate-7-o-glucuronide with an isocratic HPLC-UV-based method in human plasma and stability evaluation. Bauer, S; Budde, K; Glander, P; Hambach, P; Mai, M; Rissling, O; Shipkova, M, 2016)	1.88
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a secondary metabolite produced by various Penicillium species including Penicillium roqueforti. "	( Genetic basis for mycophenolic acid production and strain-dependent production variability in Penicillium roqueforti. Coton, E; Coton, M; Debaets, S; Dominguez-Santos, R; Gillot, G; Hidalgo, PI; Jany, JL; Poirier, E; Ullán, RV, 2017)	2.23
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a potentially useful immunosuppressant drug in cats and dogs, because of its well-documented efficacy in controlling autoimmune disease in humans."	( Simultaneous determination of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide and glycoside derivatives in canine and feline plasma by UHPLC-UV. Court, MH; Hwang, JK; Rivera, SM; Slovak, JE; Villarino, NF, 2017)	1.47
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an effective immunosuppressive treatment for renal transplant recipients, but its effective use and best practice are not established in cardiac transplantation. "	( Enteric-coated mycophenolate-sodium in heart transplantation: efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic compared with mycophenolate mofetil. Dengler, T; Hetzer, R; Hummel, M; Kobashigawa, J; Ladenburger, S; Lehmkuhl, H; Rothenburger, M; Sack, F, 2008)	1.79
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an inhibitor of cellular inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), an enzyme that catalyzes an essential step in the biosynthesis of GTP."	( Inhibitory effect of mycophenolic acid on the replication of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus. Estepa, A; Marroquí, L; Perez, L, 2008)	1.39
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a potent inhibitor of the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and used as an immunosuppressive drug in transplantation. "	( Effects of mycophenolic acid on human fibroblast proliferation, migration and adhesion in vitro and in vivo. Goulimari, P; Grosse, R; Hahn, M; Krautkramer, E; Lichter, P; Morath, C; Muranyi, W; Reuter, H; Schwenger, V; Simon, V; Zeier, M, 2008)	2.18
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressant drug commonly used in patients undergoing solid organ transplant. "	( Mycophenolic acid (cellcept and myofortic) induced injury of the upper GI tract. Montgomery, E; Nguyen, T; Park, JY; Scudiere, JR, 2009)	3.24
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a selective inhibitor of inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides. "	( An inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 single-nucleotide polymorphism impairs the effect of mycophenolic acid. Bajari, T; Herkner, H; Sengoelge, G; Sunder-Plassmann, G; Weigel, G; Winnicki, W; Winter, B, 2010)	2.02
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a potent, selective, noncompetitive and reversible inhibitor of inosine-5'-monophosphate deshydrogenase (IMPDH). "	( Mycophenolate mofetil: An update. Hidalgo, M; Jimeno, A; Villarroel, MC, 2009)	1.8
"* Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a potent, selective and reversible inhibitor of inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), the rate-limiting enzyme for de novo guanosine triphosphate biosynthesis. "	( Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase variability in renal transplant patients on long-term mycophenolate mofetil therapy. Chiarelli, LR; Cosmai, L; Dal Canton, A; Libetta, C; Molinaro, M; Regazzi, M; Tinelli, C; Valentini, G, 2010)	1.08
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressant drug which powerfully inhibits lymphocyte proliferation. "	( Sample cleanup-free determination of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide in serum and plasma using the novel technology of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Götting, C; Kleesiek, K; Kuhn, J, 2010)	2.08
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a cornerstone immunosuppressant therapy in solid organ transplantation. "	( Pharmacogenetic influences on mycophenolate therapy. Barraclough, KA; Lee, KJ; Staatz, CE, 2010)	1.8
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressive drug which induces resistance to several maturation signals in human dendritic cells (DC) by unknown mechanisms. "	( Mycophenolic acid differentially affects dendritic cell maturation induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and lipopolysaccharide through a different modulation of MAPK signaling. Baron, C; Faugaret, D; Lebranchu, Y; Lemoine, R; Velge-Roussel, F, 2010)	3.25
"Mycophenolic acid is a commonly used immunosuppressant after organ transplantation and in autoimmune diseases; however, myelosuppression is a major complication despite its largely favorable side-effect profile. "	( Mycophenolic acid suppresses granulopoiesis by inhibition of interleukin-17 production. Ley, K; Ouyang, H; von Vietinghoff, S, 2010)	3.25
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a basis for the immunosuppressive drugs used in clinic against rejection in solid organs transplantations. "	( The chemistry of mycophenolic acid--synthesis and modifications towards desired biological activity. Cholewinski, G; Dzierzbicka, K; Malachowska-Ugarte, M, 2010)	2.14
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an effective treatment for active lupus nephritis despite its variable efficacy in different ethnic groups. "	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in severe lupus nephritis. Avihingsanon, Y; Kittanamongkolchai, W; Lertdumrongluk, P; Somparn, P; Traitanon, O; Vadcharavivad, S, 2010)	2.13
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressive agent, more and more extensively used in transplantation, rheumatology and nephrology. "	( Mycophenolic acid in rheumatology: mechanisms of action and severe adverse events. De Santis, M; Ferraccioli, GF; Zizzo, G, )	3.02
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor used for glomerulonephritis treatment. "	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and metabolites in patients with glomerulonephritis. Joy, MS; Sam, WJ, 2010)	2.09
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) therapy is a fundamental component of most post-transplant immunosuppressive regimens. "	( Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium. Budde, K; Dürr, M; Glander, P; Liefeldt, L; Neumayer, HH, 2010)	1.8
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressive drug widely used in the prevention of acute rejection in pediatric renal transplant recipients and is characterized by a wide inter-individual variability in its pharmacokinetics. "	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in pediatric renal transplant patients using parametric and nonparametric approaches. Armstrong, VW; Marquet, P; Oellerich, M; Prémaud, A; Rousseau, A; Tönshoff, B; Urien, S; Weber, LT, 2011)	2.1
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressant for which therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is performed for optimal prophylaxis and avoidance of toxicity in transplant patients. "	( Performance of the Roche Total Mycophenolic Acid® assay on the Cobas Integra 400®, Cobas 6000® and comparison to LC-MS/MS in liver transplant patients. Decavele, AS; Favoreel, N; Heyden, FV; Verstraete, AG, 2011)	2.1
"MPA (mycophenolic acid) is an immunosuppressive drug produced by several fungi in Penicillium subgenus Penicillium. "	( Adaptive evolution of drug targets in producer and non-producer organisms. Frisvad, JC; Genee, HJ; Hansen, BG; Hedstrom, L; Kaas, CS; Mortensen, UH; Nielsen, JB; Sun, XE, 2012)	0.89
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a highly effective immunosuppressant that has broad antiviral activity against different viruses and can act in synergy with interferon-α (IFN-α) on hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. "	( Mycophenolic acid augments interferon-stimulated gene expression and inhibits hepatitis C Virus infection in vitro and in vivo. de Jonge, J; de Ruiter, PE; Janssen, HL; Kwekkeboom, J; Metselaar, HJ; Pan, Q; Tilanus, HW; van der Laan, LJ, 2012)	3.26
"Mycophenolic acid is a prodrug which is rapidly de-esterified in the gut wall, blood, liver and tissue to the active moiety, mycophenolic acid (MPA)."	( The influence of UGT polymorphisms as biomarkers in solid organ transplantation. Dupuis, R; Innocenti, F; Yuen, A, 2012)	1.1
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressant."	( A pilot study on area under curve of mycophenolic acid as a guide for its optimal use in renal transplant recipients. Agarwal, SK; Guleria, S; Gupta, YK; Kaleekal, T; Reeta, KH; Sarangi, SC, 2012)	1.37
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a fungal secondary metabolite and the active component in several immunosuppressive pharmaceuticals. "	( Involvement of a natural fusion of a cytochrome P450 and a hydrolase in mycophenolic acid biosynthesis. Hansen, BG; Larsen, TO; Mnich, E; Mortensen, UH; Nielsen, JB; Nielsen, KF; Nielsen, MT; Patil, KR, 2012)	2.05
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressive agent that is widely used in clinical therapy, including pancreas and islet transplantation. "	( Cellular function of RhoGDI-α mediates the cycling of Rac1 and the regulation of pancreatic beta cell death. Cho, Y; Do, JH; Huh, KH; Joo, DJ; Kim, MS; Kim, YS; Park, YJ, 2012)	1.82
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressive agent that acts as a selective, non-reversible inhibitor of the enzyme inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). "	( Effects of mycophenolic acid alone and in combination with its metabolite mycophenolic acid glucuronide on rat embryos in vitro. Eckardt, K; Glander, P; Schmidt, F; Shakibaei, M; Stahlmann, R, 2013)	2.22
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor whose antiviral mechanism of action is supposed to interfere with NAD(+)/NADH conversion. "	( Effect of mycophenolic acid on trans-plasma membrane electron transport and electric potential in virus-infected plant tissue. Luvisi, A; Panattoni, A; Rinaldelli, E; Triolo, E, 2012)	2.22
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppression agent for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in patients receiving allogeneic transplants. "	( Analytical validation of a homogeneous immunoassay for determination of mycophenolic acid in human plasma. Carrasco García, C; García Pinteño, S; Joumady, I; Sáez-Benito Godino, A; Vara Gil, F; Vergara Chozas, JM; Zopeque García, N, 2012)	2.05
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a fungally-derived inhibitor of inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). "	( Cytotoxicity and cellular differentiation activity of methylenebis(phosphonate) analogs of tiazofurin and mycophenolic acid adenine dinucleotide in human cancer cell lines. Jayaram, HN; Pankiewicz, K; Patterson, SE; Yalowitz, JA, 2002)	1.97
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (mainly used clinically for immunosuppression) that inhibits the replication of several viruses."	( Mycophenolic acid inhibits avian reovirus replication. Coombs, KM; Hermann, LL; Robertson, CM, 2004)	2.49
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressive drug partly metabolized to MPA-glucuronide (MPAG), which is pharmacologically inactive. "	( Comparison of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with a commercial enzyme-multiplied immunoassay for the determination of plasma MPA in renal transplant recipients and consequences for therapeutic drug monitoring. Lachâtre, G; Le Meur, Y; Marquet, P; Prémaud, A; Rousseau, A, 2004)	1.77
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a mycotoxin commonly found as Penicillium genus secondary metabolite in feedstuffs and silages. "	( Effects of mycophenolic acid on inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase I and II mRNA expression in white blood cells and various tissues in sheep. Bauer, J; Dzidic, A; Meyer, HH; Meyer, K; Mohr, A; Pfaffl, MW; Prgomet, C, 2006)	2.17
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a drug that has found widespread use as an immunosuppressive agent which limits rejection of transplanted organs. "	( Spectroscopic characterization of copper(II) binding to the immunosuppressive drug mycophenolic acid. Hanson, GR; Jones, CE; McEwan, AG; Taylor, PJ, 2006)	2
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a highly selective, non-competitive and reversible inhibitor of the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo biosynthesis of guanosine nucleotides. "	( Antifibrotic actions of mycophenolic acid. Beimler, J; Mehrabi, A; Morath, C; Muranyi, W; Schmidt, J; Schwenger, V; Zeier, M, 2006)	2.08
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an inhibitor of lymphocyte proliferation and is well established as an immunosuppressive agent in solid organ transplantation. "	( Bioequivalence of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium and mycophenolate mofetil: a meta-analysis of three studies in stable renal transplant recipients. He, X; Holt, DW; Johnston, A, 2006)	1.78
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressive metabolite of various fungi, especially of Penicillium roqueforti, and can be found in considerable amounts in mouldy silage. "	( Influence of oral application of mycophenolic acid on the clinical health status of sheep. Bauer, J; Baum, B; Dzidić, A; Hewicker-Trautwein, M; Lorenz, I; Meyer, HH; Meyer, K; Mohr, AI; Pfaffl, M, 2007)	2.06
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a reversible inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) and, in combination with other immunosuppressive drugs, effectively inhibits rejection in solid organ transplant recipients. "	( Monitoring of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase activity as a biomarker for mycophenolic acid effect: potential clinical implications. Alloway, RR; Derotte, M; Vinks, AA; Weimert, NA; Woodle, ES, 2007)	2.01
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a relatively new adjuvant drug that selectively inhibits T and B lymphocyte proliferation by suppressing de novo purine synthesis."	( Treatment of refractory blistering autoimmune diseases with mycophenolic acid. Caputo, R; Dassoni, F; Marzano, AV, 2006)	1.3
"Mycophenolic acid is a unique immunosuppressive agent because of its mechanism of action."	( Mycophenolate mofetil (RS-61443): preclinical, clinical, and three-year experience in heart transplantation. Dunn, D; Ensley, RD; Olsen, SL; Renlund, DG; Taylor, DO, )	0.85
"Mycophenolic acid mofetil (MMF) is an agent which has recently gained a lot of attention. "	( Effects of mycophenolic acid mofetil on acute rejection of kidney allografts in rats. Azuma, H; Heemann, U; Philipp, T; Schmid, C; Tilney, N, 1996)	2.13
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a potent and specific inhibitor of mammalian inosine-monophosphate dehydrogenases (IMPDH); most microbial IMPDHs are not sensitive to MPA. "	( Isolation and characterization of mycophenolic acid-resistant mutants of inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase. Cahoon, M; Farazi, T; Harris, T; Hedstrom, L; Leichman, J, 1997)	2.02
"1. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an inhibitor of inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase and therefore interferes with cellular GTP biosynthesis. "	( Effect of mycophenolic acid on TNF alpha-induced expression of cell adhesion molecules in human venous endothelial cells in vitro. Goppelt-Strübe, M; Hauser, IA; Johnson, DR; Thévenod, F, 1997)	1.32
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a new immunosuppressive drug used in clinical trials in combination with cyclosporine A (CsA) and prednisolone. "	( Mycophenolic acid monitoring in HTX patients: a preliminary report. Griesmacher, A; Müller, MM; Vogl, M, )	3.02
"Mycophenolic acid is an immunosuppressant administered as a bioavailable ester, mycophenolate mofetil. "	( Evaluation of an immunoassay (EMIT) for mycophenolic acid in plasma from renal transplant recipients compared with a high-performance liquid chromatography assay. Beal, JL; Jones, CE; Taylor, PJ; Tett, SE, 1998)	2.01
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a potent inhibitor of mammalian IMPDHs but a poor inhibitor of microbial IMPDHs."	( Species-specific inhibition of inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase by mycophenolic acid. Digits, JA; Hedstrom, L, 1999)	1.26
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a species-specific inhibitor of IMPDH; mammalian IMPDHs are very sensitive to MPA, while the microbial enzymes are resistant to the inhibitor."	( Drug selectivity is determined by coupling across the NAD+ site of IMP dehydrogenase. Digits, JA; Hedstrom, L, 2000)	1.03
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressive drug given as the prodrug of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). "	( Rapid and simple determination of mycophenolic acid in human plasma by ion-pair RP-LC with fluorescence detection. Hosotsubo, H; Kitamura, M; Kokado, Y; Matsumiya, K; Okuyama, A; Permpongkosol, S; Sugimoto, H; Takahara, S; Tanaka, T; Wang, JD, 2001)	2.03
"Mycophenolic acid is an antimetabolite used experimentally for the treatment of psoriasis. "	( Mycophenolic acid for psoriasis. Lynch, WS; Roenigk, HH, 1977)	3.14
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a fermentation product of a penicillium mould which has shown antitumour acitivity in certain animal models. "	( Mycophenolic acid in psoriasis. McDonald, CJ; Rudnicka, A; Spatz, S, 1978)	3.14

Effects

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) has an anti-inflammatory effect. It has a low therapeutic index and large inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability.

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) has been known for decades to be an anticancer and immuno. acid. It has limited clinical applications in vivo due to hydrophobic nature, high first-pass metabolism, lack of targeting, etc. Mycophenolics acid has become the cornerstone in the treatment of lupus nephritis.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) has a low therapeutic index and large inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability necessitating therapeutic drug monitoring to individualise dosing after transplantation. "	( Validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of mycophenolic acid in human kidney transplant biopsies. Coller, JK; Hesselink, DA; Md Dom, ZI; Noll, BD; Russ, GR; Sallustio, BC; Somogyi, AA; van Gelder, T, 2014)	2.09
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) has an anti-inflammatory effect."	( Mycophenolic acid regulates spleen tyrosine kinase to repress tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced monocyte chemotatic protein-1 production in cultured human aortic endothelial cells. Han, NJ; Kim, YJ; Koo, TY; Lee, JM; Park, JS; Park, SK; Yang, WS, 2013)	2.55
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) has promising anticancer properties; however, it has limited clinical applications in vivo due to hydrophobic nature, high first-pass metabolism, lack of targeting, etc. "	( Mycophenolate co-administration with quercetin via lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for enhanced breast cancer management. Banerjee, UC; Jain, S; Kai, G; Kushwah, V; Nile, SH; Patel, G; Patil, MD; Thakur, NS, 2020)	2
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) has become a cornerstone of immunosuppressive therapy, in particular for transplant patients. "	( MRP4 is responsible for the efflux transport of mycophenolic acid β-d glucuronide (MPAG) from hepatocytes to blood. Arnion, H; Benmameri, M; Berthier, J; Chantemargue, B; Fabre, G; Marquet, P; Picard, N; Saint-Marcoux, F; Sauvage, FL; Trouillas, P, 2021)	2.32
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) has been shown to be promising for the treatment of autoimmune diseases in dogs and cats. "	( Ex vivo binding of the immunosuppressant mycophenolic acid to dog and cat plasma proteins and the effect of co-incubated dexamethasone and prednisolone. Court, MH; Morassi, A; Rivera-Vélez, SM; Slovak, JE; Villarino, NF, 2018)	2.19
"Mycophenolic acid has played an important role in treating immunosuppression and autoimmune diseases. "	( Effects of mycophenolic acid-glucosamine conjugates on the base of kidney targeted drug delivery. Gong, T; Lin, Y; Sun, X; Wang, X; Zeng, Y; Zhang, Z, 2013)	2.22
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) has a low therapeutic index and large inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability necessitating therapeutic drug monitoring to individualise dosing after transplantation. "	( Validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of mycophenolic acid in human kidney transplant biopsies. Coller, JK; Hesselink, DA; Md Dom, ZI; Noll, BD; Russ, GR; Sallustio, BC; Somogyi, AA; van Gelder, T, 2014)	2.09
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) has become the cornerstone in the treatment of lupus nephritis. "	( To TDM or not to TDM in lupus nephritis patients treated with MMF? Berden, JH; Berger, SP; van Gelder, T, 2015)	1.86
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) has been identified as a new river contaminant according to its wide use and high predicted concentration. "	( Do cytostatic drugs reach drinking water? The case of mycophenolic acid. Boleda, MR; Franquet-Griell, H; Lacorte, S; Ventura, F, 2016)	2.13
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) has been known for decades to be an anticancer and immunosuppressive agent and has significant anticancer properties, but its underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly characterized. "	( Mycophenolic acid induces adipocyte-like differentiation and reversal of malignancy of breast cancer cells partly through PPARγ. He, XB; Jiang, Q; Liu, C; Lu, XH; Shui, XX; Si, SY; Yang, Y; Zhang, H; Zhao, BH; Zheng, ZH, 2011)	3.25
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) has become the first-line drug therapy for proliferative lupus nephritis, a common and serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. "	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil in Thai lupus nephritis patients. Avihingsanon, Y; Kittanamongkolchai, W; Lertdumrongluk, P; Punyawudho, B; Somparn, P; Traitanon, O; Vadcharavivad, S, 2012)	1.82
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) has been shown to reduce panel reactive antibody (PRA) formation in kidney transplant recipients."	( Effects of mycophenolic acid on highly sensitized patients awaiting kidney transplant. Cicciarelli, J; Corrales-Tellez, E; Hutchinson, I; Min, DI; Naraghi, R; Shah, T; Vu, D, 2013)	1.5
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) has an anti-inflammatory effect."	( Mycophenolic acid regulates spleen tyrosine kinase to repress tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced monocyte chemotatic protein-1 production in cultured human aortic endothelial cells. Han, NJ; Kim, YJ; Koo, TY; Lee, JM; Park, JS; Park, SK; Yang, WS, 2013)	2.55
"Mycophenolic acid has proved useful for long-term management of psoriasis."	( Mycophenolate mofetil: a unique immunosuppressive agent. Hood, KA; Zarembski, DG, 1997)	1.02
"Oral mycophenolic acid (MPA) therapy has been investigated in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis since the early 1970s and has been found to be both safe and effective. "	( Rediscovering mycophenolic acid: a review of its mechanism, side effects, and potential uses. Kitchin, JE; Pak, G; Pomeranz, MK; Shupack, JL; Washenik, K, 1997)	1.17
"Mycophenolic acid kinetics have been reported to vary after renal transplantation, and mycophenolic acid area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) is the best predictor of suppression of graft rejection."	( The kinetics of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide metabolite in adult kidney transplant recipients. Allen, J; Falk, MC; Franzen, K; Johnson, AG; Jones, CE; Nicol, D; Rigby, RJ; Taylor, PJ, 1999)	2.09
"Mycophenolic acid has been shown to be effective for the prevention and treatment of renal allograft rejection. "	( Effects of mycophenolic acid on human renal proximal and distal tubular cells in vitro. Baer, PC; Gauer, S; Geiger, H; Hauser, IA; Scherberich, JE, 2000)	2.14
"Mycophenolic acid has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of vaccinia virus growth. "	( A dominant selectable marker for the construction of recombinant poxviruses. Boyle, DB; Coupar, BE, 1988)	1.72

Actions

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) displays a complex pharmacokinetic profile susceptible to potential significant interactions with fenofibrate. The acid did inhibit agonist-induced OPN expression in cultured cardiomyocytes.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) may cause gastrointestinal adverse effects by damaging the intestinal epithelial barrier, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. "	( Mycophenolic Acid Induces the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Damage through Mitochondrial ROS. Deng, Y; Feng, L; Su, Y; Wang, J; Xu, D; Yang, H; Zhang, Z, 2022)	3.61
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) displays a complex pharmacokinetic profile susceptible to potential significant interactions with fenofibrate."	( Severe neutropenia in a renal transplant patient suggesting an interaction between mycophenolate and fenofibrate. Alvarez, PA; Di Girolamo, G; Egozcue, J; Keller, GA; Moretti, L; Sleiman, J, 2012)	1.1
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) did inhibit agonist-induced OPN expression in cultured cardiomyocytes."	( Mycophenolate mofetil prevents the development of experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Hirose, S; Hongo, M; Ikeda, U; Kamiyoshi, Y; Kinoshita, O; Morimoto, H; Takahashi, M; Watanabe, N; Yazaki, Y; Yokoseki, O, 2005)	1.05

Treatment

Mycophenolic acid treatment of mouse long-term bone marrow cultures depletes them of all assayable hematopoietic precursors. Treatment also appears to cause breakdown of high-molecular-weight DNA.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Mycophenolic acid-treated cells were anergic, but not suppressive, and at the same time proved hyperblastoid with high metabolic activity."	( Mycophenolic acid-mediated suppression of human CD4+ T cells: more than mere guanine nucleotide deprivation. Boots, AM; He, X; Joosten, I; Koenen, HJ; Smeets, RL; Vink, PM; Wagenaars, J, 2011)	2.53
"Mycophenolic acid-treated long-term bone marrow cultures were charged with stromally depleted bone marrow cells along with 10 to 500 U/ml recombinant human TNF-alpha, and assayed each week for 5 wk for the presence of primitive (CFU-S and high proliferative potential colony-forming cell) and mature (CFU-C) colony-forming units."	( TNF-alpha inhibits the further development of committed progenitors while stimulating multipotential progenitors in mouse long-term bone marrow cultures. Berman, JW; Rogers, JA, 1994)	1.01
"Mycophenolic acid treatment of mouse long-term bone marrow cultures depletes them of all assayable hematopoietic precursors."	( A tumor necrosis factor-responsive long-term-culture-initiating cell is associated with the stromal layer of mouse long-term bone marrow cultures. Berman, JW; Rogers, JA, 1993)	1.01
"Mycophenolic acid treatment also appears to cause breakdown of high-molecular-weight DNA."	( Consequences of inhibition of guanine nucleotide synthesis by mycophenolic acid and virazole. Brox, L; Henderson, JF; Lowe, JK, 1977)	1.22
"Treatment with mycophenolic acid (MPA) resulted in a 99% inhibition of viral RNA production at the clinically relevant concentration (10 μg/ml) in Caco2 cells."	( Mycophenolic acid potently inhibits rotavirus infection with a high barrier to resistance development. Bijvelds, M; Dang, W; de Jonge, H; Felczak, K; Koopmans, MP; Metselaar, HJ; Pan, Q; Pankiewicz, KW; Peppelenbosch, MP; Sprengers, D; Su, J; van der Eijk, AA; van der Laan, LJ; Wang, W; Wang, Y; Xu, L; Yin, Y; Zhou, X, 2016)	2.22
"DC treated with mycophenolic acid during their maturation (MPA-DC) have a regulatory phenotype and may therefore provide a new approach to induce allograft tolerance."	( Induction of human CD4+ regulatory T cells by mycophenolic acid-treated dendritic cells. Baron, C; Lagaraine, C; Lebranchu, Y; Lemoine, R; Nivet, H; Velge-Roussel, F, 2008)	0.94
"Treatment with mycophenolic acid led to significantly increased survival times in a nematode model, validating de novo GTP biosynthesis as an antifungal target in Cryptococcus."	( De novo GTP biosynthesis is critical for virulence of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Chow, EW; Djordjevic, JT; Fraser, JA; Hill, JM; Kappler, U; Kobe, B; Lee, IR; Morrow, CA; Stamp, A; Valkov, E; Williams, SJ; Wronski, A, 2012)	0.72

