Page last updated: 2024-09-27

lithium chloride

Description

Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID433294
CHEMBL ID69710
CHEBI ID48607
MeSH IDM0027208

Synonyms (102)

Synonym
licl
LOPAC0_000604
EU-0100604
lithium chloride, bioxtra, >=99.0% (titration)
MOLMAP_000071
NCGC00015607-01
lopac-l-4408
wln: li g
nsc-327172
7447-41-8
lithium chloride (licl)
lithium chloride
nsc327172
hsdb 4281
ccris 5924
nsc 327172
chlorku litu [polish]
chlorure de lithium [french]
einecs 231-212-3
luthium chloride
lithium chloride, for molecular biology, >=99%
lithium chloride, anhydrous, beads, -10 mesh, 99.998% trace metals basis
lithium chloride, anhydrous, beads, -10 mesh, >=99.9% trace metals basis
lithium chloride, powder, >=99.99% trace metals basis
NCGC00093980-01
NCGC00093980-02
chloride, lithium
cloruro de litio
lithiumchlorid
lithii chloridum
chlorure de lithium
CHEBI:48607 ,
chembl69710 ,
lithium chloride, puriss. p.a., acs reagent, anhydrous, >=99.0% (at)
lithium chloride, bioultra, for molecular biology, anhydrous, >=99.0% (at)
NCGC00015607-02
L 4408
L0204
L0222
NCGC00015607-04
chlorku litu
chlorolithium
lithium cholride
A838146
HMS3261J10
59217-69-5
lithium chloride, gamma irradiated, 8m
CCG-204693
AKOS015950647
NCGC00015607-03
g4962qa067 ,
unii-g4962qa067
ec 231-212-3
FT-0627896
LP00604
lithium chloride [mi]
lithium chloride [hsdb]
lithium chloride [inci]
lithium muriaticum [hpus]
lithium muriaticum
lithium chloride [who-dd]
AKOS015902822
clli
lithiumchloridegr(anhydrous)
NCGC00261289-01
tox21_500604
KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
lithim chloride
lithiumchloride
AKOS024438070
mfcd00011078
DTXSID2025509 ,
lithium chloride, 3-5% in thf
lithium chloride, ultra dry
lithium chloride, puriss. p.a., anhydrous, >=99.0% (at)
lithium chloride, anhydrous, free-flowing, redi-dri(tm), acs reagent, >=99%
lithium chloride, anhydrous, free-flowing, redi-dri(tm), reagentplus(r), 99%
lithium chloride, anhydrous, chunks, 99.99% trace metals basis
lithium chloride, anhydrous
lithium chloride, acs reagent, >=99%
lithium chloride, saj special grade, >=99.0%
lithium chloride, saj first grade, >=98.0%
lithium chloride, reagentplus(r), 99%
lithium chloride, acs grade
lithium chloride, acs reagent
lithium chloride, vetec(tm) reagent grade
sr-01000076252
SR-01000076252-1
lithium chloride, trace metals grade 99.9%
lithium chloride battery grade
BP-13612
lithium chloride (2.3% in tetrahydrofuran, ca. 0.5mol/l)
Q422930
lithium;chloride
bdbm50494542
SDCCGSBI-0050586.P002
NCGC00015607-07
SY002997
lithium chloride (powder)
2m lithium chloride electrolyte, electrode filling solution
dtxcid105509
lithium monochloride

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) is an important mood-stabilizing therapeutic agent for bipolar disorders, which has also been shown to inhibit cancer cell metastasis. "( Jeon, SH; Kim, JY; Park, HH; Yong, TS, 2021)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) is a widely used and extensively researched drug for the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD). "( Al-Gafari, M; Golshani, A; Hajikarimlou, M; Jagadeesan, SK; Moteshareie, H; Samanfar, B; Smith, M; Takallou, S; Tayabali, A, 2022)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) is a compound that induces unpleasant sensations, including visceral discomfort, although its effects on behavior and physiological conditions have also not been investigated extensively in birds."( Cline, MA; Khan, S; Makino, R; Nakatani, A; Tachibana, T, 2022)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) is a widely used drug for the treatment of bipolar disorders, but as a side effect, 40% of the patients develop diabetes insipidus. "( Edemir, B; Kaiser, M, 2020)
"Lithium chloride is a glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) inhibitor and exert its effects through modulation of nitric oxide pathway."( Dehpour, AR; Esmaeili, J; Mumtaz, F; Nezamoleslami, S; Shafaroodi, H; Sheibani, M, 2020)
"Lithium Chloride (LiCl) is a widely prescribed drug for the treatment of bipolar disorder, acute brain injuries, and chronic neurodegenerative diseases."( Kumar, S; Shokeen, K; Srivathsan, A, 2021)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) is an emetic drug that has been used to create animal models of anticipatory nausea and conditioned place aversion. "( Cross-Mellor, SK; Doobay, M; Kavaliers, M; Ossenkopp, KP; Wah, DTO, 2021)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) is a widely-used medication to treat neurological disorders that has undesirable side effects on the female reproductive system. "( Bai, L; Chang, HM; Cheng, JC; Chu, G; Leung, PCK; Yang, G, 2018)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) is a drug used to treat bipolar disorder, but has side effects in the female reproductive system. "( Mirakhori, F; Shirmohammadian, A; Tafreshi, AP; Zeynali, B, 2013)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) is an FDA-approved drug for bipolar disorder."( Goliaei, B; Khodagholi, F; Nikoofar, A; Rouhani, M, 2014)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) is an activator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling through stabilizing β-catenin."( Dong, PY; Mai, Y; Yang, GS; Yang, H; Zhang, ZY; Zheng, XL, 2014)
"Lithium chloride is a GSK-3 family inhibitor that has been a mainstay of in vitro and in vivo studies for many years."( Abdul, AR; Gary, RK; Gorjala, P; Mudireddy, SR, 2014)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl), which is a specific inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, is known to induce cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and to regulate apoptosis. "( Ha, TK; Kim, YG; Lee, GM, 2014)
"Lithium chloride is a potential antiviral drug for viruses."( Fang, B; Fu, C; Fu, X; Hong, M; Huang, S; Li, S; Yan, Z; Zhou, P, 2015)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl), is a drug used to treat bipolar disorder and has also shown activity against bacterial and viral infections."( Feng, ZX; Ishag, HZ; Liu, MJ; Shao, GQ; Wu, YZ; Xiong, QY; Yang, RS, 2016)
"Lithium chloride is a therapeutic agent for treatment of bipolar affective disorders. "( Ge, J; Ge, Y; Kaminski, JM; Li, F; Lin, J; Liu, X; Liu, Z; Summers, JB; Wang, Z; Yu, K; Zhuang, J, 2009)
"Lithium Chloride (LiCl), which is an inhibitor of GSK3β, markedly reduced the TNF-α-stimulated IL-6 release, similar to the results with Wnt3a."( Adachi, S; Kato, K; Kozawa, O; Matsushima-Nishiwaki, R; Minamitani, C; Natsume, H; Otsuka, T; Tokuda, H, 2011)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) is a selective inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a serine/threonine kinase that regulates many cellular processes, in addition to its role in the regulation of glycogen synthase."( Gayathri, G; Ravi Sankar, B; Sangeetha, G; Suganthi, M, 2012)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) is a potent inhibitor of the DNA virus herpes simplex virus but not RNA viruses."( Harrison, SM; Hiscox, JA; Kaiser, P; Rothwell, L; Tarpey, I, 2007)

