A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.
| Excerpt | Reference |
|---|
| "Cough is a powerful physiological reflex mechanism that causes central airways to be cleared of foreign material and excess secretions." | ( Im Hof, V, 1992) |
| "Dry cough is one of the most common side-effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors." | ( Müller, B; Müller, M; Overlack, A; Scheid, ML; Schmidt, L; Stumpe, KO, 1992) |
| "Cough is a common respiratory symptom, the mechanism of which is poorly understood." | ( Choudry, NB; Fuller, RW; Lavender, EA; McEwan, JR; Williams, AJ, 1991) |
| "Cough is a recognised side effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors although its exact mechanism is still unknown." | ( Goh, TC; Ong, YY, 1991) |
| "Cough is frequently the presenting symptom of bronchial asthma, although cough can result from a wide variety of other respiratory disease." | ( Adamson, DL; Choudry, NB; Fuller, RW; Smith, CA, 1991) |
| "Cough is one of the possible untoward adverse drug effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors." | ( Avila, P; Capellà, D; Laporte, JR; Moreno, V; Torres, F, 1991) |
| "Cough is a distressing and disabling symptom in cancer patients." | ( Hagen, NA, 1991) |
| "The inhibition of cough is probably mediated indirectly via the inhibition of medullary respiratory neurons." | ( Nagyova, B; Tatar, M; Widdicombe, JG, 1991) |
| "We conclude that cough is associated with the use of ACE inhibitors in patients with underlying bronchial hyperreactivity." | ( Casanova, JE; Kaufman, J; Riendl, P; Schlueter, DP, 1989) |
| "Cough is a symptom that is generally not recognized as a drug side effect." | ( Hume, AL; Lauerman, SE; Murphy, JL, 1989) |
| "Persistent dry cough is not a known adverse reaction of captopril and enalapril." | ( Gueron, M; Katz, A; Krauss, A; Krauss, S; Ovsyscher, I, 1989) |
| "We conclude that cough is not uncommon during treatment with ACE inhibitors." | ( Gilchrist, NL; Hood, S; Nicholls, MG, 1987) |
| "Chronic cough is a fairly common pediatric complaint." | ( Canny, GJ; Levison, H; Reisman, JJ, 1988) |
| "Cough is frequently a symptom in bronchial asthma." | ( Pounsford, J, 1987) |
| "Cough is a complex physiologic reflex which protects the lung from the inhalation of irritants and cleans the airways of excess secretions of solid particles." | ( Leuenberger, P, 1988) |
| "Cough is a common symptom in the smoking and non-smoking patient seeking medical attention from the office-based physician." | ( Braman, SS; Corrao, WM, 1985) |
| "Cough is among the most effective clearance mechanisms of the lung." | ( Götz, M; Popow, C, 1980) |
| "Cough is due to activation of sensory receptors in the larynx and lower respiratory tract, sending impulses to the brainstem." | ( Widdicombe, JG, 1995) |
| "Chronic cough is a common symptom in many different disease processes." | ( Carpenter, GB; Hatch, RT; Smith, LJ, 1993) |
| "Cough is a frequent side-effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors." | ( Benson, MK; Hargreaves, MR, 1995) |
| "The cough is considered to be a class-related adverse effect with cross-reactions between ACE inhibitors routinely reported." | ( Evans, BL; Pylypchuk, GB; Sharif, MN, 1994) |
| "Frequency of cough is variable and although this complication has been described as a class effect, patients with a persistent, severe ACE inhibitor-induced cough may benefit from a trial of fosinopril therapy." | ( Evans, BL; Pylypchuk, GB; Sharif, MN, 1994) |
| "Cough is known to be the major respiratory side effect of treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)." | ( Antonini, MT; Bonnaud, F; Gaillard, S; Germouty, J; Melloni, B; Touraine, F; Vergnenègre, A, 1994) |
| "Cough is a prominent symptom of pulmonary disease, but the effects of GABAB agonists on this airway reflex are unknown." | ( Aziz, SM; Bolser, DC; Chapman, RW; DeGennaro, FC; Egan, RW; Kreutner, W; Siegel, MI, 1993) |
| "Dry cough is the most common and annoying, although harmless, side effect associated with the use of ACE inhibitors." | ( Karlberg, BE, 1993) |
| "ACE inhibitor cough is likely to be related to non-specific kininase II inhibition." | ( Ramsay, LE; Yeo, WW, 1995) |
| "Cough is a primitive reflex typically consisting of an initiating deep inspiration, glottal closure, and an explosive expiration accompanied by a sound." | ( Piirilä, P; Sovijärvi, AR, 1995) |
| "Sustained cough is a frequent complaint in methotrexate (MTX) treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and can be a symptom of incipient MTX-induced pneumonitis." | ( Barth, J; Bauerfeind, S; Dalhoff, K; Gross, WL; Schnabel, A, 1996) |
| "Cough is a major symptom in some children with asthma." | ( Chang, AB; Phelan, PD; Robertson, CF, 1997) |
| "Chronic cough is a multifactorial condition, which, like asthma, can be associated with eosinophilic airway inflammation." | ( Gibson, PG; Saltos, N; Scott, J; Sewell, W; Woolley, K; Zlatic, K, 1998) |