Toxicity

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) therapy has been investigated in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis since the early 1970s. In combination with glucocorticoids, it has been shown to be safe and effective for treatment of lupus nephritis.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" These results suggest that the depletion of GTP rather than that of dGTP produces toxic effects in S-49 cells and that GTP is required for DNA synthesis."	( Guanine nucleotide depletion and toxicity in mouse T lymphoma (S-49) cells. Cohen, MB; Maybaum, J; Sadee, W, 1981)	0.26
"Oral mycophenolic acid (MPA) therapy has been investigated in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis since the early 1970s and has been found to be both safe and effective."	( Rediscovering mycophenolic acid: a review of its mechanism, side effects, and potential uses. Kitchin, JE; Pak, G; Pomeranz, MK; Shupack, JL; Washenik, K, 1997)	1.17
"In a selected transplant population with biopsy-proven CsA nephrotoxicity, CsA withdrawal with a concomitant switch from AZA to MMF seems to be safe and allows a significant improvement of renal function."	( Mycophenolate mofetil in renal transplant recipients with cyclosporine-associated nephrotoxicity: a preliminary report. Billerey, C; Bresson-Vautrin, C; Chalopin, JM; Ducloux, D; Fournier, V; Rebibou, JM; Saint-Hillier, Y, 1998)	0.3
" No serious adverse events occurred."	( Mycophenolate mofetil-based, cyclosporine-free induction and maintenance immunosuppression: first-3-months analysis of efficacy and safety in two cohorts of renal allograft recipients. Hillebrand, G; Illner, WD; Land, W; Rothenpieler, U; Schneeberger, H; Stangl, M; Theodorakis, I; Zanker, B, 1998)	0.3
"4 years, MMF had been discontinued in 13 patients (54%) because of adverse effects (AE)."	( Adverse effects of mycophenolate mofetil in pediatric renal transplant recipients with presumed chronic rejection. Baluarte, HJ; Butani, L; Palmer, J; Polinsky, MS, 1999)	0.3
" The incidences of premature withdrawal from the study due to adverse events in the three groups were 4 of 51 (7."	( A randomized double-blind, multicenter plasma concentration controlled study of the safety and efficacy of oral mycophenolate mofetil for the prevention of acute rejection after kidney transplantation. de Fijter, JW; Hale, MD; Hené, RJ; Hilbrands, LB; Navarro, MT; Nicholls, AJ; Squifflet, JP; van Gelder, T; Vanrenterghem, Y; Verpooten, GA; Weimar, W, 1999)	0.3
"MPA Cpredose and MPA AUC are significantly related to the incidence of biopsy-proven rejection after kidney transplantation, whereas MMF dose is significantly related to the occurrence of adverse events."	( A randomized double-blind, multicenter plasma concentration controlled study of the safety and efficacy of oral mycophenolate mofetil for the prevention of acute rejection after kidney transplantation. de Fijter, JW; Hale, MD; Hené, RJ; Hilbrands, LB; Navarro, MT; Nicholls, AJ; Squifflet, JP; van Gelder, T; Vanrenterghem, Y; Verpooten, GA; Weimar, W, 1999)	0.3
" Acyl glucuronides have toxic potential and may contribute to drug toxicity."	( Induction of cytokine release by the acyl glucuronide of mycophenolic acid: a link to side effects? Armstrong, VW; Niedmann, PD; Oellerich, M; Schellhaas, U; Schütz, E; Shipkova, M; Wieland, E, 2000)	0.55
"If M-2 promotes release of cytokines in vivo, these may mediate some of the toxic actions of MPA."	( Induction of cytokine release by the acyl glucuronide of mycophenolic acid: a link to side effects? Armstrong, VW; Niedmann, PD; Oellerich, M; Schellhaas, U; Schütz, E; Shipkova, M; Wieland, E, 2000)	0.55
"Tacrolimus (FK506) is a safe and effective treatment for the prevention of rejection of renal allografts."	( Safety and efficacy of tacrolimus in combination with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in cadaveric renal transplant recipients. FK506/MMF Dose-Ranging Kidney Transplant Study Group. Jensik, SC; Mendez, R; Miller, J; Pirsch, JD, 2000)	0.31
" Patients were followed for 1 yr posttransplant for the incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection, patient and graft survival, and adverse events."	( Safety and efficacy of tacrolimus in combination with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in cadaveric renal transplant recipients. FK506/MMF Dose-Ranging Kidney Transplant Study Group. Jensik, SC; Mendez, R; Miller, J; Pirsch, JD, 2000)	0.31
" The incidence of most adverse events was similar across treatment groups and comparable with previous reports."	( Safety and efficacy of tacrolimus in combination with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in cadaveric renal transplant recipients. FK506/MMF Dose-Ranging Kidney Transplant Study Group. Jensik, SC; Mendez, R; Miller, J; Pirsch, JD, 2000)	0.31
"Tacrolimus in combination with an initial dose of MMF 2 g/day is a very effective and safe regimen in cadaveric kidney transplant recipients."	( Safety and efficacy of tacrolimus in combination with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in cadaveric renal transplant recipients. FK506/MMF Dose-Ranging Kidney Transplant Study Group. Jensik, SC; Mendez, R; Miller, J; Pirsch, JD, 2000)	0.31
" MMF) and 4 patients (7%, placebo) discontinued their use of the drug because of an adverse event (AE)."	( Intravenous mycophenolate mofetil: safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics. Arterburn, S; Conti, D; Dumont, E; Dunn, J; Gonwa, T; Halloran, P; Inokuchi, S; Kiberd, B; Kittur, D; Merion, RM; Nicholls, AJ; Norman, D; Pescovitz, MD; Shoker, A; Sollinger, H; Tomlanovich, S; Weinstein, S; Wilburn, R, 2000)	0.31
" We conclude that MMF allows safe reduction of CyA with markedly better graft function, suggesting that chronical CyA-toxicity partially accounts for deteriorating allograft function."	( Effect of adding Mycophenolate mofetil in paediatric renal transplant recipients with chronical cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. Filler, G; Gellermann, J; Mai, I; Zimmering, M, 2000)	0.31
", side effect or rejection)."	( Correlation of mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetic parameters with side effects in kidney transplant patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil. Chaib Eddour, D; De Meyer, M; König, J; Malaise, J; Mourad, M; Schepers, R; Squifflet, JP; Wallemacq, P, 2001)	0.66
" Efficacy and safety parameters analyzed were patient and graft survival, incidence and severity of rejection, and adverse events in correlation to immunosuppressive drug levels."	( A novel management strategy of steroid-free immunosuppression after liver transplantation: efficacy and safety of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. Braun, F; Canelo, R; Füzesi, L; Lorf, T; Oellerich, M; Ramadori, G; Ringe, B; Schütz, E, 2001)	0.31
" Double drug immunosuppression with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil is effective and safe in terms of patient and graft survival as well as incidence and severity of rejection."	( A novel management strategy of steroid-free immunosuppression after liver transplantation: efficacy and safety of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. Braun, F; Canelo, R; Füzesi, L; Lorf, T; Oellerich, M; Ramadori, G; Ringe, B; Schütz, E, 2001)	0.31
"5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 12 h after MMF oral dose) were obtained within the first 2 weeks after transplantation, 3 months after grafting, and at every adverse clinical event [side effect or acute rejection (AR)]."	( Pharmacokinetic basis for the efficient and safe use of low-dose mycophenolate mofetil in combination with tacrolimus in kidney transplantation. Chaib Eddour, D; De Meyer, M; König, J; Malaise, J; Mourad, M; Schepers, R; Squifflet, JP; Wallemacq, P, 2001)	0.31
" We have concluded that, in selected patients with cyclosporine nephrotoxicity, CsA withdrawal with concomitant use of MMF is safe and effective in the improvement of graft function and arterial hypertension."	( [Use of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with a transplanted kidney and cyclosporin nephrotoxicity]. Dimitrijević, J; Drasković-Pavlović, B; Dujić, A; Elaković, D; Hrvacević, R; Ignjatović, Lj; Kronja, G; Marić, M; Vavić, N, )	0.13
" Renal and systemic vasoconstriction, increased release of endothelin-1, decreased production of nitric acid and increased expression of TGF-beta are the major adverse pathophysiologic abnormalities of these agents."	( Nephrotoxicity of immunosuppressive drugs: new insight and preventive strategies. Bennett, WM; de Mattos, AM; Olyaei, AJ, 2001)	0.31
"Eighteen HIV-positive outpatients, given MMF (500 mg po bid) on a compassionate basis as part of their salvage therapy, were monitored for adverse effects."	( Case series assessing the safety of mycophenolate as part of multidrug rescue treatment regimens. Craib, KJ; Harris, M; Kimel, G; Montaner, JS; Press, N; Yip, B, )	0.13
"Five patients discontinued MMF between 26-68 days of follow-up due to adverse effects likely related to other factors."	( Case series assessing the safety of mycophenolate as part of multidrug rescue treatment regimens. Craib, KJ; Harris, M; Kimel, G; Montaner, JS; Press, N; Yip, B, )	0.13
" However, the potential for adverse events and comorbid conditions increases with longer graft survival."	( Reducing adverse effects of immunosuppressive agents in kidney transplant recipients. Aalamian, Z, 2001)	0.31
"Immunosuppression incorporating intravenous cyclophosphamide before and after transplantation is safe and highly effective in sensitized cardiac transplant recipients."	( Intravenous pulse administration of cyclophosphamide is an effective and safe treatment for sensitized cardiac allograft recipients. Burke, E; Edwards, N; Itescu, S; John, R; Lietz, K; Mancini, D; Michler, R; Oz, M; Rose, E, 2002)	0.31
" Adverse effects were renal dysfunction in 26, hypertension in 23, and neurotoxicity in two."	( Effectiveness and safety of mycophenolate mofetil as monotherapy in liver transplantation. Cuervas-Mons, V; Gómez, A; Herreros, A; Jimenez, M; Lopez-Monclus, J; Moreno, JM; Navarrete, E; Revilla, J; Rubio, E; Sánchez Turrión, V, 2003)	0.32
" Twenty-two patients (66%) displayed adverse events: five rejections (15%) including four acute episodes, controlled by CI re-introduction, and one chronic reaction."	( Effectiveness and safety of mycophenolate mofetil as monotherapy in liver transplantation. Cuervas-Mons, V; Gómez, A; Herreros, A; Jimenez, M; Lopez-Monclus, J; Moreno, JM; Navarrete, E; Revilla, J; Rubio, E; Sánchez Turrión, V, 2003)	0.32
" Many of the side effects of MMF were mild; it was safe accompanied by a low incidence of rejection reactions."	( Effectiveness and safety of mycophenolate mofetil as monotherapy in liver transplantation. Cuervas-Mons, V; Gómez, A; Herreros, A; Jimenez, M; Lopez-Monclus, J; Moreno, JM; Navarrete, E; Revilla, J; Rubio, E; Sánchez Turrión, V, 2003)	0.32
" There was no significant correlation between MPA trough levels and the reduction of the PASI or the presence of adverse effects, but a good correlation with therapeutic compliance."	( Plasma trough levels of mycophenolic acid do not correlate with efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in psoriasis. Daudén, E; García-Díez, A; García-F-Villalta, M; Onate, MJ; Ruiz-Genao, D; Sánchez-Peinado, C, 2004)	0.63
" The incidence of GI adverse events (AEs) was similar at 3 months (primary endpoint: EC-MPS 26."	( Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium can be safely administered in maintenance renal transplant patients: results of a 1-year study. Budde, K; Chan, L; Curtis, J; Hall, M; Knoll, G; Neumayer, HH; Seifu, Y, 2004)	0.32
" Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) is an advanced formulation delivering mycophenolic acid (MPA), developed with the objective of improving MPA-related upper GI adverse events."	( Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium: safe conversion from mycophenolate mofetil in maintenance renal transplant recipients. Budde, K; Diekmann, F; Dragun, D; Fritsche, L; Glander, P; Neumayer, HH; Waiser, J, 2004)	0.55
"Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) is designed to reduce mycophenolate acid (MPA)-related upper gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events (AEs)."	( Stable renal transplant recipients can be safely converted from MMF to enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium tablets: Interim results of a multicenter Latin American study. Abbud-Filho, M; Girón, F; Hernández, E; Juarez, F; Liendo, C; Novoa, P; Toledo, M, )	0.13
"Long-term survival after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is mainly influenced by adverse events caused by immunosuppression."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in liver transplant recipients with calcineurin inhibitor-induced renal dysfunction. Graziadei, IW; Koch, RO; Königsrainer, A; Margreiter, R; Nachbaur, K; Schulz, F; Vogel, W, 2004)	0.32
"The use of MMF is associated with slight increases in gastrointestinal adverse effects, some hematologic adverse events, and CMV infections compared with Aza."	( Safety of mycophenolate mofetil versus azathioprine in renal transplantation: a systematic review. Li, H; Li, Y; Lu, Y; Wang, K; Wei, Q; Yang, Y; Zhang, H, 2004)	0.32
" The patient was treated with decontamination and supportive care and recovered with no adverse effect."	( Lack of toxic effects following acute overdose of cellcept (mycophenolate mofetil). Bebarta, VS; Heard, K; Nadelson, C, 2004)	0.32
" Low doses of MMF were chosen to minimize adverse effects and to reduce levels of CNIs without the attendant risks of under-immunosuppression."	( Low-dose mycophenolate mofetil is an effective and safe treatment to permit phased reduction in calcineurin inhibitors in chronic allograft nephropathy. Afzali, B; Chowdhury, P; Goldsmith, D; O'sullivan, H; Shah, S; Taylor, J, 2005)	0.33
" Safety assessment consisted of a description of the adverse events (AEs)."	( Open-label, multicenter study on the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of Simulect in pediatric renal transplant recipients receiving triple therapy with cyclosporin, mycophenolate, and corticosteroids. de Boccardo, G; Garsd, A; Goldberg, J; Otero, A; Rilo, LR; Turconi, A, 2005)	0.33
"In patients with low CTLpf long after kidney transplantation, a 50% reduction of immunosuppression is safe and further decreasing their immunosuppressive load is the obvious next step."	( Reduction of immunosuppressive load in renal transplant recipients with a low donor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor frequency is safe. de Kuiper, P; Ijzermans, JN; Rischen-Vos, J; van Besouw, NM; van de Wetering, J; van der Mast, BJ; Weimar, W, 2005)	0.33
" A 12-month, multicenter, double-blind, randomized clinical study demonstrated that converting maintenance renal transplant patients from mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) to EC-MPS is safe and does not affect efficacy."	( Safety and efficacy after conversion from mycophenolate mofetil to enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium: results of a 1-year extension study. Budde, K; Curtis, J; Kahana, L; Knoll, G; Neumayer, HH; Pohanka, E; Seifu, Y, 2005)	0.33
"The immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil (MMF; CellCept) has greatly improved transplant recipients' clinical outcomes, but its efficacy may be limited by dose adjustments due to adverse events (AEs)."	( Safety assessment of the conversion from mycophenolate mofetil to enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in stable renal transplant recipients. Castro, C; Duro-Garcia, V; Girón, F; Hernández, E; Juárez, F; Massari, P; Toledo, M, 2005)	0.33
"Careful steroid withdrawal from a platform of tacrolimus and MMF is safe and not associated with a significant risk of rejection or graft dysfunction."	( Late steroid withdrawal for renal transplant recipients on tacrolimus and MMF is safe. Borrows, R; Cairns, T; Griffith, M; Hakim, N; Loucaidou, M; McLean, AG; Palmer, A; Papalois, V; Taube, D, 2005)	0.33
"Neurotoxicity is a well-recognized side effect of calcineurin inhibitors."	( Successful conversion to rapamycin for calcineurin inhibitor-related neurotoxicity following liver transplantation. Forgacs, B; Lappin, J; Merhav, HJ; Mieles, L, 2005)	0.33
" None of the patients had toxic levels tacrolimus (>15 ng/mL) at the time of symptoms, which persisted despite reduction of CNI dose."	( Successful conversion to rapamycin for calcineurin inhibitor-related neurotoxicity following liver transplantation. Forgacs, B; Lappin, J; Merhav, HJ; Mieles, L, 2005)	0.33
" Graft function, incidence of acute rejection (AR), findings of protocol graft biopsy and adverse effects were compared."	( Quadruple immunosuppression with basiliximab, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone is safe and effective for renal transplantation. Fukuzawa, N; Harada, H; Hirano, T; Iwami, D; Miura, M; Ogawa, Y; Satoh, H; Seki, T; Taniguchi, A; Togashi, M, 2005)	0.33
" This regimen is safe and effective for application during the early period after renal transplantation."	( Quadruple immunosuppression with basiliximab, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone is safe and effective for renal transplantation. Fukuzawa, N; Harada, H; Hirano, T; Iwami, D; Miura, M; Ogawa, Y; Satoh, H; Seki, T; Taniguchi, A; Togashi, M, 2005)	0.33
" Lipid profile, oral glucose tolerance, and adverse events were monitored."	( Efficacy and cardiovascular safety of daclizumab, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, and early steroid withdrawal in renal transplant recipients: a multicenter, prospective, pilot trial. Abramowicz, D; Kuypers, D; Meurisse, M; Mourad, M; Squifflet, JP; Vanrenterghem, Y; Wissing, M, 2005)	0.33
" Early steroid withdrawal in pediatric renal transplant recipients is efficacious and safe and does not increase risk of rejection, preserving optimal growth and renal function, and reducing cardiovascular risk factors."	( Early discontinuation of steroids is safe and effective in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Benedetti, E; Briars, L; John, E; Knight, PS; Kraft, KA; Lumpaopong, A; Oberholzer, J; Sankary, HN; Testa, G; Verghese, P, 2005)	0.33
" Data are accumulating that toxicity-sparing regimens involving MMF are safe and decrease the risk of side effects that accompany the use of CNIs and steroids."	( Toxicity-sparing protocols using mycophenolate mofetil in renal transplantation. Land, W; Vincenti, F, 2005)	0.33
"5 million adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports for 8620 drugs/biologics that are listed for 1191 Coding Symbols for Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction (COSTAR) terms of adverse effects."	( Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling. Benz, RD; Contrera, JF; Kruhlak, NL; Matthews, EJ; Weaver, JL, 2004)	0.32
" The spectrum of adverse events induced by sirolimus seemed to be mild relative to the potency of the immunosuppressive effect."	( Successful reversal of acute vascular rejection and cyclosporine-associated nephrotoxicity in renal allograft with combined sirolimus and mycophenolate mofetil as immunotherapy. Foroncewicz, B; Mucha, K; Ołdakowska-Jedynak, U; Paczek, L; Perkowska-Ptasińska, A, )	0.13
"9% of the reported GI adverse events (AEs) were rated as mild or moderate."	( Efficacy and safety of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (myfortic) in de novo renal transplant recipients: results of a 12-month multicenter, open-label, prospective study. Antoniadis, A; Klinger, M; Vitko, S; Vogt, B, 2006)	0.33
" The most common reason for initiating MMF was an adverse effect of a prior immunomodulatory agent."	( Mycophenolate mofetil is safe, well tolerated, and preserves lung function in patients with connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease. Brown, KK; Cosgrove, GP; Fischer, A; Frankel, SK; Lynch, DA; Meehan, RT; Olson, AL; Swigris, JJ, 2006)	0.33
"MMF appears to be safe and well tolerated in patients with CTD-ILD."	( Mycophenolate mofetil is safe, well tolerated, and preserves lung function in patients with connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease. Brown, KK; Cosgrove, GP; Fischer, A; Frankel, SK; Lynch, DA; Meehan, RT; Olson, AL; Swigris, JJ, 2006)	0.33
" The main adverse event under SRL therapy was a transient hyperlipidemia in 70% of patients."	( SRL-based immunosuppression vs. CNI minimization in pediatric renal transplant recipients with chronic CNI nephrotoxicity. Feneberg, R; Höcker, B; Köpf, S; Tönshoff, B; Waldherr, R; Weber, LT; Wühl, E, 2006)	0.33
" Prevention of allograft nephropathy requires a balance of maintaining adequate immunosuppression, while avoiding the toxic effects of CNIs."	( Treatment strategies in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients with calcineurin inhibitor-induced nephrotoxicity. Höcker, B; Tönshoff, B, 2006)	0.33
" For on-treatment patients > 95% of the planned daily dose of EC-MPS was administered, and < 13% of patients in both groups had discontinued EC-MPS due to adverse events by 24 months."	( Long-term safety and efficacy after conversion of maintenance renal transplant recipients from mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) to enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPA, myfortic). Budde, K; Chan, L; Curtis, J; Gentil, M; Knoll, G; Marrast, AC; Neumayer, HH; Pohanka, E; Seifu, Y, 2006)	0.33
"These data demonstrate that long-term use of EC-MPS is effective and has an acceptable tolerability profile in renal transplant patients, and confirm that conversion of maintenance renal transplant patients from MMF to EC-MPS is a safe therapeutic option."	( Long-term safety and efficacy after conversion of maintenance renal transplant recipients from mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) to enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPA, myfortic). Budde, K; Chan, L; Curtis, J; Gentil, M; Knoll, G; Marrast, AC; Neumayer, HH; Pohanka, E; Seifu, Y, 2006)	0.33
" During the first 24 months of the extension, the incidence, type and severity of adverse events were comparable between the newly-exposed and long-term EC-MPS patients."	( Long-term administration of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS; myfortic) is safe in kidney transplant patients. Bertoni, E; Civati, G; Holzer, H; Lien, B; Marrast, AC; Salvadori, M; Seifu, Y; Sollinger, H; Tomlanovich, S, 2006)	0.33
"We investigated whether high-dose Mizoribine (MIZ: a water-soluble anti-metabolite), 4-6 mg/kg/d was as effective and safe as mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for patients after kidney transplantation."	( Revival of effective and safe high-dose mizoribine for the kidney transplantation. Doi, A; Hirakata, H; Kitada, H; Ota, M; Sugitani, A; Tanaka, M; Yoshida, J, )	0.13
"To analyze the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as monotherapy in liver transplant patients who have adverse effects associated with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs)."	( Efficacy and safety of monotherapy with mycophenolate mofetil in liver transplantation. de la Cruz Lombardo, J; Jiménez-Pérez, M; Lozano Rey, JM; Marín García, D; Olmedo Martín, R; Rodrigo López, JM, 2006)	0.33
"Seventeen patients, 13 men and four women, mean age 62 years, who received a liver transplant between 1998 and 2003 and initial immunosuppressive therapy with CNIs (10 tacrolimus and seven cyclosporine), were converted to monotherapy with MMF due to adverse events associated with CNIs: chronic renal failure in 16 patients (four with diabetes mellitus and seven with hypertension) and neurotoxicity in one patient."	( Efficacy and safety of monotherapy with mycophenolate mofetil in liver transplantation. de la Cruz Lombardo, J; Jiménez-Pérez, M; Lozano Rey, JM; Marín García, D; Olmedo Martín, R; Rodrigo López, JM, 2006)	0.33
" Other, minor adverse events were corrected by adjusting the dose: one herpes zoster, two diarrhea, and two anemia."	( Efficacy and safety of monotherapy with mycophenolate mofetil in liver transplantation. de la Cruz Lombardo, J; Jiménez-Pérez, M; Lozano Rey, JM; Marín García, D; Olmedo Martín, R; Rodrigo López, JM, 2006)	0.33
" Acyl-MPAG, a toxic metabolite of MPA, may be produced by GI cells contributing to MPA-related gut toxicity, suggesting that measures to alter the rate or location of MPA absorption could be beneficial."	( Noninfectious gastrointestinal (GI) complications of mycophenolic acid therapy: a consequence of local GI toxicity? Arns, W, )	0.38
" Adverse events were similar between treatment groups."	( Reduced-exposure cyclosporine is safe and efficacious in de novo renal transplant recipients treated with enteric-coated mycophenolic acid and basiliximab. Bosmans, JL; Budde, K; Fischer, W; Glander, P; Neumayer, HH; Pisarski, P; Schütz, M; Sennesael, J; Zeier, M, 2007)	0.55
"These results indicate that enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium with reduced-exposure cyclosporine, steroids and basiliximab induction has an excellent therapeutic effect and is safe in de novo kidney transplant recipients."	( Reduced-exposure cyclosporine is safe and efficacious in de novo renal transplant recipients treated with enteric-coated mycophenolic acid and basiliximab. Bosmans, JL; Budde, K; Fischer, W; Glander, P; Neumayer, HH; Pisarski, P; Schütz, M; Sennesael, J; Zeier, M, 2007)	0.55
" Gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events are common following renal transplantation and all immunosuppressive regimens have been associated with such events."	( Gastrointestinal side effects of mycophenolic acid in renal transplant patients: a reappraisal. Davies, NM; Grinyó, J; Heading, R; Maes, B; Meier-Kriesche, HU; Oellerich, M, 2007)	0.62
" Early results of this ongoing study indicate that a tolerogenic protocol with alemtuzumab induction and tacrolimus maintenance monotherapy is safe in immunologically high-risk renal transplant patients."	( Alemtuzumab (Campath 1H) induction with tacrolimus monotherapy is safe for high immunological risk renal transplantation. Gugliuzza, KK; Lappin, JA; Rajaraman, S; Thomas, PG; Vaidya, S; Woodside, KJ, 2007)	0.34
" Gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events were reported in 354 patients (77."	( Efficacy and safety of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in de novo renal transplant recipients: pooled data from three 12-month multicenter, open-label, prospective studies. Budde, K; Cohen, D; Legendre, C; Rostaing, L; Zeier, M, 2007)	0.34
" High EC-MPS dosing was sustained throughout (>90% recommended dose) and dose modifications due to EC-MPS-related adverse events or infections were infrequent."	( Efficacy and safety of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in de novo renal transplant recipients: pooled data from three 12-month multicenter, open-label, prospective studies. Budde, K; Cohen, D; Legendre, C; Rostaing, L; Zeier, M, 2007)	0.34
" We start from the assumption that the concomitant use of cyclosporin with mycophenolate mofetil and lamivudine, despite normal concentrations of cyclosporin, might cause the accumulation of toxic metabolites and lead to neurotoxicity that mimics PML in a chronic viral environment."	( Neurotoxicity that may mimic progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patient with transplanted kidney. Janković, S; Marović, A; Matijaca, M; Pintarić, I; Vlasić-Matas, J, 2007)	0.34
" EC-MPS is a safe and effective immunosuppressive agent approved for use in the prevention of acute rejection after renal transplantation."	( Safety considerations with mycophenolate sodium. Buffo, I; Filler, G, 2007)	0.34
" The most frequent adverse effects included diarrhea, delayed graft function, anemia, and lymphocele."	( Results of a 6-month, multicenter, open-label, prospective study concerning efficacy and safety of mycophenolate sodium in de novo kidney transplant recipients. Durlik, M; Niemczyk, M; Wiecek, A; Wyzgał, J; Ziółkowski, J, 2007)	0.34
" However, the CNIs have a significant adverse impact on renal function and cardiovascular disease, and extended long-term graft survival has not been achieved."	( Calcineurin inhibitor-sparing regimens in solid organ transplantation: focus on improving renal function and nephrotoxicity. Flechner, SM; Klintmalm, G; Kobashigawa, J, )	0.13
" None of the patients in this group discontinued the study medication due to drug-induced adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in de novo and maintenance renal transplant patients. Aykas, A; Hoşcoşkun, C; Nart, A; Sipahi, S; Toz, H; Uslu, A, )	0.13
" In summary, after long-term follow-up, a CNI-free maintenance regimen consisting of sirolimus, MMF, and steroids was both safe and efficacious among low to moderate immunologic risk renal transplant recipients."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of a calcineurin inhibitor-free regimen in live-donor renal transplant recipients. Bakr, MA; Ghoneim, MA; Hamdy, AF, 2008)	0.35
" Therefore MMF should be avoided during pregnancy and safe contraceptive methods provided."	( The safety of mycophenolate mofetil in pregnancy. D'Cruz, DP; Pisoni, CN, 2008)	0.35
" This study shows that adding daclizumab at 1 mg/kg to standard immunosuppressive therapy provides safe and effective IL-2R blockade."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of daclizumab in pediatric renal transplant recipients. Alexander, SR; Bouw, MR; Colombani, P; Knechtle, S; Nevins, T; Nieforth, K; Pescovitz, MD, 2008)	0.35
" No reduced incidence of MMF-related adverse events (AEs) was observed in either of the 2 trials when MMF concentration-controlled and fixed dosing were compared."	( Current target ranges of mycophenolic acid exposure and drug-related adverse events: a 5-year, open-label, prospective, clinical follow-up study in renal allograft recipients. de Jonge, H; de Loor, H; Dekens, M; Halewijck, E; Kuypers, DR; Naesens, M; Vanrenterghem, Y, 2008)	0.65
" Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a less toxic immunosuppressive drug, has been proposed as a therapeutic alternative."	( Mycophenolate mofetil in anti-MPO renal vasculitis: an alternative therapy in case of cyclophosphamide or azathioprine toxicity. Bestard, O; Grinyó, JM; Ibernon, M; Poveda, R; Vidaller, A, 2008)	0.35
"1 years) with anti-MPO renal vasculitis who were switched from standard therapy to MMF because of drug-related adverse effects: leukopenia, toxic hepatitis, nausea, hair loss or appearance of carcinoma."	( Mycophenolate mofetil in anti-MPO renal vasculitis: an alternative therapy in case of cyclophosphamide or azathioprine toxicity. Bestard, O; Grinyó, JM; Ibernon, M; Poveda, R; Vidaller, A, 2008)	0.35
" The most frequent adverse events were infections and gastrointestinal (abdominal pain, diarrhea, dyspepsia, and vomiting)."	( Phase 1 dose-escalation study of CP-690 550 in stable renal allograft recipients: preliminary findings of safety, tolerability, effects on lymphocyte subsets and pharmacokinetics. Brennan, D; Chan, G; Chow, V; Gaston, R; Krishnaswami, S; Mendez, R; Ni, G; Pescovitz, MD; Pirsch, J; Swan, S; van Gurp, E; Wang, C; Weimar, W, 2008)	0.35
"It is safe for patients with CAN to use substitute sirolimus for CNI; the incidence of acute rejection did not increase."	( Observation of efficacy and safety of converting the calcineurin inhibitor to sirolimus in renal transplant recipients with chronic allograft nephropathy. Chen, J; Cheng, D; Cheng, Z; Ji, S; Li, L; Liu, Z; Sha, G; Sun, Q; Tang, Z; Wen, J, 2008)	0.35
" MPA is also converted to acyl-glucuronide metabolite (AcylMPAG), which has been suggested to be involved in the generation of MPA-related adverse events such as diarrhea or leucopenia."	( AcylMPAG plasma concentrations and mycophenolic acid-related side effects in patients undergoing renal transplantation are not related to the UGT2B7-840G>A gene polymorphism. Armstrong, VW; Budde, K; de Fijter, H; Hartmann, A; Kuypers, D; Le Meur, Y; Mamelok, RD; Oellerich, M; Pisarski, P; van Agteren, M; van der Werf, M; van Gelder, T; van Schaik, RH; Zeier, M, 2008)	0.62
" Gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events associated with MMF are frequent, and lead to MMF dose reduction or withdrawal in 40-50% of cases."	( Impact of gastrointestinal-related side effects on mycophenolate mofetil dosing and potential therapeutic strategies. Ambühl, PM; Bunnapradist, S, )	0.13
" Renal function was similar in both treatment groups, and there were no significant between-treatment differences in the incidence of adverse events or infections."	( Efficacy and safety of basiliximab in pediatric renal transplant patients receiving cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroids. Bulla, M; Cochat, P; Fehrenbach, H; Fischer, W; Foulard, M; Höcker, B; Hoppe, B; Hoyer, PF; Jungraithmayr, TC; Klaus, G; Krauss, M; Latta, K; Leichter, H; Mihatsch, MJ; Misselwitz, J; Montoya, C; Müller-Wiefel, DE; Neuhaus, TJ; Offner, G; Pape, L; Plank, C; Querfeld, U; Schwarke, D; Toenshoff, B; Wygoda, S; Zimmerhackl, LB, 2008)	0.35
"MMF monotherapy is a safe alternative in patients with posttransplant renal failure secondary to the use of CNIs."	( Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil monotherapy in liver transplant patients with renal failure induced by calcineurin inhibitors. Alamo Martínez, JM; Barrera Pulido, L; Bernal Bellido, C; Bernardos Rodríguez, A; García González, I; Gómez Bravo, MA; Pareja Ciuró, F; Pascasio Acevedo, JM; Serrano Díez-Canedo, J; Suárez Artacho, G, 2008)	0.35
"Leukopenia and diarrhea are the predominant adverse events associated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), leading to dose reduction or discontinuation in children."	( UGT genotype may contribute to adverse events following medication with mycophenolate mofetil in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Curtsinger, KL; Ellis, EN; Fukuda, T; Goebel, J; Liu, C; Maseck, D; Nick, TG; Prausa, SE; Sherbotie, JR; Vinks, AA; Zhang, K, 2009)	0.35
" MMF monotherapy may be efficient at reversing/stabilizing CRD, and appears relatively safe in terms of liver graft function in long-term liver-transplanted patients."	( Mycophenolate mofetil monotherapy for severe side effects of calcineurin inhibitors following liver transplantation. Boleslawski, E; Declerck, N; Dharancy, S; Gugenheim, J; Hulin, A; Iannelli, A; Mathurin, P; Pruvot, FR; Schneck, AS, 2009)	0.35
" Most adverse events were transient and did not require change in therapy."	( The effectiveness and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in lupus nephritis. Ballou, S; Elyan, M, 2009)	0.35
"Gastrointestinal discomfort is one of the main adverse events in patients treated with mycophenolic acid (MPA)."	( Successful conversion from mycophenolate mofetil to enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (myfortic) in liver transplant patients with gastrointestinal side effects. Aerts, R; Cassiman, D; Monbaliu, D; Nevens, F; Pirenne, J; Robaeys, G; Verslype, C, 2009)	0.58
"Mycophenolate sodium appears to be an effective and safe alternative in the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris."	( Efficacy and safety of long-term mycophenolate sodium therapy in pemphigus vulgaris. Baskan, EB; Saricaoglu, H; Tunali, S; Yilmaz, M, 2009)	0.35
" This scenario presents a clear need for new strategies that produce adequate immunosuppression to prevent acute rejection and simultaneously reduce adverse effects associated with CNI-related therapies."	( There is a choice for immunosuppressive drug nephrotoxicity: Is it time to change? Gesualdo, L; Infante, B; Stallone, G, )	0.13
" However, long-term efficacy and adverse events are barely known."	( Maintenance immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil: long-term efficacy and safety after heart transplantation. Dandel, M; Hetzer, R; Jasaityte, R; Knosalla, C; Lehmkuhl, H, )	0.13
" We analyzed the survival, number, and severity of ARE, development of coronary allograft vasculopathy (CAV), and main adverse effects (infections, tumors)."	( Maintenance immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil: long-term efficacy and safety after heart transplantation. Dandel, M; Hetzer, R; Jasaityte, R; Knosalla, C; Lehmkuhl, H, )	0.13
" During Visit 2 and 3 the following were recorded: impact of treatment change on the severity of GI symptoms (4 point scale: 1-worsening, 2-no change, 3-improvement, 4-resolution), EC-MPS tolerance, adverse events (AEs), patient compliance and physician satisfaction with treatment (4 point scale: 1-bad, 2-fair, 3-good, 4-very good)."	( Safety and tolerance of sodium mycophenolate in patients after renal transplantation--an observational study. Baczkowska, T; Chmura, A; Cieciura, T; Durlik, M; Gozdowska, J; Matlosz, B; Pazik, J; Szmidt, J; Urbanowicz, A, 2009)	0.35
"The following was concluded in our study: (1) sodium mycophenolate is well tolerated; (2) after switching from MMF to EC-MPS, gastrointestinal symptoms alleviated; (3) EC-MPS is a safe medication, with a low adverse events rate."	( Safety and tolerance of sodium mycophenolate in patients after renal transplantation--an observational study. Baczkowska, T; Chmura, A; Cieciura, T; Durlik, M; Gozdowska, J; Matlosz, B; Pazik, J; Szmidt, J; Urbanowicz, A, 2009)	0.35
"In conclusion after successful conversion to MMF monotherapy this regime is safe and effective and the long-term effects of MMF monotherapy on the liver tissue are minor."	( Safety of mycophenolate mofetil monotherapy in patients after liver transplantation. Bova, R; Kamphues, C; Neuhaus, P; Neuhaus, R; Neumann, UP; Pratschke, J; Röcken, C, )	0.13
" Adverse events were monitored."	( Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil for lichen planopilaris. Chiang, C; Cho, BK; Chwalek, J; Ochoa, B; Price, VH; Roseborough, I; Sah, D, 2010)	0.36
" Four patients withdrew from the trial because of adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil for lichen planopilaris. Chiang, C; Cho, BK; Chwalek, J; Ochoa, B; Price, VH; Roseborough, I; Sah, D, 2010)	0.36
"Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an effective and commonly used immunosuppressant but has frequent adverse events."	( Genetic polymorphisms influence mycophenolate mofetil-related adverse events in pediatric heart transplant patients. Brooks, MM; Burckart, GJ; Chen, Y; Girnita, DM; Ohmann, EL; Pravica, V; Webber, SA; Zeevi, A, 2010)	0.36
" Bone marrow toxicity was evaluated using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 3 (CTCAE)."	( Genetic polymorphisms influence mycophenolate mofetil-related adverse events in pediatric heart transplant patients. Brooks, MM; Burckart, GJ; Chen, Y; Girnita, DM; Ohmann, EL; Pravica, V; Webber, SA; Zeevi, A, 2010)	0.36
" Thus, genetic polymorphisms may directly influence MMF adverse events."	( Genetic polymorphisms influence mycophenolate mofetil-related adverse events in pediatric heart transplant patients. Brooks, MM; Burckart, GJ; Chen, Y; Girnita, DM; Ohmann, EL; Pravica, V; Webber, SA; Zeevi, A, 2010)	0.36
" We evaluated the incidence of adverse events (AEs), tested specific group differences and assessed the relationship of selected AEs with drug levels."	( Cyclosporine, tacrolimus and sirolimus retain their distinct toxicity profiles despite low doses in the Symphony study. Bernasconi, C; Ekberg, H; Erken, U; Ketteler, M; Mjörnstedt, L; Navrátil, P; Nöldeke, J; Yussim, A, 2010)	0.36
" The identification of appropriate candidates and safe management of SRL-related adverse events will be a key to avoid the high rate of dropouts, which currently limit the broad applicability of this protocol."	( Renal function, efficacy, and safety of sirolimus and mycophenolate mofetil after short-term calcineurin inhibitor-based quadruple therapy in de novo renal transplant patients: one-year analysis of a randomized multicenter trial. Andrassy, J; Banas, B; Brockmann, J; Fischereder, M; Guba, M; Hakenberg, O; Hugo, C; Illner, WD; Jauch, KW; Krämer, BK; Nohr-Westphal, C; Pascher, A; Pratschke, J; Pressmar, K; Reinke, P, 2010)	0.36
" Long-term, high-dose steroid therapy can result in serious adverse effects."	( Adjuvant drugs in autoimmune bullous diseases, efficacy versus safety: Facts and controversies. Puca, RV; Ruocco, E; Ruocco, V; Schiavo, AL, )	0.13
"We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to compare complete remission and adverse events (that is, infection, leukopenia, and gastrointestinal [GI] symptoms) between mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and cyclophosphamide (CYC) for the treatment of lupus nephritis (LN)."	( Efficacy and adverse events of mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclophosphamide for induction therapy of lupus nephritis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Attia, J; Ingsathit, A; Kamanamool, N; McEvoy, M; Ngamjanyaporn, P; Thakkinstian, A, 2010)	0.36
" The aims of this study were as follows (i) to assess whether higher doses of MMF are being utilized in African American (AA) PKTX (ii) to determine whether there is a correlation between MMF dose and outcomes between races, and (iii) to assess the adverse effects of MMF between races."	( A critical analysis of racial difference with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) dosing, clinical outcomes and adverse effects in pediatric kidney transplant patients. Baliga, PK; Chavin, KD; Jensen, CJ; Orak, J; Shatat, IF; Shrivastava, S; Taber, DJ; Weimert, NA, )	0.13
" A warning on the severe adverse events strictly linked to immune suppression (i."	( Mycophenolic acid in rheumatology: mechanisms of action and severe adverse events. De Santis, M; Ferraccioli, GF; Zizzo, G, )	1.57
" On the whole, the percentage of patients who experienced adverse events causing interruption of MMF therapy were numerically lower in children (4."	( Comparison of MMF efficacy and safety in paediatric vs. adult renal transplantation: subgroup analysis of the randomised, multicentre FDCC trial. Dehennault, M; Garcia Meseguer, C; Höcker, B; Machado, P; Martin-Govantes, J; Rubik, J; Tedesco, H; Tönshoff, B; van Gelder, T, 2011)	0.37
" A safe and effective immunosuppressive agent that does not predispose to viral infection is needed in transplantation."	( Assessment of efficacy and safety of FK778 in comparison with standard care in renal transplant recipients with untreated BK nephropathy. First, MR; Fitzsimmons, W; Guasch, A; Holman, J; Roy-Chaudhury, P; Woodle, ES, 2010)	0.36
" Although the treatment with FK778 decreased BK viral load in this study, it was associated with a less favorable rejection profile and renal function and a higher incidence of serious adverse events compared with reduction of immunosuppression."	( Assessment of efficacy and safety of FK778 in comparison with standard care in renal transplant recipients with untreated BK nephropathy. First, MR; Fitzsimmons, W; Guasch, A; Holman, J; Roy-Chaudhury, P; Woodle, ES, 2010)	0.36
" If in the second step a total of 27 or more patients reach the primary endpoint the regimen is regarded to be safe and efficient."	( Study protocol: a pilot study to determine the safety and efficacy of induction-therapy, de novo MPA and delayed mTOR-inhibition in liver transplant recipients with impaired renal function. PATRON-study. Farkas, SA; Geissler, EK; Loss, M; Obed, A; Rochon, J; Scherer, MN; Schlitt, HJ; Schnitzbauer, AA; Sothmann, J, 2010)	0.36
"If a CNI-free-"bottom-up" IS strategy is safe and effective, this may be an innovative concept in contrast to classic top-down strategies that could improve the patient short and long-time renal function as well as overall complications and survival after LT."	( Study protocol: a pilot study to determine the safety and efficacy of induction-therapy, de novo MPA and delayed mTOR-inhibition in liver transplant recipients with impaired renal function. PATRON-study. Farkas, SA; Geissler, EK; Loss, M; Obed, A; Rochon, J; Scherer, MN; Schlitt, HJ; Schnitzbauer, AA; Sothmann, J, 2010)	0.36
"The aim of the study is to characterize the pharmacokinetics and the gastrointestinal side effect profiles of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) in de novo kidney transplant patients of Hispanic ethnicity."	( The pharmacokinetics of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium and its gastrointestinal side effects in de novo renal transplant recipients of Hispanic ethnicity. Hutchinson, I; Min, DI; Qazi, Y; Shah, T; Tellez-Corrales, E; Wang, J; Wilson, J; Yang, JW, 2011)	0.37
" The main challenges now facing pediatricians include ensuring long-term quality of life, optimizing immunosuppression while preventing associated adverse events, and managing a smooth transition from childhood to adolescence and adulthood."	( Safety and efficacy of tacrolimus in pediatric liver recipients. Kelly, D, 2011)	0.37
"MMF seems safe and effective as first-line therapy in inducing and maintaining remission in treatment-naive patients with AIH, having a significant and rapid steroid sparing effect as attested by the fact that so far, 37% (22/59) of AIH patients achieved CR off prednisolone."	( Mycophenolate for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis: prospective assessment of its efficacy and safety for induction and maintenance of remission in a large cohort of treatment-naïve patients. Dalekos, GN; Gatselis, N; Papadamou, G; Rigopoulou, EI; Zachou, K, 2011)	0.37
" In conclusion, low-dose rATG induction therapy is safe and effective in patients older than 65."	( Low-dose thymoglobulin use in elderly renal transplant recipients is safe and effective induction therapy. Alnimri, M; Kohli, R; Laftavi, MR; Pankewycz, O; Patel, S; Said, M; Soliman, MR, 2011)	0.37
"To study the hematologic adverse effects and differences between azathioprine and mycophenolate used as maintenance immunosuppressive therapy."	( Hematologic side effects of azathioprine and mycophenolate in kidney transplantation. Habas, E; Khammaj, A; Rayani, A, 2011)	0.37
"Mycophenolate and azathioprine hematologic adverse effect are not significantly different as long as close observation and follow-up are performed."	( Hematologic side effects of azathioprine and mycophenolate in kidney transplantation. Habas, E; Khammaj, A; Rayani, A, 2011)	0.37
" Adverse gastrointestinal effects were observed in 33."	( Efficacy and safety of combined cyclosporin A and mycophenolate mofetil therapy in patients with cyclosporin-resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Camps Doménech, J; Majó Masferrer, J; Pou Clavé, L; Segarra Medrano, A; Vila Presas, J, 2011)	0.37
"EC-MPS was an effective adjunctive therapy for de novo as well as maintenance renal transplant recipients in the Turkish population due to a relatively low incidence of dose reductions necessitated by adverse events as well as with an increased likelihood of long-term graft survival."	( Evaluation of efficacy and safety of mycophenolate sodium in patients with de novo and maintenance renal transplantation: results of a multicenter, prospective, observational study. Apaydin, S; Arinsoy, T; Celik, A; Gonenc, F; Guvence, N; Kacar, S; Mir, S; Titiz, I; Turkmen, A; Uslu, A, 2011)	0.37
"Mycophenolic acid, in combination with glucocorticoids, has been shown in a series of trials to be safe and effective for treatment of lupus nephritis."	( Efficacy and safety of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in combination with two glucocorticoid regimens for the treatment of active lupus nephritis. Amoura, Z; Aroca, G; Bernhardt, P; Boletis, I; Doria, A; Hiepe, F; Jayne, D; Lan, J; Prestele, H; Zeher, M, 2011)	1.81
" The rates of serious adverse events, including infections, were similar in both groups."	( Efficacy and safety of rituximab in patients with active proliferative lupus nephritis: the Lupus Nephritis Assessment with Rituximab study. Appel, G; Brunetta, P; Fervenza, FC; Furie, R; Garg, JP; Latinis, K; Looney, RJ; Maciuca, R; Rovin, BH; Sanchez-Guerrero, J; Zhang, D, 2012)	0.38
" Myfortic with tacrolimus-based immunosuppression was efficient and safe after de novo renal transplantation in Korean patients."	( A 6-month, open-label, multicenter clinical study in Korean de novo renal transplant patients evaluating the efficacy, safety, and tolerance of myfortic concomitantly used with tacrolimus. Ju, MK; Kim, SJ; Kim, YS; Moon, IS; Park, SH, 2012)	0.38
" Multivariate modeling showed no significant effect of baseline MPA dose on 12-month risk of biopsy-proven acute rejection, graft loss or estimated GFR, or on safety events including MPA discontinuation other than a higher rate of gastrointestinal adverse events in patients with an initial MPA dose>2000 mg (p=0."	( Association of mycophenolic acid dose with efficacy and safety events in kidney transplant patients receiving tacrolimus: an analysis of the Mycophenolic acid Observational REnal transplant registry. Chan, L; Doria, C; Greenstein, S; McCague, K; Narayanan, M; Sankari, B; Ueda, K; Wiland, A, )	0.48
" No severe adverse events that were related to combined immunosuppressive therapy occurred."	( Effect and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis: a retrospective study. Brill, AK; Geiser, T; Ott, SR, 2013)	0.39
"This study indicates that the addition of MMF to corticosteroids is a viable and safe treatment option in CPS."	( Effect and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis: a retrospective study. Brill, AK; Geiser, T; Ott, SR, 2013)	0.39
"Elderly kidney transplant recipients receiving rabbit antithymocyte globulin did not experience different short-term graft survival, graft function or rates of infection, malignancy or hematologic adverse reactions than did nonelderly patients; they experienced fewer episodes of delayed graft function, but had lower 3-year patient survival."	( Evaluating safety and efficacy of rabbit antithymocyte globulin induction in elderly kidney transplant recipients. Campos, S; Dinh, DB; Feyssa, EL; Jawa, P; Khanmoradi, K; Knorr, JP; Ortiz, JA; Parsikia, A; Zaki, RF, 2013)	0.39
" The elements of the MPA REMS include a medication guide and elements to assure safe use (ETASU)."	( Mycophenolate fetal toxicity and risk evaluation and mitigation strategies. Gabardi, S; Kim, M; Rostas, S, 2013)	0.39
" MPA was discontinued exclusively because of adverse events (16."	( Safety profile comparing azathioprine and mycophenolate in kidney transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus and corticosteroids. Cristelli, MP; Franco, MF; Medina-Pestana, JO; Tedesco-Silva, H, 2013)	0.39
" The safety of the study drug was assessed using the incidences of adverse events, drug discontinuations, and abnormal laboratory results."	( Mizoribine versus mycophenolate mofetil in combination therapy with tacrolimus for de novo kidney transplantation: evaluation of efficacy and safety. Cho, BH; Huh, KH; Joo, DJ; Ju, MK; Kang, CM; Kim, CD; Kim, SJ; Kim, YS; Lee, S; Park, KT; So, BJ, 2013)	0.39
" Serious adverse events occurred in 27."	( Efficacy and safety of ocrelizumab in active proliferative lupus nephritis: results from a randomized, double-blind, phase III study. Bijl, M; Brunetta, P; Close, D; Drappa, J; Furie, RA; Guzman, R; Houssiau, FA; Jayne, D; Maciuca, R; Mysler, EF; Rao, K; Shahdad, S; Spindler, AJ, 2013)	0.39
" In this study, we aimed to assess the relation between the pharmacokinetic parameters of MMF metabolites (mycophenolic acid [MPA] and 7-O-MPA glucuronide [MPAG]) and the adverse effects on the hematopoietic system in renal transplant recipients."	( Effect of mycophenolate mofetil on hematological side effects incidence in renal transplant recipients. Chrzanowska, M; Duda, G; Głyda, M; Kamińska, J; Sobiak, J, )	0.34
" There were 4 significant infectious adverse events during a total of 21."	( The safety and efficacy of noncorticosteroid triple immunosuppressive therapy in the treatment of refractory chronic noninfectious uveitis in childhood. Dick, AD; Guly, CM; Hinchcliffe, A; Lee, RW; Little, JA; Ramanan, AV; Sen, ES; Strike, H, 2014)	0.4
" Two cases of serious adverse events were associated with cytomegalovirus infection in the multi-target group, namely gastric ulcer and pancytopenia, both of which were successfully treated by antiviral therapy."	( Efficacy and safety of multi-target therapy using a combination of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and a steroid in patients with active lupus nephritis. Hiromura, K; Ikeuchi, H; Kaneko, Y; Kuroiwa, T; Maeshima, A; Mishima, K; Nojima, Y; Sakairi, T; Sakurai, N; Takahashi, S, 2014)	0.4
" Safety data were compared by calculating the weekly incidence rates (as percentages) for adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of systemic treatments for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a systematic review. Kuester, D; Limpens, J; Roekevisch, E; Schmitt, J; Spuls, PI, 2014)	0.4
"MZR is an effective and safe immunosuppressive agent and high-dose MZR can be recommended as an alternative to MMF following adult renal transplantation in Asia, but hyperuricemia and liver damage should be closely monitored during the medication period."	( Comparative efficacy and safety of mizoribine with mycophenolate mofetil for Asian renal transplantation--a meta-analysis. Xing, S; Yang, J; Zhang, X; Zhou, P, 2014)	0.4
" The most common side effect of Mycept was hematologic and infectious."	( Pilot study on the efficacy and safety of generic mycophenolate mofetil (Mycept) compared with Cellcept among incident low-risk primary kidney transplant recipients. Bacinillo, M; Danguilan, RA; Lamban, AB; Luna, CA; Momongan, MI, 2014)	0.4
"1%) patients suffered abdominal distention, diarrhoea and other gastrointestinal adverse reactions; the symptoms improved significantly after treatment change to mizoribine."	( Efficacy and safety of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in patients with de novo and maintenance renal transplantation. Fan, Y; Guo, Y; Liu, Y; Qin, Y; Qiu, J; Shen, B; Zhang, F, 2014)	0.4
"Different associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cellular target, metabolism enzymes or transport proteins, and biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) or adverse events have been reported in transplant patients receiving mycophenolate mofetil."	( Associations between polymorphisms in target, metabolism, or transport proteins of mycophenolate sodium and therapeutic or adverse effects in kidney transplant patients. Marquet, P; Picard, N; Thierry, A; Touchard, G; Woillard, JB, 2014)	0.4
" However, with the use of these medications come significant adverse events, most notably infections, cytopenias, malignancies, and reproductive abnormalities."	( Is newer safer? Adverse events associated with first-line therapies for ANCA-associated vasculitis and lupus nephritis. Avasare, R; Hogan, J; Radhakrishnan, J, 2014)	0.4
"05) in the incidence of discontinuations and serious adverse events between the groups."	( Safety and efficacy of the early introduction of everolimus with reduced-exposure cyclosporine a in de novo kidney recipients. Ha, J; Huh, KH; Kim, YH; Kim, YL; Kim, YS; Oh, CK, 2015)	0.42
" When compared with other immunosuppressants, MMF was considered superior to cyclophosphamide in terms of better therapeutic effects and fewer adverse reactions, but no difference was found between MMF and leflunomide."	( Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil treatment in IgA nephropathy: a systematic review. Chen, Y; Li, Y; Liang, M; Yang, S, 2014)	0.4
"Tapering MMF appears safe after years of disease stability."	( Can mycophenolate mofetil be tapered safely in myasthenia gravis? A retrospective, multicenter analysis. Burns, TM; Crum, B; Hehir, M; Hobson-Webb, LD; Sanders, D; Visser, A, 2015)	0.42
" Its main adverse effects are gastrointestinal, myelosuppression, and infection."	( Safety and effectiveness of mycophenolate in systemic sclerosis. A systematic review. Alahmadi, A; Johnson, SR; Omair, MA, 2015)	0.42
" Studies reporting use of mycophenolate in SSc patients, adverse events, modified Rodnan skin score (MRSS), forced vital capacity (FVC), or diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) were included."	( Safety and effectiveness of mycophenolate in systemic sclerosis. A systematic review. Alahmadi, A; Johnson, SR; Omair, MA, 2015)	0.42
" There were 18 deaths and 90 non-lethal adverse events."	( Safety and effectiveness of mycophenolate in systemic sclerosis. A systematic review. Alahmadi, A; Johnson, SR; Omair, MA, 2015)	0.42
"Mycophenolate-associated gastrointestinal adverse events are common in SSc, but not severe enough to preclude its use."	( Safety and effectiveness of mycophenolate in systemic sclerosis. A systematic review. Alahmadi, A; Johnson, SR; Omair, MA, 2015)	0.42
"Switching to MT and/or TS several years after heart transplantation appeared safe in the short-term perspective, showing no detectable changes in tacrolimus C0 levels, safety or efficacy, during an average follow-up of six months."	( Safety and efficacy of the switch to generic mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus in heart transplant patients. Rådegran, G; Söderlund, C, 2015)	0.42
" Despite lower MPA-TL, MMF was discontinued in 3/22 patients for adverse effects."	( The effect of MMF dose and trough levels on adverse effects in pediatric heart transplant recipients. Hsu, DT; Lamour, JM; Siddiqi, N, 2015)	0.42
" Secondary endpoints consisted of 1-year graft survival rates, daily dosages of cyclosporine, trough and C2 cyclosporine blood level, serum creatinine levels, patient death rates, discontinuing the study drug, tolerability, and adverse events."	( One-Year Multicenter Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial on the Efficacy and Safety of Generic Cyclosporine (Iminoral) in De Novo Kidney Transplant Recipients. Azmandian, J; Khatami, SM; Nazemian, F; Razeghi, E; Sadri, F; Sagheb, MM; Sayyah, M; Shahidi, S; Shamshiri, AR; Taheri, S, 2015)	0.42
"Iminoral is safe and effective when used in de novo kidney transplant patients as an immunosuppressive medication."	( One-Year Multicenter Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial on the Efficacy and Safety of Generic Cyclosporine (Iminoral) in De Novo Kidney Transplant Recipients. Azmandian, J; Khatami, SM; Nazemian, F; Razeghi, E; Sadri, F; Sagheb, MM; Sayyah, M; Shahidi, S; Shamshiri, AR; Taheri, S, 2015)	0.42
"We describe a case of a patient from Far North Queensland, Australia, with life-threatening hepatotoxicity caused by ipilimumab induced immune-related adverse events (irAEs)."	( Resolution of ipilimumab induced severe hepatotoxicity with triple immunosuppressants therapy. Ahmed, T; Black, J; Pandey, R; Shah, B, 2015)	0.42
"The most frequent side-effect of CNIs is nephrotoxicity, which in the long term can contribute, to allograft deterioration."	( The safety of calcineurin inhibitors for kidney-transplant patients. Malvezzi, P; Rostaing, L, 2015)	0.42
"Extrarenal adverse effects (AEs) associated with calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) and mycophenolic acid (MPA) occur frequently but are unpredictable posttransplant complications."	( Association of Extrarenal Adverse Effects of Posttransplant Immunosuppression With Sex and ABCB1 Haplotypes. Brazeau, D; Chang, S; Consiglio, JD; Cooper, LM; Gundroo, A; Leca, N; Meaney, CJ; Morse, SE; Nainani, N; Tornatore, KM; Venuto, RC; Wilding, GE, 2015)	0.64
" We aimed to compare interventions in terms of patient mortality or liver transplantation (MOLT), progression of liver histological stage (POLHS), serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and adverse events (AE)."	( A network meta-analysis of the efficacy and side effects of UDCA-based therapies for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Braddock, M; Chen, YP; Huang, GQ; Lin, YQ; Shi, KQ; Wang, LR; Zheng, MH; Zhou, MT; Zhu, GQ, 2015)	0.42
"In pediatric renal transplantation, an everolimus-based regimen with low-dose cyclosporine yields comparable four year results as a standard regimen, but with a different side effect profile."	( Efficacy and Safety of an Everolimus- vs. a Mycophenolate Mofetil-Based Regimen in Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipients. Ahlenstiel-Grunow, T; Bald, M; Brunkhorst, LC; Burmeister, G; Fichtner, A; Höcker, B; Krupka, K; Pape, L; Tönshoff, B; Zapf, A, 2015)	0.42
" However, an undesired adverse effect of MPA impedes its application in the clinics for post-transplant patients."	( Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Mycophenolic Acid-Quinic Acid Conjugate Serving as Immunosuppressant with Decreased Toxicity. Dong, Y; Mahato, RI; Peng, Y, 2015)	0.68
"In summary, the use of the generics TAP/MOW is effective and seems to be safe and cost-efficient in stable liver-transplantation patients."	( Efficacy and safety of a conversion from the original tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil to the generics Tacpan and Mowel after liver transplantation. Bellmann, MC; Darstein, F; Galle, PR; Heise, M; Hoppe-Lotichius, M; Lang, H; Mittler, J; Rüttger, B; Vollmar, J; Weyer, V; Zimmermann, A; Zimmermann, T, 2015)	0.42
"Everolimus-based immunosuppression regimen without corticosteroids and/or induction immediately after liver transplantation seems to be safe and effective when administered with low doses of calcineurin-inhibitor or mycophenolate; although these findings require further investigation, these regimens could avoid adverse effects of standard immunosuppression regimens with higher doses."	( The efficacy and safety of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors ab initio after liver transplantation without corticosteroids or induction therapy. Angelico, R; Belardi, C; Cillis, A; Katari, R; Manzia, TM; Mogul, A; Orlando, G; Quaranta, C; Sforza, D; Tariciotti, L; Tisone, G; Toti, L, 2016)	0.43
"Both groups were followed for 24 months after transplantation for immunosuppressive regimen-associated and time-dependent occurrences of adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs)."	( Time-Dependent and Immunosuppressive Drug-Associated Adverse Event Profiles in De Novo Kidney Transplant Recipients Converted from Tacrolimus to Sirolimus Regimens. Felipe, CR; Felix, MJ; Osmar Medina-Pestana, J; Tedesco-Silva, H, 2016)	0.43
"To systematically analyze for the first time adverse events (AEs) during MPA treatment in GO."	( Prospective, systematically recorded mycophenolate safety data in Graves' orbitopathy. Kahaly, GJ; Kolbe, E; Krämer, I; Kuhn, A; Riedl, M, 2016)	0.43
" All AEs were analyzed regarding a possible underlying cause and if not, graded as side effect (SE)."	( Prospective, systematically recorded mycophenolate safety data in Graves' orbitopathy. Kahaly, GJ; Kolbe, E; Krämer, I; Kuhn, A; Riedl, M, 2016)	0.43
" Conversion to MPS was associated with a higher incidence of adverse events."	( Efficacy and Safety of Elective Conversion From Sotrastaurin (STN) to Tacrolimus (TAC) or Mycophenolate (MPS) in Stable Kidney Transplant Recipients. Aguiar, W; Campos, E; Cristelli, M; Felipe, C; Ferreira, A; Franco, M; Gerbase de Lima, M; Hannun, P; Medina-Pestana, J; Sandes-Freitas, T; Tedesco-Silva, H, 2016)	0.43
" We validated a new particle-enhanced turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay (PETINIA) for the determination of MPA levels and evaluated the relationship of MPA trough level with drug-related adverse events."	( Usefulness of mycophenolic acid monitoring with PETINIA for prediction of adverse events in kidney transplant recipients. Cho, JH; Choi, JY; Ham, JY; Huh, S; Jung, HY; Kim, CD; Kim, HK; Kim, YL; Park, SH; Song, KE; Won, DI, 2016)	0.79
" We evaluated the safety and tolerability of ATII-cell transplantation by assessing the emergent adverse side effects that appeared within 12 months."	( Safety and Tolerability of Alveolar Type II Cell Transplantation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Arguis, P; Bayas, JM; Burgos, F; Closa, D; de la Bellacasa, JP; Fiblà, JJ; Gay-Jordi, G; Guillamat-Prats, R; Hernandez-Gonzalez, F; Marin, P; Martorell, J; Molins, L; Ramirez, J; Rodríguez-Villar, C; Rovira, I; Sánchez, M; Serrano-Mollar, A; Soy, D; Tetley, TD; Xaubet, A, 2016)	0.43
"No significant adverse events were associated with the ATII-cell intratracheal transplantation."	( Safety and Tolerability of Alveolar Type II Cell Transplantation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Arguis, P; Bayas, JM; Burgos, F; Closa, D; de la Bellacasa, JP; Fiblà, JJ; Gay-Jordi, G; Guillamat-Prats, R; Hernandez-Gonzalez, F; Marin, P; Martorell, J; Molins, L; Ramirez, J; Rodríguez-Villar, C; Rovira, I; Sánchez, M; Serrano-Mollar, A; Soy, D; Tetley, TD; Xaubet, A, 2016)	0.43
"Our results support the hypothesis that ATII-cell intratracheal transplantation is safe and well tolerated in patients with IPF."	( Safety and Tolerability of Alveolar Type II Cell Transplantation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Arguis, P; Bayas, JM; Burgos, F; Closa, D; de la Bellacasa, JP; Fiblà, JJ; Gay-Jordi, G; Guillamat-Prats, R; Hernandez-Gonzalez, F; Marin, P; Martorell, J; Molins, L; Ramirez, J; Rodríguez-Villar, C; Rovira, I; Sánchez, M; Serrano-Mollar, A; Soy, D; Tetley, TD; Xaubet, A, 2016)	0.43
" Early adverse events leading to discontinuation occurred less frequently in patients treated with MMF than in AZA treated patients."	( Mycophenolate mofetil is an effective and safe option for the management of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease: results from the Australian Scleroderma Cohort Study. Elford, K; Hill, C; Moore, O; Ngian, GS; Nikpour, M; Owen, C; Proudman, S; Rabusa, C; Roddy, J; Sahhar, J; Stevens, W; Sturgess, A; Tymms, K; Youssef, P; Zochling, J, )	0.13
"After LT, an immunosuppressive regimen without steroids could be a safe and feasible treatment for HBVrelated HCC patients, thus resulting in the reduction of HBV recurrence."	( Efficacy and Safety of a Steroid-Free Immunosuppressive Regimen after Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Shen, Y; Wang, C; Wang, W; Wei, Q; Wu, J; Xie, H; Xu, X; Zhang, M; Zheng, S; Zhou, L; Zhuang, L; Zhuang, R, 2016)	0.43
" In comparison with few minor adverse events in other two cohorts, several serious adverse events were documented in the tacrolimus group."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of common steroid-sparing agents in idiopathic nephrotic children. Babu, BG; Basu, B; Mahapatra, TK, 2017)	0.46
" Taking together the long-term efficacy and safety data observed, MMF appears as a safe and effective alternative to tacrolimus in managing pediatric FRNS/SDNS."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of common steroid-sparing agents in idiopathic nephrotic children. Babu, BG; Basu, B; Mahapatra, TK, 2017)	0.46
" Primary health outcomes were mean cost of acute rejection and GI adverse events treatment."	( The Cost of Gastrointestinal Adverse Events and the Impact of Dose-Reductions/Discontinuations on Acute Rejection in Kidney Transplant Patients of Mycophenolate Mofetil-Related Compared to Enteric-Coated Mycophenolate Sodium: A Pharmacoeconomic Study. Martinez-Mier, G; Salazar-Ramirez, A, 2016)	0.43
"The need for effective and less toxic treatments led to the development of the role of targeted biologic therapies in LN."	( The safety of pharmacological treatment options for lupus nephritis. Isenberg, D; Ntatsaki, E; Velo-García, A, 2016)	0.43
" The incidences of acute rejection, patient and graft survival, renal allograft function and adverse events were analysed."	( The efficacy and safety of intensified enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium with low exposure of calcineurin inhibitors in Chinese de novo kidney transplant recipients: a prospective study. Chen, L; Deng, R; Deng, S; Deng, W; Fu, Q; Li, J; Liao, J; Liu, L; Wan, J; Wang, C; Wang, H; Zhang, H, 2016)	0.43
" The IS regimen did not increase the incidence of adverse effects (IS 54."	( The efficacy and safety of intensified enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium with low exposure of calcineurin inhibitors in Chinese de novo kidney transplant recipients: a prospective study. Chen, L; Deng, R; Deng, S; Deng, W; Fu, Q; Li, J; Liao, J; Liu, L; Wan, J; Wang, C; Wang, H; Zhang, H, 2016)	0.43
"The intensified EC-MPS dosing regimen maintaining low-dose CNIs in this study may be beneficial for Chinese adult de novo kidney transplant recipients in terms of acute rejection and allograft function and is safe within 6 months post transplant."	( The efficacy and safety of intensified enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium with low exposure of calcineurin inhibitors in Chinese de novo kidney transplant recipients: a prospective study. Chen, L; Deng, R; Deng, S; Deng, W; Fu, Q; Li, J; Liao, J; Liu, L; Wan, J; Wang, C; Wang, H; Zhang, H, 2016)	0.43
" We investigated whether high-dose MZR is effective and safe for renal transplant patients in conjunction with cyclosporine (CsA), basiliximab, and corticosteroids."	( Efficacy and Safety of High-Dose Mizoribine Combined With Cyclosporine, Basiliximab, and Corticosteroids in Renal Transplantation: A Japanese Multicenter Study. Akioka, K; Fujisawa, M; Fukuda, Y; Horimi, T; Ito, SI; Nakatani, T; Nishimura, K; Sugitani, A; Uchida, K; Ushigome, H; Yoshimura, N; Yuzawa, K, 2016)	0.43
" Incidence of acute rejection, renal graft survival and SRL-related adverse effects of the immunosuppressive regimen were also observed."	( [Effectiveness and safety of conversion therapy with the combination of sirolimus with low dose cyclosporine in renal transplantation recipients: a five-year clinical observation]. Chen, G; Ding, T; Lin, ZB; Wang, XX; Zhu, L, 2016)	0.43
"The combination therapy of SRL and low dose of CsA is overall a safe and effective maintenance immunosuppressive regimen, but it is important to initiate at an appropriate stage."	( [Effectiveness and safety of conversion therapy with the combination of sirolimus with low dose cyclosporine in renal transplantation recipients: a five-year clinical observation]. Chen, G; Ding, T; Lin, ZB; Wang, XX; Zhu, L, 2016)	0.43
" The known gastrointestinal, skin, and liver adverse events (AE) of pirfenidone are of importance given the involvement of these organs in SSc."	( An Open-label, Phase II Study of the Safety and Tolerability of Pirfenidone in Patients with Scleroderma-associated Interstitial Lung Disease: the LOTUSS Trial. Albera, C; Chen, D; Chung, L; Fischer, A; Gorina, E; Khalidi, N; Khanna, D; Raghu, G; Schiopu, E; Seibold, JR; Tagliaferri, M, 2016)	0.43
" Although they have shown promising results, they also have caused multiple adverse events (AEs), particularly immune-related AEs (irAEs)."	( Novel melanoma therapies and their side effects. González, N; Ratner, D, 2016)	0.43
" Adverse effects were recorded at each visit."	( Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with active moderate-to-severe Graves' orbitopathy. Bo, X; Cui, H; Hu, X; Lu, B; Shao, J; Wang, J; Ye, X, 2017)	0.46
" Adverse events occurred in 4 of 80 patients treated with MMF (5%), all of which were mild to moderate."	( Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with active moderate-to-severe Graves' orbitopathy. Bo, X; Cui, H; Hu, X; Lu, B; Shao, J; Wang, J; Ye, X, 2017)	0.46
" Analysis of withdrawal due to adverse events showed the same pattern."	( Comparative efficacy and safety of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, and cyclophosphamide as maintenance therapy for lupus nephritis : A Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lee, YH; Song, GG, 2017)	0.46
" An effective and safe alternative induction regimen is needed."	( Efficacy and safety of rituximab in comparison with common induction therapies in pediatric active lupus nephritis. Babu, BG; Basu, B; Roy, B, 2017)	0.46
" In comparison with few minor adverse events in the other two cohorts, several serious adverse events occurred in the CYC group."	( Efficacy and safety of rituximab in comparison with common induction therapies in pediatric active lupus nephritis. Babu, BG; Basu, B; Roy, B, 2017)	0.46
" Categorical change in FVC, median overall survival, and adverse events were also assessed."	( Effectiveness and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Anzueto, AR; Nambiar, AM; Peters, JI, 2017)	0.46
" Treatment-related adverse events were not different between groups; however, very few adverse events were reported overall."	( Effectiveness and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Anzueto, AR; Nambiar, AM; Peters, JI, 2017)	0.46
" Compared to placebo or corticosteroid monotherapy, MMF monotherapy exerted a higher remission rate and side effect rate in both main analysis and subgroup analysis by human race."	( Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with IgA nephropathy: an update meta-analysis. Cui, W; Du, B; Jia, Y; Miao, L; Min, X; Zhou, W, 2017)	0.46
" Acute transplant rejection, changes in blood chemistry, white blood cell count, assessments of renal function, occurrence of adverse drug reactions, and other characteristics of the patients were recorded for 24 weeks."	( Efficacy and Safety of Generic Mycophenolate Mofetil (My-rept) 500-Milligram Tablets in Primary Liver Transplant Recipients. Hong, SK; Kim, H; Kim, HS; Lee, KW; Suh, KS; Yi, NJ; Yoon, KC, )	0.13
"8%) presented with adverse drug reactions that had been commonly reported with the use of other mycophenolate mofetil products, and no serious adverse drug reactions were reported."	( Efficacy and Safety of Generic Mycophenolate Mofetil (My-rept) 500-Milligram Tablets in Primary Liver Transplant Recipients. Hong, SK; Kim, H; Kim, HS; Lee, KW; Suh, KS; Yi, NJ; Yoon, KC, )	0.13
" Serious adverse events occurred in 3 patients (2."	( Efficacy and Safety of Mycophenolate Mofetil in Patients With Autoimmune Hepatitis and Suboptimal Outcomes After Standard Therapy. Cheng, EH; Cheng, W; Gazzola, A; George, J; Gow, P; Hamarneh, Z; Janko, N; Khoo, T; Levy, M; Lim, R; MacQuillan, G; McCaughan, G; Mishra, G; Mitchell, J; Nicoll, A; Roberts, SK; Sievert, W; Siow, W; Skoien, R; Sood, S; Strasser, S; Stuart, K; Tse, E; Weltman, M; Wigg, A; Zekry, A, 2018)	0.48
" In addition, EVR plus low-dose CNI regimen could reduce the rate of cytomegalovirus and infection, whereas a lower rate of other adverse events were noted in MMF plus standard-dose CNI regimen."	( Efficacy and safety of everolimus plus low-dose calcineurin inhibitor vs. mycophenolate mofetil plus standard-dose calcineurin inhibitor in renal transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis . Deng, J; He, L; Jiang, W; Yang, B, 2018)	0.48
"The results show that steroid-free low-dose tacrolimus-based IS following LT is safe and decreases the incidence of NODM significantly."	( Steroid-free immunosuppression with low-dose tacrolimus is safe and significantly reduces the incidence of new-onset diabetes mellitus following liver transplantation. Axelson, C; Bennet, W; Castedal, M; Skoglund, C, 2018)	0.48
" The primary outcome was complete remission (CR) at 6 months, and secondary outcomes included overall response and adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus combination therapy in patients with lupus nephritis: a nationwide multicentre study. Bae, SC; Choe, JY; Chung, WT; Jung, SY; Kang, JH; Kim, YS; Lee, HS; Lee, J; Lee, KE; Lee, SS; Lee, YA; Park, DJ; Park, SH; Park, YJ; Suh, CH; Yoo, DH, )	0.13
" Twenty-one patients reported 29 adverse events, including severe infection requiring hospitalisation (n=3, 10."	( Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus combination therapy in patients with lupus nephritis: a nationwide multicentre study. Bae, SC; Choe, JY; Chung, WT; Jung, SY; Kang, JH; Kim, YS; Lee, HS; Lee, J; Lee, KE; Lee, SS; Lee, YA; Park, DJ; Park, SH; Park, YJ; Suh, CH; Yoo, DH, )	0.13
" This study aimed to examine MMF-associated adverse events in renal transplant patients."	( Differential profiles of adverse events associated with mycophenolate mofetil between adult and pediatric renal transplant patients. Hosohata, K; Inada, A; Iwanaga, K; Matsuoka, E; Mori, Y; Niinomi, I; Oyama, S; Uchida, M; Yamaguchi, Y, 2018)	0.48
"Retrospective pharmacovigilance disproportionality analysis was conducted using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database."	( Differential profiles of adverse events associated with mycophenolate mofetil between adult and pediatric renal transplant patients. Hosohata, K; Inada, A; Iwanaga, K; Matsuoka, E; Mori, Y; Niinomi, I; Oyama, S; Uchida, M; Yamaguchi, Y, 2018)	0.48
"A total of 11,594 adverse drug events were reported in renal transplant patients; 10,272 (88."	( Differential profiles of adverse events associated with mycophenolate mofetil between adult and pediatric renal transplant patients. Hosohata, K; Inada, A; Iwanaga, K; Matsuoka, E; Mori, Y; Niinomi, I; Oyama, S; Uchida, M; Yamaguchi, Y, 2018)	0.48
" The primary endpoint was response rate in 12 months and the secondary endpoints were relapse, remission rate and adverse reactions."	( Efficacy and safety of low dose Mycophenolate mofetil treatment for immunoglobulin G4-related disease: a randomized clinical trial. Di, W; Fengchun, Z; Huadan, X; Jiaxin, Z; Jinjing, L; Li, Z; Linyi, P; Panpan, Z; Shangzhu, Z; Wen, Z; Xia, Z; Xiaofeng, Z; Xiaowei, L; Xuan, Z; Yamin, L; Yan, Z; Yu, P; Yunyun, F, 2019)	0.51
" No serious adverse reactions occurred in the two groups."	( Efficacy and safety of low dose Mycophenolate mofetil treatment for immunoglobulin G4-related disease: a randomized clinical trial. Di, W; Fengchun, Z; Huadan, X; Jiaxin, Z; Jinjing, L; Li, Z; Linyi, P; Panpan, Z; Shangzhu, Z; Wen, Z; Xia, Z; Xiaofeng, Z; Xiaowei, L; Xuan, Z; Yamin, L; Yan, Z; Yu, P; Yunyun, F, 2019)	0.51
" Remission of the kidney disease, mortality, and adverse events were evaluated and compared between the two groups."	( Efficacy and Safety of Mycophenolate Mofetil Versus Intravenous Pulse Cyclophosphamide as Induction Therapy in Proliferative Lupus Nephritis. Abedi Azar, S; Ebrahimi, AA; Gadakchi, L; Gojazadeh, M; Hajialilo, M; Khabbazi, A; Kolahi, S; Malek Mahdavi, A; Nakhjavani, MR; Noshad, H, 2018)	0.48
" There were no significant differences in the frequency of adverse events between the two groups."	( Efficacy and Safety of Mycophenolate Mofetil Versus Intravenous Pulse Cyclophosphamide as Induction Therapy in Proliferative Lupus Nephritis. Abedi Azar, S; Ebrahimi, AA; Gadakchi, L; Gojazadeh, M; Hajialilo, M; Khabbazi, A; Kolahi, S; Malek Mahdavi, A; Nakhjavani, MR; Noshad, H, 2018)	0.48
"Tacrolimus has been associated with notable extrarenal adverse effects (AEs), which are unpredictable and impact patient morbidity."	( The impact of tacrolimus exposure on extrarenal adverse effects in adult renal transplant recipients. Brazeau, D; Campagne, O; Mager, DE; Tornatore, KM; Venuto, RC, 2019)	0.51
" There were more serious adverse events in both voclosporin groups, and more deaths in the low-dose group compared to placebo and high-dose voclosporin groups (11."	( A randomized, controlled double-blind study comparing the efficacy and safety of dose-ranging voclosporin with placebo in achieving remission in patients with active lupus nephritis. Dooley, MA; Huizinga, RB; Lysenko, L; Navarra, SV; Pendergraft, WF; Romero-Diaz, J; Rovin, BH; Solomons, N; Tumlin, J, 2019)	0.51
" Adverse events were recorded."	( Efficacy and Safety of Delayed Prolonged-Release Tacrolimus Initiation in De Novo Hepatitis C Virus-Negative Orthotopic Liver Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center, Single-Arm, Prospective Study. Baliellas, C; Busquets, J; Fabregat, J; González-Castillo, A; González-Vilatarsana, E; Lladó, L; Ramos, E; Xiol, X, 2019)	0.51
" The objectives were to describe the relationship of MPA AUC (estimated via LSS) with adverse effects and rates of rejection, and to compare clinical outcomes between different MPA monitoring practices."	( RELATE: Relationship of limited sampling strategy and adverse effects of mycophenolate mofetil in pediatric renal transplant patients. Berger, I; Carr, R; Ensom, MHH; Haubrich, K, 2019)	0.51
"Develop a flexible analytic tool for the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Sentinel System to assess adherence to safe use recommendations with two capabilities: characterize adherence to patient monitoring recommendations for a drug, and characterize concomitant medication use before, during, and/or after drug therapy."	( A new analytic tool developed to assess safe use recommendations. Cocoros, NM; Ding, Y; Fazio-Eynullayeva, E; Haynes, K; Izem, R; Ju, J; Lee, JY; Major, JM; Nguyen, M; Petrone, AB; Wagner, A, 2019)	0.51
"We developed a tool for use in databases formatted to the Sentinel Common Data Model that can assess adherence to safe use recommendations involving patient monitoring and concomitant drug use over time."	( A new analytic tool developed to assess safe use recommendations. Cocoros, NM; Ding, Y; Fazio-Eynullayeva, E; Haynes, K; Izem, R; Ju, J; Lee, JY; Major, JM; Nguyen, M; Petrone, AB; Wagner, A, 2019)	0.51
"Our aim was to determine potentially adverse effects of immunosuppressive protocols after liver transplantation in children."	( Predictable and Unusual Adverse Effects of Immunosuppression in Pediatric Liver Transplant Patients. Dalgıç, A; Dalgıç, B; Eğritaş Gürkan, Ö; Ekşi Bozbulut, N; Öztürk, H; Sapmaz, A; Sarı, S; Sözen, H, 2019)	0.51
" In addition to these predictable adverse effects, unusual adverse effects of immunosuppression were also observed."	( Predictable and Unusual Adverse Effects of Immunosuppression in Pediatric Liver Transplant Patients. Dalgıç, A; Dalgıç, B; Eğritaş Gürkan, Ö; Ekşi Bozbulut, N; Öztürk, H; Sapmaz, A; Sarı, S; Sözen, H, 2019)	0.51
"Within the safety population (everolimus 1014, MPA 1012), adverse events with a suspected relation to study drug occurred in 62."	( Safety of Everolimus With Reduced Calcineurin Inhibitor Exposure in De Novo Kidney Transplants: An Analysis From the Randomized TRANSFORM Study. Adel Bakr, M; Basic-Jukic, N; Bernhardt, P; Buchler, M; Cassuto, E; Chadban, S; Citterio, F; Cruzado, JM; Garcia, VD; Hernandez Gutierrez, MP; Kim, DY; Kuypers, D; Pascual, J; Russ, G; Sommerer, C; Soo Kim, M; Tedesco-Silva, H; Uyen, HD; Viklicky, O, 2019)	0.51
"De novo everolimus with reduced-exposure CNI yielded a comparable incidence, though a distinctly different pattern, of adverse events versus current standard of care."	( Safety of Everolimus With Reduced Calcineurin Inhibitor Exposure in De Novo Kidney Transplants: An Analysis From the Randomized TRANSFORM Study. Adel Bakr, M; Basic-Jukic, N; Bernhardt, P; Buchler, M; Cassuto, E; Chadban, S; Citterio, F; Cruzado, JM; Garcia, VD; Hernandez Gutierrez, MP; Kim, DY; Kuypers, D; Pascual, J; Russ, G; Sommerer, C; Soo Kim, M; Tedesco-Silva, H; Uyen, HD; Viklicky, O, 2019)	0.51
"The immunosuppressants tacrolimus and mycophenolate are important components to the success of organ transplantation, but are also associated with adverse effects, such as nephrotoxicity, anemia, leukopenia, and new-onset diabetes after transplantation."	( Genetic Variants Associated With Immunosuppressant Pharmacokinetics and Adverse Effects in the DeKAF Genomics Genome-wide Association Studies. Dorr, CR; Guan, W; Iklé, D; Israni, AK; Jacobson, PA; Keating, BJ; Mannon, RB; Matas, AJ; Oetting, WS; Remmel, RP; Schladt, DP; van Setten, J; Wu, B, 2019)	0.51
"We performed a genome-wide association study, using a genotyping array tailored specifically for transplantation outcomes containing 722 147 single nucleotide polymorphisms, and 2 cohorts of kidney allograft recipients-a discovery cohort and a confirmation cohort-to identify and then confirm genetic variants associated with immunosuppressant pharmacokinetics and adverse outcomes."	( Genetic Variants Associated With Immunosuppressant Pharmacokinetics and Adverse Effects in the DeKAF Genomics Genome-wide Association Studies. Dorr, CR; Guan, W; Iklé, D; Israni, AK; Jacobson, PA; Keating, BJ; Mannon, RB; Matas, AJ; Oetting, WS; Remmel, RP; Schladt, DP; van Setten, J; Wu, B, 2019)	0.51
"These results show that adverse effects associated with tacrolimus and mycophenolate are complex, and recipient risk is not determined by a few genetic variants with large effects with but most likely are due to many variants, each with small effect sizes, and clinical factors."	( Genetic Variants Associated With Immunosuppressant Pharmacokinetics and Adverse Effects in the DeKAF Genomics Genome-wide Association Studies. Dorr, CR; Guan, W; Iklé, D; Israni, AK; Jacobson, PA; Keating, BJ; Mannon, RB; Matas, AJ; Oetting, WS; Remmel, RP; Schladt, DP; van Setten, J; Wu, B, 2019)	0.51
"Background Mycophenolic acid is widely used immunosuppressive drug, associated with adverse effects which increase patient morbidity and decrease medication adherence."	( Adverse effects of mycophenolic acid in renal transplant recipients: gender differences. Catić-Đorđević, A; Cvetković, T; Džodić, P; Spasić, A; Stefanović, N; Veličković-Radovanović, R, 2019)	1.23
"Mizoribine (MZR) was effective and safe for living Chinese donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) on tacrolimus-based treatment 1 year after transplantation."	( Efficacy and Safety of Mizoribine Combined With Tacrolimus in Living Donor Kidney Transplant Recipients: 3-Year Results by a Chinese Single Center Study. Chen, XG; Liu, H; Shen, ZY; Shi, Y, 2019)	0.51
" There were no significant differences in adverse events among the MZR or the MMF group, whereas the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly lower in the MZR treatment group (P = ."	( Efficacy and Safety of Mizoribine Combined With Tacrolimus in Living Donor Kidney Transplant Recipients: 3-Year Results by a Chinese Single Center Study. Chen, XG; Liu, H; Shen, ZY; Shi, Y, 2019)	0.51
" However, this specific target range does not adequately characterize mycophenolic acid-associated adverse effects."	( Exposure-Toxicity Relationships of Mycophenolic Acid in Adult Kidney Transplant Patients. Ensom, MHH; Kiang, TKL, 2019)	1.02
" Furthermore, it was possible to discriminate toxicants acting at different time points during embryonic development and, therefore, responsible for distinct adverse effects on neural tube formation."	( Accuracy, discriminative properties and reliability of a human ESC-based in vitro toxicity assay to distinguish teratogens responsible for neural tube defects. De Geyter, C; Feutz, AC, 2019)	0.51
"MMF migh be a safe and effective therapeutic option in VNLM, both as first-line agent and as a rescue therapy."	( Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with virus-negative lymphocytic myocarditis: A prospective cohort study. Basso, C; Campochiaro, C; Candela, C; Dagna, L; De Luca, G; Della Bella, P; Esposito, A; Palmisano, A; Peretto, G; Rizzo, S; Sala, S; Sartorelli, S; Thiene, G, 2020)	0.56
"A total of 129 adverse events (AE) involving 50 patients (29."	( Systemic safety analysis of mycophenolate in Graves' orbitopathy. Diana, T; Frommer, L; Kahaly, GJ; Lee, ACH; Riedl, M, 2020)	0.56
" Clinical manifestation, IgG4-RD responder index (IgG-RD RI), serological indexes, gland ultrasound findings, and adverse drug effect were recorded."	( Efficacy and safety of iguratimod on patients with relapsed or refractory IgG4-related disease. Bian, W; Chen, D; Chen, J; Fu, J; Li, Y; Li, Z; Liu, Y; Sun, X; Zhang, W; Zhang, Y; Zhao, X, 2020)	0.56
" The most important reported side effect was weight gain, associated with increased appetite among prednisone users (as monotherapy as well as in combination with other drugs)."	( Ranking Self-reported Gastrointestinal Side Effects of Pharmacotherapy in Sarcoidosis. Bast, A; de Jong, SMG; Drent, M; Ebner, NM; Elfferich, MDP; Jessurun, NT; Lewis, EDO; Proesmans, VLJ, 2020)	0.56
" The strongest association between a reported side effect and drug use was that of weight gain associated with increased appetite among prednisone users."	( Ranking Self-reported Gastrointestinal Side Effects of Pharmacotherapy in Sarcoidosis. Bast, A; de Jong, SMG; Drent, M; Ebner, NM; Elfferich, MDP; Jessurun, NT; Lewis, EDO; Proesmans, VLJ, 2020)	0.56
" We analyzed the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), graft rejection, serum creatinine, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibody, and the occurrence of adverse events among the 3 groups."	( Efficacy and Safety of a Quadruple Regimen Compared with Triple Regimens in Patients with Mycophenolic Acid-Related Gastrointestinal Complications After Renal Transplantation: A Short-Term Single-Center Study. Geng, L; Li, E; Peng, Z; Sun, H; Tian, J; Xian, W, 2020)	0.78
" Aims of this study were to evaluate the progression of renal dysfunction after discontinuation of CNIs and to monitor for major adverse events after therapy change."	( Long-Term Effects of the Replacement of Calcineurin Inhibitors With Everolimus and Mycophenolate in Patients With Calcineurin Inhibitor-Related Nephrotoxicity. Acquaro, M; Cattadori, B; D'Armini, AM; Ghio, S; Greco, A; Guida, S; Klersy, C; Pelenghi, S; Pellegrini, C; Raineri, C; Scelsi, L; Turco, A; Visconti, LO, 2020)	0.56
" We used a random-effects model with a Bayesian approach to appraise both renal outcomes and serious adverse effects."	( The efficacy and safety of immunosuppressive therapies in the treatment of IgA nephropathy: A network meta-analysis. Dong, L; Hu, T; Qin, W; Tan, J; Tang, Y; Tarun, P; Xu, Y; Ye, D; Zhong, Z, 2020)	0.56
"In this single-center, prospective, randomized study, adverse events (AEs), serious AEs (SAEs), viral infections, laboratory abnormalities, dose reductions, and temporary or permanent discontinuation of the immunosuppressant were compared among patients receiving r-ATG/EVR (n = 85), BAS/EVR (n = 102), and BAS/MPS (n = 101)."	( Immunosuppressive Drug-Associated Adverse Event Profiles in De Novo Kidney Transplant Recipients Receiving Everolimus and Reduced Tacrolimus Doses. Felipe, CR; Medina Pestana, JO; Miranda, TA; Santos, RHN; Tedesco-Silva Junior, H, 2020)	0.56
"Basiliximab-induced IS protocol is a safe regimen that reduces medium-term renal dysfunction and achieves similar survival without increasing the acute rejection or infection rate in liver transplantation recipients."	( Efficacy and safety of basiliximab as initial immunosuppression in liver transplantation: A single center study. Alsebaey, A; Hashim, M; Ragab, A; Soliman, HE; Waked, I, )	0.13
" A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis based on rituximab serum concentrations will allow identification of potential factors associated with therapeutic response and/or adverse effects."	( Evaluation of efficacy and safety of rituximab in combination with mycophenolate mofetil in patients with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia non-responding to a first-line immunosuppressive treatment (EVER-ILD): A double-blind placebo-controlled randomize Bejan-Angoulvant, T; Borie, R; Cadranel, J; Caille, A; Cottin, V; Crestani, B; Ferreira, M; Marchand-Adam, S; Naccache, JM; Nunes, H, 2020)	0.56
" The primary end-point was response to urine protein, serum creatinine (Scr) and serum complement C3, and the secondary end-points were complete remission and adverse reactions."	( Comparative efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil and cyclophosphamide in the induction treatment of lupus nephritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chen, RR; Jiang, YP; Wen, CP; Xu, ZH; Yu, J; Zhao, XX, 2020)	0.56
"MMF precedes CYC in improving serum complement C3 and complete remission regardless of race, as well as shows fewer adverse drug reactions in the induction treatment of LN belonging to type III-V."	( Comparative efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil and cyclophosphamide in the induction treatment of lupus nephritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chen, RR; Jiang, YP; Wen, CP; Xu, ZH; Yu, J; Zhao, XX, 2020)	0.56
" Adverse events occurred in 106 (17."	( Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil therapy in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Jitprapaikulsan, J; Kosiyakul, P; Prayoonwiwat, N; Siritho, S; Songwisit, S; Ungprasert, P, 2020)	0.56
" Rituximab, a B cell depleting monoclonal antibody, is a safe and effective alternative to steroids or other immunosuppressants for achieving and maintaining remission in this population at short term."	( Randomized clinical trial to compare efficacy and safety of repeated courses of rituximab to single-course rituximab followed by maintenance mycophenolate-mofetil in children with steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome. Basu, B; Mahapatra, TKS; Preussler, S; Sander, A; Schaefer, F, 2020)	0.56
" The secondary outcomes will consist of the frequency and severity of adverse events, best-corrected visual acuity, relapse-free rate and time to the next attack."	( Safety and efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in treating neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Chen, Y; Han, M; Jin, M; Liu, Z; Meng, H; Nong, L; Qin, Y; Wang, Z, 2020)	0.56
"Haploidentical HSCT with PTCy is a safe and effective therapy for children with acute leukemia."	( Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation With Post-transplant Cyclophosphamide for Pediatric Acute Leukemia is Safe and Effective. Chatterjee, G; Kapoor, R; Nivargi, S; Rastogi, N; Sharma, A; Yadav, SP, 2021)	0.62
"We have demonstrated that delayed CNI introduction without antibody induction is safe and helps preserve kidney function."	( Delayed Calcineurin Inhibitor Introduction Without Antibody Induction in Liver Transplantation Is Safe and Helps Preserve Kidney Function. Assawasirisin, C; Dumronggittigule, W; Kositamongkol, P; Limsrichamrern, S; Mahawithitwong, P; Sangserestid, P; Sirivatanauksorn, Y; Tovikkai, C, 2021)	0.62
" No serious adverse events occurred."	( Preliminary evidence on abatacept safety and efficacy in refractory juvenile localized scleroderma. Buckley, M; Ede, KC; Edelheit, B; Ishaq, SS; Li, SC; Liu, C; Rabinovich, CE; Torok, KS, 2021)	0.62
"Abatacept was found to be safe and effective for jLS subjects refractory to standard of care treatment."	( Preliminary evidence on abatacept safety and efficacy in refractory juvenile localized scleroderma. Buckley, M; Ede, KC; Edelheit, B; Ishaq, SS; Li, SC; Liu, C; Rabinovich, CE; Torok, KS, 2021)	0.62
" Adverse events were reported in subgroups by mycophenolate use at baseline."	( Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease treated with mycophenolate: a subgroup analysis of the SENSCIS trial. Allanore, Y; Assassi, S; Azuma, A; Bourdin, A; Clerisme-Beaty, E; Denton, CP; Distler, JHW; Distler, O; Gahlemann, M; Girard, M; Highland, KB; Hoffmann-Vold, AM; Khanna, D; Kuwana, M; Maher, TM; Mayes, MD; Raghu, G; Stowasser, S; Vonk, MC; Zoz, D, 2021)	0.62
" The adverse event profile of nintedanib was similar between the subgroups."	( Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease treated with mycophenolate: a subgroup analysis of the SENSCIS trial. Allanore, Y; Assassi, S; Azuma, A; Bourdin, A; Clerisme-Beaty, E; Denton, CP; Distler, JHW; Distler, O; Gahlemann, M; Girard, M; Highland, KB; Hoffmann-Vold, AM; Khanna, D; Kuwana, M; Maher, TM; Mayes, MD; Raghu, G; Stowasser, S; Vonk, MC; Zoz, D, 2021)	0.62
" The adverse event profile of nintedanib was similar in the subgroups by mycophenolate use."	( Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease treated with mycophenolate: a subgroup analysis of the SENSCIS trial. Allanore, Y; Assassi, S; Azuma, A; Bourdin, A; Clerisme-Beaty, E; Denton, CP; Distler, JHW; Distler, O; Gahlemann, M; Girard, M; Highland, KB; Hoffmann-Vold, AM; Khanna, D; Kuwana, M; Maher, TM; Mayes, MD; Raghu, G; Stowasser, S; Vonk, MC; Zoz, D, 2021)	0.62
" Genetic polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes have been identified as the potential targets in developing a pharmacogenetic strategy, to individualize drug dose and also in preventing the adverse events."	( Impact of Pharmacogenetic Determinants of Tacrolimus and Mycophenolate on Adverse Events in Renal Transplant Patients. Kutala, VK; Raju, SB; Sreenu, B; Thishya, K, 2021)	0.62
"The rationale of the study was to explore polymorphisms in tacrolimus and mycophenolate metabolic pathways that influence the adverse clinical outcomes in renal transplant recipients."	( Impact of Pharmacogenetic Determinants of Tacrolimus and Mycophenolate on Adverse Events in Renal Transplant Patients. Kutala, VK; Raju, SB; Sreenu, B; Thishya, K, 2021)	0.62
" CYP3A5 AG- and UGT1A9-440 CC-genotypes showed increased risk and ABCC 3972C>T CC-genotype showed protection against adverse events."	( Impact of Pharmacogenetic Determinants of Tacrolimus and Mycophenolate on Adverse Events in Renal Transplant Patients. Kutala, VK; Raju, SB; Sreenu, B; Thishya, K, 2021)	0.62
"We analyzed the continuation rate, adverse events, and reasons for discontinuation of MMF in Japanese patients with SLE in a retrospective single-center study."	( Real-World Experience of Safety of Mycophenolate Mofetil in 119 Japanese Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Retrospective Single-Center Study. Abe, Y; Tada, K; Tamura, N; Yamaji, K, 2021)	0.62
" With increased use, there are more frequent cases of toxicities caused by these drugs, termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs)."	( Immune checkpoint inhibitor toxicity: A new indication for therapeutic plasma exchange? Berlacher, M; Burner, J; Compton, F; De Simone, N; He, L; Sarode, R; Usmani, A; Wodajo, A, 2021)	0.62
" Main outcomes and measures include incidence of renal composite end point, the rate of total remission, adverse events, and proteinuria."	( Efficacy and safety of immunosuppressive therapies in the treatment of high-risk IgA nephropathy: A network meta-analysis. Liu, T; Mao, H; Wang, Y; Yang, L; Zhan, Y, 2021)	0.62
" The proportion of patients with at least one adverse event related to the immunosuppression scheme with tacrolimus associated with MMF was 39."	( Safety and effectiveness of mycophenolate mofetil associated with tacrolimus for liver transplantation immunosuppression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Andraus, W; Bernardo, WM; Carneiro-D'Albuquerque, LA; Coelho, FF; Ernani, L; Fernandes, FA; Herman, P; Miranda Neto, AA; Nacif, LS; Silva, MBBE; Silveira Júnior, S; Tustumi, F, 2021)	0.62
" The adverse event profile was balanced between the two groups; serious adverse events occurred in 37 (21%) of 178 in the voclosporin group and 38 (21%) of 178 patients in the placebo group."	( Efficacy and safety of voclosporin versus placebo for lupus nephritis (AURORA 1): a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Arriens, C; Caster, DJ; Gibson, K; Ginzler, EM; Huizinga, RB; Kaplan, J; Lisk, L; Navarra, S; Parikh, SV; Randhawa, S; Romero-Diaz, J; Rovin, BH; Solomons, N; Teng, YKO, 2021)	0.62
"Although MMF is safe for the majority of patients, MMF can cause mitochondrial stress, which may trigger more severe mitochondrial abnormalities in a small subset."	( Mycophenolate Mofetil Hepatotoxicity Associated With Mitochondrial Abnormality in Liver Transplant Recipients and Mice. Mitsinikos, T; Sasaki, AT; Sasaki, M; Thomas, D; Warren, M; Yanni, G, 2021)	0.62
"Information regarding adverse events (AEs) of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is limited."	( A retrospective study of adverse effects of mycophenolate mofetil administration to dogs with immune-mediated disease. Fukushima, K; Lappin, M; Legare, M; Veir, J, 2021)	0.62
"Diarrhea is a common adverse effect of mycophenolate treatment in renal transplant recipients."	( Efficacy and Safety of Switching to Azathioprine for Mycophenolate-Induced Diarrhea in Renal Transplant Recipients. Altun, B; Arici, M; Erdem, Y; Jabrayilov, J; Koc, NS; Onal, C; Sekmek, S; Yildirim, T; Yilmaz, R, )	0.13
" However, tacrolimus + MMF did pose a greater risk of serious adverse events than monotherapy."	( A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing the effectiveness and safety of voclosporin or tacrolimus plus mycophenolate mofetil as induction treatment for lupus nephritis. Lee, YH; Song, GG, 2023)	0.91
"5%) reported at least one side effect and 8 patients (14."	( Safety and Effectiveness of Mycophenolate Mofetil in Interstitial Lung Diseases: Insights from a Machine Learning Radiographic Model. Bouros, D; Bouros, E; Chrysikos, S; Efthymiou, P; Kalogeropoulou, C; Karampitsakos, T; Katsaras, M; Kazantzi, A; Koukaki, E; Malakounidou, E; Ntoulias, N; Papaioannou, O; Sampsonas, F; Sotiropoulou, V; Tsiri, P; Tsirikos, G; Tzilas, V; Tzouvelekis, A; Zarkadi, E, )	0.13
"Our data suggest that MMF is a safe and effective steroid-sparing agent leading to disease stabilization in a proportion of patients with non-IPF ILDs."	( Safety and Effectiveness of Mycophenolate Mofetil in Interstitial Lung Diseases: Insights from a Machine Learning Radiographic Model. Bouros, D; Bouros, E; Chrysikos, S; Efthymiou, P; Kalogeropoulou, C; Karampitsakos, T; Katsaras, M; Kazantzi, A; Koukaki, E; Malakounidou, E; Ntoulias, N; Papaioannou, O; Sampsonas, F; Sotiropoulou, V; Tsiri, P; Tsirikos, G; Tzilas, V; Tzouvelekis, A; Zarkadi, E, )	0.13
"Adverse events were generally mild, but one case of fatal suspected unexpected serious adverse reaction occurred."	( Safety and efficacy of the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in five groups of immunocompromised patients and healthy controls in a prospective open-label clinical trial. Akber, M; Aleman, S; Bergman, P; Blennow, O; Blixt, L; Bogdanovic, G; Buggert, M; Chen, MS; Chen, P; Friman, G; Gomez, AC; Hansson, L; Hober, S; Lindgren, G; Ljunggren, HG; Ljungman, P; Loré, K; Mielke, S; Muschiol, S; Nilsson, P; Nordlander, A; Norlin, AC; Nowak, P; Österborg, A; Smith, CIE; Söderdahl, G; Thalme, A; Valentini, D; Vesterbacka, J; Wahren-Borgström, E; Wullimann, D, 2021)	0.62
"The results showed that the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine was safe in immunocompromised patients."	( Safety and efficacy of the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in five groups of immunocompromised patients and healthy controls in a prospective open-label clinical trial. Akber, M; Aleman, S; Bergman, P; Blennow, O; Blixt, L; Bogdanovic, G; Buggert, M; Chen, MS; Chen, P; Friman, G; Gomez, AC; Hansson, L; Hober, S; Lindgren, G; Ljunggren, HG; Ljungman, P; Loré, K; Mielke, S; Muschiol, S; Nilsson, P; Nordlander, A; Norlin, AC; Nowak, P; Österborg, A; Smith, CIE; Söderdahl, G; Thalme, A; Valentini, D; Vesterbacka, J; Wahren-Borgström, E; Wullimann, D, 2021)	0.62
" Primary endpoints were adverse drug reactions (ADRs), changes in renal function from baseline, and relapse rate (RR) after 6 months in the maintenance group, estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method."	( Long-term safety and effectiveness of mycophenolate mofetil in adults with lupus nephritis: a real-world study in Japan. Hashimoto, H; Matsumoto, M; Takeuchi, T, 2022)	0.72
" MMF was increased from 2 to 3 g/day, with no adverse events (AEs)."	( Efficacy and safety of high-dose of mycophenolate mofetil compared with cyclophosphamide pulse therapy as induction therapy in Japanese patients with proliferative lupus nephritis. Fukuyo, S; Hanami, K; Iwata, S; Kawabe, A; Miyagawa, I; Miyazaki, Y; Nakano, K; Nakayamada, S; Ohkubo, N; Tanaka, Y, 2022)	0.72
" Secondary outcomes were annual relapse rate, disability accumulation, drug persistence, and adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and reduced dose of rituximab in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Chang, X; Du, L; Huang, W; Li, Q; Li, W; Lu, C; Lu, J; Ma, J; Pan, J; Quan, C; Tan, H; Wang, B; Wang, L; Wang, M; Xia, J; Yu, J; ZhangBao, J; Zhao, C; Zhou, L, 2022)	0.72
" RTX exhibited lower incidence of adverse events (32."	( Efficacy and safety of azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and reduced dose of rituximab in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Chang, X; Du, L; Huang, W; Li, Q; Li, W; Lu, C; Lu, J; Ma, J; Pan, J; Quan, C; Tan, H; Wang, B; Wang, L; Wang, M; Xia, J; Yu, J; ZhangBao, J; Zhao, C; Zhou, L, 2022)	0.72
" In this review, we summarise current knowledge on the adverse effects of azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, rituximab, tocilizumab, eculizumab, satralizumab, and inebilizumab in NMOSD."	( Adverse Events in NMOSD Therapy. Berthele, A; Giglhuber, K, 2022)	0.72
" Major adverse events were respiratory and urinary infections, with MMF having the highest infection rate."	( Efficacy and Safety of Tacrolimus in the Treatment of Pediatric Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Nephritis. Ma, R; Wang, X; Wu, D; Yang, Y, 2022)	0.72
"MMF is effective for relapse prevention in Thai NMOSD patients and has a low risk of adverse events."	( The efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in Thai neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients. Jitprapaikulsan, J; Pathomrattanapiban, C; Prayoonwiwat, N; Rattanathamsakul, N; Siritho, S; Tisavipat, N, 2022)	0.72
" We evaluated factors associated with antibody titers after vaccination and analyzed adverse events."	( Immunogenicity and safety of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in patients with nephrotic syndrome receiving immunosuppressive agents. Funaki, T; Ito, S; Kamei, K; Nishi, K; Ogimi, C; Ogura, M; Sato, M; Shoji, K, 2023)	0.91
" The primary outcome is referred to the improvement in overall response, and secondary outcomes included the change in clinical activity score (CAS) and adverse events (AEs)."	( Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of moderate to severe Graves' orbitopathy: a meta-analysis. Chen, S; Cui, D; Cui, W; Feng, W; Hu, Y; Shi, H; Yang, Y; Zhang, C; Zhang, P, 2022)	0.72
" The incidence of adverse events (AEs) was similar (91."	( Update on the Efficacy and Safety Profile of Voclosporin: An Integrated Analysis of Clinical Trials in Lupus Nephritis. Arriens, C; Askanase, AD; Atsumi, T; Caster, DJ; Gibson, K; Ginzler, EM; Gluck, R; Huizinga, RB; Lisk, L; Parikh, SV; Randhawa, S; Saxena, A; Solomons, N; Teng, YKO, 2023)	0.91
" Data about the immunogenicity and adverse effects of the vaccine on patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) is emerging."	( Immunogenicity and safety of the mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases patients. Gepstein, R; Halperin, T; Kimhi, O; Kivity, S; Levy, Y; Naser, R; Parikh, R; Pri-Paz Basson, Y; Tartakover Matalon, S; Tayer-Shifman, OE; Ziv, A; Ziv-Baran, T, 2022)	0.72
" An adverse effects questionnaire was given to the participants upon their first visit to the clinic after their BNT162b2 vaccination."	( Immunogenicity and safety of the mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases patients. Gepstein, R; Halperin, T; Kimhi, O; Kivity, S; Levy, Y; Naser, R; Parikh, R; Pri-Paz Basson, Y; Tartakover Matalon, S; Tayer-Shifman, OE; Ziv, A; Ziv-Baran, T, 2022)	0.72
" No fever was observed following the BNT162b2 vaccine in seronegative patients, and the frequency of musculoskeletal adverse effects upon the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine was significantly higher in seropositive compared to seronegative patients and in the control group compared to the SARDs patients (p = 0."	( Immunogenicity and safety of the mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases patients. Gepstein, R; Halperin, T; Kimhi, O; Kivity, S; Levy, Y; Naser, R; Parikh, R; Pri-Paz Basson, Y; Tartakover Matalon, S; Tayer-Shifman, OE; Ziv, A; Ziv-Baran, T, 2022)	0.72
" Adverse effects of the vaccine including fever and musculoskeletal symptoms might be a signal for the acquisition of immunity in those patients."	( Immunogenicity and safety of the mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases patients. Gepstein, R; Halperin, T; Kimhi, O; Kivity, S; Levy, Y; Naser, R; Parikh, R; Pri-Paz Basson, Y; Tartakover Matalon, S; Tayer-Shifman, OE; Ziv, A; Ziv-Baran, T, 2022)	0.72
" • There is a correlation between immunogenicity and adverse effects of the vaccine."	( Immunogenicity and safety of the mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases patients. Gepstein, R; Halperin, T; Kimhi, O; Kivity, S; Levy, Y; Naser, R; Parikh, R; Pri-Paz Basson, Y; Tartakover Matalon, S; Tayer-Shifman, OE; Ziv, A; Ziv-Baran, T, 2022)	0.72
" No organic stenosis of the renal artery was detected on the kidney magnetic resonance angiography, and the patient was discharged on POD 51, without any other adverse events, including rejection."	( Acute Calcineurin Inhibitor Nephrotoxicity Diagnosed Using Kidney Doppler Ultrasonography After Heart Transplant: A Case Report. Fujita, T; Fukushima, S; Hada, T; Mochizuki, H; Seguchi, O; Tsukamoto, Y; Watanabe, T; Yoshihara, F, 2022)	0.72
" Secondary outcomes include safety and tolerability of MMF and azathioprine, time to remission, changes in Model For End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD)-score, adverse events, and aspects of quality of life."	( Assessing the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil versus azathioprine in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (CAMARO trial): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Bakker, SF; Bartelink, M; Beuers, UHW; Biewenga, M; de Boer, YS; de Jonge, HJM; Drenth, JPH; Gevers, TJG; Gisbertz, IAM; Guichelaar, MMJ; Levens, AD; Pape, S; Pronk, MAMCB; Sebib Korkmaz, K; Sijtsma, MGM; Snijders, RJALM; Soufidi, K; Stoelinga, AEC; van den Berg, AP; van den Brand, FF; van der Meer, AJ; van Gerven, NMF; van Hoek, B; Vanwolleghem, T; Verdonk, RC; Verwer, BJ; Vrolijk, JM, 2022)	0.72
" Among the pharmacological alternatives, there are chemically synthesized drugs whose efficacy has been evaluated, but which have the potential to generate adverse events that may compromise adherence and response to treatment."	( Synthetic Pharmacotherapy for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Potential Mechanisms of Action, Efficacy, and Safety. Baracaldo-Santamaría, D; Poole, BD; Quaye, A; Rojas-Rodríguez, LC; Téllez Arévalo, AM; Tellez Freitas, CM, 2022)	0.72
" Clinical data at baseline and after treatment, treatment response, relapse rate, and adverse effects were recorded and analyzed."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of leflunomide versus mycophenolate mofetil in treating IgG4-related disease: a retrospective cohort study. Chen, Y; Fei, Y; Li, J; Li, R; Liu, Z; Lu, H; Luo, X; Peng, L; Peng, Y; Wu, T; Zeng, X; Zhang, W; Zhao, Y; Zhou, J, 2023)	0.91
" Moreover, more patients in group I had adverse effects compared with group II (36."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of leflunomide versus mycophenolate mofetil in treating IgG4-related disease: a retrospective cohort study. Chen, Y; Fei, Y; Li, J; Li, R; Liu, Z; Lu, H; Luo, X; Peng, L; Peng, Y; Wu, T; Zeng, X; Zhang, W; Zhao, Y; Zhou, J, 2023)	0.91
" The incidences of serious adverse events were 25."	( A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Tacrolimus and Corticosteroids in Combination With or Without Mycophenolate Mofetil in Liver Transplantation Recipients Infected With Hepatitis B Virus. Choi, NG; Choi, ST; Chu, CW; Chung, YK; Ha, TY; Hwang, S; Jung, BH; Jung, DH; Kim, KK; Lee, SG; Moon, DB; Park, JI; Ryu, JH; Shin, MH; Song, GW; Yang, K; Yoon, YI, 2023)	0.91
"Although the study involved a small number of patients, the triple-drug regimen can be considered safe and effective for immunosuppression after living donor liver transplantation in patients infected with HBV."	( A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Tacrolimus and Corticosteroids in Combination With or Without Mycophenolate Mofetil in Liver Transplantation Recipients Infected With Hepatitis B Virus. Choi, NG; Choi, ST; Chu, CW; Chung, YK; Ha, TY; Hwang, S; Jung, BH; Jung, DH; Kim, KK; Lee, SG; Moon, DB; Park, JI; Ryu, JH; Shin, MH; Song, GW; Yang, K; Yoon, YI, 2023)	0.91
" Secondary outcomes included incidences of infection, hypertension, diabetes, other serious adverse events (AEs), hospitalization, and death."	( Comparative safety of generic versus brand calcineurin inhibitors in solid organ transplant patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Qian, J; Tanni, KA, )	0.13
" In terms of adverse effects, there was no significant difference between the level of eGFR before and after multi-target therapy."	( Efficacy and safety of multi-target therapy in children with lupus nephritis. Chen, L; Cheng, C; Jiang, X; Mo, Y; Ouyang, X; Rong, L; Zheng, X, 2023)	0.91
"Multi-target therapy could be an effective treatment option with minimal adverse effects for LN children who are refractory to initial first-line induction therapies or had combined proliferative and membranous LN."	( Efficacy and safety of multi-target therapy in children with lupus nephritis. Chen, L; Cheng, C; Jiang, X; Mo, Y; Ouyang, X; Rong, L; Zheng, X, 2023)	0.91
" Adverse effects of multi-target therapy were infrequent and minimal that can be improved by symptomatic therapy."	( Efficacy and safety of multi-target therapy in children with lupus nephritis. Chen, L; Cheng, C; Jiang, X; Mo, Y; Ouyang, X; Rong, L; Zheng, X, 2023)	0.91
" The dosage and courses of corticosteroid treatment, the recovery of neurological function, the occurrence of adverse effects, and relapses were followed up."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of different corticosteroid courses plus mycophenolate mofetil for autoimmune encephalitis with neuronal surface antibodies without tumor. Dou, J; Guo, S; Huang, T; Li, D; Wang, C; Zhang, F; Zhang, X, 2023)	0.91
" The incidence of adverse effects was significantly higher in Group >12 mo (17, 70."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of different corticosteroid courses plus mycophenolate mofetil for autoimmune encephalitis with neuronal surface antibodies without tumor. Dou, J; Guo, S; Huang, T; Li, D; Wang, C; Zhang, F; Zhang, X, 2023)	0.91
"The beneficial effects of oral corticosteroid treatment may do not persist beyond 12 months and may even contribute to an increased incidence of adverse effects."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of different corticosteroid courses plus mycophenolate mofetil for autoimmune encephalitis with neuronal surface antibodies without tumor. Dou, J; Guo, S; Huang, T; Li, D; Wang, C; Zhang, F; Zhang, X, 2023)	0.91
" Adverse events (AEs), humoral immune responses (immunogenicity: IgG positivity for anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its receptor binding domain, neutralising antibodies (NAbs)), cellular responses (ELISpot) and COVID-19 infection rates were assessed."	( COVID-19 Vaccine in Immunosuppressed Adults with Autoimmune rheumatic Diseases (COVIAAD): safety, immunogenicity and antibody persistence at 12 months following Moderna Spikevax primary series. Amiable, N; Bernatsky, S; Bessette, L; Colmegna, I; Fitzcharles, MA; Flamand, L; Fortin, PR; Hazel, E; Langlois, MA; McCormack, D; Michou, L; Panopalis, P; Rampakakis, E; Rollet-Labelle, E; Useche, M; Valerio, V, 2023)	0.91

Pharmacokinetics

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) and tacrolimus play important roles in immunosuppressive therapy after solid organ transplantation (Tx) We hypothesized that area under the concentration time curve (AUC(0-12) is more accurate pharmacokinetic predictor vs trough level of MPA (C0)