Effects

ExcerptReference
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) has a significant neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischaemia. "( Dan, Y; Junde, Z; Lu, Z; Shan, C; Tingting, L; Yizhen, Z, 2023)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) has a significant neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischaemia. "( Dan, Y; Junde, Z; Lu, Z; Shan, C; Tingting, L; Yizhen, Z, 2023)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) has been widely researched and utilized as a therapeutic option for bipolar disorder (BD). "( Al-Gafari, M; Allard, D; Golshani, A; Hajikarimlou, M; Jagadeesan, SK; Kazmirchuk, TDD; Moteshareie, H; Nokhbeh, R; Said, KB; Samanfar, B; Smith, M; Takallou, S; Wang, J, 2023)
"Lithium chloride has previously been shown to enhance myogenesis and prevent certain forms of muscular dystrophy."( Jung, DW; Kim, HJ; Kim, JH; Kim, SW; Lee, JH; Um, J; Williams, DR, 2021)
"Lithium chloride has been widely used as a therapeutic mood stabilizer. "( Barrantes, FJ; Henríquez, JP; Zelada, D, 2021)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) has been shown to improve the tightness of brain endothelial cell monolayers in vitro by inhibition of the GSK-3β enzyme, activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway and regulation of tight junction (TJ) protein expression. "( Couraud, PO; Declèves, X; Ganeshamoorthy, K; Huilong, L; Scherrmann, JM; Shawahna, R, 2017)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) has been reported to possess antiviral activity against several viruses. "( Cheng, X; Nair, V; Qian, K; Qin, A; Shao, H; Yao, Y; Zhang, D, 2018)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) has been reported as a potential antiviral drug for certain viruses."( Gao, DS; Li, HJ; Li, YT; Liu, HY; Wang, YS; Zhao, J, 2018)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) has shown neuroprotective effects through glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibition in a variety of central nervous system diseases."( Li, R; Liu, Z; Tang, X; Wu, X; Yu, Z; Zhao, S, 2019)
"Lithium chloride has demonstrated neuroprotective qualities and therefore shows great potential therapeutic benefit for some neurodegenerative diseases."( Lin, YC; Marra, KG; Oh, SJ, 2013)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) has been used as a mood stabilizer in the manic depressive disorders treatment. "( Fan, HJ; Hao, HP; Li, JR; Mao, X; Ni, B; Sun, MX; Wang, R; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wen, LB, 2015)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) has long been used as a mood stabilizer for bipolar mood depression patients. "( Chang, MY; Chen, HC; Chien, WC; Hsieh, MY; Lai, MD; Leu, TH; Maa, MC, 2015)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) has long been used as a psychiatric medication; however, its role in the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) remains largely unknown. "( Chen, Y; Pei, F; Tang, L; Zhang, H, 2015)
"Lithium Chloride (LiCl) has been used as a canonical Wnt pathway activator due to its ability to inhibit a glycogen synthase kinase-3. "( Osathanon, T; Pavasant, P; Rattanawarawipa, P; Sukarawan, W, 2016)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) has been found to be effective against several DNA viruses, such as Herpes simplex virus and vaccinia virus."( Herrler, G; Li, G; Li, X; Meng, F; Ren, X; Wang, C; Yin, J, 2011)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) has been considered to be a potent inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a serine/threonine kinase that is involved in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis."( Babu, SD; Benson, CS; Ramadoss, S; Ravi Sankar, B; Sangeetha, G; Sathyavathy, A; Suganthi, M, 2012)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) has been shown to demonstrate anticancer properties at supratherapeutic doses. "( Goodfellow, PJ; Mutch, DG; Novetsky, AP; Powell, MA; Thaker, PH; Thompson, DM; Zighelboim, I, 2013)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) has been shown to decrease gastric acid secretion and protect against ethanol-induced hemorrhagic gastritis in the rat. "( Boedeker, HB; Harmon, JW; Johnson, LF; Lillemoe, KD; Wong, RK, 1983)
"Lithium chloride has been used in many studies of conditioning to induce taste aversion behaviour, and in some experiments investigating conditioning effects on immunity it has been used on the assumption that it is immunologically neutral. "( Bull, DF; Gauci, M; Husband, AJ; King, MG; Schedlowski, M, 1992)
"Lithium chloride has been shown to cause granulocytosis both in vivo and in vitro."( Berne, RM; Gualtieri, RJ; Huster, WJ; McGrath, HE; Quesenberry, PJ, 1986)

Actions

ExcerptReference
"Lithium chloride can inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells and cause the apoptosis of K562 cells."( He, Q; Tang, HR, 2003)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"Lithium chloride treatment reduces IRI in many organs including liver."( Boettcher, M; Dahmen, U; Dirsch, O; Fang, H; Kan, C; Liu, A, 2017)
"Lithium chloride, a classical treatment for bipolar disorder, has shown neuroprotective effects through glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibition in a variety of central nervous system diseases, including stroke."( Jiang, C; Li, R; Li, W; Liu, Z; Tang, X; Zhao, S, 2018)
"Lithium chloride-treated birds had a 22% reduction in stiffness compared with control in the femora (P=0.02) without a corresponding reduction in elastic modulus."( Adams, DJ; Darre, M; Eschbach, M; Glynn, EA; Govoni, KE; Harvey, BM; Kotha, S; Mancini, R; Ramanathan, R, 2015)
"Lithium chloride treatment of human skin fibroblasts from control and Glut-1 DS patients produced a 45% increase in glucose uptake."( De Vivo, DC; Di Nardo, A; Engelstad, K; Goldman, JE; Sahin, M; Schobel, S; Ullner, PM; Wang, D; Yang, H, 2009)
"Lithium chloride treatment increased urine volume and decreased osmolality in both WT and AQP2-CNT-KO mice."( Fenton, RA; Kortenoeven, ML; Miller, RL; Pedersen, NB; Rojek, A, 2013)
"Lithium chloride (LiCl) treatment activated Wnt signaling in osteoblasts, inhibited myeloma bone disease, and decreased tumor burden in bone, but increased tumor growth when 5TGM1 cells were inoculated subcutaneously."( Edwards, CM; Edwards, JR; Esparza, J; Grubbs, B; Lwin, ST; McCluskey, B; Mundy, GR; Munoz, S; Oyajobi, BO, 2008)
"Both lithium chloride and quinine treatments gave rise to a slow rate of eating accompanied by a disordered temporal sequence of eating, grooming and resting."( Blundell, JE; Hill, AJ; Rogers, PJ, 1985)
"As treatment with lithium chloride (LiCl) can restore passaged chondrocytes in monolayer, in this study, we investigated whether this approach would be effective in 3D culture and restore chondrocyte mechanosensitivity."( Chiu, LLY; Momin, A; Soave, A; Waldman, SD, 2022)
"Treatment with lithium chloride induced autophagy and apoptosis in recombinant insect cells and led to increases in the yields of secreted antibodies."( Katsuda, T; Ohmuro-Matsuyama, Y; Yamaji, H, 2019)
"Treatment with lithium chloride caused a robust increase in interleukin-10, preserved ψ(m), and markedly decreased all other parameters with the effect being most prominent for hearts perfused at the high pressure."( Baban, B; Liu, JY; Mozaffari, MS, 2013)
"Rats treated with lithium chloride for 6 weeks have been reported to demonstrate reduced turnover of arachidonic acid (AA) in brain phospholipids, and decreases in mRNA and protein levels, and enzyme activity, of AA-selective cytosolic phospholipase A(2)(cPLA(2)). "( Bosetti, F; Chang, MC; Contreras, MA; Rapoport, SI; Rintala, J; Rosenberger, TA; Seemann, R, 2002)
"Pretreatment with lithium chloride at the threshold concentrations enhanced the inhibitory effects of verapamil on diaphragmatic contractions elicited either indirectly or directly."( Abdel-Zaher, AO, 2000)