| "Cough is a common presenting symptom of interstitial lung disease (ILD)." | ( Barnes, PJ; Chung, KF; DuBois, R; Lalloo, UG; Lim, S, 1998) |
| "Chronic cough is a distressing symptom experienced by approximately 37% of patients with advanced cancer." | ( Doona, M; Walsh, D, 1998) |
| "Nonproductive cough is a frequent and distressing symptom in patients with lung cancer, and it is not even relieved by palliative chemotherapy." | ( Barni, S; Daffonchio, L; Luporini, G; Marchi, E, 1998) |
| "We conclude that 1) cough is frequent during emergence; 2) smoking does not affect emergence cough; 3) albuterol treatment does not affect emergence cough; and 4) patients are unlikely to cough at end-tidal values of isoflurane >0." | ( Bishop, MJ; Kim, ES, 1998) |
| "Cough is one of the most frequent side effects associated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) but is not thought to be associated with losartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARA)." | ( Mackay, FJ; Mann, RD; Pearce, GL, 1999) |
| "Cough is an important symptom of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." | ( Morice, AH; Wong, CH, 1999) |
| "Dry cough is a troublesome side-effect associated with certain antihypertensive agents that act by modulating aspects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system." | ( Lacourciére, Y, 1999) |
| "Persistent dry cough is a common presenting symptom which may be associated with considerable morbidity." | ( MacRedmond, R; O'Connell, F, 1999) |
| "Cough is a reflex phenomenon occurring when sensitive receptors located in the larynx and upper airways are activated." | ( Manier, G; Moinard, J, 2000) |
| "Chronic cough is associated with an increased sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin in a number of conditions but there are no data for patients with more severe asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." | ( Calverley, PM; Doherty, MJ; Mister, R; Pearson, MG, 2000) |
| "A dry bothersome cough is the most common adverse class effect of all angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors." | ( Fisman, EZ; Grossman, E; Motro, M; Nosrati, I; Shemesh, J; Tenenbaum, A, 2000) |
| "Cough is a common and troublesome symptom in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) but the mechanisms responsible are not known." | ( Calverley, PM; Doherty, MJ; Mister, R; Pearson, MG, 2000) |
| "Persistent dry cough is an occasional but clinically important adverse reaction to angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (ACEI)." | ( Furuya, K; Kawakami, Y; Takahashi, T; Yamaguchi, E, 2001) |
| "Persistent dry cough is well known as the most common side-effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors." | ( Echizen, H; Fukatsu, T; Hashiguchi, M; Itoh, T; Kariya, S; Nishimura, E; Odanaka, J; Ohtani, M; Okumura, H; Rikihisa, T; Takahashi, T; Uchino, K; Watanabe, K, 2001) |
| "Cough is an important side effect of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) therapy." | ( Agarwal, A; Anuradha, S; Rizvi, SN; Singh, NP; Uppal, M, 1998) |
| "Dry cough is the most common limiting factor of ACE inhibitor (ACEI) use." | ( Hong, KP; Kim, DK; Lee, SC; Lee, SH; Park, SW, 2001) |
| "A dry bothersome cough is the most common adverse class effect of all angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I)." | ( Fisman, EZ; Motro, M; Pines, A; Shapira, I; Tenenbaum, A, 2001) |
| "Cough is a defense mechanism that prevents the entry of noxious materials into the respiratory system and clears foreign materials and excess secretions from the lungs and respiratory tract." | ( Homsi, J; Nelson, KA; Walsh, D, 2001) |
| "Prolonged cough is a common problem in patients seen in general practice." | ( Haahtela, T; Kiviniemi, P; Kohonen-Jalonen, P; Metso, T; Petäys, T; Rytilä, P; Sohlman, A; Työlahti, H, 2002) |
| "Cough is an important defensive reflex of the upper airway and is also a very common symptom of respiratory disease." | ( Chung, KF, 2002) |
| "Cough is initiated by activation of afferent nerve fibers with rapidly adapting receptors (RAR) that conduct action potentials in the Adelta range." | ( Carr, MJ; Kollarik, M; Undem, BJ, 2002) |
| "Cough is an important defensive pulmonary reflex that removes irritants, fluids or foreign materials from the airways." | ( Bolser, DC; Egan, RW; Hey, JA; Jia, Y; McLeod, RL; Mutter, JC; Parra, LE; Tulshian, DB; Wang, X, 2002) |
| "Cough is normally referred to a reflex mediated by control centres in the respiratory areas of the brainstem." | ( Cotterill-Jones, C; Eccles, R; Lee, PC, 2002) |
| "Cough is an important defensive reflex of the upper airway and is also a very common symptom of respiratory disease." | ( Chang, AB; Chung, KF, 2002) |