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" In the light of this, the pharmacodynamic action of mycophenolic acid on the radiolabelling of GTP and ATP by [14C]hypoxanthine in spleen and heart has been investigated in vivo in the rat as a preliminary to studies in tumor tissue."	( Pharmacodynamics of the inhibition of GTP synthesis in vivo by mycophenolic acid. Franklin, TJ; Morris, WP, 1994)	0.78
"The combination of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (measurement of the biological effect) monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs provides a method for the optimization of drug dosing."	( Pharmacodynamic assessment of mycophenolic acid-induced immunosuppression by measurement of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase activity in a canine model. Kneteman, NM; Lakey, JR; Langman, LJ; LeGatt, DF; Shapiro, AM; Yatscoff, RW, 1996)	0.58
" During the intravenous infusion, phase systemic plasma clearance of MMF was approximately 10 L/min and the half-life (t1/2) was a few minutes."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of mycophenolate mofetil in healthy subjects after single-dose oral and intravenous administration. Bullingham, R; Hale, M; Monroe, S; Nicholls, A, 1996)	0.29
"Eighteen patients with compensated alcoholic cirrhosis participated in a single-dose pharmacokinetic study of oral mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)."	( Pharmacokinetics of oral mycophenolate mofetil in volunteer subjects with varying degrees of hepatic oxidative impairment. Bullingham, R; Hale, M; Kamm, B; Parker, G, 1996)	0.29
" MPA tmax was slightly delayed and Cmax was lowered about 25%, consistent with delay in gastric emptying in the fed state."	( Effects of food and antacid on the pharmacokinetics of single doses of mycophenolate mofetil in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Bullingham, R; Goldblum, R; Schiff, M; Shah, J, 1996)	0.29
"The combination of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs provides a novel method for the optimization of drug dosing."	( Pharmacodynamic assessment of mycophenolic acid-induced immunosuppression in renal transplant recipients. Halloran, PF; Langman, LJ; LeGatt, DF; Yatscoff, RW, 1996)	0.58
"A pharmacokinetic estimation of the immunosuppressive activity of mycophenolate mofetil (MPM) was performed in rats with transplanted kidney allografts."	( Pharmacokinetic studies of mycophenolate mofetil in rat kidney allograft recipients. Hayashida, K; Inoue, H; Sugioka, N; Yasumura, T, 1997)	0.3
" Pharmacokinetic studies were performed on days 7 and 14, and thereafter every 2 weeks."	( Pharmacokinetic studies of mycophenolate mofetil in rat kidney allograft recipients. Hayashida, K; Inoue, H; Sugioka, N; Yasumura, T, 1997)	0.3
" The peak concentration of MPA and the area under the plasma MPA concentration versus time curves (AUC) significantly correlated with the dosage."	( Pharmacokinetic studies of mycophenolate mofetil in rat kidney allograft recipients. Hayashida, K; Inoue, H; Sugioka, N; Yasumura, T, 1997)	0.3
" AUC measurements of the MPA concentration are suitable for the pharmacokinetic monitoring of MPM."	( Pharmacokinetic studies of mycophenolate mofetil in rat kidney allograft recipients. Hayashida, K; Inoue, H; Sugioka, N; Yasumura, T, 1997)	0.3
" With the expanded use of tacrolimus (Prograf) as well in renal transplant patients, there is a lack of pharmacokinetic studies clarifying drug interactions between the three agents."	( Unexpected augmentation of mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in renal transplant patients receiving tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil in combination therapy, and analogous in vitro findings. Burke, G; Ciancio, G; de Faria, L; Esquenazi, V; Miller, J; Rosen, A; Roth, D; Tsaroucha, A; Tzakis, A; Zucker, K, 1997)	0.59
" After initiation of peritoneal dialysis in patients with severe renal impairment (GFR < 10 ml/min) MPA area under the concentration curve (AUC) decreased substantially (15-59%)."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil in renal transplant recipients on peritoneal dialysis. Ahnert, V; Bauer, S; Budde, K; Fritsche, L; Kuchinke, S; Lampe, D; Mai, I; Morgera, S; Neumayer, HH, 1998)	0.3
" Mycophenolic acid and MPAG maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and the time to reach Cmax (tmax) for each group were determined from the mean plasma concentration-time profiles."	( The pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with varying degrees of renal function. Heim-Duthoy, KL; Johnson, HJ; Nicholls, AJ; Swan, SK; Tarnowski, T; Tsina, I, 1998)	1.21
" Cmax tended to increase as GFR declined."	( The pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with varying degrees of renal function. Heim-Duthoy, KL; Johnson, HJ; Nicholls, AJ; Swan, SK; Tarnowski, T; Tsina, I, 1998)	0.3
"8 hours postdose, decayed with a mean apparent half-life (t1/2) of around 16 hours, and generated a mean total area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC infinity) of around 64 mg."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil. Bullingham, RE; Kamm, BR; Nicholls, AJ, 1998)	0.3
" Because the pharmacologic activity of MPA is a function of unbound drug concentration, these findings might be relevant for the pharmacodynamic effects of MPA."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and determinants of MPA free fraction in pediatric and adult renal transplant recipients. German Study group on Mycophenolate Mofetil Therapy in Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipients. Armstrong, VW; Lamersdorf, T; Mandelbaum, A; Mehls, O; Niedmann, PD; Oellerich, M; Schütz, E; Shipkova, M; Tönshoff, B; Weber, LT; Wiesel, M; Zimmerhackl, LB, 1998)	0.62
" Pharmacodynamic monitoring has been investigated by us and other investigators on primarily five immunosuppressive drugs: cyclosporine (CsA), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), rapamycin (RAPA), azathioprine (AZA), and methylprednisolone (MP)."	( The monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs: a pharmacodynamic approach. Aspeslet, LJ; Yatscoff, RW, 1998)	0.3
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of MPA estimated before and after clamping the t-tube were compared to evaluate any significant differences at a P of."	( Effect of t-tube clamping on the pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in liver transplant patients on oral therapy of mycophenolate mofetil. Fung, JJ; Hamad, I; Jain, AB; Venkataramanan, R; Warty, VS; Zhang, S; Zuckerman, S, 1999)	0.55
"An enterohepatic circulation model based on physiological aspects of biliary excretion has been developed for population pharmacokinetic analysis."	( Enterohepatic circulation model for population pharmacokinetic analysis. Funaki, T, 1999)	0.3
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of MPA and MPA glucuronide (MPAG) were determined at steady state by high-performance liquid chromatography after administration of MMF at the oral dose of 494+/-142 mg/m(2) twice daily."	( Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of mycophenolate mofetil in renal transplant children. Baudouin, V; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Khan Shaghaghi, E; Loirat, C; Maisin, A; Popon, M; Zhang, D, 2000)	0.31
" Other significant sources of pharmacokinetic variability for MPA include the effects of concomitant medications, and the effects of disease states such as renal dysfunction and liver disease on the steady state MPA AUC."	( Pharmacokinetics and concentration-control investigations of mycophenolic acid in adults after transplantation. Brayman, KL; DeNofrio, D; Kaplan, B; Korecka, M; Shaw, LM, 2000)	0.55
" There was no significant difference for any of the pharmacokinetic parameters between subjects on hemodialysis and those on peritoneal dialysis."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with end-stage renal failure. Bewick, M; Davis, C; Eastwood, JB; Holt, DW; Johnston, A; Lee, T; MacPhee, IA; Spreafico, S, 2000)	0.31
" Two separate studies, an open-labeled pharmacokinetic (PK) study and a double-blind safety study, were performed."	( Intravenous mycophenolate mofetil: safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics. Arterburn, S; Conti, D; Dumont, E; Dunn, J; Gonwa, T; Halloran, P; Inokuchi, S; Kiberd, B; Kittur, D; Merion, RM; Nicholls, AJ; Norman, D; Pescovitz, MD; Shoker, A; Sollinger, H; Tomlanovich, S; Weinstein, S; Wilburn, R, 2000)	0.31
" In a small number of patients who had already reached the plasma steady state, we found a large inter-patient variability, while the same qualitative pharmacokinetic profile (as Tmax) was conserved."	( Pharmacokinetic monitoring of mycophenolate mofetil in kidney transplanted patients. Brusa, P; Casullo, R; Cattel, L; Ceruti, M; Dosio, F; Segoloni, GP; Squiccimarro, G, 2000)	0.31
" These novel techniques not only are illuminating the 'black box' that has obscured the pharmacodynamic effects of immunosuppressants but also are uncovering new mechanisms of action of these drugs."	( Pharmacodynamics of immunosuppressive drugs. Dambrin, C; Klupp, J; Morris, RE, 2000)	0.31
" The aim of this study was to compare the mycophenolic acid (MPA) pharmacokinetic profile and its pharmacodynamic effect on patients receiving either standard (2 g) or low (1."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mycophenolic acid in stable renal transplant recipients treated with low doses of mycophenolate mofetil. Brunet, M; Carrillo, M; Corbella, J; Martorell, J; Millán, O; Oppenheimer, F; Rojo, I; Vilardell, J, 2000)	0.84
" At a fixed dose (1 g twice per day), we compared the pharmacokinetic parameters of MPA [C(min), the MPA concentration 30 min after the oral dose of MMF (C(30)), and AUC] according to the presence or absence of side effects in the two groups."	( Correlation of mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetic parameters with side effects in kidney transplant patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil. Chaib Eddour, D; De Meyer, M; König, J; Malaise, J; Mourad, M; Schepers, R; Squifflet, JP; Wallemacq, P, 2001)	0.66
" Pharmacodynamic monitoring by measurement of IMPDH activity reflects directly the biological response to MMF."	( Pharmacodynamic monitoring of mycophenolate mofetil. Bauer, S; Braun, K; Budde, K; Fritsche, L; Glander, P; Mai, I; Neumayer, HH; Roots, I; Waiser, J, 2000)	0.31
" The following are important experimentally-based reasons for recommending the incorporation of target therapeutic concentration monitoring of mycophenolic acid: (1) the MPA dose-interval area-under-the-concentration-time curve, and less precisely, MPA predose concentrations predict the risk for development of acute rejection; (2) the strong correlation between mycophenolic acid plasma concentrations and expression of important cell surface activation antigens, whole blood pharmacodynamic assays of lymphocyte proliferation and median graft rejection scores in a heart transplant animal model; (3) the greater than 10-fold interindividual variation of MPA area under the concentration time curve values in heart and renal transplant patients receiving a fixed dose of the parent drug; (4) drug-drug interactions involving other immunosuppressives are such that when switching from one to another (eg, from cyclosporine to tacrolimus or vice-versa) substantial changes in MPA concentrations can occur in patients receiving a fixed dose of the parent drug; (5) significant effects of liver and kidney diseases on the steady-state total and free mycophenolic acid area under the concentration time curve values; (6) the need to closely monitor mycophenolic acid when a major change in immunosuppression is planned such as steroid withdrawal."	( Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and outcome investigations as the basis for mycophenolic acid therapeutic drug monitoring in renal and heart transplant patients. Brayman, KL; DeNofrio, D; Korecka, M; Shaw, LM, 2001)	0.74
" The toxicity induced by the conditioning therapy seems to negatively influence the pharmacokinetic behavior of MMF, MPA and MPAG."	( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous mycophenolate mofetil after allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation. Bornhäuser, M; Ehninger, G; Freiberg-Richter, J; Helwig, A; Jenke, A; Platzbecker, U; Renner, U; Richte, M; Schäfer-Eckart, K; Thiede, HM, 2001)	0.31
"Here we examined the possibility of optimizing MMF dosing by drug pharmacokinetic monitoring in 46 stable kidney transplant recipients."	( Pharmacokinetics help optimizing mycophenolate mofetil dosing in kidney transplant patients. Cattaneo, D; Del Priore, L; Ferrari, S; Gaspari, F; Gotti, E; Perico, N; Remuzzi, G; Stucchi, N, 2001)	0.31
"It is currently being debated whether pharmacokinetic monitoring of mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active constituent of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), can optimize MMF therapy after organ transplantation."	( The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship for total and free mycophenolic Acid in pediatric renal transplant recipients: a report of the german study group on mycophenolate mofetil therapy. Armstrong, VW; Mehls, O; Oellerich, M; Schütz, E; Shipkova, M; Tönshoff, B; Wagner, N; Weber, LT; Zimmerhackl, LB, 2002)	0.79
" Although the clinical pharmacokinetics of these drugs in paediatric transplant recipients are still under investigation, it is evident that the pharmacokinetic parameters observed in adults may not be applicable to children, especially in younger age groups."	( Immunosuppressive therapy for paediatric transplant patients: pharmacokinetic considerations. del Mar Fernández De Gatta, M; Domínguez-Gil, A; García, MJ; Santos-Buelga, D, 2002)	0.31
" However, no data are currently available on MPA protein binding in stable lung transplant recipients and little is known regarding MPA's pharmacokinetic characteristics after lung transplantation."	( Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of mycophenolic acid in stable lung transplant recipients. Decarie, D; Dumont, RJ; Ensom, MH; Fradet, G; Levy, RD; Partovi, N, 2002)	0.58
" The increases in the AcMPAG pharmacokinetic variables were paralleled by significant increases in the corresponding MPA variables."	( Pharmacokinetics and protein adduct formation of the pharmacologically active acyl glucuronide metabolite of mycophenolic acid in pediatric renal transplant recipients. Armstrong, VW; Haley, J; Niedmann, PD; Oellerich, M; Shipkova, M; Tönshoff, B; Weber, L; Wieland, E, 2002)	0.53
" On posttransplant day 91, a 12-hour pharmacokinetic profile was obtained."	( Atypical pharmacokinetics and metabolism of mycophenolic acid in a young kidney transplant recipient with impaired renal function. Armstrong, VW; Glasenapp, S; Muscheites, J; Nizze, H; Oellerich, M; Shipkova, M; Stolpe, HJ; Streit, F; von Ahsen, N; Wacke, R; Wigger, M, 2002)	0.58
"Although renal allograft outcome correlates more closely with area under the concentration time curve (AUC) for cyclosporin (CsA) compared with the 12-h trough level (C0), few studies have prospectively evaluated pharmacokinetic monitoring in kidney transplantation."	( Can a pharmacokinetic approach to immunosuppression eliminate ethnic disparities in renal allograft outcome? Browne, BJ; Emovon, OE; Op't Holt, C, 2002)	0.31
"Current data indicate that pharmacokinetic (PK) monitoring of cyclosporin microemulsion (CsA) should be performed using the 2-h concentration (C2), that tacrolimus (Tac) is commonly monitored using the trough level, and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) should be monitored using the 1-h (C1), 2-h (C2) and 6-h (C6) concentrations."	( Universal approach to pharmacokinetic monitoring of immunosuppressive agents in children. Feber, J; Filler, G; Lepage, N; Mai, I; Weiler, G, 2002)	0.31
" For these patients, no pharmacokinetic (PK) data are available."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with autoimmune diseases compared renal transplant recipients. Bayer, PM; Griesmacher, A; Grützmacher, H; Haidinger, M; Jäger, H; Meisl, FT; Müller, MM; Neumann, I, 2003)	0.32
"The need for clinical pharmacokinetic monitoring (CPM) of the immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been debated."	( Mycophenolate mofetil for solid organ transplantation: does the evidence support the need for clinical pharmacokinetic monitoring? Cox, VC; Ensom, MH, 2003)	0.32
" MPA pharmacokinetic profiles were determined in 21 liver transplant recipients (age, 2 to 15 years; 12 boys) administered mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for at least 6 months."	( Mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in pediatric liver transplant recipients. Adams, JE; Aw, MM; Brown, NW; Dhawan, A; Gonde, CE; Heaton, ND; Itsuka, T; Mieli-Vergani, G; Tredger, JM, 2003)	1.76
" Pharmacokinetic monitoring of the active compound of MMF, mycophenolic acid (MPA), was performed using an EMIT assay."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil for autoimmune disease in children. Feber, J; Filler, G; Franke, D; Hansen, M; LeBlanc, C; Lepage, N; Mai, I, 2003)	0.56
" In contrast, there is no pharmacokinetic interaction between mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and tacrolimus."	( Pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus-based combination therapies. Undre, NA, 2003)	0.32
" This paper describes the outcome of 32 A-A recipients of de novo renal allograft who received CsA-based triple immunotherapy according to individual pharmacokinetic profiles."	( Effect of cyclosporin pharmacokinetics on renal allograft outcome in African-Americans. Browne, BJ; Emovon, OE; Holt, CO; Howell, D; King, JA; Singleton, B, 2003)	0.32
"To develop a population pharmacokinetic model for mycophenolic acid in adult kidney transplant recipients, quantifying average population pharmacokinetic parameter values, and between- and within-subject variability and to evaluate the influence of covariates on the pharmacokinetic variability."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of mycophenolic acid in renal transplant recipients following oral administration of mycophenolate mofetil. Duffull, SB; Shum, B; Taylor, PJ; Tett, SE, 2003)	0.84
" More complex pharmacokinetic models, though not supported by the limited data collected for this study, may prove useful in the future."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of mycophenolic acid in renal transplant recipients following oral administration of mycophenolate mofetil. Duffull, SB; Shum, B; Taylor, PJ; Tett, SE, 2003)	0.59
" Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of free and total MPA and its glucuronides depend directly or indirectly on graft function and the type of co-administered calcineurin-inhibitor."	( Twelve-month evaluation of the clinical pharmacokinetics of total and free mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide metabolites in renal allograft recipients on low dose tacrolimus in combination with mycophenolate mofetil. Abramowicz, D; Armstrong, V; Daems, J; Kuypers, DR; Mourad, M; Oellerich, M; Shipkova, M; Squifflet, JP; Vanrenterghem, Y, 2003)	0.55
"The authors conducted a prospective 12-month multicenter pharmacokinetic study on MPA (MPA, free MPA, free fraction MPA) and its metabolites (MPAG, Acyl-MPAG)."	( Twelve-month evaluation of the clinical pharmacokinetics of total and free mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide metabolites in renal allograft recipients on low dose tacrolimus in combination with mycophenolate mofetil. Abramowicz, D; Armstrong, V; Daems, J; Kuypers, DR; Mourad, M; Oellerich, M; Shipkova, M; Squifflet, JP; Vanrenterghem, Y, 2003)	0.55
"They have demonstrated that in renal transplant recipients MPA, free MPA, Acyl-MPAG and MPAG have a particular pharmacokinetic profile when combined with tacrolimus which differs from the combination with CsA."	( Twelve-month evaluation of the clinical pharmacokinetics of total and free mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide metabolites in renal allograft recipients on low dose tacrolimus in combination with mycophenolate mofetil. Abramowicz, D; Armstrong, V; Daems, J; Kuypers, DR; Mourad, M; Oellerich, M; Shipkova, M; Squifflet, JP; Vanrenterghem, Y, 2003)	0.55
" More extensive pharmacokinetic measurements like area under the concentration curves might be necessary for routine therapeutic drug monitoring of MMF."	( Twelve-month evaluation of the clinical pharmacokinetics of total and free mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide metabolites in renal allograft recipients on low dose tacrolimus in combination with mycophenolate mofetil. Abramowicz, D; Armstrong, V; Daems, J; Kuypers, DR; Mourad, M; Oellerich, M; Shipkova, M; Squifflet, JP; Vanrenterghem, Y, 2003)	0.55
" To evaluate the effect on the immune system of immunosuppressive therapies using calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), several pharmacodynamic indices have been proposed to complement pharmacokinetic data."	( Pharmacodynamic approach to immunosuppressive therapies using calcineurin inhibitors and mycophenolate mofetil. Brunet, M; Campistol, JM; Faura, A; Jiménez, O; Martorell, J; Millán, O; Oppenheimer, F; Rojo, I; Vidal, E; Vives, J, 2003)	0.32
" A hypothesized pharmacokinetic (PK) difference was tested in stable renal transplant recipients."	( Equivalent pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil in African-American and Caucasian male and female stable renal allograft recipients. Banken, L; Boutouyrie, BX; Bumgardner, GL; Ducray, PS; Gaston, R; Guasch, A; Hall, J; Melton, L; Pescovitz, MD; Rajagopalan, P; Tomlanovich, S; Weinstein, S, 2003)	0.32
"The available pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data on mycophenolic acid (MPA), the pharmacologically active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), are derived largely from renal transplant patients, not thoracic transplant recipients."	( Mycophenolate pharmacokinetics in early period following lung or heart transplantation. Decarie, D; Ensom, MH; Fradet, GJ; Ignaszewski, AP; Levy, RD; Partovi, N, 2003)	0.56
" Pharmacokinetic parameters (maximal concentration [C(max)], dose-normalized C(max), time to C(max), minimum concentration, predose concentration, AUC, dose-normalized AUC, free fraction, free AUC) were calculated by traditional noncompartmental methods."	( Mycophenolate pharmacokinetics in early period following lung or heart transplantation. Decarie, D; Ensom, MH; Fradet, GJ; Ignaszewski, AP; Levy, RD; Partovi, N, 2003)	0.32
" No significant differences were found between sampling periods in any pharmacokinetic parameter."	( Mycophenolate pharmacokinetics in early period following lung or heart transplantation. Decarie, D; Ensom, MH; Fradet, GJ; Ignaszewski, AP; Levy, RD; Partovi, N, 2003)	0.32
" Further studies involving more patients and pharmacodynamic outcomes are underway to help identify optimal MMF strategies."	( Mycophenolate pharmacokinetics in early period following lung or heart transplantation. Decarie, D; Ensom, MH; Fradet, GJ; Ignaszewski, AP; Levy, RD; Partovi, N, 2003)	0.32
" The coadministration of daclizumab did not result in a pharmacokinetic interaction with MPA, the active metabolite of MMF."	( Pharmacokinetics of daclizumab and mycophenolate mofetil with cyclosporine and steroids in renal transplantation. Bumgardner, G; Gaston, RS; Kirkman, RL; Light, S; Nieforth, K; Patel, IH; Pescovitz, MD; Vincenti, F, 2003)	0.32
"To develop a population pharmacokinetic model suitable for Bayesian estimation of individual AUC in stable renal transplant patients."	( Population pharmacokinetics and Bayesian estimation of mycophenolic acid concentrations in stable renal transplant patients. Bourgoin, H; Büchler, M; Le Guellec, C; Le Meur, Y; Lebranchu, Y; Marquet, P; Paintaud, G, 2004)	0.57
"This paper reports for the first time population pharmacokinetic data for MPA in stable renal transplant patients, and shows that Bayesian estimation can allow accurate prediction of AUC with only three samples."	( Population pharmacokinetics and Bayesian estimation of mycophenolic acid concentrations in stable renal transplant patients. Bourgoin, H; Büchler, M; Le Guellec, C; Le Meur, Y; Lebranchu, Y; Marquet, P; Paintaud, G, 2004)	0.57
"To characterize the pharmacokinetic behavior of oral cyclosporin (CsA) in renal transplant patient, based on through blood concentration (C0) value, and to develop and to evaluate a Bayesian method for the individualized adjustment of CsA daily dose (DD)."	( [Cyclosporin pharmacokinetic modeling in renal transplant patients]. Jiménez Torres, NV; Pallardó Mateu, L; Pérez Ruixo, JJ; Porta Oltra, B, )	0.13
" Group A (N=48) was used to characterize CsA pharmacokinetic behavior and Group B (N=19) to evaluate Bayesian predictive performance for the model developed."	( [Cyclosporin pharmacokinetic modeling in renal transplant patients]. Jiménez Torres, NV; Pallardó Mateu, L; Pérez Ruixo, JJ; Porta Oltra, B, )	0.13
" In the final model, the Dmax parameter is affected by plasmatic urea values and shows a half-life stabilization time of 90."	( [Cyclosporin pharmacokinetic modeling in renal transplant patients]. Jiménez Torres, NV; Pallardó Mateu, L; Pérez Ruixo, JJ; Porta Oltra, B, )	0.13
"The characterization of the pharmacokinetic behavior of CsA requires us to consider parameters such as Dmax and Km as non lineal functions of time, while the first order autoregressive terms DD and C0 must also be incorporated into the model."	( [Cyclosporin pharmacokinetic modeling in renal transplant patients]. Jiménez Torres, NV; Pallardó Mateu, L; Pérez Ruixo, JJ; Porta Oltra, B, )	0.13
" The method developed was found to be accurate and precise in quantifying the level of MPA and MPAG over a their therapeutic range of concentrations in small volumes of plasma and thus can be effectively used in the routine drug monitoring procedures and pharmacokinetic studies."	( Development of a high pressure liquid chromatography method for the determination of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide metabolite in small volumes of plasma from paediatric patients. Araya, FG; Beattie, TJ; Galloway, PJ; Watson, DG, 2004)	0.55
" Study design We conducted a prospective 12-month pharmacokinetic study of tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid in 100 de novo recipients."	( Clinical efficacy and toxicity profile of tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid in relation to combined long-term pharmacokinetics in de novo renal allograft recipients. Claes, K; Evenepoel, P; Kuypers, DR; Maes, B; Vanrenterghem, Y, 2004)	0.79
"The purpose of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetic parameters of mycophenolic acid (MPA) in Korean kidney transplant recipients."	( Pharmacokinetic study of mycophenolic acid in Korean kidney transplant patients. Burckart, GJ; Cho, EK; Han, DJ; Kim, SC; Oh, JM; Venkataramanan, R, 2004)	0.85
"To investigate a potential pharmacokinetic interaction between mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and aciclovir or valaciclovir."	( Evaluation of pharmacokinetic interactions after oral administration of mycophenolate mofetil and valaciclovir or aciclovir to healthy subjects. Bidault, R; Bourdon, O; Foeillet, E; Garret, C; Gimenez, F; Singlas, E; Weller, S, 2004)	0.32
" The following pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated for aciclovir, mycophenolic acid (MPA) and its inactive glucuronide metabolite (MPAG) from the plasma concentration-time data using noncompartmental methods: area under the concentration-time curve from zero to infinity (AUC infinity), terminal elimination half-life (t1/2z), peak concentration (Cmax) and time to Cmax (tmax)."	( Evaluation of pharmacokinetic interactions after oral administration of mycophenolate mofetil and valaciclovir or aciclovir to healthy subjects. Bidault, R; Bourdon, O; Foeillet, E; Garret, C; Gimenez, F; Singlas, E; Weller, S, 2004)	0.56
" Pharmacodynamic monitoring (measuring the biological response to a drug) coupled with pharmacokinetics allow optimization of drug dosing, with maximum efficacy and minimal toxicity."	( To what extent does the understanding of pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil influence its prescription. Filler, G; Lepage, N, 2004)	0.32
" The specific characteristics of the inter-relationship between dose, concentration and clinical (side-)effects for tacrolimus have not yet been identified and extensive long-term pharmacokinetic studies are presently lacking."	( Time-related clinical determinants of long-term tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in combination therapy with mycophenolic acid and corticosteroids: a prospective study in one hundred de novo renal transplant recipients. Claes, K; Coosemans, W; Evenepoel, P; Kuypers, DR; Maes, B; Pirenne, J; Vanrenterghem, Y, 2004)	0.54
"A prospective pharmacokinetic study of tacrolimus was conducted in 100 de novo renal allograft recipients during the first year post-transplantation."	( Time-related clinical determinants of long-term tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in combination therapy with mycophenolic acid and corticosteroids: a prospective study in one hundred de novo renal transplant recipients. Claes, K; Coosemans, W; Evenepoel, P; Kuypers, DR; Maes, B; Pirenne, J; Vanrenterghem, Y, 2004)	0.54
" Model-independent pharmacokinetic parameters for tacrolimus were calculated and dose-corrected when appropriate: AUC12, peak plasma concentration (Cmax), pre-dose trough concentration (C0), time to Cmax, average steady-state blood concentration, steady-state total body clearance, terminal half-life, volume of distribution and an estimate for tacrolimus bioavailability was derived from additional steady-state intravenous clearance data."	( Time-related clinical determinants of long-term tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in combination therapy with mycophenolic acid and corticosteroids: a prospective study in one hundred de novo renal transplant recipients. Claes, K; Coosemans, W; Evenepoel, P; Kuypers, DR; Maes, B; Pirenne, J; Vanrenterghem, Y, 2004)	0.54
" A 12 h pharmacokinetic profile (10 observation points) was conducted without sevelamer, after a single dose and after 4 days of treatment with it."	( The effect of sevelamer on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A and mycophenolate mofetil after renal transplantation. Bauer, S; Budde, K; Buhle, F; Haffner, D; Mai, I; Neumayer, HH; Pieper, AK; Querfeld, U, 2004)	0.32
"Sevelamer had no significant effect on CsA kinetics [area under the curve (AUC), peak concentration (C(max)), time of C(max)]."	( The effect of sevelamer on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A and mycophenolate mofetil after renal transplantation. Bauer, S; Budde, K; Buhle, F; Haffner, D; Mai, I; Neumayer, HH; Pieper, AK; Querfeld, U, 2004)	0.32
"To study the effect of mycophenolate mofetil therapy on the pharmacokinetic parameters of a number of antiretroviral drugs, on intracellular pools of deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) and deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP), and on intracellular concentrations of the triphosphate of lamivudine (3TCTP)."	( Effect of mycophenolate mofetil on the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs and on intracellular nucleoside triphosphate pools. Back, DJ; Beijnen, JH; Crommentuyn, KM; Hoggard, PG; Huitema, AD; Kewn, S; Lange, JM; Prins, JM; Sankatsing, SU; Sparidans, RW, 2004)	0.32
"Randomised pharmacokinetic study."	( Effect of mycophenolate mofetil on the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs and on intracellular nucleoside triphosphate pools. Back, DJ; Beijnen, JH; Crommentuyn, KM; Hoggard, PG; Huitema, AD; Kewn, S; Lange, JM; Prins, JM; Sankatsing, SU; Sparidans, RW, 2004)	0.32
" After 8 weeks of therapy, the plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of mycophenolic acid (the active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil), abacavir, indinavir and nevirapine, and triphosphate concentrations (dCTP, dGTP and 3TCTP) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, were determined."	( Effect of mycophenolate mofetil on the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs and on intracellular nucleoside triphosphate pools. Back, DJ; Beijnen, JH; Crommentuyn, KM; Hoggard, PG; Huitema, AD; Kewn, S; Lange, JM; Prins, JM; Sankatsing, SU; Sparidans, RW, 2004)	0.56
"5, and 2 g/day together with cyclosporine and prednisolone underwent a single pharmacokinetic blood sampling for 12 hours following the morning dose of MMF."	( The pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil in Thai kidney transplant recipients. Jirasiritham, S; Mavichak, V; Na-Bangchang, K; Sumethkul, V, 2004)	0.32
" The role of immunosuppressants in post-transplant outcome is crucial, and associations between exposure-related pharmacokinetic parameters and clinical outcome have been made for several drugs in this class."	( Pharmacokinetics of immunosuppressants: a perspective on ethnic differences. Dirks, NL; Huth, B; Meibohm, B; Yates, CR, 2004)	0.32
" Considerable interindividual variability in the areas under the concentration curve (AUC(0-12)) of MPA was observed during the follow-up, although the dose of MMF remained the same over the same time."	( Mycophenolate mofetil pharmacokinetic monitoring in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Cardillo, M; Dello Strologo, L; Edefonti, A; Ferraresso, M; Ghio, L; Gianoglio, B; Ginevri, F; Murer, L; Perfumo, F; Tirelli, S; Valente, U; Viganò, SM; Zacchello, G, 2005)	0.33
" The pharmacokinetic measurements were performed in all patients using three MMF dosing regimens (0."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in kidney transplant patients receiving sirolimus versus cyclosporine. Allard, C; Coquerel, A; Debruyne, D; El Haggan, W; Ficheux, M; Hurault de Ligny, B; Lobbedez, T; Rognant, N; Ryckelynck, JP, 2005)	0.65
" Therefore, this study was designed to assess pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of the combination cyclosporin (CsA) plus mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on lymphocyte functions in peripheral blood of stable heart transplant recipients (HTx) using our established FACS assays."	( C0h/C2h monitoring of the pharmacodynamics of cyclosporin plus mycophenolate mofetil in human heart transplant recipients. Barten, MJ; Bittner, HB; Dhein, S; Garbade, J; Gummert, JF; Mohr, FW; Rahmel, A; Richter, M, 2005)	0.33
"The aim of this study was to characterise the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic monitoring of low doses of mycophenolate mofetil (0."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of low dose mycophenolate mofetil in HIV-infected patients treated with abacavir, efavirenz and nelfinavir. Brunet, M; Gallart, T; García, F; Gatell, JM; Martorell, J; Millán, O; Miró, JM; Plana, M; Pumarola, T; Rojo, I; Vidal, E, 2005)	0.33
"Mycophenolate mofetil pharmacokinetic profiles in HIV patients under HAART are not significantly different from those found in transplant patients."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of low dose mycophenolate mofetil in HIV-infected patients treated with abacavir, efavirenz and nelfinavir. Brunet, M; Gallart, T; García, F; Gatell, JM; Martorell, J; Millán, O; Miró, JM; Plana, M; Pumarola, T; Rojo, I; Vidal, E, 2005)	0.33
" Blood (EDTA) samples for full pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained for 9 patients on days 3 and 5 (IV MMF) and on days 6 and 10 (oral MMF)."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of mycophenolic acid after intravenous administration and oral administration of mycophenolate mofetil to heart transplant recipients. Armstrong, VW; Koerfer, R; Oellerich, M; Parsa, A; Schröder, H; Shipkova, M; Tenderich, G, 2005)	0.6
" The results of this study combine the relationships between the pharmacokinetic parameters of MPA and patient covariates, which may be useful for dose adjustment, with a convenient sampling procedure that may aid in optimizing pediatric patient care."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in kidney transplant pediatric and adolescent patients. Bensman, A; Bouissou, F; Bressolle, F; Gomeni, R; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Loirat, C; Maisin, A; Payen, S; Popon, M; Zhang, D, 2005)	0.61
" Mycophenolic acid (MPA) pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were used for associations with the incidence of acute rejection (AR) episodes and infectious complications after renal transplantation."	( The influence of mycophenolate mofetil versus azathioprine and mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics on the incidence of acute rejection and infectious complications after renal transplantation. Habuchi, T; Hayase, Y; Inoue, T; Matsuura, S; Murakami, M; Satoh, S; Suzuki, T; Tada, H; Togashi, H; Tsuchiya, N, 2005)	1.48
" A randomized, calcineurin inhibitor crossover, steady-state pharmacokinetic study in stable renal transplant patients receiving EC-MPS demonstrated increased MPA exposure of 19% higher, MPA C(max,ss) 19% lower and MPA C(min,ss) approximately twofold higher with tacrolimus, than cyclosporine microemulsion."	( Randomized calcineurin inhibitor cross over study to measure the pharmacokinetics of co-administered enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium. Balez, S; Bastien, MC; Kaplan, B; Meier-Kriesche, HU; Minnick, P; Picard, F; Schmouder, R; Sechaud, R; Yeh, CM, 2005)	0.33
"Population pharmacokinetic parameters for MPA were determined."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid during the first week after renal transplantation. Duffull, SB; Fraser, AD; Kiberd, B; Staatz, CE; Tett, SE, 2005)	0.61
"To assess the influence of cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506) on mycophenolic acid (MPA) and correlation analysis of the pharmacokinetic parameters and patient characteristics, clinical outcome in Chinese kidney transplant recipients, the pharmacokinetics of 1000 mg mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) twice daily was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in Chinese kidney transplant patients. Huang, HF; Liu, J; Lu, XY; Sheng-Tu, JZ, 2005)	0.88
"The immunosuppressive drug mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is used after nonmyeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT); however, limited pharmacodynamic data are available."	( Pharmacodynamics of mycophenolate mofetil after nonmyeloablative conditioning and unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation. Cole, S; Georges, GE; Giaccone, L; Gooley, TA; Maris, MB; McCune, JS; Nash, RA; Sandmaier, BM; Slattery, JT; Storb, RF, 2005)	0.33
" Although MPA plasma concentrations have been shown to correlate with clinical outcome, there is considerable inter- and intrapatient pharmacokinetic variability."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in renal transplant recipients. Mathot, RA; van Gelder, T; van Hest, RM; Vulto, AG, 2005)	0.61
"The aim of the study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for MPA following oral administration of mycophenolate mofetil, and evaluate relationships between patient factors and pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in renal transplant recipients. Mathot, RA; van Gelder, T; van Hest, RM; Vulto, AG, 2005)	0.61
" Pharmacokinetic profiles were assessed on nine occasions during a 24-week period."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in renal transplant recipients. Mathot, RA; van Gelder, T; van Hest, RM; Vulto, AG, 2005)	0.61
"The developed population pharmacokinetic model adequately describes the pharmacokinetics of MPA in renal transplant recipients."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in renal transplant recipients. Mathot, RA; van Gelder, T; van Hest, RM; Vulto, AG, 2005)	0.61
" The elimination half-life for MPAG was slightly longer than for MPA (approximately 13 h vs."	( Pharmacokinetics of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in stable pediatric renal transplant recipients. Bartosh, S; Bastien, MC; Campestrini, J; Choi, L; Ettenger, R; Niederberger, W; Schmouder, R; Zhu, W, 2005)	0.33
" Full pharmacokinetic profiles were compared at month 6 and 12 post-surgery."	( Influence of co-medication with sirolimus or cyclosporine on mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in kidney transplantation. Baldelli, S; Cattaneo, D; Gotti, E; Merlini, S; Perico, N; Remuzzi, G; Zenoni, S, 2005)	0.57
" Pharmacodynamic (PD) relationships were evaluated using Hill equations modified for single and multidrug regimens, and expressed as EC(50) for each target receptor."	( Individualizing combination of two antiproliferative immunosuppressants with pharmacodynamic modeling of stimulated lymphocyte responses. Berry, V; Janosky, J; Magill, A; Sindhi, R; Yost, M, 2006)	0.33
" The purpose of this study was to detect interpatient pharmacokinetic variability of tacrolimus and to assess the predictability of individual tacrolimus concentrations at various times for the area under the curve (AUC) seeking to find the best sampling time for an abbreviated AUC to predict the total body exposure of tacrolimus after the first oral dose in Chinese renal transplantation recipients."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus after the first oral administration in combination with mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone in Chinese renal transplant recipients. Chen, LZ; Chen, YH; Dai, YP; Fei, JG; Li, J; Qiu, J; Zheng, KL, 2005)	0.33
"5, and 3 hours as an abbreviated AUC were as good as a full pharmacokinetic study (r = ."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus after the first oral administration in combination with mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone in Chinese renal transplant recipients. Chen, LZ; Chen, YH; Dai, YP; Fei, JG; Li, J; Qiu, J; Zheng, KL, 2005)	0.33
" This population pharmacokinetic meta-analysis of MPA in renal transplant recipients was performed to explore whether race, renal function, albumin level, delayed graft function, diabetes, and co-medication are determinants of total MPA exposure."	( Explaining variability in mycophenolic acid exposure to optimize mycophenolate mofetil dosing: a population pharmacokinetic meta-analysis of mycophenolic acid in renal transplant recipients. Gordon, R; Mamelok, RD; Mathot, RA; Pescovitz, MD; van Gelder, T; van Hest, RM, 2006)	0.63
" This study compared the pharmacokinetic profiles of MPA and its major metabolite MPA glucuronide (MPAG) in combination with tacrolimus (TAC) or cyclosporine (CyA) during the maintenance period (>6 months) following renal transplantation."	( Effects of calcineurin inhibitors on pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide metabolite during the maintenance period following renal transplantation. Hashimoto, H; Kagawa, Y; Maeda, T; Naito, T; Otsuka, A; Ozono, S; Shinno, K; Suzuki, K; Takayama, T; Ushiyama, T, 2006)	0.58
"The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of time on pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of mycophenolic acid (MPA) in the early post-transplant period in kidney recipients."	( Comparison of mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetic parameters in kidney transplant patients within the first 3 months post-transplant. Durlik, M; Gralak, B; Majchrnak, J; Pawinski, T; Szlaska, I; Urbanowicz, A, 2006)	0.91
" When MPA AUC and C(0) were within the recommended ranges, CEM proliferation was inhibited by almost all serum samples, but when these pharmacokinetic parameters were below the recommended ranges, CEM proliferation was very variable and, therefore, unpredictable."	( Sequential determination of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mycophenolic acid in liver transplant patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil. Brunet, M; Cirera, I; Jiménez, O; Londoño, MC; Martorell, J; Millán, O; Rimola, A; Rojo, I; Vidal, E, 2006)	0.57
" To confirm the ability of pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters to discriminate between patients with or without acute rejection after kidney transplantation, an analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was performed in 51 adult patients, among whom nearly 50% experienced biopsy-proven acute rejection episodes during the first 90 days posttransplant."	( The weight of pharmacokinetic parameters for mycophenolic acid in prediction of rejection outcome: the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Durlik, M; Gralak, B; Majchrzak, J; Ostrowska, J; Pawinski, T; Szlaska, I; Urbanowicz, A, )	0.39
" Therefore, we tested the pharmacokinetic profile of microemulsion CsA as a superior approach to guide clinical immunosuppression after de novo simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantations."	( Pharmacokinetic profiling of cyclosporine microemulsion during the first 3 weeks after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. Drewelow, B; Gock, M; Klar, E; Kundt, G; Schareck, W; Wacke, R, 2006)	0.33
" Blood samples were analyzed and pharmacokinetic parameters of mycophenolic acid and its metabolite were compared."	( An isocratic high performance liquid chromatographic method for quantification of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide metabolite in human serum using liquid-liquid extraction: application to human pharmacokinetic studies. Bahrami, G; Mohammadi, B, 2006)	0.8
" Although, suitability of the method has been demonstrated in pharmacokinetic studies of MMF in normal subjects, its specificity in renal and hepatic transplant patients has not been established and the stated upper linearity of MPAG may not be sufficient for use in transplant patients."	( An isocratic high performance liquid chromatographic method for quantification of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide metabolite in human serum using liquid-liquid extraction: application to human pharmacokinetic studies. Bahrami, G; Mohammadi, B, 2006)	0.56
"To develop a pharmacokinetic model for the enterohepatic circulation of mycophenolic acid (MPA)."	( [Pharmacokinetic model for the enterohepatic circulation of mycophenolic acid]. Jiao, Z; Shen, J; Yu, YQ; Zhong, LJ; Zhong, MK, 2006)	0.81
" Pharmacokinetic (PK) model was established based on physiological and biopharmaceutical consideration and PK parameters were obtained using nonlinear mixed effect model."	( [Pharmacokinetic model for the enterohepatic circulation of mycophenolic acid]. Jiao, Z; Shen, J; Yu, YQ; Zhong, LJ; Zhong, MK, 2006)	0.58
" The predicted time-concentration curve and AUC0-t, Cmax, Tmax estimated by the established model were in agreement with the observations."	( [Pharmacokinetic model for the enterohepatic circulation of mycophenolic acid]. Jiao, Z; Shen, J; Yu, YQ; Zhong, LJ; Zhong, MK, 2006)	0.58
"These results confirm that sirolimus metabolic activity and oral clearance are significantly decreased in patients who are homozygous for the CYP3A5*3 single-nucleotide polymorphism and suggest that the determination of this polymorphism could be useful for a priori dose adjustment of sirolimus, given the long half-life of this drug."	( CYP3A5*3 influences sirolimus oral clearance in de novo and stable renal transplant recipients. Djebli, N; Hoizey, G; Le Meur, Y; Marquet, P; Rérolle, JP; Szelag, JC; Toupance, O, 2006)	0.33
" Pharmacokinetic profiling of MPA by determining AUC is a tool for determining drug exposure."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronidated metabolites in stable lung transplant recipients. Ensom, MH; Levy, RD; Partovi, N; Riggs, KW; Ting, LS, 2006)	0.66
"To characterize the pharmacokinetic parameters and metabolic ratios of MPA in stable adult lung transplant recipients."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronidated metabolites in stable lung transplant recipients. Ensom, MH; Levy, RD; Partovi, N; Riggs, KW; Ting, LS, 2006)	0.66
" Conventional pharmacokinetic parameters were determined via noncompartmental methods."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronidated metabolites in stable lung transplant recipients. Ensom, MH; Levy, RD; Partovi, N; Riggs, KW; Ting, LS, 2006)	0.66
"There was large interpatient variability in all pharmacokinetic parameters of MPA, MPAG, and AcMPAG."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronidated metabolites in stable lung transplant recipients. Ensom, MH; Levy, RD; Partovi, N; Riggs, KW; Ting, LS, 2006)	0.66
"Because of the large interpatient variability in the pharmacokinetic parameters of MPA, MPAG, and AcMPAG, therapeutic drug monitoring of MPA and its metabolites in lung transplant recipients may be beneficial."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronidated metabolites in stable lung transplant recipients. Ensom, MH; Levy, RD; Partovi, N; Riggs, KW; Ting, LS, 2006)	0.66
" The Cmax and tmax of MPA after the morning dose were respectively higher and shorter than those after the night dose."	( Circadian pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic Acid and implication of genetic polymorphisms for early clinical events in renal transplant recipients. Habuchi, T; Hayase, Y; Inoue, T; Li, Z; Miura, M; Murakami, M; Numakura, K; Saito, M; Satoh, S; Suzuki, T; Tada, H; Tsuchiya, N, 2006)	0.62
"To compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and mycophenolic acid glucuronide (MPAG) after single and multiple oral administration of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in Chinese renal transplant patients with those of recipients in other countries."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide after a single and multiple oral dose of mycophenolate mofetil in Chinese renal transplantation recipients. Li, YP; Liang, MZ; Lu, YP; Nan, F, 2006)	0.92
" The concentration-time data were examined with Drug and Statistics pharmacokinetic software."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide after a single and multiple oral dose of mycophenolate mofetil in Chinese renal transplantation recipients. Li, YP; Liang, MZ; Lu, YP; Nan, F, 2006)	0.66
" Compared with the literature reports, the main pharmacokinetic parameters of MPA and MPAG shown by our research revealed some differences."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide after a single and multiple oral dose of mycophenolate mofetil in Chinese renal transplantation recipients. Li, YP; Liang, MZ; Lu, YP; Nan, F, 2006)	0.66
" A pharmacokinetic study was performed during an interval in dosing after steady state had been reached within 2 months after transplantation."	( Investigation on pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in Chinese adult renal transplant patients. Da, X; Hongzhuan, C; Peijun, Z; Xianghui, W; Zicheng, Y, 2006)	0.61
"50 microg h ml(-1), but there was large variability in these pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Investigation on pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in Chinese adult renal transplant patients. Da, X; Hongzhuan, C; Peijun, Z; Xianghui, W; Zicheng, Y, 2006)	0.61
" In this study, to obtain more information for TDM of MPA, the association between MPA pharmacokinetic characteristics and the development of the side effects, and the effect of other concomitant immunosupressants such as cyclospoline A (CyA), tacrolimus (FK) and predonisolone (PSL) on MPA pharmacokinetics were investigated in detail."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil in Japanese renal transplant recipients: A retrospective cohort study in a single center. Ito, Y; Kokuhu, T; Okamoto, M; Sasaki, T; Shibata, N; Sugioka, N; Takada, K; Yoshimura, N, 2006)	0.33
" The aim of this investigation was therefore to prospectively validate an algorithm based on an abbreviated pharmacokinetic (PK) profile for the estimation of MPA exposure in 54 pediatric renal transplant recipients (169 PK profiles) on MMF in conjunction with CsA and prednisone on a second data set in a different group of patients with a similar immunosuppressive regimen (25 patients, 119 PK profiles)."	( Validation of an abbreviated pharmacokinetic profile for the estimation of mycophenolic acid exposure in pediatric renal transplant recipients. Armstrong, VW; Hoecker, B; Oellerich, M; Tönshoff, B; Weber, LT, 2006)	0.56
" The authors have compared full CsA pharmacokinetic evaluations in 12 kidney transplant recipients given EC-MPS with those from 20 patients on MMF at months 6, 12, 18 and 24 postsurgery."	( Mycophenolic acid formulation affects cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in stable kidney transplant recipients. Baldelli, S; Bartolini, B; Cattaneo, D; Gotti, E; Merlini, S; Nicastri, A; Perico, N; Remuzzi, G, 2006)	1.78
"The objectives of the present study were: (i) to analyse the population pharmacokinetics of sirolimus in renal transplant recipients co-administered mycophenolate mofetil, but no calcineurin inhibitor over the first 3 months post-transplantation and study the influence of different potential covariates, including genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolic enzymes and active transporters, on pharmacokinetic parameters; and (ii) to develop a Bayesian estimator able to reliably estimate the individual pharmacokinetic parameters and exposure indices in this population."	( Sirolimus population pharmacokinetic/pharmacogenetic analysis and bayesian modelling in kidney transplant recipients. Djebli, N; Hoizey, G; Le Meur, Y; Marquet, P; Rerolle, JP; Rousseau, A; Toupance, O, 2006)	0.33
" The population pharmacokinetic study was conducted using the nonlinear mixed effects model software, NONMEM, and validated using both the bootstrap and the cross-validation approaches."	( Sirolimus population pharmacokinetic/pharmacogenetic analysis and bayesian modelling in kidney transplant recipients. Djebli, N; Hoizey, G; Le Meur, Y; Marquet, P; Rerolle, JP; Rousseau, A; Toupance, O, 2006)	0.33
"This study presents an accurate population pharmacokinetic model showing the significant influence of the CYP3A5*1/*3 polymorphism on sirolimus apparent oral clearance, and a Bayesian estimator accurately predicting sirolimus pharmacokinetics in patients co-administered mycophenolate mofetil, but no calcineurin inhibitor."	( Sirolimus population pharmacokinetic/pharmacogenetic analysis and bayesian modelling in kidney transplant recipients. Djebli, N; Hoizey, G; Le Meur, Y; Marquet, P; Rerolle, JP; Rousseau, A; Toupance, O, 2006)	0.33
"This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of total and free mycophnolic acid (MPA) and its 7-O-glucuronide metabolite (MPAG) in Chinese renal transplant recipients."	( Total and free mycophenolic acid and its 7-O-glucuronide metabolite in Chinese adult renal transplant patients: pharmacokinetics and application of limited sampling strategies. Jiao, Z; Lu, WY; Shi, XJ; Yu, YQ; Zhang, M; Zhong, JY, 2007)	0.69
" Whole 12-h pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained on the 10th day after operation in 12 adult Chinese de novo renal transplant recipients administrated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, 750 mg bid), cyclosporine and corticosteroids."	( Total and free mycophenolic acid and its 7-O-glucuronide metabolite in Chinese adult renal transplant patients: pharmacokinetics and application of limited sampling strategies. Jiao, Z; Lu, WY; Shi, XJ; Yu, YQ; Zhang, M; Zhong, JY, 2007)	0.69
" Our objective was to develop a model in the initial phase of the transplantation that explains the variability in the pharmacokinetic behavior of MPA in the immediate posttransplant period, following treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in adult liver transplantation."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of mycophenolic acid profiles during the period immediately following an orthotopic liver transplant. Fatela-Cantillo, D; Gómez-Bravo, MA; Hinojosa-Pérez, R; Peralvo-Rodríguez, MI; Serrano-Díaz Canedo, J, 2006)	0.62
"One hundred ten pharmacokinetic simplified sampling profiles were collected, including four samples over a 6-hour postdose interval, in over 60 patients treated with cyclosporine or tacrolimus, MMF, and steroids, combining Daclizumab in more than a third of the patients."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of mycophenolic acid profiles during the period immediately following an orthotopic liver transplant. Fatela-Cantillo, D; Gómez-Bravo, MA; Hinojosa-Pérez, R; Peralvo-Rodríguez, MI; Serrano-Díaz Canedo, J, 2006)	0.62
"1% of profiles displayed a single peak with more than half showing a tmax >/= 3 hours."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of mycophenolic acid profiles during the period immediately following an orthotopic liver transplant. Fatela-Cantillo, D; Gómez-Bravo, MA; Hinojosa-Pérez, R; Peralvo-Rodríguez, MI; Serrano-Díaz Canedo, J, 2006)	0.62
"2 ng/mL, Cmax 10."	( Differential pharmacokinetic interaction of tacrolimus and cyclosporine on everolimus. Curtis, JJ; Hricik, DE; Kovarik, JM; Pescovitz, MD; Scantlebury, V; Vasquez, A, 2006)	0.33
"This review aims to provide an extensive overview of the literature on the clinical pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate in solid organ transplantation and a briefer summary of current pharmacodynamic information."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mycophenolate in solid organ transplant recipients. Staatz, CE; Tett, SE, 2007)	0.34
" The aim of this study was to characterize the time-dependent CL of MPA by means of a population pharmacokinetic meta-analysis, and to test whether it can be described by covariate effects."	( Time-dependent clearance of mycophenolic acid in renal transplant recipients. Bouw, R; Goggin, T; Gordon, R; Mamelok, RD; Mathot, RA; van Gelder, T; van Hest, RM, 2007)	0.63
" A total of 72 pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and determination of area under the curve by abbreviated sampling strategy in Chinese liver transplant recipients. Chen, H; Deng, X; Fei, Y; Li, H; Peng, C; Qiu, W; Shen, B; Shen, C; Yang, W; Yu, Z; Zhou, G, 2007)	0.66
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with 3P97 software."	( [Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in Chinese patients with liver transplant]. Chen, H; Chen, HZ; Yu, ZC; Zhang, WX; Zhou, GW; Zhou, PJ, 2006)	0.65
" However, a large variability of pharmacokinetic parameters existed in these patients."	( [Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in Chinese patients with liver transplant]. Chen, H; Chen, HZ; Yu, ZC; Zhang, WX; Zhou, GW; Zhou, PJ, 2006)	0.65
"Sequential pharmacokinetic assessments were performed at five centers within the context of a multicenter, single-blind, randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS, myfortic) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, CellCept) in de novo heart transplant recipients."	( Pharmacokinetics and variability of mycophenolic acid from enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium compared with mycophenolate mofetil in de novo heart transplant recipients. Balez, S; Gerosa, G; Hummel, M; Koelle, EU; Miller, LW; Ross, H; Sechaud, R; Yonan, N, )	0.41
"MMF and EC-MPS are associated with similar MPA exposure and equivalent pharmacodynamic effect."	( Conversion from mycophenolate mofetil to enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in maintenance renal transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus: clinical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic outcomes. Arns, W; Bauer, S; Budde, K; Fischer, W; Glander, P; Grohmann, J; Hoffmann, U; Krämer, BK; Neumayer, HH, 2007)	0.34
" In this study, we report the pharmacokinetic profile of EC-MPS in stable liver transplantation recipients administered a single 720 mg dose."	( Pharmacokinetics of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in stable liver transplant recipients. Bendrick-Peart, J; Christians, U; Perry, TW; Trotter, JF, )	0.13
"There is a wide variation in pharmacokinetic parameters in stable, long-term liver transplantation recipients receiving a single dose of EC-MPS."	( Pharmacokinetics of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in stable liver transplant recipients. Bendrick-Peart, J; Christians, U; Perry, TW; Trotter, JF, )	0.13
" After enteric-coated mycophenolate treatment, the mycophenolic acid peak concentration (Cmax = 12."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mycophenolic acid after enteric-coated mycophenolate versus mycophenolate mofetil in patients with progressive IgA nephritis. Bauer, S; Budde, K; Carius, A; Czock, D; Glander, P; Keller, F; Rasche, FM; von Müller, L, 2007)	0.86
" Few pharmacokinetic data are available about the use of MMF for this indication."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Armstrong, VW; Cornelissen, JJ; de Winter, BC; Doorduijn, JK; Löwenberg, B; Mathot, RA; Oellerich, M; van Gelder, T; van Hest, RM; Vulto, AG, 2007)	0.34
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using WinNonlin software."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in liver transplant patients after intravenous and oral administration of mycophenolate mofetil. Abt, P; Batzold, P; Bozorgzadeh, A; Jain, A; Kashyap, R; Kwong, T; Mack, C; Mohanka, R; Orloff, M; Tsoulfas, G; Venkataramanan, R; Williamson, M, 2007)	0.66
" Pharmacokinetic assessments were performed at day 7, week 4, and months 3 and 6 post-transplant."	( Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in combination with sirolimus or ciclosporin in renal transplant patients. Bouw, MR; Calleja, E; Hart, M; Leung, M; McKay, D; Melton, L; Mulgaonkar, S; Pescovitz, MD; Vincenti, F; Whelchel, J, 2007)	0.34
"To explore the pharmacokinetic characteristics of mycophenolic acid (MPA) among elderly Chinese kidney transplant recipients, we enrolled 24 patients over 60 years old (65."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in senile Chinese kidney transplant recipients. Chen, LZ; Chen, SY; Deng, SX; Fei, JG; Li, J; Li, SX; Meng, FH; Qiu, J; Ren, B; Wang, CX, 2007)	0.88
"Prospective, open-label, three-phase, crossover, steady-state pharmacokinetic study."	( Lack of an effect of oral iron administration on mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in stable renal transplant recipients. Gelone, DK; Lake, KD; Park, JM, 2007)	0.59
" Patients had clinical and hematochemical evaluations at month 6 after transplantation, as well as complete MPA pharmacokinetic assessment."	( C-440T/T-331C polymorphisms in the UGT1A9 gene affect the pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in kidney transplantation. Baldelli, S; Cattaneo, D; Cortinovis, M; Gotti, E; Merlini, S; Nicastri, A; Perico, N; Remuzzi, G, 2007)	0.57
" For overcoming these problems, an enteric-coated formulation of mycophenolate sodium has been developed, but pharmacokinetic data of mycophenolic acid release from this formulation are scanty."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate sodium and comparison with the mofetil formulation in stable kidney transplant recipients. Baldelli, S; Bitto, A; Cattaneo, D; Cortinovis, M; Gotti, E; Perico, N; Remuzzi, G, 2007)	0.54
" Subsequently, all patients who were receiving the enteric-coated formulation were shifted to mycophenolate mofetil, and the pharmacokinetic evaluations were repeated."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate sodium and comparison with the mofetil formulation in stable kidney transplant recipients. Baldelli, S; Bitto, A; Cattaneo, D; Cortinovis, M; Gotti, E; Perico, N; Remuzzi, G, 2007)	0.34
"At month 6 after surgery, aberrant and variable pharmacokinetic curves were found in patients who were given the enteric-coated formulation, whereas those who were taking mycophenolate mofetil had regular mycophenolic acid kinetic profiles."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate sodium and comparison with the mofetil formulation in stable kidney transplant recipients. Baldelli, S; Bitto, A; Cattaneo, D; Cortinovis, M; Gotti, E; Perico, N; Remuzzi, G, 2007)	0.53
" Twelve-hour pharmacokinetic investigations to measure CsA and its six main metabolites, Tac and mycophenolate concentrations were performed before and after 1-week treatment with 30 mg cinacalcet once daily."	( Cinacalcet's effect on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus, cyclosporine and mycophenolate in renal transplant recipients. Asberg, A; Bergan, S; Falck, P; Holdaas, H; Midtvedt, K; Reubsaet, JL; Vethe, NT, 2008)	0.35
"There are few pharmacokinetic data for mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) when used in combination with cyclosporine (CsA) in pediatric liver transplant recipients."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil in stable pediatric liver transplant recipients receiving mycophenolate mofetil and cyclosporine. Bouw, R; Leung, M; Lobritto, SJ; Mamelok, RD; Rosenthal, P; Snell, P, 2007)	0.34
" All other primary pharmacokinetic parameters, including time to maximum concentration, for total or unbound MPA as well as MPA metabolites were comparable."	( Effect of diabetes mellitus on mycophenolate sodium pharmacokinetics and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase activity in stable kidney transplant recipients. Akhlaghi, F; Gohh, RY; Patel, CG; Richman, K; Yan, B; Yang, D, 2007)	0.34
" The mean dose-unadjusted and -adjusted Cmax of MPA with 30 mg lansoprazole were significantly lower than those without PPI (11."	( Influence of lansoprazole and rabeprazole on mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics one year after renal transplantation. Habuchi, T; Inoue, K; Kagaya, H; Miura, M; Saito, M; Satoh, S; Suzuki, T, 2008)	0.61
"A new population pharmacokinetic model for EHC combining MPA and its main glucuronide metabolite (MPAG) simultaneously was established based on physiological aspects of biliary excretion using intensive sampling data."	( Population pharmacokinetic modelling for enterohepatic circulation of mycophenolic acid in healthy Chinese and the influence of polymorphisms in UGT1A9. Ding, JJ; Jiao, Z; Liang, HQ; Lu, WY; Shen, J; Wang, Y; Zhong, LJ; Zhong, MK, 2008)	0.58
" The model evaluation tests indicated that the proposed model can describe the pharmacokinetic profiles of MPA and MPAG in healthy Chinese subjects."	( Population pharmacokinetic modelling for enterohepatic circulation of mycophenolic acid in healthy Chinese and the influence of polymorphisms in UGT1A9. Ding, JJ; Jiao, Z; Liang, HQ; Lu, WY; Shen, J; Wang, Y; Zhong, LJ; Zhong, MK, 2008)	0.58
" There were also no significant differences in the MPA pharmacokinetic parameters among three tacrolimus C(0) groups: 5 < or = C(0) < 10, 10 < or = C(0) < 15 and 15 < or =C(0) < 20 ng/mL."	( No pharmacokinetic interactions between mycophenolic acid and tacrolimus in renal transplant recipients. Habuchi, T; Inoue, K; Inoue, T; Kagaya, H; Miura, M; Saito, M; Satoh, S; Suzuki, T, 2008)	0.61
"A specific pharmacokinetic model was built to accurately fit MPA blood concentration-time profiles after MMF oral dosing in SLE patients, which allowed development of an accurate Bayesian estimator of MPA exposure that should allow MMF monitoring based on the AUC(12) in these patients."	( Pharmacokinetic study of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and design of Bayesian estimator using limited sampling strategies. Amoura, Z; Debord, J; Hulot, JS; Lechat, P; Marquet, P; Piette, JC; Saint-Marcoux, F; Zahr, N, 2008)	0.35
" Sirolimus half-life and mean residence time (MRT) are shorter than in adults."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil and sirolimus in children. Bendrick-Peart, J; Christians, U; Filler, G, 2008)	0.35
" However, only limited pharmacokinetic data are available on enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in non-transplant indications."	( Pharmacokinetics of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium: comparative study in patients with autoimmune disease and renal allograft. Bayer, P; Fang, IF; Fuhrmann, H; Graf, H; Jaeger, A; Kanzler, M; Kovarik, J; Neumann, I, 2008)	0.35
", mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS), seem to have different pharmacokinetic profiles."	( Pharmacodynamic monitoring of the conversion from mycophenolate mofetil to enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in stable kidney-allograft recipients. Böhler, T; Canivet, C; Durand, D; Galvani, S; Kamar, N; Negre-Salvayre, A; Rostaing, L; Salvayre, R; Therville, N; Thomsen, M, 2008)	0.35
" However, the mean plasma concentration at 12 hours (Clast), drug disposition rate constant, half-life (t 1/2), and mean residence time were similar in both groups."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in live donor liver transplant patients vs deceased donor liver transplant patients. Abt, P; Bozorgzadeh, A; Jain, A; Kashyap, R; Kwong, T; Orloff, M; Sharma, R; Tsoulfas, G; Venkataramanan, R, 2008)	0.67
" Here, we investigate the optimal MMF dosing strategy based on pharmacokinetic studies in 20 Japanese alloSCT patients."	( Pharmacokinetics-based optimal dose-exploration of mycophenolate mofetil in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Hirai, M; Katayama, Y; Kawamori, Y; Kawano, H; Kawano, Y; Matsui, T; Minagawa, K; Nishikawa, S; Okamura, A; Sakaeda, T; Shimoyama, M; Yakushijin, K; Yamamori, M, 2008)	0.35
" Most pharmacokinetic (PK) studies have been focused on MPA, but not its metabolites, in kidney transplant recipients."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its phenolic-glucuronide and ACYl glucuronide metabolites in stable thoracic transplant recipients. Ensom, MH; Levy, RD; Partovi, N; Riggs, KW; Ting, LS, 2008)	0.67
"5 g mycophenolate mofetil and completed a 12-h pharmacokinetic profile."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil and its glucuronide metabolites in healthy volunteers. Benoit-Biancamano, MO; Couture, F; Delage, R; Guillemette, C; Lévesque, E, 2008)	0.35
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of MPA were calculated by the noncompartmental method."	( Impact of changing from cyclosporine to tacrolimus on pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in renal transplant recipients with diabetes. Cibrik, DM; Lake, KD; Park, JM, 2008)	0.58
" The method was successfully applied to the evaluation of the pharmacokinetic profile of MPA dispersible tablet in 20 healthy volunteers."	( High-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of mycophenolic acid in human plasma and application to a pharmacokinetic study of mycophenolic acid dispersible tablet. Xiang, BR; Zhang, J; Zhang, W, 2008)	0.58
" Plasma samples for 12-hour pharmacokinetic profiles were collected on day 7, and after 3, 9, 24, and 36 months posttransplant."	( Long-term pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in pediatric renal transplant recipients over 3 years posttransplant. Armstrong, VW; Hoecker, B; Oellerich, M; Tönshoff, B; Weber, LT, 2008)	0.63
" Differences in the MPA pharmacokinetic profiles confirmed large inter-patient variation of MPA exposure."	( Influence of uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferases and ABCC2 genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its metabolites in Chinese renal transplant recipients. Cai, W; Chen, B; Chen, H; Jin, Z; Mao, A; Wang, X; Yu, Z; Zhang, WX, 2008)	0.55
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of MPA and MPAG were compared between LN patients and Tac-treated or CyA-treated KT recipients."	( Comparison of pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide between patients with lupus nephritis and with kidney transplantation. Hishida, A; Kagawa, Y; Kawakami, J; Matsushita, T; Mino, Y; Naito, T; Otsuka, A; Ozono, S; Ushiyama, T, 2008)	0.63
" Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using nonlinear mixed-effects modelling (NONMEM)."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid : a comparison between enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium and mycophenolate mofetil in renal transplant recipients. Budde, K; Cattaneo, D; de Winter, BC; Glander, P; Hilbrands, L; Mathot, RA; Neumann, I; Pescovitz, MD; Tedesco-Silva, H; van Gelder, T; van Hest, RM, 2008)	0.63
"The pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in liver transplant recipients may change because of pharmacokinetic interactions with coadministered immunosuppressants or because changes in the enterohepatic anatomy may affect biotransformation of MMF to mycophenolic acid (MPA) and enterohepatic recirculation of MPA through the hydrolysis of mycophenolate acid glucuronide to MPA in the gut."	( Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in combination with standard-dose or reduced-dose tacrolimus in liver transplant recipients. Barcéna, R; Bernardos, A; Bouw, R; Bowles, M; Durand, F; Herrero, JI; Ives, J; Klempnauer, J; Mamelok, R; Marotta, P; McKay, D; Mentha, G; Nashan, B; Neuhaus, P; Patch, D; Saliba, F; Truman, M, 2009)	0.53
" Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using NONMEM."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its 2 glucuronidated metabolites in kidney transplant recipients. Akhlaghi, F; Rosenbaum, SE; Sam, WJ, 2009)	0.64
"This longitudinal study assessed the influence of post-transplant clinical and therapeutic variables in 50 kidney transplant recipients aged 2-19 yr receiving a triple immunosuppressive regimen consisting of cyclosporine microemulsion (CsA), steroids and MMF (300-400 mg/m(2) body surface area twice daily), the full pharmacokinetic profile (10 points) of which was investigated on post-transplant days 6, 30, 180 and 360."	( Longitudinal evaluation of mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. The role of post-transplant clinical and therapeutic variables. Belingheri, M; Berardinelli, L; Cardillo, M; Dello Strologo, L; Edefonti, A; Ferraresso, M; Fontana, I; Ghio, L; Ginevri, F; Murer, L; Perfumo, F; Peruzzi, L; Tirelli, S; Valente, U; Zacchello, G; Zanon, F, )	0.43
"This study was conducted to evaluate time-dependent pharmacokinetic changes and drug interactions over the first 6 months after transplantation in kidney transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus (TAC), prednisone (PRED) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or sirolimus (SRL)."	( Tacrolimus pharmacokinetic drug interactions: effect of prednisone, mycophenolic acid or sirolimus. Casarini, DE; Felipe, CR; Fernandes, FB; Garcia, R; Medina-Pestana, JO; Park, SI; Pinheiro-Machado, PG; Tedesco-Silva, H, 2009)	0.59
" Patients receiving CSA had a significantly higher AcMPAG Cmax but not AcMPAG AUC, suggesting that only peak CSA concentrations on a low-dose CSA regimen are sufficient to impair the biliary excretion of AcMPAG."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide metabolites in stable adult liver transplant recipients with renal dysfunction on a low-dose calcineurin inhibitor regimen and mycophenolate mofetil. Armstrong, VW; Beckebaum, S; Cicinnati, VR; Gerken, G; Klein, CG; Oellerich, M; Paul, A; Streit, F, 2009)	0.68
" Mycophenolic acid area under the time concentration curve from 0 to 12 hours and apparent mycophenolic acid plasma clearance (CL/f) were measured for each patient."	( Influence of renal graft function on mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics during the early period after kidney transplant. Abtahi, B; Mohammadpur, AH; Naghibi, M; Nazemian, F, 2008)	1.53
"Mycophenolic acid area under the time-concentration curve (0-12 h), mycophenolic acid area under the time-concentration curve (6-10 h), first peak concentration (Cmax1), and secondary peak concentration (Cmax2) were higher in the impaired group, while mycophenolic acid plasma clearance was higher in the control group (P < ."	( Influence of renal graft function on mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics during the early period after kidney transplant. Abtahi, B; Mohammadpur, AH; Naghibi, M; Nazemian, F, 2008)	2.06
" The aim of this study was to assess the effect of 1g of MMF on T cell function, that is, intralymphocyte cytokine expression, T cell activation (CD25 and CD71), and T cell proliferation, as well as inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) activity, to better understand the relationship between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic markers in patients receiving the first dose of MMF before kidney transplantation."	( Pharmacodynamic evaluation of the first dose of mycophenolate mofetil before kidney transplantation. Böhler, T; Budde, K; Glander, P; Hambach, P; Kamar, N; Liefeldt, L; Neumayer, HH; Nolting, J; Rostaing, L, 2009)	0.35
" Thereafter, all pharmacodynamic markers, except IMPDH activity, returned back to baseline level."	( Pharmacodynamic evaluation of the first dose of mycophenolate mofetil before kidney transplantation. Böhler, T; Budde, K; Glander, P; Hambach, P; Kamar, N; Liefeldt, L; Neumayer, HH; Nolting, J; Rostaing, L, 2009)	0.35
"A 3-month pharmacokinetic substudy of the prospective, randomized, multicentre, open-label Symphony study was performed."	( The pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil in renal transplant recipients receiving standard-dose or low-dose cyclosporine, low-dose tacrolimus or low-dose sirolimus: the Symphony pharmacokinetic substudy. Brunet, M; Ekberg, H; Gentil, MA; Grinyó, JM; Hernandez, D; Kuypers, DR; Mamelok, RD; Oppenheimer, F; Sánchez-Plumed, J, 2009)	0.35