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
antimanic drugAntimanic drugs are agents used to treat bipolar disorders or mania associated with other affective disorders.
geroprotectorAny compound that supports healthy aging, slows the biological aging process, or extends lifespan.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
inorganic chloride
lithium salt
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (2)

lithium chloride is involved in 2 pathway(s), involving a total of 98 unique proteins and 19 unique compounds

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Integrated breast cancer pathway9818
OSX and miRNAs in tooth development01

Protein Targets (30)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
GLS proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.62340.35487.935539.8107AID624146
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.62280.001318.074339.8107AID926
arylsulfatase AHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.47751.069113.955137.9330AID720538
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.02240.035520.977089.1251AID504332
D(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.81990.02245.944922.3872AID488982
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.30960.01789.637444.6684AID588834
flap endonuclease 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.32330.133725.412989.1251AID588795
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency31.62280.031610.279239.8107AID884; AID885
inositol monophosphatase 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency708.9730707.9460708.9730710.0000AID2301; AID2308
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.02000.00106.000935.4813AID943
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Cholecystokinin receptor type ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency710.0000710.0000710.0000710.0000AID2301
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency710.0000710.0000710.0000710.0000AID2301
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency8.49210.060110.745337.9330AID485368
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)6.53000.00060.801310.0000AID1056787
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)3,000.00000.20000.85001.5000AID82517
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (73)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
positive regulation of gene expressionGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
ER overload responseGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine phosphorylationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transductionGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein export from nucleusGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
epithelial to mesenchymal transitionGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesionGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
glycogen metabolic processGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion organizationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine receptor signaling pathwayGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
circadian rhythmGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagyGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine phosphorylationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-threonine phosphorylationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
viral protein processingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
hippocampus developmentGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
establishment of cell polarityGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
maintenance of cell polarityGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migrationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of axon extensionGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projection developmentGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein-containing complex assemblyGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein-containing complex assemblyGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein ubiquitinationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic processGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activityGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of microtubule-based processGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transductionGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interleukin-3Glycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythmGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic processGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of GTPase activityGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell differentiationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of osteoblast differentiationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glycogen biosynthetic processGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cilium assemblyGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein catabolic processGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein autophosphorylationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein export from nucleusGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendrite morphogenesisGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of axonogenesisGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
canonical Wnt signaling pathwayGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organizationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascadeGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
superior temporal gyrus developmentGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to retinoic acidGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathwayGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligandGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmissionGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projection organizationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of microtubule anchoring at centrosomeGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular response to heatGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein localization to nucleusGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of long-term synaptic potentiationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathwayGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein acetylationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptorsGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to ciliumGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amyloid-betaGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to centrosomeGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
beta-catenin destruction complex disassemblyGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell developmentGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activityGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of TOR signalingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of neuron projection developmentGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
cell differentiationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor signaling pathwayGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (17)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
protease bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
p53 bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase activityGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activityGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
beta-catenin bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
kinase activityGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase A catalytic subunit bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
dynactin bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
tau protein bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
tau-protein kinase activityGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
NF-kappaB bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activityGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (14)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
glutamatergic synapseGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
centrosomeGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
axonGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
dendriteGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
beta-catenin destruction complexGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
presynapseGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
postsynapseGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
Wnt signalosomeGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
axonGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (53)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1347057CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - LANCE assay qHTS validation2019PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7
Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347045Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot counterscreen GloSensor control cell line2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347050Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr2) antagonism - Pilot subtype selectivity assay2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347059CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - Alpha assay qHTS validation2019PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7
Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1347049Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot screen2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588349qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation of Cytotoxic Assay
AID504836Inducers of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response (ERSR) in human glioma: Validation2002The Journal of biological chemistry, Apr-19, Volume: 277, Issue:16
Sustained ER Ca2+ depletion suppresses protein synthesis and induces activation-enhanced cell death in mast cells.
AID588378qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347151Optimization of GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347410qHTS for inhibitors of adenylyl cyclases using a fission yeast platform: a pilot screen against the NCATS LOPAC library2019Cellular signalling, 08, Volume: 60A fission yeast platform for heterologous expression of mammalian adenylyl cyclases and high throughput screening.
AID1347058CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - HTRF assay qHTS validation2019PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7
Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347405qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS LOPAC collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID118788Compound was tested for cognitive activity by measuring retention for passive avoidance learning in mice at dose 10 mg/kg1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 24, Issue:3
Cognition-activating properties of 3-(Aryloxy)pyridines.
AID243255Inhibitory activity (20 mM) against Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, expressed as percent control2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 14, Issue:22
Examining the correlations between GSK-3 inhibitory properties and anti-convulsant efficacy of valproate and valproate-related compounds.
AID111838Compound was evaluated for the ability to reverse electroconvulsive shock (ECS) induced amnesia in mice, after administering intraperitoneally, at a dose of 40 mg/kg1984Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 27, Issue:5
Amnesia-reversal activity of a series of N-[(disubstituted-amino)alkyl] -2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamides, including pramiracetam.
AID605822Inhibition of GSK3 in granule cerebellar neurons assessed as increase of tau phosphorylation at 25 uM after 16 hrs by Western blot analysis2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-23, Volume: 54, Issue:12
Switching reversibility to irreversibility in glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitors: clues for specific design of new compounds.
AID111826Ability to reverse electroconvulsive shock induced amnesia in mice, after administering intraperitoneally at a dose of 1.25 mg/kg1984Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 27, Issue:5
Amnesia-reversal activity of a series of N-[(disubstituted-amino)alkyl] -2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamides, including pramiracetam.
AID111834Ability to reverse electroconvulsive shock induced amnesia in mice, after administering intraperitoneally at a dose of 20.0 mg/kg1984Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 27, Issue:5
Amnesia-reversal activity of a series of N-[(disubstituted-amino)alkyl] -2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamides, including pramiracetam.
AID1765308Improvement in learning and spatial memory in mouse harboring APP/PSI/Tau assessed as improvement in trajectory at 100 mg/kg, po for 30 consecutive days and studied for 5 days by Morris water maze test relative to control2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 222Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of harmine derivatives as potent GSK-3β/DYRK1A dual inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
AID111828Ability to reverse electroconvulsive shock (ECS) induced amnesia in mice, after administering intraperitoneally, at a dose of 10.0 mg/kg1984Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 27, Issue:5
Amnesia-reversal activity of a series of N-[(disubstituted-amino)alkyl] -2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamides, including pramiracetam.
AID1563653Neuroprotective activity against amyloid beta (25 to 35 residues)-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as increase in cell viability at 10 mM preincubated for 1 hr followed by amyloid beta (25 to 35 residues) addition and measured after 72 h2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-25, Volume: 62, Issue:14
Multistage Screening Reveals 3-Substituted Indolin-2-one Derivatives as Novel and Isoform-Selective c-Jun N-terminal Kinase 3 (JNK3) Inhibitors: Implications to Drug Discovery for Potential Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases.
AID1056787Inhibition of human recombinant GSK3beta using prephosphorylated GS1 peptide as substrate after 1 hr by liquid scintillation spectrometry2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 23, Issue:24
6-(4-Pyridyl)pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones as CNS penetrant glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitors.
AID82517Effective concentration of compound against glycogen synthase kinase-3 in HEK293 cells2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-21, Volume: 14, Issue:12
3-(7-Azaindolyl)-4-arylmaleimides as potent, selective inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3.
AID1477067Toxicity in Wistar rat assessed as induction of malaise at 0.4 M measured 30 mins for 2 days by conditioned taste aversion test2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-14, Volume: 60, Issue:23
A Positive Allosteric Modulator of the Serotonin 5-HT
AID111830Ability to reverse electroconvulsive shock induced amnesia in mice, after administering intraperitoneally at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg1984Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 27, Issue:5
Amnesia-reversal activity of a series of N-[(disubstituted-amino)alkyl] -2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamides, including pramiracetam.
AID118793Retention for passive avoidance learning in mice at dose 5 mg/kg1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 24, Issue:3
Cognition-activating properties of 3-(Aryloxy)pyridines.
AID605823Inhibition of GSK3 in granule cerebellar neurons assessed as decrease of tau phosphorylation at Ser396 at 25 uM after 16 hrs by Western blot analysis2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-23, Volume: 54, Issue:12
Switching reversibility to irreversibility in glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitors: clues for specific design of new compounds.
AID111841Ability to reverse electroconvulsive shock induced amnesia in mice, after administering intraperitoneally at a dose of 5 mg/kg1984Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 27, Issue:5
Amnesia-reversal activity of a series of N-[(disubstituted-amino)alkyl] -2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamides, including pramiracetam.
AID1261852Inhibition of amphetamine-induced hypermotility in C57BL/6J mouse at 50 to 100 mg/kg, ip measured for 90 mins2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-25, Volume: 58, Issue:22
Hit Optimization of 5-Substituted-N-(piperidin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamides: Potent Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) Inhibitors with in Vivo Activity in Model of Mood Disorders.
AID118787Retention for passive avoidance learning in mice at dose 1.25 mg/kg1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 24, Issue:3
Cognition-activating properties of 3-(Aryloxy)pyridines.
AID1633450Inhibition of GSK3beta in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as reduction in copper-induced tau hyperphosphorylation at 10 mM preincubated for 1 hr followed by copper addition and measured after 26 hrs by ELISA2019ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-11, Volume: 10, Issue:4
Discovery of the First-in-Class GSK-3β/HDAC Dual Inhibitor as Disease-Modifying Agent To Combat Alzheimer's Disease.
AID118789Retention for passive avoidance learning in mice at dose 2.5 mg/kg1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 24, Issue:3
Cognition-activating properties of 3-(Aryloxy)pyridines.
AID118792Compound was tested for cognitive activity by measuring retention for passive avoidance learning in mice at dose 40 mg/kg1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 24, Issue:3
Cognition-activating properties of 3-(Aryloxy)pyridines.
AID1814365Cytotoxicity against human NB-4 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-10, Volume: 64, Issue:11
Discovery of Novel Benzothiazepinones as Irreversible Covalent Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Inhibitors for the Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia.
AID111825Ability to reverse electroconvulsive shock (ECS) induced amnesia in mice, after administering intraperitoneally, at a dose of 0.63 mg/kg1984Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 27, Issue:5
Amnesia-reversal activity of a series of N-[(disubstituted-amino)alkyl] -2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamides, including pramiracetam.
AID111843Ability to reverse electroconvulsive shock (ECS) induced amnesia in mice, after administering intraperitoneally, at a dose of 80 mg/kg1984Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 27, Issue:5
Amnesia-reversal activity of a series of N-[(disubstituted-amino)alkyl] -2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamides, including pramiracetam.
AID118795Retention for passive avoidance learning in mice at dose 80 mg/kg1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 24, Issue:3
Cognition-activating properties of 3-(Aryloxy)pyridines.
AID1261876Toxicity in C57BL/6J mouse amphetamine-induced hypermotility model assessed as reduction of spontaneous locomotor activity at 100 mg/kg, ip2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-25, Volume: 58, Issue:22
Hit Optimization of 5-Substituted-N-(piperidin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamides: Potent Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) Inhibitors with in Vivo Activity in Model of Mood Disorders.
AID1563656Effect on cell proliferation in human SH-SY5Y cells at 1 to 10 mM measured after 1 hr by MTT assay2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-25, Volume: 62, Issue:14
Multistage Screening Reveals 3-Substituted Indolin-2-one Derivatives as Novel and Isoform-Selective c-Jun N-terminal Kinase 3 (JNK3) Inhibitors: Implications to Drug Discovery for Potential Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases.
AID1543581Inhibition of GSK3bbeta in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as reduction in human amyloid beta (25 to 35) peptide-induced tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser396 residue at 20 mM preincubated for 1 hr followed by amyloid beta-stimulation and measured after 6 hrs b2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 167Synthesis and evaluation of novel GSK-3β inhibitors as multifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease.
AID1814387Antiproliferative activity against human NB4-DR1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-10, Volume: 64, Issue:11
Discovery of Novel Benzothiazepinones as Irreversible Covalent Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Inhibitors for the Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia.
AID243257Inhibitory activity (20 mM) against Glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha, expressed as percent control2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 14, Issue:22
Examining the correlations between GSK-3 inhibitory properties and anti-convulsant efficacy of valproate and valproate-related compounds.
AID521220Inhibition of neurosphere proliferation of mouse neural precursor cells by MTT assay2007Nature chemical biology, May, Volume: 3, Issue:5
Chemical genetics reveals a complex functional ground state of neural stem cells.
AID118785Compound was tested for cognitive activity by measuring retention for passive avoidance learning in mice at dose 0.63 mg/kg1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 24, Issue:3
Cognition-activating properties of 3-(Aryloxy)pyridines.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).2014Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (3,741)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-1990697 (18.63)18.7374
1990's691 (18.47)18.2507
2000's1044 (27.91)29.6817
2010's1147 (30.66)24.3611
2020's162 (4.33)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials45 (1.16%)5.53%
Reviews73 (1.88%)6.00%
Case Studies46 (1.18%)4.05%
Observational1 (0.03%)0.25%
Other3,718 (95.75%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research Highlights