" Therefore, alternative pharmacokinetic (ie, MPA free fraction and metabolites) and pharmacodynamic approaches to better predict drug efficacy and toxicity are being explored."	( New insights into the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the calcineurin inhibitors and mycophenolic acid: possible consequences for therapeutic drug monitoring in solid organ transplantation. de Jonge, H; Kuypers, DR; Naesens, M, 2009)	0.57
"To investigate the correlation of pharmacokinetic profiles of mycophenolic acid (MPA) with clinic events in kidney transplant patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)."	( [Correlation of mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetic parameters with clinical events in kidney transplant patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil]. Lin, B; Lu, YP; Zhu, YC, 2009)	0.94
"MPA-C(0) may be an appropriate pharmacokinetic monitoring parameter for kidney transplant."	( [Correlation of mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetic parameters with clinical events in kidney transplant patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil]. Lin, B; Lu, YP; Zhu, YC, 2009)	0.7
"94) were applied to pharmacokinetic data obtained at 1 year."	( Early phase limited sampling strategy characterizing tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics adapted to the maintenance phase of renal transplant patients. Habuchi, T; Hayakari, M; Kagaya, H; Miura, M; Niioka, T; Saito, M; Satoh, S; Suzuki, T, 2009)	0.59
" This study aimed to (1) compare this new assay with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for MPA pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in different populations of allograft recipients given mycophenolate mofetil, (2) develop specific Bayesian estimators for this inhibition assay and test their accuracy, and (3) compare the resulting MPA area under the curve (AUC0-12h) estimates with those of Bayesian estimators developed based on the LC-MS/MS results."	( Performance of the new mycophenolate assay based on IMPDH enzymatic activity for pharmacokinetic investigations and setup of Bayesian estimators in different populations of allograft recipients. Debord, J; Domke, I; Jaqz-Aigrain, E; Knoop, C; Lebranchu, Y; Marquet, P; Prémaud, A; Saint-Marcoux, F; Sauvage, FL; Tiberi, M, 2009)	0.35
" The validated method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study of MPA after an oral administration of a single 1000 mg of MMF to eight healthy male volunteers and 750 mg bid of MMF to nine renal transplant patients."	( Determination of total, free and saliva mycophenolic acid with a LC-MS/MS method: application to pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers and renal transplant patients. Fan, Y; Hu, Q; Li, S; Liu, Z; Shen, B; Yu, C; Yuan, X; Zhang, Y, 2009)	0.62
" The large pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) variability and narrow therapeutic range of MPA provide a potential for therapeutic drug monitoring."	( Mycophenolate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in belatacept treated renal allograft recipients - a pilot study. Bergan, S; Bremer, S; Holdaas, H; Jørgensen, PF; Midtvedt, K; Rootwelt, H; Stenstrøm, J; Vethe, NT, 2009)	0.35
" However, information regarding the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active metabolite of MMF, administered in this regimen are very limited."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid administered 3 times daily after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with reduced-intensity regimen. Bérard, M; Deconinck, E; Gerritsen-van Schieveen, P; Kantelip, JP; Larosa, F; Legrand, F; Royer, B, 2009)	0.91
" This study aimed to develop an empirical population pharmacokinetic model to describe the relationships between renal function and albumin concentration and MPAG, MPA(u) and MPA(t), in order to provide insight into the mechanism by which renal function and plasma albumin affect the disposition of MPA."	( Pharmacokinetic modelling of the plasma protein binding of mycophenolic acid in renal transplant recipients. Mathot, RA; Shaw, LM; van Gelder, T; van Hest, RM; Vulto, AG, 2009)	0.6
"Time profiles of MPA(u) and MPAG(t) concentrations were adequately described by two 2-compartment pharmacokinetic models with a link between the central compartments, representing the glucuronidation of MPA(u) to form MPAG."	( Pharmacokinetic modelling of the plasma protein binding of mycophenolic acid in renal transplant recipients. Mathot, RA; Shaw, LM; van Gelder, T; van Hest, RM; Vulto, AG, 2009)	0.6
" Also a complete 12-hour pharmacokinetic profile was recorded for 15 transplant patients who had the polymorphism and for 15 controls who were randomly chosen since they received the same type and dosage of mycophenolate, same posttransplant time and similar renal function."	( The prevalence of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 (UGT1A9) gene promoter region single-nucleotide polymorphisms T-275A and C-2152T and its influence on mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in stable renal transplant patients. Arroyo, M; Barrientos, A; Calvo, N; De la Orden, V; Maestro, ML; Ortega, D; Pérez-Flores, I; Sánchez-Fructuoso, AI; Veganzone, S; Viudarreta, M, )	0.33
"There were no differences in dose (D) and body weight (BW)-adjusted pharmacokinetic parameters of tacrolimus among the three groups."	( No impact of age on dose-adjusted pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus, mycophenolic acid and prednisolone 1 month after renal transplantation. Habuchi, T; Inoue, T; Kagaya, H; Miura, M; Saito, M; Satoh, S; Suzuki, T; Tsuchiya, N, 2009)	0.59
"To perform a pilot pharmacokinetic study and to develop maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimators (MAP-BEs) for the estimation of MPA exposure in HCT."	( Pharmacokinetic modelling and development of Bayesian estimators for therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolate mofetil in reduced-intensity haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Debord, J; Deconinck, E; Kantelip, JP; Larosa, F; Legrand, F; Marquet, P; Royer, B; Saint-Marcoux, F, 2009)	0.35
" Two consecutive 8-hour pharmacokinetic profiles were performed on the same day, 3 days before and 4 days after the HCT."	( Pharmacokinetic modelling and development of Bayesian estimators for therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolate mofetil in reduced-intensity haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Debord, J; Deconinck, E; Kantelip, JP; Larosa, F; Legrand, F; Marquet, P; Royer, B; Saint-Marcoux, F, 2009)	0.35
" Although there has been an extensive pharmacokinetic (PK) experience with MMF administration following solid organ transplantation in children, there is a paucity of PK data following its use in pediatric AlloSCT recipients."	( An age-dependent pharmacokinetic study of intravenous and oral mycophenolate mofetil in combination with tacrolimus for GVHD prophylaxis in pediatric allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipients. Ayello, J; Baxter-Lowe, L; Bhatia, M; Bradley, MB; Cairo, MS; Figurski, M; Garvin, J; George, D; Jin, Z; Militano, O; Moore, V; Morris, E; Satwani, P; Shaw, L; Tallamy, B; van deVen, C, 2010)	0.36
" There was a wide variation in various pharmacokinetic parameters of MPA and its metabolites in patients who underwent LDLT and DDLT after oral MMF administration."	( Comparison of pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its metabolites between living donor liver transplant recipients and deceased donor liver transplant recipients. Chen, B; Chen, H; Deng, X; Mao, H; Shen, B; Shen, C; Zhan, X; Zhang, W, 2009)	0.63
" The aim of the study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model describing the relationship between MMF dose and total MPA (tMPA), unbound MPA (fMPA), total MPAG (tMPAG) and unbound MPAG (fMPAG)."	( Pharmacokinetic role of protein binding of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide metabolite in renal transplant recipients. de Winter, BC; Mathot, RA; Shaw, LM; Sombogaard, F; van Gelder, T; van Hest, RM, 2009)	0.62
"The pharmacokinetic properties of immunosuppressive drugs are quite different in newborns than in adults and few studies describe the pharmacokinetics of these drugs in pediatric heart transplant recipients."	( Two-year follow-up of the pharmacokinetics of immunosuppressive drugs in a neonate who underwent heart transplantation. Cabano, R; D'Armini, AM; Molinaro, MD; Pellegrini, C; Perotti, G; Regazzi, M; Stronati, M; Tzialla, C; Viganò, M, 2009)	0.35
"There are limited data as to the effectiveness of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) plus high-dose corticosteroids for the treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), and even less data regarding the pharmacokinetic disposition and exposure-response relationship of MMF in individuals with GVHD."	( Mycophenolate pharmacokinetics and association with response to acute graft-versus-host disease treatment from the Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network. Alousi, A; Bolaños-Meade, J; Grimley, M; Ho, V; Huang, J; Jacobson, PA; Kim, M; Levine, JE; Logan, B; Weisdorf, D; Wu, J, 2010)	0.36
" The pharmacokinetic samples were collected from 89 de novo pediatric renal-transplant patients treated with MMF and studied during the first 60 postoperative days."	( Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of mycophenolic acid following administration of mycophenolate mofetil in de novo pediatric renal-transplant patients. André, JL; Azougagh, S; Bensman, A; Brochard, K; Cloarec, S; Cochat, P; Deschênes, G; Fakhoury, M; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Niaudet, P; Roussey, G; Tsimaratos, M; Zhao, W, 2010)	0.61
" This pharmacokinetic study investigated whether an intensified dosing regimen of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) could achieve higher mycophenolic acid (MPA) exposure early after transplantation versus a standard dosing regimen."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intensified versus standard dosing of mycophenolate sodium in renal transplant patients. Ariatabar, T; Arns, W; Budde, K; Fischer, W; Glander, P; Kramer, S; Shipkova, M; Sommerer, C; Vogel, EM; Zeier, M, 2010)	0.56
" Full 12-hour pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles were taken at six time points during the first 3 months."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intensified versus standard dosing of mycophenolate sodium in renal transplant patients. Ariatabar, T; Arns, W; Budde, K; Fischer, W; Glander, P; Kramer, S; Shipkova, M; Sommerer, C; Vogel, EM; Zeier, M, 2010)	0.36
"These pharmacokinetic and safety data support further research on the hypothesis that early adequate MPA exposure could improve clinical outcome."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intensified versus standard dosing of mycophenolate sodium in renal transplant patients. Ariatabar, T; Arns, W; Budde, K; Fischer, W; Glander, P; Kramer, S; Shipkova, M; Sommerer, C; Vogel, EM; Zeier, M, 2010)	0.36
" Considering the effect of racial differences and genetic factors on the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of drugs, it is necessary to study them in Chinese populations."	( Bioequivalence and pharmacokinetic comparison of two mycophenolate mofetil formulations in healthy Chinese male volunteers: an open-label, randomized-sequence, single-dose, two-way crossover study. Tao, Y; Zhang, Q; Zhu, D; Zhu, Y, 2010)	0.36
" The mean dose-adjusted area under the concentration curve from 0 to 12 h (AUC(0-12)) and AUC(0-6) of MPA co-administered with telmisartan were significantly lower than that without ARB (98 vs."	( Effect of telmisartan, valsartan and candesartan on mycophenolate mofetil pharmacokinetics in Japanese renal transplant recipients. Habuchi, T; Inoue, T; Kagaya, H; Miura, M; Ohkubo, T; Saito, M; Satoh, S; Suzuki, T, 2009)	0.35
"Given the paucity of data on pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid (MPA) in islet transplant, the aim of this study was to characterize pharmacokinetic parameters of MPA and its 2 glucuronidated metabolites in stable islet transplant recipients."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronidated metabolites in stable islet transplant recipients. Al-Khatib, M; Ensom, MH; Partovi, N; Shapiro, RJ; Ting, LS, 2010)	0.94
"Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) monitoring strategies and clinical outcome were evaluated in enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS)-treated renal allograft recipients."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium: limited sampling strategies and clinical outcome in renal transplant patients. Budde, K; Glander, P; Mikus, G; Müller-Krebs, S; Schaier, M; Schwenger, V; Sommerer, C; Zeier, M, 2010)	0.36
"To develop a population pharmacokinetic model for mycophenolic acid (MPA) in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), identify covariates that explain variability and determine the Bayesian estimator of the area under the concentration-time curve over 12 h (AUC(0-12))."	( Population pharmacokinetics and Bayesian estimator of mycophenolic acid in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. André, JL; Baudouin, V; Bensman, A; Brochard, K; Broux, F; Cailliez, M; Elie, V; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Loirat, C; Zhao, W, 2010)	0.86
"The population pharmacokinetic model of MPA was developed in children with INS."	( Population pharmacokinetics and Bayesian estimator of mycophenolic acid in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. André, JL; Baudouin, V; Bensman, A; Brochard, K; Broux, F; Cailliez, M; Elie, V; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Loirat, C; Zhao, W, 2010)	0.61
"5 hours (C1/2) and 2 hours (C2), providing a total of 114 pharmacokinetic profiles at various periods from 3 days to 6 months posttransplantation (D3, D7, D14, M1, M3, and M6)."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in living donor liver transplantation. Choi, GS; Joh, JW; Jung, H; Kim, JM; Kim, SJ; Kwon, CH; Lee, SK; Lee, ST; Lee, SY; Moon, JI; Shin, M, 2010)	0.68
" Of 114 pharmacokinetic profiles, 40 (35%) AUC and 7 (6."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in living donor liver transplantation. Choi, GS; Joh, JW; Jung, H; Kim, JM; Kim, SJ; Kwon, CH; Lee, SK; Lee, ST; Lee, SY; Moon, JI; Shin, M, 2010)	0.68
" Here we tested whether pharmacokinetic monitoring may help to optimize dosing of MPA in an Asian population."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in severe lupus nephritis. Avihingsanon, Y; Kittanamongkolchai, W; Lertdumrongluk, P; Somparn, P; Traitanon, O; Vadcharavivad, S, 2010)	0.68
"The role of pharmacogenomics, clinical and demographic parameters in pharmacokinetic predictions was evaluated in patients receiving mycophenolic acid (MPA)."	( Effects of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 and 1A7 pharmacogenomics and patient clinical parameters on steady-state mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in glomerulonephritis. Boyette, T; Dooley, MA; Falk, RJ; Hogan, SL; Hu, Y; Joy, MS; La, M; Smith, PC; Stewart, PW; Wang, J, 2010)	0.77
" The study assessed the relative single and combined roles of genomic, clinical, and demographic characteristics on pharmacokinetic parameters using general linear models."	( Effects of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 and 1A7 pharmacogenomics and patient clinical parameters on steady-state mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in glomerulonephritis. Boyette, T; Dooley, MA; Falk, RJ; Hogan, SL; Hu, Y; Joy, MS; La, M; Smith, PC; Stewart, PW; Wang, J, 2010)	0.56
"Clinical and demographic parameters were 2-4 times more important in MPA disposition than genotypes and explained 30-40% of the pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Effects of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 and 1A7 pharmacogenomics and patient clinical parameters on steady-state mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in glomerulonephritis. Boyette, T; Dooley, MA; Falk, RJ; Hogan, SL; Hu, Y; Joy, MS; La, M; Smith, PC; Stewart, PW; Wang, J, 2010)	0.56
"The aim of this study is to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for total and free mycophenolic acid (MPA) in adult kidney transplant patients with chronic graft dysfunction to understand the contribution of potentially relevant covariates to the inter- and the intraindividual variability of MPA in these patients."	( Population pharmacokinetics analysis of mycophenolic acid in adult kidney transplant patients with chronic graft dysfunction. Berland, Y; Botta, C; Guillet, BA; Morange, S; Pisano, PS; Purgus, R; Simon, NS, 2010)	0.85
" The objective of the current study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for MPA and metabolites in glomerulonephritis to enable appropriate design of MPA regimens in these patients with alterations in kidney structure and function."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and metabolites in patients with glomerulonephritis. Joy, MS; Sam, WJ, 2010)	0.65
" NONMEM was employed to analyze MPA pharmacokinetic data."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in children and young people undergoing blood or marrow and solid organ transplantation. Blair, EY; Coakley, JC; Earl, JW; Hodson, E; McLachlan, AJ; Montgomery, K; Nath, CE; Shaw, PJ; Stephen, K; Stormon, M; Zeng, L, 2010)	0.65
"A two-compartment pharmacokinetic model with first-order elimination best described MPA concentration-time data."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in children and young people undergoing blood or marrow and solid organ transplantation. Blair, EY; Coakley, JC; Earl, JW; Hodson, E; McLachlan, AJ; Montgomery, K; Nath, CE; Shaw, PJ; Stephen, K; Stormon, M; Zeng, L, 2010)	0.65
"The population pharmacokinetic model for MPA can be used to explore dosing guidelines for safe and effective immunotherapy in children and young people undergoing transplantation."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in children and young people undergoing blood or marrow and solid organ transplantation. Blair, EY; Coakley, JC; Earl, JW; Hodson, E; McLachlan, AJ; Montgomery, K; Nath, CE; Shaw, PJ; Stephen, K; Stormon, M; Zeng, L, 2010)	0.65
" A two-compartment population pharmacokinetic model estimating oral clearance, between-patient variability in oral clearance, central volume of distribution, and residual variability in combination with historical estimates of first-order absorption rate constant, intercompartmental clearance, and peripheral volume of distribution adequately described the sparse MPA data."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of mycophenolic acid coadministered with either tasocitinib (CP-690,550) or tacrolimus in adult renal allograft recipients. Busque, S; Chan, G; Krishnaswami, S; Lamba, M; Melcher, M; Tafti, B, 2010)	0.63
" The present method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study following oral administration of enterocoated sodium mycophenolate in de novo renal transplantation."	( UPLC MS/MS method for quantification of mycophenolic acid and metabolites in human plasma: Application to pharmacokinetic study. Basset, T; Delavenne, X; Juthier, L; Mariat, C; Pons, B, 2011)	0.64
" At 3 days, there was a strong correlation between AUC0-24 and Cmin both for tacrolimus QD (r=."	( Pharmacokinetics of once- versus twice-daily tacrolimus formulations in kidney transplant patients receiving expanded criteria deceased donor organs: a single-center, randomized study. Burgos, D; Cabello, M; Díez de los Rios, MJ; García, P; García-Sáiz, M; González-Molina, M; Gutiérrez, C; Hernández, D; López, V; Sola, E, 2010)	0.36
" The aim of this study was to compare population pharmacokinetic modeling of MPA in pediatric renal transplant recipients given mycophenolate mofetil, the ester prodrug of MPA, using parametric and nonparametric population methods."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in pediatric renal transplant patients using parametric and nonparametric approaches. Armstrong, VW; Marquet, P; Oellerich, M; Prémaud, A; Rousseau, A; Tönshoff, B; Urien, S; Weber, LT, 2011)	0.66
" We calculated pharmacokinetic parameters of tacrolimus from blood concentrations in steady state at day 28."	( Influence of CYP3A5 and MDR1(ABCB1) polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in Chinese renal transplant recipients. Deng-Qing, L; Hong-Shan, Z; Jing, L; Rong, G; Shai-Hong, Z; Xin-Min, N, 2010)	0.36
"The pharmacokinetic study of EC-MPS was conducted in 11 de novo kidney transplant patients of Hispanic ethnicity."	( The pharmacokinetics of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium and its gastrointestinal side effects in de novo renal transplant recipients of Hispanic ethnicity. Hutchinson, I; Min, DI; Qazi, Y; Shah, T; Tellez-Corrales, E; Wang, J; Wilson, J; Yang, JW, 2011)	0.37
" The mean daily dose of EC-MPS at the time of the pharmacokinetic study was 1408 ± 108 mg."	( The pharmacokinetics of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium and its gastrointestinal side effects in de novo renal transplant recipients of Hispanic ethnicity. Hutchinson, I; Min, DI; Qazi, Y; Shah, T; Tellez-Corrales, E; Wang, J; Wilson, J; Yang, JW, 2011)	0.37
" The MPA exposure expressed by the AUC appears to be higher in Hispanic patients than those reported in other ethnic groups, which may be the result of various factors such as difference of the uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase enzyme genotypes, but gastrointestinal side effects were acceptable and the Cmax or AUC of MPAG showed correlations with gastrointestinal symptoms."	( The pharmacokinetics of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium and its gastrointestinal side effects in de novo renal transplant recipients of Hispanic ethnicity. Hutchinson, I; Min, DI; Qazi, Y; Shah, T; Tellez-Corrales, E; Wang, J; Wilson, J; Yang, JW, 2011)	0.37
" Pharmacokinetic characteristics of MMF and its relation to the degree of immune suppression have not been fully clarified in clinical practice."	( [Optimal immunosuppressive therapy based on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antimetabolites in clinical practice]. Naito, T, 2010)	0.36
" This need is largely based on MPA's significant between-subject and between-occasion (within-subject) pharmacokinetic variability."	( The evolution of population pharmacokinetic models to describe the enterohepatic recycling of mycophenolic acid in solid organ transplantation and autoimmune disease. Brunner, HI; Fukuda, T; Goebel, J; Sherwin, CM; Vinks, AA, 2011)	0.59
" Tacrolimus exposure was significantly increased by sotrastaurin in the initial weeks posttransplant by a pharmacokinetic interaction."	( Pharmacokinetics of sotrastaurin combined with tacrolimus or mycophenolic acid in de novo kidney transplant recipients. Arns, W; Budde, K; Dantal, J; Grinyo, JM; Kovarik, JM; Proot, P; Rostaing, L; Steiger, JU, 2011)	0.61
" If a single time point is to be used as a surrogate for an AUC 0-12, trough concentration of MPA may be the most practical but, from a pharmacokinetic standpoint, is not the most informative time point to choose."	( Mycophenolate, clinical pharmacokinetics, formulations, and methods for assessing drug exposure. Brunet, M; Cattaneo, D; Kuypers, DR; Marquet, P; Miura, M; Saint-Marcoux, F; Staatz, CE; Tett, SE; van Gelder, T; Vinks, AA, 2011)	0.37
"This review aims to provide an extensive overview of the literature on the clinical pharmacokinetics of MMF in pemphigus treatment and a brief summary of current pharmacodynamic information."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of mycophenolate mofetil for pemphigus. Aricò, M; Bongiorno, MR; Doukaki, S; Pistone, G, 2011)	0.37
" MMF demonstrates complex pharmacokinetics and displays large between-subject pharmacokinetic variability."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of mycophenolate mofetil for pemphigus. Aricò, M; Bongiorno, MR; Doukaki, S; Pistone, G, 2011)	0.37
" A 12-hour steady-state pharmacokinetic study was conducted."	( Mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics during maintenance immunosuppression in African American and Caucasian renal transplant recipients. Attwood, K; Danison, RT; DiFrancesco, R; Dole, K; Forrest, A; Gundroo, AC; Leca, N; Sudchada, P; Tornatore, KM; Venuto, RC; Wilding, GE; Zack, J, 2011)	1.81
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were measured on Days 3 and 10 and Months 1, 3, 6, and 12 after transplantation."	( Polymorphisms in CYP3A5, CYP3A4, and ABCB1 are not associated with cyclosporine pharmacokinetics nor with cyclosporine clinical end points after renal transplantation. Bouamar, R; de Fijter, JW; Hesselink, DA; Macphee, IA; van Gelder, T; van Schaik, RH; Weimar, W, 2011)	0.37
" Pharmacokinetic sampling was done before MPA administration and up to 12 h post-dose at Day 7, 1 month and 3 months post-transplant."	( Influence of MRP2 on MPA pharmacokinetics in renal transplant recipients-results of the Pharmacogenomic Substudy within the Symphony Study. Andreu, F; Brunet, M; Cruzado, JM; Ekberg, H; Gentil, MÁ; Grinyó, JM; Lloberas, N; Oppenheimer, F; Sánchez-Plumed, J; Torras, J, 2011)	0.37
" The method was successfully employed for pharmacokinetic studies in plasma and bile after oral administration of mycophenolate mofetil (prodrug of MPA) in rats."	( Simultaneous determination of mycophenolic acid and its metabolites by HPLC and pharmacokinetic studies in rat plasma and bile. Gao, JW; Guo, YK; Li, XY; Liu, GL; Peng, ZH; Sun, B, 2011)	0.66
" MPA pharmacokinetic parameters were correlated with blood CsA area under the curve (AUC0-12) and graft function as measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR)."	( Renal graft function and low-dose cyclosporine affect mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in kidney transplantation. Cortinovis, M; Gaspari, F; Gotti, E; Perico, N; Pradini, S, 2011)	0.62
" Although its pharmacokinetic properties are well defined, its side effects on mucociliary clearance have not yet been studied."	( Effects of mycophenolate sodium on mucociliary clearance using a bronchial section and anastomosis rodent model. Correia, AT; Jatene, FB; Pazetti, R; Pego-Fernandes, PM; Silva, VF; Siqueira, MM; Soto, Sde F, 2011)	0.37
" Nonlinear mixed-effects modelling was used to develop a population pharmacokinetic model."	( Bayesian estimation of mycophenolate mofetil in lung transplantation, using a population pharmacokinetic model developed in kidney and lung transplant recipients. de Winter, BC; Dromer, C; Estenne, M; Guillemain, R; Kessler, R; Knoop, C; Marquet, P; Monchaud, C; Pison, C; Prémaud, A; Reynaud-Gaubert, M; Rousseau, A; Stern, M, 2012)	0.38
" A pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction between Os and immunosuppressive drugs might adversely affect the efficacy and/or toxicity of the latter agents."	( Oseltamivir, an influenza neuraminidase inhibitor drug, does not affect the steady-state pharmacokinetic characteristics of cyclosporine, mycophenolate, or tacrolimus in adult renal transplant patients. Aoki, FY; Jeffery, J; Lam, H; Sitar, DS, 2011)	0.37
" The impact of clinical covariates on unbound MPA exposure was investigated with a population pharmacokinetic approach."	( Population pharmacokinetics of unbound mycophenolic acid in pediatric and young adult patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Brundage, R; Jacobson, P; Kim, H; Long-Boyle, J; Orchard, PJ; Rydholm, N; Smith, AR; Tolar, J, 2012)	0.65
" Dose-response data and pharmacokinetic data were used to calculate effective and safe clinical doses of paquinimod."	( Pharmacokinetics, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of paquinimod (ABR-215757), a new quinoline-3-carboxamide derivative: studies in lupus-prone mice and a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, repeat-dose, dose-ranging study in Axelsson, B; Bengtsson, AA; Leanderson, T; Lood, C; Ohman, MW; Rönnblom, L; Sparre, B; Sturfelt, G; Tuvesson, H; van Vollenhoven, RF, 2012)	0.38
" In patients with SLE, the pharmacokinetic properties of paquinimod were linear and well suitable for once-daily oral treatment."	( Pharmacokinetics, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of paquinimod (ABR-215757), a new quinoline-3-carboxamide derivative: studies in lupus-prone mice and a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, repeat-dose, dose-ranging study in Axelsson, B; Bengtsson, AA; Leanderson, T; Lood, C; Ohman, MW; Rönnblom, L; Sparre, B; Sturfelt, G; Tuvesson, H; van Vollenhoven, RF, 2012)	0.38
" Pharmacokinetic profiles of MPA and TAC were obtained from 65 stable adult renal allograft recipients on a single occasion (ie, day 15 after transplantation)."	( A simultaneous d-optimal designed study for population pharmacokinetic analyses of mycophenolic Acid and tacrolimus early after renal transplantation. Capron, A; Delaruelle, F; Delattre, IK; Demeyer, M; Haufroid, V; Mourad, M; Musuamba, FT; Verbeeck, RK; Wallemacq, P, 2012)	0.6
" Previous studies have shown the potential of measuring pharmacodynamic drug effects for TDM, but assessment of biomarkers for individual drugs is still not clinical routine."	( Assay validation of phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein for a pharmacodynamic monitoring of mTOR-inhibitors in peripheral human blood. Barten, MJ; Bittner, HB; Dhein, S; Dieterlen, MT; Klein, S; Mittag, A; Mohr, FW; Tárnok, A; von Salisch, S, 2012)	0.38
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were then analyzed by conventional noncompartmental modeling."	( Pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil in renal transplant recipients on a corticosteroid-free regimen. Al-Khatib, M; Ensom, MH; Greanya, ED; Partovi, N; Poulin, E; Shapiro, RJ, 2012)	0.38
" pharmacokinetic parameters for tacrolimus, normalized to a dose of 1 mg, were as follows: area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), 52."	( Pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil in renal transplant recipients on a corticosteroid-free regimen. Al-Khatib, M; Ensom, MH; Greanya, ED; Partovi, N; Poulin, E; Shapiro, RJ, 2012)	0.38
"The aims were to estimate the mycophenolic acid (MPA) population pharmacokinetic parameters in paediatric liver transplant recipients, to identify the factors affecting MPA pharmacokinetics and to develop a limited sampling strategy to estimate individual MPA AUC(0,12 h)."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and dose optimization with limited sampling strategy in liver transplant children. Barau, C; Barrail-Tran, A; Debray, D; Furlan, V; Taburet, AM, 2012)	0.95
" The population parameters were estimated from a model-building set of 16 intensive pharmacokinetic datasets obtained from 16 children."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and dose optimization with limited sampling strategy in liver transplant children. Barau, C; Barrail-Tran, A; Debray, D; Furlan, V; Taburet, AM, 2012)	0.66
" To estimate individual AUC(0,12 h), the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained with the final model, including covariates, were coded in Adapt II(®) software, using the Bayesian approach."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and dose optimization with limited sampling strategy in liver transplant children. Barau, C; Barrail-Tran, A; Debray, D; Furlan, V; Taburet, AM, 2012)	0.66
"This study allowed the estimation of the population pharmacokinetic MPA parameters."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and dose optimization with limited sampling strategy in liver transplant children. Barau, C; Barrail-Tran, A; Debray, D; Furlan, V; Taburet, AM, 2012)	0.66
" A nine-point pharmacokinetic profile was performed."	( Pre-transplant mycophenolate mofetil pharmacokinetics in Mexican children. Castañeda-Hernández, G; García-Roca, P; González, R; Hernández, AM; Medeiros, M; Ortiz, L; Villa, M, 2011)	0.37
" This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for MPA and determine the population pharmacokinetic parameters and their interindividual variability in Thai patients with lupus nephritis."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil in Thai lupus nephritis patients. Avihingsanon, Y; Kittanamongkolchai, W; Lertdumrongluk, P; Punyawudho, B; Somparn, P; Traitanon, O; Vadcharavivad, S, 2012)	0.38
"In this study, a population pharmacokinetic model of MPA in severe lupus nephritis patients was successfully developed."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil in Thai lupus nephritis patients. Avihingsanon, Y; Kittanamongkolchai, W; Lertdumrongluk, P; Punyawudho, B; Somparn, P; Traitanon, O; Vadcharavivad, S, 2012)	0.38
" This study aimed to determine if a pharmacodynamic relationship exists between BK viral load reduction and leflunomide metabolite, A77 1726, serum concentrations."	( Leflunomide efficacy and pharmacodynamics for the treatment of BK viral infection. Baliga, P; Bratton, C; Chavin, K; Krisl, JC; McGillicuddy, J; Pilch, N; Taber, DJ; Thomas, B, 2012)	0.38
"Mycophenolate mofetil is a commonly used immunosuppressant in heart transplantation but pharmacokinetic monitoring is not routinely done."	( Pharmacokinetic monitoring of mycophenolic acid in heart transplant patients: correlation the side-effects and rejections with pharmacokinetic parameters. Chojnowski, D; DeNofrio, D; Figurski, MJ; Goldberg, LR; Lake, KD; Nawrocki, A; Pawiński, T; Shaw, LM; Taylor, DO, )	0.42
"A population-based pharmacokinetic (PK) model of unbound MPA was developed using non-linear mixed-effects modelling (nonmem)."	( Population pharmacokinetics of unbound mycophenolic acid in adult allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation: effect of pharmacogenetic factors. Frymoyer, A; Jacobson, P; Long-Boyle, J; Verotta, D, 2013)	0.66
" Here, the combined contribution of these genetic variants to MPA pharmacokinetic variability was investigated in pediatric renal transplant recipients who were on mycophenolic mofetil maintenance therapy."	( UGT1A9, UGT2B7, and MRP2 genotypes can predict mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetic variability in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Cox, S; Ellis, EN; Fukuda, T; Goebel, J; James, LP; Maseck, D; Sherbotie, JR; Vinks, AA; Ward, RM; Zhang, K, 2012)	0.64
"To determine the mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetic profile early after transplant in Iranian kidney graft recipients."	( Mycophenolic Acid pharmacokinetics early after kidney transplant. Gholami, K; Honarbakhsh, N; Javadi, MR; Karimzadeh, I; Lesan-Pezeshki, M; Mohebbi, N; Rouini, MR, 2013)	2.17
" This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) and area under the curve (AUC) from 0 to 12 hours with limited sampling strategies (LSSs) in Chinese renal transplant recipients."	( Pharmacokinetics of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in Chinese renal transplantation recipients. Gong, LL; Hu, XP; Li, XB; Liu, LH; Luo, W; Qiu, K; Tian, H; Wang, W; Yin, H; Zhang, XD, 2012)	0.38
" In this paper, a joined in vitro/in silico-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approach is presented to predict active drug exposure in human after oral prodrug administration."	( Predicting human exposure of active drug after oral prodrug administration, using a joined in vitro/in silico-in vivo extrapolation and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling approach. Malmborg, J; Ploeger, BA, )	0.13
"Physico-chemical and in vitro assays as well as in silico predictions were proposed to characterize key pharmacokinetic properties (e."	( Predicting human exposure of active drug after oral prodrug administration, using a joined in vitro/in silico-in vivo extrapolation and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling approach. Malmborg, J; Ploeger, BA, )	0.13
"We sought to create a population pharmacokinetic model for total mycophenolic acid (MPA), to study the effects of different covariates on MPA pharmacokinetics, to create a limited sampling schedule (LSS) to characterize MPA exposure (i."	( Population pharmacokinetics and dose optimization of mycophenolic acid in HCT recipients receiving oral mycophenolate mofetil. Bemer, MJ; Li, H; Mager, DE; Maloney, DG; McCune, JS; Sandmaier, BM, 2013)	0.88
" This review aims to provide an overview of the published literature on the clinical pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate in autoimmune disease and a briefer summary of current pharmacodynamic knowledge, and to identify areas of potential future research in this field."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mycophenolate in patients with autoimmune disease. Abd Rahman, AN; Staatz, CE; Tett, SE, 2013)	0.39
"We aimed to develop an accurate and convenient LSS for predicting MPA-AUC(0-12 hours) in Tunisian adult kidney transplant recipients whose immunosuppressive regimen consisted of MMF and tacrolimus combination with regards to the post-transplant period and the pharmacokinetic profile."	( Limited sampling strategy of mycophenolic acid in adult kidney transplant recipients: influence of the post-transplant period and the pharmacokinetic profile. Aouam, K; Ben Fredj, N; Boughattas, N; Chaabane, A; Chadly, Z; El May, M; Hammouda, M; Skhiri, H, 2013)	0.68
"Cyclosporine exhibits pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability in renal transplant recipients (RTR) attributed to P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ABCB1 efflux transporter that influences bioavailability and intracellular distribution."	( Sex differences in cyclosporine pharmacokinetics and ABCB1 gene expression in mononuclear blood cells in African American and Caucasian renal transplant recipients. Brazeau, D; Danison, R; DiFrancesco, R; Dole, K; Gillis, K; Gundroo, A; Leca, N; Tornatore, KM; Venuto, RC; Wilding, G; Zack, J, 2013)	0.39
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) and tacrolimus play important roles in immunosuppressive therapy after solid organ transplantation (Tx) and show large intra- and interindividual pharmacokinetic (PK) variabilities."	( Tacrolimus exposure and mycophenolate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics early after liver transplantation. Bergan, S; Bremer, S; Line, PD; Meltevik, TJ; Sæves, I; Tveit, RG; Vethe, NT, 2014)	1.85
"This study describes PK and pharmacodynamic parameters of MPA and the PKs of tacrolimus in 16 liver transplant recipients, in 4 follow-up periods (I-IV)."	( Tacrolimus exposure and mycophenolate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics early after liver transplantation. Bergan, S; Bremer, S; Line, PD; Meltevik, TJ; Sæves, I; Tveit, RG; Vethe, NT, 2014)	0.4
"Data from routine therapeutic drug monitoring of 105 adult kidney transplant recipients were used for population pharmacokinetic analysis which was performed using a non-linear mixed-effects modeling."	( Total plasma protein effect on tacrolimus elimination in kidney transplant patients--population pharmacokinetic approach. Golubović, B; Kovačević, SV; Miljković, B; Prostran, M; Radivojević, D; Vučićević, K, 2014)	0.4
" Complete pharmacokinetic profiles from 56 patients (five occasions) were analyzed."	( Pharmacokinetic modeling of enterohepatic circulation of mycophenolic acid in renal transplant recipients. Andreu, F; Brunet, M; Caldés, A; Colom, H; Ekberg, H; Gentil, MA; Grinyó, JM; Kuypers, DR; Lloberas, N; Oppenheimer, F; Sanchez-Plumed, J; Torras, J, 2014)	0.65
" Tmax of MPA remained similar whatever the circadian time of injection mean Tmax=30 min)."	( Circadian variation of mycophenolate mofetil pharmacokinetics in rats. Aouam, K; Ben-Attia, M; Ben-Cherif, W; Boughattas, NA; Dridi, I; Klouz, A; Reinberg, A, 2014)	0.4
"This was a retrospective study including 36 children with SLE, extracted from the expert system ISBA, for whom full- pharmacokinetic profiles of MPA were collected together with clinical data."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil in children with lupus and clinical findings in favour of therapeutic drug monitoring. Bader-Meunier, B; Berard, E; Decramer, S; Dunand, O; Fischbach, M; Guigonis, V; Harambat, J; Marquet, P; Ranchin, B; Saint-Marcoux, F; Salomon, R; Tenenbaum, J; Woillard, JB, 2014)	0.4
"A pharmacokinetic model and a BE were developed that allowed good AUC estimation performance (bias ± SD = -0."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil in children with lupus and clinical findings in favour of therapeutic drug monitoring. Bader-Meunier, B; Berard, E; Decramer, S; Dunand, O; Fischbach, M; Guigonis, V; Harambat, J; Marquet, P; Ranchin, B; Saint-Marcoux, F; Salomon, R; Tenenbaum, J; Woillard, JB, 2014)	0.4
"The developed pharmacokinetic BE could be used to test prospectively the interest of MPA monitoring for limiting relapse of the disease or its progression."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil in children with lupus and clinical findings in favour of therapeutic drug monitoring. Bader-Meunier, B; Berard, E; Decramer, S; Dunand, O; Fischbach, M; Guigonis, V; Harambat, J; Marquet, P; Ranchin, B; Saint-Marcoux, F; Salomon, R; Tenenbaum, J; Woillard, JB, 2014)	0.4
"The purpose of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model for mycophenolic acid (MPA) in paediatric renal transplant recipients in the early post-transplant period."	( Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of mycophenolic acid in paediatric renal transplant recipients in the early post-transplant period. Cox, S; de Vries, MT; Dong, M; Fukuda, T; Goebel, J; Hooper, DK; Vinks, AA, 2014)	0.86
" This study examines the pharmacokinetic and clinical correlations in proliferative lupus nephritis."	( Pharmacokinetics of concentration-controlled mycophenolate mofetil in proliferative lupus nephritis: an observational cohort study. Alexander, S; Fleming, DH; Jacob, CK; Jeyaseelan, V; John, GT; Mathew, BS; Tamilarasi, V; Varughese, S, 2014)	0.4
" The aims of this study were to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model and to evaluate the influence of genetic and clinical factors on the PK of mycophenolic acid (MPA) in Korean renal transplant recipients."	( Population pharmacogenetic pharmacokinetic modeling for flip-flop phenomenon of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in kidney transplant recipients. Han, N; Kim, IW; Kim, YS; Oh, JM; Oh, YJ; Yun, HY, 2014)	0.6
"Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an effective immunosuppressive agent that has been frequently used in laboratory animals including swine; however, the pharmacokinetic properties of MMF in swine have not been studied."	( Short-term pharmacokinetic study of mycophenolate mofetil in neonatal swine. Buff, S; Dubernard, JM; Fourier, A; Gagnieu, MC; Gazarian, A; Leveneur, O; Michallet, M; Michallet, MC; Pan, H; Roger, T; Sobh, M, 2014)	0.4
" The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between plasma or PBMC MPA levels, as pharmacokinetic (PK) markers, and the intracellular IMPDH enzyme activity, as a pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarker, in kidney transplantation."	( Plasma and intracellular pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis of mycophenolic acid in de novo kidney transplant patients. Capron, A; Mourad, M; Thi, MT; Tshinanu, FM; Vincent, MF; Wallemacq, P, 2015)	0.65
" Therefore, we analyzed the relationship between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of the CNIs CsA (n = 9) and Tac (n = 8) in stable renal transplant patients during a 12-h dosing period."	( Relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of calcineurin inhibitors in renal transplant patients. Albring, A; Engler, H; Harz, N; Kribben, A; Lindemann, M; Schedlowski, M; Wendt, L; Wilde, B; Witzke, O, 2015)	0.42
" Some fMPA and all MPAG pharmacokinetic parameters correlated negatively with creatinine clearance and positively with creatinine concentration, whereas no such correlation was observed for MPA."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate sodium co-administered with tacrolimus in the first year after renal transplantation. Chrzanowska, M; Głyda, M; Resztak, M; Sobiak, J; Szczepaniak, P, 2016)	0.43
"The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for clearance of mycophenolic acid (MPA) in adult renal transplant recipients, to quantify the PK parameters and the influence of covariates on the MPA pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Variability of mycophenolic acid elimination in the renal transplant recipients – population pharmacokinetic approach. Catić-Đorđević, AK; Cvetković, TP; Džodić, PLj; Janković, SM; Milovanović, JR; Šmelcerović, AA; Spasić, AA; Stefanović, NZ; Veličković-Radovanović, RM, 2015)	0.99
"The aim of the study was to estimate target values of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) pharmacokinetic parameters in children with proteinuric glomerulopathies by calculating the pharmacokinetic parameters of MMF metabolites (mycophenolic acid [MPA], free MPA [fMPA] and MPA glucuronide [MPAG]) and assessing their relation to proteinuria recurrence."	( Monitoring of mycophenolate mofetil metabolites in children with nephrotic syndrome and the proposed novel target values of pharmacokinetic parameters. Chrzanowska, M; Gąsiorowska, K; Ostalska-Nowicka, D; Piechanowska, W; Resztak, M; Sobiak, J; Zachwieja, J, 2015)	0.6
" However, 1 suffers from suboptimal drug disposition properties resulting in a short half-life (t(1/2)), low exposure (AUC), and low bioavailability (F)."	( Synthesis and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Siderophore Biosynthesis Inhibitors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Aldrich, CC; Barry, CE; Boshoff, HI; Dawadi, S; Duckworth, BP; Nelson, KM; Viswanathan, K, 2015)	0.42
"(1) to develop pharmacokinetic tools to optimize MPA inter-dose AUC estimation in heart transplant patients; and (2) to investigate the relationships between acute allograft rejection and MPA AUC, trough level (C0) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) dose."	( Mycophenolic mofetil optimized pharmacokinetic modelling, and exposure-effect associations in adult heart transplant recipients. Marquet, P; Monchaud, C; Pouche, L; Saint-Marcoux, F; Woillard, JB; Youdarène, R, 2015)	0.42
" Nevertheless, exposures produced by the initial EVR dose, the steady state pharmacokinetic and long-term safety and tolerability have not been explored in detail."	( Pharmacokinetics and Long-Term Safety and Tolerability of Everolimus in Renal Transplant Recipients Converted From Cyclosporine. de Paula, MI; Felipe, CR; Hannun, PG; Medina-Pestana, JO; Oliveira, NI; Tedesco-Silva, H, 2016)	0.43
" Weekly monitoring of EVR blood concentrations was followed by a full 12 hour pharmacokinetic profile 28 days after conversion."	( Pharmacokinetics and Long-Term Safety and Tolerability of Everolimus in Renal Transplant Recipients Converted From Cyclosporine. de Paula, MI; Felipe, CR; Hannun, PG; Medina-Pestana, JO; Oliveira, NI; Tedesco-Silva, H, 2016)	0.43
" Future pharmacokinetic/dynamic research of postgraft immunosuppressants should include '-omics'-based tools: pharmacogenomics may be used to gain an improved understanding of the covariates influencing pharmacokinetics as well as proteomics and metabolomics as novel methods to elucidate pharmacodynamic responses."	( Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacogenomics of Immunosuppressants in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Part II. Bemer, MJ; Long-Boyle, J; McCune, JS, 2016)	0.43
" Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters simultaneously obtained by the nonlinear mixed effects modeling program NONMEM explained reasonably well the concentrations of MPA and MPA glucuronide as well as IMPDH activity in both rats."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mycophenolic acid in Nagase analbuminemic rats: Evaluation of protein binding effects using the modeling and simulation approach. Kawanishi, M; Matsubara, K; Nakagawa, S; Yano, I; Yonezawa, A; Yoshimura, K, 2015)	0.68
" These drugs have narrow therapeutic index and show high pharmacokinetic variability."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Approach of Immunosuppressive Therapy in Kidney Transplant Patients. Golubovic, B; Grabnar, I; Miljkovic, B; Prostran, M; Radivojevic, D; Vucicevic, K, 2016)	0.43
" Because pharmacokinetic analyses of MPA treatments in stable CNI-free renal transplant recipients are lacking, the authors aimed at comparing the steady-state pharmacokinetic characteristics of MPA in patients on stable treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) plus prednisone (≤5 mg/d)."	( Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Mycophenolate Mofetil and Enteric-Coated Mycophenolate Sodium in Calcineurin Inhibitor-Free Renal Transplant Recipients. Brandhorst, G; Gossmann, J; Graff, J; Oellerich, M; Scheuermann, EH, 2016)	0.43
" Consistent with enteric coating, the mean Tmax was significantly longer after the intake of EC-MPS compared with MMF (2."	( Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Mycophenolate Mofetil and Enteric-Coated Mycophenolate Sodium in Calcineurin Inhibitor-Free Renal Transplant Recipients. Brandhorst, G; Gossmann, J; Graff, J; Oellerich, M; Scheuermann, EH, 2016)	0.43
" Pharmacokinetic parameters measured in this study under real-life conditions were comparable in patients receiving MMF or EC-MPS."	( Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Mycophenolate Mofetil and Enteric-Coated Mycophenolate Sodium in Calcineurin Inhibitor-Free Renal Transplant Recipients. Brandhorst, G; Gossmann, J; Graff, J; Oellerich, M; Scheuermann, EH, 2016)	0.43
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic variations of mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), in both pediatric and adult patients following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)."	( Pharmacokinetic Variability of Mycophenolic Acid in Pediatric and Adult Patients With Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Chow, DS; Renbarger, JL; Zhang, D, 2016)	0.95
" Although significant pharmacokinetic changes in total MPA and MPAG levels were not observed in HL rats, there was a marked increase in free MPA and MPAG levels."	( Effects of poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemia on hepatic multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2/Abcc2) and the pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in rats. Baek, YJ; Cho, YY; Kang, HE; Kim, YC; Kwon, MH; Yoon, JN, 2016)	0.64
"This report summarizes phase 1 studies that evaluated pharmacokinetic interactions between the novel triazole antifungal agent isavuconazole and the immunosuppressants cyclosporine, mycophenolic acid, prednisolone, sirolimus, and tacrolimus in healthy adults."	( Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Drug-Drug Interactions of Isavuconazole With the Immunosuppressants Cyclosporine, Mycophenolic Acid, Prednisolone, Sirolimus, and Tacrolimus in Healthy Adults. Akhtar, S; Desai, A; Groll, AH; Han, D; Howieson, C; Kato, K; Kowalski, D; Lademacher, C; Lewis, W; Mandarino, D; Pearlman, H; Townsend, R; Yamazaki, T, 2017)	0.86
" The pharmacokinetics of MPA are altered in HSCT patients with lower oral bioavailability, shorter half-life and higher clearance than those in healthy volunteers and renal transplant recipients."	( Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Mycophenolic Acid in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients. Chow, DS; Zhang, D, 2017)	0.75
"The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of cyclosporine (CsA) on the pharmacokinetic parameters of mycophenolic acid (MPA), an active mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) metabolite, and to compare with the effect of everolimus (EVR)."	( Influence of cyclosporine and everolimus on the main mycophenolate mofetil pharmacokinetic parameters: Cross-sectional study. Kaduševičius, E; Marquet, P; Noreikaitė, A; Saint-Marcoux, F; Stankevičius, E, 2017)	0.66
" Conventional pharmacokinetic methods for immunosuppressive drug monitoring are not cell type-specific."	( Pharmacodynamic Monitoring of Tacrolimus-Based Immunosuppression in CD14+ Monocytes After Kidney Transplantation. Baan, CC; de Graav, GN; Dieterich, M; Hesselink, DA; Kannegieter, NM; Kraaijeveld, R; Leenen, PJM; Rowshani, AT, 2017)	0.46
" This inhibition can be determined by phospho-specific flow cytometry, which enables the assessment of the pharmacodynamic effects of immunosuppressive drugs in a cell type-specific manner."	( Pharmacodynamic Monitoring of Tacrolimus-Based Immunosuppression in CD14+ Monocytes After Kidney Transplantation. Baan, CC; de Graav, GN; Dieterich, M; Hesselink, DA; Kannegieter, NM; Kraaijeveld, R; Leenen, PJM; Rowshani, AT, 2017)	0.46
" Since then, several population pharmacokinetic studies on MPA have been published."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Mycophenolic Acid: An Update. Ensom, MHH; Kiang, TKL, 2018)	0.77
" Pharmacokinetic information is not available for cats."	( Pharmacokinetics of Mycophenolic Acid after Intravenous Administration of Mycophenolate Mofetil to Healthy Cats. Court, MH; Hwang, JK; Rivera, SM; Slovak, JE; Villarino, NF, 2017)	0.78
" The aim of the present study was to assess the safety and pharmacokinetic interactions between EBR and GZR and single doses of cyclosporine, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and prednisone."	( Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Elbasvir/Grazoprevir and Immunosuppressant Drugs in Healthy Volunteers. Butterton, JR; Caro, L; Fandozzi, CM; Feng, HP; Guo, Z; Iwamoto, M; Panebianco, D; Talaty, J; Wolford, D; Yeh, WW, 2018)	0.48
" In this study, relationships between pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic markers of MPA and successful aGVHD prevention and neutrophil engraftment were evaluated to inform individualized MPA treatments in HSCT patients."	( Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Markers of Mycophenolic Acid Associated with Effective Prophylaxis for Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Neutrophil Engraftment in Cord Blood Transplant Patients. Isomoto, Y; Kawanishi, M; Kondo, T; Matsubara, K; Takaori-Kondo, A; Yamamoto, T; Yano, I; Yonezawa, A; Yoshimura, K, 2018)	0.74
" Limited sampling strategies (LSSs) were developed to estimate the area under the concentration curve from 0 to 12 hours (AUC0-12h) of total and free MPA."	( Pharmacokinetics Evaluation of Mycophenolic Acid and Its Glucuronide Metabolite in Chinese Renal Transplant Recipients Receiving Enteric-Coated Mycophenolate Sodium and Tacrolimus. Ji, L; Jiao, Z; Liu, FY; Qiu, XY; Xu, LY; Zhang, M, 2018)	0.77
"The pharmacokinetic profile of total and free MPA and its main metabolite MPAG was examined in Chinese adult renal transplant patients receiving EC-MPS."	( Pharmacokinetics Evaluation of Mycophenolic Acid and Its Glucuronide Metabolite in Chinese Renal Transplant Recipients Receiving Enteric-Coated Mycophenolate Sodium and Tacrolimus. Ji, L; Jiao, Z; Liu, FY; Qiu, XY; Xu, LY; Zhang, M, 2018)	0.77
"The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) capsule and MMF dispersible tablet by detecting the active metabolite of mycophenolic acid (MPA) in Chinese kidney transplant recipients."	( Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Two Mycophenolate Mofetil Formulations in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Feng, G; Luo, Y; Sun, Z; Zhang, J; Zhang, X; Zhu, Z, 2018)	0.67
" Parameters including predose concentration (C0), postdose minimum and maximum concentration (Cmin and Cmax), time to Cmax (Tmax), total body clearance (CL), and area under the concentration-time curve for the 12-hour exposure (AUC0-12h) were determined."	( Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Two Mycophenolate Mofetil Formulations in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Feng, G; Luo, Y; Sun, Z; Zhang, J; Zhang, X; Zhu, Z, 2018)	0.48
" Thus, IMPDH activity can serve as a potential pharmacodynamic biomarker to optimize dosing of MPA."	( Optimization and application of an HPLC method for quantification of inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase activity as a pharmacodynamic biomarker of mycophenolic acid in Chinese renal transplant patients. Jiao, Z; Liu, F; Qiu, X; Sheng, C; Xu, L; Zhang, M, 2018)	0.68
"There are differences in pharmacokinetic of mycophenolic acid among individuals."	( Influence of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (1A9) polymorphisms on mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in patients with renal transplant. Aydin, F; Ciftci, HS; Demir, E; Karadeniz, MS; Nane, I; Oguz, FS; Tefik, T; Turkmen, A, 2018)	0.97
" The objective of this study was to assess whether there were differences in MPA pharmacokinetic parameter values between elderly recipients and younger-adult recipients during the 6 months immediately following renal transplantation."	( Longitudinal Pharmacokinetics of Mycophenolic Acid in Elderly Renal Transplant Recipients Compared to a Younger Control Group: Data from the nEverOld Trial. Agena, F; Brambate Carvalhinho Lemos, F; Coelho Duarte, NJ; David-Neto, E; de Almeida Rezende Ebner, P; Dos Santos Garcia, M; Kamada Triboni, AH; Massakazu Sumita, N; Ramos, F; Romano, P; Zocoler Galante, N, 2019)	0.8
" The primary objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a population pharmacokinetic model characterizing immediate-release oral tacrolimus co-administered with mycophenolate mofetil (a pro-drug of mycophenolic acid) in adult kidney transplant recipients on corticosteroid-free regimens."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Immediate-Release Oral Tacrolimus Co-administered with Mycophenolate Mofetil in Corticosteroid-Free Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients. Ensom, MHH; Kiang, TKL; Mayo, P; Rong, Y, 2019)	0.7
"We have developed and internally evaluated a novel population pharmacokinetic model for tacrolimus co-administered with mycophenolate mofetil in corticosteroid-free adult kidney transplant patients."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Immediate-Release Oral Tacrolimus Co-administered with Mycophenolate Mofetil in Corticosteroid-Free Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients. Ensom, MHH; Kiang, TKL; Mayo, P; Rong, Y, 2019)	0.51
"To evaluate the relationship between total and free MPA pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and renal outcome markers, and to verify whether conducting therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in lupus nephritis (LN) patients would be of value in routine clinical practice."	( Pharmacokinetics of free and total mycophenolic acid in adult lupus nephritis patients-implications for therapeutic drug monitoring. Augustyniak-Bartosik, H; Durlik, M; Hurkacz, M; Kunicki, PK; Pawiński, T; Łuszczyńska, P, 2019)	0.79
"This study examined relationship between free and total pharmacokinetic MPA parameters as well as the effect of hypoalbuminemia on MPA plasma protein binding in adult LN patients."	( Pharmacokinetics of free and total mycophenolic acid in adult lupus nephritis patients-implications for therapeutic drug monitoring. Augustyniak-Bartosik, H; Durlik, M; Hurkacz, M; Kunicki, PK; Pawiński, T; Łuszczyńska, P, 2019)	0.79
"The aim of the present study is to establish a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and limited sampling strategy models for the estimation of MPA exposure in Chinese adult renal allograft recipients following oral administration of enteric coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS)."	( Population Pharmacokinetics and Bayesian Estimation of Mycophenolic Acid Exposure in Chinese Renal Allograft Recipients After Administration of EC-MPS. An, HM; Chen, B; Liu, XX; Lu, JQ; Shao, K; Shi, HQ; Wang, XH; Xu, D; Zhai, XH; Zhou, PJ, 2019)	0.98
"Various mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models have been developed to describe its PK characteristics and facilitate its optimal dosing in adult kidney transplant recipients co-administered with tacrolimus."	( Systematic external evaluation of published population pharmacokinetic models of mycophenolate mofetil in adult kidney transplant recipients co-administered with tacrolimus. Deng, RH; Fu, Q; Jiao, Z; Li, J; Liu, LS; Liu, YF; Luo, B; Sheng, CC; Wang, CX; Zhang, HX; Zhao, Q, 2019)	0.51
" Optimal pharmacokinetic models were selected based on objective function values, standard errors, and biological plausibility."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Mycophenolic Acid Co-Administered with Tacrolimus in Corticosteroid-Free Adult Kidney Transplant Patients. Ensom, MHH; Kiang, TKL; Mayo, P; Rong, Y, 2019)	0.8
" As inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), the target enzyme of MPA, shows high interindividual variability in its basal activity, the assessment of IMPDH activity in addition to pharmacokinetic monitoring has emerged as a strategy to individualize MPA pharmacotherapy."	( Pharmacodynamic Monitoring of Mycophenolic Acid Therapy: Improved Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Measuring Inosin-5'-Monophosphate Dehydrogenase Activity. Ehren, R; Fietz, C; Müller, C; Streichert, T; Weber, LT; Weißbarth, G; Wiesen, MHJ, 2020)	0.85
" A prospective, single-dose pharmacokinetic study was performed, prior to and after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, for tacrolimus, extended-release tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium."	( Prospective study of the changes in pharmacokinetics of immunosuppressive medications after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Boutin, L; Chan, G; du Souich, P; Elftouh, N; Garneau, PY; Hajjar, R; Lafrance, JP; Michaud, J; Pichette, V, 2020)	0.56
"A population physiologically based pharmacokinetic (Pop-PBPK) model of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and MPA with enterohepatic recycling was built and verified using previously published plasma, saliva, and kidney biopsy data in healthy and kidney-transplant adult patients."	( The development of a population physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for mycophenolic mofetil and mycophenolic acid in humans using data from plasma, saliva, and kidney tissue. Abu-Duhair, O; Al-Ghazawi, A; Albderat, J; Alfarah, MQ; AlMardini, R; Alsalaita, G; Alsmadi, MM; Hamadi, S; Idkaidek, N, 2019)	0.73
" Because MPA has wide interindividual pharmacokinetic (PK) variability, the importance of maintaining the MPA concentration levels within its therapeutic range is clear."	( Mycophenolic Acid and Its Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interactions in Humans: Review of the Evidence and Clinical Implications. Benjanuwattra, J; Koonrungsesomboon, N; Pruksakorn, D, 2020)	2
"Nuclear factor of activated T cell-regulated gene expression (NFAT-RGE) has been proposed as a pharmacodynamic biomarker for tacrolimus (Tac) and cyclosporine (CsA)."	( Nuclear factor of activated T cells as potential pharmacodynamic biomarker for the risk of acute and subclinical rejection in de novo liver recipients. Brunet, M; Fortuna, V; Millán, O; Navasa, M; Ruiz, P, 2020)	0.56
" The aims of this study were to develop population pharmacokinetic models and Bayesian estimators based on limited sampling strategies to allow for individual dose adjustment of intravenous mycophenolate mofetil administered by infusion in haematopoietic stem cell transplant patients."	( Population pharmacokinetics and Bayesian estimators for intravenous mycophenolate mofetil in haematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. Debord, J; Girault, S; Labriffe, M; Marquet, P; Monchaud, C; Turlure, P; Vaidie, J; Woillard, JB, 2020)	0.56
" Pharmacokinetic models characterized by a single compartment with first-order elimination, combined with two gamma distributions to describe the transformation of MMF into mycophenolic acid, were developed using in parallel nonparametric (Pmetrics) and parametric (ITSIM) approaches."	( Population pharmacokinetics and Bayesian estimators for intravenous mycophenolate mofetil in haematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. Debord, J; Girault, S; Labriffe, M; Marquet, P; Monchaud, C; Turlure, P; Vaidie, J; Woillard, JB, 2020)	0.75
"Population pharmacokinetic models and Bayesian estimators for IV MMF in HCT have been developed and are now available online (https://pharmaco."	( Population pharmacokinetics and Bayesian estimators for intravenous mycophenolate mofetil in haematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. Debord, J; Girault, S; Labriffe, M; Marquet, P; Monchaud, C; Turlure, P; Vaidie, J; Woillard, JB, 2020)	0.56
"We hypothesized that area under the concentration time curve (AUC(0-12)) is more accurate pharmacokinetic predictor vs trough level of mycophenolic acid (C0)."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of MFF in combinations with tacrolimus and cyclosporine. Findings of C0 and AUC. Kaduševičius, E; Marquet, P; Maslauskienë, R; Radzevičienė, A; Saint-Marcoux, F; Stankevičius, E, 2020)	0.76
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an effective oral immunosuppressive drug used to treat lupus nephritis (LN), which exhibits large pharmacokinetic variability."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in Mexican patients with lupus nephritis. Abud-Mendoza, C; Martínez-Martínez, MU; Medellín-Garibay, SE; Milán-Segovia, RDC; Reséndiz-Galván, JE; Romano-Aguilar, M; Romano-Moreno, S, 2020)	2.29
"This is the first MPA population pharmacokinetic model to have found that co-administration of prednisone results in a considerable increase on clearance."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in Mexican patients with lupus nephritis. Abud-Mendoza, C; Martínez-Martínez, MU; Medellín-Garibay, SE; Milán-Segovia, RDC; Reséndiz-Galván, JE; Romano-Aguilar, M; Romano-Moreno, S, 2020)	0.84
" This study aimed to build a pharmacokinetic model using a population approach to describe MPA total and unbound concentrations in plasma and into peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 78 adult kidney transplant recipients receiving mycophenolate mofetil therapy combined with tacrolimus and prednisone."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Plasma and Cellular Mycophenolic Acid in Kidney Transplant Patients from the CIMTRE Study. Barau, C; Barrail-Tran, A; Benech, H; Bertrand, J; Durrbach, A; Furlan, V; Michelon, H; Riglet, F; Verstuyft, C, 2020)	0.8
"This population pharmacokinetic model demonstrated the intracellular accumulation of MPA, the efflux of MPA out of the cells being dependent on P-glycoprotein transporters."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Plasma and Cellular Mycophenolic Acid in Kidney Transplant Patients from the CIMTRE Study. Barau, C; Barrail-Tran, A; Benech, H; Bertrand, J; Durrbach, A; Furlan, V; Michelon, H; Riglet, F; Verstuyft, C, 2020)	0.8
" Population pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic modelling has been frequently used to characterize the fixed, random and covariate effects of MPA in adult patients."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in paediatric patients. Jun, H; Kiang, TKL; Rong, Y, 2021)	0.91
"Previously, we performed population pharmacokinetic analysis and indicated age, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)/mycophenolic acid (MPA) daily dose, and presence of nifedipine in patient therapy as significant predictors of MPA apparent clearance (CL/F) variability."	( Assessment of pharmacokinetic mycophenolic acid clearance models using Monte Carlo numerical analysis. Catić-Đorđević, A; Damnjanović, I; Mitić, B; Pavlović, D; Pavlović, I; Spasić, A; Stefanović, N; Veličković-Radovanović, R, 2021)	1.12
" A narrow therapeutic index and high inter-and intra-patient pharmacokinetic (PK) variability complicate the use of MMF."	( Single-dose pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid following administration of immediate-release mycophenolate mofetil in healthy Beagle dogs. Anderson, WH; Klotsman, M; Sathyan, G, 2021)	0.9
" A meta-analysis was conducted to determine any associations between genetic polymorphisms and pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic parameters of MPA."	( The Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Mycophenolic Acid: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Koonrungsesomboon, N; Na Takuathung, M; Sakuludomkan, W, 2021)	0.85
"The present systematic review and meta-analysis identified six SNPs that were significantly associated with pharmacokinetic variability or adverse effects of MPA."	( The Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Mycophenolic Acid: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Koonrungsesomboon, N; Na Takuathung, M; Sakuludomkan, W, 2021)	0.85
"The objective was to assess the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms in mycophenolate and cytomegalovirus antiviral drug pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic genes and drug-induced leukopenia in adult heart transplant recipients."	( Variants in mycophenolate and CMV antiviral drug pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic genes and leukopenia in heart transplant recipients. Ambardekar, AV; Aquilante, CL; Deininger, KM; Lindenfeld, J; Oreschak, K; PageII, R; Rafaels, N; Saba, LM, 2021)	0.62
" The pharmacokinetic (PK) of MPA has been extensively studied, which revealed a high degree of variability."	( Genetic polymorphisms in metabolic enzymes and transporters have no impact on mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in adult kidney transplant patients co-treated with tacrolimus: A population analysis. Feng, LJ; Jiao, Z; Liao, GY; Sheng, CC; Su, Y; Xia, Q; Xu, DJ; Yang, CL, 2021)	0.85
" Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed."	( Pharmacokinetics of Mycophenolate Mofetil Metabolites in Older Patients on the Seventh Day After Renal Transplantation. Chrzanowska, M; Głyda, M; Malec, M; Sobiak, J, 2021)	0.62
" Very few pharmacodynamic models were available, pointing to the need to extrapolate pharmacokinetic findings."	( Recent lessons learned from population pharmacokinetic studies of mycophenolic acid: physiological, genomic, and drug interactions leading to the prediction of drug effects. Kiang, TKL; Patel, V; Rong, Y, 2021)	0.86
" A total of 193 pharmacokinetic profiles were performed."	( Are in clinical practice measurements of concentrations and the calculation of mycophenolate mofetil pharmacokinetic parameters needed for optimizing therapy in patients with renal diseases or kidney transplantation? Augustyniak-Bartosik, H; Głowacka, K; Hurkacz, M; Krajewska, M; Pondel, J, 2022)	0.72
" The aim of the present study was to develop population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models and maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimators (MAP-BEs) to estimate mycophenolic acid interdose area under the curve in AIH patients administered MMF using nonlinear mixed effect modelling."	( Population pharmacokinetics and Bayesian estimation of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Marquet, P; Nanga, TM; Prémaud, A; Rousseau, A; Woillard, JB, 2022)	0.92
"The pharmacokinetic data were best described by a 2-compartment model, Erlang distribution to describe the absorption phase, and a proportional error."	( Population pharmacokinetics and Bayesian estimation of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Marquet, P; Nanga, TM; Prémaud, A; Rousseau, A; Woillard, JB, 2022)	0.72
" Apparent clearance (CL/F) and distribution volume (V/F) for each individual were derived from concentration-time profiles combined with population pharmacokinetic priors, with subsequent assessment for between-group difference in pharmacokinetics."	( Important lack of difference in tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics between Aboriginal and Caucasian kidney transplant recipients. Barraclough, KA; Carroll, R; Cherian, S; Gorham, G; Holford, N; Majoni, SW; Metz, D; Staatz, CE; Swaminathan, R, 2022)	0.98
"To define the noncompartmental pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of three single doses of intravenous (i."	( Noncompartmental pharmacokinetics of three intravenous mycophenolate mofetil concentrations in healthy Standardbred mares. Burroughs, DL; Cole, LK; Guo, Y; Hill, K; Lorch, G; Phelps, MA; Schroeder, EL, 2023)	0.91
"0 mg/kg的剂量单次静脉推注给药，两次给药之间间隔8天洗脱期。在 MMF 给药前即刻和 24 h 内采集血样。根据 FDA 指南开发了液相色谱-串联质谱法，以测定血浆MMF、MPA、MPAG、AcMPAG和 MPG 浓度。单独分析血浆浓度，然后计算几何平均值和变异系数。 结果:测定了所有剂量下 MMF 和所有代谢物的非房室 PK 参数。所有马中的 MMF 均迅速转化为MPA。MMF 的每个递增剂量导致 MPA 和另外三种代谢物的 Cmax 和AUCinf_obs增加。在10倍剂量范围内，MMF及其代谢物的 Cmax 和AUCinf_obs呈非线性增加。 结论和临床相关性:马通过葡萄糖醛酸化和糖苷化清除途径，将 MMF 生物转化为MPA、MPAG、AcMPAG和MPG。确定了 MPA 及其代谢物MPAG、AcMPAG和 MPG 的马参考 PK 曲线。."	( Noncompartmental pharmacokinetics of three intravenous mycophenolate mofetil concentrations in healthy Standardbred mares. Burroughs, DL; Cole, LK; Guo, Y; Hill, K; Lorch, G; Phelps, MA; Schroeder, EL, 2023)	0.91
" We previously developed the blood-based Immunobiogram bioassay for in-vitro characterization of the pharmacodynamic response of patients' own immune cells to a range of immunosuppressants."	( The Immunobiogram, a novel in vitro diagnostic test to measure the pharmacodynamic response to immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplant patients. Andrés, A; Crespo, M; Díez, T; Jiménez, C; Kotton, CN; Krajewska, M; Ortega, A; Pascual, J; Paz-Artal, E; Portero, I; Portolés, J; Seron, D; Sorensen, SS; Witzke, O, 2022)	0.72
"Our results highlight the potential of Immunobiogram as a tool to test the pharmacodynamic response to individual immunosuppressive drugs."	( The Immunobiogram, a novel in vitro diagnostic test to measure the pharmacodynamic response to immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplant patients. Andrés, A; Crespo, M; Díez, T; Jiménez, C; Kotton, CN; Krajewska, M; Ortega, A; Pascual, J; Paz-Artal, E; Portero, I; Portolés, J; Seron, D; Sorensen, SS; Witzke, O, 2022)	0.72
" This study is aimed at developing a population pharmacokinetic model of mycophenolic acid in children who were treated with EC-MPS after renal transplantation and to recommend initial dosage."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Enteric-Coated Mycophenolate Sodium in Children after Renal Transplantation and Initial Dosage Recommendation Based on Body Surface Area. Huang, Y; Li, Z; Wang, G; Xu, H; Ye, Q, 2022)	0.95
" Despite various review articles having suggested the presence of pharmacokinetic interactions between MPA and steroids, definitive data have not yet been demonstrated."	( Clinical Evidence on the Purported Pharmacokinetic Interactions between Corticosteroids and Mycophenolic Acid. Kiang, T; Rong, Y, 2023)	1.13
" The purpose of this study is to develop a sensitive LC-MS/MS method to simultaneously quantify MMF, MPA, and two major metabolites, mycophenolic acid-glucuronide (MPAG) and Acyl-mycophenolic acid-glucuronide (AcMPAG) and applied this method in a pharmacokinetic (PK) and tissue distribution study."	( Development of a novel UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of mycophenolic mofetil, mycophenolic acid, and its major metabolites: Application to pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study in rats. Abasifreke, B; Du, T; Etim, I; Gao, S; Kuddabujja, D; Liang, D; Sun, R, 2023)	1.33
" The majority of the MPA pharmacokinetic data have been reported in adult populations, whereas information in pediatric patients is still very limited."	( Significant Effects of Renal Function on Mycophenolic Acid Total Clearance in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients with Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Hamiwka, L; Kiang, TKL; Rong, Y; Wichart, J, 2023)	1.18
" Nonlinear mixed-effect modeling was conducted using stochastic approximation expectation-maximization in Monolix 2021R2 (Lixoft SAS, France) to determine population pharmacokinetic estimates, interindividual variabilities, and interoccasional variabilities."	( Significant Effects of Renal Function on Mycophenolic Acid Total Clearance in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients with Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Hamiwka, L; Kiang, TKL; Rong, Y; Wichart, J, 2023)	1.18
"We have successfully constructed and validated a novel population pharmacokinetic model of MPA in pediatric kidney transplant patients."	( Significant Effects of Renal Function on Mycophenolic Acid Total Clearance in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients with Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Hamiwka, L; Kiang, TKL; Rong, Y; Wichart, J, 2023)	1.18
"Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) is the newest and most promising sample-collection technique for quantitatively analyzing drugs, especially for routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and pharmacokinetic studies."	( Analytical and Clinical Validation of Assays for Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) of Drugs in Different Blood Matrices: A Literature Review. Aarnoutse, RE; Hasanah, AN; Nugraha, RV; Ruslami, R; Santoso, P; Yunivita, V, 2023)	0.91

Compound-Compound Interactions

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) has been shown to be safe and effective for treatment of lupus nephritis. The possible pharmacokinetic interaction between the new immunosuppressive mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and tacrolimus (TAC) was assessed.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" We investigated whether RS61443 in combination with leflunomide (Lef) or FK506 (FK) could prolong allograft survival in a rat heart model, since combination therapy might help to overcome drug toxicity."	( Effect of RS61443 in combination with leflunomide or FK506 on rat heart allograft survival. Antoniou, E; D'Silva, M; DeRoover, A; Howie, AJ; McMaster, P; Nishimura, Y, 1996)	0.29
" In addition, we conclude that TAC and CsA (Neoral), when combined with MMF, yield similar, low acute rejection rates with similar graft function and metabolic control."	( Mycophenolate mofetil decreases rejection in simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation when combined with tacrolimus or cyclosporine. Chan, L; Kam, I; Nolan, C; Simon, M; Stegall, MD; Wachs, ME, 1997)	0.3
"Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) combined with conventional cyclosporine and steroids doses efficiently prevents acute rejection in kidney transplants."	( Incidence of leukopenia and cytomegalovirus disease in kidney transplants treated with mycophenolate mofetil combined with low cyclosporine and steroid doses. Andrés, A; Cruzado, JM; Fulladosa, X; Gil-Vernet, S; Grinyó, JM; Morales, JM; Moreso, F; Pérez, JL; Serón, D, 1998)	0.3
" Its antiproliferative effect on human mononuclear cells in combination with different immunosuppressive drugs was further analysed in vitro."	( Synergistic effects of the alkaloid sinomenine in combination with the immunosuppressive drugs tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid. Kaever, V; Resch, K; Vieregge, B, 1999)	0.52
"The possible pharmacokinetic interaction between the new immunosuppressive mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and tacrolimus (TAC), respectively, was assessed by comparing routinely estimated mycophenolic acid (MPA) plasma trough levels of 15 consecutive renal transplant patients receiving MMF in combination with methylprednisolone (MEP) and cyclosporin A (CSA, 10 patients) or in combination with MEP and tacrolimus (TAC, 5 patients)."	( Drug interaction between mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus detectable within therapeutic mycophenolic acid monitoring in renal transplant patients. Eismann, R; Hübner, GI; Sziegoleit, W, 1999)	0.71
"After cadaveric renal transplant, patients were randomized to receive tacrolimus in combination with either azathioprine (AZA, n=59), MMF 1 g/day (n=59), or MMF 2 g/day group (n=58)."	( Safety and efficacy of tacrolimus in combination with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in cadaveric renal transplant recipients. FK506/MMF Dose-Ranging Kidney Transplant Study Group. Jensik, SC; Mendez, R; Miller, J; Pirsch, JD, 2000)	0.31
"Tacrolimus in combination with an initial dose of MMF 2 g/day is a very effective and safe regimen in cadaveric kidney transplant recipients."	( Safety and efficacy of tacrolimus in combination with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in cadaveric renal transplant recipients. FK506/MMF Dose-Ranging Kidney Transplant Study Group. Jensik, SC; Mendez, R; Miller, J; Pirsch, JD, 2000)	0.31
" In this study, we compared the rate of acute rejection in liver transplant recipients randomized in a double-blind comparative study to treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or azathioprine (AZA), both in combination with cyclosporine and corticosteroids."	( A randomized double-blind comparative study of mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine in combination with cyclosporine and corticosteroids in primary liver transplant recipients. Bismuth, H; Freeman, R; Kalayoglu, M; Klintmalm, G; Langnas, A; Levy, G; Mamelok, R; McDiarmid, S; McMaster, P; Neuhaus, P; Punch, J; Rabkin, J; Wang, W; Wiesner, R, 2001)	0.31
"Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an effective posttransplantation immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclosporin A (CsA) or tacrolimus (Tc)."	( Pharmacokinetic basis for the efficient and safe use of low-dose mycophenolate mofetil in combination with tacrolimus in kidney transplantation. Chaib Eddour, D; De Meyer, M; König, J; Malaise, J; Mourad, M; Schepers, R; Squifflet, JP; Wallemacq, P, 2001)	0.31
" We report a dose-finding study for MMF when administered in combination with low-dose tacrolimus and corticosteroid prophylaxis in cadaveric renal transplant recipients."	( Dose optimization of mycophenolate mofetil when administered with a low dose of tacrolimus in cadaveric renal transplant recipients. Bäckman, L; Claesson, K; Dietl, KH; Ekberg, H; Forsythe, JL; Heemann, U; Kunzendorf, U; Land, W; Morales, JM; Mühlbacher, F; Schleibner, S; Squifflet, JP; Talbot, D; Taube, D; Tyden, G; van Hooff, J; Vanrenterghem, Y, 2001)	0.31
"Low-dose tacrolimus combined with a MMF dose of 1 g daily and corticosteroids provided an optimized efficacy and safety profile."	( Dose optimization of mycophenolate mofetil when administered with a low dose of tacrolimus in cadaveric renal transplant recipients. Bäckman, L; Claesson, K; Dietl, KH; Ekberg, H; Forsythe, JL; Heemann, U; Kunzendorf, U; Land, W; Morales, JM; Mühlbacher, F; Schleibner, S; Squifflet, JP; Talbot, D; Taube, D; Tyden, G; van Hooff, J; Vanrenterghem, Y, 2001)	0.31
"These results offer a strong case for exploring the possibility that in humans MMF combined with COX-2 inhibitors has a role in the treatment options for lupus nephritis."	( Mycophenolate mofetil combined with a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor ameliorates murine lupus nephritis. Abbate, M; Benigni, A; Casiraghi, F; Corna, D; Noris, M; Pagnoncelli, M; Remuzzi, G; Rottoli, D; Zoja, C, 2001)	0.31
" Results of this study suggest that the use of adjuvant IL-2R antibodies in combination with MMF in the early peritransplantation period may be associated with early recurrence of hepatitis C and more rapid histological progression of disease."	( Anti-interleukin-2 receptor therapy in combination with mycophenolate mofetil is associated with more severe hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation. Abdelmalek, MF; Davis, GL; Hemming, AW; Howard, R; Nelson, DR; Reed, A; Soldevila-Pico, C; Van der Werf, WJ, 2001)	0.31
" We tested MPA alone and in combination with abacavir (ABC), didanosine (DDI), lamivudine (3TC) and tenofovir (TFV) against wild-type human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-resistant HIV-1."	( Dose proportional inhibition of HIV-1 replication by mycophenolic acid and synergistic inhibition in combination with abacavir, didanosine, and tenofovir. Coull, JJ; Drusano, GL; Hossain, MM; Margolis, DM, 2002)	0.56
"Thirty-eight adult patients with chronic hepatitis C who did not respond to a previous interferon alfa monotherapy were enrolled to receive 6 million units of interferon alfa-2a tiw in combination with MMF (1 week 500 mg/day, 1 week 1000 mg/day, 22 weeks 2000 mg/day)."	( Mycophenolate mofetil in combination with recombinant interferon alfa-2a in interferon-nonresponder patients with chronic hepatitis C. Berg, T; Cornberg, M; Falkenberg, C; Hinrichsen, H; Manns, MP; Naumann, U; Teuber, G; Zeuzem, S, 2002)	0.31
"MPS in monotherapy and combined with FTY720 resulted in steep dose-response curves."	( Efficacy of mycophenolate sodium as monotherapy and in combination with FTY720 in a DA-to-Lewis-rat heart-transplantation model. Baumlin, Y; Hof, A; Hof, RP; Matsumoto, Y, 2002)	0.31
"In 45 patients with serum creatinine more than 120 micromol/L or creatinine clearance less than 50 mL/min, 2 g MMF per day was administered (median 29 months, 1-49 months) either as monotherapy (with all other immunosuppression withdrawn in 1 month) in 16 patients (group I) or in combination with low-dose CNI (trough tacrolimus	( Long-term mycophenolate mofetil monotherapy in combination with calcineurin inhibitors for chronic renal dysfunction after liver transplantation. Burroughs, AK; Dagher, L; Davidson, BR; Papatheodoridis, GV; Patch, DW; Raimondo, ML; Rolando, N; Rolles, K, 2003)	0.32
"Our cohort with prolonged follow-up showed significant improvement in renal function with both MMF monotherapy and in combination with low-dose CNI with minimal rejection (five of six steroid responsive) and no graft loss."	( Long-term mycophenolate mofetil monotherapy in combination with calcineurin inhibitors for chronic renal dysfunction after liver transplantation. Burroughs, AK; Dagher, L; Davidson, BR; Papatheodoridis, GV; Patch, DW; Raimondo, ML; Rolando, N; Rolles, K, 2003)	0.32
"Cyclosporine (INN: ciclosporin) A or tacrolimus have been used mostly in combination with azathioprine as primary immunosuppression after lung transplantation."	( Cyclosporine A versus tacrolimus in combination with mycophenolate mofetil and steroids as primary immunosuppression after lung transplantation: one-year results of a 2-center prospective randomized trial. Birsan, T; Deviatko, E; Klepetko, W; Reichart, B; Reichenspurner, H; Treede, H; Zuckermann, A, 2003)	0.32
"This 2-center, prospective randomized study showed high immunosuppressive potency of both cyclosporine A and tacrolimus in combination with mycophenolate mofetil."	( Cyclosporine A versus tacrolimus in combination with mycophenolate mofetil and steroids as primary immunosuppression after lung transplantation: one-year results of a 2-center prospective randomized trial. Birsan, T; Deviatko, E; Klepetko, W; Reichart, B; Reichenspurner, H; Treede, H; Zuckermann, A, 2003)	0.32
"Tacrolimus is equally effective in renal transplantation when combined with sirolimus or MMF."	( Randomized trial of tacrolimus in combination with sirolimus or mycophenolate mofetil in kidney transplantation: results at 6 months. Gonwa, T; Jensik, S; Mendez, R; Steinberg, S; Weinstein, S; Yang, HC, 2003)	0.32
"A higher tacrolimus dose is required to reach target concentrations when used in combination with corticosteroids."	( Tacrolimus dose requirement in renal transplant recipients is significantly higher when used in combination with corticosteroids. Gregoor, PJ; Hesselink, DA; Ngyuen, H; Steyerberg, EW; van Gelder, T; van Riemsdijk, IC; Wabbijn, M; Weimar, W, 2003)	0.32
" The aim of this study was to examine the long-term pharmacokinetic characteristics of MMF when combined with tacrolimus in renal allograft recipients and to identify a possible relationship between these pharmacokinetic parameters and clinical outcome parameters."	( Twelve-month evaluation of the clinical pharmacokinetics of total and free mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide metabolites in renal allograft recipients on low dose tacrolimus in combination with mycophenolate mofetil. Abramowicz, D; Armstrong, V; Daems, J; Kuypers, DR; Mourad, M; Oellerich, M; Shipkova, M; Squifflet, JP; Vanrenterghem, Y, 2003)	0.55
"They have demonstrated that in renal transplant recipients MPA, free MPA, Acyl-MPAG and MPAG have a particular pharmacokinetic profile when combined with tacrolimus which differs from the combination with CsA."	( Twelve-month evaluation of the clinical pharmacokinetics of total and free mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide metabolites in renal allograft recipients on low dose tacrolimus in combination with mycophenolate mofetil. Abramowicz, D; Armstrong, V; Daems, J; Kuypers, DR; Mourad, M; Oellerich, M; Shipkova, M; Squifflet, JP; Vanrenterghem, Y, 2003)	0.55
"Cyclosporin (CsA) or tacrolimus (TRL) is routinely combined with either sirolimus (SRL) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in immunosuppressive regimes in organ transplantation."	( Assessment of immunosuppressive drug interactions: inhibition of lymphocyte function in peripheral human blood. Barten, MJ; Bittner, HB; Chang, H; Dhein, S; Gummert, JF; Mohr, FW; Rahmel, A; Tarnok, A, 2003)	0.32
"Clinical trials using daclizumab as induction therapy in combination with tacrolimus (TAC) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) have been shown to reduce the incidence of acute rejection episodes in solid organ transplantation."	( The use of daclizumab as induction therapy in combination with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil in recipients with previous transplants. Burke, GW; Ciancio, G; Kupin, W; Mattiazzi, A; Miller, J; Roth, D, 2003)	0.32
" Patients with no signs of acute rejection were switched to MMF (500-2,000 mg/day) in combination with a low dose of sirolimus (1 mg/day)."	( Low-dose sirolimus in combination with mycophenolate mofetil improves kidney graft function late after renal transplantation and suggests pharmacokinetic interaction of both immunosuppressive drugs. Kunzendorf, U; Renders, L; Schöcklmann, HO; Steinbach, R; Valerius, T, 2004)	0.32
"Low-dose sirolimus therapy in combination with concentration-adjusted MMF therapy leads to improvement of organ function late after renal transplantation."	( Low-dose sirolimus in combination with mycophenolate mofetil improves kidney graft function late after renal transplantation and suggests pharmacokinetic interaction of both immunosuppressive drugs. Kunzendorf, U; Renders, L; Schöcklmann, HO; Steinbach, R; Valerius, T, 2004)	0.32
"We investigated the efficacy of immunoadsorption (IA) in combination with tacrolimus (FK506) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) rescue therapy for C4d-positive acute humoral rejection (AHR) of renal transplants."	( C4d-positive acute humoral renal allograft rejection: rescue therapy by immunoadsorption in combination with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. Chen, HP; Ji, DX; Ji, SM; Li, LS; Liu, M; Liu, ZH; Tang, Zh, 2004)	0.32
"03 sessions combined with FK506 (0."	( C4d-positive acute humoral renal allograft rejection: rescue therapy by immunoadsorption in combination with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. Chen, HP; Ji, DX; Ji, SM; Li, LS; Liu, M; Liu, ZH; Tang, Zh, 2004)	0.32
"In this pilot study to determine if mycophenolate mofetil when combined with ursodeoxycholic acid could prevent evidence of clinical progression and improve the biochemical, histological and/or cholangiographic features of primary sclerosing cholangitis compared with patients treated with ursodeoxycholic acid alone."	( A prospective, randomized-controlled pilot study of ursodeoxycholic acid combined with mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Contos, MJ; Fulcher, AS; Luketic, VA; Mills, AS; Salvatori, JJ; Sanyal, AJ; Shiffman, ML; Sterling, RK; Stravitz, RT, 2004)	0.32
"Mycophenolate mofetil combined with ursodeoxycholic acid does not appear to provide additional benefit compared with standard doses of ursodeoxycholic acid alone in the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis."	( A prospective, randomized-controlled pilot study of ursodeoxycholic acid combined with mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Contos, MJ; Fulcher, AS; Luketic, VA; Mills, AS; Salvatori, JJ; Sanyal, AJ; Shiffman, ML; Sterling, RK; Stravitz, RT, 2004)	0.32
" Although a significant improvement in the prevention of GVHD was not suggested, compared with CSP and MTX, MMF in combination with CSP could be considered in cases in which MTX is contraindicated."	( A phase I/II study of mycophenolate mofetil in combination with cyclosporine for prophylaxis of acute graft-versus-host disease after myeloablative conditioning and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Anasetti, C; Appelbaum, FR; Blume, KG; Deeg, HJ; Forman, SJ; Furlong, T; Johnston, L; Kiem, HP; Lloid, ME; Martin, PJ; McCune, JS; Nash, RA; Parker, P; Schubert, MM; Slattery, JT; Storb, R; Storer, B; Witherspoon, RP, 2005)	0.33
"Tacrolimus is safe and effective in live and deceased donor kidney transplantation when given in combination with sirolimus or MMF."	( A prospective, randomized trial of tacrolimus in combination with sirolimus or mycophenolate mofetil in kidney transplantation: results at 1 year. Gonwa, T; Jensik, S; Mendez, R; Steinberg, S; Weinstein, S; Yang, HC, 2005)	0.33
" The purpose of the present study was to determine the best single time points to assess the area-under-the-curve (AUC(0-12 hours)) in long-term heart transplant patients being treated with MMF in combination with CsA or tacrolimus."	( Best single time points to predict the area-under-the-curve in long-term heart transplant patients taking mycophenolate mofetil in combination with cyclosporine or tacrolimus. Besner, JG; Cantarovich, M; Cecere, R; Giannetti, N; Mardigyan, V, 2005)	0.33
"Our results suggest that in long-term heart transplant patients, the calcineurin inhibitor used in combination with MMF affects the correlation between MPA single time points and the AUC(0-12 hours)."	( Best single time points to predict the area-under-the-curve in long-term heart transplant patients taking mycophenolate mofetil in combination with cyclosporine or tacrolimus. Besner, JG; Cantarovich, M; Cecere, R; Giannetti, N; Mardigyan, V, 2005)	0.33
"Data on tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in combination with mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone are scarce in Chinese renal transplantation recipients."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus after the first oral administration in combination with mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone in Chinese renal transplant recipients. Chen, LZ; Chen, YH; Dai, YP; Fei, JG; Li, J; Qiu, J; Zheng, KL, 2005)	0.33
"Tacrolimus AUC12 show remarkable interindividual variations after the first oral dose in combination with mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone in Chinese renal transplant recipients."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus after the first oral administration in combination with mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone in Chinese renal transplant recipients. Chen, LZ; Chen, YH; Dai, YP; Fei, JG; Li, J; Qiu, J; Zheng, KL, 2005)	0.33
"Tacrolimus (TAC) combined with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been suggested to play a critical role in the reversal of C4d-positive acute humoral rejection (AHR) in renal transplantation, but the efficacy of using only TAC-MMF without immunoadsorption or plasmapheresis has not been investigated."	( Tacrolimus combined with mycophenolate mofetil can effectively reverse C4d-positive steroid-resistant acute rejection in Chinese renal allograft recipients. Chen, H; Chen, J; Ji, S; Li, LS; Liu, ZH; Sun, Q; Yin, G, 2006)	0.33
" This study examined the efficacy of KRP-203 combined with mycophenolic acid (MPA), an active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil, in rat heart allografts."	( Efficacy of mycophenolic acid combined with KRP-203, a novel immunomodulator, in a rat heart transplantation model. Fujishiro, J; Ikeda, U; Ise, H; Ishiyama, J; Izawa, A; Kobayashi, E; Morimoto, H; Murakami, T; Nakada, A; Nakayama, J; Shimada, K; Suzuki, C; Takahashi, M, 2006)	0.96
" Histologic and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that diffuse mononuclear cell infiltration (macrophages and T cells), hemorrhage, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, and expression of endothelin-1, transforming growth factor-beta1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-8, and E-selectin were markedly diminished in the allografts treated with MPA combined with KRP-203."	( Efficacy of mycophenolic acid combined with KRP-203, a novel immunomodulator, in a rat heart transplantation model. Fujishiro, J; Ikeda, U; Ise, H; Ishiyama, J; Izawa, A; Kobayashi, E; Morimoto, H; Murakami, T; Nakada, A; Nakayama, J; Shimada, K; Suzuki, C; Takahashi, M, 2006)	0.71
"We evaluated the in vitro capacity of FK778, alone or in combination with other immunosuppressive drugs: Tacrolimus (TRL); Sirolimus (SRL), Everolimus (EVL), to inhibit clonal expansion of T-lymphocytes and expression of lymphocyte-activation surface antigens; secondly, we compared the immunosuppressive potential of FK778 combined with TRL, SRL and EVL with the same combinations using Mycophenolic acid (MPA) as antimetabolite."	( Role of FK778 alone or in combination with tacrolimus or mTOR inhibitors as an immunomodulator of immunofunctions: in vitro evaluation of T cell proliferation and the expression of lymphocyte surface antigens. Barceló, JJ; Brunet, M; Fortuna, V; Jiménez, O; Millán, O, )	0.3
" We conclude that both sirolimus monotherapy and sirolimus in combination with prednisone and/or MMF are efficacious and safe in liver transplant recipients."	( Sirolimus monotherapy versus sirolimus in combination with steroids and/or MMF for immunosuppression after liver transplantation. Maheshwari, A; Thuluvath, PJ; Torbenson, MS, 2006)	0.33
" EC-MPS is well tolerated in de novo renal transplant recipients when administered in combination with CsA-ME and steroids, with low rates of dose reductions or interruptions."	( Tolerability of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium to 1 year in combination with cyclosporine and corticosteroids in renal transplant recipients. Bayle, F; Berthoux, F; Bourbigot, B; Chaouche-Teyara, K; Charpentier, B; Delahousse, M; Ducloux, D; Garrigue, V; Kamar, N; Karras, A; Kessler, M; Lang, P; Le Meur, Y; Lebranchu, Y; Lefrançois, N; Legendre, C; Merville, P; Moulin, B; Mourad, G; Pouteil-Noble, C; Rostaing, L, 2006)	0.33
" In conclusion, the introduction of MMF combined with the reduction of at least 50% of CNI dose allowed the renal function of liver transplant recipients to significantly improve at 1 year, without any rejection episode and without significant secondary effects."	( Mycophenolate mofetil in combination with reduction of calcineurin inhibitors for chronic renal dysfunction after liver transplantation. Barbotte, E; Bernard, PH; Bismuth, M; Calmus, Y; Duvoux, C; Hardgwissen, J; Larrey, D; Navarro, F; Pageaux, GP; Puche, P; Rostaing, L; Vanlemmens, C; Vercambre, L, 2006)	0.33
"To compare the pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and its metabolite (MPAG) when mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is administered in combination with sirolimus or ciclosporin (CsA) in renal allograft recipients."	( Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in combination with sirolimus or ciclosporin in renal transplant patients. Bouw, MR; Calleja, E; Hart, M; Leung, M; McKay, D; Melton, L; Mulgaonkar, S; Pescovitz, MD; Vincenti, F; Whelchel, J, 2007)	0.62
"Patients (n = 45) were randomized 2 : 1 to receive treatment with sirolimus (n = 30; dosed to maintain trough concentrations of 10-25 ng ml(-1) until week 8, and then 8-15 ng ml(-1) thereafter) or CsA (n = 15; administered as per centre practice) both in combination with daclizumab, oral MMF and corticosteroids."	( Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in combination with sirolimus or ciclosporin in renal transplant patients. Bouw, MR; Calleja, E; Hart, M; Leung, M; McKay, D; Melton, L; Mulgaonkar, S; Pescovitz, MD; Vincenti, F; Whelchel, J, 2007)	0.34
" We assessed the efficacy and safety of the introduction of universal valganciclovir prophylaxis in combination with a tacrolimus/mycophenolate-based regimen in kidney transplantation at our centre."	( Efficacy and safety of universal valganciclovir prophylaxis combined with a tacrolimus/mycophenolate-based regimen in kidney transplantation. Fellay, J; Fontana, M; Manuel, O; Matter, M; Meylan, PR; Pascual, M; Sturzenegger, N; Venetz, JP; Wasserfallen, JB, 2007)	0.34
" Immunosuppressive strategy consisted of daclizumab (2 doses of 1mg/Kg) in combination with steroids, mycophenolate mofetil (2g/daily during the first 45 days and then adjusted according to local practice) and Tacrolimus."	( [Daclizumab in combination with mycophenolate mofetil and a late introduction of Tacrolimus at low doses, as a therapeutic approach in the elderly renal transplant donor-recipients pairs in kidney transplant]. Cantarell, C; Capdevilla, L; Gentil, MA; González Molina, M; Mazuecos, A; Osuna, A; Pereira, P, 2008)	0.35
" MMF combined with prednisolone is an effective and well-tolerated induction treatment for patients with active lupus nephritis and for controlling SLE systemic activity."	( A prospective multicentre study of mycophenolate mofetil combined with prednisolone as induction therapy in 213 patients with active lupus nephritis. F, L; H, W; H, Z; L, W; X, P; Y, T; Z, H; Z, S, 2008)	0.35
"In this study, we examined whether cyclosporine was effective when combined with everolimus in clinical heart transplantation (HT)."	( Heart transplantation under cyclosporine or tacrolimus combined with mycophenolate mofetil or everolimus. Chen, YS; Chi, NH; Chou, NK; Huang, SC; Ko, WJ; Sun, CD; Tsao, CI; Wang, CH; Wang, SS; Wu, IH; Yu, HY, 2008)	0.35
" These mt-QSARs offer also a good opportunity to construct drug-drug Complex Networks (CNs) that can be used to explore large and complex drug-viral species databases."	( Unified QSAR approach to antimicrobials. 4. Multi-target QSAR modeling and comparative multi-distance study of the giant components of antiviral drug-drug complex networks. Chou, KC; González-Díaz, H; Martinez de la Vega, O; Prado-Prado, FJ; Ubeira, FM; Uriarte, E, 2009)	0.35
" The similar safety and efficacy seen with MMF plus standard or reduced doses of tacrolimus suggest that MMF could be combined with reduced doses of tacrolimus."	( Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in combination with standard-dose or reduced-dose tacrolimus in liver transplant recipients. Barcéna, R; Bernardos, A; Bouw, R; Bowles, M; Durand, F; Herrero, JI; Ives, J; Klempnauer, J; Mamelok, R; Marotta, P; McKay, D; Mentha, G; Nashan, B; Neuhaus, P; Patch, D; Saliba, F; Truman, M, 2009)	0.35
" The present study was to disclose the effect of MMF combined with benazapril on delaying tubulointerstitial fibrosis and its possible mechanisms in 5/6 nephrectomized rats."	( Could mycophenolate mofetil combined with benazapril delay tubulointerstitial fibrosis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats? Liu, WH; Tang, NN; Zhang, QD, 2009)	0.35
"MMF, especially combined with benazepril, can reduce proteinuria, improve renal function, ameliorate tubulointerstitial fibrosis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats."	( Could mycophenolate mofetil combined with benazapril delay tubulointerstitial fibrosis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats? Liu, WH; Tang, NN; Zhang, QD, 2009)	0.35
" In combination with intravenous tacrolimus and minidose methotrexate (5 mg/m2 on days 1, 3, and 6), MMF was orally administered at 30 mg/kg daily in three divided doses between days 7 and 27."	( Mycophenolate mofetil combined with tacrolimus and minidose methotrexate after unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning. Hishizawa, M; Hori, T; Ichinohe, T; Imada, K; Ishikawa, T; Kadowaki, N; Kanda, J; Kawabata, H; Kondo, T; Matsui, M; Mizumoto, C; Nishikori, M; Takaori-Kondo, A; Uchiyama, T; Yamashita, K, 2009)	0.35
"Adverse events due to drug-drug interactions remain a challenge in the postsurgical care of transplant recipients."	( Drug interactions in transplant patients: what everyone should know. Lee, S; Manitpisitkul, W; McCann, E; Weir, MR, 2009)	0.35
"There are a number of important drug-drug interactions which are important for physicians to consider."	( Drug interactions in transplant patients: what everyone should know. Lee, S; Manitpisitkul, W; McCann, E; Weir, MR, 2009)	0.35
"Close therapeutic drug monitoring and evaluation of drug-specific side effects continue to be an important key to minimize adverse events due to drug-drug interactions."	( Drug interactions in transplant patients: what everyone should know. Lee, S; Manitpisitkul, W; McCann, E; Weir, MR, 2009)	0.35
" The primary outcome was determined for the entire cohort, whereas the coprimary endpoint was determined only for 2 groups of patients: those who started and remained on a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) alone, that is, the CNI-alone group (n = 624), and those who started and remained on a CNI in combination with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), that is, the MMF group (n = 117)."	( Long-term renal function in liver transplant recipients and impact of immunosuppressive regimens (calcineurin inhibitors alone or in combination with mycophenolate mofetil): the TRY study. Calmus, Y; Deray, G; Dumortier, J; Duvoux, C; Janus, N; Karie-Guigues, S; Launay-Vacher, V; Lorho, R; Pageaux, GP; Saliba, F, 2009)	0.35
"In this prospective, randomized, open-label, single-center study, we compared the efficacy and safety of two anti-interleukin-2 receptor monoclonal antibodies combined with triple immunosuppression."	( Basiliximab versus daclizumab combined with triple immunosuppression in deceased donor renal transplantation: a prospective, randomized study. Arnol, M; Bren, AF; Kandus, A; Kmetec, A; Oblak, M; Omahen, K; Vidan-Jeras, B, 2010)	0.36
"Basiliximab or daclizumab combined with triple therapy was an efficient and a safe immunosuppression strategy, demonstrated with low incidence of acute rejections, excellent graft function, high survival rates, and acceptable adverse event profile in adult recipients within the 1st year after deceased donor renal transplantation."	( Basiliximab versus daclizumab combined with triple immunosuppression in deceased donor renal transplantation: a prospective, randomized study. Arnol, M; Bren, AF; Kandus, A; Kmetec, A; Oblak, M; Omahen, K; Vidan-Jeras, B, 2010)	0.36
"This study was aimed to investigate the prophylactic effect of CsA, MTX and MMF combined with ATG on graft versus host disease (GVHD) after unrelated donor peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (URD-PBHSCT)."	( [Prophylactic effect of CsA, MTX, MMF combined with ATG on GVHD in patients underwent unrelated peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]. Cao, YB; Da, WM; Gao, CJ; Li, HH; Li, XH; Ma, J; Wu, XX; Yu, L, 2010)	0.36
"The islet isolation method combined with a potent anti-inflammation strategy made it possible to achieve single-donor islet transplantation achieving a high SUITO index."	( ET-Kyoto ductal injection and density-adjusted purification combined with potent anti-inflammatory strategy facilitated single-donor islet transplantation: case reports. Levy, MF; Matsumoto, S; Naziruddin, B; Noguchi, H; Olsen, G; Onaca, N; Shimoda, M; Takita, M; Tamura, Y, )	0.13
"In vitro analyses of proliferation and apoptosis were performed on primate T cell cultures, following incubation with the immunosuppressive drugs MPS or CsA, alone or in combination with CoPP."	( In vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory effects of cobalt protoporphyrin administered in combination with immunosuppressive drugs. Ancona, E; Besenzon, F; Bosio, E; Calabrese, F; Cozzi, E; Dedja, A; Polito, L; Rigotti, P; Seveso, M; Tognato, E; Vadori, M; Valente, M, 2010)	0.36
"In vitro results suggest that co-administration of CoPP with CsA or MPS increases immunosuppressive effects of these drugs when combined with CoPP."	( In vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory effects of cobalt protoporphyrin administered in combination with immunosuppressive drugs. Ancona, E; Besenzon, F; Bosio, E; Calabrese, F; Cozzi, E; Dedja, A; Polito, L; Rigotti, P; Seveso, M; Tognato, E; Vadori, M; Valente, M, 2010)	0.36
" A two-compartment population pharmacokinetic model estimating oral clearance, between-patient variability in oral clearance, central volume of distribution, and residual variability in combination with historical estimates of first-order absorption rate constant, intercompartmental clearance, and peripheral volume of distribution adequately described the sparse MPA data."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of mycophenolic acid coadministered with either tasocitinib (CP-690,550) or tacrolimus in adult renal allograft recipients. Busque, S; Chan, G; Krishnaswami, S; Lamba, M; Melcher, M; Tafti, B, 2010)	0.63
"4 μg/mL and did not differ when combined with standard-exposure versus reduced-exposure tacrolimus (P=0."	( Pharmacokinetics of sotrastaurin combined with tacrolimus or mycophenolic acid in de novo kidney transplant recipients. Arns, W; Budde, K; Dantal, J; Grinyo, JM; Kovarik, JM; Proot, P; Rostaing, L; Steiger, JU, 2011)	0.61
"Sotrastaurin pharmacokinetics were similar when combined with reduced-exposure or standard-exposure tacrolimus or with MPA."	( Pharmacokinetics of sotrastaurin combined with tacrolimus or mycophenolic acid in de novo kidney transplant recipients. Arns, W; Budde, K; Dantal, J; Grinyo, JM; Kovarik, JM; Proot, P; Rostaing, L; Steiger, JU, 2011)	0.61
"We prospectively compared the effects of oral mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVC) combined with corticosteroids for induction therapy of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) with renal involvement over a follow-up period of 6 months."	( Effects of mycophenolate mofetil combined with corticosteroids for induction therapy of microscopic polyangiitis. Chen, J; Han, F; He, Q; He, X; Li, Q; Li, X; Liu, G; Wang, H; Wang, S; Zhang, X, 2011)	0.37
"To evaluat the efficacy and safety of myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) combined with imatinib for advanced chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 15 patients with accelerated phase (n=6) or blast crisis (n=9) were enrolled in this study."	( Imatinib combined with myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for advanced phases of chronic myeloid leukemia. Cai, Z; Han, X; He, J; Huang, H; Li, L; Lin, M; Luo, Y; Shi, J; Tan, Y; Xie, W; Ye, X; Zhao, Y; Zheng, Y, 2011)	0.37
"FTY720 (fingolimod), a novel immunomodulator, has demonstrated potential for prevention of acute rejection in combination with cyclosporine."	( FTY720 combined with tacrolimus in de novo renal transplantation: 1-year, multicenter, open-label randomized study. Abramowicz, D; Hoitsma, AJ; Proot, P; Vanrenterghem, Y; Woodle, ES, 2011)	0.37
"FTY720 combined with tacrolimus and steroids did not show a significant therapeutic advantage over MMF for the prevention of acute rejection in de novo renal transplant recipients."	( FTY720 combined with tacrolimus in de novo renal transplantation: 1-year, multicenter, open-label randomized study. Abramowicz, D; Hoitsma, AJ; Proot, P; Vanrenterghem, Y; Woodle, ES, 2011)	0.37
"Mycophenolic acid, in combination with glucocorticoids, has been shown in a series of trials to be safe and effective for treatment of lupus nephritis."	( Efficacy and safety of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in combination with two glucocorticoid regimens for the treatment of active lupus nephritis. Amoura, Z; Aroca, G; Bernhardt, P; Boletis, I; Doria, A; Hiepe, F; Jayne, D; Lan, J; Prestele, H; Zeher, M, 2011)	1.81
"Three hundred adult kidney recipients (median age 48 years) were enrolled over 3 years to receive EC-MPS de novo (n=175), as a switch from azathioprine (n=62) or mycophenolate mofetil MMF (n=63); in combination with calcineurin inhibitor."	( Tolerance of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in combination with calcineurin inhibitor in kidney transplant recipients: Polish experience. Chmura, A; Durlik, M; Galazka, Z; Gozdowska, J; Urbanowicz, AL, 2011)	0.37
"EC-MPS was tolerated better by younger kidney recipients, when combined with tacrolimus versus cyclosporine, and when introduced earlier after transplantation."	( Tolerance of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in combination with calcineurin inhibitor in kidney transplant recipients: Polish experience. Chmura, A; Durlik, M; Galazka, Z; Gozdowska, J; Urbanowicz, AL, 2011)	0.37
" Some immunosuppressive drugs also interact with one another: cyclosporine raises the level of mTOR inhibitors and lowers the level of mycophenolate."	( [Drug interactions and immunosuppression in organ transplant recipients]. Amundsen, R; Asberg, A; Bergan, S; Midtvedt, K; Vethe, NT, 2011)	0.37
" We sought to determine the safety of GO in combination with busulfan/cyclophosphamide (Bu/Cy) conditioning before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT)."	( A Phase I study of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) in combination with busulfan and cyclophosphamide (Bu/Cy) and allogeneic stem cell transplantation in children with poor-risk CD33+ AML: a new targeted immunochemotherapy myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regim Baxter-Lowe, LA; Bhatia, M; Cairo, MS; Dela Cruz, F; Duffy, D; Foley, S; Garvin, JH; George, D; Hawks, R; Jin, Z; Le Gall, J; Morris, E; Satwani, P; Schwartz, J; van de Ven, C, 2012)	0.38
"25 mg RAD001 twice daily in combination with 15 mg/kg cyclosporin A (CsA) twice daily were identified as appropriate starting doses to achieve the targeted range of RAD001 (3-8 μg/L) when orally administered."	( Everolimus in combination with cyclosporin a as pre- and posttransplantation immunosuppressive therapy in nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Altmann, S; Drewelow, B; Freund, M; Junghanss, C; Lange, S; Mueller, S; Rathsack, S; Vogel, H; Wacke, R; Weirich, V, 2012)	0.38
" Therefore, we examined whether the effects of MPA can be enhanced when studied in combination with the glucuronide."	( Effects of mycophenolic acid alone and in combination with its metabolite mycophenolic acid glucuronide on rat embryos in vitro. Eckardt, K; Glander, P; Schmidt, F; Shakibaei, M; Stahlmann, R, 2013)	0.78
"To study the effectiveness of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as first-line therapy combined with systemic corticosteroids in acute uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease."	( The outcomes of mycophenolate mofetil therapy combined with systemic corticosteroids in acute uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Abu El-Asrar, AM; Al-Mezaine, HS; Al-Muammar, AM; Hemachandran, S; Kangave, D, 2012)	0.38
"This exploratory study suggests de novo renal transplant patients can safely receive a treatment regimen of either full or reduced exposure CsA in combination with EC-MPS, corticosteroids and basiliximab, with no apparent difference in efficacy or graft function during the first year after transplant."	( Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in combination with full dose or reduced dose cyclosporine, basiliximab and corticosteroids in Australian de novo kidney transplant patients. Campbell, S; Chadban, S; Chapman, J; Eris, J; Hutchison, B; Ierino, F; Irish, A; Kurstjens, N; Pussell, B; Russ, G; Thomson, N; Trevillian, P; Walker, R; Woodcock, C, 2013)	0.39
" This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of alefacept compared with placebo when combined with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and corticosteroids in de novo renal transplant recipients."	( Alefacept combined with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and steroids in de novo kidney transplantation: a randomized controlled trial. Charpentier, B; First, R; Franks, B; Glyda, M; Hettich, F; Holman, JM; Houbiers, JG; Rigotti, P; Rostaing, L, 2013)	0.39
" Our data indicate that the concentration of MPA should be monitored in clinical therapy when EC-MPS is combined with different calcineurin inhibitors to reduce acute allograft rejection and avoid adverse events."	( Cyclosporine A and tacrolimus combined with enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium influence the plasma mycophenolic acid concentration - a randomised controlled trial in Chinese live related donor kidney transplant recipients. Chen, JH; Chen, Y; Huang, HF; Shen-Tu, JZ; Xie, WQ; Yao, X, 2014)	0.62
" Several studies have already used RAD001 in combination with calcineurin inhibitors after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)."	( Everolimus in combination with mycophenolate mofetil as pre- and post-transplantation immunosuppression after nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in canine littermates. Junghanss, C; Killian, D; Knuebel, G; Knueppel, A; Lange, S; Lindner, I; Machka, C; Murua Escobar, H; Roolf, C; Vogel, H; Wacke, R; Werner, J, 2014)	0.4
" Low-dose (2 mg/kg) or high-dose (5 mg/kg) ASKP1240, in combination with mycophenolate mofetil (15 mg/kg) or tacrolimus (1 mg/kg), showed a significantly longer allograft survival time compared with monotherapy groups."	( Effects of ASKP1240 combined with tacrolimus or mycophenolate mofetil on renal allograft survival in Cynomolgus monkeys. Bai, J; Chen, H; Daloze, P; Dun, H; Hu, Y; Kinugasa, F; Ma, A; Miura, T; Miyao, Y; Okimura, K; Song, L; Sudo, Y; Zeng, L; Zhang, G, 2014)	0.4
"The present study indicates that ASKP1240, alone or in combination with other immunosuppressive drugs, could be a promising antirejection agent in organ transplantation."	( Effects of ASKP1240 combined with tacrolimus or mycophenolate mofetil on renal allograft survival in Cynomolgus monkeys. Bai, J; Chen, H; Daloze, P; Dun, H; Hu, Y; Kinugasa, F; Ma, A; Miura, T; Miyao, Y; Okimura, K; Song, L; Sudo, Y; Zeng, L; Zhang, G, 2014)	0.4
" To assess the clinical significance of anti-SLA/LP Abs alone or in combination with anti-Ro52 in AIH patients and determine the immunodominant Ro52 epitopes according to the anti-SLA/LP status."	( Anti-SLA/LP alone or in combination with anti-Ro52 and fine specificity of anti-Ro52 antibodies in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Bogdanos, DP; Dalekos, GN; Gampeta, S; Gatselis, NK; Goulis, J; Manoussakis, MN; Oikonomou, K; Renaudineau, Y; Zachou, K, 2015)	0.42
" We aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics of a reduced dose of MMF and to validate its feasibility in combination with tacrolimus in living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT)."	( Safety of reduced dose of mycophenolate mofetil combined with tacrolimus in living-donor liver transplantation. Choi, Y; Hong, G; Jeong, J; Kim, H; Kim, J; Lee, HW; Lee, J; Lee, JM; Lee, KW; Moon, MR; Park, MS; Suh, KS; Suh, SW; Yi, NJ; You, TS, 2014)	0.4
" However, reducing the dose of MMF combined with a low level of tacrolimus was feasible clinically, with an excellent short-term outcome in LDLT."	( Safety of reduced dose of mycophenolate mofetil combined with tacrolimus in living-donor liver transplantation. Choi, Y; Hong, G; Jeong, J; Kim, H; Kim, J; Lee, HW; Lee, J; Lee, JM; Lee, KW; Moon, MR; Park, MS; Suh, KS; Suh, SW; Yi, NJ; You, TS, 2014)	0.4
"A lower exposure of mycophenolic acid (MPA) in patients receiving MPA-mofetil in combination with cyclosporin A (CsA) is thought to be due to the inhibition of enterohepatic circulation of phenyl-glucuronide of MPA (MPAG)."	( Modeling approach for multiple transporters-mediated drug-drug interactions in sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes: effect of cyclosporin A on hepatic disposition of mycophenolic acid phenyl-glucuronide. Imawaka, H; Matsunaga, N; Nakanishi, T; Ogawa, M; Suzuki, K; Tamai, I, 2015)	0.94
"The efficacy of double-filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP), combined with methylprednisolone, to treat diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (LN) was studied."	( Therapeutic effect of double-filtration plasmapheresis combined with methylprednisolone to treat diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis. Chen, X; Gao, Y; Li, M; Qiu, Q; Wang, Y; Wei, R; Zhang, L; Zhang, X, 2016)	0.43
" The patients in the treatment group were first treated with DFPP combined with methylprednisolone (0."	( Therapeutic effect of double-filtration plasmapheresis combined with methylprednisolone to treat diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis. Chen, X; Gao, Y; Li, M; Qiu, Q; Wang, Y; Wei, R; Zhang, L; Zhang, X, 2016)	0.43
"Appropriate application of DFPP combined with glucocorticoid therapy could accelerate the remission of diffuse proliferative LN, reduce overall glucocorticoid dosage, prevent recurrence, and maintain C3 level in a higher level."	( Therapeutic effect of double-filtration plasmapheresis combined with methylprednisolone to treat diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis. Chen, X; Gao, Y; Li, M; Qiu, Q; Wang, Y; Wei, R; Zhang, L; Zhang, X, 2016)	0.43
"A number of studies have provided information regarding the risks and benefits of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTOR-I) combined with calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) versus mycophenolic acid (MPA)."	( mTOR inhibitor versus mycophenolic acid as the primary immunosuppression regime combined with calcineurin inhibitor for kidney transplant recipients: a meta-analysis. Chen, J; Jiang, Y; Lai, X; Shou, Z; Xiang, S; Xie, X, 2015)	0.92
" Randomized controlled trials comparing mTOR-I to MPA as the primary immunosuppressive regimen in combination with CNI were selected and meta-analyzed."	( mTOR inhibitor versus mycophenolic acid as the primary immunosuppression regime combined with calcineurin inhibitor for kidney transplant recipients: a meta-analysis. Chen, J; Jiang, Y; Lai, X; Shou, Z; Xiang, S; Xie, X, 2015)	0.73
" Notably, mTOR-I had an increased risk of graft loss when combined with CNI, even when combined with a reduced dose of CNI."	( mTOR inhibitor versus mycophenolic acid as the primary immunosuppression regime combined with calcineurin inhibitor for kidney transplant recipients: a meta-analysis. Chen, J; Jiang, Y; Lai, X; Shou, Z; Xiang, S; Xie, X, 2015)	0.73
"To compare the characteristics of the enteric-coated formulation of mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS, myfortic) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, CellCept) given in combination with tacrolimus in Asian renal-transplant recipients."	( Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium given in combination with tacrolimus has a lower incidence of serious infections in Asian renal-transplant recipients compared with mycophenolate mofetil. Bow, LM; Feng, JJ; Tian, J; Zhang, LW; Zhao, P, 2015)	0.42
"Enteric-coated formulation of mycophenolate sodium, given in combination with tacrolimus, has a lower incidence of serious infection in Asian renal-transplant recipients compared with MMF, and the therapeutic effect of EC-MPS is similar to MMF."	( Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium given in combination with tacrolimus has a lower incidence of serious infections in Asian renal-transplant recipients compared with mycophenolate mofetil. Bow, LM; Feng, JJ; Tian, J; Zhang, LW; Zhao, P, 2015)	0.42
" This chart review evaluated the use of methotrexate alone and in combination with 7 other systemic therapies in 48 patients with palmoplantar psoriasis."	( The Use of Methotrexate, Alone or in Combination With Other Therapies, for the Treatment of Palmoplantar Psoriasis. Klufas, DM; Strober, BE; Wald, JM, 2015)	0.42
"To compare the therapeutic effects of prednisone combined with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) versus cyclosporin A (CsA) in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS)."	( [Comparison of therapeutic effects of prednisone combined with mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclosporin A in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome]. Ding, YF; Duan, CR; Li, ZH; Lin, Z; Wu, TH; Xun, M; Yin, Y; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y, 2016)	0.43
"The clinical data of 164 SRNS children who were treated with prednisone combined with MMF or CsA between January 2004 and December 2013 were collected, and the clinical effect of prednisone combined with MMF (MMF group, 112 children) or CsA (CsA group, 52 children) was analyzed retrospectively."	( [Comparison of therapeutic effects of prednisone combined with mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclosporin A in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome]. Ding, YF; Duan, CR; Li, ZH; Lin, Z; Wu, TH; Xun, M; Yin, Y; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y, 2016)	0.43
"Prednisone combined with MMF or CsA is effective and safe for the treatment of SRNS in children, and within 3 months of treatment, CsA has a better effect than MMF."	( [Comparison of therapeutic effects of prednisone combined with mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclosporin A in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome]. Ding, YF; Duan, CR; Li, ZH; Lin, Z; Wu, TH; Xun, M; Yin, Y; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y, 2016)	0.43
"To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as first-line therapy combined with systemic corticosteroids in initial-onset acute uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease."	( Mycophenolate mofetil combined with systemic corticosteroids prevents progression to chronic recurrent inflammation and development of 'sunset glow fundus' in initial-onset acute uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Abu El-Asrar, AM; Al-Muammar, A; Dosari, M; Gikandi, PW; Hemachandran, S, 2017)	0.46
"Use of MMF as first-line therapy combined with systemic corticosteroids in patients with initial-onset acute VKH disease prevents progression to chronic recurrent granulomatous inflammation and development of 'sunset glow fundus'."	( Mycophenolate mofetil combined with systemic corticosteroids prevents progression to chronic recurrent inflammation and development of 'sunset glow fundus' in initial-onset acute uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Abu El-Asrar, AM; Al-Muammar, A; Dosari, M; Gikandi, PW; Hemachandran, S, 2017)	0.46
"Our objectives were to compare the clinical outcomes of mizoribine (12 mg/kg/d) and mycophenolate mofetil (2000 mg/d) in combination with tacrolimus, basiliximab, and corticosteroids."	( A Prospective Randomized, Comparative Trial of High-Dose Mizoribine Versus Mycophenolate Mofetil in Combination With Tacrolimus and Basiliximab for Living Donor Renal Transplant: A Multicenter Trial. Akiyama, T; Amada, N; Chikaraishi, T; Ishida, H; Takahara, S; Takahashi, K; Tanabe, K; Toma, H; Tomikawa, S; Uchida, K, 2016)	0.43
" This prospective multi-institutional randomized comparative study compared mizoribine (n = 41) and mycophenolate mofetil (n = 42) in combination with tacrolimus, basiliximab, and corticosteroids for living-donor renal transplant recipients."	( A Prospective Randomized, Comparative Trial of High-Dose Mizoribine Versus Mycophenolate Mofetil in Combination With Tacrolimus and Basiliximab for Living Donor Renal Transplant: A Multicenter Trial. Akiyama, T; Amada, N; Chikaraishi, T; Ishida, H; Takahara, S; Takahashi, K; Tanabe, K; Toma, H; Tomikawa, S; Uchida, K, 2016)	0.43
" We examined the efficacy and safety of MMF in its different forms combined with tacrolimus in kidney transplant recipients."	( Low-dose mycophenolate mofetil in tablet form or capsule form combined with tacrolimus in the early period after kidney transplantation: a prospective randomized trial . Cho, BH; Cho, HR; Huh, KH; Ju, MK; Kim, CD; Kim, YS; Lee, DR; Lee, JJ; Lee, S; Lee, SH; Oh, CK; Park, JW; So, BJ, 2016)	0.43
"Low-dose MMF in tablet form combined with tacrolimus can be considered as an efficacious and safe immunosuppressive regimen in the early period after kidney transplantation."	( Low-dose mycophenolate mofetil in tablet form or capsule form combined with tacrolimus in the early period after kidney transplantation: a prospective randomized trial . Cho, BH; Cho, HR; Huh, KH; Ju, MK; Kim, CD; Kim, YS; Lee, DR; Lee, JJ; Lee, S; Lee, SH; Oh, CK; Park, JW; So, BJ, 2016)	0.43
" The authors used appropriate linear regression univariate models and created 5 different multivariate models to examine individual drug-drug interactions (DDIs)."	( A Retrospective Study on Mycophenolic Acid Drug Interactions: Effect of Prednisone, Sirolimus, and Tacrolimus With MPA. Alvarez-Elías, AC; Filler, G; Singh, RN; Todorova, EK; Yoo, EC, 2017)	0.76
"No drug-drug interaction study has been conducted to date for the combination of ombitasvir, paritaprevir/ritonavir, dasabuvir (3D), and mycophenolic acid (MPA)."	( Managing Drug-Drug Interaction Between Ombitasvir, Paritaprevir/Ritonavir, Dasabuvir, and Mycophenolate Mofetil. Bellissant, E; Ben Ali, Z; Boglione-Kerrien, C; Guyader, D; Jezequel, C; Lemaitre, F; Tron, C; Verdier, MC, 2017)	0.66
"We randomly assigned 158 renal transplant patients to receive low-dose SRL or MMF in combination with ER-TAC and corticosteroid."	( De novo low-dose sirolimus versus mycophenolate mofetil in combination with extended-release tacrolimus in kidney transplant recipients: a multicentre, open-label, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority trial. Cho, HR; Ha, J; Huh, KH; Ju, MK; Jung, CW; Kim, CD; Kim, YS; Lee, JG; Lim, BJ; Oh, CK, 2017)	0.46
"We prospectively enrolled 215 newly diagnosed patients with IgG4-RD, who were initially treated with glucocorticoid (GC) alone or in combination with immunosuppressive agents (IM), and had at least 6 months of follow up."	( Failure of remission induction by glucocorticoids alone or in combination with immunosuppressive agents in IgG4-related disease: a prospective study of 215 patients. Fei, Y; Feng, R; Lai, Y; Peng, L; Wang, L; Wang, M; Zeng, X; Zhang, F; Zhang, P; Zhang, W; Zhang, X; Zhao, Y, 2018)	0.48
"MMF in combination with tacrolimus induced S-phase cell-cycle arrest and markedly inhibited HT-29 cell proliferation."	( Mycophenolate Mofetil Alone and in Combination with Tacrolimus Inhibits the Proliferation of HT-29 Human Colonic Adenocarcinoma Cell Line and Might Interfere with Colonic Tumorigenesis. Lamprecht, S; Ling, E; Ling, G; Osyntsov, L; Pinsk, I; Pinsk, V; Shubinsky, G; Yerushalmi, B, 2018)	0.48
"Tacrolimus is the mainstay calcineurin inhibitor frequently administered with mycophenolic acid with or without corticosteroids to prevent graft rejection in adult kidney transplant recipients."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Immediate-Release Oral Tacrolimus Co-administered with Mycophenolate Mofetil in Corticosteroid-Free Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients. Ensom, MHH; Kiang, TKL; Mayo, P; Rong, Y, 2019)	0.74
"The study was designed to compare the outcomes of sirolimus (SRL) combined with tacrolimus (TAC) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) combined with TAC in kidney transplantation recipients."	( Comparison of Sirolimus Combined With Tacrolimus and Mycophenolate Mofetil Combined With Tacrolimus in Kidney Transplantation Recipients: A Meta-Analysis. Cheng, H; Gao, L; Liu, J; Xu, F, 2018)	0.48
"This meta-analysis suggested that SRL combined with TAC and MMF combined with TAC were equally safe and effective for the kidney transplantation recipients."	( Comparison of Sirolimus Combined With Tacrolimus and Mycophenolate Mofetil Combined With Tacrolimus in Kidney Transplantation Recipients: A Meta-Analysis. Cheng, H; Gao, L; Liu, J; Xu, F, 2018)	0.48
"To study the clinical effect and safety of tacrolimus (TAC) combined with glucocorticoid (GC) versus mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) combined with GC in the treatment of primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in children."	( [Clinical effect of tacrolimus combined with glucocorticoid in the treatment of IgA nephropathy in children]. Cheng, YB; Dou, WJ; Jia, LM; Tan, WX; Wang, Q; Zhang, JJ; Zhang, L; Zhao, F, 2019)	0.51
"TAC combined with GC can effectively reduce urinary protein in children with primary IgAN, and it has a better short-term clinical effect than MMF combined with GC, with good safety."	( [Clinical effect of tacrolimus combined with glucocorticoid in the treatment of IgA nephropathy in children]. Cheng, YB; Dou, WJ; Jia, LM; Tan, WX; Wang, Q; Zhang, JJ; Zhang, L; Zhao, F, 2019)	0.51
" In addition, due to its complex PKs, MPA is prone to inadvertently develop PK drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with many agents, some of which are commonly used in organ transplant recipients."	( Mycophenolic Acid and Its Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interactions in Humans: Review of the Evidence and Clinical Implications. Benjanuwattra, J; Koonrungsesomboon, N; Pruksakorn, D, 2020)	2
" The present study was designed to explore the inhibitory effects of tacrolimus (TAC) combined with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on the proliferation of mesangial cells based on the cell cycle."	( Evaluation of the inhibitory effect of tacrolimus combined with mycophenolate mofetil on mesangial cell proliferation based on the cell cycle. Gao, Y; Li, R; Tian, J; Wang, Y; Yang, H; Zhou, X, 2020)	0.56
" The authors evaluated MPA concentrations in heart transplant recipients obtained by FICA, high-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT)."	( Comparison of a Point-of-Care Testing with Enzyme-Multiplied Immunoassay Technique and Liquid Chromatography Combined With Tandem Mass Spectrometry Methods for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Mycophenolic Acid: A Preliminary Study. Cai, J; Han, Y; Wang, Y; Xiang, H; Zhang, M; Zhang, Y; Zhou, H, 2021)	0.81
"This study assessed the long-term (10-year) tolerability and efficacy of a low-dose corticosteroid combined with mycophenolate mofetil (CS + MMF) in the treatment of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) with stage 3/4 chronic kidney disease and proteinuria in clinical practice in China."	( Low-Dose Corticosteroid Combined With Mycophenolate Mofetil for IgA Nephropathy With Stage 3 or 4 CKD: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Bai, M; Ma, F; Sun, S; Zhao, J, 2021)	0.62
"The standard regimens for graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis in matched unrelated donor (MUD) transplantation were based on antithymocyte globulin (ATG) in combination with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs)."	( Low-dose antithymocyte globulin plus low-dose posttransplant cyclophosphamide combined with cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil for prevention of graft-versus-host disease after HLA-matched unrelated donor peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Cai, Y; Ding, X; Huang, C; Qiu, H; Song, X; Sun, X; Tong, Y; Wan, L; Xu, X; Yang, J; Zhou, K, 2021)	0.62
" We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus and corticosteroid in combination with or without mycophenolate mofetil in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) recipients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV)."	( A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Tacrolimus and Corticosteroids in Combination With or Without Mycophenolate Mofetil in Liver Transplantation Recipients Infected With Hepatitis B Virus. Choi, NG; Choi, ST; Chu, CW; Chung, YK; Ha, TY; Hwang, S; Jung, BH; Jung, DH; Kim, KK; Lee, SG; Moon, DB; Park, JI; Ryu, JH; Shin, MH; Song, GW; Yang, K; Yoon, YI, 2023)	0.91

Bioavailability

The potential bioavailability improvement of mycophenolic acid (MPA), 1, through ester derivatization was evaluated in monkeys at a dose of 20 mg/kg in this study. Mycophenolate mofetil has an increased bioavailability as compared to mycopenolic acid and thereby an improved therapeutic window.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The potential bioavailability improvement of mycophenolic acid (MPA), 1, through ester derivatization was evaluated in monkeys at a dose of 20 mg/kg in this study."	( Bioavailability improvement of mycophenolic acid through amino ester derivatization. Chu, N; Gu, L; Lee, WA; Leung, K; Miksztal, AR; Nelson, PH, 1990)	0.82
" The insignificant difference in the area under the curve between the two dosage routes infers that the bioavailability of RS-61443-derived MPA by the former route of administration is comparable to the latter."	( Single-dose pharmacokinetics of the new immunosuppressant RS-61443 in the rabbit. Keenan, R; LeGatt, DF; Yatscoff, RW, 1993)	0.29
" A prodrug of MPA, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), was developed to improve bioavailability on oral administration."	( From mice to man: the preclinical history of mycophenolate mofetil. Sollinger, HW, 1996)	0.29
" The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) from time 0 to 24 hours was statistically higher for intravenous than for oral administration, but total AUC showed statistical equivalence (80-120 rule), with mean bioavailability of MPA from oral administration of MMF estimated as 94."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of mycophenolate mofetil in healthy subjects after single-dose oral and intravenous administration. Bullingham, R; Hale, M; Monroe, S; Nicholls, A, 1996)	0.29
" The absolute bioavailability of mycophenolic acid is 94% for oral administration; the maximum plasma concentration occurs after two hours."	( Mycophenolate mofetil: a unique immunosuppressive agent. Hood, KA; Zarembski, DG, 1997)	0.58
" The bioavailability of mycophenolic acid, the active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil, has been reported to be reduced by aluminium/magnesium hydroxide-containing antacids and cholestyramine."	( Clinically significant drug interactions with new immunosuppressive agents. Mignat, C, 1997)	0.6
" Area-under-the-curve values were calculated for each drug to assess if there was a reciprocal effect on the respective bioavailability of each."	( Unexpected augmentation of mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in renal transplant patients receiving tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil in combination therapy, and analogous in vitro findings. Burke, G; Ciancio, G; de Faria, L; Esquenazi, V; Miller, J; Rosen, A; Roth, D; Tsaroucha, A; Tzakis, A; Zucker, K, 1997)	0.59
" Toxicity and the bioavailability of MMF in this setting were investigated."	( Mycophenolate mofetil and cyclosporine as graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis after allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation. Bornhäuser, M; Ehninger, G; Geissler, G; Naumann, R; Pörksen, G; Schuler, U; Schwerdtfeger, R; Thiede, C; Thiede, HM, 1999)	0.3
" Reduced peak levels of MPA indicate a reduced absorption rate of MMF in the early posttransplant phase."	( Mycophenolate mofetil and cyclosporine as graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis after allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation. Bornhäuser, M; Ehninger, G; Geissler, G; Naumann, R; Pörksen, G; Schuler, U; Schwerdtfeger, R; Thiede, C; Thiede, HM, 1999)	0.3
" Because of the decreased bioavailability of MMF, dose-finding studies for an intravenous formulation are warranted."	( Mycophenolate mofetil and cyclosporine as graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis after allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation. Bornhäuser, M; Ehninger, G; Geissler, G; Naumann, R; Pörksen, G; Schuler, U; Schwerdtfeger, R; Thiede, C; Thiede, HM, 1999)	0.3
" MMF was designed to enhance the oral bioavailability of the parent compound."	( Mizoribine and mycophenolate mofetil. Ishikawa, H, 1999)	0.3
" Mycophenolate mofetil has an increased bioavailability as compared to mycophenolic acid and thereby an improved therapeutic window."	( [Mycophenolate mofetil: a new immunosuppressive drug in dermatology and its possible uses]. Geilen, CC; Offermann, G; Orfanos, CE; Orfanos-Boeckel, H, 2000)	0.54
" This study aims to determine whether an antibiotic regimen with activity against such organisms reduces the bioavailability of MMF by impairing enterohepatic cycling."	( The effect of selective bowel decontamination on the pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil in liver transplant recipients. Hansen, BA; Nørrelykke, MR; Poulsen, HE; Rasmussen, A; Schmidt, LE, 2001)	0.31
" It was recently shown that in vitro calcineurin inhibitors alter the bioavailability of MPA by dose-dependent inhibition of MPA glucuronidation."	( Effect of cyclosporine on mycophenolic acid area under the concentration-time curve in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Delisle, B; Filler, G; Lepage, N; Mai, I, 2001)	0.61
"As a part of a steroid-sparing clinical trial, we studied the effect of steroids on MPA bioavailability in 26 kidney transplant recipients."	( Glucocorticoids interfere with mycophenolate mofetil bioavailability in kidney transplantation. Cattaneo, D; Gaspari, F; Gotti, E; Perico, N; Remuzzi, G, 2002)	0.31
" Oral bioavailability of tacrolimus, which is variable between patients, averages approximately 25%."	( Pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus-based combination therapies. Undre, NA, 2003)	0.32
" Bioavailability of cyclosporin (CsA) has been implicated as a possible contributing factor."	( Effect of cyclosporin pharmacokinetics on renal allograft outcome in African-Americans. Browne, BJ; Emovon, OE; Holt, CO; Howell, D; King, JA; Singleton, B, 2003)	0.32
"There were no notable differences in group demographics, but a somewhat less favorable course occurred in group C, despite higher bioavailability of sirolimus in group C versus group A (P<0."	( A randomized long-term trial of tacrolimus and sirolimus versus tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclosporine (NEORAL) and sirolimus in renal transplantation. I. Drug interactions and rejection at one year. Burke, GW; Ciancio, G; Gaynor, JJ; Kupin, W; Mattiazzi, A; Miller, J; Nicolas, M; Rosen, A; Roth, D; Ruiz, P, 2004)	0.32
" This open label, balanced randomized, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence, single-dose, crossover, comparative oral bioavailability study was conducted in non-smoking adult male healthy volunteers between the ages of 18 and 45 years."	( The role of generics in transplantation: TM-MMF versus Cellcept in healthy volunteers. Andrysek, T; Masri, MA; Matha, V; Rizk, S, )	0.13
" The applicability of this method to pharmacokinetic studies was established after successful application during a 34-subject bioavailability study."	( Determination of mycophenolic acid in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. Dasgupta, AK; Joshi, P; Kale, P; Modi, H; Patel, J; Patel, M; Soni, D; Soni, G; Srivatsan, V; Verma, R, 2004)	0.66
" Model-independent pharmacokinetic parameters for tacrolimus were calculated and dose-corrected when appropriate: AUC12, peak plasma concentration (Cmax), pre-dose trough concentration (C0), time to Cmax, average steady-state blood concentration, steady-state total body clearance, terminal half-life, volume of distribution and an estimate for tacrolimus bioavailability was derived from additional steady-state intravenous clearance data."	( Time-related clinical determinants of long-term tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in combination therapy with mycophenolic acid and corticosteroids: a prospective study in one hundred de novo renal transplant recipients. Claes, K; Coosemans, W; Evenepoel, P; Kuypers, DR; Maes, B; Pirenne, J; Vanrenterghem, Y, 2004)	0.54
" Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus and everolimus, however, have all been described to exhibit ethnicity-specific differences in bioavailability and/or dose-adjusted systemic exposure, although currently available reports are controversial for some of these drugs."	( Pharmacokinetics of immunosuppressants: a perspective on ethnic differences. Dirks, NL; Huth, B; Meibohm, B; Yates, CR, 2004)	0.32
" A single-center, open-label, randomized, three-way crossover study of 24 stable Caucasian renal transplant patients receiving cyclosporine-based immunosuppression, compared the relative bioavailability of two EC-MPS doses (640 and 720 mg) with MMF (1000 mg)."	( Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium delivers bioequivalent MPA exposure compared with mycophenolate mofetil. Arns, W; Binder, V; Breuer, S; Choudhury, S; Lee, J; Roettele, J; Schmouder, R; Taccard, G, 2005)	0.33
" Poor oral bioavailability observed in rhesus monkeys may be due to the labile glycosidic bond, and special formulation may be necessary for oral delivery."	( Mechanism of anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of beta-D-6-cyclopropylamino-2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine. Anderson, KS; Bozeman, C; Cheng, YC; Chu, CK; Dutschman, GE; Gullen, E; Hernandez-Santiago, BI; Hurwitz, S; Mathew, JS; McClure, H; Murakami, E; Ray, AS; Schinazi, RF; Xie, MY; Yang, Z, 2005)	0.33
" The role of renal immune cell infiltration, oxidative stress, and nitric oxide bioavailability in the pathogenesis was investigated."	( Kidney immune cell infiltration and oxidative stress contribute to prenatally programmed hypertension. Jung, FF; Manning, J; Stewart, T; Vehaskari, VM, 2005)	0.33
" Nitric oxide bioavailability does not appear impaired."	( Kidney immune cell infiltration and oxidative stress contribute to prenatally programmed hypertension. Jung, FF; Manning, J; Stewart, T; Vehaskari, VM, 2005)	0.33
" The absolute bioavailability of EC mycophenolate sodium is 72%."	( Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium for transplant immunosuppression. Ingle, GR; Shah, T, 2005)	0.33
" Lower trough concentrations and bioavailability have been reported with oral MMF in first week after LTx."	( Intravenous mycophenolate mofetil with low-dose oral tacrolimus and steroid induction for live donor liver transplantation. Abt, P; Bozorgzadeh, A; Burlee, K; Jain, A; Kashyap, R; Kelley, M; Mohanka, R; Orloff, M, 2005)	0.33
"The low and highly variable oral bioavailability of the immunosuppressant sirolimus is thought to result partly from genetic polymorphism of the CYP3A5 gene."	( CYP3A5*3 influences sirolimus oral clearance in de novo and stable renal transplant recipients. Djebli, N; Hoizey, G; Le Meur, Y; Marquet, P; Rérolle, JP; Szelag, JC; Toupance, O, 2006)	0.33
"Two studies were undertaken to identify the absolute bioavailability and dose-proportionality of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in stable renal transplant patients receiving cyclosporine."	( Absorption characteristics of EC-MPS--an enteric-coated formulation of mycophenolic sodium. Arns, W; Choi, L; Cooper, P; Gies, M; Graf, P; Prasad, P; Schmouder, R; Yeh, CM; Zhu, W, 2006)	0.33
"In patients receiving cyclosporine the absolute bioavailability of MPA provided by enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium is equivalent to that provided by mycophenolate mofetil when administered in combination with cyclosporine, and exhibits dose-proportionality."	( Absorption characteristics of EC-MPS--an enteric-coated formulation of mycophenolic sodium. Arns, W; Choi, L; Cooper, P; Gies, M; Graf, P; Prasad, P; Schmouder, R; Yeh, CM; Zhu, W, 2006)	0.33
" The initial formulation of the drug was a prodrug formulation, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, Cellcept), which is well absorbed and rapidly converted to mycophenolate in plasma."	( Bioequivalence of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium and mycophenolate mofetil: a meta-analysis of three studies in stable renal transplant recipients. He, X; Holt, DW; Johnston, A, 2006)	0.33
"This study determined the oral bioavailability of mycophenolic acid, the active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil, in patients undergoing nonmyeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation."	( Highly variable mycophenolate mofetil bioavailability following nonmyeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation. Brunstein, C; DeFor, T; Ebeling, B; Green, K; Jacobson, P; McGlave, P; Rogosheske, J; Weisdorf, D, 2007)	0.59
" Oral bioavailability of MPA, subsequent to mycophenolate mofetil administration, ranges from 80."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mycophenolate in solid organ transplant recipients. Staatz, CE; Tett, SE, 2007)	0.34
" It had a balanced randomized, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence, single-dose, crossover, comparative oral bioavailability design in adult healthy human volunteers."	( Bioavailability of a new generic formulation of mycophenolate mofetil MMF 500 versus CellCept in healthy adult volunteers. Attia, ML; Barbouch, H; Masri, MA; Rizk, S; Rost, M, 2007)	0.34
"The bioavailability of mycophenolic acid (MPA) after oral administration of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been reported to be more than 90% in healthy volunteers, and in kidney and thoracic organ transplant patients."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in liver transplant patients after intravenous and oral administration of mycophenolate mofetil. Abt, P; Batzold, P; Bozorgzadeh, A; Jain, A; Kashyap, R; Kwong, T; Mack, C; Mohanka, R; Orloff, M; Tsoulfas, G; Venkataramanan, R; Williamson, M, 2007)	0.97
" Human oral bioavailability is an important pharmacokinetic property, which is directly related to the amount of drug available in the systemic circulation to exert pharmacological and therapeutic effects."	( Hologram QSAR model for the prediction of human oral bioavailability. Andricopulo, AD; Moda, TL; Montanari, CA, 2007)	0.34
"Pharmacokinetic data were obtained from two comparative bioavailability studies of oral mycophenolic mofetil formulations."	( Population pharmacokinetic modelling for enterohepatic circulation of mycophenolic acid in healthy Chinese and the influence of polymorphisms in UGT1A9. Ding, JJ; Jiao, Z; Liang, HQ; Lu, WY; Shen, J; Wang, Y; Zhong, LJ; Zhong, MK, 2008)	0.58
" This review focuses on the polymorphism of genes that encode enzymes of the uridino-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) family, responsible for the bioavailability of mycophenolic acid, the active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), used as an immunosuppressant in solid organ transplantation."	( Pharmacogenetics of mycophenolate mofetil: a promising different approach to tailoring immunosuppression? Abudd-Filho, M; Betonico, GN; Goloni-Bertollo, EM; Pavarino-Bertelli, E, )	0.33
" The relative bioavailability was 96."	( High-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of mycophenolic acid in human plasma and application to a pharmacokinetic study of mycophenolic acid dispersible tablet. Xiang, BR; Zhang, J; Zhang, W, 2008)	0.58
" To conclude, the bicompartmental model with gamma absorption rate gave the best fit."	( Comparison of 3 estimation methods of mycophenolic acid AUC based on a limited sampling strategy in renal transplant patients. Audard, V; Barau, C; Blanchet, B; Durrbach, A; Furlan, V; Grimbert, P; Hulin, A; Lang, P; Taïeb, F; Tod, M, 2009)	0.62
"In the setting of a controlled clinical study, the co-administration of GFJ with FK506 increased the bioavailability of FK506."	( Co-administration of grapefruit juice increases bioavailability of tacrolimus in liver transplant patients: a prospective study. Liu, C; Liu, XM; Lv, Y; Ma, F; Shang, YF; Wang, B; Wu, Z; Yu, L; Zhang, XF; Zhang, XG, 2009)	0.35
"The influence of pantoprazole 40 mg twice daily on the bioavailability of a single dose of mycophenolate mofetil 1000 mg or enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium is investigated in healthy volunteers."	( Bioavailability of mycophenolate mofetil and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium is differentially affected by pantoprazole in healthy volunteers. Bucher, M; Faerber, L; Fischer, W; Kees, F; Raspé, A; Rupprecht, K; Schmidt, C; Schweda, F; Shipkova, M, 2009)	0.35
" Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a prodrug of MPA that was developed to improve the bioavailability of MPA."	( Mycophenolate mofetil: An update. Hidalgo, M; Jimeno, A; Villarroel, MC, 2009)	0.35
" Due to the number of patients required to achieve sufficient statistical power, to test the therapeutic equivalence of two formulations of the same drug with the same bioavailability is an unrealistic goal."	( Bioequivalence testing of immunosuppressants: concepts and misconceptions. Christians, U; Clavijo, CF; Klawitter, J, 2010)	0.36
" The mean (SD) relative bioavailability was 101."	( Bioequivalence and pharmacokinetic comparison of two mycophenolate mofetil formulations in healthy Chinese male volunteers: an open-label, randomized-sequence, single-dose, two-way crossover study. Tao, Y; Zhang, Q; Zhu, D; Zhu, Y, 2010)	0.36
" This approach is extremely useful for studies aimed at examining the bioavailability of mycophenolate mofetil in different ethnic populations within India."	( Mycophenolic acid estimation by pooled sampling: a novel strategy. Basu, G; Chandy, SJ; Fleming, DH; John, GT; Mathew, BS; Prasanna, S, 2010)	1.8
" Moreover, Cmax/AUC shows interesting features as a putative metric to evaluate the absorption rate of highly variable drugs like mycophenolate mofetil."	( Comparative bioavailability of two oral formulations of mycophenolate mofetil in healthy adult Uruguayan subjects: a case of highly variable rate of drug absorption. Cedres, M; Estevez-Carrizo, FE; Estevez-Parrillo, FT; Parrillo, S; Rodriguez, P, 2010)	0.36
" A two-compartment population pharmacokinetic model estimating oral clearance, between-patient variability in oral clearance, central volume of distribution, and residual variability in combination with historical estimates of first-order absorption rate constant, intercompartmental clearance, and peripheral volume of distribution adequately described the sparse MPA data."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of mycophenolic acid coadministered with either tasocitinib (CP-690,550) or tacrolimus in adult renal allograft recipients. Busque, S; Chan, G; Krishnaswami, S; Lamba, M; Melcher, M; Tafti, B, 2010)	0.63
" Bioavailability decreased with increasing MMF doses."	( Nonlinear relationship between mycophenolate mofetil dose and mycophenolic acid exposure: implications for therapeutic drug monitoring. de Winter, BC; Mathot, RA; Sombogaard, F; van Gelder, T; Vulto, AG, 2011)	0.61
"In this prospective study we investigated the impact of the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) pantoprazole on the bioavailability of mycophenolic acid (MPA) after oral administration of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS; Myfortic) in heart or lung transplant recipients."	( The proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole and its interaction with enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in transplant recipients. Behr, J; Kaczmarek, I; Kofler, S; Meiser, B; Müller, T; Reichart, B; Shipkova, M; Shvets, N; Sisic, Z; Sohn, HY; Steinbeck, G; Vogeser, M; Wolf, C, 2011)	0.58
"The aims of the 2 studies reported were to assess the dissolution and bioavailability of a generic (test) and branded (reference) formulation of MMF 500 mg."	( Single-dose, two-way crossover, bioequivalence study of Mycophenolate mofetil 500 mg tablet under fasting conditions in healthy male subjects. Chauhan, V; Jha, PK; Kale, P; Maheshwari, K; Mandal, J; Mathew, P; Patel, K; Patel, S; Saptarshi, D; Shah, S, 2011)	0.37
" The bioavailability of MPA following administration of MMF or EC-MPS was similar except for the time to peak concentration, which was longer in the EC-MPS group."	( Omeprazole impairs the absorption of mycophenolate mofetil but not of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in healthy volunteers. Bucher, M; Faerber, L; Kees, F; Kees, MG; Moritz, S; Paulus, EM; Rupprecht, K; Steinke, T, 2012)	0.38
"To evaluate the relative bioavailability for an oralformulation of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (Linfonex™) compared to the reference formulation (Cellcept™) to determine the bioequivalence between both formulations."	( [Relative bioavailability study of two oral formulations of mycophenolate mofetil in healthy volunteers]. Boza T, I; Carvajal H, C; Gaete G, L; Quiñones S, L; Saavedra B, M; Saavedra S, I; Sasso A, J; Soto L, J, 2011)	0.37
" Lung transplant recipients had, on average, a 53% slower absorption rate and 50% faster MPA apparent oral clearance than kidney transplant recipients (p < 0."	( Bayesian estimation of mycophenolate mofetil in lung transplantation, using a population pharmacokinetic model developed in kidney and lung transplant recipients. de Winter, BC; Dromer, C; Estenne, M; Guillemain, R; Kessler, R; Knoop, C; Marquet, P; Monchaud, C; Pison, C; Prémaud, A; Reynaud-Gaubert, M; Rousseau, A; Stern, M, 2012)	0.38
"Lung transplant recipients have a slower MPA absorption rate and faster apparent oral clearance than kidney transplant recipients, while cystic fibrosis results in lower MPA bioavailability."	( Bayesian estimation of mycophenolate mofetil in lung transplantation, using a population pharmacokinetic model developed in kidney and lung transplant recipients. de Winter, BC; Dromer, C; Estenne, M; Guillemain, R; Kessler, R; Knoop, C; Marquet, P; Monchaud, C; Pison, C; Prémaud, A; Reynaud-Gaubert, M; Rousseau, A; Stern, M, 2012)	0.38
"The data were extracted from comparative bioavailability studies conducted in 42 healthy individuals and 37 renal transplant patients."	( The association of the UGT1A8, SLCO1B3 and ABCC2/ABCG2 genetic polymorphisms with the pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its phenolic glucuronide metabolite in Chinese individuals. Dao, YJ; Ding, JJ; Geng, F; Jiao, Z; Li, ZD; Qiu, XY; Shi, XJ; Zhong, MK, 2012)	0.59
" The data were analyzed by nonlinear mixed effect modelling, using a one compartment model with first order absorption and first order elimination and random effects on the absorption rate (k(a)), the apparent volume of distribution (V/F) and apparent clearance (CL/F)."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and dose optimization with limited sampling strategy in liver transplant children. Barau, C; Barrail-Tran, A; Debray, D; Furlan, V; Taburet, AM, 2012)	0.66
" After oral dosing, bioavailability was low (0."	( Population pharmacokinetics of unbound mycophenolic acid in adult allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation: effect of pharmacogenetic factors. Frymoyer, A; Jacobson, P; Long-Boyle, J; Verotta, D, 2013)	0.66
" EC-MPA is not absorbed in the stomach; therefore, low intragastric acidity does not impact EC-MPA and bioavailability is maintained with this formulation during PPI coadministration."	( Evaluation of potential interactions between mycophenolic acid derivatives and proton pump inhibitors. Gabardi, S; Olyaei, A, )	0.39
" Thus, the bioavailability of drugs in the eye is quite low, and successful drug delivery may well represent a key limiting factor to attaining a successful therapeutic strategy."	( Determination of Mycophenolic acid in the vitreous humor using the HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method: application of intraocular pharmacokinetics study in rabbit eyes with ophthalmic implantable device. da Silva Cunha, A; de Oliveira Fulgêncio, G; Martins Duarte Byrro, R; Pianetti, GA; Rocha Chellini, P, 2013)	0.73
"Cyclosporine exhibits pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability in renal transplant recipients (RTR) attributed to P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ABCB1 efflux transporter that influences bioavailability and intracellular distribution."	( Sex differences in cyclosporine pharmacokinetics and ABCB1 gene expression in mononuclear blood cells in African American and Caucasian renal transplant recipients. Brazeau, D; Danison, R; DiFrancesco, R; Dole, K; Gillis, K; Gundroo, A; Leca, N; Tornatore, KM; Venuto, RC; Wilding, G; Zack, J, 2013)	0.39
" Further, the bioavailability of MGC in plasma decreased as compared with mycophenolic acid."	( Effects of mycophenolic acid-glucosamine conjugates on the base of kidney targeted drug delivery. Gong, T; Lin, Y; Sun, X; Wang, X; Zeng, Y; Zhang, Z, 2013)	1.01
" At least three studies have now reported that MPA exhibits nonlinear pharmacokinetics, with bioavailability decreasing significantly with increasing doses, perhaps due to saturable absorption processes or saturable enterohepatic recirculation."	( Pharmacology and toxicology of mycophenolate in organ transplant recipients: an update. Staatz, CE; Tett, SE, 2014)	0.4
"The use of generic immunosuppressive agents is controversial, especially for the treatment of pediatric patients, as information on the bioavailability of generic immunosuppressants in children is particularly scarce."	( Bioavailability of a generic of the immunosuppressive agent mycophenolate mofetil in pediatric patients. Castañeda-Hernández, G; Cruz-Antonio, L; García-Roca, P; González-Bañuelos, J; González-Ramírez, R; Jiménez, B; Medeiros, M; Villa, Mde L, 2014)	0.4
" Oral MMF had high bioavailability in neonatal swine."	( Short-term pharmacokinetic study of mycophenolate mofetil in neonatal swine. Buff, S; Dubernard, JM; Fourier, A; Gagnieu, MC; Gazarian, A; Leveneur, O; Michallet, M; Michallet, MC; Pan, H; Roger, T; Sobh, M, 2014)	0.4
" CF patients had a slower absorption rate (Ka), and elevated CL/F and volume of distribution (Vd/F) compared with NCF patients."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in lung transplant recipients with and without cystic fibrosis. Cibrik, DM; Feng, MR; Nguyen, H; Park, JM; Smith, DE; Wang, XX, 2015)	0.7
" However, 1 suffers from suboptimal drug disposition properties resulting in a short half-life (t(1/2)), low exposure (AUC), and low bioavailability (F)."	( Synthesis and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Siderophore Biosynthesis Inhibitors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Aldrich, CC; Barry, CE; Boshoff, HI; Dawadi, S; Duckworth, BP; Nelson, KM; Viswanathan, K, 2015)	0.42
"Concerns exist over the extrapolation of bioavailability studies of generic immunosuppressive drugs in healthy volunteers, regarding their efficacy and safety in kidney transplant recipients."	( Bioavailability, Efficacy and Safety of Generic Immunosuppressive Drugs for Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gupta, NR; Jaber, BL; Raman, G; Tsipotis, E; Zintzaras, E, 2016)	0.43
"Not all generic immunosuppressive drugs have similar relative bioavailability to their brand name counterparts."	( Bioavailability, Efficacy and Safety of Generic Immunosuppressive Drugs for Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gupta, NR; Jaber, BL; Raman, G; Tsipotis, E; Zintzaras, E, 2016)	0.43
" The bioavailability and lymphatic transport of free MPA and total MPA related materials were examined following oral administration of the parent drug (MPA) and the prodrug (2-MPA-TG) to both thoracic lymph duct cannulated and intact (noncannulated) greyhound dogs."	( Lymphatic Transport and Lymphocyte Targeting of a Triglyceride Mimetic Prodrug Is Enhanced in a Large Animal Model: Studies in Greyhound Dogs. Edwards, GA; Han, S; Hu, L; Porter, CJ; Quach, T; Simpson, JS; Trevaskis, NL, 2016)	0.43
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
"The co-administration of pantoprazole substantially reduced the bioavailability of MPA in patients maintained on MMF and had the opposite effect in patients maintained on EC-MPS, and therefore, clinicians should be cognizant of this drug interaction when prescribing the different MPA formulations."	( Effect of the proton-pump Inhibitor pantoprazole on MycoPhenolic ACid exposure in kidney and liver transplant recipienTs (IMPACT study): a randomized trial. Boudville, N; Cervelli, M; Chakera, A; Chan, D; Dogra, G; Jeffrey, G; Joyce, D; Lim, WH; Ooi, E; Russ, G; Sallustio, B; Sunderland, A; Wong, G, 2020)	0.81
" Critical analyses were provided in the context of MPA absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and bioavailability in this paediatric database."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in paediatric patients. Jun, H; Kiang, TKL; Rong, Y, 2021)	0.91
" The mean (relative standard error) of popPK parameter estimates of clearance, intercompartmental clearance, central volume and absorption rate with the final model were: 21."	( Population pharmacokinetics and Bayesian estimation of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Marquet, P; Nanga, TM; Prémaud, A; Rousseau, A; Woillard, JB, 2022)	0.72