Safety/Toxicity (52)

ArticleYear
Cytotoxicity of Exogenous Acetoacetate in Lithium Salt Form Is Mediated by Lithium and Not Acetoacetate.
Anticancer research, Volume: 40, Issue: 7
2020
Enhancing autophagy by down-regulating GSK-3β alleviates cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in vivo and in vitro.
Toxicology letters, Oct-01, Volume: 313
2019
Lithium Toxicity in Older Adults: a Systematic Review of Case Reports.
Clinical drug investigation, Volume: 38, Issue: 3
2018
Lithium attenuates lead induced toxicity on mouse non-adherent bone marrow cells.
Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS), Volume: 36
2016
Enhancing Beta-Catenin Activity via GSK3beta Inhibition Protects PC12 Cells against Rotenone Toxicity through Nurr1 Induction.
PloS one, Volume: 11, Issue: 4
2016
Toxic Effects of Lithium Chloride during Early Neonatal Period of Rat Development.
Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, Volume: 160, Issue: 4
2016
BPA-toxicity via superoxide anion overload and a deficit in β-catenin signaling in human bone mesenchymal stem cells.
Environmental toxicology, Volume: 32, Issue: 1
2017
Lithium protects against methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells via Akt/GSK3β/mTOR pathway.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications, Sep-25, Volume: 465, Issue: 3
2015
Stabilization of microtubular cytoskeleton protects neurons from toxicity of N-terminal fragment of cytosolic prion protein.
Biochimica et biophysica acta, Volume: 1853, Issue: 10 Pt A
2015
Neuroprotective effect of hemeoxygenase-1/glycogen synthase kinase-3β modulators in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity in rats.
Neuroscience, Feb-26, Volume: 287
2015
Lithium prevents acrolein-induced neurotoxicity in HT22 mouse hippocampal cells.
Neurochemical research, Volume: 39, Issue: 4
2014
Temporal association as a prerequisite factor of valsartan-induced lithium toxicity.
Bipolar disorders, Volume: 16, Issue: 6
2014
Nitrergic, glutamatergic and gabaergic systems in lithium toxicity.
The Journal of toxicological sciences, Volume: 37, Issue: 5
2012
Role of autophagy inhibitors and inducers in modulating the toxicity of trimethyltin in neuronal cell cultures.
Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), Volume: 119, Issue: 11
2012
Lithium attenuates bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity in vitro through phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/threonine-serine protein kinase B- and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent mechanisms.
Neuroscience, Mar-29, Volume: 206
2012
Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β by Angelica sinensis extract decreases β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity and tau phosphorylation in cultured cortical neurons.
Journal of neuroscience research, Volume: 89, Issue: 3
2011
Normal prion protein in Drosophila enhances the toxicity of pathogenic polyglutamine proteins and alters susceptibility to oxidative and autophagy signaling modulators.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications, Jan-14, Volume: 404, Issue: 2
2011
Enhancement of vinorelbine-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis by clomipramine and lithium chloride in human neuroblastoma cancer cell line SH-SY5Y.
Journal of neuro-oncology, Volume: 100, Issue: 3
2010
Inhibiting p53 pathways in microglia attenuates microglial-evoked neurotoxicity following exposure to Alzheimer peptides.
Journal of neurochemistry, Volume: 112, Issue: 2
2010
Successful treatment of lithium toxicity with sodium polystyrene sulfonate: a retrospective cohort study.
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), Volume: 48, Issue: 1
2010
Severe toxicity and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 mRNA increase by lithium in the neonatal mouse kidney.
The Journal of toxicological sciences, Volume: 34, Issue: 5
2009
Selective GSK-3beta inhibitors attenuate the cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity of auditory cells.
Hearing research, Volume: 257, Issue: 1-2
2009
Lithium: updated human knowledge using an evidence-based approach: part III: clinical safety.
CNS drugs, Volume: 23, Issue: 5
2009
Cytotoxicity and mitotic alterations induced by non-genotoxic lithium salts in CHO cells in vitro.
Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA, Volume: 23, Issue: 3
2009
Estradiol and lithium chloride specifically alter NMDA receptor subunit NR1 mRNA and excitotoxicity in primary cultures.
Brain research, May-01, Volume: 1268
2009
Safe taste memory consolidation is disrupted by a protein synthesis inhibitor in the nucleus accumbens shell.
Neurobiology of learning and memory, Volume: 92, Issue: 1
2009
Differentiating human NT2/D1 neurospheres as a versatile in vitro 3D model system for developmental neurotoxicity testing.
Toxicology, Jul-30, Volume: 249, Issue: 2-3
2008
Astroglia growth retardation and increased microglia proliferation by lithium and ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor in rat cerebellar cultures: Cytotoxicity by combined lithium and polyamine inhibition.
Journal of neuroscience research, Feb-15, Volume: 85, Issue: 3
2007
Differential effects of amphetamines-induced neurotoxicity on appetitive and aversive Pavlovian conditioning in mice.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Volume: 30, Issue: 6
2005
Inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta protects against kainic acid-induced neurotoxicity in vivo.
Brain research, Nov-05, Volume: 1026, Issue: 1
2004
p75 neurotrophin receptor protects primary cultures of human neurons against extracellular amyloid beta peptide cytotoxicity.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, Aug-13, Volume: 23, Issue: 19
2003
Lithium induces brain-derived neurotrophic factor and activates TrkB in rodent cortical neurons: an essential step for neuroprotection against glutamate excitotoxicity.
Neuropharmacology, Volume: 43, Issue: 7
2002
Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta inhibitors prevent cellular polyglutamine toxicity caused by the Huntington's disease mutation.
The Journal of biological chemistry, Sep-13, Volume: 277, Issue: 37
2002
Pharmacokinetics and toxic effects of lithium chloride after intravenous adminstration in conscious horses.
American journal of veterinary research, Volume: 62, Issue: 9
2001
Effects of chronic lithium on ototoxicity induced by gentamicin and amikacin in guinea-pigs.
Pharmacology & toxicology, Volume: 83, Issue: 5
1998
Prevention of lithium nephrotoxicity in a novel one-hour model in rats.
Psychopharmacology, Volume: 138, Issue: 1
1998
Chronic lithium treatment robustly protects neurons in the central nervous system against excitotoxicity by inhibiting N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated calcium influx.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Mar-03, Volume: 95, Issue: 5
1998
The yeast HAL2 nucleotidase is an in vivo target of salt toxicity.
The Journal of biological chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 271, Issue: 46
1996
Enhancement of tumor necrosis factor cytotoxicity by lithium chloride is associated with increased inositol phosphate accumulation.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), Jul-01, Volume: 151, Issue: 1
1993
Cytotoxicity in L929 murine fibrosarcoma cells after triggering of transfected human p75 tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor is mediated by endogenous murine TNF.
Cytokine, Volume: 7, Issue: 5
1995
Strain dependent rate of Li+ elimination associated with toxic effects of lethal doses of lithium chloride in mice.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, Volume: 19, Issue: 2
1983
Effect of alkali metals on chlorpromazine toxicity in the mouse.
Brain research bulletin, Volume: 11, Issue: 2
1983
Genetic basis for lithium toxicity and its relationship with tissue distribution: a diallel cross analysis of six strains of mice.
Canadian journal of genetics and cytology. Journal canadien de genetique et de cytologie, Volume: 25, Issue: 2
1983
Effect of age and route of administration on LD50 of lithium chloride in the rat.
Acta pharmacologica et toxicologica, Volume: 47, Issue: 5
1980
Role of dopamine in manganese neurotoxicity.
Brain research, Nov-15, Volume: 473, Issue: 2
1988
Lack of effectiveness of forskolin or inositol as antidote in lithium toxicity. Short note.
Journal of neural transmission, Volume: 72, Issue: 2
1988
Lithium chloride potentiates tumor necrosis factor-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Volume: 86, Issue: 23
1989
Food aversion learning: ability of lambs to distinguish safe from harmful foods.
Journal of animal science, Volume: 67, Issue: 7
1989
TNF-mediated IL6 gene expression and cytotoxicity are co-inducible in TNF-resistant L929 cells.
FEBS letters, May-18, Volume: 302, Issue: 3
1992
Effective modulation of the haematopoietic toxicity associated with zidovudine exposure to murine and human haematopoietic progenitor stem cells in vitro with lithium chloride.
Journal of internal medicine, Volume: 231, Issue: 3
1992
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Long-term Use (48)