Dosage Studied

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Drug monitoring of mycophenolic acid (MPA) based on troughs may be useful for effective MMF dosing in patients with AID.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" This technique has been used to generate dose-response curves describing the effects of mycophenolic acid and pyrazofurin on individual colonies of Chinese hamster ovary cells."	( Ultrasensitive assay for ribonucleoside triphosphates in 50-1000 cells. Application to studies with pyrazofurin and mycophenolic acid. Henderson, JF; Moyer, JD, 1983)	0.7
" The persistence of mycophenolic acid in proliferating cells may account for the effectiveness of once daily dosing against rapidly growing experimental tumors."	( Pharmacodynamics of the inhibition of GTP synthesis in vivo by mycophenolic acid. Franklin, TJ; Morris, WP, 1994)	0.85
" The insignificant difference in the area under the curve between the two dosage routes infers that the bioavailability of RS-61443-derived MPA by the former route of administration is comparable to the latter."	( Single-dose pharmacokinetics of the new immunosuppressant RS-61443 in the rabbit. Keenan, R; LeGatt, DF; Yatscoff, RW, 1993)	0.29
" Blood samples were collected throughout the dosing interval."	( Pharmacodynamic assessment of mycophenolic acid-induced immunosuppression in renal transplant recipients. Halloran, PF; Langman, LJ; LeGatt, DF; Yatscoff, RW, 1996)	0.58
"The mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage and administration of mycophenolate mofetil are reviewed."	( Mycophenolate mofetil: a unique immunosuppressive agent. Hood, KA; Zarembski, DG, 1997)	0.3
" The data suggests that the measurement of the biological response may provide a useful adjunct to traditional therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for optimization of dosing of immunosuppressive drugs."	( Pharmacodynamic monitoring of mycophenolic acid in rabbit heterotopic heart transplant model. Langman, LJ; LeGatt, DF; Nakakura, H; Thliveris, JA; Yatscoff, RW, 1997)	0.59
" In eight patients who suffered from toxicity, a reduction in the dosage of tacrolimus was attempted with simultaneous MMF therapy."	( Mycophenolate mofetil added to immunosuppression after liver transplantation--first results. Bechstein, WO; Keck, H; Klupp, J; Knoop, M; Langrehr, JM; Lemmens, HP; Neuhaus, P; Neuhaus, R; Platz, KP; Pratschke, J, 1997)	0.3
"1%), whereas rejections were reduced for non-AAs receiving either MMF dosage (AZA, 35."	( Immunosuppressive therapy in high-risk transplant patients: dose-dependent efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in African-American renal allograft recipients. U.S. Renal Transplant Mycophenolate Mofetil Study Group. Neylan, JF, 1997)	0.3
"Dose-dependent prevention of acute rejection in AAs is best afforded by a dosage of MMF at 3 g/day, whereas 2 g/day provides a superior benefit/risk ratio for non-AAs."	( Immunosuppressive therapy in high-risk transplant patients: dose-dependent efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in African-American renal allograft recipients. U.S. Renal Transplant Mycophenolate Mofetil Study Group. Neylan, JF, 1997)	0.3
" The study design required dosing with less tacrolimus (mean mg/day +/- SEM), which was achieved at 1 week (23."	( Tacrolimus (FK506) and mycophenolate mofetil combination therapy versus tacrolimus in adult liver transplantation. Bynon, JS; Contreras, JL; Eckhoff, DE; Frenette, LR; Hudson, SL; McGuire, BM, 1998)	0.3
" Throughout the dosing interval, the enzyme activities parallel the respective drug concentrations."	( Pharmacodynamic monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs. Aspeslet, LJ; Gallant, HL; Yatscoff, RW, 1998)	0.3
" Dosing of MPA was 2 x 1 g/day."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil in renal transplant recipients on peritoneal dialysis. Ahnert, V; Bauer, S; Budde, K; Fritsche, L; Kuchinke, S; Lampe, D; Mai, I; Morgera, S; Neumayer, HH, 1998)	0.3
" Diminished renal function should not require preemptive adjustment of 1 gm doses of mycophenolate mofetil; however dosage adjustment may be warranted on the basis of adverse effects or toxicity in individual patients."	( The pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with varying degrees of renal function. Heim-Duthoy, KL; Johnson, HJ; Nicholls, AJ; Swan, SK; Tarnowski, T; Tsina, I, 1998)	0.3
" Further studies of the combination of FK 506 and MMF in kidney transplant recipients to further define the optimal dosing regimen are warranted."	( FK 506 and mycophenolate mofetil in renal transplant recipients: six-month results of a multicenter, randomized dose ranging trial. FK 506 MMF Dose-Ranging Kidney Transplant Study Group. Mendez, R, 1998)	0.3
" Conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus during maintenance therapy is often considered in the event of rejection or when adverse events do not respond to dosage reduction."	( Suggested guidelines for the use of tacrolimus in pancreas/kidney transplantation. Bartlett, ST; Burke, GW; Gruessner, RW; Stock, PG, 1998)	0.3
" This formulation appears to be clinically acceptable and provides a convenient dosage form for pediatric patients and for adults during the early postoperative period."	( Stability of mycophenolate mofetil as an extemporaneous suspension. Dice, JE; McCombs, JR; McGhee, B; Pisupati, J; Venkataramanan, R; Zuckerman, S, )	0.13
" The areas under the concentration-time curves (AUC0-12) of total and free MPA throughout the 12-h dosing interval in children were, in general, comparable to the corresponding data in adult patients."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and determinants of MPA free fraction in pediatric and adult renal transplant recipients. German Study group on Mycophenolate Mofetil Therapy in Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipients. Armstrong, VW; Lamersdorf, T; Mandelbaum, A; Mehls, O; Niedmann, PD; Oellerich, M; Schütz, E; Shipkova, M; Tönshoff, B; Weber, LT; Wiesel, M; Zimmerhackl, LB, 1998)	0.62
" After treatment with mycophenolate mofetil at a dosage of 2 g daily, PRA levels declined within one week to 0-5%, and remained low after discontinuation of the immunosuppressive drug."	( Suppression of panel-reactive antibodies by treatment with mycophenolate mofetil. Baba, HA; Cassens, U; Garritsen, HS; Kelsch, R; Scheld, HH; Schmid, C; Sibrowski, W, 1998)	0.3
" Throughout the dosing interval, enzyme activity parallels that of drug concentrations."	( The monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs: a pharmacodynamic approach. Aspeslet, LJ; Yatscoff, RW, 1998)	0.3
" MMF was administered orally in both monotherapy and combination therapy for 14 days in a dosage of 40 mg/kg body weight, and CSA was administered, likewise for 14 days, in an intramuscular dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight."	( Effect of mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporin A, and both in combination in a murine corneal graft rejection model. Braunstein, C; Godehardt, E; Reinhard, T; Reis, A; Sundmacher, R, 1998)	0.3
" The differences in concentrations were higher in the middle of a dosage interval, suggesting that a metabolite might have been responsible for overestimation."	( Evaluation of an immunoassay (EMIT) for mycophenolic acid in plasma from renal transplant recipients compared with a high-performance liquid chromatography assay. Beal, JL; Jones, CE; Taylor, PJ; Tett, SE, 1998)	0.57
"Our results, to our knowledge, demonstrate for the first time that rejection can be significantly delayed in a large-animal composite tissue allograft model including skin using only orally administered agents dosed according to clinically relevant strategies without significant drug-specific systemic side effects."	( Long-term composite tissue allograft survival in a porcine model with cyclosporine/mycophenolate mofetil therapy. Barker, JH; Breidenbach, WC; Edelstein, J; Gruber, SA; Jevans, AW; Jones, JW; Maldonado, C; Ray, M; Ren, X; Ustüner, ET; Zdichavsky, M, 1998)	0.3
" Pulse cyclophosphamide has been shown to be as effective as the standard therapy in necrotizing vasculitides; however, an alarmingly high rate of infections was observed in this study in both arms possibly related to the high dosage of GCs."	( New concepts in treatment protocols for severe systemic vasculitis. Gross, WL, 1999)	0.3
"Mycophenolate mofetil, at a dosage of 1 g twice daily, was given in conjunction with steroids, as a steroid-sparing agent, or as an additional agent with cyclosporine (CsA), or instead of CsA or azathioprine."	( Mycophenolate mofetil. A useful immunosuppressive in inflammatory eye disease. Larkin, G; Lightman, S, 1999)	0.3
" The concentration of MPA and MPAG in plasma, bile, and urine samples obtained over one dosing interval was measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography."	( Effect of t-tube clamping on the pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in liver transplant patients on oral therapy of mycophenolate mofetil. Fung, JJ; Hamad, I; Jain, AB; Venkataramanan, R; Warty, VS; Zhang, S; Zuckerman, S, 1999)	0.55
" Corticosteroid dosage was tapered according to a standard protocol."	( Randomised trial of mycophenolate mofetil versus azathioprine for treatment of chronic active Crohn's disease. Krummenauer, F; Meyer zum Büschenfelde, KH; Neurath, MF; Peters, M; Schlaak, JF; Wanitschke, R, 1999)	0.3
" MMF was administered at a dosage of 2 gm/day whereas Aza was initiated at 2 mg/kg/day and adapted by leukocyte count."	( Comparison between mycophenolate mofetil- and azathioprine-based immunosuppressions in clinical lung transplantation. Artemiou, O; Birsan, T; Dekan, G; Klepetko, W; Taghavi, S; Wisser, W; Wolner, E; Zuckermann, A, 1999)	0.3
" A nonnephrotoxic and powerful immunosuppressant such as mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) could allow a reduction of cyclosporine dosage or its withdrawal and an improvement in renal function in these patients."	( Conversion of liver transplant recipients on cyclosporine with renal impairment to mycophenolate mofetil. Alvárez-Cienfuegos, J; Girala, M; Gómez-Manero, N; Herrero, JI; Pardo, F; Prieto, J; Quiroga, J; Sangro, B, 1999)	0.3
" The dosing plan for Neoral and steroids was essentially same between groups."	( Clear benefit of mycophenolate mofetil-based triple therapy in reducing the incidence of acute rejection after living donor renal transplantations. Kim, SI; Kim, YS; Moon, JI; Park, K, 1999)	0.3
" We suggest the possibility that the optimum dose, dosing interval or preparation of MMF has not yet been established for pediatric patients."	( A comparative analysis of the use of mycophenolate mofetil in pediatric vs. adult renal allograft recipients. Reisman, L; Roberti, I, 1999)	0.3
" However, little is known about the pharmacokinetics of MPA in this patient population in the stable transplant phase, and dosage guidelines are preliminary."	( Area under the plasma concentration-time curve for total, but not for free, mycophenolic acid increases in the stable phase after renal transplantation: a longitudinal study in pediatric patients. German Study Group on Mycophenolate Mofetil Therapy in Ped Armstrong, VW; Lamersdorf, T; Mehls, O; Niedmann, PD; Oellerich, M; Schütz, E; Shipkova, M; Staskewitz, A; Tönshoff, B; Weber, LT; Wiesel, M; Zimmerhackl, LB, 1999)	0.53
"6 mg x h/L, with a secondary peak 4 to 8 hours after dosing that was attributable to enterohepatic recirculation."	( The kinetics of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide metabolite in adult kidney transplant recipients. Allen, J; Falk, MC; Franzen, K; Johnson, AG; Jones, CE; Nicol, D; Rigby, RJ; Taylor, PJ, 1999)	0.65
" The described dosing schedule resulted in subtherapeutic daclizumab levels in liver transplant recipients."	( Experience with daclizumab in liver transplantation: renal transplant dosing without calcineurin inhibitors is insufficient to prevent acute rejection in liver transplantation. Ascher, NL; Freise, C; Hirose, R; Osorio, RW; Quan, D; Roberts, JP; Stock, PG, 2000)	0.31
" The dosing regimen used in renal transplant recipients is most likely insufficient for liver transplant patients."	( Experience with daclizumab in liver transplantation: renal transplant dosing without calcineurin inhibitors is insufficient to prevent acute rejection in liver transplantation. Ascher, NL; Freise, C; Hirose, R; Osorio, RW; Quan, D; Roberts, JP; Stock, PG, 2000)	0.31
"The recommended dosage for mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in combination with cyclosporin (CyA) for pediatric kidney transplant recipients is 600 mg/m(2) twice daily (b."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil are influenced by concomitant immunosuppression. Filler, G; Mai, I; Zimmering, M, 2000)	0.31
"), CsA dosage was reduced from regular to low (median trough level 130 microg/L, respectively, 45 microg/L), followed by complete withdrawal, while prednisone (7."	( Conversion to mycophenolate mofetil in conjunction with stepwise withdrawal of cyclosporine in stable renal transplant recipients. Boer, P; Hené, RJ; Joles, JA; Koomans, HA; Schrama, YC; van Tol, A, 2000)	0.31
" The initial prednisolone dosage was 50 mg and was tapered according to a standard protocol."	( Mycophenolate mofetil versus azathioprine in patients with chronic active ulcerative colitis: a 12-month pilot study. Galle, PR; Krummenauer, F; Mayet, WJ; Neurath, MF; Orth, T; Peters, M; Schlaak, JF; Wanitschke, R, 2000)	0.31
" Prospective clinical trials are needed to establish exact indications for therapy and dosage scheduling."	( Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as therapy for refractory chronic GVHD (cGVHD) in children receiving bone marrow transplantation. Busca, A; Lanino, E; Manfredini, L; Messina, C; Miniero, R; Nicolini, B; Rabusin, M; Saroglia, EM; Uderzo, C, 2000)	0.31
" Mycophenolate mofetil was used in combination with cyclosporine and prednisone and allowed for significant reductions in dosage of these immunosuppressants."	( Treatment of myasthenia gravis with mycophenolate mofetil: a case report. Meriggioli, MN; Rowin, J, 2000)	0.31
" MMF is effective in the prophylaxis of acute GVHD after stem cell transplantation; the optimal dosage needs further investigation."	( New strategies in GVHD prophylaxis. Basara, N; Blau, WI; Fauser, AA; Kiehl, MG; Shipkova, M, 2000)	0.31
" The CyA dosage was reduced from a mean of 150 +/- 39 mg/ m2 per day to 59 +/- 13 mg/m2 per day in 7 patients, and CyA was discontinued in 11 patients after a median period of nine months (range 1-18 months)."	( Effect of adding Mycophenolate mofetil in paediatric renal transplant recipients with chronical cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. Filler, G; Gellermann, J; Mai, I; Zimmering, M, 2000)	0.31
" The third group included patients who were transplanted between January 1997 and December 1997, and received an immunosuppression regimen of CYA and MMF with a reduced CCS dosing schema (reduced steroid group (RST))."	( Analysis of a single-center experience with mycophenolate mofetil based immunosuppression in renal transplantation. Larsen, CP; Odom, KL; Pearson, TC; Triemer, HL, 2000)	0.31
"An obvious dose-response relationship for the antiproliferative effects of each drug was detected."	( Comparison of the in vitro antiproliferative effects of five immunosuppressive drugs on lymphocytes in whole blood from cats. Craigmill, AL; Gregory, CR; Kyles, AE, 2000)	0.31
" The goal of this study was to correlate dosage (fixed or by body weight) and toxic effects to some non-compartmental values such as peak level (Cmax), time to peak level (Tmax) and trough level (Cmin)."	( Pharmacokinetic monitoring of mycophenolate mofetil in kidney transplanted patients. Brusa, P; Casullo, R; Cattel, L; Ceruti, M; Dosio, F; Segoloni, GP; Squiccimarro, G, 2000)	0.31
" For the method based on CEM cell line proliferation: (a) cell proliferation was inhibited only in MMF-treated patients; (b) there was a clear postdose increase in inhibition; (c) inhibition was not affected by other immunosuppressants in vitro or in vivo; (d) inhibition from predose to predose sample was correlated; and (e) when the MMF dosage was <20 mg."	( Assessment of mycophenolic acid-induced immunosuppression: a new approach. Brunet, M; Martorell, J; Millan, O; Oppenheimer, F; Rojo, I; Vilardell, J; Vives, J, 2000)	0.67
" Although preliminary, these data demonstrate significant transplanted organ-specific differences in MMF pharmacology and/or bioavailability, and suggest the need for separate evaluation of MMF dosing for each transplant type."	( Levels of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide derivative in the plasma of liver, small bowel and kidney transplant patients receiving tacrolimus and cellcept combination therapy. de Faria, L; Esquenazi, V; Miller, J; Tsaroucha, AK; Tzakis, AG; Zucker, K, 2000)	0.71
" Current dosing strategies of MMF are not routinely adjusted based on mycophenolic acid (MPA) area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), MPA trough, or free MPA (fMPA) AUC values."	( Mycophenolic acid concentrations are associated with cardiac allograft rejection. Craig, KA; DeNofrio, D; Kao, A; Korecka, M; Loh, E; Pickering, FW; Shaw, LM, 2000)	1.98
" Individualizing MMF dosing based on MPA determinations may minimize the risk of rejection following OHT."	( Mycophenolic acid concentrations are associated with cardiac allograft rejection. Craig, KA; DeNofrio, D; Kao, A; Korecka, M; Loh, E; Pickering, FW; Shaw, LM, 2000)	1.75
" roids were given at half the dosage of control for 3 months from the date of transplantation, and then withdrawn."	( Double-blind comparison of two corticosteroid regimens plus mycophenolate mofetil and cyclosporine for prevention of acute renal allograft rejection. Ekberg, H; Hené, R; Lebranchu, Y; Oppenheimer, F; Vanrenterghem, Y, 2000)	0.31
" However, it is important to monitor serum SRL levels to determine the optimal dosing regimen."	( A calcineurin inhibitor-sparing regimen with sirolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and anti-CD25 mAb provides effective immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients with delayed or impaired graft function. Ascher, NL; Chang, GJ; Freise, CE; Hirose, R; Mahanty, HD; Roberts, JP; Stock, PG; Vincenti, F, 2000)	0.31
" Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) may allow CsA dosage reduction or even complete withdrawal in selected populations with CsA nephrotoxicity or CAD."	( Cyclosporine withdrawal in stable renal transplant recipients after azathioprine-mycophenolate mofetil conversion. Bedrossian, J; Bererhi, L; Chalopin, JM; Ducloux, D; Janin, A; Kreis, H; Legendre, C; Mihatsch, M; Morelon, E; Noël, LH; Puget, S; Thervet, E, 2000)	0.31
" Based on pharmacodynamic monitoring better dosing strategies for MMF-treated patients may evolve."	( Pharmacodynamic monitoring of mycophenolate mofetil. Bauer, S; Braun, K; Budde, K; Fritsche, L; Glander, P; Mai, I; Neumayer, HH; Roots, I; Waiser, J, 2000)	0.31
" Ten patients were kept on their immunosuppressive regimen (group 1A), whereas the remaining nine randomly chosen subjects had their cyclosporine withdrawn; they were thus maintained on a dual immunosuppression regimen with prednisolone and a higher dosage of rapamycin (group 1B)."	( Impaired phosphate handling of renal allografts is aggravated under rapamycin-based immunosuppression. Böhmig, GA; Mayer, G; Oberbauer, R; Schwarz, C; Steininger, R, 2001)	0.31
"Mycophenolate mofetil at the dosage used is not effective in suppressing HBV replication after liver transplantation."	( The addition of mycophenolate mofetil for suppressing hepatitis B virus replication in liver recipients who developed lamivudine resistance--no beneficial effect. Ben-Ari, Z; Tur-Kaspa, R; Zemel, R, 2001)	0.31
" Hence, no dosing adjustment is deemed necessary when basiliximab is used in triple immunosuppressive therapy including either azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil."	( Differential influence of azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil on the disposition of basiliximab in renal transplant patients. Book, BK; Gerbeau, C; Girault, D; Kaplan, B; Kovarik, JM; Legendre, C; Pescovitz, MD; Salmela, K; Sollinger, HW; Somberg, K, 2001)	0.31
" Blood was sampled during the 24 hours subsequent to dosing on day 7 (after the first MMF dose), on day 14 (after multiple MMF doses) and on day 21 (after CsA/TRL washout)."	( Comparison of the effects of tacrolimus and cyclosporine on the pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid. Barten, MJ; Christians, U; Klupp, J; Morris, RE; van Gelder, T, 2001)	0.54
" Rapamycins in either application or dosage had no significant effect on intimal hyperplasia."	( Prevention of neointimal proliferation by immunosuppression in synthetic vascular grafts. Althaus, U; Carrel, T; Celik, B; Hess, OM; Morris, RE; Nicolaus, B; Pavlicek, M; Schaffner, T; Walpoth, BH, 2001)	0.31
" The use of trough plasma concentration monitoring, divided doses and a gradually increasing dosage schedule may be of value in limiting toxicity."	( Cytomegalovirus infection and abdominal pain with mycophenolate mofetil: is there a link? Andrews, PA; Gallagher, H, 2001)	0.31
" At week 5, the dosage was reduced to 500 mg twice daily until study end (week 8)."	( Mycophenolate mofetil is effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Boehncke, WH; Grundmann-Kollmann, M; Kaufmann, R; Ochsendorf, F; Podda, M; Zollner, TM, 2001)	0.31
"Overcoming adverse effects of immunosuppressors can be achieved by combining different drugs, thus allowing a dosage reduction."	( Combined immunosuppression of mycophenolate mofetil and FK506 for myoblast transplantation in mdx mice. Asselin, I; Camirand, G; Caron, NJ; Tremblay, JP, 2001)	0.31
" Moreover we have set up an HPLC method for measuring plasma mycophenolic acid (MPA), and examined the possibility of optimizing MMF dosing by drug pharmacokinetic monitoring."	( The kidney transplant program at the Bergamo Center. Gotti, E; Locatelli, G; Perico, N; Remuzzi, G; Rota, G; Ruggenenti, P, 2000)	0.55
" An adjustment of dosage of immunosuppressants according to the clinical situation and, particularly in the case of MMF, spreading the total dosage over more than 2 daily doses are often sufficient."	( Adverse gastrointestinal effects of mycophenolate mofetil: aetiology, incidence and management. Behrend, M, 2001)	0.31
" In patients with altered renal function, introduction of MMF or sirolimus can allow a reduction in dosage or complete withdrawal of cyclosporine."	( [Minimization of immunosuppression]. Thervet, E, 2001)	0.31
" The purpose of this study was to review our experience with MMF dosing and the role of mycophenolic acid (MPA) levels for therapeutic drug monitoring in a population of pediatric heart transplant recipients."	( Mycophenolic acid levels in pediatric heart transplant recipients receiving mycophenolate mofetil. Boucek, MM; Dipchand, AI; McCrindle, BW; Pietra, B; Rosebrook-Bicknell, HL, 2001)	1.98
" Dosing by body surface area (mg/m(2)), age and interval from transplantation were all independently associated with MPA level."	( Mycophenolic acid levels in pediatric heart transplant recipients receiving mycophenolate mofetil. Boucek, MM; Dipchand, AI; McCrindle, BW; Pietra, B; Rosebrook-Bicknell, HL, 2001)	1.75
"(1) There is marked individual variation in pharmacokinetics of MMF in pediatric patients; (2) dosing by body surface area may be advantageous; (3) higher MMF doses may be required at younger ages and in the early period after transplantation; (4) lower MMF doses may be required with concurrent tacrolimus therapy; and (5) serum trough MPA levels may relate to efficacy."	( Mycophenolic acid levels in pediatric heart transplant recipients receiving mycophenolate mofetil. Boucek, MM; Dipchand, AI; McCrindle, BW; Pietra, B; Rosebrook-Bicknell, HL, 2001)	1.75
" All patients had relapsed on conventional treatment or there were pressing indications to minimise steroid dosage or avoid alkylating agents."	( The safety and efficacy of MMF in lupus nephritis: a pilot study. Burns, A; Davenport, A; Kingdon, EJ; McLean, AG; Powis, SH; Psimenou, E; Sweny, P, 2001)	0.31
" Optimal dosing strategies for SKPT recipients remain to be determined."	( Multicenter survey of daclizumab induction in simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplant recipients. Alloway, RR; Bruce, DS; Humar, A; Kaufman, DB; Light, JA; Lo, A; Sollinger, HW; Stratta, RJ; Sutherland, DE, 2001)	0.31
"Here we examined the possibility of optimizing MMF dosing by drug pharmacokinetic monitoring in 46 stable kidney transplant recipients."	( Pharmacokinetics help optimizing mycophenolate mofetil dosing in kidney transplant patients. Cattaneo, D; Del Priore, L; Ferrari, S; Gaspari, F; Gotti, E; Perico, N; Remuzzi, G; Stucchi, N, 2001)	0.31
"Therapeutic MMF drug monitoring might contribute to a better management of kidney transplant recipient with the goal of optimizing drug dosing and limiting the risk of MMF-related toxicity."	( Pharmacokinetics help optimizing mycophenolate mofetil dosing in kidney transplant patients. Cattaneo, D; Del Priore, L; Ferrari, S; Gaspari, F; Gotti, E; Perico, N; Remuzzi, G; Stucchi, N, 2001)	0.31
" At study entry, the alternative treatment groups were similar with respect to demographics, renal function, dosage of CsA, BP, and concomitant medication."	( Open randomized trial comparing early withdrawal of either cyclosporine or mycophenolate mofetil in stable renal transplant recipients initially treated with a triple drug regimen. de Fijter, JW; Paul, LC; Schnuelle, P; Tegzess, A; van der Heide, JH; van der Woude, FJ; Verburgh, CA, 2002)	0.31
" The dosage of prednisone could be tapered smoothly among the steroid dependent patients."	( [Mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of primary nephrotic syndrome]. Chen, X; Chen, Y; Liu, Y; Liu, Z; Lu, F; Wang, H; Zhang, Y; Zhao, M, 2001)	0.31
" To achieve the best compromise between prevention of rejection and toxicity, dosage individualisation is required and this can be achieved through therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)."	( Immunosuppressive therapy for paediatric transplant patients: pharmacokinetic considerations. del Mar Fernández De Gatta, M; Domínguez-Gil, A; García, MJ; Santos-Buelga, D, 2002)	0.31
" MMF dosage ranged from 1 to 3 g daily (35."	( Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of mycophenolic acid in stable lung transplant recipients. Decarie, D; Dumont, RJ; Ensom, MH; Fradet, G; Levy, RD; Partovi, N, 2002)	0.58
" Alternative dosing regimens based on pharmacokinetic simulation and limited clinical trials are being investigated."	( A multicenter, open-label, comparative trial of two daclizumab dosing strategies vs. no antibody induction in combination with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroids for the prevention of acute rejection in simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplant Alloway, RR; Hodge, E; Lo, A; Stratta, RJ, 2002)	0.31
" Dosage of MMF was initially started at 2 g/d (corresponding to 600 mg MMF/m(2) twice daily."	( Atypical pharmacokinetics and metabolism of mycophenolic acid in a young kidney transplant recipient with impaired renal function. Armstrong, VW; Glasenapp, S; Muscheites, J; Nizze, H; Oellerich, M; Shipkova, M; Stolpe, HJ; Streit, F; von Ahsen, N; Wacke, R; Wigger, M, 2002)	0.58
" The primary goal is to maintain a consistent time-dependent target concentration by tailoring individual dosage leading to the best efficacy and tolerability combination."	( Therapeutic monitoring of mycophenolate mofetil in organ transplant recipients: is it necessary? de Frahan, EH; De Meyer, M; Eddour, DC; König, J; Malaise, J; Mourad, M; Squifflet, JP; Wallemacq, P, 2002)	0.31
" Finally both patients were given highly dosed glucocorticosteroids, which were also ineffective but led to vertebral fractures because of long-term steroid treatment in one patient and steroid-induced psychosis in the other."	( Successful treatment of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus with mycophenolate mofetil. Fierlbeck, G; Rassner, G; Schanz, S; Ulmer, A, 2002)	0.31
"To investigate the effectiveness safety and tolerance of mycophenolate mofeil(MMF) in severe IgA nephropathy and evaluate the dosage adjustment and course for clinical treatment."	( [A randomized control trial of mycophenolate mofeil treatment in severe IgA nephropathy]. Cai, G; Chen, P; Chen, X; Cui, Y; Liu, S; Tang, L; Wu, J; Zhang, Y, 2002)	0.31
" CsA was given at a dosage of 2 mg."	( [Combination of mycophenolate mofetil with cyclosporine A and methotrexate for the prophylaxes of acute graft versus host disease in allogeneic peripheral stem cell transplantation]. Chen, L; Ding, X; Hou, J; Li, H; Lou, J; Min, B; Song, X; Tong, S; Wang, J; Zhang, W, 2002)	0.31
" Among issues to be examined in future economic analyses in renal transplantation are the calcineurin-sparing potential of mycophenolate mofetil and the feasibility of using more efficient mycophenolate mofetil dosage regimens when using the drug on a long-term basis."	( Mycophenolate mofetil: a pharmacoeconomic review of its use in solid organ transplantation. Plosker, GL; Young, M, 2002)	0.31
" With the current dosage used in systemic lupus erythematosus, MMF appears to be well tolerated, with no serious toxicities reported."	( Mycophenolate mofetil in lupus glomerulonephritis. Lai, KN; Mok, CC, 2002)	0.31
" Furthermore, the ability of MMF treatment to reduce the steroid dosage and/or substitute other immunosuppressive agents with unacceptable side-effects (cyclosporin A, tacrolimus, azathioprine) was evaluated."	( [Efficiency of mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of intermediate and posterior uveitis]. Forrester, JV; Greiner, K; Santiago, C; Varikkara, M, 2002)	0.31
" The aim of this study was to assess the reversibility of CCN and to assess the safety and efficacy of a strategy of cyclosporine dosage reduction, combined with conversion from azathioprine to mycophenolate mofetil (AZA/MMF switch) to maintain immunosuppression."	( Reversal of chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity after heart transplantation-potential role of mycophenolate mofetil. Hayward, C; Keogh, AM; Kusano, K; Macdonald, PS; Savdie, E; Spratt, PM; Tedoriya, T; Wilson, M, 2002)	0.31
" A strategy of AZA/MMF switch combined with cyclosporine dosage reduction is generally well tolerated and results in short-term improvement in renal function in most patients."	( Reversal of chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity after heart transplantation-potential role of mycophenolate mofetil. Hayward, C; Keogh, AM; Kusano, K; Macdonald, PS; Savdie, E; Spratt, PM; Tedoriya, T; Wilson, M, 2002)	0.31
" The newest drugs to reach clinical evaluation, sirolimus and everolimus, have been studied in the context of concentration-controlled dosing and there is a good rationale for their measurement."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs in kidney transplantation. Holt, DW, 2002)	0.31
"MPS in monotherapy and combined with FTY720 resulted in steep dose-response curves."	( Efficacy of mycophenolate sodium as monotherapy and in combination with FTY720 in a DA-to-Lewis-rat heart-transplantation model. Baumlin, Y; Hof, A; Hof, RP; Matsumoto, Y, 2002)	0.31
" Comedication with CsA increased MMF dosage requirements compared with children on Tac therapy."	( Mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in pediatric liver transplant recipients. Adams, JE; Aw, MM; Brown, NW; Dhawan, A; Gonde, CE; Heaton, ND; Itsuka, T; Mieli-Vergani, G; Tredger, JM, 2003)	1.76
"This paper proposes the use of neural networks for individualizing the dosage of cyclosporine A (CyA) in patients who have undergone kidney transplantation."	( Prediction of cyclosporine dosage in patients after kidney transplantation using neural networks. Camps-Valls, G; Jiménez-Torres, NV; Martín-Guerrero, JD; Pérez-Ruixo, JJ; Porta-Oltra, B; Serrano-López, AJ; Soria-Olivas, E, 2003)	0.32
"Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has proven to be a very effective drug for the prevention of acute rejection following renal transplantation when dosed as prescribed at 2 or 3 g/d."	( The impact of mycophenolate mofetil dosing patterns on clinical outcome after renal transplantation. Akin, B; Bumgardner, GL; Elkhammas, EA; Ferguson, RM; Henry, ML; Pelletier, RP; Rajab, A, 2003)	0.32
" As dosage increased, the rejection could not be prevented and the damage to liver and kidney could be induced."	( [Combined immunosuppression of FK506 and RS-61443 in rat limb allotransplantation]. Chen, ZB; Hong, GX; Huang, QS; Kang, H; Wang, FB; Weng, YX, 2003)	0.32
" Coinciding with a significantly higher steroid dosage in CR patients, IL-6 receptor and TNF-R1 expression on monocytes were down-regulated (P< or =0."	( Mycophenolate mofetil-based immunosuppression and cytokine genotypes: effects on monokine secretion and antigen presentation in long-term renal transplant recipients. Daniel, V; Feustel, A; Grimm, H; Mytilineos, J; Opelz, G; Preiss, A; Weimer, R; Wiesel, M, 2003)	0.32
"To quantify the adverse events (AE) associated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), to examine the relationship between AE and dosage of MMF, and to assess the overall tolerability of MMF in SLE patients."	( Tolerability of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Fatica, RA; McCune, WJ; Riskalla, MM; Somers, EC, 2003)	0.32
" Charts were reviewed for baseline data, AE, MMF dosing characteristics, and clinical response at baseline, 3 months, and at final followup or drug discontinuation."	( Tolerability of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Fatica, RA; McCune, WJ; Riskalla, MM; Somers, EC, 2003)	0.32
" A range of doses was tolerated and associated with clinical improvement, suggesting that a flexible dosing schedule should be considered when using MMF in patients with SLE."	( Tolerability of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Fatica, RA; McCune, WJ; Riskalla, MM; Somers, EC, 2003)	0.32
" MMF dosage was reduced in 28 patients because of adverse events, and calcineurin inhibitors were introduced in 16 patients."	( Calcineurin inhibitor-free immunosuppression based on antithymocyte globulin and mycophenolate mofetil in cadaveric kidney transplantation: results after 5 years. Caldés, A; Cruzado, JM; Gil-Vernet, S; Grinyó, JM; Rama, I; Riera, L; Serón, D; Torras, J, 2003)	0.32
" In our three patients a dose-response effect was observed regarding plasma MMF concentration and severity of neutrophil dysplasia."	( Acquired and reversible Pelger-Huët anomaly of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in three transplant patients receiving mycophenolate mofetil therapy. Asmis, LM; Hadaya, K; Majno, P; Starobinski, M; Toso, C; Triponez, F, 2003)	0.32
"We found that MMF permitted a reduction in prednisolone dosage without disease relapse."	( An evaluation of the usefulness of mycophenolate mofetil in pemphigus. Al Fares, S; Albert, S; Bhogal, B; Black, MM; Harman, KE; Powell, AM; Setterfield, J, 2003)	0.32
" Our primary objective was to evaluate the efficacy and optimal dosing of tacrolimus in preventing rejection, using an established rat model of laryngeal transplantation."	( Tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil provide effective immunosuppression in rat laryngeal transplantation. Dan, O; Fritz, M; Nelson, M; Strome, M; Worley, S, 2003)	0.32
"A dosage efficacy study with 10 experimental arms was conducted."	( Tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil provide effective immunosuppression in rat laryngeal transplantation. Dan, O; Fritz, M; Nelson, M; Strome, M; Worley, S, 2003)	0.32
" Dosage groups were compared on rejection score using Wilcoxon's rank sum test and the Jonckheere-Terpstra test for trend."	( Tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil provide effective immunosuppression in rat laryngeal transplantation. Dan, O; Fritz, M; Nelson, M; Strome, M; Worley, S, 2003)	0.32
"05) but only in the 2-g MMF dosing group."	( Long-term changes in mycophenolic acid exposure in combination with tacrolimus and corticosteroids are dose dependent and not reflected by trough plasma concentration: a prospective study in 100 de novo renal allograft recipients. Claes, K; Coosemans, W; Evenepoel, P; Kuypers, DR; Maes, B; Pirenne, J; Vanrenterghem, Y, 2003)	0.64
" MMF was added gradually while simultaneously reducing the dosage of CI."	( Effectiveness and safety of mycophenolate mofetil as monotherapy in liver transplantation. Cuervas-Mons, V; Gómez, A; Herreros, A; Jimenez, M; Lopez-Monclus, J; Moreno, JM; Navarrete, E; Revilla, J; Rubio, E; Sánchez Turrión, V, 2003)	0.32
" Mycophenolate mofetil was determined to be an effective steroid-sparing agent if the daily prednisone dosage could be reduced by 50% or more and was determined to be an effective adjunctive immunosuppressive agent if the scleral inflammation was controlled in patients with active scleritis."	( Mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of scleritis. Al-Khatib, SQ; Buggage, RR; Djalilian, AR; Nussenblatt, RB; Sen, HN; Suhler, EB, 2003)	0.32
" In 3 of the 4 patients started on MMF as a steroid-sparing agent, the scleritis remained controlled while the prednisone dosage was tapered by more than 50%."	( Mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of scleritis. Al-Khatib, SQ; Buggage, RR; Djalilian, AR; Nussenblatt, RB; Sen, HN; Suhler, EB, 2003)	0.32
" This expanded pilot series discusses immunosuppression dosing modification to further minimize drug toxicity without sacrificing regimen efficacy."	( Continued superior outcomes with modification and lengthened follow-up of a steroid-avoidance pilot with extended daclizumab induction in pediatric renal transplantation. Alexander, SR; Millan, M; Salvatierra, O; Sarwal, MM; Satterwhite, T; Vidhun, JR, 2003)	0.32
" Leukopenia, anemia, and allograft nephrotoxicity were addressed by solely decreasing MMF and tacrolimus dosing and/or by replacing MMF with sirolimus, without increasing acute rejection."	( Continued superior outcomes with modification and lengthened follow-up of a steroid-avoidance pilot with extended daclizumab induction in pediatric renal transplantation. Alexander, SR; Millan, M; Salvatierra, O; Sarwal, MM; Satterwhite, T; Vidhun, JR, 2003)	0.32
" This study demonstrates that dosing requirement for MMF in AA and Caucasians is unlikely to be related to different exposures to MPA."	( Equivalent pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil in African-American and Caucasian male and female stable renal allograft recipients. Banken, L; Boutouyrie, BX; Bumgardner, GL; Ducray, PS; Gaston, R; Guasch, A; Hall, J; Melton, L; Pescovitz, MD; Rajagopalan, P; Tomlanovich, S; Weinstein, S, 2003)	0.32
" Wide interpatient variability in MPA pharmacokinetics was observed, thus emphasizing the need to individualize dosing of MMF and to further evaluate important pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters and endpoints that impact on clinical outcomes."	( Mycophenolate pharmacokinetics in early period following lung or heart transplantation. Decarie, D; Ensom, MH; Fradet, GJ; Ignaszewski, AP; Levy, RD; Partovi, N, 2003)	0.32
" Mycophenolate mofetil was given at a dosage of 1 g (oral) twice daily."	( Long-term efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in the control of severe intraocular inflammation. Comer, M; Lau, CH; Lightman, S, 2003)	0.32
"Mycophenolate mofetil is safe for long-term usage and is recommended for treatment of refractory panuveitis or posterior uveitis with uncontrolled inflammation despite high prednisolone maintenance dosage (>15 mg/day) or toxicity or lack of efficacy of other immuno-suppressive agents."	( Long-term efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in the control of severe intraocular inflammation. Comer, M; Lau, CH; Lightman, S, 2003)	0.32
"8%) during the dosing interval were similar."	( Effect of mycophenolate mofetil on IMP dehydrogenase after the first dose and after long-term treatment in renal transplant recipients. Braun, KP; Budde, K; Fritsche, L; Glander, P; Hambach, P; Mai, I; Neumayer, HH; Waiser, J, 2003)	0.32
"The considerable interindividual variability in the pharmacokinetics of MMF as well as in the drug target support the use of pharmacodynamic drug monitoring to optimize MMF dosing and to reduce the risk of graft rejection and side effects."	( Effect of mycophenolate mofetil on IMP dehydrogenase after the first dose and after long-term treatment in renal transplant recipients. Braun, KP; Budde, K; Fritsche, L; Glander, P; Hambach, P; Mai, I; Neumayer, HH; Waiser, J, 2003)	0.32
"This 1-year interim analysis indicates that a decreasing dosage of tacrolimus with either adjunctive sirolimus or MMF may optimize future graft survival versus a less favorable outcome using a similar algorithm with CsA and sirolimus."	( A randomized long-term trial of tacrolimus and sirolimus versus tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclosporine (NEORAL) and sirolimus in renal transplantation. I. Drug interactions and rejection at one year. Burke, GW; Ciancio, G; Gaynor, JJ; Kupin, W; Mattiazzi, A; Miller, J; Nicolas, M; Rosen, A; Roth, D; Ruiz, P, 2004)	0.32
"This 1-year interim analysis of a long-term, prospective, randomized renal-transplant study indicates that decreasing maintenance dosage of Tacro with adjunctive Siro or MMF appears to point to improved long-term function, with reasonably few adverse events."	( A randomized long-term trial of tacrolimus/sirolimus versus tacrolimus/mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclosporine (NEORAL)/sirolimus in renal transplantation. II. Survival, function, and protocol compliance at 1 year. Burke, GW; Ciancio, G; Gaynor, JJ; Kupin, W; Mattiazzi, A; Miller, J; Nicolas, M; Rosen, A; Roth, D; Ruiz, P, 2004)	0.32
" Nevertheless, for these patients neither recommendations for optimal dosage of MMF nor data concerning drug exposure of MMF are available."	( Monitoring trough plasma concentrations of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with uveitis. Hernández-Prats, C; Llinares-Tello, F; Muñoz-Ruiz, C; Ordovás-Baines, JP; Selva-Otaolaurruchi, J, 2004)	0.32
"To describe the results of the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of MMF trough concentrations in a cohort of patients with uveitis, with the aim of optimizing the dosage of this drug, by maintaining a target concentration to achieve adequate immunosuppression with a minimal risk of therapeutic failure or toxicity."	( Monitoring trough plasma concentrations of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with uveitis. Hernández-Prats, C; Llinares-Tello, F; Muñoz-Ruiz, C; Ordovás-Baines, JP; Selva-Otaolaurruchi, J, 2004)	0.32
" Levels of mycophenolic acid (MPA), its glucuronide metabolite, and daclizumab were measured after dosing on days 28 and 56."	( Pharmacokinetics of daclizumab and mycophenolate mofetil with cyclosporine and steroids in renal transplantation. Bumgardner, G; Gaston, RS; Kirkman, RL; Light, S; Nieforth, K; Patel, IH; Pescovitz, MD; Vincenti, F, 2003)	0.71
" In the past years major efforts have been carried out to define therapeutic windows based on blood/plasma levels of each immunosuppressant relating those concentrations to drug dosing and clinical events."	( From pharmacokinetics to pharmacogenomics: a new approach to tailor immunosuppressive therapy. Cattaneo, D; Perico, N; Remuzzi, G, 2004)	0.32
" Additional adverse effects, including nausea and diarrhea, were observed in another patient when the dosage was increased to 20 mg/kg per day."	( Mycophenolate mofetil in children with multidrug-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Anarat, A; Bayazit, AK; Cengiz, N; Noyan, A, 2004)	0.32
"We tested the hypothesis that sustained suppression of immune functions by mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) throughout the dosing interval reduces the severity of rejection."	( Sustained suppression of peripheral blood immune functions by treatment with mycophenolate mofetil correlates with reduced severity of cardiac allograft rejection. Billingham, ME; Boeke, K; Dambrin, C; Klupp, J; Morris, RE; Regieli, JJ; van Gelder, T, 2004)	0.32
" The SRL was dosed to achieve defined target whole blood 12-h trough levels."	( Short sirolimus half-life in pediatric renal transplant recipients on a calcineurin inhibitor-free protocol. Baluarte, J; Brayman, KL; Harmon, WE; Meyers, KE; Palmer, JA; Salmanullah, M; Schachter, AD; Spaneas, LD, 2004)	0.32
" However, optimal cyclosporine exposure can now be achieved through monitoring of cyclosporine levels 2 hours after dosing (C(2) monitoring)."	( Optimizing the immunosuppressive regimen in heart transplantation. Eisen, H; Ross, H, 2004)	0.32
" In addition, a significant curvilinear dose-response relationship was found between ACEI dose and HCT."	( Pharmacoepidemiology of anemia in kidney transplant recipients. Chandraker, A; Gabardi, S; Kewalramani, R; Rutstein, M; Vonvisger, T; Winkelmayer, WC, 2004)	0.32
"A prospective evaluation was performed to study the potential benefits of the use of interleukin-2 receptor antibody (IL-2Rab) in the induction therapy with early elimination of steroid and reduction of tacrolimus dosage in liver transplant recipients among whom 94% had chronic hepatitis B infection."	( Interleukin-2 receptor antibody (basiliximab) for immunosuppressive induction therapy after liver transplantation: a protocol with early elimination of steroids and reduction of tacrolimus dosage. Chan, SC; Fan, ST; Lai, CL; Liu, CL; Lo, CM; Ng, IO; Wong, J, 2004)	0.32
" To rationalize MMF dosing regimens in hypoalbuminemic patients (plasma albumin < or = 31 g/L), clinicians should consider monitoring the free MPA concentration."	( Free mycophenolic acid should be monitored in renal transplant recipients with hypoalbuminemia. Atcheson, BA; Duffull, SB; Johnson, DW; Kirkpatrick, CM; Mudge, DW; Pillans, PI; Taylor, PJ; Tett, SE, 2004)	0.84
" This article reviews the use of cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, with emphasis on pharmacology, results in controlled clinical trials, and safety, and issues related to dosing and toxicity monitoring."	( Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Egan, LJ; Loftus, CG; Sandborn, WJ, 2004)	0.32
" From March 1999 to May 2001, a total of 297 SKPT patients were enrolled into a prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label, comparative trial of two daclizumab dosing strategies versus no-antibody induction in combination with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroids in SKPT recipients."	( Does surgical technique influence outcomes after simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantation? Alloway, RR; Hodge, EE; Lo, A; Stratta, RJ, 2004)	0.32
"Although the promising immunosuppressant, mycophenolic acid (MPA), has many desirable properties and is widely prescribed for organ transplant recipients, its high oral dosage requirement is not understood."	( Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases show atypical metabolism of mycophenolic acid and inhibition by curcumin. Basu, NK; Kole, L; Kubota, S; Owens, IS, 2004)	0.83
" Many of these drugs require the measurement of concentrations with subsequent dosage adjustment to maximize efficacy while minimizing toxicity."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressant drugs by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Taylor, PJ, 2004)	0.32
" Hence, a reduction in CsA dosage in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) may improve long-term outcomes."	( Analysis of the cardiovascular risk profile in stable kidney transplant recipients after 50% cyclosporine reduction. Cardarelli, F; Cosimi, AB; Delmonico, FL; Farrell, ML; Pascual, M; Saidman, SL; Shih, V; Tolkoff-Rubin, N; Winkelmayer, WC; Wong, W, 2004)	0.32
" Because this dose resulted in low area-under-the-curve (AUC) in our infant population, we retrospectively analyzed all available pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles in pediatric renal transplant patients on MMF plus Tac therapy to propose appropriate MMF dosing in pediatric patients of all ages."	( Age-dependency of mycophenolate mofetil dosing in combination with tacrolimus after pediatric renal transplantation. Berard, R; Filler, G; Foster, J; Lepage, N; Mai, I, 2004)	0.32
" The dosing requirement decreased from 500 mg/m2 BID in 2-year-old patients to 250 mg/m2 in adolescents."	( Age-dependency of mycophenolate mofetil dosing in combination with tacrolimus after pediatric renal transplantation. Berard, R; Filler, G; Foster, J; Lepage, N; Mai, I, 2004)	0.32
" The following adverse events were observed: borderline acute rejection (1/11 patients), anemia responding to higher dosage of erythropoietin (3/11), hyperlipidemia (1/11), and urinary tract infections (4/11)."	( Low-dose sirolimus in combination with mycophenolate mofetil improves kidney graft function late after renal transplantation and suggests pharmacokinetic interaction of both immunosuppressive drugs. Kunzendorf, U; Renders, L; Schöcklmann, HO; Steinbach, R; Valerius, T, 2004)	0.32
" CsA dosing was based on body surface area and adjusted to CsA trough levels."	( Cyclosporin A absorption profiles in pediatric renal transplant recipients predict the risk of acute rejection. Armstrong, VW; Feneberg, R; Mehls, O; Oellerich, M; Shipkova, M; Tönshoff, B; Weber, LT; Wiesel, M; Zimmerhackl, LB, 2004)	0.32
" The incidence of acute allograft rejection (AR), blood concentration and dosage of FK506, and the liver graft function were observed in the 30 days after liver transplantation and compared with the results documented in literatures."	( [Clinical study of three-dose regimen of Zenapax in orthotopic liver transplantation]. Deng, WF; He, G; Yu, LX, 2004)	0.32
" The tacrolimus dosage was adjusted to trough levels in the target range of 10-15 microg/L during the first 3 mo and 5-10 microg/L thereafter."	( Initial steroid-free immunosuppression after liver transplantation in recipients with hepatitis C virus related cirrhosis. Braun, F; Ramadori, G; Ringe, B; Sattler, B; Wietzke-Braun, P, 2004)	0.32
" In young OHT patients, MMF dose does not correlate with MPA/MPAG levels, and standard MMF dosing fails to consistently achieve 'therapeutic' MPA concentrations."	( Lack of correlation between MMF dose and MPA level in pediatric and young adult cardiac transplant patients: does the MPA level matter? Crowley, DC; Gajarski, RJ; Lake, KD; Zamberlan, MC, 2004)	0.32
"In an attempt to reduce both initial and long-term (nephrotoxic) calcineurin inhibitor maintenance dosage and totally eliminate maintenance corticosteroids, alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) was used as induction therapy in first cadaver and non-HLA-identical living donor renal transplantation."	( The use of Campath-1H as induction therapy in renal transplantation: preliminary results. Burke, GW; Carreno, MR; Ciancio, G; Esquenazi, V; Gaynor, JJ; Kupin, W; Mattiazzi, A; Miller, J; Roohipour, R; Rosen, A; Roth, D; Ruiz, P; Tzakis, AG, 2004)	0.32
" Maintenance target 12-hr tacrolimus trough levels of 5 to 7 ng/mL were operational from the outset as well as (reduced) mycophenolate mofetil dosage of 500 mg twice daily."	( The use of Campath-1H as induction therapy in renal transplantation: preliminary results. Burke, GW; Carreno, MR; Ciancio, G; Esquenazi, V; Gaynor, JJ; Kupin, W; Mattiazzi, A; Miller, J; Roohipour, R; Rosen, A; Roth, D; Ruiz, P; Tzakis, AG, 2004)	0.32
"In an early assessment, the combination of Campath-1H, low dosing of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil, and avoidance of maintenance corticosteroid use seems to be safe and effective for kidney transplant recipients."	( The use of Campath-1H as induction therapy in renal transplantation: preliminary results. Burke, GW; Carreno, MR; Ciancio, G; Esquenazi, V; Gaynor, JJ; Kupin, W; Mattiazzi, A; Miller, J; Roohipour, R; Rosen, A; Roth, D; Ruiz, P; Tzakis, AG, 2004)	0.32
" Dose changes resulting from GI side effects may potentially lead to sub-therapeutic dosing and impaired clinical outcomes."	( Mycophenolates in transplantation. Sollinger, HW, 2004)	0.32
" The 2 g per day dosage is more acceptable."	( Efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil versus azathioprine after renal transplantation: a systematic review. Li, H; Li, Y; Lu, Y; Wang, K; Wei, Q; Yang, Y; Zhang, H, 2004)	0.32
"622) Without a fixed dosing regimen, most Thai kidney transplant recipients who receive MMF as part of a maintenance immunosuppressive regimen have the MPA AUC within the therapeutic window."	( The pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil in Thai kidney transplant recipients. Jirasiritham, S; Mavichak, V; Na-Bangchang, K; Sumethkul, V, 2004)	0.32
"To review the literature relating to immunosuppressant drug measurement as performed in therapeutic drug monitoring laboratories associated with transplantation centers and consider whether the assay methods widely used for patient dosage management achieve acceptable quality criteria in the context of other sources of variability with these drugs."	( Immunosuppressant drug monitoring: is the laboratory meeting clinical expectations? Morris, RG, 2005)	0.33
"Emphasis was placed on the literature relating to the quality of immunosuppressant drug assays, their limitations, and evidence of clinical benefit in dosage individualization."	( Immunosuppressant drug monitoring: is the laboratory meeting clinical expectations? Morris, RG, 2005)	0.33
"In many cases, clinical laboratories fail to meet the reasonable clinical expectations required for interpretation of immunosuppressant drug assay results as an adjunct to optimal dosage individualization and patient care."	( Immunosuppressant drug monitoring: is the laboratory meeting clinical expectations? Morris, RG, 2005)	0.33
" The immunosuppression is as follows: (i) basiliximab (20 mg if body weight >30 kg; 10 mg if < 30 kg) is given pretransplant and at day 4; (ii) tacrolimus (Tac) is administered in order to obtain blood trough levels of 10-20 and 5-10 ng/ml during and after the first 2 months post-transplant, respectively; (iii) steroids are tapered during the first 6 months and then replaced by mycophenolate mofetil (depending on previous rejection episodes, infection status and the result of a routine biopsy) at a dosage of 4-600 mg/m(2) body surface area."	( One-year results of basiliximab induction and tacrolimus associated with sequential steroid and MMF treatment in pediatric kidney transplant recipient. Cardillo, M; Edefonti, A; Ferraresso, M; Ghio, L; Ginevri, F; Montini, G; Murer, L; Perfumo, F; Pietrobon, B; Scalamogna, M; Zacchello, G; Zanon, GF, 2005)	0.33
" Patients were switched from azathioprine to mycophenolate mofetil (1 to 3 g/d), followed by a stepwise reduction in cyclosporine dosage (trough cyclosporine level maintained around 100 ng/mL)."	( Chronic cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxiciy in heart transplant patients: long-term benefits of treatment with mycophenolate mofetil and low-dose cyclosporine. de la Calzada, CS; de la Cámara, AG; Delgado, JF; Escribano, P; Gómez, MA; Morales, JM; Sanchez, V; Tello, R, 2004)	0.32
" Future studies should focus on alternative dosing schedules with more aggressive use of adjuvant therapies, including GFs."	( Applicability, tolerability and efficacy of preemptive antiviral therapy in hepatitis C-infected patients undergoing liver transplantation. Ascher, NA; Bollinger, K; Khalili, M; Roberts, JP; Shergill, AK; Straley, S; Terrault, NA, 2005)	0.33
" The protocol calls for a 10-day pretransplantation conditioning period, starting with one dosage of rituximab and followed by full dose tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and prednisolone."	( ABO incompatible kidney transplantations without splenectomy, using antigen-specific immunoadsorption and rituximab. Fehrman, I; Genberg, H; Kumlien, G; Lundgren, T; Sandberg, J; Tydén, G, 2005)	0.33
" Unfortunately, in clinical practice, monitoring predose trough blood concentrations is often not sufficient for guiding optimal long-term dosing of these drugs."	( Immunosuppressive drug monitoring - what to use in clinical practice today to improve renal graft outcome. Kuypers, DR, 2005)	0.33
"A dosage regimen of 28-200 mg/kg per day MMF had no negative effect on either cytotoxic LAK activity or GVL (as measured by finding of leukemic cells in recipient spleen by PCR or the appearance of clinical leukemia with adoptive transfer)."	( Mycophenolate mofetil does not suppress the graft-versus-leukemia effect or the activity of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells in a murine model. Hirshfeld, E; Kasir, J; Or, R; Resnick, IB; Shapira, MY; Slavin, S; Weiss, L; Zeira, M, 2005)	0.33
"The aims of the current study were to determine whether therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) might benefit kidney transplant recipients receiving everolimus, and to establish dosage recommendations when everolimus is used in combination with cyclosporine and corticosteroids."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring for everolimus in kidney transplantation using 12-month exposure, efficacy, and safety data. Kovarik, J; Li, Y; Lorber, MI; Mayer, HW; Ponticelli, C; Schmidli, H; Whelchel, J, 2005)	0.33
"There is a paucity of data examining the efficacy of valganciclovir (VGC) for cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis in kidney transplant patients, particularly with regard to utilization of a risk-stratified dosing regimen."	( Cytomegalovirus prophylaxis with valganciclovir in African-American renal allograft recipients based on donor/recipient serostatus. Alangaden, GJ; Chandrasekar, P; El-Amm, JM; Garnick, J; Granger, DK; Gruber, SA; Haririan, A; Morawski, K; Sillix, DH; West, MS, 2005)	0.33
" For a fixed-dose (FD) and a concentration-controlled (CC) MMF dosing regimen exposure to mycophenolic acid (MPA) was compared."	( Predicting the usefulness of therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolic acid: a computer simulation. Mathot, R; van Gelder, T; van Hest, R; Vulto, A; Weimar, W, 2005)	0.79
" MMF may be used as monotherapy or in association with other drugs for cases of HCV-related autoimmune diseases refractory or intolerant to common immunosuppressive treatments, allowing the reduction of the drug dosage and avoiding serious side effects."	( Mycophenolate mofetil in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Font, J; Ramos-Casals, M, 2005)	0.33
" This open-label, two-period, cross-over study was carried out to characterize the time course of MPA and its metabolites, mycophenolic acid glucuronide (MPAG) and acyl mycophenolic acid glucuronide (AcMPAG) in stable renal transplant patients (n = 40) after 28-day chronic dosing with EC-MPS (720 mg bid) or MMF (1000 mg bid)."	( Mycophenolic acid metabolite profile in renal transplant patients receiving enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium or mycophenolate mofetil. Bastien, MC; Campestrini, J; Choi, L; Felipe, C; Picard, F; Schmouder, R; Tedesco-Silva, H, 2005)	1.98
" The pharmacokinetic measurements were performed in all patients using three MMF dosing regimens (0."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in kidney transplant patients receiving sirolimus versus cyclosporine. Allard, C; Coquerel, A; Debruyne, D; El Haggan, W; Ficheux, M; Hurault de Ligny, B; Lobbedez, T; Rognant, N; Ryckelynck, JP, 2005)	0.65
" Recent studies suggest that withdrawal or reduction of CNI dosage results in improvement in graft function and survival."	( The safety and efficacy of early withdrawal of calcineurin inhibitors in kidney transplant recipients 6 months' posttransplant. Boswell, A; Evans, L; Rigg, K; Shehata, M, 2005)	0.33
"Blood from 25 HTx patients was drawn before (C0h) and 2 hours after dosing (C2h)."	( C0h/C2h monitoring of the pharmacodynamics of cyclosporin plus mycophenolate mofetil in human heart transplant recipients. Barten, MJ; Bittner, HB; Dhein, S; Garbade, J; Gummert, JF; Mohr, FW; Rahmel, A; Richter, M, 2005)	0.33
" Twelve responded for a median follow-up of 49 weeks (range 38-240 weeks), defined by maintenance of adequate blood counts and reduction in dosage or cessation of other immunosuppressive agents."	( Use of mycophenolate mofetil for chronic, refractory immune cytopenias in children with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Dale, JK; Davis, J; Dugan, F; Fleisher, T; Hurley, JK; Puck, J; Rao, VK; Straus, SE; Tretler, J, 2005)	0.33
" The goal of the study was to investigate the effect of a reduction of calcineurin inhibitor dosage with the concomitant introduction of mycophenolate mofetil on both renal function and cardiac allograft function."	( Improvement of renal function in pediatric heart transplant recipients treated with low-dose calcineurin inhibitor and mycophenolate mofetil. Boyer, O; Dechaux, M; Gubler, MC; Le Bidois, J; Niaudet, P, 2005)	0.33
"The reduction of calcineurin inhibitor dosage and replacement of azathioprine by mycophenolate mofetil is a safe way to improve renal function in children with heart transplants and calcineurin inhibitor induced nephrotoxicity."	( Improvement of renal function in pediatric heart transplant recipients treated with low-dose calcineurin inhibitor and mycophenolate mofetil. Boyer, O; Dechaux, M; Gubler, MC; Le Bidois, J; Niaudet, P, 2005)	0.33
" The dosage of CNIs, cyclosporine or tacrolimus, was gradually reduced and withdrawn within 6 weeks from patients in the withdrawal group."	( Differential effects of cyclosporine and tacrolimus on mycophenolate pharmacokinetics in patients with impaired kidney function. Gerhardt, UW; Heck, M; Hohage, H; Suwelack, BM; Welling, U; Zeh, M, 2005)	0.33
" Some studies have shown that C0 is a poor predictor of drug exposure (represented by AUC), and that concentrations measured after dosing may have a stronger correlation with AUC."	( Best single time points as surrogates to the tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid area under the curve in adult liver transplant patients beyond 12 months of transplantation. Barkun, J; Cantarovich, M; Deschenes, M; Mardigyan, V; Metrakos, P; Tchervenkov, J, 2005)	0.57
"The aim of the present study was to determine whether plasma drug concentrations measured after dosing would be better correlated with the tacrolimus and mycoplasmic acid (MPA) (the active metabolite of MMF) AUC(0-12) values compared with C0 in liver transplant recipients > or = 12 months after transplantation."	( Best single time points as surrogates to the tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid area under the curve in adult liver transplant patients beyond 12 months of transplantation. Barkun, J; Cantarovich, M; Deschenes, M; Mardigyan, V; Metrakos, P; Tchervenkov, J, 2005)	0.57
"IL-10+DC and IL-12+DC in peripheral blood are associated with time after transplantation and dosage of immunosuppression."	( Association of circulating interleukin (IL)-12- and IL-10-producing dendritic cells with time posttransplant, dose of immunosuppression, and plasma cytokines in renal-transplant recipients. Daniel, V; Hergesell, O; Naujokat, C; Opelz, G; Sadeghi, M; Wiesel, M, 2005)	0.33
" Despite increase of dosage many patients do not reach the proposed levels."	( Problems of cyclosporine absorption profiling using C2-monitoring. Budde, K; Einecke, G; Fritsche, L; Glander, P; Mai, I; Neumayer, HH; Schuetz, M; Waiser, J, 2005)	0.33
" This study examined dose-response (0."	( Inflammatory and cytotoxic responses in mouse lungs exposed to purified toxins from building isolated Penicillium brevicompactum Dierckx and P. chrysogenum Thom. Flemming, J; Giles, S; Miller, JD; Puniani, E; Rand, TG, 2005)	0.33
" At the 45 mg/kg/d dosage level, 4 of 11 patients developed only grade II GVHD, and a concentration at steady state of mycophenolic acid (the active moiety of MMF) consistent with a therapeutic range described for solid-organ transplantation was achieved."	( A phase I/II study of mycophenolate mofetil in combination with cyclosporine for prophylaxis of acute graft-versus-host disease after myeloablative conditioning and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Anasetti, C; Appelbaum, FR; Blume, KG; Deeg, HJ; Forman, SJ; Furlong, T; Johnston, L; Kiem, HP; Lloid, ME; Martin, PJ; McCune, JS; Nash, RA; Parker, P; Schubert, MM; Slattery, JT; Storb, R; Storer, B; Witherspoon, RP, 2005)	0.54
" These observations should be taken into consideration when switching from one calcineurin inhibitor to another, but the final dosage should be based on both this pharmacokinetic data and the clinical situation."	( Randomized calcineurin inhibitor cross over study to measure the pharmacokinetics of co-administered enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium. Balez, S; Bastien, MC; Kaplan, B; Meier-Kriesche, HU; Minnick, P; Picard, F; Schmouder, R; Sechaud, R; Yeh, CM, 2005)	0.33
" Patient and graft survival, renal function, study drug dosing and discontinuations were evaluated at 1 year."	( A prospective, randomized trial of tacrolimus in combination with sirolimus or mycophenolate mofetil in kidney transplantation: results at 1 year. Gonwa, T; Jensik, S; Mendez, R; Steinberg, S; Weinstein, S; Yang, HC, 2005)	0.33
" The renal tolerability of CsA is reasonably good when the dosage is low."	( Treatment of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Meyrier, A, 2005)	0.33
" The patients who had progressive increase in liver enzymes after renal transplantation and their AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, bilirubin levels, hepatitis, cytomegalovirus (CMV), abdominal ultrasonography, duration of hepatotoxicity, and decreased dosage or withdrawal of MMF were recorded."	( Uncommon side effect of MMF in renal transplant recipients. Balal, M; Demir, E; Erken, U; Paydas, S; Sertdemir, Y, 2005)	0.33
" In these patients, MMF was added gradually, simultaneously reducing the dosage of CI up to complete withdrawal."	( Mycophenolate mofetil monotherapy in liver transplantation. Brunati, A; Franchello, A; Mirabella, S; Pierini, A; Ricchiuti, A; Salizzoni, M, )	0.13
" Median dosage of MMF was 750 mg twice daily (500-1500 mg)."	( Mycophenolate mofetil monotherapy in liver transplantation. Brunati, A; Franchello, A; Mirabella, S; Pierini, A; Ricchiuti, A; Salizzoni, M, )	0.13
" Since single daily dosing of cyclosporine is rarely used, the objective of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of a single daily dose versus twice daily dosing of cyclosporine in renal transplant recipients."	( Single daily dose administration of cyclosporine in renal transplant recipients: a preliminary report. Al-Mousawi, M; Al-Mozairai, I; Halim, MA; Hamid, MH; Johny, KV; Nair, MP; Nampoory, MR; Said, T, 2005)	0.33
"The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, monitoring, and dosage and administration of enteric-coated (EC) mycophenolate sodium are reviewed."	( Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium for transplant immunosuppression. Ingle, GR; Shah, T, 2005)	0.33
" The pharmacokinetic results for pediatric patients are comparable with those obtained previously in adults, although exposure based on AUC(0-infinity) was approximately 23% higher, and this finding may be a result of dosing on the basis of BSA, rather than body weight."	( Pharmacokinetics of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in stable pediatric renal transplant recipients. Bartosh, S; Bastien, MC; Campestrini, J; Choi, L; Ettenger, R; Niederberger, W; Schmouder, R; Zhu, W, 2005)	0.33
"Therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM) is advocate to provide information about the adequacy of a dosing regimen or likelihood of toxicity associated with drug."	( [Current status of therapeutic drug monitoring for immunosuppressive drugs]. Uchida, K, 2005)	0.33
" Further testing with different drug dosing or delivery rate might improve these results."	( IMPACT Trial: angiographic and intravascular ultrasound observations of the first human experience with mycophenolic acid-eluting polymer stent system. Abizaid, A; Albertal, M; Feres, F; Fitzgerald, P; Kataoka, T; Londero, H; Mattos, LA; Ormiston, J; Paoletti, F; Ruygrok, P; Seixas, AC; Silva, RL; Sousa, A; Sousa, JE; Staico, R; Stewart, J; Webster, M, 2005)	0.54
" MMF dose changes resulting from these adverse events may lead to sub-therapeutic dosing and impaired clinical outcomes."	( Impact of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)-related gastrointestinal complications and MMF dose alterations on transplant outcomes and healthcare costs in renal transplant recipients. Ferguson, RM; Kilburg, A; Petrilla, AA; Porterfield-Baxa, J; Tierce, JC, 2005)	0.33
" About one half of subjects were below the unbound AUC target after oral dosing with nearly a 5-fold variability in AUC."	( Relationship of mycophenolic acid exposure to clinical outcome after hematopoietic cell transplantation. Barker, JN; Green, K; Jacobson, P; Long, J; McGlave, P; Ng, J; Remmel, R; Rogosheske, J; Sawchuk, R; Tan, Y; Weisdorf, D, 2005)	0.67
" The observed side effects appear amenable to improvements upon alteration of dosing strategies."	( Combined use of the JAK3 inhibitor CP-690,550 with mycophenolate mofetil to prevent kidney allograft rejection in nonhuman primates. Ball, DJ; Borie, DC; Brissette, WH; Campbell, A; Changelian, PS; Elliott, EA; Flores, MG; Higgins, JP; Kudlacz, EM; Larson, MJ; Reitz, BA; Rousvoal, G; Zhang, S, 2005)	0.33
"Assess the relationship between clinical diagnosis, state of immunosuppression, mycophenolic acid (MPA) plasma trough levels (MPACmin), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) dosage in renal transplant recipients."	( Mycophenolic acid plasma trough level: correlation with clinical outcome. Barbari, A; El Ghoul, B; Kamel, G; Karam, A; Kilani, H; Masri, MA; Mourad, N; Stephan, A, 2005)	2
" Although the usually recommended dosage of MMF (2 g) may be associated with acute rejection, low-dose MMF (1 g) seems to constitute a higher risk."	( Mycophenolic acid plasma trough level: correlation with clinical outcome. Barbari, A; El Ghoul, B; Kamel, G; Karam, A; Kilani, H; Masri, MA; Mourad, N; Stephan, A, 2005)	1.77
" Furthermore, particular cytokine levels were significantly decreased 2 h after drug dosing, compared with cytokine levels before dosing in mitogen-stimulated whole blood."	( Cytokine analysis to predict immunosuppression. Barten, MJ; Bocsi, J; Boldt, A; Dhein, S; Garbade, J; Gummert, JF; Mohr, FW; Rahmel, A, 2006)	0.33
" According to MMF pharmacokinetic studies, which showed a short half-life of its active metabolite, mycophenolic acid, we increased MMF dosing from 15 mg/kg twice daily to 15 mg/kg 3 times daily to increase immunosuppression and reduce the incidence of both graft rejection and acute GVHD."	( Unrelated donor granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cell transplantation after nonmyeloablative conditioning: the effect of postgrafting mycophenolate mofetil dosing. Agura, E; Blume, KG; Bruno, B; Chauncey, TR; Kliem, C; Langston, AA; Maloney, DG; Maris, MB; Maziarz, RT; McSweeney, PA; Pulsipher, M; Sandmaier, BM; Shizuru, JA; Storb, R; Storer, BE; Wade, J, 2006)	0.55
" This report details drug dosing and monitoring, protocol discontinuance, biopsy-proven rejection, graft failure, other adverse events, and death at 36 months postoperatively."	( A randomized long-term trial of tacrolimus/sirolimus versus tacrolimums/mycophenolate versus cyclosporine/sirolimus in renal transplantation: three-year analysis. Burke, GW; Ciancio, G; Gaynor, JJ; Kupin, W; Miller, J; Rosen, A; Roth, D; Ruiz, P, 2006)	0.33
" Other IMP dehydrogenase inhibitors administered near maximum tolerated doses using the same dosing regimen as for ribavirin were found to slightly enhance virus replication in the lungs."	( Enhancement of the infectivity of SARS-CoV in BALB/c mice by IMP dehydrogenase inhibitors, including ribavirin. Bailey, K; Barnard, DL; Carson, DA; Cottam, HB; Day, CW; Heiner, M; Hoopes, J; Lauridsen, L; Lee, J; Li, JK; Montgomery, R; Sidwell, RW; Winslow, S, 2006)	0.33
" Hematological adverse events were infrequent: three patients had leukopenia and one, anemia, all of which responded to dosage reduction."	( Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium experience in liver transplant patients. Cantisani, GP; de Mello Brandão, A; Gleisner, AL; Marroni, CA; Zanotelli, ML, 2006)	0.33
" Therefore, reduction in CNI dosage may delay the development of CAN, leading to longer graft survival."	( Mycophenolate mofetil introduction stabilizes and subsequent cyclosporine A reduction slightly improves kidney function in pediatric renal transplant patients: a retrospective analysis. Benz, K; Dötsch, J; Griebel, M; Klare, B; Montoya, C; Plank, C, 2006)	0.33
"0 mgxh/L of two MMF dosing intervals."	( Unexpectedly high exposure to enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium upon once-daily dosing. Christians, U; Filler, G; Lathia, A; LeBlanc, C, 2006)	0.33
" A model with 3 concentrations (2-, 4-, and 6-hour post start of infusion) best estimated observed total and unbound AUC0-12 after IV dosing (r>0."	( A limited sampling model for estimation of total and unbound mycophenolic acid (MPA) area under the curve (AUC) in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Barker, J; Jacobson, PA; Ng, J; Rogosheske, J; Weisdorf, D, 2006)	0.58
" Three intravenous (2-, 4-, 6-hour post start of infusion) or 4 oral (0-, 1-, 2-, and 6-hour post dose) MPA plasma concentrations measured over a 12-hour dosing interval will estimate the total and unbound AUC0-12 nearly as well as intensive pharmacokinetic sampling with good precision and low bias."	( A limited sampling model for estimation of total and unbound mycophenolic acid (MPA) area under the curve (AUC) in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Barker, J; Jacobson, PA; Ng, J; Rogosheske, J; Weisdorf, D, 2006)	0.58
" However, estimation of AUC requires multiple blood samples throughout the dosing period, which is often inconvenient and expensive."	( Beyond cyclosporine: a systematic review of limited sampling strategies for other immunosuppressants. Ensom, MH; Ting, LS; Villeneuve, E, 2006)	0.33
" In patients followed up for the first 3 months after transplantation, C(0) levels within the target range were only achieved after 1 to 3 months of repeated dosing and dose adjustment in both genotypic groups."	( CYP3A5*3 influences sirolimus oral clearance in de novo and stable renal transplant recipients. Djebli, N; Hoizey, G; Le Meur, Y; Marquet, P; Rérolle, JP; Szelag, JC; Toupance, O, 2006)	0.33
" A reduction in MPA dosage at the time of conversion may be necessary to prevent over-immunosuppression."	( Conversion to everolimus in maintenance patients--current clinical strategies. Pohanka, E, 2006)	0.33
" Fasting venous blood samples were obtained before dosing and at 40, 75, 120, and 240 minutes after administration of the morning dose of MME The validated Emit assay was used to measure MPA plasma concentrations."	( A comparison of measured trough levels and abbreviated AUC estimation by limited sampling strategies for monitoring mycophenolic acid exposure in stable heart transplant patients receiving cyclosporin A-containing and cyclosporin A-free immunosuppressive Dengler, TJ; Dösch, AO; Ehlermann, P; Katus, HA; Koch, A; Remppis, A, 2006)	0.54
" Statistically significant differences between RAPA/MMF and CsA/MMF were noted in the mean MMF dosage (1."	( A comparison of measured trough levels and abbreviated AUC estimation by limited sampling strategies for monitoring mycophenolic acid exposure in stable heart transplant patients receiving cyclosporin A-containing and cyclosporin A-free immunosuppressive Dengler, TJ; Dösch, AO; Ehlermann, P; Katus, HA; Koch, A; Remppis, A, 2006)	0.54
" We estimated risk of graft loss associated with MMF dose adjustments after GI diagnosis: dosage unchanged (reference), reduced <50%, reduced >or=50%, and MMF discontinued."	( Mycophenolate mofetil dose reductions and discontinuations after gastrointestinal complications are associated with renal transplant graft failure. Brennan, DC; Bunnapradist, S; Burroughs, TE; Hardinger, KL; Lentine, KL; Pinsky, BW; Schnitzler, MA, 2006)	0.33
" Twelve-hour pharmacokinetic profile of MPA for a renal transplant recipient receiving chronic oral dosing of 500mg mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was investigated."	( Molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction for rapid screening of mycophenolic acid in human plasma. Chen, Y; Wang, S; Yang, G; Yin, J, 2006)	0.57
" The clinical outcome analysis included decrease or disappearance of proteinuria, clinical improvement and/or possibility of tapering therapy intensity, especially the dosage of steroids and/or CsA."	( [Mycophenolate mofetil in treatment of childhood nephrotic syndrome--preliminary report]. Kwinta-Rybicka, J; Moczulska, A; Ogarek, I; Pełkowska, A; Pietrzyk, JA; Sancewicz-Pach, K; Stec, Z; Wierzchowska-Słowiacze, EK; Wilkosz, K, 2006)	0.33
" Children and adolescents particularly benefit from TDM, because dosing requirements are often not studied in the same detail as in adults."	( Value of therapeutic drug monitoring of MMF therapy in pediatric transplantation. Filler, G, 2006)	0.33
" It is suggested that therapeutic drug monitoring should be applied for dosage optimization."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide after a single and multiple oral dose of mycophenolate mofetil in Chinese renal transplantation recipients. Li, YP; Liang, MZ; Lu, YP; Nan, F, 2006)	0.66
" A pharmacokinetic study was performed during an interval in dosing after steady state had been reached within 2 months after transplantation."	( Investigation on pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in Chinese adult renal transplant patients. Da, X; Hongzhuan, C; Peijun, Z; Xianghui, W; Zicheng, Y, 2006)	0.61
" The usefulness of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of MPA after MMF dosing is not clear in Japanese renal transplant patients."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil in Japanese renal transplant recipients: A retrospective cohort study in a single center. Ito, Y; Kokuhu, T; Okamoto, M; Sasaki, T; Shibata, N; Sugioka, N; Takada, K; Yoshimura, N, 2006)	0.33
" Concentration-controlled dosing of MMF based on therapeutic drug monitoring may therefore be advantageous compared to a fixed-dose regimen."	( Validation of an abbreviated pharmacokinetic profile for the estimation of mycophenolic acid exposure in pediatric renal transplant recipients. Armstrong, VW; Hoecker, B; Oellerich, M; Tönshoff, B; Weber, LT, 2006)	0.56
" The availability of simple, sensitive assays that measure MPA in plasma permits individualization of dosing regimens according to pharmacokinetic principles."	( CEDIA mycophenolic acid assay compared with HPLC-UV in specimens from transplant recipients. Morris, RG; Ray, JE; Westley, IS, 2006)	0.81
"05) and the mean of prednisolone dosage decreased significantly from 34."	( Mycophenolate mofetil treatment in primary glomerular disease: one-year follow-up in steroid dependent and resistant nephrotic syndrome. Tasanarong, A; Thitiarchakul, S, 2006)	0.33
"0289] and with a significant decrease in the maximum MPA concentration after dosing [10."	( Effects of gastric emptying on oral mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in stable renal allograft recipients. Kuypers, D; Naesens, M; Vanrenterghem, Y; Verbeke, K, 2007)	0.61
"9 ng/mL and area under the curve over a dosing interval (AUC) was 132 +/- 56 ng x h/mL."	( Differential pharmacokinetic interaction of tacrolimus and cyclosporine on everolimus. Curtis, JJ; Hricik, DE; Kovarik, JM; Pescovitz, MD; Scantlebury, V; Vasquez, A, 2006)	0.33
" Intravenous dosing resulted in a median area under the curve (AUC) of 28."	( Highly variable mycophenolate mofetil bioavailability following nonmyeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation. Brunstein, C; DeFor, T; Ebeling, B; Green, K; Jacobson, P; McGlave, P; Rogosheske, J; Weisdorf, D, 2007)	0.34
" Questions remain unanswered on the optimal dosage and possible reduction in cases of remission."	( [Revision of the recommendations of the Commission on Pharmacotherapy of the German Society for Rheumatology. Comment on the use of mycophenolic acid for systemic lupus erythematosus]. Fischer-Betz, R; Hiepe, F, 2007)	0.54
" The results support the safety and efficacy of tacrolimus in combination with MMF, corticosteroids and basiliximab induction, as well as XL as a safe and effective once-daily dosing alternative."	( One-year results with extended-release tacrolimus/MMF, tacrolimus/MMF and cyclosporine/MMF in de novo kidney transplant recipients. Abouljoud, M; Bhattacharya, P; Dhadda, S; First, MR; Fitzsimmons, W; Holman, J; Kuo, PC; Silva, HT; Wisemandle, K; Yang, HC, 2007)	0.34
" At the age of 14 years, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was added to the maintenance therapy and the CSA dosage was reduced."	( Fifteen-year remission of a steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome sustained by cyclosporine A. Drube, J; Ehrich, JH; Geerlings, C; Mengel, M; Taylor, R, 2007)	0.34
" Single timepoint MPA concentration during the 12-hour dosing interval cannot reflect MPA AUC(12)."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and determination of area under the curve by abbreviated sampling strategy in Chinese liver transplant recipients. Chen, H; Deng, X; Fei, Y; Li, H; Peng, C; Qiu, W; Shen, B; Shen, C; Yang, W; Yu, Z; Zhou, G, 2007)	0.66
" Dosage effects of immunosuppressive drugs (tacrolimus, cyclosporin A, sirolimus, mycophenolic acid, and methylprednisolone) were evaluated in vitro and the assay was applied successfully to dialysis, renal transplant, and liver transplant patients."	( Validation of immunological biomarkers for the pharmacodynamic monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs in humans. Böhler, T; Budde, K; Glander, P; Gurragchaa, P; Kamar, N; Klupp, J; Neumayer, HH; Nolting, J; Reisener, K, 2007)	0.57
" Interestingly, the mycophenolic acid (MPA) blood level 2 hr after 80 mg/kg/day MMF bolus dosing was near 14 mg/L, but decreased dramatically thereafter, suggesting a drug availability issue."	( Mycophenolate mofetil inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis in vitro but has variable antitumor effects in vivo, possibly related to bioavailability. Geissler, EK; Koehl, GE; Lang, SA; Schlitt, HJ; Steinbauer, M; Stoeltzing, O; Wagner, F, 2007)	0.66
" Despite increasing therapeutic drug monitoring use, PK-assisted dosing is not universally adopted in part because of MPA's complex PK behavior."	( Monitoring of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase activity as a biomarker for mycophenolic acid effect: potential clinical implications. Alloway, RR; Derotte, M; Vinks, AA; Weimert, NA; Woodle, ES, 2007)	0.57
"5)), 2 (C(2)), 4 (C(4)), 6 (C(6)), 8 (C(8)), 10 (C(10)) and 12 (C(12)) hours after dosing on day 14 post-transplant."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and estimation of exposure using multiple linear regression equations in Chinese renal allograft recipients. Shao, K; Wang, XH; Xu, D; Yu, ZC; Zhao, JP; Zhou, PJ, 2007)	0.66
" Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was administered at doses of 2 g per day with subsequent dosage adjustment based on tolerability."	( A retrospective study of steroid elimination in simultaneous pancreas and preemptive kidney transplant (Sppre-Ktx) recipients. Gałazka, Z; Grochowiecki, T; Grygiel, K; Nazarewski, S; Paczek, L; Pietrasik, K; Sańko-Resmer, J; Szmidt, J; Wyzgał, J, 2006)	0.33
"Our long-term objective is to develop evidence-based guidelines for age-appropriate drug dosing of all drugs commonly used during childhood and adolescence, based on pharmacokinetically/pharmacogenetically determined drug exposure to maximize therapeutic yield while minimizing toxicity."	( Optimization of immunosuppressive drug monitoring in children. Filler, G, 2007)	0.34
" In renal transplant patients on immunosuppressant combination therapy, the overall mycophenolic acid exposure after oral dosing with mycophenolate mofetil and enteric-coated mycophenolate is similar."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mycophenolic acid after enteric-coated mycophenolate versus mycophenolate mofetil in patients with progressive IgA nephritis. Bauer, S; Budde, K; Carius, A; Czock, D; Glander, P; Keller, F; Rasche, FM; von Müller, L, 2007)	0.83
"Patients (n = 45) were randomized 2 : 1 to receive treatment with sirolimus (n = 30; dosed to maintain trough concentrations of 10-25 ng ml(-1) until week 8, and then 8-15 ng ml(-1) thereafter) or CsA (n = 15; administered as per centre practice) both in combination with daclizumab, oral MMF and corticosteroids."	( Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in combination with sirolimus or ciclosporin in renal transplant patients. Bouw, MR; Calleja, E; Hart, M; Leung, M; McKay, D; Melton, L; Mulgaonkar, S; Pescovitz, MD; Vincenti, F; Whelchel, J, 2007)	0.34
" High EC-MPS dosing was sustained throughout (>90% recommended dose) and dose modifications due to EC-MPS-related adverse events or infections were infrequent."	( Efficacy and safety of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in de novo renal transplant recipients: pooled data from three 12-month multicenter, open-label, prospective studies. Budde, K; Cohen, D; Legendre, C; Rostaing, L; Zeier, M, 2007)	0.34
"We retrospectively analyzed the impact of sirolimus addition (SRL) with a 25% dosing reduction in calcineurin inhibitors on liver function among patients with or without hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection."	( Lack of hepatotoxicity upon sirolimus addition to a calcineurin inhibitor-based regimen in hepatitis virus-positive renal transplant recipients. Chang, HR; Lian, JD; Lin, CC, 2007)	0.34
"This study proposes that MMF should be dosed based on TBW rather than a fixed dose regimen in RTX."	( Is a standard fixed dose of mycophenolate mofetil ideal for all patients? Chan, E; Lou, HX; Vathsala, A; Yau, WP, 2007)	0.34
" Moreover, bioequivalence dosing has only been established with concomitant ciclosporin."	( Safety considerations with mycophenolate sodium. Buffo, I; Filler, G, 2007)	0.34
" Here, we treated 71 patients with hematologic malignancies (median age 56 years) with unrelated PBSC grafts and investigated whether postgrafting immunosuppression with an extended course of MMF, given at full dosing until day +150 and then tapered through day +180, and a shortened course of CSP, through day +80, would promote tolerance induction and reduce the incidence of GVHD (current patients)."	( Extended mycophenolate mofetil and shortened cyclosporine failed to reduce graft-versus-host disease after unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation with nonmyeloablative conditioning. Baron, F; Bethge, W; Chauncey, TR; Lange, T; Langston, AA; Maloney, DG; Maris, MB; Maziarz, RT; McSweeney, PA; Petersdorf, E; Pulsipher, MA; Sandmaier, BM; Shizuru, JA; Sorror, ML; Storb, R; Storer, BE; Wade, JC; Woolfrey, AE, 2007)	0.34
" A tapering dosage of alternate-day prednisone was given to each patient during the first 16 wk of MMF therapy."	( Mycophenolate mofetil in children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome: a report from the Southwest Pediatric Nephrology Study Group. Ault, B; Baqi, N; Bruick, J; Bunke, M; Fitzgibbons, L; Hogg, RJ; Swinford, R; Trachtman, H, 2006)	0.33
" The results were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance followed by post-hoc tests, and nonlinear regression analysis for dose-response rates."	( Everolimus and mycophenolate mofetil sensitize human pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine in vitro: a novel adjunct to standard chemotherapy? Dillmann, S; Henne-Bruns, D; Keller, F; Klug, F; Mayer, JM; Stracke, S; Tuncyurek, P, 2007)	0.34
"To determine if coadministration of polysaccharide iron complex and slow-release ferrous sulfate alter the absorption of mycophenolic acid (MPA), and to examine the potential influence of dosing relative to mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) administration and the effect of immediate- versus sustained-release iron products on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of MPA."	( Lack of an effect of oral iron administration on mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in stable renal transplant recipients. Gelone, DK; Lake, KD; Park, JM, 2007)	0.8
" It reached its maximal effect at the dosage of 150 mg per kg of body weight when pretreated 2 h before LPS injection, with improvement of histological feather and survival rate (84."	( Mycophenolate mofetil prevents lethal acute liver failure in mice induced by bacille Calmette-Guérin and lipopolysaccharide. Hou, ZH; Tan, DM; Xie, YT; Yang, YF; Zhao, W; Zhong, YD, 2008)	0.35
" Mean MMF dosage was 285 mg/m(2) (range, 200-424 mg/m(2))."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil in stable pediatric liver transplant recipients receiving mycophenolate mofetil and cyclosporine. Bouw, R; Leung, M; Lobritto, SJ; Mamelok, RD; Rosenthal, P; Snell, P, 2007)	0.34
" Blood samples were collected just before (C0) and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours (C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 and C12) after dosing on days 2, 3, and 7 posttransplantation."	( Feasibility of C2 monitoring in Korean renal transplantation. Choi, GS; Han, YS; Joh, JW; Kim, DJ; Kim, SJ; Kwon, CH; Lee, SK; Park, JB, 2007)	0.34
"Compared with the lower dosage group, the differences of SCr level and pathological changes of CAN at all the time points after 8th week were statistically significant in the high dosage Yi Sheng group."	( [Explorative study on mechanism and drug intervention for chronic allograft nephropathy induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury]. Gao, R; Li, YP; Lu, YP; Xin, YP; Yang, YR; Yuan, GY; Zhang, XH, 2007)	0.34
" The aim of this study was to investigate correlations among time after transplant, subjects' demographics, and mycophenolate mofetil dosage according to body weight withmycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics during the early posttransplant period."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid during the early period after renal transplant. Abtahi, B; Mohammadpur, AH; Naghibi, M; Nazemian, F, 2007)	0.86
" The mycophenolate mofetil dosage according to body weight correlated positively with the AUC (P = ."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid during the early period after renal transplant. Abtahi, B; Mohammadpur, AH; Naghibi, M; Nazemian, F, 2007)	0.66
"Our results demonstrate that total body weight, time after transplant, and mycophenolate mofetil dosage according to body weight affect mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid during the early period after renal transplant. Abtahi, B; Mohammadpur, AH; Naghibi, M; Nazemian, F, 2007)	0.87
"Limited dosing regimen of daclizumab with MMF, steroids and delayed CsA introduction was safe and effective."	( CMV infections after two doses of daclizumab versus thymoglobulin in renal transplant patients receiving mycophenolate mofetil, steroids and delayed cyclosporine A. Abou-Ayache, R; Bergougnoux, L; Büchler, M; Caillard, S; Etienne, I; Goujon, JM; Le Meur, Y; Lepogamp, P; Lobbedez, T; Touchard, G; Toupance, O; Westeel, PF, 2008)	0.35
"The proposed model may provide a valuable approach for planning future pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies and for designing proper dosage regimens of MPA."	( Population pharmacokinetic modelling for enterohepatic circulation of mycophenolic acid in healthy Chinese and the influence of polymorphisms in UGT1A9. Ding, JJ; Jiao, Z; Liang, HQ; Lu, WY; Shen, J; Wang, Y; Zhong, LJ; Zhong, MK, 2008)	0.58
"Little is known about dosing of mycophenolate mofetil in pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant recipients; therefore, dosing strategies using other settings have been extended to this population."	( Higher mycophenolate dose requirements in children undergoing hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). Defor, T; Huang, J; Jacobson, P; Orchard, PJ; Rydholm, N; Tolar, J; Tran, M, 2008)	0.35
" A novel once-daily dosage form of tacrolimus has recently been developed and is approved for use in Europe."	( The role of tacrolimus in renal transplantation. Bowman, LJ; Brennan, DC, 2008)	0.35
" There was no change in AUC(0-12), maximum plasma concentration, trough plasma concentration, or oral clearance of tacrolimus with variation in dosage or AUC of MPA."	( No pharmacokinetic interactions between mycophenolic acid and tacrolimus in renal transplant recipients. Habuchi, T; Inoue, K; Inoue, T; Kagaya, H; Miura, M; Saito, M; Satoh, S; Suzuki, T, 2008)	0.61
" After 2 weeks, the dosage increased to 1000 mg twice a day because of the formation of new blisters."	( Coexistent psoriasis and bullous pemphigoid responding to mycophenolate mofetil monotherapy. Anyfantakis, V; Rallis, E, )	0.13
"A specific pharmacokinetic model was built to accurately fit MPA blood concentration-time profiles after MMF oral dosing in SLE patients, which allowed development of an accurate Bayesian estimator of MPA exposure that should allow MMF monitoring based on the AUC(12) in these patients."	( Pharmacokinetic study of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and design of Bayesian estimator using limited sampling strategies. Amoura, Z; Debord, J; Hulot, JS; Lechat, P; Marquet, P; Piette, JC; Saint-Marcoux, F; Zahr, N, 2008)	0.35
" The dosage of prednisone was reduced by a similar amount in both groups during the open-label phase."	( A trial of mycophenolate mofetil with prednisone as initial immunotherapy in myasthenia gravis. , 2008)	0.35
" This may be due to greater than predicted benefit from the prednisone dosage used, the short duration of the study, or the absence of any benefit of MMF in this population of patients with myasthenia gravis."	( A trial of mycophenolate mofetil with prednisone as initial immunotherapy in myasthenia gravis. , 2008)	0.35
" Twelve live donor liver transplant and 12 deceased donor liver transplant recipients were studied over a dosing interval after intravenous administration of mycophenolate mofetil."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in live donor liver transplant patients vs deceased donor liver transplant patients. Abt, P; Bozorgzadeh, A; Jain, A; Kashyap, R; Kwong, T; Orloff, M; Sharma, R; Tsoulfas, G; Venkataramanan, R, 2008)	0.67
" This interim analysis showed no evidence of an increased risk of poorer performance among the early steroid reduction or safety differences in kidney transplant recipients versus a regular dosage steroid group of patients."	( Corticosteroid reduction with tacrolimus (CORRETA) TRIAL: a prospective Brazilian multicenter, randomized trial of early corticosteroid reduction versus regular corticosteroid dosage maintenance on a tacrolimus (Prograf) and mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcep Abbud-Filho, M; Campos, HH; Carvalho, DB; Cavalcanti, RL; Garcia, VD; Goncalves, RT; Lobao-Neto, AA, 2008)	0.35
" Here, we investigate the optimal MMF dosing strategy based on pharmacokinetic studies in 20 Japanese alloSCT patients."	( Pharmacokinetics-based optimal dose-exploration of mycophenolate mofetil in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Hirai, M; Katayama, Y; Kawamori, Y; Kawano, H; Kawano, Y; Matsui, T; Minagawa, K; Nishikawa, S; Okamura, A; Sakaeda, T; Shimoyama, M; Yakushijin, K; Yamamori, M, 2008)	0.35
" Pharmacokinetic assays of mycophenolic acid (MPA) showed a therapeutic area under the curve (AUC) at the dosage of 3 g daily, although a large inter- and intraindividual variations of MPA plasma levels were found."	( Reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic transplantation from unrelated donors: evaluation of mycophenolate mofetil plus cyclosporin A as graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. Caballero, D; Calvo, MV; de la Cámara, R; de Oteiza, JP; Heras, I; Martino, R; Pérez-Simón, JA; Rebollo, N; San Miguel, JF; Sierra, J; Valcarcel, D, 2008)	0.64
" However, only one of the studies found concentration-controlled MMF dosing to be significantly associated with less biopsy-proven acute-rejection episodes compared with fixed dosing."	( Current target ranges of mycophenolic acid exposure and drug-related adverse events: a 5-year, open-label, prospective, clinical follow-up study in renal allograft recipients. de Jonge, H; de Loor, H; Dekens, M; Halewijck, E; Kuypers, DR; Naesens, M; Vanrenterghem, Y, 2008)	0.65
" This study did not find these target MPA AUC(0-12 h) ranges to be of clinical utility in guiding MMF dosing in patients with gastrointestinal or infectious AEs."	( Current target ranges of mycophenolic acid exposure and drug-related adverse events: a 5-year, open-label, prospective, clinical follow-up study in renal allograft recipients. de Jonge, H; de Loor, H; Dekens, M; Halewijck, E; Kuypers, DR; Naesens, M; Vanrenterghem, Y, 2008)	0.65
" MMF dosage at the final study visit was 381 +/- 241 mg/m(2) twice daily."	( Pilot study of mycophenolate mofetil for treatment of kidney disease due to congenital urinary tract disorders in children. Christen, E; Fortune, S; Frank, R; Horowitz, J; Palestro, C; Perelstein, E; Rini, J; Tarapore, F; Trachtman, H; Weiss, L, 2008)	0.35
"Triggered by heightened interest in mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for the treatment of autoimmune diseases (AID) and encouraged by the results from a previous study, we hypothesized that therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolic acid (MPA) based on troughs may be useful for effective MMF dosing in patients with AID."	( Association between mycophenolic acid 12-h trough levels and clinical endpoints in patients with autoimmune disease on mycophenolate mofetil. Bayer, P; Fang, IF; Fuhrmann, H; Jaeger, A; Kovarik, J; Neumann, I, 2008)	0.86
"Between December 2004 and February 2006, a single-center, open-label randomized trial of MMF (group A, n=75) versus EC-MPS (group B, n=75) was performed in primary renal transplant recipients receiving combined thymoglobulin/daclizumab induction along with reduced tacrolimus dosing and elimination of corticosteroids 1 week postoperatively."	( Randomized trial of mycophenolate mofetil versus enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in primary renal transplant recipients given tacrolimus and daclizumab/thymoglobulin: one year follow-up. Burke, GW; Ciancio, G; Gaynor, JJ; Hanson, L; Kupin, W; Miller, J; Rosen, A; Roth, D; Ruiz, P; Sageshima, J; Tueros, L, 2008)	0.35
" Optimizing either MMF or EC-MPS along with a combined thymoglobulin/daclizumab induction, low tacrolimus dosing and steroid avoidance resulted in a low AR rate and an acceptably high renal function at 12 months."	( Randomized trial of mycophenolate mofetil versus enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in primary renal transplant recipients given tacrolimus and daclizumab/thymoglobulin: one year follow-up. Burke, GW; Ciancio, G; Gaynor, JJ; Hanson, L; Kupin, W; Miller, J; Rosen, A; Roth, D; Ruiz, P; Sageshima, J; Tueros, L, 2008)	0.35
" Concentration-controlled dosing of MMF based on routine therapeutic drug monitoring, which requires area under the concentration-time curve (mycophenolic acid [MPA]-AUC0-12h) determinations, is uncommon."	( Defining algorithms for efficient therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolate mofetil in heart transplant recipients. Beiras-Fernandez, A; Bigdeli, AK; Kaczmarek, I; Kaczmarek, P; Meiser, B; Mueller, T; Reichart, B; Schmoeckel, M; Ueberfuhr, P; Vogeser, M, 2008)	0.55
"Conversion from MMF to EC-MPS may reduce GI complications and permit increased MPA dosing with a concomitant reduction in CNI dose."	( Benefits of conversion from mycophenolate mofetil to enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in pediatric renal transplant patients with stable graft function. Kotsifas, CH; Meneses, Rde P, 2009)	0.35
" After observing the need for high dose exogenous erythropoietin dosage in some patients on SRL, we hypothesized that SRL therapy may influence anemia by inducing a state of erythropoietin resistance."	( Reduction in erythropoietin resistance after conversion from sirolimus to enteric coated mycophenolate sodium. Augustine, JJ; Bodziak, KA; Hricik, DE; Padiyar, A; Rodriguez, V; Schulak, JA, 2008)	0.35
" CsA dosing was adjusted according to the 2-hour whole blood concentration (C2) level."	( Optimal C2 concentration of cyclosporin corrected with good efficacy and safety in Asian kidney transplant recipients. Chueh, SC; Chung, SD; Lai, MK; Tai, HC; Wang, SM, 2008)	0.35
" Our C2 dosing strategy resulted in good outcomes with acceptable side effects in our single-center experience."	( Optimal C2 concentration of cyclosporin corrected with good efficacy and safety in Asian kidney transplant recipients. Chueh, SC; Chung, SD; Lai, MK; Tai, HC; Wang, SM, 2008)	0.35
"In renal transplant patients receiving mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), maintaining an adequate dosing regimen has been shown to maximize short- and long-term outcomes."	( Impact of gastrointestinal-related side effects on mycophenolate mofetil dosing and potential therapeutic strategies. Ambühl, PM; Bunnapradist, S, )	0.13
" Discontinuing or reducing the dosage of mycophenolate mofetil can improve GI tolerability but adversely affect graft outcomes."	( Economic impact and long-term graft outcomes of mycophenolate mofetil dosage modifications following gastrointestinal complications in renal transplant recipients. Brennan, DC; Machnicki, G; Ricci, JF; Schnitzler, MA, 2008)	0.35
" The 3-year graft survival rates after first diagnosis of a GI complication were obtained in four cohorts of patients according to mycophenolate mofetil administration within 6 months of initial GI diagnosis: (i) no dosage change in mycophenolate mofetil (NC); (ii) one or more episodes of mycophenolate mofetil dosage reduction <50% of the initial dosage, lasting >30 days (DR <50%); (iii) one or more episodes of mycophenolate mofetil dosage reduction >or=50% of the initial dosage, lasting >30 days (DR >or=50%); and (iv) one or more episodes of mycophenolate mofetil discontinuation >30 days (DC)."	( Economic impact and long-term graft outcomes of mycophenolate mofetil dosage modifications following gastrointestinal complications in renal transplant recipients. Brennan, DC; Machnicki, G; Ricci, JF; Schnitzler, MA, 2008)	0.35
"We studied dosing patterns of MMF and azathioprine in the first year after transplantation and their impact on graft outcome after renal transplantation between 1999 and 2002 in the United Kingdom."	( The effect of mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine dose on renal allograft outcome in the United kingdom. Collett, D; Johnson, R; Raftery, M; Rudge, C; Shah, S; Yaqoob, MM, 2008)	0.35
" Afterwards the patients who responded to MMF received another 6 months MMF treatment at a dosage of 10-20 mg/kg daily."	( [A prospective multicenter clinical control trial on treatment of refractory nephrotic syndrome with mycophenolate mofetil in children]. Feng, SP; Liu, AM; Wei, MJ; Wu, XC; Wu, YB; Xu, H; Yang, Q; Yi, ZW; Yu, L; Zeng, ZF; Zhou, JH; Zhou, LJ; Zhu, GH, 2008)	0.35
" Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium provides an alternative to mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of de novo renal transplant recipients and ongoing research should indicate whether an intensified dosage regimen can further improve clinical outcomes."	( Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium: a review of its use in the prevention of renal transplant rejection. Keating, GM; Sanford, M, 2008)	0.35
"Although therapeutic drug monitoring for calcineurin inhibitors and mammalian targets of rapamycin inhibitors is well established, its utility in mycophenolate mofetil dosage adjustments is still the subject of ongoing debate."	( Individualization of immunosuppression: concepts and rationale. Chapman, JR; Wavamunno, MD, 2008)	0.35
" A concentration of 100 micromol/L (50 mg/L) AcMPAG, which provided effective inhibition of cell proliferation according to dose-response curves, was selected for gene expression analysis on microarray, verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction on the LightCycler."	( Regulation of IL2 and NUCB1 in mononuclear cells treated with acyl glucuronide of mycophenolic acid reveals effects independent of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibition. Armstrong, VW; Heller, T; Hitt, R; Oellerich, M; Petrova, DT; Shipkova, M; Wieland, E, 2009)	0.58
"After completing this learning activity, participants should be able to summarize the history and pharmacology of mycophenolate mofetil as an immunosuppressant; recognize its potential role in the treatment of dermatologic conditions, including general dosing guidelines, use in pregnancy and pediatrics, and potential adverse effects; and identify future considerations and developing areas of research regarding the use of mycophenolate mofetil in dermatology."	( Mycophenolate mofetil in dermatology. Breza, TS; Church, AA; Mitchell, CL; Orvis, AK; Watkins, SW; Wesson, SK, 2009)	0.35
" There were no differences in total or unbound MPA 24-h cumulative area under the curves (AUCs), concentrations at steady state (Css) or troughs between the two dosing regimens (all P>0."	( Comparison of two mycophenolate mofetil dosing regimens after hematopoietic cell transplantation. Brunstein, C; DeFor, T; El-Massah, SF; Jacobson, P; Jennissen, C; Kerr, A; Long-Boyle, J; Rogosheske, J; Tomblyn, M; Wagner, J; Weisdorf, D, 2009)	0.35
" The initial loading dosage was 2 mg/d, and the next dosage was 1 mg/d."	( Rapamycin instead of mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine in treatment of post-renal transplantation urothelial carcinoma. Hu, XP; Ma, LL; Wang, W; Wang, Y; Yang, XY; Yin, H; Zhang, XD, 2009)	0.35
" This resulted in dosing recommendations differing by 250 mg/12 h or more in 27% of cases."	( Comparison of 3 estimation methods of mycophenolic acid AUC based on a limited sampling strategy in renal transplant patients. Audard, V; Barau, C; Blanchet, B; Durrbach, A; Furlan, V; Grimbert, P; Hulin, A; Lang, P; Taïeb, F; Tod, M, 2009)	0.62
"In this paper, a chemometrical approach is applied for the development of a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of mycophenolate mofetil and its degradation product mycophenolic acid in dosage form."	( Development of liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of mycophenolate mofetil and its degradation product mycophenolic acid in dosage form. Jocić, B; Protić, A; Zecević, M; Zivanović, Lj, 2009)	0.74
" Promising areas of ongoing study include use of Bayesian forecasting to predict MPA dosage and measurement of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase activity."	( Therapeutic monitoring of mycophenolate in transplantation: is it justified? Barraclough, KA; Isbel, NM; Johnson, DW; Staatz, CE, 2009)	0.35
" Dosing compliance (DC) was calculated for each patient and the mean DC was compared between the two groups."	( Impact of a pharmaceutical care program on liver transplant patients' compliance with immunosuppressive medication: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial using electronic monitoring. Klein, A; Krämer, I; Otto, G, 2009)	0.35
" Dose adjustment according to drug concentration measurements is recommended to optimize dosing of MMF and to maintain adequate immunosuppression in patients converted to low-dose CNI therapy."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide metabolites in stable adult liver transplant recipients with renal dysfunction on a low-dose calcineurin inhibitor regimen and mycophenolate mofetil. Armstrong, VW; Beckebaum, S; Cicinnati, VR; Gerken, G; Klein, CG; Oellerich, M; Paul, A; Streit, F, 2009)	0.68
" However, the necessity of dosage adjustment based on renal graft function requires further studies."	( Influence of renal graft function on mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics during the early period after kidney transplant. Abtahi, B; Mohammadpur, AH; Naghibi, M; Nazemian, F, 2008)	0.62
" We randomly assigned 370 patients with classes III through V lupus nephritis to open-label MMF (target dosage 3 g/d) or IVC (0."	( Mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclophosphamide for induction treatment of lupus nephritis. Appel, GB; Contreras, G; Dooley, MA; Ginzler, EM; Isenberg, D; Jayne, D; Li, LS; Mysler, E; Sánchez-Guerrero, J; Solomons, N; Wofsy, D, 2009)	0.35
" Economic impact and long-term graft outcomes of mycophenolate mofetil dosage modifications following gastrointestinal complications in renal transplant recipients."	( Mycophenolate mofetil dosage modifications following gastrointestinal complications in renal transplant patients. Jindal, RM; Salifu, MO, 2009)	0.35
" Simulations were performed to assess the influence of the time of bile release after dosing (T(bile)) and the gallbladder emptying interval (tau(gall)) on the EHC process."	( Mechanism-based enterohepatic circulation model of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide metabolite: assessment of impact of cyclosporine dose in Asian renal transplant patients. Chan, E; Lou, HX; Vathsala, A; Yau, WP; Zhou, S, 2009)	0.6
" The optimal dosing strategy and duration of MMF treatment have not been established."	( What is the value of mycophenolate mofetil as induction and maintenance therapy in lupus nephritis? Jones, RB; Smith, KG; Walsh, M, 2009)	0.35
" This 2-year, open-label, randomized, multicenter trial compared the efficacy and safety of concentration-controlled MMF (MMF(CC)) dosing with a fixed-dose regimen in 720 kidney recipients."	( Fixed- or controlled-dose mycophenolate mofetil with standard- or reduced-dose calcineurin inhibitors: the Opticept trial. Angelis, M; Bloom, RD; Cibrik, D; Gaston, RS; Kaplan, B; Meier-Kriesche, HU; Mulgaonkar, S; Patel, D; Shah, T; Shaw, LM, 2009)	0.35
" Tacrolimus was dosed seeking a trough blood level of 8 to 10 ng/mL by month 3 and 5 to 8 ng/mL thereafter."	( Prospective clinical trial comparing two immunosuppressive regimens, tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil versus everolimus and low-dose cyclosporine, in de novo renal transplant recipients: results at 6 months follow-up. Castagneto, M; Citterio, F; Delreno, F; Favi, E; Gargiulo, A; Romagnoli, J; Spagnoletti, G, 2009)	0.35
" In contrast, follow-up biopsies from 1 patient whose dosage was not altered showed persistent abnormal apoptotic counts in the duodenum."	( Mycophenolic acid (cellcept and myofortic) induced injury of the upper GI tract. Montgomery, E; Nguyen, T; Park, JY; Scudiere, JR, 2009)	1.8
" This study assessed the relationship between the number of medication dosage adjustments and posttransplantation side effects."	( Enteric coating of mycophenolate reduces dosage adjustments. Brister, K; Slakey, D; Yau, CL, 2009)	0.35
" Blood samples were taken over one dosing interval on day 7 and at months 3, 7 and 12 post-transplantation."	( Mycophenolic acid exposure after administration of mycophenolate mofetil in the presence and absence of cyclosporin in renal transplant recipients. Bouw, RM; Ekberg, H; Grinyó, J; Kuypers, DR; Mamelok, RD; Nashan, B; Snell, P; Vincenti, F, 2009)	1.8
" In contrast to the postdose reductions of IMPDH activity observed early posttransplant, IMPDH activity within both treatment groups was elevated throughout the dosing interval at week 13."	( Mycophenolate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in belatacept treated renal allograft recipients - a pilot study. Bergan, S; Bremer, S; Holdaas, H; Jørgensen, PF; Midtvedt, K; Rootwelt, H; Stenstrøm, J; Vethe, NT, 2009)	0.35
"The significant influence of MPA on IMPDH1 expression, possibly mediated through reduced guanine nucleotide levels, could explain the elevations of IMPDH activity within dosing intervals at week 13."	( Mycophenolate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in belatacept treated renal allograft recipients - a pilot study. Bergan, S; Bremer, S; Holdaas, H; Jørgensen, PF; Midtvedt, K; Rootwelt, H; Stenstrøm, J; Vethe, NT, 2009)	0.35
" Also a complete 12-hour pharmacokinetic profile was recorded for 15 transplant patients who had the polymorphism and for 15 controls who were randomly chosen since they received the same type and dosage of mycophenolate, same posttransplant time and similar renal function."	( The prevalence of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 (UGT1A9) gene promoter region single-nucleotide polymorphisms T-275A and C-2152T and its influence on mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in stable renal transplant patients. Arroyo, M; Barrientos, A; Calvo, N; De la Orden, V; Maestro, ML; Ortega, D; Pérez-Flores, I; Sánchez-Fructuoso, AI; Veganzone, S; Viudarreta, M, )	0.33
" MMF dosage was adjusted based on hematologic or gastrointestinal toxicity."	( Mycophenolate mofetil absorption quotient: interest to clinical practice. Amezquita, Y; Caldés, S; Fernández, A; Galeano, C; Marcen, R; Ortuño, J; Pascual, J; Rodriguez-Mendiola, N; Villafruela, J, )	0.13
" Therefore, we analyzed the effect of different dosing patterns of MMF and EC-MPS on IMPDH activity in stable patients after renal transplantation."	( Comparison of inosine-monophosphate-dehydrogenase activity in patients with enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium or mycophenolate mofetil after renal transplantation. Küpper, M; Rath, T, )	0.13
" In week 2 and 3 posttransplant, a significant adjustment in the ADV dosage was necessary to achieve sufficient tacrolimus trough levels."	( Modified release tacrolimus in de novo immunosuppression after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation--a first single-center experience. Claas, S; Klein, T; Krämer, BK; Krüger, B; Schenker, P; Traska, T; Viebahn, R; Wunsch, A, )	0.13
" No relationship was observed between osteoporosis and age, sex, body mass index, duration of hemodialysis therapy, cumulative dosage of any drugs, or use of pulsed methylprednisolone therapy."	( Osteoporosis and related risk factors in renal transplant recipients. Ahmadpoor, P; Ghafari, A; Makhdoomi, K; Rahimi, E; Reisi, S; Sepehrvand, N, 2009)	0.35
" 2 patients reduced the MMF dosage because of anemia or herpes labialis."	( Mycophenolate mofetil therapy for childhood-onset steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome after long-term cyclosporine: extended experience in a single center. Fujinaga, S; Hirano, D; Kaneko, K; Nishizaki, N; Ohtomo, Y; Ohtsuka, Y; Shimizu, T; Someya, T, 2009)	0.35
" The current practice of MMF 1 gm twice daily dosing provides low plasma concentrations in many patients."	( Mycophenolate pharmacokinetics and association with response to acute graft-versus-host disease treatment from the Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network. Alousi, A; Bolaños-Meade, J; Grimley, M; Ho, V; Huang, J; Jacobson, PA; Kim, M; Levine, JE; Logan, B; Weisdorf, D; Wu, J, 2010)	0.36
"Individualization of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) dosing based on mycophenolic acid (MPA) therapeutic drug monitoring may minimize the risk of organ transplant rejection."	( Validation of limited sampling strategy for estimation of mycophenolic acid exposure during the first year after heart transplantation. Baraldo, M; Cojutti, PG; Feruglio, MT; Furlanut, M; Isola, M; Livi, U; Tursi, V, 2009)	0.84
"Patients with active lupus nephritis (renal biopsy class III, IV, or V) were recruited for the study (n = 370) and treated with mycophenolate mofetil (target dosage 3 gm/day) or intravenous cyclophosphamide (0."	( Nonrenal disease activity following mycophenolate mofetil or intravenous cyclophosphamide as induction treatment for lupus nephritis: findings in a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-group clinical trial. Dooley, MA; Ginzler, EM; Gordon, C; Isenberg, D; Lisk, L; Wofsy, D, 2010)	0.36
" Systemic corticosteroid dosage was reduced to 10 mg of prednisone or less, while maintaining sustained control of inflammation, in 41% and 55% of patients in 6 months and 1 year respectively."	( Mycophenolate mofetil for ocular inflammation. Daniel, E; Foster, CS; Jabs, DA; Kaçmaz, RO; Kempen, JH; Levy-Clarke, GA; Newcomb, CW; Nussenblatt, RB; Pujari, SS; Rosenbaum, JT; Suhler, EB; Thorne, JE, 2010)	0.36
" All patients received concomitant steroids, but there was a significant decrease in steroid dosage from 36 (+/-16) mg/day at baseline to 19 (+/-14) mg/day at last follow-up (p<0."	( Mycophenolate mofetil in Takayasu's arteritis. Danda, D; Edwin, N; Goel, R; Mathew, J, 2010)	0.36
"With the increasing use of mycophenolic acid (MPA) in solid organ transplantation, the need for more accurate drug dosing has become evident."	( Consensus report on therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolic acid in solid organ transplantation. Cantarovich, M; Cattaneo, D; Chapman, J; Gelder, Tv; Holt, DW; Kuypers, DR; Le Meur, Y; Tett, SE; Tönshoff, B; Tredger, MJ, 2010)	0.91
"MPA TDM-based MMF dosage adjustment enabled us to administer MMF more confidently than categorical dosing."	( A clinical assessment of mycophenolate drug monitoring after liver transplantation. Ahn, CS; Choi, NK; Choi, YI; Ha, TY; Hwang, S; Jung, DH; Kim, KH; Kim, KW; Lee, SG; Moon, DB; Park, GC; Park, PJ; Song, GW; Yu, YD, )	0.13
" In summary, modern immunosuppression today allows us to reduce the dosage of steroids and to avoid the prolonged use of cyclophosphamide."	( Induction and maintenance therapy in proliferative lupus nephritis. Glassock, RJ; Moroni, G; Ponticelli, C, )	0.13
" However, if dosing in routine clinical practice was adjusted based only on trough concentration, 41% of our patients would require a different dose compared with monitoring using AUC0-12."	( A reliable limited sampling strategy for the estimation of mycophenolic acid area under the concentration time curve in adult renal transplant patients in the stable posttransplant period. Annapandian, VM; Chandy, SJ; Fleming, DH; John, GT; Mathew, BS; Prasanna, CG; Prasanna, S, 2010)	0.6
" Enhanced CL/F in relation with an increase in MPA free fraction results in a low AUC of total MPA during the first postoperative month, but on average, at the population level, the exposure to free MPA is not altered, suggesting that total MPA AUC should not be used to adapt MMF dosing during this period."	( Variability in free mycophenolic acid exposure in adult liver transplant recipients during the early posttransplantation period. Abbas, H; Benichou, AS; Bernard, D; Blanchet, B; Calmus, Y; Conti, F; Dauphin, A; Harcouet, L; Hornecker, M; Scatton, O; Taieb, F; Tod, M, 2010)	0.68
" There was no significant correlation between C0 and C1 MPA levels and the reduction of PASI, improvement rates of PASI from baseline, weight of the patients and total dosage of MMF."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolic acid in patients with psoriasis. Alvarez-Ruiz, S; Daudén, E; García-Diez, A; García-Río, I; Oñate, MJ; Pedraz, J; Sánchez-Peinado, C, )	0.42
" This pharmacokinetic study investigated whether an intensified dosing regimen of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) could achieve higher mycophenolic acid (MPA) exposure early after transplantation versus a standard dosing regimen."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intensified versus standard dosing of mycophenolate sodium in renal transplant patients. Ariatabar, T; Arns, W; Budde, K; Fischer, W; Glander, P; Kramer, S; Shipkova, M; Sommerer, C; Vogel, EM; Zeier, M, 2010)	0.56
"De novo kidney transplant recipients (n = 75) who were treated with basiliximab induction and cyclosporine were randomly assigned to receive EC-MPS as either standard dosing (1440 mg/d; n = 37) or intensified dosing (days 0 through 14: 2880 mg/d; days 15 through 42: 2160 mg/d; followed by 1440 mg/d; n = 38)."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intensified versus standard dosing of mycophenolate sodium in renal transplant patients. Ariatabar, T; Arns, W; Budde, K; Fischer, W; Glander, P; Kramer, S; Shipkova, M; Sommerer, C; Vogel, EM; Zeier, M, 2010)	0.36
" IMPDH activity decreased to 75% and 67% at 1 and 2 h after dosing respectively."	( Evaluation of inosin-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase activity during maintenance therapy with tacrolimus. Maiguma, T; Oishi, R; Okabe, Y; Otsubo, K; Sugitani, A; Tanaka, M; Teshima, D; Yosida, T, 2010)	0.36
" Three immunosuppressant dosing regimens were evaluated, including both fixed and concentration-controlled dosing of mycophenolate mofetil in combination with standard and reduced calcineurin inhibitor levels."	( Mycophenolic acid exposure in high- and low-weight renal transplant patients after dosing with mycophenolate mofetil in the Opticept trial. Bloom, RD; Gaston, RS; Kaplan, B; Meier-Kriesche, HU; Shaw, LM, 2010)	1.8
"5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours after dosing in 27 patients."	( Correlation between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mycophenolic acid in liver transplant patients. Baiyong, S; Bing, C; Chuan, S; Hao, C; Minmin, S; Weixia, Z; Xi, Z; Xiaxing, D; Zhidong, G, 2010)	0.6
"In the prospective, randomized, multicenter APOMYGRE trial conducted in France, concentration-controlled mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) dosing based on mycophenolic acid (MPA) exposure significantly reduced the treatment failure and acute rejection during the first posttransplantation year compared with fixed-dose MMF."	( Cost-effectiveness analysis of individualized mycophenolate mofetil dosing in kidney transplant patients in the APOMYGRE trial. Buchler, M; Compagnon, P; Debruyne, D; Hary, L; Hoizey, G; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Laroche, ML; Le Meur, Y; Loichot-Roselmac, C; Marquet, P; Rousseau, A; Saivin, S; Turcant, A; Venisse, N; Vergnenègre, A; Villeneuve, C, 2010)	0.56
" The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility, efficacy and safety of MMF introduction and CNI dosage reduction in the maintenance immunosuppressive protocol to improve renal function in liver transplant recipients with chronic renal dysfunction."	( Improvement of renal function after conversion to mycophenolate mofetil combined with low-level calcineurin inhibitor in liver transplant recipients with chronic renal dysfunction. Castroagudín, JF; López-Lago, A; Molina, E; Otero, E; Ponton, C; Tomé, S; Varo Pérez, E; Vizcaíno, L, 2010)	0.36
" Reduction of tacrolimus or cyclosporine dosage was performed to achieve respective target trough levels of <5 ng/mL or <50 ng/mL."	( Improvement of renal function after conversion to mycophenolate mofetil combined with low-level calcineurin inhibitor in liver transplant recipients with chronic renal dysfunction. Castroagudín, JF; López-Lago, A; Molina, E; Otero, E; Ponton, C; Tomé, S; Varo Pérez, E; Vizcaíno, L, 2010)	0.36
" Mycophenolate mofetil dosage ranged from 1 to 2 g daily (25."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronidated metabolites in stable islet transplant recipients. Al-Khatib, M; Ensom, MH; Partovi, N; Shapiro, RJ; Ting, LS, 2010)	0.68
" We reviewed outcomes and prednisone dosage for all our acetylcholine-receptor (AChR)-antibody positive MG patients treated with MMF alone or with prednisone for at least 3 months."	( Mycophenolate mofetil in AChR-antibody-positive myasthenia gravis: outcomes in 102 patients. Alpers, J; Burns, TM; Conaway, MR; Hehir, MK; Sanders, DB; Sawa, M, 2010)	0.36
"De novo renal transplant patients were randomized to receive intensified dosing of MMF (1."	( The CLEAR study: a 5-day, 3-g loading dose of mycophenolate mofetil versus standard 2-g dosing in renal transplantation. Barama, AA; Cardella, CJ; Dandavino, R; Gourishankar, S; Houde, I; Keown, PA; Kiberd, BA; Landsberg, D; Pirc, L; Shoker, A; Wrobel, MM, 2010)	0.36
" Further studies are required to determine whether limited intensified MMF dosing can reduce acute rejection."	( The CLEAR study: a 5-day, 3-g loading dose of mycophenolate mofetil versus standard 2-g dosing in renal transplantation. Barama, AA; Cardella, CJ; Dandavino, R; Gourishankar, S; Houde, I; Keown, PA; Kiberd, BA; Landsberg, D; Pirc, L; Shoker, A; Wrobel, MM, 2010)	0.36
" An individualized dosing regimen of MMF, with a target AUC(0-12) of 35 microg."	( Mycophenolic acid area under the curve correlates with disease activity in lupus patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil. Amoura, Z; Arnaud, L; Costedoat-Chalumeau, N; Funck-Brentano, C; Haroche, J; Hulot, JS; Marquet, P; Piette, JC; Zahr, N, 2010)	1.8
" Here we tested whether pharmacokinetic monitoring may help to optimize dosing of MPA in an Asian population."	( Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in severe lupus nephritis. Avihingsanon, Y; Kittanamongkolchai, W; Lertdumrongluk, P; Somparn, P; Traitanon, O; Vadcharavivad, S, 2010)	0.68
" Mean (SD) MPA dose (EC-MPS dosage was converted to MMF equivalent) during months 0 to 12 was similar: EC-MPS, 1820 (370) mg/d, vs MMF, 1860 (290) mg/d."	( Superior efficacy of enteric-coated mycophenolate vs mycophenolate mofetil in de novo transplant recipients: pooled analysis. Arns, W; Bertoni, E; Budde, K; Civati, G; Holzer, H; Lien, B; Salvadori, M, 2010)	0.36
"There is paucity in the data examining the differences in mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) dosing and outcomes among pediatric kidney transplant recipients (PKTX) between races."	( A critical analysis of racial difference with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) dosing, clinical outcomes and adverse effects in pediatric kidney transplant patients. Baliga, PK; Chavin, KD; Jensen, CJ; Orak, J; Shatat, IF; Shrivastava, S; Taber, DJ; Weimert, NA, )	0.13
" Intra-individual variability in MPA profiles precluded the ability to predict MMF dosing for the second transplant based on that during the first."	( Can mycophenolic acid dose requirement during the first transplant help predict dosing for the second transplant? Annapandian, VM; Basu, G; Fleming, DH; Jacob, CK; John, GT; Mathew, BS, 2010)	0.92
"Weight-adjusted MMF dosing alone does not reliably allow for the prediction of exposure to biologically active MPA in cSLE."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mycophenolic acid and their relation to response to therapy of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Brunner, HI; Cox, S; Dina, B; Fukuda, T; Klein-Gitelman, MS; Nelson, S; Sagcal-Gironella, AC; Sherwin, CM; Vinks, AA; Wiers, K, 2011)	0.64
"We therefore performed this subgroup analysis of the FDCC trial, a 12-month, prospective, randomised study, comparing fixed-dose (FD) with concentration-controlled (CC) MMF dosing in paediatric and adult renal transplant recipients."	( Comparison of MMF efficacy and safety in paediatric vs. adult renal transplantation: subgroup analysis of the randomised, multicentre FDCC trial. Dehennault, M; Garcia Meseguer, C; Höcker, B; Machado, P; Martin-Govantes, J; Rubik, J; Tedesco, H; Tönshoff, B; van Gelder, T, 2011)	0.37
"The mean MMF dosage of the non-PPI patients was 770 (249) mg/12 h and 771 (291) mg/12 h in pantoprazole-treated patients (NS)."	( Proton pump inhibitors interfere with the immunosuppressive potency of mycophenolate mofetil. Bönisch-Schmidt, S; Dikow, R; Hug, F; Schaier, M; Scharpf, D; Schmitt, WH; Scholl, C; Schwenger, V; Sommerer, C; Zeier, M, 2010)	0.36
" Drug-induced neutropenia, especially MMF-induced neutropenia, was suspected, and the dosage of MMF was reduced."	( Mycophenolate mofetil-induced agranulocytosis in a renal transplant recipient. Chikaraishi, T; Kimura, K; Matsui, K; Sasaki, H; Shibagaki, Y; Yasuda, T, 2010)	0.36
"CNI dosage was significantly tapered after introduction of 2,000 mg MMF per day."	( Sustained renal response to mycophenolate mofetil and CNI taper promotes survival in liver transplant patients with CNI-related renal dysfunction. Altendorf-Hofmann, A; Büchler, P; Friess, H; Kornberg, A; Kornberg, J; Krause, B; Küpper, B; Sappler, A; Thrum, K; Wilberg, J, 2011)	0.37
" The median dosage of MMF was 1180 mg/d at the end of follow-up."	( Introduction of mycophenolate mofetil in maintenance liver transplant recipients: what can we expect? Results of a 10-year experience. Adham, M; Boillot, O; Dumortier, J; Guillaud, O; Pittau, G; Salandre, J; Scoazec, JY, 2010)	0.36
"The population pharmacokinetic model for MPA can be used to explore dosing guidelines for safe and effective immunotherapy in children and young people undergoing transplantation."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in children and young people undergoing blood or marrow and solid organ transplantation. Blair, EY; Coakley, JC; Earl, JW; Hodson, E; McLachlan, AJ; Montgomery, K; Nath, CE; Shaw, PJ; Stephen, K; Stormon, M; Zeng, L, 2010)	0.65
"To perform a comparative analysis of MMF dosage and MPA concentration and their effect on post-HTx renal function."	( Mycophenolate acid vs mycophenolate mofetil therapy. Almenar, L; Martínez-Dolz, L; Portolés, M; Rivera, M; Roselló, E; Salvador, A; Sánchez-Lázaro, IJ, 2010)	0.36
" The correlation between mean MMF dosage and MPA concentrations at all visits vs renal function values was analyzed using serum creatinine concentration, creatinine clearance (CrCl; Modification of Diet in Renal Disease), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR; Cockcroft-Gault formula)."	( Mycophenolate acid vs mycophenolate mofetil therapy. Almenar, L; Martínez-Dolz, L; Portolés, M; Rivera, M; Roselló, E; Salvador, A; Sánchez-Lázaro, IJ, 2010)	0.36
"There are important differences in the relationship of MPA concentration vs MMF dosage and post-HTx renal function."	( Mycophenolate acid vs mycophenolate mofetil therapy. Almenar, L; Martínez-Dolz, L; Portolés, M; Rivera, M; Roselló, E; Salvador, A; Sánchez-Lázaro, IJ, 2010)	0.36
"Eleven blood samples were obtained from each patient over a 12-hour dosing period."	( Pharmacogenetic impact of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase metabolic pathway and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 transport pathway on mycophenolic acid in thoracic transplant recipients: an exploratory study. Benoit-Biancamano, MO; Bernard, O; Ensom, MH; Guillemette, C; Riggs, KW; Ting, LS, 2010)	0.56
"The trapezoidal extrapolated AUC(0-8h), and possibly trapezoidal AUC(0-2h), may be useful for routine therapeutic MPA monitoring in liver transplant recipients in which the dosing frequency is increased from twice to three times a day."	( A limited sampling strategy for estimation of the area under the curve (0 to 8 hours) of mycophenolic acid administered three times daily to liver transplant recipients. Bouzas, L; Marcos, B; Tutor, JC, 2011)	0.59
"To determine the proportion of patients achieving tacrolimus whole-blood concentrations of ≥10 ng/mL within 3 days of kidney transplantation, after randomization either to standard dosing (control group) or post-transplantation dosing guided by a 2-hour (C(2) ) level following a preoperative tacrolimus dose (T2 group)."	( Pre-transplant pharmacokinetic profiling and tacrolimus requirements post-transplant. Butcher, BE; Campbell, S; Ferrari, P; Hawley, C; Hutchison, B; Irish, A; Walker, R, 2010)	0.36
" Subsequent dosing in both groups was based upon tacrolimus trough level monitoring."	( Pre-transplant pharmacokinetic profiling and tacrolimus requirements post-transplant. Butcher, BE; Campbell, S; Ferrari, P; Hawley, C; Hutchison, B; Irish, A; Walker, R, 2010)	0.36
" Because research in pharmacogenetics already identified polymorphisms impacting their pharmacokinetic parameters in adults, developmental pharmacogenetics of immunosuppressants holds promises for optimizing dosage regimens and improving clinical outcome in children."	( Developmental pharmacogenetics of immunosuppressants in pediatric organ transplantation. Fakhoury, M; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Zhao, W, 2010)	0.36
"This is the first long-term, randomized trial comparing enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium versus mycophenolate mofetil along with reduced maintenance tacrolimus dosing and steroid avoidance, which resulted in similarly low-BPAR rates, acceptably high renal function at 48 months, and an equivalent side effect profile."	( Randomized trial of mycophenolate mofetil versus enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in primary renal transplantation with tacrolimus and steroid avoidance: four-year analysis. Brown, R; Burke, GW; Chen, L; Ciancio, G; Gaynor, JJ; Guerra, G; Hanson, L; Kupin, W; Roth, D; Ruiz, P; Sageshima, J; Tueros, L; Zarak, A, 2011)	0.37
" A fixed dosing of MMF often causes bone marrow toxicity or cytomegalovirus antigenemia under the optimal dosing of calcineurin inhibitors."	( [Optimal immunosuppressive therapy based on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antimetabolites in clinical practice]. Naito, T, 2010)	0.36
" Response was evaluated 3 months after the onset of MMF by comparing muscle strength and steroid dosage before and after treatment."	( Mycophenolate mofetil in juvenile dermatomyositis: a case series. Bader-Meunier, B; Cimaz, R; Dagher, R; Desjonquères, M; Duquesne, A; Fischbach, M; Guiguonis, V; Picherot, G; Quartier, P, 2012)	0.38
"6 μg/mL, and area under the drug concentration-time curve over a dosing interval (AUC) was 12."	( Pharmacokinetics of sotrastaurin combined with tacrolimus or mycophenolic acid in de novo kidney transplant recipients. Arns, W; Budde, K; Dantal, J; Grinyo, JM; Kovarik, JM; Proot, P; Rostaing, L; Steiger, JU, 2011)	0.61
" The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC 0-12) is considered the criterion standard for monitoring of MPA, which is a reflection of exposure to the drug over the entire dosing period."	( Mycophenolate, clinical pharmacokinetics, formulations, and methods for assessing drug exposure. Brunet, M; Cattaneo, D; Kuypers, DR; Marquet, P; Miura, M; Saint-Marcoux, F; Staatz, CE; Tett, SE; van Gelder, T; Vinks, AA, 2011)	0.37
"Patients were randomized to receive either intensified dosing of mycophenolate mofetil (1."	( The role of proton pump inhibitors on early mycophenolic acid exposure in kidney transplantation: evidence from the CLEAR study. Dandavino, R; Gourishankar, S; Keown, P; Kiberd, BA; Wrobel, M, 2011)	0.63
" After completing this learning activity, readers should be able to summarize the pharmacology of MMF as an immunosuppressant; recognize its potential role in the treatment of pemphigus, including general dosing guidelines and laboratory monitoring schedules, use in patient populations and potential adverse effects; and identify future considerations and developing areas of research regarding the use of mycophenolic acid in the treatment of autoimmune blistering diseases."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of mycophenolate mofetil for pemphigus. Aricò, M; Bongiorno, MR; Doukaki, S; Pistone, G, 2011)	0.54
" The results support differential MPA dosing and the role of therapeutic drug monitoring in addition to considering the influence of renal function and concurrent immunosuppressives on MPA and MPAG pharmacokinetics."	( Mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics during maintenance immunosuppression in African American and Caucasian renal transplant recipients. Attwood, K; Danison, RT; DiFrancesco, R; Dole, K; Forrest, A; Gundroo, AC; Leca, N; Sudchada, P; Tornatore, KM; Venuto, RC; Wilding, GE; Zack, J, 2011)	1.81
" Full profiles of MPA plasma concentrations, T-cell proliferation, intracytoplasmic IL-2 and TNF-α expression, and both CD71 and CD25 expression were collected over the 12h after dosing in 10 patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation."	( Inhibition of T-cell activation and proliferation by mycophenolic acid in patients awaiting liver transplantation: PK/PD relationships. Canivet, C; Gandia, P; Johnson, G; Kamar, N; Marquet, P; Muscari, F; Peron, JM; Prémaud, A; Rostaing, L; Rousseau, A, 2011)	0.62
" The two treatment groups were compared for blood concentrations of CsA, the extent of acceptable dosage reduction for the maintenance of immunotherapy, potential effects of kidney protection, and promotion of graft function."	( Combination therapy with diltiazem plus CsA/MMF/Pred or CsA/Aza/Pred triple immunosuppressive regimens for use in clinical kidney transplantation in Northwestern China. Ding, X; Fan, X; Feng, X; Hou, J; Pan, X; Qin, G; Song, Y; Tian, P; Tian, X; Xiang, H; Xue, W; Yan, H, 2011)	0.37
"In our cohort of renal transplantation patients, co-administration of CsA and diltiazem increased CsA blood concentration, thereby resulting in a reduction in its required dosage treatment, which lightened the patients' economic burden while improving primary and long-term kidney function by promoting the recovery of graft function and decreasing hepatic and renal toxicity."	( Combination therapy with diltiazem plus CsA/MMF/Pred or CsA/Aza/Pred triple immunosuppressive regimens for use in clinical kidney transplantation in Northwestern China. Ding, X; Fan, X; Feng, X; Hou, J; Pan, X; Qin, G; Song, Y; Tian, P; Tian, X; Xiang, H; Xue, W; Yan, H, 2011)	0.37
"Efficacy and safety of an intensified dosing (ID) regimen of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS), which achieves higher mycophenolic acid exposure early posttransplantation, were evaluated in comparison with a standard dosing (SD) regimen."	( Safety and efficacy of intensified versus standard dosing regimens of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in de novo renal transplant patients. Ariatabar, T; Arns, W; Budde, K; Fischer, W; Glander, P; Hackenberg, R; Kramer, S; Liefeldt, L; Schmidt, J; Shipkova, M; Sommerer, C; Vogel, EM; Zeier, M, 2011)	0.57
" The only prospective, randomized, multicenter trial demonstrated that early taper of mycophenolate dosage to 1 g/day can be utilized without increased risk of rejection, compared with late tapering, but the rejection rate was high (30-40%)."	( Impact of Mycophenolate Mofetil Dose Reduction on Allograft Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Recipients on Tacrolimus-Based Regimens: A Systematic Review. Ensom, MH; Greanya, ED; Su, VCh, 2011)	0.37
"Six patients with SRNS were treated with MMF combined with oral prednisolone at a dosage of 1 mg/kg per day."	( Mycophenolate mofetil in treatment of childhood steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Gargah, TT; Lakhoua, MR, )	0.13
" CsA was dosed to reach predose concentrations (C0) or two hours postdose concentrations (C2)."	( Polymorphisms in CYP3A5, CYP3A4, and ABCB1 are not associated with cyclosporine pharmacokinetics nor with cyclosporine clinical end points after renal transplantation. Bouamar, R; de Fijter, JW; Hesselink, DA; Macphee, IA; van Gelder, T; van Schaik, RH; Weimar, W, 2011)	0.37
" Because patients with DGF have a higher rate of acute rejection and lower MPA exposure, higher dosing of mycophenolate mofetil in such patients may improve outcome."	( How delayed graft function impacts exposure to mycophenolic acid in patients after renal transplantation. Armstrong, VW; Budde, K; de Fijter, H; Kuypers, D; Mamelok, RD; Oellerich, M; Silva, HT; van Gelder, T, 2011)	0.63
" In addition, the following subgroups were defined: (1) Durable Disease Control: patients whose uveitis remained quiescent for at least 2 years on MMF monotherapy, with no more than two flare-ups successfully treated with an increase in MMF dosage and/or a short course (<1 month) of corticosteroids; (2) Short-term Inflammation Control: patients whose uveitis remained quiescent for less than 2 years, with no more than one flare-up successfully treated with an increase in MMF dosage and/or a short course of corticosteroids, or who initially achieved inflammation control but discontinued MMF because of significant adverse effects."	( Mycophenolate mofetil monotherapy in the management of paediatric uveitis. Chang, PY; Foster, CS; Giuliari, GP; Makhoul, D; Shaikh, M; Thakuria, P, 2011)	0.37
" Recent data suggest that fixed MMF dosing results in MPA underexposure (MPA-area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-12)), <30 mg × h/L) early posttransplant in approximately 60% of patients."	( Pediatric aspects of therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolic acid in renal transplantation. David-Neto, E; Ettenger, R; Filler, G; Goebel, J; Kuypers, DR; Tönshoff, B; Tsai, E; van Gelder, T; Vinks, AA; Weber, LT; Zimmerhackl, LB, 2011)	0.62
" The dosage and/or number of anti-hypertensive drugs had to be increased in 22."	( Efficacy and safety of combined cyclosporin A and mycophenolate mofetil therapy in patients with cyclosporin-resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Camps Doménech, J; Majó Masferrer, J; Pou Clavé, L; Segarra Medrano, A; Vila Presas, J, 2011)	0.37
"Thirty-one patients with SLE receiving a fixed dosage regimen of MMF (median and interquartile range, 1500 and 1000-2000mg/day) for at least 1month and who had not experienced any adverse drug reactions for more than 3months were enrolled."	( Effective plasma concentrations of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide in systemic lupus erythematosus patients in the remission-maintenance phase. Kawakami, J; Mino, Y; Naito, T; Ogawa, N; Shimoyama, K, 2012)	0.66
"MMF improved clinical laboratory markers and reduced prednisolone dosage in SLE patients with predose plasma concentration of MPA and MPAG in the interquartile ranges of 0·94-2·96 and 18·6-53·7μg/mL, respectively."	( Effective plasma concentrations of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide in systemic lupus erythematosus patients in the remission-maintenance phase. Kawakami, J; Mino, Y; Naito, T; Ogawa, N; Shimoyama, K, 2012)	0.66
" Comparative trials to evaluate the GI symptom burden and maximum achieved MPA dosing using the EC-MPS and MMF formulations in de novo and maintenance diabetic kidney transplant recipients are merited."	( Mycophenolic acid in kidney transplant patients with diabetes mellitus: does the formulation matter? Akhlaghi, F; Bolin, P; Gohh, R; Kandaswamy, R; Melancon, K; Shihab, FS; Wiland, A, 2011)	1.81
"7-fold longer duration of symptoms and a more frequent need for mycophenolic acid dosage reduction."	( Impact of norovirus/sapovirus-related diarrhea in renal transplant recipients hospitalized for diarrhea. Ambert-Balay, K; Anglicheau, D; Avettand-Fenoel, V; Bererhi, L; Lanternier, F; Lecuit, M; Legendre, C; Lortholary, O; Mamzer-Bruneel, MF; Nochy, D; Pothier, P; Roos-Weil, D; Snanoudj, R; Thervet, E; Zuber, J, 2011)	0.61
" Following induction, therapy is continued, with some decrease in aggressive dosing for a more prolonged period of time-typically 24 months-that is aimed at preventing renal flares and smoldering disease, which could lead to continuous deterioration of renal function."	( Treatment of lupus nephritis. Askanase, A; Shum, K, 2011)	0.37
" Converting from cyclosporine to sirolimus and reducing cyclosporine dosage under high mycophenolate mofetil levels are 2 common therapies."	( Conversion from cyclosporine to sirolimus in chronic renal allograft dysfunction: a 4-year prospective study. Chen, J; Han, F; He, Q; Huang, H; Wang, H; Wang, S; Wang, Y; Wu, J; Zhang, X, 2011)	0.37
" Patients in the cyclosporine group (n=29) significantly reduced cyclosporine dosage under high mycophenolate mofetil dosages."	( Conversion from cyclosporine to sirolimus in chronic renal allograft dysfunction: a 4-year prospective study. Chen, J; Han, F; He, Q; Huang, H; Wang, H; Wang, S; Wang, Y; Wu, J; Zhang, X, 2011)	0.37
" Lenalidomide was dosed 10 mg on days 1 to 21 of a 28-day schedule for a total of 24 cycles."	( Lenalidomide maintenance after nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma is not feasible: results of the HOVON 76 Trial. Bruijnen, CP; Cornelisse, PB; Cornelissen, JJ; Emmelot, M; Huisman, C; Huls, G; Janssen, JJ; Kersten, MJ; Kneppers, E; Lokhorst, HM; Meijer, E; Minnema, MC; Mutis, T; Sonneveld, P; van der Holt, B; Zweegman, S, 2011)	0.37
"Approximately half of cyclosporine A-treated renal transplant recipients do not reach sufficient mycophenolic acid (MPA) exposure in the first weeks posttransplantation with standard MPA dosing regimens."	( Improved rejection prophylaxis with an initially intensified dosing regimen of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in de novo renal transplant recipients. Arns, W; Budde, K; Klinger, M; Kuypers, D; Prestele, H; Rosales, B; Shoker, A; Tedesco-Silva, H; Vaidya, S; Walker, R; Zeier, M, 2011)	0.59
"Here, we present a prospectively planned meta-analysis of data from two 6-month parallel-run studies that evaluated the effect of an initially intensified versus standard dosing regimen of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS)."	( Improved rejection prophylaxis with an initially intensified dosing regimen of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in de novo renal transplant recipients. Arns, W; Budde, K; Klinger, M; Kuypers, D; Prestele, H; Rosales, B; Shoker, A; Tedesco-Silva, H; Vaidya, S; Walker, R; Zeier, M, 2011)	0.37
"The initially intensified EC-MPS dosing regimen was associated with higher MPA exposure, significantly lower rate of BPAR, and comparable safety."	( Improved rejection prophylaxis with an initially intensified dosing regimen of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in de novo renal transplant recipients. Arns, W; Budde, K; Klinger, M; Kuypers, D; Prestele, H; Rosales, B; Shoker, A; Tedesco-Silva, H; Vaidya, S; Walker, R; Zeier, M, 2011)	0.37
"Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is now commonly used in pediatric liver transplant recipients, but no clear recommendations about the dosing regimen have been made for this population."	( Optimization of the dosing regimen of mycophenolate mofetil in pediatric liver transplant recipients. Barau, C; Barrail-Tran, A; Debray, D; Furlan, V; Habes, D; Hemerziu, B; Taburet, AM, 2011)	0.37
" The aims of this study were to investigate CYP3A5 polymorphism's effect on TAC dosing and the age dependency of TAC dosing by testing blood concentrations, and the interaction between steroids and TAC during the first year after tx."	( Influence of CYP3A5 polymorphism on tacrolimus maintenance doses and serum levels after renal transplantation: age dependency and pharmacological interaction with steroids. Argibay, PF; Belloso, WH; Coccia, PA; Costa, L; Ferraris, JR; Ferraris, V; Ghezzi, LF; Jimenez, G; Larriba, JM; Redal, MA, 2011)	0.37
" Future research will be important to more fully understand the best dosing regimen of MMF for induction versus maintenance treatment, total duration of treatment, and the utility of therapeutic monitoring of MMF levels."	( Mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Dall'Era, M, 2011)	0.37
" The results of this study suggest that individualized MMF dosing in a donor source-dependent fashion may be important for maximizing the benefit of MMF in allo-SCT."	( Pharmacokinetics-based optimal dose prediction of donor source-dependent response to mycophenolate mofetil in unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation. Ishii, S; Katayama, Y; Kawamori, Y; Kawano, H; Kawano, Y; Matsui, T; Minagawa, K; Nishikawa, S; Sada, A; Shimoyama, M; Wakahashi, K; Yamamori, M, 2011)	0.37
" Almost all gastroenterologists (97%) used weight-based dosing that was gradually escalated."	( How are thiopurines used and monitored by Swedish gastroenterologists when treating patients with inflammatory bowel disease? Andersson, P; Hindorf, U, 2011)	0.37
" CMV data from 2004 de novo RTx recipients from three-randomized, prospective, EVR studies A2309 (N = 833), B201 (N = 588) and B251 (N = 583) were retrospectively analyzed to identify differences between two EVR dosing groups and MPA."	( Cytomegalovirus incidence between everolimus versus mycophenolate in de novo renal transplants: pooled analysis of three clinical trials. Brennan, DC; Legendre, C; Mange, K; McCague, K; Patel, D; Shihab, FS; Wiland, A, 2011)	0.37
" Still, there is no consensus considering the recommended dosing and the therapeutic range of MPA."	( Monitoring of mycophenolic acid and kidney function during combined immunosuppressive therapy. Asztalos, L; Ivády, G; Kappelmayer, J; Kovács, AM; Oláh, AV; Varga, E; Varga, J, 2011)	0.73
" Further studies are necessary to determine the optimal dosage and duration of the therapies."	( Mycophenolate mofetil or tacrolimus compared with intravenous cyclophosphamide in the induction treatment for active lupus nephritis. Chen, N; Li, X; Ren, H; Shen, P; Wu, X; Xu, Y; Zhang, Q; Zhang, W, 2012)	0.38
" Suggestions for dosing regimens and laboratory monitoring are given."	( Systemic drugs in patients with skin diseases. Byekova, Y; Elewski, B; Hughey, L, 2011)	0.37
" AZ dosing was correlated to TPMT levels successfully, with comparable levels of improvement in the heterozygous and homozygous wild-type groups."	( Systemic treatment of pediatric atopic dermatitis with azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil. Agans, R; Morrell, DS; Waxweiler, WT, )	0.13
" MMF dosage ranged from 20 to 25 mg/kg per day."	( Treatment of children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis with mycophenolate mofetil. Du, Y; Han, M; Hou, L; Wu, Y; Zhao, C, 2012)	0.38
"This review seeks to summarize the available data about Bayesian estimation of area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and dosage prediction for mycophenolic acid (MPA) and evaluate whether sufficient evidence is available for routine use of Bayesian dosage prediction in clinical practice."	( Maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimation of mycophenolic Acid area under the concentration-time curve: is this clinically useful for dosage prediction yet? Staatz, CE; Tett, SE, 2011)	0.83
" To predict an appropriate dosing regimen, models based on Bayesian techniques have been used."	( Kinetic nomograms assist individualization of drug regimens. Iliadis, A; Marouani, H; Zografidis, A, 2011)	0.37
"The simulation study confirmed the need for individual dosage adjustment; 71."	( Kinetic nomograms assist individualization of drug regimens. Iliadis, A; Marouani, H; Zografidis, A, 2011)	0.37
"Kinetic nomograms allow rapid and reliable dosage adjustment after the start of drug therapy."	( Kinetic nomograms assist individualization of drug regimens. Iliadis, A; Marouani, H; Zografidis, A, 2011)	0.37
" Dose-response data and pharmacokinetic data were used to calculate effective and safe clinical doses of paquinimod."	( Pharmacokinetics, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of paquinimod (ABR-215757), a new quinoline-3-carboxamide derivative: studies in lupus-prone mice and a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, repeat-dose, dose-ranging study in Axelsson, B; Bengtsson, AA; Leanderson, T; Lood, C; Ohman, MW; Rönnblom, L; Sparre, B; Sturfelt, G; Tuvesson, H; van Vollenhoven, RF, 2012)	0.38
"Upon administration of steady-state morning tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil doses, 28 patients for whom at least three months had passed after renal transplantation underwent serial blood sample collection over a 12-hour dosing period."	( Pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil in renal transplant recipients on a corticosteroid-free regimen. Al-Khatib, M; Ensom, MH; Greanya, ED; Partovi, N; Poulin, E; Shapiro, RJ, 2012)	0.38
" Conversion of kidney transplant patients to increased MPA dosing using EC-MPS 1,440 mg/d, with reduced tacrolimus exposure, appears an effective immunosuppression strategy and may improve renal function."	( A multicenter, randomized trial of increased mycophenolic acid dose using enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium with reduced tacrolimus exposure in maintenance kidney transplant recipients. Barrou, B; Be, F; Cassuto, E; Chaouche, K; Di Giambattista, F; Ducloux, D; Kamar, N; Ladrière, M; Moal, MC; Quéré, S; Rostaing, L; Villemain, F, 2012)	0.64
" Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles of MPA and IMPDH over 6 or 12 h after mycophenolate mofetil dosing were performed in 17 paediatric renal transplant recipients."	( Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase activity in paediatrics: age-related regulation and response to mycophenolic acid. Armstrong, VW; Budde, K; Czock, D; Feneberg, R; Glander, P; Oellerich, M; Rother, A; Tönshoff, B; Vitt, E; von Ahsen, N; Weber, LT, 2012)	0.6
" Our conclusive assessment of the studies conducted so far is that these germline markers are not ready to be used in the clinic to individualize mycophenolic acid dosing and improve outcome."	( The influence of UGT polymorphisms as biomarkers in solid organ transplantation. Dupuis, R; Innocenti, F; Yuen, A, 2012)	0.58
"25 mg/kg BW twice daily tacrolimus and 500 mg twice daily mycophenolic acid would be an appropriate maintenance dosage for conventional pigs."	( Oral immunosuppressive medication for growing pigs in transplantation studies. Jensen-Waern, M; Kruse, R; Lundgren, T, 2012)	0.62
"More research with calcineurin inhibitor reduction and withdrawal regimens is needed to optimise dosing and timing of calcineurin inhibitor treatment in order to achieve optimal patient and graft survival with a minimum of adverse events."	( Calcineurin inhibitor minimisation versus continuation of calcineurin inhibitor treatment for liver transplant recipients. Chan, AW; Gluud, C; Penninga, L; Steinbrüchel, DA; Wettergren, A, 2012)	0.38
" This provides evidence to show that individualizing dosage regimens in this population is crucial."	( Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil in Thai lupus nephritis patients. Avihingsanon, Y; Kittanamongkolchai, W; Lertdumrongluk, P; Punyawudho, B; Somparn, P; Traitanon, O; Vadcharavivad, S, 2012)	0.38
" In group B, CMO occurred in 7 patients (50%) despite standard dosage of MMF, and in 7 patients (50%) during MMF dose reduction."	( Mycophenolate mofetil in the therapy of uveitic macular edema--long-term results. Blumenstock, G; Deuter, C; Doycheva, D; Stuebiger, N; Zierhut, M, 2012)	0.38
" We pharmacologically evaluated in tacrolimus-treated recipients a novel dosing regimen of MPA with an initial high dose followed by a gradual decrease over time."	( Mycophenolate sodium dosing in combination with tacrolimus: pharmacokinetic evaluation of a novel regimen in de novo tacrolimus-treated kidney transplant patients. Alamartine, E; Basset, T; Berthoux, F; Delavenne, X; Maillard, N; Mariat, C; Mehdi, M; Pons, B; Sauron, C, 2012)	0.38
"This exploratory study suggests that such a dosing regimen of mycophenolate sodium might quickly offer and sustain an optimal exposure to MPA in tacrolimus-treated kidney transplant patients."	( Mycophenolate sodium dosing in combination with tacrolimus: pharmacokinetic evaluation of a novel regimen in de novo tacrolimus-treated kidney transplant patients. Alamartine, E; Basset, T; Berthoux, F; Delavenne, X; Maillard, N; Mariat, C; Mehdi, M; Pons, B; Sauron, C, 2012)	0.38
" The choice and the dosing regimen of immunosuppressive agents should take into account factors such as race, type of lupus nephritis, disease severity, renal reserve, and prior disease course, to aim for an optimal balance of benefit and risk."	( Recent progress in the treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis. Chan, TM, 2012)	0.38
"Short-term intensified dosing using enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) reduces rejection after kidney transplantation without compromising safety and may facilitate steroid avoidance."	( Steroid avoidance with early intensified dosing of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium: a randomized multicentre trial in kidney transplant recipients. Büchler, M; Chaouche-Teyara, K; Choukroun, G; Heng, AE; Kamar, N; Kessler, M; Le Meur, Y; Legendre, C; Lepogamp, P; Merville, P; Moulin, B; Mourad, G; Quéré, S; Terpereau, A; Thierry, A; Touchard, G; Toupance, O; Villemain, F, 2012)	0.38
"A regimen of early intensified EC-MPS dosing with calcineurin inhibitor and IL-2RA induction permits oral steroid avoidance in adult kidney transplant patients at low-immunological risk without compromising efficacy at 6 months' follow-up."	( Steroid avoidance with early intensified dosing of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium: a randomized multicentre trial in kidney transplant recipients. Büchler, M; Chaouche-Teyara, K; Choukroun, G; Heng, AE; Kamar, N; Kessler, M; Le Meur, Y; Legendre, C; Lepogamp, P; Merville, P; Moulin, B; Mourad, G; Quéré, S; Terpereau, A; Thierry, A; Touchard, G; Toupance, O; Villemain, F, 2012)	0.38
" Previously collected intensive unbound MPA PK data from 132 adult alloHCT recipients after oral and intravenous dosing of the prodrug mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) were used."	( Population pharmacokinetics of unbound mycophenolic acid in adult allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation: effect of pharmacogenetic factors. Frymoyer, A; Jacobson, P; Long-Boyle, J; Verotta, D, 2013)	0.66
"A reduction in CNI dosage may lead to a decrease in the occurrence of post-transplant malignancy."	( Effect of immunosuppressive drugs on spontaneous DNA repair in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Gafter, U; Gafter-Gvili, A; Herman-Edelstein, M; Malachi, T; Ori, Y; Rozen-Zvi, B; Zingerman, B, 2012)	0.38
" Transplant outcomes among renal transplant recipients are significantly impacted by GI complications, especially in patients requiring immunosuppressant dosage reductions or premature discontinuation."	( Evaluation of potential interactions between mycophenolic acid derivatives and proton pump inhibitors. Gabardi, S; Olyaei, A, )	0.39
"Prospective data are lacking concerning the effect of reduced mycophenolic acid (MPA) dosing on efficacy and the influence of concomitant tacrolimus exposure."	( Does reduction in mycophenolic acid dose compromise efficacy regardless of tacrolimus exposure level? An analysis of prospective data from the Mycophenolic Renal Transplant (MORE) Registry. Chan, L; Doria, C; Greenstein, S; Langone, A; Narayanan, M; Pankewycz, O; Sankari, B; Shihab, F; Ueda, K, )	0.71
" Here we review the efficacy of EC-MPS compared with MMF in renal transplant patients in terms of biopsy-proven acute rejection and graft loss, and examine the use of EC-MPS in newer regimens such as intensified dosing and calcineurin inhibitor minimization."	( Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium immunosuppression in renal transplant patients: efficacy and dosing. Budde, K; Cooper, M; Oppenheimer, F; Salvadori, M; Sollinger, H; Zeier, M, 2012)	0.38
"We recommend monitoring MPA levels only in patients not responding to the standard 2-g/d dosage of MMF."	( Therapeutic dose monitoring of mycophenolate mofetil in dermatologic diseases. el-Azhary, RA; Langman, LJ; Sokumbi, O, 2013)	0.39
" This study highlights the importance of achieving early target exposure and suggests a potential role for individualized initial dosing or early therapeutic monitoring of all three immunosuppressive agents."	( Kidney transplant outcomes are related to tacrolimus, mycophenolic acid and prednisolone exposure in the first week. Barraclough, KA; Campbell, SB; Hawley, CM; Isbel, NM; Johnson, DW; Leary, DR; Lee, KJ; McWhinney, BC; Staatz, CE; Ungerer, JP, 2012)	0.63
"Interindividual variation in inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) enzyme activity and adverse effects caused by mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) inhibition may be genetically determined, and if so, transplant recipients should receive personalized dosing regimens of MMF, which would maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity."	( Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase polymorphisms and renal allograft outcome. Döhler, B; Harwood, SM; Opelz, G; Shah, S; Yaqoob, MM, 2012)	0.38
" Relapsers in all groups responded in a similar pattern to repeat dosing with the drug subsequently."	( Rituximab in treatment of idiopathic glomerulopathy. Al-Attiyah, R; El-Reshaid, K; Hakim, AA; Sallam, HT, 2012)	0.38
"EC-MPS does not seem effective as monotherapy for moderate to severe psoriasis, but might be used at a dosage of 1440 mg daily in well-selected patients with treatment-resistant psoriasis."	( Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in psoriasis vulgaris: an open pilot study. Fallah Arani, S; Neumann, HA; Nijsten, T; Thio, B; Waalboer Spuij, R, 2014)	0.4
" Intensified dosing with the equivalent of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) 3 g daily in tacrolimus-treated patients has been shown to increase exposure however about 15% remain below the lower therapeutic threshold of MPA area under the curve (AUC) of 30 mg · hr⁻¹ · L⁻¹ early post transplant."	( Limits to intensified mycophenolate mofetil dosing in kidney transplantation. Daley, C; Kiberd, BA; Lawen, J, 2012)	0.38
" If intensified MPA dosing is considered, exceeding 3 g daily in tacrolimus-treated patients provides no added benefit."	( Limits to intensified mycophenolate mofetil dosing in kidney transplantation. Daley, C; Kiberd, BA; Lawen, J, 2012)	0.38
"To predict simultaneously the area under the concentration-time curve during one dosing interval [AUC(0,12 h)] for mycophenolic acid (MPA) and tacrolimus (TAC), when concomitantly used during the first month after transplantation, based on common blood samples."	( Statistical tools for dose individualization of mycophenolic acid and tacrolimus co-administered during the first month after renal transplantation. Capron, A; De Meyer, M; Delattre, IK; Haufroid, V; Mourad, M; Musuamba, FT; Verbeeck, RK; Wallemacq, P, 2013)	0.86
" Monitoring trough levels helps not only in reducing nephrotoxiicity but also in reducing the chances of acute rejection; although there is no international consensus, the trough concentration is used to determine dosing and the AUC for calculating the exposure of the patient to the drug."	( Pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in adult renal transplant recipients. Madhavarapu, M; Mayur, P; Naik, P; Nayak, KS; Sritharan, V, 2012)	0.38
"Trough level determination and a C2, C4 two-point limited sampling strategy may be useful to plan the dosing strategy and estimate the exposure of renal transplant patients to tacrolimus."	( Pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in adult renal transplant recipients. Madhavarapu, M; Mayur, P; Naik, P; Nayak, KS; Sritharan, V, 2012)	0.38
"Cyclosporine (CsA), dosed to achieve C2 targets, has been shown to provide safe and efficacious immunosuppression when used with a mycophenolate and steroids for de novo kidney transplant recipients."	( Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in combination with full dose or reduced dose cyclosporine, basiliximab and corticosteroids in Australian de novo kidney transplant patients. Campbell, S; Chadban, S; Chapman, J; Eris, J; Hutchison, B; Ierino, F; Irish, A; Kurstjens, N; Pussell, B; Russ, G; Thomson, N; Trevillian, P; Walker, R; Woodcock, C, 2013)	0.39
"mycophenolate mofetil may be considered a steroid-sparing agent in elderly patients with GCA but, before results of controlled trials become available, MMF may be considered only for patients who do not improve or stabilize with conventional therapy, or in patients for whom reduced steroid dosage is highly recommended."	( Mycophenolate mofetil as steroid-sparing treatment for elderly patients with giant cell arteritis: report of three cases. Alpa, M; Baldovino, S; Naretto, C; Piras, D; Roccatello, D; Rossi, D; Russo, A; Sciascia, S, 2012)	0.38
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) exposure in pediatric patients with kidney transplant receiving body surface area (BSA)-based dosing exhibits large variability."	( UGT1A9, UGT2B7, and MRP2 genotypes can predict mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetic variability in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Cox, S; Ellis, EN; Fukuda, T; Goebel, J; James, LP; Maseck, D; Sherbotie, JR; Vinks, AA; Ward, RM; Zhang, K, 2012)	2.08
" Understanding TAC and MMF exposure in the context of corticosteroid-sparing protocols should allow for improved dosing of immunosuppressants and better management of posttransplant patients."	( Effect of corticosteroid withdrawal on tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil exposure in a randomized multicenter study. Fitzsimmons, W; Gaber, AO; Henning, AK; Holman, J; Lee, ST; Pirsch, JD; Reisfield, R; Shihab, FS; Smith, LD; Woodle, ES, 2013)	0.39
"01) and dosage of immunosuppressant."	( APRIL, a proliferation-inducing ligand, as a potential marker of lupus nephritis. Avihingsanon, Y; Benjachat, T; Eiam-ong, S; Hirankarn, N; Kittikowit, W; Leelahavanichkul, A; Somparn, P; Tantivitayakul, P; Treamtrakanpon, W, 2012)	0.38
" However, there is no consensus on the optimal dosing regimen because of a high inter-individual variability of mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active metabolite of MMF."	( Concentration-controlled treatment of lupus nephritis with mycophenolate mofetil. Berger, SP; Daleboudt, GM; de Fijter, JW; den Hartigh, J; Huizinga, TW; Rabelink, AJ; Reinders, ME, 2013)	0.6
" In a comparison of the relative potency of each drug at different dosing ranges, tacrolimus had the strongest Th1 inhibitory effect (median inhibition of interferon-γ at 97."	( Comparison of the effect of standard and novel immunosuppressive drugs on CMV-specific T-cell cytokine profiling. Broscheit, C; Egli, A; Humar, A; Kumar, D; O'Shea, D, 2013)	0.39
" The dosage of prednisone was safely tapered using MMF, and the patient did not experience any flares or significant side effects during the course of treatment."	( Mycophenolate mofetil as a first-line steroid-sparing agent in the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris. Cohen, GF; Patel, NS; Vyas, N, 2013)	0.39
", area under the curve or AUC) with maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimation, and to simulate an optimized dosing scheme for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients."	( Population pharmacokinetics and dose optimization of mycophenolic acid in HCT recipients receiving oral mycophenolate mofetil. Bemer, MJ; Li, H; Mager, DE; Maloney, DG; McCune, JS; Sandmaier, BM, 2013)	0.64
" MMF dosage was tapered and subsequently transferred to AZA, which was maintained throughout pregnancy."	( Low risk of renal flares and negative outcomes in women with lupus nephritis conceiving after switching from mycophenolate mofetil to azathioprine. Aringer, M; Brinks, R; Fischer-Betz, R; Schneider, M; Specker, C, 2013)	0.39
" A more forceful MMF dosing strategy with greater CNI sparing may further improve renal function."	( Effects of mycophenolate mofetil introduction in liver transplant patients: results from an observational, non-interventional, multicenter study (LOBSTER). Beckebaum, S; Ganten, TM; Gerunda, GE; Grannas, G; Jonas, S; Moench, C; Obed, A; Pinna, AD; Rauchfuss, F; Schlitt, HJ; Tisone, G, )	0.13
"Mizoribine (MZR) was approved in 1984 in Japan for the suppression of rejection in renal transplantation with an approved administration dosage of 1-3 mg/kg/day."	( Randomized comparative trial of mizoribine versus mycophenolate mofetil in combination with tacrolimus for living donor renal transplantation. Akiyama, T; Amada, N; Takahara, S; Takahashi, K; Tanabe, K; Toma, H; Uchida, K, 2013)	0.39