ArticleYear
Chloroquine attenuates lithium-induced NDI and proliferation of renal collecting duct cells.
American journal of physiology. Renal physiology, 05-01, Volume: 318, Issue: 5
2020
Mice heterozygous for cathepsin D deficiency exhibit mania-related behavior and stress-induced depression.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, Dec-03, Volume: 63
2015
Effects of lithium and aripiprazole on brain stimulation reward and neuroplasticity markers in the limbic forebrain.
European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Volume: 24, Issue: 4
2014
Uptake of lithium into rat brain after acute and chronic administration.
Neuroscience letters, Jul-11, Volume: 521, Issue: 1
2012
Pharmacological modulation of stress-induced behavioral changes in the light/dark exploration test in male C57BL/6J mice.
Neuropharmacology, Volume: 62, Issue: 1
2012
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β in the nucleus accumbens core is critical for methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization.
Journal of neurochemistry, Volume: 118, Issue: 1
2011
Memantine reduces mania-like symptoms in animal models.
Psychiatry research, Aug-15, Volume: 188, Issue: 3
2011
A role for nitrergic system in the antidepressant-like effects of chronic lithium treatment in the mouse forced swimming test.
Behavioural brain research, Jun-08, Volume: 200, Issue: 1
2009
Elevated glycogen synthase kinase-3 activity in Fragile X mice: key metabolic regulator with evidence for treatment potential.
Neuropharmacology, Volume: 56, Issue: 2
2009
Preconditioning with acute and chronic lithium administration reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury mediated by cyclooxygenase not nitric oxide synthase pathway in isolated rat heart.
European journal of pharmacology, Nov-12, Volume: 597, Issue: 1-3
2008
Effect of lithium on swim stress-induced antinociception in naive mice and mice with subchronic administration of morphine or swim stress in formalin test.
Archives of Iranian medicine, Volume: 11, Issue: 2
2008
Protective effects of chronic lithium treatment against spatial memory retention deficits induced by the protein kinase AII inhibitor H-89 in rats.
Pharmacology, Volume: 80, Issue: 2-3
2007
The effect of lithium chloride on morphine-induced tolerance and dependence in isolated guinea pig ileum.
European journal of pharmacology, Sep-18, Volume: 545, Issue: 2-3
2006
Lithium effectively complements vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist in the treatment of hyponatraemia of SIADH rats.
Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, Volume: 22, Issue: 1
2007
Lithium inhibits the modulatory effects of morphine on susceptibility to pentylenetetrazole-induced clonic seizure in mice: involvement of a nitric oxide pathway.
Brain research, Dec-10, Volume: 1029, Issue: 1
2004
Regulation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta phosphorylation by sodium valproate and lithium.
Neuropharmacology, Volume: 43, Issue: 7
2002
Lithium chloride at a therapeutic concentration reduces Ca2+ response in protein kinase C down-regulated human astrocytoma cells.
European journal of pharmacology, May-03, Volume: 442, Issue: 1-2
2002
Chronic lithium treatment increases the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the rat brain.
Psychopharmacology, Volume: 158, Issue: 1
2001
Chronic lithium chloride injection increases glucocorticoid receptor but not mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression in rat brain.
Neuroscience research, Volume: 38, Issue: 3
2000
Chronic treatment of human astrocytoma cells with lithium, carbamazepine or valproic acid decreases inositol uptake at high inositol concentrations but increases it at low inositol concentrations.
Brain research, Feb-07, Volume: 855, Issue: 1
2000
Lithium activates the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases in vitro and in the CNS in vivo.
Journal of neurochemistry, Volume: 73, Issue: 6
1999
The effects of long-term administration of rubidium or lithium on reactivity to stress and on dopamine output in the nucleus accumbens in rats.
Brain research, May-01, Volume: 826, Issue: 2
1999
Lithium stimulates gene expression through the AP-1 transcription factor pathway.
Brain research. Molecular brain research, Jul-15, Volume: 58, Issue: 1-2
1998
Lithium modulation of phosphoinositide signaling system in rat cortex: selective effect on phorbol ester binding.
Journal of neurochemistry, Volume: 61, Issue: 5
1993
Effect of chronic lithium chloride on membrane adenosine triphosphatases in certain postural muscles of rats.
European journal of pharmacology, Jun-23, Volume: 259, Issue: 1
1994
Chronic administration of lithium chloride increases immunodetectable glial fibrillary acidic protein in the rat hippocampus.
Journal of neurochemistry, Volume: 63, Issue: 4
1994
Decreased number of benzodiazepine receptors in frontal cortex of rat brain following long-term lithium treatment.
Journal of neurochemistry, Volume: 41, Issue: 1
1983
Effect of lithium upon desipramine enhanced shock-elicited fighting in rats.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, Volume: 17, Issue: 2
1982
Effect of serotonin depletion induced by p-chloroamphetamine on changes in rats' activity levels-produced by lithium.
Neuropsychobiology, Volume: 8, Issue: 3
1982
[Effect of chronic administration of lithium chloride on the development of dopamine receptor sensitivity during morphine withdrawal in rats].
Biulleten' eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny, Volume: 92, Issue: 11
1981
Evidence that lithium alters phosphoinositide metabolism: chronic administration elevates primarily D-myo-inositol-1-phosphate in cerebral cortex of the rat.
Journal of neurochemistry, Volume: 36, Issue: 6
1981
Using profiles of saccharin and water drinking to detect and discriminate actions of drugs and toxicants.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, Volume: 13, Issue: 4
1980
Chronic administration of lithium modulates tryptophan transport by changing the properties of the synaptosomal plasma membrane.
Life sciences, Aug-03, Volume: 41, Issue: 5
1987
Comparing oral lithium carbonate and intraperitoneal lithium chloride chronic administrations on rats' activity levels.
Neuropsychobiology, Volume: 16, Issue: 2-3
1986
Lithium effects on adjunctive alcohol consumption. II: Effects of adding concurrent shock.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, Volume: 25, Issue: 6
1986
Lithium effects on adjunctive alcohol consumption. I: Comparison with adjunctive water consumption.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, Volume: 25, Issue: 6
1986
Effects of lithium and rubidium on shock-induced changes in open-field activity.
Psychopharmacology, Volume: 88, Issue: 2
1986
Lithium effects on position learning with exploratory and aversive goal-box conditions.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, Volume: 22, Issue: 5
1985
Lithium increases dynorphin A(1-8) and prodynorphin mRNA levels in the basal ganglia of rats.
Brain research, Volume: 427, Issue: 2
1988
Lithium: evidence for reduction in circulating testosterone levels in mice following chronic administration.
Life sciences, Volume: 43, Issue: 19
1988
Change of synaptic membrane lipid composition and fluidity by chronic administration of lithium.
Biochimica et biophysica acta, Apr-22, Volume: 939, Issue: 3
1988
Status epilepticus is produced by administration of cholinergic agonists to lithium-treated rats: comparison with kainic acid.
Experimental neurology, Volume: 98, Issue: 3
1987
[Dependence of the effects of tripeptide MIF and lithium chloride on the degree of supersensitivity of dopamine receptors of the brain].
Biulleten' eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny, Volume: 108, Issue: 8
1989
Determination of monoamines in rat brain regions after chronic administration of lithium.
Neurochemical research, Volume: 14, Issue: 9
1989
Long-term lithium treatment does not suppress hibernation in European hamsters.
Neuropsychobiology, Volume: 23, Issue: 1
1990
Cellular mechanism of lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in rats.
The American journal of physiology, Volume: 261, Issue: 3 Pt 2
1991
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Pharmacokinetics (17)

ArticleYear
Pharmacokinetics of intravenous lithium chloride and assessment of agreement between two methods of lithium concentration measurement in the horse.
Equine veterinary journal, Volume: 50, Issue: 4
2018
Decreased right hippocampal volumes and neuroprogression markers in adolescents with bipolar disorder.
Neuropsychobiology, Volume: 71, Issue: 3
2015
Optimizations of packed sorbent and inlet temperature for large volume-direct aqueous injection-gas chromatography to determine high boiling volatile organic compounds in water.
Journal of chromatography. A, Aug-22, Volume: 1356
2014
Hippocampal volumes in bipolar disorders: opposing effects of illness burden and lithium treatment.
Bipolar disorders, Volume: 14, Issue: 3
2012
Lithium-induced gray matter volume increase as a neural correlate of treatment response in bipolar disorder: a longitudinal brain imaging study.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Volume: 35, Issue: 8
2010
Thalamic volumes in patients with bipolar disorder.
European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, Volume: 260, Issue: 8
2010
Status epilepticus in 12-day-old rats leads to temporal lobe neurodegeneration and volume reduction: a histologic and MRI study.
Epilepsia, Volume: 47, Issue: 3
2006
Pharmacokinetics of lithium in rat brain regions by spectroscopic imaging.
Magnetic resonance imaging, Volume: 23, Issue: 8
2005
Increased gray matter volume in lithium-treated bipolar disorder patients.
Neuroscience letters, Aug-30, Volume: 329, Issue: 2
2002
Pharmacokinetics and toxic effects of lithium chloride after intravenous adminstration in conscious horses.
American journal of veterinary research, Volume: 62, Issue: 9
2001
Effects of icatibant on the ramipril-induced decreased in renal lithium clearance in the rat.
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, Volume: 363, Issue: 3
2001
Effects of lithium on the pharmacokinetics of valproate in rats.
The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, Volume: 52, Issue: 3
2000
A comparison between endogenous and exogenous lithium clearance in the anaesthetized rat.
Acta physiologica Scandinavica, Volume: 151, Issue: 2
1994
The pharmacokinetic profile of lithium in rat and mouse; an important factor in psychopharmacological investigation of the drug.
Neuropharmacology, Volume: 25, Issue: 11
1986
Pharmacokinetics of lithium in the dog.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, Volume: 9, Issue: 1
1986
Inter-organ relation between salivary gland and kidney in lithium excretion. II. Salivary, renal and systemic clearances of lithium under continuous stimulation of salivation in water loaded dogs.
Journal of pharmacobio-dynamics, Volume: 12, Issue: 9
1989
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioavailability (3)

ArticleYear
Effect of acetazolamide on lithium reabsorption and lithium-induced GSK3β phosphorylation in rat kidney.
Die Pharmazie, 10-01, Volume: 74, Issue: 10
2019
A comparison between endogenous and exogenous lithium clearance in the anaesthetized rat.
Acta physiologica Scandinavica, Volume: 151, Issue: 2
1994
Pharmacokinetics of lithium in the dog.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, Volume: 9, Issue: 1
1986
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Dosage (86)

ArticleYear
Effect of lithium chloride on d-galactose induced organs injury: Possible antioxidative role.
Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Volume: 33, Issue: 4(Suppleme
2020
Neuroprotective Effect of Intravitreal Single-Dose Lithium Chloride after Optic Nerve Injury in Rats.
Current eye research, Volume: 46, Issue: 4
2021
Potent Inhibition of Biphasic Tubular Reabsorption of Lithium by Acetazolamide and Foscarnet in Rats.
Physiological research, 08-31, Volume: 69, Issue: 4
2020
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor is indispensable for β-naphthoflavone-induced novel food avoidance and may be involved in LiCl-triggered conditioned taste aversion in rats.
Physiology & behavior, 05-15, Volume: 204
2019
Lithium Clinics in Berlin and Dresden: a 50-Year Experience.
Pharmacopsychiatry, Volume: 51, Issue: 5
2018
Status epilepticus: Role for etiology in determining response to benzodiazepines.
Annals of neurology, Volume: 83, Issue: 4
2018
[Acute lithium poisoning: epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and treatment].
Emergencias : revista de la Sociedad Espanola de Medicina de Emergencias, Volume: 29, Issue: 1
2017
Six2 Is a Coordinator of LiCl-Induced Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis.
International journal of molecular sciences, Sep-08, Volume: 17, Issue: 9
2016
A sub-threshold dose of pilocarpine increases glutamine synthetase in reactive astrocytes and enhances the progression of amygdaloid-kindling epilepsy in rats.
Neuroreport, Mar-02, Volume: 27, Issue: 4
2016
Hit Optimization of 5-Substituted-N-(piperidin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamides: Potent Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) Inhibitors with in Vivo Activity in Model of Mood Disorders.
Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-25, Volume: 58, Issue: 22
2015
Effect of daily lithium chloride administration on bone mass and strength in growing broiler chickens.
Poultry science, Volume: 94, Issue: 2
2015
Kinetics of lithium as a lithium chloride dose suitable for conditioned taste aversion in lactating goats and dry sheep.
Journal of animal science, Volume: 93, Issue: 2
2015
Differential roles of α6β2* and α4β2* neuronal nicotinic receptors in nicotine- and cocaine-conditioned reward in mice.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Volume: 40, Issue: 2
2015
Temporal association as a prerequisite factor of valsartan-induced lithium toxicity.
Bipolar disorders, Volume: 16, Issue: 6
2014
Conditioned taste aversion as instrumental punishment.
Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes, Volume: 39, Issue: 3
2013
The association of the effect of lithium in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder with lithium plasma levels: a post hoc analysis of a double-blind study comparing switching to lithium or placebo in patients who responded to quetiapine (Trial 144)
Bipolar disorders, Volume: 15, Issue: 1
2013
Quantification of sewer leakage by a continuous tracer method.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, Volume: 64, Issue: 1
2011
The lithiumeter: a measured approach.
Bipolar disorders, Volume: 13, Issue: 3
2011
Suppression of Plasmodium berghei parasitemia by LiCl in an animal infection model.
Tropical biomedicine, Volume: 27, Issue: 3
2010
A preclinical and clinical study of lithium in low-grade neuroendocrine tumors.
The oncologist, Volume: 16, Issue: 4
2011
A comparison between taste avoidance and conditioned disgust reactions induced by ethanol and lithium chloride in preweanling rats.
Developmental psychobiology, Volume: 52, Issue: 6
2010
Effects of methamphetamine on sexual performance and compulsive sex behavior in male rats.
Psychopharmacology, Volume: 212, Issue: 1
2010
Lithium ions: a novel treatment for pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas.
Surgery, Volume: 141, Issue: 2
2007
Pharmacokinetics of lithium in rat brain regions by spectroscopic imaging.
Magnetic resonance imaging, Volume: 23, Issue: 8
2005
Outcome of status epilepticus in immature rats varies according to the paraldehyde treatment.
Epilepsia, Volume: 46 Suppl 5
2005
Dose response effects of lithium chloride on conditioned place aversions and locomotor activity in rats.
European journal of pharmacology, May-16, Volume: 515, Issue: 1-3
2005
Lamotrigine use in geriatric patients with bipolar depression.
Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, Volume: 47, Issue: 8
2002
How long should the lithium augmentation strategy be maintained? A 1-year follow-up of a placebo-controlled study in unipolar refractory major depression.
Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, Volume: 22, Issue: 4
2002
LiCl attenuates M(1)AChR-mediated intrathecal pilocarpine-induced reciprocal hindlimb scratching in mice.
Pharmacology, Volume: 65, Issue: 4
2002
Conditioning taste aversions to locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) in horses.
Journal of animal science, Volume: 80, Issue: 1
2002
Postnatal anoxia from CO2 for one minute produces sex-specific changes in contextual fear conditioning in adult rats.
Perceptual and motor skills, Volume: 93, Issue: 3
2001
The cholecystokinin analogues JMV-180 and CCK-8 stimulate phospholipase C through the same binding site of CCK(A) receptor in rat pancreatic acini.
British journal of pharmacology, Volume: 133, Issue: 8
2001
Changes in quantitatively assessed tremor during treatment of major depression with lithium augmented by paroxetine or amitriptyline.
Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, Volume: 21, Issue: 2
2001
Multiple cellular processes affected by the absence of the Rpb4 subunit of RNA polymerase II contribute to the deficiency in the stress response of the yeast rpb4(delta) mutant.
Molecular & general genetics : MGG, Volume: 264, Issue: 6
2001
Excitation evoked by FMRFamide and FLRFamide in the heart of Buccinum undatum and evidence for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate as an RF-tetrapeptide second messenger.
Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology, Volume: 170, Issue: 5-6
2000
Nordidemnin potently inhibits inositol uptake in cultured astrocytes and dose-dependently augments lithium's proconvulsant effect in vivo.
Journal of neuroscience research, Apr-01, Volume: 60, Issue: 1
2000
The effects of long-term administration of rubidium or lithium on reactivity to stress and on dopamine output in the nucleus accumbens in rats.
Brain research, May-01, Volume: 826, Issue: 2
1999
Lithium-induced alterations in the testis of the male roseringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri) : evidence for significant structural changes and disruption in the spermatogenetic activity.