" To reduce this incidence, in most studies, induction therapy with depleting anti-T-lymphocyte antibodies is coupled with a reduction of the dosage of the calcineurin inhibitor."	( Effect of a single intraoperative high-dose ATG-Fresenius on delayed graft function in donation after cardiac-death donor renal allograft recipients: a randomized study. Abrahams, AC; Hilbrands, LB; Hoitsma, AJ; Kho, MM; Sanders, JS; van den Hoogen, MW; van Dijk, M; van Zuilen, AD; Weimar, W, 2013)	0.39
" An understanding of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mycophenolate in this population should assist the clinician with rational dosage decisions."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mycophenolate in patients with autoimmune disease. Abd Rahman, AN; Staatz, CE; Tett, SE, 2013)	0.39
" We hypothesize that these differences in dosing requirement may be due to an interethnic polymorphism in the expression of enzymes involved in tacrolimus metabolism."	( Tacrolimus therapeutic drug monitoring in Tunisian renal transplant recipients: effect of post-transplantation period. Aloui, S; Aouam, K; Ben Fredj, N; Boughattas, NA; Chaabane, A; Chadly, Z; Hammouda, M; Skhiri, H, 2013)	0.39
" The MMF dosage was based on maximal plasma MPA concentration at 1-hour post dose (MPA-C1)."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of severely active lupus nephritis. Avihingsanon, Y; Chariyavilaskul, P; Kittanamongkolchai, W; Lertjirachai, I; Rukrung, C; Somparn, P; Supasiri, T, 2013)	0.39
" Further clinical studies in a larger number of patients are warranted to verify whether MPA dosing must be optimized for kidney transplant recipients with diabetes mellitus."	( Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase expression and activity are significantly lower in kidney transplant recipients with diabetes mellitus. Akhlaghi, F; Dostalek, M; Gohh, RY, 2013)	0.39
" Each pharmacokinetic profile consisted of eight blood samples collected during the 12-hour dosing interval."	( Limited sampling strategy of mycophenolic acid in adult kidney transplant recipients: influence of the post-transplant period and the pharmacokinetic profile. Aouam, K; Ben Fredj, N; Boughattas, N; Chaabane, A; Chadly, Z; El May, M; Hammouda, M; Skhiri, H, 2013)	0.68
" Dosage tapering lasted 3-9 months; in one center dose tapering lasted for less than 3 months."	( [Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in Piedmont and the Aosta Valley in Italy: case study and treatment]. Amore, A; Besso, L; Ferro, M; Giacchino, F; Manganaro, M; Quaglia, M; Rollino, C; Savoldi, S, )	0.13
" Recently, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin, everolimus (EVL), has emerged as an alternative immunosuppressant drug that may allow CNI dosage reduction and thereby spare renal function."	( Everolimus-incorporated immunosuppressant strategy improves renal dysfunction while maintaining low rejection rates after heart transplantation in Japanese patients. Endo, M; Hatano, M; Imamura, T; Inaba, T; Kagami, Y; Kato, N; Kinugawa, K; Komuro, I; Kyo, S; Maki, H; Minatsuki, S; Muraoka, H; Ono, M; Yao, A, 2013)	0.39
" Nevertheless, the agent needs a high dosage in treatment, following some side effects."	( Effects of mycophenolic acid-glucosamine conjugates on the base of kidney targeted drug delivery. Gong, T; Lin, Y; Sun, X; Wang, X; Zeng, Y; Zhang, Z, 2013)	0.78
" Tacrolimus is the basic immunosuppressant for patients after a liver transplant and thanks to its prolonged-release dosage form, which due to its simplicity and reliability of use, replaces tacrolimus twice daily early after the transplant and in the longterm administration, will apparently, for a while, defend its position."	( [Immunosuppression after liver transplant, now and in future]. Trunečka, P, 2013)	0.39
" Developed model demonstrates the feasibility of estimation of individual tacrolimus clearance and may allow rational individualization of tacrolimus dosing in kidney transplant patients."	( Total plasma protein effect on tacrolimus elimination in kidney transplant patients--population pharmacokinetic approach. Golubović, B; Kovačević, SV; Miljković, B; Prostran, M; Radivojević, D; Vučićević, K, 2014)	0.4
"02), no statistically significant changes in immunosuppressive drug dosage or blood levels were detected."	( Heart rate reduction for 36 months with ivabradine reduces left ventricular mass in cardiac allograft recipients: a long-term follow-up study. Dengler, T; Doesch, AO; Ehlermann, P; Erbel, C; Frankenstein, L; Gleissner, CA; Hardt, S; Katus, HA; Mueller, S; Ruhparwar, A, 2013)	0.39
"Although the study demonstrated a potential use of MMF in the induction of remission of IMHA in 4 out of 5 dogs evaluated, the level of significant MMF-induced GI toxicity cannot justify its use with the dosage regime described here."	( Treatment of idiopathic immune-mediated hemolytic anemia with mycophenolate mofetil in five dogs. Hart, JR; West, LD, )	0.13
" To achieve these levels, AA RTRs require a significantly higher dosage of TAC compared to C patients (5."	( African American renal transplant recipients (RTR) require higher tacrolimus doses to achieve target levels compared to white RTR: does clotrimazole help? Dayton, M; Feng, L; Kohli, R; Laftavi, MR; Nader, N; Pankewycz, O; Patel, S; Said, M, 2013)	0.39
" Dosing to achieve a specific target MPA area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 12 h post-dose (AUC12) is likely to lead to better treatment outcomes in patients with autoimmune disease than a standard fixed-dose strategy."	( How accurate and precise are limited sampling strategies in estimating exposure to mycophenolic acid in people with autoimmune disease? Abd Rahman, AN; Staatz, CE; Tett, SE, 2014)	0.63
"Mycophenolic acid (MPA) has a low therapeutic index and large inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability necessitating therapeutic drug monitoring to individualise dosing after transplantation."	( Validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of mycophenolic acid in human kidney transplant biopsies. Coller, JK; Hesselink, DA; Md Dom, ZI; Noll, BD; Russ, GR; Sallustio, BC; Somogyi, AA; van Gelder, T, 2014)	2.09
"Data on 2004 renal transplant recipients from three EVR studies were pooled to identify the impact of ethnicity on efficacy outcomes across EVR dosing groups and control groups."	( Outcomes in ethnic minority renal transplant recipients receiving everolimus versus mycophenolate: comparative risk assessment results from a pooled analysis. Delcoro, C; McCague, K; Melancon, K; Mulgaonkar, SP; Shihab, FS; Wiland, A, 2013)	0.39
" The question of whether therapeutic drug monitoring allows optimized dosing strategies cannot be satisfyingly answered yet."	( Mycophenolate mofetil in liver transplantation: a review. Kaltenborn, A; Schrem, H, 2013)	0.39
" Subgroup analysis was conducted according to the administration dosage of MZR."	( Comparative efficacy and safety of mizoribine with mycophenolate mofetil for Asian renal transplantation--a meta-analysis. Xing, S; Yang, J; Zhang, X; Zhou, P, 2014)	0.4
"Neutropenia after kidney transplant is an adverse event usually treated with a dosage reduction of mycophenolic acid."	( Replacement of mycophenolate acid with everolimus in patients who became neutropenic after renal transplant. Goumenos, DS; Kalliakmani, P; Karavias, D; Kazakopoulos, P; Marangos, M; Papachristou, E; Savvidaki, E; Voliotis, G; Zavvos, V, 2014)	0.62
" One hundred eighteen episodes of neutropenia were recorded, originally treated by reducing the dosage of mycophenolic acid (765 ± 390 mg/d) and administering granulocyte colony-stimulating factor."	( Replacement of mycophenolate acid with everolimus in patients who became neutropenic after renal transplant. Goumenos, DS; Kalliakmani, P; Karavias, D; Kazakopoulos, P; Marangos, M; Papachristou, E; Savvidaki, E; Voliotis, G; Zavvos, V, 2014)	0.62
" Groups A and C received standard maintenance dosing with tacrolimus (TAC), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and corticosteroids."	( Randomized trial of three induction antibodies in kidney transplantation: long-term results. Burke, GW; Chen, L; Ciancio, G; Flores, S; Gaynor, JJ; Guerra, G; Hanson, L; Kupin, W; Mattiazzi, A; Roth, D; Sageshima, J; Tueros, L; Vianna, R, 2014)	0.4
" Ad hoc analysis suggested that the inferior results in group B were specifically a result of reduced dosing and greater withholding of TAC and MMF occurring in that group."	( Randomized trial of three induction antibodies in kidney transplantation: long-term results. Burke, GW; Chen, L; Ciancio, G; Flores, S; Gaynor, JJ; Guerra, G; Hanson, L; Kupin, W; Mattiazzi, A; Roth, D; Sageshima, J; Tueros, L; Vianna, R, 2014)	0.4
"A prospective, stratified observational study based on therapeutic drug monitoring of MPA (6 total plasma concentrations over a 12-hour dosing interval, τ) in consecutive stable adult renal transplant recipients (n = 68)."	( Effect of cyclosporine on steady-state pharmacokinetics of MPA in renal transplant recipients is not affected by the MPA formulation: analysis based on therapeutic drug monitoring data. Božina, N; Granić, P; Lalić, Z; Lebo, A; Lovrić, M; Nađ-Škegro, S; Pasini, J; Trkulja, V, 2014)	0.4
" The dosage of EC-MPS was the same (1440 mg/day) in the two groups."	( Cyclosporine A and tacrolimus combined with enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium influence the plasma mycophenolic acid concentration - a randomised controlled trial in Chinese live related donor kidney transplant recipients. Chen, JH; Chen, Y; Huang, HF; Shen-Tu, JZ; Xie, WQ; Yao, X, 2014)	0.62
"Combined with the same EC-MPS dosage (1440 mg/day), the MPA-AUC0-12 of the Tac group was higher than that of the CsA group, and the Tac group had a longer MRT after kidney transplantation."	( Cyclosporine A and tacrolimus combined with enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium influence the plasma mycophenolic acid concentration - a randomised controlled trial in Chinese live related donor kidney transplant recipients. Chen, JH; Chen, Y; Huang, HF; Shen-Tu, JZ; Xie, WQ; Yao, X, 2014)	0.62
" Short-term intensified dosing using enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) may facilitate CsA sparing after kidney transplantation without compromising safety."	( A single-centre, open-label, prospective study of an initially short-term intensified dosing regimen of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium with reduced cyclosporine A exposure in Chinese live-donor kidney transplant recipients. Cai, L; Chen, Z; Jiang, J; Liu, B; Wei, L; Zeng, F, 2014)	0.4
"In a 12-month, single-centre open-label prospective trial, 180 de novo live-donor kidney transplant recipients at low-immunological risk were randomised to a low-dose cyclosporine group which received a low dose of cyclosporine, short-term intensified EC-MPS dosing (2160 mg/day to week 6, 1440 mg/day thereafter) and corticosteroids or a standard-dose cyclosporine group which received a standard dose of cyclosporine, standard EC-MPS dosing (1440 mg/day) and corticosteroids."	( A single-centre, open-label, prospective study of an initially short-term intensified dosing regimen of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium with reduced cyclosporine A exposure in Chinese live-donor kidney transplant recipients. Cai, L; Chen, Z; Jiang, J; Liu, B; Wei, L; Zeng, F, 2014)	0.4
"A regimen of early intensified EC-MPS dosing permits low-dose cyclosporine in live-donor kidney transplant patients at low-immunological risk without compromising efficacy at 12 months' follow-up."	( A single-centre, open-label, prospective study of an initially short-term intensified dosing regimen of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium with reduced cyclosporine A exposure in Chinese live-donor kidney transplant recipients. Cai, L; Chen, Z; Jiang, J; Liu, B; Wei, L; Zeng, F, 2014)	0.4
"Considering the potential therapeutic range of MPA, the suggested MMF dosage for Korean adult OLT recipients requiring hemodialysis may be set around 1000 mg per day."	( Correlation between mycophenolic acid blood level and renal dysfunction in stable liver transplant recipients receiving mycophenolate monotherapy. Ahn, CS; Ha, TY; Hwang, S; Jung, DH; Kim, KH; Kim, N; Lee, SG; Moon, DB; Park, GC; Park, YH; Song, GW, 2014)	0.73
" Uncertainty exists regarding the correct dosing of MPA, and the recommended doses vary between recently published guidelines."	( To TDM or not to TDM in lupus nephritis patients treated with MMF? Berden, JH; Berger, SP; van Gelder, T, 2015)	0.42
" We started steroid pulse therapy and reduced the dosage of immunosuppressive therapy under careful monitoring, using not only a trough level of tacrolimus but also a 12-h area under the curve (AUC0-12 ) of MPA."	( Successful treatment of BK virus nephropathy using therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolic acid. Kidoguchi, S; Kobayashi, A; Matsuo, N; Nakada, Y; Ohkido, I; Tanno, Y; Tsuboi, N; Yamamoto, H; Yamamoto, I; Yokoo, T; Yokoyama, K, 2014)	0.63
" Data were analyzed to evaluate changes in mycophenolic acid (MPA) dosing over time in 904 de novo kidney transplant recipients receiving enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS, n = 616) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, n = 288) with tacrolimus."	( Long-term dosing patterns of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium or mycophenolate mofetil with tacrolimus after renal transplantation. Chan, L; Doria, C; Langone, A; McCague, K; Pankewycz, O; Shihab, F; Wiland, A, 2014)	0.67
" Complete remission was defined as the absence of disease activity measured by a Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for Wegener's granulomatosis of 0 and not qualified by the prednisone dosage at the time."	( Rituximab with or without a conventional maintenance agent in the treatment of relapsing granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's): a retrospective single-center study. Azar, L; Hoffman, GS; Langford, CA; Springer, J, 2014)	0.4
" These rates were not statistically significant when evaluating the MMF dosage and graft source."	( Mycophenolate mofetil use after unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for prophylaxis and treatment of graft-vs.-host disease in adult patients in Japan. Aotsuka, N; Atsuta, Y; Eto, T; Fukuda, T; Fukushima, K; Iida, M; Kondo, T; Minagawa, K; Miyamoto, T; Morishima, Y; Murata, M; Nagamura, T; Oohashi, K; Suzuki, R; Uchida, N, 2014)	0.4
" This work advocates the avoidance of unnecessary high CNI dosing and puts forward new arguments for MPA concentration monitoring."	( Exposure to mycophenolic acid better predicts immunosuppressive efficacy than exposure to calcineurin inhibitors in renal transplant patients. Alain, S; Daher Abdi, Z; Essig, M; Garnier, F; Le Meur, Y; Marquet, P; Munteanu, E; Prémaud, A; Rousseau, A, 2014)	0.78
" The dosage of MMF was initially 2,000 mg/day, but was reduced to 500 mg/day due to diarrhea 10 days before the operation."	( [Perioperative agranulocytosis induced by immunosuppressants in a renal graft recipient : a case report]. Inoue, T; Kamba, T; Kobayashi, T; Matsui, Y; Matsumoto, K; Murakami, K; Negoro, H; Ogawa, O; Okubo, K; Sugino, Y; Terada, N; Yamasaki, T; Yoshimura, K, 2014)	0.4
"Thirty-four patients were started on MMF, and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) was measured by limited sampling strategies, and dosing was adjusted to achieve an AUC of 30-60 mg·h·L."	( Pharmacokinetics of concentration-controlled mycophenolate mofetil in proliferative lupus nephritis: an observational cohort study. Alexander, S; Fleming, DH; Jacob, CK; Jeyaseelan, V; John, GT; Mathew, BS; Tamilarasi, V; Varughese, S, 2014)	0.4
"Rabbit antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is commonly used as an induction therapy in renal transplant recipients, but the ideal dosage in tacrolimus-based early steroid withdrawal protocols has not been established."	( Immunophenotyping and efficacy of low dose ATG in non-sensitized kidney recipients undergoing early steroid withdrawal: a randomized pilot study. Azzi, J; Gilligan, H; Grafals, M; Hamill, K; Marangos, E; Murakami, N; Najafian, N; Pomfret, EA; Pomposelli, JJ; Riella, LV; Simpson, MA; Smith, B; Trabucco, A, 2014)	0.4
"We evaluated histological changes occurring in renal biopsy specimens, between the time before initial induction therapy and after 12 months' maintenance therapy, as well as changes in laboratory parameters, SLE disease activity (SLEDAI), and dosage of corticosteroid (CS) in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)."	( Mycophenolate mofetil as maintenance therapy for childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients with severe lupus nephritis. Imagawa, T; Kikuchi, M; Kizawa, T; Miyamae, T; Mori, M; Nagahama, K; Nakamura, T; Nozawa, T; Okudela, K; Tsutsumi, H; Yokota, S, 2015)	0.42
" Further studies evaluating optimal dosing strategies are needed."	( Cyclosporine in combination with mycophenolate mofetil versus methotrexate for graft versus host disease prevention in myeloablative HLA-identical sibling donor allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Abounader, D; Bolwell, B; Copelan, E; Dean, R; Duong, H; Haddad, H; Hamilton, BK; Hanna, R; Hill, BT; Kalaycio, M; Majhail, NS; Rybicki, L; Sobecks, R, 2015)	0.42
" Large interindividual variability and narrow therapeutic index make dosage individualisation mandatory in children."	( Choosing the right dose of tacrolimus. Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Lancia, P; Zhao, W, 2015)	0.42
" Dosing adjustment frequency and substitution with mycophenolate sodium was similar for both groups."	( Descriptive retrospective comparative study between two brands of mycophenolate mofetil used in Uruguay: innovator versus generic (Suprimun). Gonzalez-Martínez, F; Manzo, L; Nin, M; Nuñez, N; Orihuela, N; Orihuela, S, 2014)	0.4
"2 months, mean dosage 28."	( Mycophenolate mofetil in systemic lupus erythematosus: results from a retrospective study in a large monocentric cohort and review of the literature. Alessandri, C; Ceccarelli, F; Cipriano, E; Conti, F; Massaro, L; Miranda, F; Morello, F; Pacucci, VA; Perricone, C; Spinelli, FR; Truglia, S; Valesini, G, 2014)	0.4
"Plasma concentration monitoring is commonly used to adjust immunosuppressant dosage in transplant recipients, but adjustment is often based on clinical experience rather than rigorous quantitative indicators."	( Retrospective evaluation of the effect of mycophenolate mofetil dosage on survival of kidney grafts based on biopsy results. Chen, JS; Cheng, DP; Cheng, DR; Ji, SM; Li, X; Liu, ZH; Ni, XF; Wen, JQ; Xie, KN, 2014)	0.4
"We examined the effect of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) dosage on graft survival by pathologic and immunologic analysis of 88 kidney recipients who were given a postoperative immunosuppressive regimen of tacrolimus (FK506), MMF, and corticosteroids."	( Retrospective evaluation of the effect of mycophenolate mofetil dosage on survival of kidney grafts based on biopsy results. Chen, JS; Cheng, DP; Cheng, DR; Ji, SM; Li, X; Liu, ZH; Ni, XF; Wen, JQ; Xie, KN, 2014)	0.4
"These results indicate the importance of using an appropriate dosage of MMF in kidney transplant recipients."	( Retrospective evaluation of the effect of mycophenolate mofetil dosage on survival of kidney grafts based on biopsy results. Chen, JS; Cheng, DP; Cheng, DR; Ji, SM; Li, X; Liu, ZH; Ni, XF; Wen, JQ; Xie, KN, 2014)	0.4
"Rituximab was the most effective of the three immunosuppressives for PV, although repeat dosing was frequently required."	( Treatment outcomes in a cohort of patients with mucosal-predominant pemphigus vulgaris. Fulcher, DA; Lin, MW; O'Connor, K; Ojaimi, S; Schifter, M, 2015)	0.42
"Monitoring MPA-C0 and individualized MMF dosing help to prevent acute graft rejection, reducing drug toxicity and complications, and improving graft survival rate after renal transplantation."	( [Therapeutic window of mycophenolate mofetil for preventing acute graft rejection following renal transplantation]. Luo, M; Yu, L; Zhou, M, 2014)	0.4
" Alternative monitoring strategies, focusing on the pharmacodynamics of CNIs, could help to personalize drug dosing and optimize the treatment with CNIs."	( Relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of calcineurin inhibitors in renal transplant patients. Albring, A; Engler, H; Harz, N; Kribben, A; Lindemann, M; Schedlowski, M; Wendt, L; Wilde, B; Witzke, O, 2015)	0.42
" The dosing of mycophenolate mofetil and steroids had no change."	( [Early conversion from calcineurin inhibitor to sirolimusto after renal transplantation:a prospective, open-label and non-randomized control study]. Chen, J; Huang, H; Ren, P; Wu, J; Xie, W; Xu, Y; Yu, X, 2014)	0.4
" However, the dosing and the duration of immunosuppressive therapy have not been systematically studied in the setting of treating ipilimumab-induced irAEs."	( Ipilimumab-induced toxicities and the gastroenterologist. Bye, W; Cheng, R; Cooper, A; Kench, J; McNeil, C; Shackel, N; Watson, G, 2015)	0.42
"Although mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has replaced corticosteroids as immunosuppression in cord blood transplantation (CBT), optimal MMF dosing has yet to be established."	( Intensified Mycophenolate Mofetil Dosing and Higher Mycophenolic Acid Trough Levels Reduce Severe Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease after Double-Unit Cord Blood Transplantation. Adel, N; Barker, JN; Devlin, SM; Giralt, S; Hanash, A; Harnicar, S; Hilden, P; Jenq, R; Kernan, NA; Lubin, M; Mathew, S; O'Reilly, R; Perales, MA; Ponce, DM; Pozotrigo, M; Prockop, S; Scaradavou, A; van den Brink, M; Young, JW; Zheng, J, 2015)	0.67
" This review provides an overview of all the currently available dosing algorithms in adult and children for the starting dose of ciclosporin, tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid."	( Dosing algorithms for initiation of immunosuppressive drugs in solid organ transplant recipients. Andrews, LM; Cransberg, K; de Wildt, SN; de Winter, BC; Hesselink, DA; Riva, N; van Gelder, T, 2015)	0.61
" Finally, a clinical trial demonstrating a benefit on clinical outcome will be crucial in achieving broad acceptance of calculating starting dose using individualized dosing algorithms."	( Dosing algorithms for initiation of immunosuppressive drugs in solid organ transplant recipients. Andrews, LM; Cransberg, K; de Wildt, SN; de Winter, BC; Hesselink, DA; Riva, N; van Gelder, T, 2015)	0.42
" These agents are generally used in fixed, weight-based dosing regimens, and both incomplete response and adverse effects are common."	( Optimizing the use of existing therapies in lupus. Croyle, L; Morand, EF, 2015)	0.42
" Administration of RAD is capable of reducing the dosage of coadministrated calcineurin inhibitors (CNI)."	( Histopathologic impacts of everolimus introduction on kidney transplant recipients. Harada, S; Ito, T; Koshino, K; Nakamura, T; Nakao, T; Nobori, S; Suzuki, T; Takata, T; Ushigome, H; Yoshimura, N, 2015)	0.42
" Current immunosuppression protocols include a combination of calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus, and antiproliferative agents (most commonly mycophenolate mofetil), with or without different dosing regimens of corticosteroids."	( Current State of Immunosuppression: Past, Present, and Future. Karam, S; Wali, RK, 2015)	0.42
" Therefore, the optimal dosage strategies for mTOR-I and CNI need to be further explored."	( mTOR inhibitor versus mycophenolic acid as the primary immunosuppression regime combined with calcineurin inhibitor for kidney transplant recipients: a meta-analysis. Chen, J; Jiang, Y; Lai, X; Shou, Z; Xiang, S; Xie, X, 2015)	0.73
" Altogether, colchicine avoided the use (n = 2) or increase in dosage (n = 5) of steroids in seven cases; the increase in steroids dosage was minimal for two patients."	( Colchicine: a simple and effective treatment for pericarditis in systemic lupus erythematosus? A report of 10 cases. Bonjour, M; Costedoat-Chalumeau, N; Le Guern, V; Le Jeunne, C; Morel, N; Mouthon, L; Piette, JC, 2015)	0.42
" Corticosteroid dosing was 20."	( A national survey on current use of mycophenolate mofetil for childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus in Japan. Atsumi, T; Hara, R; Hiromura, K; Kawaguchi, Y; Kikuchi, M; Kizawa, T; Miyazawa, H; Momoi, T; Mori, M; Nishimura, K; Nozawa, T; Sada, KE; Sakurai, N; Shimamura, S; Takasaki, Y; Takei, S; Tamura, N; Yasuda, S, 2015)	0.42
"Although rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (rATG) is commonly used as induction therapy for kidney transplantation, dosing is not standardized."	( Evaluation of a Weight-based Rabbit Anti-thymocyte Globulin Induction Dosing Regimen for Kidney Transplant Recipients. Lee, E; Lee, S; Park, JM; Pennington, CA; Sindelar, J; Tischer, SM, 2015)	0.42
" Thus, although CNIs remain the major immunosuppressive treatment, their dosage should be minimized by using them with either full-dose MPA or reduced-dose EVR."	( The safety of calcineurin inhibitors for kidney-transplant patients. Malvezzi, P; Rostaing, L, 2015)	0.42
" The aim of this study was to establish the optimal dosage and administration of immunosuppressants and antifungal agents."	( [Optimization of Immunosuppression and the Prevention of Fungal Infection in Autoimmune Diseases]. Mino, Y, 2015)	0.42
" Tacrolimus dosage was 2 mg/day (median)."	( Long-term follow-up of patients with difficult to treat type 1 autoimmune hepatitis on Tacrolimus therapy. Adams, DH; Füssel, K; Hirschfield, GM; Hodson, J; Lohse, AW; Mann, J; Oo, YH; Schramm, C; Than, NN; Weiler-Normann, C; Wiegard, C, 2016)	0.43
"Between April 20, 2004 and 4-14-2009 we conducted a prospective, randomized, non-blinded renal transplantation trial of two rATG dosing protocols (single dose, 6 mg/kg vs."	( A Randomized 2x2 Factorial Clinical Trial of Renal Transplantation: Steroid-Free Maintenance Immunosuppression with Calcineurin Inhibitor Withdrawal after Six Months Associates with Improved Renal Function and Reduced Chronic Histopathology. Florescu, DF; Foster, KW; Kalil, AC; Malik, T; Miles, CD; Rigley, TH; Sandoz, JP; Stevens, RB; Wrenshall, LE, 2015)	0.42
" Conversely, MMF dosing at 19 HALO induced lower gut toxicity, irrespective of type of toxicity explored."	( Gastrointestinal toxicity of mycophenolate mofetil in rats: Effect of administration time. Aouam, K; Ben-Attia, M; Ben-Cherif, W; Boughattas, NA; Dridi, I; Haouas, Z; Reinberg, A, 2015)	0.42
" The probability to taper corticosteroids to a daily dosage of ≤0."	( Mycophenolate sodium for the treatment of chronic non-infectious uveitis of childhood. Blumenstock, G; Deuter, C; Doycheva, D; Hohmann, J; Sobolewska, B; Spitzer, MS; Voykov, B; Zierhut, M, 2016)	0.43
" In order to maintain the balance between efficacy and safety, dosing is based on measured drug concentrations."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Approach of Immunosuppressive Therapy in Kidney Transplant Patients. Golubovic, B; Grabnar, I; Miljkovic, B; Prostran, M; Radivojevic, D; Vucicevic, K, 2016)	0.43
" We evaluated the safety and feasibility of a pharmacokinetics-based dosing approach using a novel continuous infusion (CI) method of administration of MMF in pediatric HCT recipients."	( A Pilot Study of Continuous Infusion of Mycophenolate Mofetil for Prophylaxis of Graft-versus-Host-Disease in Pediatric Patients. Goyal, RK; Howrie, D; Joshi, R; Kenkre, TS; Venkataramanan, R; Windreich, RM, 2016)	0.43
"This was a retrospective study of pLN patients treated with MMF dosed at 600 mg/m."	( Use of Glucuronidated Mycophenolic Acid Levels for Therapeutic Monitoring in Pediatric Lupus Nephritis Patients. Askanase, AD; Bermudez, LM; Eichenfield, AH; Hui-Yuen, JS; Imundo, LF; Li, X; Starr, AJ; Taylor, J; Tran, T; Truong, K, 2016)	0.75
"6 mg h/L in Group 2, despite a lower dosage in Group 2 (584 and 426 mg/m(2) , respectively)."	( Pharmacokinetics and target attainment of mycophenolate in pediatric renal transplant patients. Aarnoutse, RE; Brüggemann, RJ; Burger, DM; Cornelissen, EA; de Haan, AF; Jacobs, BA; Koch, BC; Martial, LC; Schreuder, MF, 2016)	0.43
" Cases (1555 patients with SLE who developed HZ) and controls (3049 age- and sex-matched patients with SLE but without HZ) were analyzed for use of various immunosuppressive medications in the preceding 3-month period, and dose-response relationships were determined."	( Immunosuppressive medication use and risk of herpes zoster (HZ) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): A nationwide case-control study. Chen, GS; Hu, SC; Lin, CL; Lin, YC; Wang, TN; Yen, FL, 2016)	0.43
" Compared with the results before MMF therapy, the steroid dosage in both groups was significantly reduced at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups."	( The Value of Monitoring the Serum Concentration of Mycophenolate Mofetil in Children with Steroid-Dependent/Frequent Relapsing Nephrotic Syndrome. Du, L; Fu, H; Liu, A; Mao, J; Shen, H; Shu, Q; Tong, K, 2016)	0.43
" New evidence on TDM-guided dosing in MPA efficacy and toxicity and best approaches for estimating MPA area-under-the-curve for TDM were retrieved."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolate in adult solid organ transplant patients: an update. Ensom, MH; Kiang, TK, 2016)	0.43
" Our immunomodulatory drug regimen includes induction with anti-thymocyte globulin and αCD20 antibody, followed by maintenance with mycophenolate mofetil and an intensively dosed αCD40 (2C10R4) antibody."	( Chimeric 2C10R4 anti-CD40 antibody therapy is critical for long-term survival of GTKO.hCD46.hTBM pig-to-primate cardiac xenograft. Ayares, D; Belli, AJ; Clark, T; Corcoran, PC; Eckhaus, M; Horvath, KA; Hoyt, RF; Klymiuk, N; Lewis, BG; Mohiuddin, MM; Phelps, C; Pierson Iii, RN; Reimann, KA; Singh, AK; Thomas Iii, ML; Wolf, E, 2016)	0.43
"BACKGROUND Dosing of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) should be adjusted to reflect concomitant immunosuppression, but it is largely undocumented whether such modifications are carried out during routine clinical practice."	( Dosing of Enteric-Coated Mycophenolate Sodium Under Routine Conditions: An Observational, Multicenter Study in Kidney Transplantation. Albano, L; Buchler, M; Cantarovich, D; Cassuto, E; Cointault, O; Kamar, N; Lecuyer, A; Mazouz, H; Tindel, M; Vetromile, F, 2016)	0.43
"The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of a transient intensified enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) dosing regimen with low exposure of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) in Chinese de novo kidney transplantation."	( The efficacy and safety of intensified enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium with low exposure of calcineurin inhibitors in Chinese de novo kidney transplant recipients: a prospective study. Chen, L; Deng, R; Deng, S; Deng, W; Fu, Q; Li, J; Liao, J; Liu, L; Wan, J; Wang, C; Wang, H; Zhang, H, 2016)	0.43
"In a 6-month prospective study, a total of 97 recipients were enrolled and assigned to either an intensified EC-MPS dosing (IS) regimen or a standard EC-MPS dosing (SD) regimen."	( The efficacy and safety of intensified enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium with low exposure of calcineurin inhibitors in Chinese de novo kidney transplant recipients: a prospective study. Chen, L; Deng, R; Deng, S; Deng, W; Fu, Q; Li, J; Liao, J; Liu, L; Wan, J; Wang, C; Wang, H; Zhang, H, 2016)	0.43
"The intensified EC-MPS dosing regimen maintaining low-dose CNIs in this study may be beneficial for Chinese adult de novo kidney transplant recipients in terms of acute rejection and allograft function and is safe within 6 months post transplant."	( The efficacy and safety of intensified enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium with low exposure of calcineurin inhibitors in Chinese de novo kidney transplant recipients: a prospective study. Chen, L; Deng, R; Deng, S; Deng, W; Fu, Q; Li, J; Liao, J; Liu, L; Wan, J; Wang, C; Wang, H; Zhang, H, 2016)	0.43
" While the mechanisms for the differential responses to drug therapy are unclear, variation in drug exposure with the same dosing protocol related to pharmacogenetic and pharmacokinetic factors may contribute."	( Therapeutic monitoring of the immuno-modulating drugs in systemic lupus erythematosus. Mok, CC, 2017)	0.46
"Therapeutic drug monitoring leading to individualized dosing may improve the efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome."	( Mycophenolic Acid Pharmacokinetics and Relapse in Children with Steroid-Dependent Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome. Bandin, F; Bouchet, S; Brochard, K; Dallocchio, A; Decramer, S; Gandia, P; Godron, A; Guigonis, V; Harambat, J; Ichay, L; Llanas, B; Marquet, P; Morin, D; Saint-Marcoux, F; Tellier, S, 2016)	1.88
" Hematological changes were also evaluated according to circadian dosing time."	( Circadian variation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by an immunosuppressive agent "Mycophenolate Mofetil" in rats. Aouam, K; Ben-Attia, M; Ben-Cherif, W; Boughattas, NA; Chakroun, S; Dridi, I; Ezzi, L; Grissa, I; Haouas, Z; Reinberg, A, 2016)	0.43
" CNI-based therapy is also complicated by the absence of standardized dosing and the need for drug level monitoring, as well as by pharmacogenetic differences."	( Con: The use of calcineurin inhibitors in the treatment of lupus nephritis. Fernandez Nieto, M; Jayne, DR, 2016)	0.43
"Our data indicate that if immunosuppressant therapy is indispensable, efficacy of CIK cells is maintained at least short-term, although more frequent dosing might be necessary."	( In-vitro influence of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and Ciclosporin A (CsA) on cytokine induced killer (CIK) cell immunotherapy. Bader, P; Bonig, H; Bremm, M; Cappel, C; Huenecke, S; Klingebiel, T; Pfirrmann, V; Quaiser, A; Rettinger, E; Soerensen, J; Zimmermann, O, 2016)	0.43
" The optimal MMF dosing and preferred targets are still under investigation in HSCT patients due to the substantial intra- and inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability of MPA and broad range of transplants (malignant vs."	( Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Mycophenolic Acid in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients. Chow, DS; Zhang, D, 2017)	0.75
"Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (MPS) is now commonly used in pediatric intestinal transplantation (Tx), but to date, no clear recommendations regarding the dosing regimen have been made in this population."	( Pharmacokinetics of Mycophenolic Acid and Dose Optimization in Children After Intestinal Transplantation. Barau, C; Chhun, S; Furlan, V; Lacaille, F; Mellos, A, 2017)	0.78
" The median MMF dosage had to be increased by 91% (1319 mg·m·d versus 687 mg·m·d) to reach AUC0-12 values above the defined target level of 30 mg·h·L."	( Pharmacokinetics of Mycophenolic Acid and Dose Optimization in Children After Intestinal Transplantation. Barau, C; Chhun, S; Furlan, V; Lacaille, F; Mellos, A, 2017)	0.78
" Further studies are required to recommend a suitable dosage for pediatric intestinal transplant recipients who receive MPA."	( Pharmacokinetics of Mycophenolic Acid and Dose Optimization in Children After Intestinal Transplantation. Barau, C; Chhun, S; Furlan, V; Lacaille, F; Mellos, A, 2017)	0.78
" The effectiveness of MMF was defined as:(1) ESR < 20 mm/hr;(2) CRP < 10 mg/L or hs-CRP<3 mg/L;(3) stable or improved in vascular image studies;(4) clinical assessment is stable, improved or in remission;(5) the dosage of glucocorticoid could be tapered to less than 15 mg/day."	( The efficacy of Mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of Chinese Takayasu's arteritis. Li, J; Li, M; Tian, X; Yang, Y; Zeng, X; Zhao, J, 2016)	0.43
" The area under the curves (AUC) of immunosuppressants was calculated by the plot of plasma trough level or dosage of each immunosuppressant versus time and was interpreted as the extent of drug exposure."	( Effect of Immunosuppressive Drugs on the Changes of Serum Galactose-Deficient IgA1 in Patients with IgA Nephropathy. Barratt, J; Kim, MJ; Koller, MT; Molyneux, K; Schaub, S; Stampf, S, 2016)	0.43
" However, its absorption is delayed due to its special designed dosage form, which results in difficulty to monitor the exposure of the MPA in patients receiving the EC-MPS."	( Estimation of Mycophenolic Acid Area Under the Curve With Limited-Sampling Strategy in Chinese Renal Transplant Recipients Receiving Enteric-Coated Mycophenolate Sodium. Jia, Y; Li, L; Peng, B; Qi, G; Qiu, J; Rong, R; Wang, J; Wang, L; Wang, X; Xu, M; Zhu, T, 2017)	0.82
" Therefore, adjusting initial TAC dosing to the genotype of CYP3A5 might be of clinical benefit."	( Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism of CYP3A5 Impacts the Exposure to Tacrolimus in Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipients: A Pharmacogenetic Substudy of the TWIST Trial. Billing, H; Dello Strologo, L; Fichtner, A; Friman, S; Höcker, B; Jaray, J; Oellerich, M; Sarvary, E; Tönshoff, B; van Damme-Lombaerts, R; von Ahsen, N; Vondrak, K, 2017)	0.46
" The main outcome measures were: 1) success on achieving complete control of inflammation in both eyes and/or oral prednisone dosage reduction to ≤10 mg per day, and 2) the length of time required to reduce oral prednisone to ≤10 mg/day, partial control of ocular inflammation, and side effects."	( Mycophenolate mofetil as an immunomodulator in refractory noninfectious uveitis. Cavalcanti, DC; Hirata, CE; Olivalves, E; Rodriguez, EE; Sakata, VM; Yamamoto, JH; Zaghetto, JM, )	0.13
"This study investigates whether the toxicity in kidneys as well as oxidative stress varied according to the dosing time of an immunosuppressive agent "mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)" in Wistar Rat."	( Dosing-time dependent oxidative effects of an immunosuppressive drug "Mycophenolate Mofetil" on rat kidneys. Aouam, K; Ben-Attia, M; Ben-Cherif, W; Boughattas, NA; Chahdoura, H; Dridi, I; Haouas, Z; Reinberg, A, 2017)	0.46
" Using pulse steroid therapy with 1000 mg/d of methylprednisolone, liver function initially improved, but then deteriorated upon dosage reduction."	( Severe hepatitis arising from ipilimumab administration, following melanoma treatment with nivolumab. Fujimoto, M; Fujisawa, Y; Hasegawa, N; Ito, S; Maruyama, H; Sae, I; Sekine, I; Tanaka, R, 2017)	0.46
" Requirement of mean daily dosage of prednisone was significantly lower in RTX group [p = 0."	( Efficacy and safety of rituximab in comparison with common induction therapies in pediatric active lupus nephritis. Babu, BG; Basu, B; Roy, B, 2017)	0.46
" Rituximab has proven effective for the treatment of steroid-refractory pemphigus, although there is controversy over the optimum dosing protocol."	( Low-dose rituximab and concurrent adjuvant therapy for pemphigus: Protocol and single-centre long-term review of nine patients. Robinson, AJ; Scardamaglia, L; Unglik, GA; Varigos, GA; Vu, M, 2018)	0.48
"Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors were neither protective nor permissive for de novo donor-specific antibody formation versus mycophenolate when used with clinically relevant tacrolimus dosing regimens."	( De Novo Donor-Specific Antibody Formation in Tacrolimus-Based, Mycophenolate Versus Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Immunosuppressive Regimens. Adebiyi, O; Cooper, JE; Gralla, J; Klem, P; Mithani, Z; Wiseman, AC, 2018)	0.48
"68]) and the steroid dosage (-17."	( The efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in treating Takayasu arteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dai, D; Jin, H; Mao, Y; Sun, H; Wang, Y, 2017)	0.46
" The primary outcome measure was achievement of disease remission (Pediatric Vasculitis Activity Score [PVAS] of 0) at 12 months with a corticosteroid dosage of <0."	( Early Outcomes in Children With Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis. Benseler, SM; Cabral, DA; Charuvanij, S; Dancey, P; Eberhard, BA; Elder, ME; Foell, D; Hersh, AO; Huber, AM; Klein-Gitelman, M; Kostik, MM; Lawson, EF; Lee, T; Li, SC; Lubieniecka, JM; Luqmani, RA; Moorthy, LN; Morishita, KA; Nielsen, SM; Ristic, G; Shenoi, S; Toth, MB; Twilt, M; Yeung, RSM, 2017)	0.46
" After reduced dosing of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil, 2 limbal tumors occurred in the recipient."	( Transmission of Donor-Derived Breast Carcinoma as a Recurrent Mass in a Keratolimbal Allograft. Chamberlain, W; Dunlap, J; Miller, AK; Wilson, DJ; Young, JW, 2017)	0.46
" Similar values were found at all 3 time points, thus indicating that there is probably no need to adapt MPA dosage to 3D."	( Managing Drug-Drug Interaction Between Ombitasvir, Paritaprevir/Ritonavir, Dasabuvir, and Mycophenolate Mofetil. Bellissant, E; Ben Ali, Z; Boglione-Kerrien, C; Guyader, D; Jezequel, C; Lemaitre, F; Tron, C; Verdier, MC, 2017)	0.46
" Dosing of these drugs is individualized by therapeutic drug monitoring."	( Dried Blood Spot Sampling for Tacrolimus and Mycophenolic Acid in Children: Analytical and Clinical Validation. Aarnoutse, RE; Brüggemann, RJM; Burger, DM; Cornelissen, EA; Croes, S; Hoogtanders, KEJ; Joore, MA; Martial, LC; Schreuder, MF; van der Heijden, J; Van Maarseveen, EM, 2017)	0.71
"Personalized immunosuppressive therapy, including accurate drug dosing based on the drug blood level, leads to better clinical outcomes, specifically regarding avoidance of drug-induced adverse effects and maintenance of efficacy."	( Development of a Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometric Method for Quantification of Mycophenolic Acid and Its Glucuronides in Dried Blood Spot Samples. Iboshi, H; Kikuchi, M; Maekawa, M; Mano, N; Matsuda, Y; Okada, Y; Shimada, M; Suzuki, H; Takahashi, A; Takasaki, S; Tanaka, M; Yamaguchi, H, 2017)	0.67
" The primary treatment of de novo malignancies should be adjusting the dosage of immunosuppressive agents to ensure that their minimum dose can effectively maintain the graft function."	( [Occurrence, diagnosis and treatment of de novo gastrointestinal malignancies after organ transplantation]. Ji, L; Zhao, G, 2017)	0.46
" Reduced dosage of RTX exerted a significant effect in reducing CD19+ B-cell counts (P<0."	( Comparison of efficacy and tolerability of azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and lower dosages of rituximab among patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Guo, SG; Wang, BJ; Wang, CJ; Yang, Y; Zeng, ZL, 2018)	0.48
" The dosage of steroids was significantly decreased at six months compared with baseline and was maintained at 12 months."	( Outcomes of multitarget therapy using mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus for refractory or relapsing lupus nephritis. Bae, SC; Choi, CB; Won, S, 2018)	0.48
" Accurate dosage prediction using a multiple linear regression-based LSS was not possible without concentrations up to at least 8 hours after the dose."	( Evaluation of Multiple Linear Regression-Based Limited Sampling Strategies for Enteric-Coated Mycophenolate Sodium in Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients. Brooks, EK; Isbel, NM; McWhinney, B; Staatz, CE; Tett, SE, 2018)	0.48
" In Japan, MMF is currently approved for patients with lupus nephritis (LN) and data to indicate its optimal dosage are still insufficient."	( Fatal visceral disseminated varicella zoster infection during initial remission induction therapy in a patient with lupus nephritis and rheumatoid arthritis-possible association with mycophenolate mofetil and high-dose glucocorticoid therapy: a case repor Ajioka, Y; Habuka, M; Kurosawa, Y; Nakano, M; Narita, I; Ohashi, R; Tani, Y; Wada, Y; Yamamoto, S, 2018)	0.48
" The dosing of MMF in the treatment of NMOSD has been poorly studied."	( Dose effects of mycophenolate mofetil in Chinese patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a case series study. Cui, L; Jiao, J; Jiao, Y; Zhang, C; Zhang, W; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y, 2018)	0.48
" High-dose MMF was more potent than the lower dose for NMOSD patients, with 1750 mg of daily MMF being the recommended dosage for Chinese patients with NMOSD."	( Dose effects of mycophenolate mofetil in Chinese patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a case series study. Cui, L; Jiao, J; Jiao, Y; Zhang, C; Zhang, W; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y, 2018)	0.48
" In a multivariable analysis adjusted for differences between groups and known confounders, dosing group continued to significantly affect incidence of pancreas allograft failure (P = ."	( Impact of intensive dosing of mycophenolate on pancreas allograft survival. Descourouez, JL; Jorgenson, MR; Leverson, G; Menninga, N; Odorico, J; Redfield, R, 2018)	0.48
"BACKGROUND Minimizing the tacrolimus dosage in patients with stable allograft function needs further investigation."	( Reduced Tacrolimus Trough Level Is Reflected by Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) Changes in Stable Renal Transplantation Recipients: Results of the OPTIMUM Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Study. Huh, W; Kim, JK; Kim, YH; Kim, YL; Kim, YS; Lee, J; Oh, CK; Park, S; Park, SK; Yang, CW, 2018)	0.48
" Thus, IMPDH activity can serve as a potential pharmacodynamic biomarker to optimize dosing of MPA."	( Optimization and application of an HPLC method for quantification of inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase activity as a pharmacodynamic biomarker of mycophenolic acid in Chinese renal transplant patients. Jiao, Z; Liu, F; Qiu, X; Sheng, C; Xu, L; Zhang, M, 2018)	0.68
" The differences in the pharmacodynamics of MPA between Asians and Caucasians may provide some evidence for dosing differences among ethnicities."	( Optimization and application of an HPLC method for quantification of inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase activity as a pharmacodynamic biomarker of mycophenolic acid in Chinese renal transplant patients. Jiao, Z; Liu, F; Qiu, X; Sheng, C; Xu, L; Zhang, M, 2018)	0.68
"Although therapeutic drug monitoring of plasma mycophenolic acid (MPA) concentrations has been recommended to individualize dosage in transplant recipients, little is known regarding lymphocyte concentrations of MPA, where MPA inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH)."	( Mycophenolic acid concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are associated with the incidence of rejection in renal transplant recipients. Carroll, RP; Coller, JK; McWhinney, BC; Md Dom, ZI; Sallustio, BC; Somogyi, AA; Tuke, J, 2018)	2.18
"Two chitosan-coated nanoparticles formulations of MMF had high EE and a desirable sustained drug release profile in the effort to design a once-daily dosage form for MMF."	( Development and in vitro characterization of chitosan-coated polymeric nanoparticles for oral delivery and sustained release of the immunosuppressant drug mycophenolate mofetil. Mansell, H; Mohammed, M; Shoker, A; Wasan, EK; Wasan, KM, 2019)	0.51
"Tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid dosing after renal transplantation is individualized through therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid in outpatient renal transplant recipients using a volumetric dried blood spot sampling device. de Fijter, JW; Gokoel, SRM; Guchelaar, HJ; Kweekel, DM; Moes, DJAR; Swen, JJ; van der Boog, PJM; Zwart, TC, 2018)	1.09
" TDM dosing recommendations based on both methods were compared to assess clinical impact."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid in outpatient renal transplant recipients using a volumetric dried blood spot sampling device. de Fijter, JW; Gokoel, SRM; Guchelaar, HJ; Kweekel, DM; Moes, DJAR; Swen, JJ; van der Boog, PJM; Zwart, TC, 2018)	0.74
" Tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid dosing recommendation differences occurred on 44."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid in outpatient renal transplant recipients using a volumetric dried blood spot sampling device. de Fijter, JW; Gokoel, SRM; Guchelaar, HJ; Kweekel, DM; Moes, DJAR; Swen, JJ; van der Boog, PJM; Zwart, TC, 2018)	1.09
" The PFIC2 patient had abnormal liver function 19 months after LT, and recovered after administration of increased dosage of immunosuppressant agents."	( Liver Transplantation for Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis. Liu, Y; Qu, W; Sun, LY; Wei, L; Zeng, ZG; Zhu, ZJ, 2018)	0.48
" Intensified MPA dosing therapy reduced the risk by 59."	( Effect of Early Immunosuppression Therapy on De Novo Anti-Human-Leukocyte-Antigen Antibody After Kidney Transplantation. Deng, R; Deng, W; Fu, Q; Huang, G; Huang, H; Li, J; Liu, L; Wang, C; Wang, S; Zhang, H; Zheng, Y, 2018)	0.48
" A tendency was seen in low-dose CNI therapy to increase the risk of de novo HLA antibody, but intensified MPA dosing therapy may provide an umbrella protection effect by reducing the risk."	( Effect of Early Immunosuppression Therapy on De Novo Anti-Human-Leukocyte-Antigen Antibody After Kidney Transplantation. Deng, R; Deng, W; Fu, Q; Huang, G; Huang, H; Li, J; Liu, L; Wang, C; Wang, S; Zhang, H; Zheng, Y, 2018)	0.48
" Intensified and standard dosage regimens of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) were week 1, 2,160 vs."	( Short-Term Intensified Dosage Regimen of Mycophenolic Acid is Associated with Less Acute Rejection in Kidney Transplantation from Donation after Circulatory Death. Chen, J; Huang, H; Liu, G; Peng, W; Wu, J, 2018)	0.75
" In treating the patients with NTM, we were able to maintain an adequate blood concentration of CNI by decreasing the dosage from one-half to one-quarter."	( Management of De Novo Mycobacterial Infection After Lung Transplantation Without Rifampicin: Case Series of a Single Institution. Matsuda, Y; Noda, M; Oishi, H; Okada, Y; Sado, T; Suzuki, H; Tamada, T; Watanabe, T; Yamada, M, 2018)	0.48
" Although transplant vintage did not appreciably impact mycophenolate dosing in non-African Americans (0."	( Change in Mycophenolate and Tacrolimus Exposure by Transplant Vintage and Race. Posadas Salas, AC; Soliman, KM; Taber, DJ, 2019)	0.51
"Various mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models have been developed to describe its PK characteristics and facilitate its optimal dosing in adult kidney transplant recipients co-administered with tacrolimus."	( Systematic external evaluation of published population pharmacokinetic models of mycophenolate mofetil in adult kidney transplant recipients co-administered with tacrolimus. Deng, RH; Fu, Q; Jiao, Z; Li, J; Liu, LS; Liu, YF; Luo, B; Sheng, CC; Wang, CX; Zhang, HX; Zhao, Q, 2019)	0.51
" MMF dosage was reduced in two children due to grade ≥ 3 AEs; two children died from infection."	( Prophylaxis and treatment with mycophenolate mofetil in children with graft-versus-host disease undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a nationwide survey in Japan. Adachi, S; Atsuta, Y; Fukuda, T; Hashii, Y; Iida, M; Inoue, M; Kato, K; Kawa, K; Kawashima, N; Kobayashi, M; Okada, K; Suzuki, R; Yabe, H; Yuza, Y, 2019)	0.51
"The range of CsA dosage was 50-200 mg/day, and mean CsA dose was 102."	( Low-dose cyclosporine for active lupus nephritis: a dose titration approach. Angthararak, S; Kitumnuaypong, T; Pichaiwong, W; Sumethkul, K, 2019)	0.51
" These data support the reduction in clinical dosage of letermovir (to 240 mg) upon coadministration with cyclosporine."	( Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interactions Between Letermovir and the Immunosuppressants Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus, Sirolimus, and Mycophenolate Mofetil. Adedoyin, A; Cho, CR; Iwamoto, M; Kraft, WK; Levine, V; Liu, F; Macha, S; Marshall, W; McCrea, JB; Menzel, K; Panebianco, D; Stoch, SA; Yoon, E; Zhao, T, 2019)	0.51
" Main outcome measure Individual and scores of adverse effects in relation to the dosing regimen and gender."	( Adverse effects of mycophenolic acid in renal transplant recipients: gender differences. Catić-Đorđević, A; Cvetković, T; Džodić, P; Spasić, A; Stefanović, N; Veličković-Radovanović, R, 2019)	0.84
"Our novel findings suggest the potential need to reduce mycophenolic acid dosage in subjects on corticosteroid-free regimens."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Mycophenolic Acid Co-Administered with Tacrolimus in Corticosteroid-Free Adult Kidney Transplant Patients. Ensom, MHH; Kiang, TKL; Mayo, P; Rong, Y, 2019)	1.05
" Substituting leflunomide for mycophenolate sodium and increasing dosage of everolimus has been proposed to solve BK nephropathy."	( Successful Treatment for BK Virus Nephropathy by Leflunomide in a Kidney Transplant Patient: A Case Report. Chen, HA; Chen, YW; Hsu, YH; Hung, LY; Lee, CH; Wu, MS; Wu, MY, 2019)	0.51
" The objective of this study was to examine whether concentration-controlled (CC) dosing (through therapeutic drug monitoring) of EC-MPS results in a higher proportion of participants achieving target exposure of MPA compared with fixed-dosing (FD)."	( Pharmacokinetics of Enteric-Coated Mycophenolate Sodium in Lupus Nephritis (POEMSLUN). Abdul-Aziz, MH; Fassett, RG; Healy, H; John, GT; Kubler, P; Lim, A; Lipman, J; McWhinney, BC; Purvey, M; Ranganathan, D; Reyaldeen, R; Roberts, JA; Roberts, M; Ungerer, J, 2019)	0.51
" The current use of lower mTORi dosage has decreased the discontinuation rates."	( Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors Combined With Calcineurin Inhibitors as Initial Immunosuppression in Renal Transplantation: A Meta-analysis. Bestard, O; Crespo, M; Cruzado, JM; Melilli, E; Montero, N; Pascual, J; Pérez-Sáez, MJ; Quero, M; Redondo-Pachón, D, 2019)	0.51
" Eculizumab was administered at a dosage of 900 mg/wk for the first month and 1200 mg every 2 weeks thereafter."	( Renal Transplantation in Patients With Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: A Single Center Experience. Alpay, N; Ozçelik, U, 2019)	0.51
" Based on population pharmacokinetic model, we suggest the TAC dosing algorithm considering the effects of CYP3A5 and MMF drug interaction in stable kidney transplant recipients."	( Model based development of tacrolimus dosing algorithm considering CYP3A5 genotypes and mycophenolate mofetil drug interaction in stable kidney transplant recipients. Han, N; Jang, H; Kim, IW; Kim, JH; Kim, MG; Kim, YS; Kim, YW; Oh, JM; Yu, MY; Yun, HY, 2019)	0.51
" The efficacy of MMF as an immunosuppressant and long-term safety in cats of this dosage regimen is unknown."	( Abrams, G; Adolfsson, E; Agarwal, PK; Akkan, AG; Al Alhareth, NS; Alves, VGL; Armentano, R; Bahroos, E; Baig, M; Baldridge, KK; Barman, S; Bartolucci, C; Basit, A; Bertoli, SV; Bian, L; Bigatti, G; Bobenko, AI; Boix, PP; Bokulic, T; Bolink, HJ; Borowiec, J; Bulski, W; Burciaga, J; Butt, NS; Cai, AL; Campos, AM; Cao, G; Cao, Y; Čapo, I; Caruso, ML; Chao, CT; Cheatum, CM; Chelminski, K; Chen, AJW; Chen, C; Chen, CH; Chen, D; Chen, G; Chen, H; Chen, LH; Chen, R; Chen, RX; Chen, X; Cherdtrakulkiat, R; Chirvony, VS; Cho, JG; Chu, K; Ciurlino, D; Coletta, S; Contaldo, G; Crispi, F; Cui, JF; D'Esposito, M; de Biase, S; Demir, B; Deng, W; Deng, Z; Di Pinto, F; Domenech-Ximenos, B; Dong, G; Drácz, L; Du, XJ; Duan, LJ; Duan, Y; Ekendahl, D; Fan, W; Fang, L; Feng, C; Followill, DS; Foreman, SC; Fortunato, G; Frew, R; Fu, M; Gaál, V; Ganzevoort, W; Gao, DM; Gao, X; Gao, ZW; Garcia-Alvarez, A; Garza, MS; Gauthier, L; Gazzaz, ZJ; Ge, RS; Geng, Y; Genovesi, S; Geoffroy, V; Georg, D; Gigli, GL; Gong, J; Gong, Q; Groeneveld, J; Guerra, V; Guo, Q; Guo, X; Güttinger, R; Guyo, U; Haldar, J; Han, DS; Han, S; Hao, W; Hayman, A; He, D; Heidari, A; Heller, S; Ho, CT; Ho, SL; Hong, SN; Hou, YJ; Hu, D; Hu, X; Hu, ZY; Huang, JW; Huang, KC; Huang, Q; Huang, T; Hwang, JK; Izewska, J; Jablonski, CL; Jameel, T; Jeong, HK; Ji, J; Jia, Z; Jiang, W; Jiang, Y; Kalumpha, M; Kang, JH; Kazantsev, P; Kazemier, BM; Kebede, B; Khan, SA; Kiss, J; Kohen, A; Kolbenheyer, E; Konai, MM; Koniarova, I; Kornblith, E; Krawetz, RJ; Kreouzis, T; Kry, SF; Laepple, T; Lalošević, D; Lan, Y; Lawung, R; Lechner, W; Lee, KH; Lee, YH; Leonard, C; Li, C; Li, CF; Li, CM; Li, F; Li, J; Li, L; Li, S; Li, X; Li, Y; Li, YB; Li, Z; Liang, C; Lin, J; Lin, XH; Ling, M; Link, TM; Liu, HH; Liu, J; Liu, M; Liu, W; Liu, YP; Lou, H; Lu, G; Lu, M; Lun, SM; Ma, Z; Mackensen, A; Majumdar, S; Martineau, C; Martínez-Pastor, JP; McQuaid, JR; Mehrabian, H; Meng, Y; Miao, T; Miljković, D; Mo, J; Mohamed, HSH; Mohtadi, M; Mol, BWJ; Moosavi, L; Mosdósi, B; Nabu, S; Nava, E; Ni, L; Novakovic-Agopian, T; Nyamunda, BC; Nyul, Z; Önal, B; Özen, D; Özyazgan, S; Pajkrt, E; Palazon, F; Park, HW; Patai, Á; Patai, ÁV; Patzke, GR; Payette, G; Pedoia, V; Peelen, MJCS; Pellitteri, G; Peng, J; Perea, RJ; Pérez-Del-Rey, D; Popović, DJ; Popović, JK; Popović, KJ; Posecion, L; Povall, J; Prachayasittikul, S; Prachayasittikul, V; Prat-González, S; Qi, B; Qu, B; Rakshit, S; Ravelli, ACJ; Ren, ZG; Rivera, SM; Salo, P; Samaddar, S; Samper, JLA; Samy El Gendy, NM; Schmitt, N; Sekerbayev, KS; Sepúlveda-Martínez, Á; Sessolo, M; Severi, S; Sha, Y; Shen, FF; Shen, X; Shen, Y; Singh, P; Sinthupoom, N; Siri, S; Sitges, M; Slovak, JE; Solymosi, N; Song, H; Song, J; Song, M; Spingler, B; Stewart, I; Su, BL; Su, JF; Suming, L; Sun, JX; Tantimavanich, S; Tashkandi, JM; Taurbayev, TI; Tedgren, AC; Tenhunen, M; Thwaites, DI; Tibrewala, R; Tomsejm, M; Triana, CA; Vakira, FM; Valdez, M; Valente, M; Valentini, AM; Van de Winckel, A; van der Lee, R; Varga, F; Varga, M; Villarino, NF; Villemur, R; Vinatha, SP; Vincenti, A; Voskamp, BJ; Wang, B; Wang, C; Wang, H; Wang, HT; Wang, J; Wang, M; Wang, N; Wang, NC; Wang, Q; Wang, S; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Wen, N; Wesolowska, P; Willis, M; Wu, C; Wu, D; Wu, L; Wu, X; Wu, Z; Xia, JM; Xia, X; Xia, Y; Xiao, J; Xiao, Y; Xie, CL; Xie, LM; Xie, S; Xing, Z; Xu, C; Xu, J; Yan, D; Yan, K; Yang, S; Yang, X; Yang, XW; Ye, M; Yin, Z; Yoon, N; Yoon, Y; Yu, H; Yu, K; Yu, ZY; Zhang, B; Zhang, GY; Zhang, H; Zhang, J; Zhang, M; Zhang, Q; Zhang, S; Zhang, W; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhang, YW; Zhang, Z; Zhao, D; Zhao, F; Zhao, P; Zhao, W; Zhao, Z; Zheng, C; Zhi, D; Zhou, C; Zhou, FY; Zhu, D; Zhu, J; Zhu, Q; Zinyama, NP; Zou, M; Zou, Z, 2019)	0.51
"An abbreviated profile within the first 2 hours after MMF dosing gives a good estimate of MPA exposure in children with nephrotic syndrome and hence has the potential to optimize MMF therapy."	( Generation and Validation of a Limited Sampling Strategy to Monitor Mycophenolic Acid Exposure in Children With Nephrotic Syndrome. Benz, MR; Ehren, R; Fehrenbach, H; Gellermann, J; Kleinert, D; Müller, C; Schmidt, H; Weber, LT, 2019)	0.75
"Total and free plasma prednisolone measurements correlated poorly with saliva measurements; however, correlation improved when concentrations early in the dosing interval were excluded."	( Prednisolone Concentrations in Plasma (Total and Unbound) and Saliva of Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients. Brooks, E; Isbel, NM; McWhinney, B; Staatz, CE; Tett, SE, 2019)	0.51
"The immunosuppressive agent mycophenolate is used extensively in kidney transplantation, yet dosing strategy applied varies markedly from fixed dosing ("one-dose-fits-all"), to mycophenolic acid (MPA) trough concentration monitoring, to dose optimization to an MPA exposure target (as area under the concentration-time curve [MPA AUC0-12])."	( Optimizing Mycophenolic Acid Exposure in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Time for Target Concentration Intervention. Barraclough, KA; Cranswick, N; Holford, N; Ierino, F; Kausman, JY; Metz, DK; Staatz, CE; Walker, A, 2019)	1.1
" This could reduce the overall dose and dosing frequency of immunosuppressive drugs, and improve the safety and efficacy of treatment."	( Clickable, acid labile immunosuppressive prodrugs for in vivo targeting. Brudno, Y; Gorantla, VS; Mooney, DJ; Snyder, T; Sobral, MC; Wang, H, 2020)	0.56
" Although data from adult renal transplantation trials are used to help guide management decisions in pediatric patients, immunosuppressive therapy in pediatric renal transplant recipients often must be modified because of the unique dosage requirements and clinical effects of these agents in children, including their impact on growth and development."	( Immunosuppressants in Organ Transplantation. Tönshoff, B, 2020)	0.56
" Six weeks after complete resolution of the ulcer, MMF at a dosage of 250 mg twice daily was initiated; the dosage was subsequently increased to 500 mg twice daily without a recurrence of ulceration."	( Mycophenolate-induced oral ulcers: Case report and literature review. Asare, K; Gatzke, CB, 2020)	0.56
"Patients with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) typically respond well to initial glucocorticoid therapy, but always relapse with tapered or maintenance dosage of steroid."	( Relapse predictors and serologically unstable condition of IgG4-related disease: a large Chinese cohort. Chen, D; Gao, J; Li, ZG; Liu, Y; Shen, D; Wang, K; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Xia, C; Yang, F; Yu, G; Zeng, Q; Zhang, S; Zhu, L, 2020)	0.56
"The most accurate dosing of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was observed in patients receiving MMF with tacrolimus, 70."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of MFF in combinations with tacrolimus and cyclosporine. Findings of C0 and AUC. Kaduševičius, E; Marquet, P; Maslauskienë, R; Radzevičienė, A; Saint-Marcoux, F; Stankevičius, E, 2020)	0.56
"A national, multicentre retrospective analysis of patients transplanted in 2015 and 2016, comparing graft function, acute rejection, significant infection rates and immunosuppression dosing between patients aged 18 and 59 years (Group 1) and ≥60 years (Group 2)."	( The impact of age on patient tolerance of mycophenolate following kidney transplantation. Barton, E; Clancy, MJ; Geddes, CG; Henderson, L; Joss, N; Marson, L; Metcalfe, W; Petrie, M; Phelan, PJ; Rennie, TJW; Traynor, JP; Walbaum, D, 2020)	0.56
"Drug dosing for Tacrolimus (TAC) and Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) after kidney transplantation remains challenging."	( A new model to determine Optimal Exposure to Tacrolimus and Mycophenolate Mofetil after renal transplantation. Gruessner, A; Gruessner, R; Laftavi, MR; Onan, E; Pankewycz, O; Rucker, D; Wang, D, 2020)	0.56
" During surgery, MP was administered at a dose of 500 mg; thereafter, the dosage was tapered rapidly, and the drug was discontinued on day 14 post transplant."	( Early Steroid Withdrawal Protocol With Basiliximab and Rituximab in ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplant Recipients. Koyama, I; Nakajima, I; Shirai, H; Tojimbara, T; Yamazaki, T; Yashima, J, )	0.13
" In the hospitalized group, tacrolimus dosage was reduced in 46% of patients and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) therapy was stopped in 61% of patients."	( Kidney allograft recipients, immunosuppression, and coronavirus disease-2019: a report of consecutive cases from a New York City transplant center. Aull, MJ; Craig-Schapiro, R; Dadhania, DM; Gingras, L; Hartono, C; Kapur, S; Kodiyanplakkal, RP; Lee, JB; Lee, JR; Lubetzky, M; Marku-Podvorica, J; Muthukumar, T; Saal, S; Salinas, T; Sultan, S; Suthanthiran, M, 2020)	0.56
"Therapeutic drug monitoring leading to individualized dosing may improve efficacy of MMF."	( Mycophenolic acid area under the concentration-time curve is associated with therapeutic response in childhood-onset lupus nephritis. Decramer, S; Fila, M; Godron-Dubrasquet, A; Guigonis, V; Harambat, J; Morin, D; Saint-Marcoux, F; Sordet, M; Tellier, S; Woillard, JB, 2021)	2.06
" The level of MPA, CsA, and TAC in PBMCs might be more stable during dosing interval."	( Establishment of a Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Immunosuppressant Levels in the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Chinese Renal Transplant Recipients. An, HM; Chen, B; Lu, JQ; Shao, K; Shi, HQ; Zhai, XH; Zhou, PJ, 2020)	0.56
" As the long-term use of immunosuppressive agents (ISAs) may result in off-target systemic toxicity and complications, minimizing the ISA dosage while preserving the pharmacological efficacy could be a promising solution to address these challenges."	( Target-oriented delivery of self-assembled immunosuppressant cocktails prolongs allogeneic orthotopic liver transplant survival. Chen, X; Wan, J; Wang, H; Xie, H; Xu, X; Yang, Z; Zhang, L; Zheng, S; Zhou, K; Zhou, L; Zhu, H, 2020)	0.56
" His oral presentation was successfully treated with a combination of surgery and MMF dosage reduction with an oral presentation free of disease at 6 months follow-up."	( Rare Oral Presentation of a Mycophenolate Mofetil-Related Other Iatrogenic Immunodeficiency-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorder (MMF-OIA-LPD) Lesion: A Case Report and Literature Review. Cillo, JE; Khan, CM; Rice, J; Samhouri, Y; Taliaferro, A, 2021)	0.62
" Nevertheless, further studies are warranted to investigate the relevance of MPA concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells to dosing regimen optimisation."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Plasma and Cellular Mycophenolic Acid in Kidney Transplant Patients from the CIMTRE Study. Barau, C; Barrail-Tran, A; Benech, H; Bertrand, J; Durrbach, A; Furlan, V; Michelon, H; Riglet, F; Verstuyft, C, 2020)	0.8
" These data suggest that higher weight-based MMF dose reduces the risk of acute GVHD at the expense of increased relapse and supports conducting prospective studies to optimize MMF dosing after HCT."	( Weight-based mycophenolate mofetil dosing predicts acute GVHD and relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Arora, M; Bejanyan, N; Brunstein, CG; Cao, Q; Holtan, S; Jacobson, P; Lazaryan, A; MacMillan, M; Rogosheske, J; Ustun, C; Wagner, J; Weisdorf, DJ, 2021)	0.62
" Discontinuation or dosage reduction of immunosuppressives and other treatment information was documented."	( Clinical course of COVID-19 disease in immunosuppressed renal transplant patients Ateş, ÖF; Çetin, ES; Dheir, H; Fırat, N; Genç, AB; Karabay, O; Köroğlu, M; Muratdağı, G; Özmen, K; Sipahi, S; Tomak, Y; Yaylacı, S, 2021)	0.62
" In the future, the quality of life of AIH patients should be managed by personalized medicine, including the appropriate selection and dosing of first-line therapy and perhaps alternating with potential therapeutics, and the prediction of the success of treatment withdrawal."	( Recent updates on the management of autoimmune hepatitis. Komori, A, 2021)	0.62
"For mycophenolic acid (MPA), therapeutic drug monitoring is an essential tool for dosage optimization in transplant recipients and autoimmune diseases."	( Comparison of a Point-of-Care Testing with Enzyme-Multiplied Immunoassay Technique and Liquid Chromatography Combined With Tandem Mass Spectrometry Methods for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Mycophenolic Acid: A Preliminary Study. Cai, J; Han, Y; Wang, Y; Xiang, H; Zhang, M; Zhang, Y; Zhou, H, 2021)	1.37
"An open-label phase 1 study was conducted to evaluate the effect of voclosporin following dosing with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on blood levels of mycophenolic acid (MPA, the active moiety of MMF) and MPA glucuronide (MPAG, the pharmacologically inactive metabolite of MMF) in subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to assess the safety and tolerability of the combination."	( Voclosporin: a novel calcineurin inhibitor with no impact on mycophenolic acid levels in patients with SLE. Huizinga, RB; Lisk, L; Solomons, N; van Gelder, T, 2022)	1.16
" It helps clinicians to tailor drug dosage for optimized therapy through understanding the underlying complex pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics."	( Immunosuppressant quantification in intravenous microdialysate - towards novel quasi-continuous therapeutic drug monitoring in transplanted patients. Baldini, F; Bietenbeck, A; Bittersohl, H; Descalzo, AB; Giannetti, A; Luppa, PB; Marquet, P; O'Connell, M; Orellana, G; Renders, L; Tombelli, S; Trono, C; Weber, S; Wen, M, 2021)	0.62
"The new microdialysis-supported immunosensor allows real-time analysis of immunosuppressants and tailor-made dosing according to the AUC concept."	( Immunosuppressant quantification in intravenous microdialysate - towards novel quasi-continuous therapeutic drug monitoring in transplanted patients. Baldini, F; Bietenbeck, A; Bittersohl, H; Descalzo, AB; Giannetti, A; Luppa, PB; Marquet, P; O'Connell, M; Orellana, G; Renders, L; Tombelli, S; Trono, C; Weber, S; Wen, M, 2021)	0.62
" A better characterization of MPA pharmacokinetics is needed to help establish dosing regimens and standardized treatment protocols for canine patients."	( Single-dose pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid following administration of immediate-release mycophenolate mofetil in healthy Beagle dogs. Anderson, WH; Klotsman, M; Sathyan, G, 2021)	0.9
"001), and average oral dosage of >7."	( Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Taiwan. Chang, YS; Chen, WS; Huang, YF; Lai, CC; Li, TH; Tsao, YP; Wang, WH, 2022)	0.72
" Awareness of the potential for a more personalized dosing has led to development of methods to estimate MPA area under the curve based on the measurement of drug concentrations in only a few samples."	( Personalized Therapy for Mycophenolate: Consensus Report by the International Association of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology. Åsberg, A; Barten, MJ; Bergan, S; Brunet, M; Budde, K; Dieterlen, MT; Elens, L; Haufroid, V; Hesselink, DA; Johnson-Davis, KL; Kunicki, PK; Langman, LJ; Lemaitre, F; Marquet, P; Masuda, S; Millan, O; Mizuno, T; Moes, DJAR; Molinaro, M; Noceti, O; Oellerich, M; Pattanaik, S; Pawinski, T; Picard, N; Salzmann, L; Seger, C; Shipkova, M; Swen, JJ; Tönshoff, B; van Gelder, T; van Schaik, RHN; Venkataramanan, R; Vethe, NT; Vinks, AA; Wallemacq, P; Wieland, E; Woillard, JB; Zwart, TC, 2021)	0.62
"Fixed dosing of MMF leads to highly variable drug exposure."	( The use of mycophenolate mofetil area under the curve. Al Abbas, M; Chakrabarti, K; Frame, D; McCune, WJ, 2021)	0.62
"Given the wide range of MPA AUC encountered in autoimmune diseases, dose adjustments of MMF based on AUC rather than fixed dosing of MMF should be considered in both clinical practice and clinical trials."	( The use of mycophenolate mofetil area under the curve. Al Abbas, M; Chakrabarti, K; Frame, D; McCune, WJ, 2021)	0.62
" ZT6 dosing of MMF to wild-type mice generated a higher systemic exposure of mycophenolic acid (the active metabolite of MMF) as compared with ZT18 dosing."	( Clock gene Bmal1 controls diurnal rhythms in expression and activity of intestinal carboxylesterase 1. Chen, X; Guo, X; Li, SS; Su, C; Wu, B; Yu, F, 2021)	0.85
" Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the correlation between the MMF dosage and the annualized relapse rate (ARR) as well as clinical features."	( Differential efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in adults with relapsing myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorders. Cui, Z; Du, C; Jia, D; Wang, M; Xue, H; Zeng, P; Zhang, C; Zhang, H, 2021)	0.62
" Highly variable MPA exposure and drug response are observed among individuals receiving the same dosage of the drug."	( The Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Mycophenolic Acid: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Koonrungsesomboon, N; Na Takuathung, M; Sakuludomkan, W, 2021)	0.85
"The median starting dosage of MMF was 17."	( A retrospective study of adverse effects of mycophenolate mofetil administration to dogs with immune-mediated disease. Fukushima, K; Lappin, M; Legare, M; Veir, J, 2021)	0.62
" A model-informed dosing strategy was proposed by the established model, and MMF dose adjustment should be based on ALB levels and the post-transplantation time."	( Genetic polymorphisms in metabolic enzymes and transporters have no impact on mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in adult kidney transplant patients co-treated with tacrolimus: A population analysis. Feng, LJ; Jiao, Z; Liao, GY; Sheng, CC; Su, Y; Xia, Q; Xu, DJ; Yang, CL, 2021)	0.85
" While the FDA approved dose is 1500 mg twice daily, dosing is often reduced due to dose-dependent adverse effects."	( Impact of risk-stratified mycophenolate dosing in heart transplantation. Alam, A; Hall, SA; Sam, T; Van Zyl, JS, 2021)	0.62
" Studies on enteric-coated mycophenolic sodium, previously established LSS, Bayesian estimator, and different than twice a day dosing were excluded."	( A Systematic Review of Multiple Linear Regression-Based Limited Sampling Strategies for Mycophenolic Acid Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve Estimation. Resztak, M; Sobiak, J, 2021)	0.84
" Due to the serious side effects of long-term administration of corticosteroids, physicians administer steroid adjuvants to maintain remission and to limit the cumulative dosage of corticosteroids."	( Mycophenolate Mofetil as a Rescue Therapy in Frequently Relapsing/Steroid-Dependent Nephrotic Syndrome in Children; Ability to Maintain Remission. Hookari, S; Rafati, M; Seyedzadeh, A; Seyedzadeh, MS; Tohidi, MR, 2021)	0.62
"52%) and the cumulative dosage of corticosteroid (43."	( Mycophenolate Mofetil as a Rescue Therapy in Frequently Relapsing/Steroid-Dependent Nephrotic Syndrome in Children; Ability to Maintain Remission. Hookari, S; Rafati, M; Seyedzadeh, A; Seyedzadeh, MS; Tohidi, MR, 2021)	0.62
" In this setting, the personalization of steroid dosage might prevent an over exposure to the drug, but this strategy is not available yet."	( [Steroidi tra necessità e tossicità]. Affatato, S; Lucca, B; Sandrini, S, 2021)	0.62
" Only two dogs (two of 11) treated with a mean MMF dosage of 39 mg/kg/day along with oral prednisone or dexamethasone achieved complete remission (CR)."	( A retrospective evaluation of the steroid sparing effects of oral mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as an adjunct immunosuppressant for the treatment of canine pemphigus foliaceus. Austel, M; Banovic, F; Putra, A, 2022)	0.72
" The dosage of mycophenolate mofetil is adjusted according to the serum concentration of mycophenolic acid (MPA)."	( Serum albumin level is associated with mycophenolic acid concentration in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Fujita, N; Hibino, S; Kasagi, T; Kitagata, R; Nishimura, T; Tanaka, K; Uemura, O; Yuzawa, S, 2022)	1.21
" In particular, the potential benefit of MMF dosing based on the targeted mycophenolic acid (MPA) concentration was not taken into account."	( Is the failure of recent trials on withdrawal of calcineurin inhibitors due to inadequate mycophenolic acid dosing? Abramowicz, D; Hellemans, R, 2022)	1.17
" The CNI dosage of tacrolimus group and cyclosporine A group was compared before and after MMF."	( Effect of MMF Immunosuppression Based on CNI Reduction on CNI-Related Renal Damage after Lung Transplantation. Tang, C; Wang, W; Xue, Y; Yang, J, 2022)	0.72
" First, clinical symptoms improved as the dosage of prednisolone increased."	( A suspected case of a multiple autoimmune syndrome in a poodle dog. Bae, S; Jin, Y; Lim, D; Oh, T; Son, Y, 2022)	0.72
"Once-daily extended-release tacrolimus (TACER) is commonly administered following kidney transplantation (KTx); however, its optimal dosage remains unknown."	( Two-year outcomes of low-exposure extended-release tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil regimen in de novo kidney transplantation: A multi-center randomized controlled trial. Futamura, K; Goto, N; Hidaka, Y; Hiramitsu, T; Kawabata, C; Kinoshita, K; Kobayashi, T; Miyata, A; Narumi, S; Okada, M; Tanaka, K; Tomosugi, T; Toyoda, M; Tsujita, M; Watarai, Y; Yamanaga, S; Yokomizo, H, 2022)	0.72
" In contrast, the dosage and eAUC of MMF did not differ between groups."	( Two-year outcomes of low-exposure extended-release tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil regimen in de novo kidney transplantation: A multi-center randomized controlled trial. Futamura, K; Goto, N; Hidaka, Y; Hiramitsu, T; Kawabata, C; Kinoshita, K; Kobayashi, T; Miyata, A; Narumi, S; Okada, M; Tanaka, K; Tomosugi, T; Toyoda, M; Tsujita, M; Watarai, Y; Yamanaga, S; Yokomizo, H, 2022)	0.72
" This means that Bayesian dosing tools developed to optimise tacrolimus and MPA dosing in Caucasian recipients may be applied to Aboriginal recipients."	( Important lack of difference in tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics between Aboriginal and Caucasian kidney transplant recipients. Barraclough, KA; Carroll, R; Cherian, S; Gorham, G; Holford, N; Majoni, SW; Metz, D; Staatz, CE; Swaminathan, R, 2022)	0.98
" Monitoring the trough concentration level (C0) of MPA for dosage ad justments is considered controversial, mainly due to its low correlation with the area under the curve (AUC)."	( [Pharmacokinetic study of mycophenolic acid in pediatric kidney transplantation]. Boza Fuentes, P; de la Rivera Morales, A; Delucchi Bicocchi, A; Espinoza Giacomozzi, N; Rojo Lozano, A; Salas Palma, C; Yáñez Osorio, D, 2022)	1.02
"There is paucity of data on extended dosing interval between two doses of AZD1222 (AstraZeneca) in patients with Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases (AIRD)."	( Effectiveness of delayed second dose of AZD1222 vaccine in patients with autoimmune rheumatic disease. Ahmed, S; Benny, J; Cherian, S; Mehta, P; Panthak, A; Paul, A; Shenoy, P, 2022)	0.72
"02), and were more often treated with a lower mycophenolate mofetil dosage (765."	( Evaluation of the Correlation Between Responders and Non-Responders to the Second Coronavirus Disease Vaccination In Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Retrospective Single-Center Cohort Study. Fukuda, J; Kuji, H; Matsue, K; Matsunami, M; Nagaoka, K; Ochi, A; Ohara, M; Sugihara, S; Suzuki, T; Takanashi, Y; Toishi, T; Yashima, J, )	0.13
" This drug is commonly used in organ and hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), with variations in dosing across transplant types."	( Fecal β-glucuronidase activity differs between hematopoietic cell and kidney transplantation and a possible mechanism for disparate dose requirements. Holtan, SG; Israni, A; Jacobson, PA; Khan, MH; Khoruts, A; Onyeaghala, GC; Rashidi, A; Staley, C, )	0.13
" They were killed on the 14th PO and the kidney was removed for tissue oxidative stress analysis, by the dosage of reduced glutathione (GSH), lipoperoxidation (LPO) and protein carbonylation (PCO), and histological analysis by glomerular stereology (Glomerular volume density, Numerical density glomerular and mean glomerular volume)."	( Evaluation of nefrotoxicity by tacrolimus and micophenolate mofetil associated with kidney ischemia and reperfusion: experimental study in rats. Cavalli, AC; Fraga, R; Sala, LFM; Slongo, J; Tambara Filho, R, 2022)	0.72
"Mycophenolate mofetil dosage and mycophenolic acid were not associated with chronic lung allograft dysfunction development."	( Influence of mycophenolate mofetil dosage and plasma levels on the occurrence of chronic lung allograft dysfunction in lung transplants: a retrospective cohort analysis. Gaisl, T; Gautschi, F; Hage, R; Ortmanns, G; Saurer, P; Schuurmans, MM; Steinack, C, 2022)	1
" The median survival time was >176 days over the dosing period and 45 days after drug withdrawal."	( Impacts of dosing and drug withdrawal period on tacrolimus-based triple therapy in a non-human primate renal transplantation model. Fukahori, H; Hanaoka, K; Higashi, Y; Koyama, H; Maeda, M; Morokata, T; Murakami, R; Naganuma, Y; Nakamura, K; Satake, H, 2022)	0.72
" Immunobiogram dose-response curve parameters were compared between both subgroups in patients treated with mycophenolate, tacrolimus, corticosteroids, cyclosporine A or everolimus."	( The Immunobiogram, a novel in vitro diagnostic test to measure the pharmacodynamic response to immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplant patients. Andrés, A; Crespo, M; Díez, T; Jiménez, C; Kotton, CN; Krajewska, M; Ortega, A; Pascual, J; Paz-Artal, E; Portero, I; Portolés, J; Seron, D; Sorensen, SS; Witzke, O, 2022)	0.72
" Simulations showed that for different dosing regimens, the highest percentage of target attainment is around 50%."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Enteric-Coated Mycophenolate Sodium in Children after Renal Transplantation and Initial Dosage Recommendation Based on Body Surface Area. Huang, Y; Li, Z; Wang, G; Xu, H; Ye, Q, 2022)	0.72
" We describe a new living donor kidney recipient receiving pretransplant and post-transplant immunosuppressants including oral mycophenolate (MMF 1 g daily) and tacrolimus (FK-506 4-8 mg daily) who developed progressive liver dysfunction (up to 10-fold increase) despite the reduced FK-506 dosage (6 mg daily)."	( Mycophenolate-Induced Hepatotoxicity Precipitates Tacrolimus Nephrotoxicity in a Kidney Transplant Recipient: A Case Report. Chang, WC; Chen, CC; Lin, SH, 2022)	0.72
" Dosage modifications of valganciclovir, MPA, cotrimoxazole, and anti-thymoglobulin and the need for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) use were common with L/N."	( Burden of neutropenia and leukopenia among adult kidney transplant recipients: A systematic literature review of observational studies. Kistler, KD; Raval, AD; Tang, Y; Vincenti, F, 2023)	0.91
" He did not respond to initial treatment with prednisone and mycophenolate (mofetil and sodium), and subsequent treatment with standard dosing of eculizumab."	( Utilizing therapeutic drug monitoring to optimize therapy with eculizumab and mycophenolate mofetil in a child with C3 glomerulonephritis. Chami, R; Chung, E; Licht, C; Noone, D; Riedl Khursigara, M; Teoh, CW; Tjon, J, 2023)	0.91
"Heart transplant recipients experience high rates of skin cancer, likely due to greater length or dosage of immunosuppression."	( A review of heart transplant immunosuppressants and nonmelanoma skin cancer. Camacho, I; Dave, Y; Eckembrecher, DG; Eckembrecher, FJ; Nouri, K; Patel, S; Shah, H, 2023)	0.91
" The dosage and courses of corticosteroid treatment, the recovery of neurological function, the occurrence of adverse effects, and relapses were followed up."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of different corticosteroid courses plus mycophenolate mofetil for autoimmune encephalitis with neuronal surface antibodies without tumor. Dou, J; Guo, S; Huang, T; Li, D; Wang, C; Zhang, F; Zhang, X, 2023)	0.91
" Additionally, no significant difference in the cumulative dosage of corticosteroids was found between patients in Group 6-12 months and Group >12 months during the first 6 months after beginning long-term treatment."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of different corticosteroid courses plus mycophenolate mofetil for autoimmune encephalitis with neuronal surface antibodies without tumor. Dou, J; Guo, S; Huang, T; Li, D; Wang, C; Zhang, F; Zhang, X, 2023)	0.91
" However, it is not clear whether long-term maintenance therapy with reduced-calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) dosing still leads to reduced renal function."	( Long-term effects of average calcineurin inhibitor trough levels (over time) on renal function in a prospectively followed cohort of 150 kidney transplant recipients. Burke, GW; Ciancio, G; Gaynor, JJ; Guerra, G; Kupin, W; Mattiazzi, A; Moni, L; Roth, D; Tabbara, MM, 2023)	0.91
"For children with OMG, the addition of various immunosuppressants can reduce the dosage of GC and adverse reactions."	( [Clinical effect of different immunosuppressive treatment regimens in children with ocular myasthenia gravis: a retrospective analysis]. Chen, H; Chen, Y; Huang, ZX; Wang, RY; Zhong, JM, 2023)	0.91