Endocrine research, Volume: 25, Issue: 1
1999
The effects of candesartan on human AT1 receptor-expressing Chinese hamster ovary cells.
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, Volume: 10 Suppl 11
1999
Use of sodium polystyrene sulfonate for reduction of plasma lithium concentrations after chronic lithium dosing in mice.
Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology, Volume: 36, Issue: 4
1998
Conditioned taste aversion and c-fos expression in the rat brainstem after administration of various USs.
Neuroreport, Jul-07, Volume: 8, Issue: 9-10
1997
Renal side-effects of long-term lithium treatment.
Journal of affective disorders, Volume: 43, Issue: 1
1997
LiCl-induced malformations of the eyes and the rostral CNS in Xenopus laevis.
Journal fur Hirnforschung, Volume: 38, Issue: 1
1997
Blockade of lithium chloride-induced conditioned place aversion as a test for antiemetic agents: comparison of metoclopramide with combined extracts of Zingiber officinale and Ginkgo biloba.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, Volume: 52, Issue: 2
1995
Salt tolerance and methionine biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involve a putative phosphatase gene.
The EMBO journal, Volume: 12, Issue: 8
1993
Influence of cattle age, lithium chloride dose level, and food type in the retention of food aversions.
Journal of animal science, Volume: 71, Issue: 2
1993
Cellular mechanisms mediating the stimulation of ovine endometrial secretion of prostaglandin F2 alpha in response to oxytocin: role of phospholipase C and diacylglycerol.
The Journal of endocrinology, Volume: 141, Issue: 3
1994
Cognition-activating properties of 3-(Aryloxy)pyridines.
Journal of medicinal chemistry, Volume: 24, Issue: 3
1981
Amnesia-reversal activity of a series of N-[(disubstituted-amino)alkyl] -2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamides, including pramiracetam.
Journal of medicinal chemistry, Volume: 27, Issue: 5
1984
Relationship between inositol polyphosphate production and the increase of cytosolic free Ca2+ induced by vasopressin in isolated hepatocytes.
The Journal of biological chemistry, May-10, Volume: 259, Issue: 9
1984
Growth effect of lithium on mouse mammary epithelial cells in serum-free collagen gel culture.
Journal of cellular physiology, Volume: 117, Issue: 3
1983
Use of pharmacological challenges to disclose neurobehavioral deficits.
Federation proceedings, Volume: 42, Issue: 15
1983
Lithium-induced changes in the plasma and pituitary levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and prolactin in rats.
Life sciences, Oct-17, Volume: 33, Issue: 16
1983
Chlorpromazine and lithium interaction: a biochemical and histological study.
Brain research bulletin, Volume: 11, Issue: 2
1983
Effect of alkali metals on chlorpromazine toxicity in the mouse.
Brain research bulletin, Volume: 11, Issue: 2
1983
Behavioral, metabolic and histological aspects of lithium and ethanol interaction.
Drug and chemical toxicology, Volume: 6, Issue: 4
1983
Lithium chloride-induced taste aversion in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice.
The Journal of general psychology, Volume: 106, Issue: 2d Half
1982
The effect of lithium chloride on renal structure and sodium-potassium-adenosine triphosphatase activity in dogs.
Veterinary pathology, Volume: 19, Issue: 1
1982
[Morphofunctional changes in the thyroid glands of rats following lithium chloride administration].
Biulleten' eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny, Volume: 91, Issue: 6
1981
[Mechanisms of the central action of lithium].
Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952), Volume: 81, Issue: 4
1981
Norepinephrine and thyroid-stimulating hormone induce inositol phosphate accumulation in FRTL-5 cells.
Endocrinology, Volume: 119, Issue: 5
1986
Control by cations of opioid binding in guinea pig brain membranes.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Volume: 83, Issue: 16
1986
Sham feeding, flavor associations and diet self-selection as indicators of feeding satiety or aversive effects of peptide hormones.
Brain research bulletin, Volume: 14, Issue: 6
1985
Patterns of increased and decreased ingestive behavior after injections of lithium chloride and 2-deoxy-D-glucose.
Physiology & behavior, Volume: 43, Issue: 6
1988
Site-dependent effects of ions on mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid binding in suspensions of guinea-pig brain membranes.
NIDA research monograph, Volume: 75
1986
Effects of anterior basolateral amygdala lesions on taste aversions produced by high and low oral doses of LiCl and lactose in the rat.
Behavioural brain research, Volume: 25, Issue: 2
1987
Lithium chloride SCN injection alters the circadian rhythm of food intake.
Chronobiology international, Volume: 6, Issue: 2
1989
Conditioned taste aversion to injected flavor: differential effect of anesthesia on the formation of the gustatory trace and on its association with poisoning in rats.
Neuroscience letters, Apr-10, Volume: 98, Issue: 3
1989
Lithium suppresses ovariectomy-induced surges in plasma gonadotropins in rats.
Life sciences, Volume: 44, Issue: 19
1989
In vitro effect of lithium on carbamazepine-induced inhibition of murine and human bone marrow-derived granulocyte-macrophage, erythroid, and megakaryocyte progenitor stem cells.
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.), Volume: 190, Issue: 1
1989
Subacute and chronic in vivo lithium treatment inhibits agonist- and sodium fluoride-stimulated inositol phosphate production in rat cortex.
Journal of neurochemistry, Volume: 52, Issue: 2
1989
Plasma lithium as a marker of lithium chloride in wild Norway rats (R. norvegicus).
Physiology & behavior, Volume: 47, Issue: 5
1990
Characterization of a dose-response curve for nicotine-induced conditioned taste aversion in rats: relationship to elevation of plasma beta-endorphin concentration.
Behavioral and neural biology, Volume: 53, Issue: 3
1990
Influence of repeated administration of lithium on urinary excretion of prostaglandins in rats.
Japanese journal of pharmacology, Volume: 57, Issue: 4
1991
Influence of chronic lithium treatment on urinary amount of furosemide in rats.
Japanese journal of pharmacology, Volume: 56, Issue: 4
1991
Induction of neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells by an inhibitor of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase, bafilomycin A1.
FEBS letters, Dec-02, Volume: 294, Issue: 1-2
1991
Cholinergic rebound after chlorpromazine exacerbates lithium muscarinic-induced limbic seizures in rats: implications for psychiatric treatment.
Psychological reports, Volume: 69, Issue: 1
1991
Opioid efficacy is linked to the LiCl-sensitive, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-restorable pathway.
European journal of pharmacology, Jul-07, Volume: 217, Issue: 2-3
1992
Influences of cholecystokinin octapeptide on phosphoinositide turnover in neonatal-rat brain cells.
The Biochemical journal, Aug-01, Volume: 285 ( Pt 3)
1992
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Interactions (8)

ArticleYear
Neuroprotective effects of vitamin D alone or in combination with lamotrigine against lithium-pilocarpine model of status epilepticus in rats.
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, Volume: 390, Issue: 10
2017
[Therapeutic effect of lithium chloride combined with cyclosporine A on mouse model with aplastic anemia].
Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi, Volume: 20, Issue: 3
2012
[Lithium chloride combined with human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for treatment of spinal cord injury in rats].
Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University, Volume: 30, Issue: 11
2010
Antiepileptic drugs combined with high-frequency electrical stimulation in the ventral hippocampus modify pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats.
Epilepsia, Volume: 51, Issue: 3
2010
Low-dose lithium combined with captopril prevents stroke and improves survival in salt-loaded, stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Journal of hypertension, Volume: 23, Issue: 12
2005
Tolerability and efficacy of clozapine combined with lithium in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.
Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, Volume: 23, Issue: 3
2003
Methodological issues in drug-drug conditioning in rats: nonassociative factors in heart rate and avfail.
Behavioral neuroscience, Volume: 105, Issue: 6
1991
Drug-drug heart rate conditioning in rats: effective USs when pentobarbital is the CS.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, Volume: 42, Issue: 4
1992
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Natural Sources (1)

ArticleYear
Direct Keap1-Nrf2 disruption as a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.
PLoS genetics, Volume: 13, Issue: 3
2017
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]