| "Angioedema and cough are known side effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors." | ( Abdi, R; Dong, VM; Lee, CJ; Ntoso, KA, 2002) |
| "As the incidence of cough is much lower with the AT-1 receptor antagonists, these can be substituted for ACE inhibitors in patients with hypertension or heart failure who have persistent cough." | ( Doggrell, SA, 2002) |
| "Cough is an important defensive reflex of the airway and a common symptom of respiratory disease." | ( Chung, KF, 2003) |
| "Cough is a complex defensive reflex whose purpose is protection of the respiratory tract." | ( FURLONG, JJ, 1954) |
| "The number of coughs is shown to be linearly related to log dose of antibody within a limited range and a dose-response curve is presented." | ( FLATAKER, L; WINTER, CA, 1955) |
| "Non-specific cough is defined as non-productive cough in the absence of identifiable respiratory disease or known aetiology." | ( Chang, A; Marchant, JM; McKean, M; Morris, P, 2004) |
| "Chronic cough is the only symptom of eosinophilic bronchitis (EB)." | ( Fukui, S; Kagaya, M; Sano, MA; Sasaki, M; Satake, M; Shioya, T; Watanabe, A, 2004) |
| "Cough is an indispensable defensive reflex." | ( Mackenzie, AJ; Page, CP; Reynolds, SM; Spina, D, 2004) |
| "Reflux-cough is a diagnosis based on demonstrating both gastro-oesophageal reflux and a positive response to anti-reflux therapy." | ( Heaney, LG; Johnston, BT; MacMahon, J; McGarvey, LP; Patterson, RN, 2004) |
| "Cough is the most important defence reflex of the airways." | ( Franova, S; Nosalova, G, 2004) |
| "Cough is a common and protective reflex, but persistent coughing is debilitating and impairs quality of life." | ( Barnes, PJ; Belvisi, MG; Birrell, MA; Crispino, N; Korbonits, D; Korbonits, M; Patel, HJ; Usmani, OS, 2005) |
| "Cough is associated with plasticity of putative cough afferent fibres, but whether plasticity in the brainstem network contributes is less well understood." | ( Bonham, AC; Joad, JP; Sekizawa, SI, 2004) |
| "Cough is among the most common complaints for which patients seek medical attention." | ( Dicpinigaitis, PV, 2004) |
| "Cough is an important defensive reflex of the airway and also a common symptom of respiratory disease." | ( Chung, KF, 2005) |
| "Cough is an essential protective mechanism for the airways and lungs." | ( Chung, KF, 2005) |
| "Chronic cough is often attributed to reflux, postnasal drip, or asthma." | ( Lee, B; Woo, P, 2005) |
| "Chronic cough is a common condition that has a significant impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL)." | ( Ekici, A; Ekici, M; Kalpaklioglu, AF; Kara, T; Kocyigit, P; Kurtipek, E, 2005) |
| "Non-specific cough is defined as non-productive cough in the absence of identifiable respiratory disease or known aetiology." | ( Chang, AB; Halstead, RA; Petsky, HL, 2005) |
| "Dry cough is a common side-effect of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and is a major limiting factor of their use." | ( Bastani, B; Jabbari, M; Javanmardi, SZ; Jenabi, A; Mahmoudian, M; Mooraki, A; Zolfaghari, MI, 2005) |
| "Cough is a common and important symptom of asthma and allergic rhinitis." | ( Bartos, V; Brozmanová, M; Calkovský, V; Plank, L; Plevková, J; Tatár, M, 2006) |
| "Cough is the commonest symptom of clinical importance and the most frequent reason for new consultations with a doctor." | ( McGarvey, LP; Morice, AH, 2006) |
| "Cough is among the most common complaints for which medical evaluation is sought." | ( Dicpinigaitis, PV, 2006) |
| "Voluntary cough is characterised by sequential activation whereas reflex cough is associated with early and simultaneous activation of expiratory and accessory muscles." | ( Arunachalam, R; Kalra, L; Lasserson, D; Mills, K; Moxham, J; Polkey, M, 2006) |
| "Non-specific cough is defined as non-productive cough in the absence of identifiable respiratory disease or known aetiology." | ( Acworth, JP; Chang, AB; Winter, D, 2006) |
| "Cough is a normal protective mechanism which occurs many times every day." | ( Landau, LI, 2006) |
| "Chronic cough is associated with increased sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin, and both tachykinins and their receptors play important roles in the cough reflex." | ( Bahn, JW; Cho, SH; Kim, TB; Kim, YK; Kim, YY; Lee, JE; Min, KU; Oh, HB; Oh, SY; Park, HK; Park, T; Shin, ES, 2006) |
| "Cough is the most common complaint for which medical attention is sought, and chronic cough can be both physically and mentally debilitating." | ( Everett, CF; Jackson, J; Menon, MS; Morice, AH; Mulrennan, SA; Thompson, R; Wright, C, 2007) |
| "Chronic cough is a prevalent symptom in the community but it is likely that only a small fraction of chronic coughers seek medical attention." | ( Chung, KF, 2007) |
| "Cough is a very common clinical symptom and current therapies are largely ineffective, indicating a major unmet medial need." | ( Barnes, PJ, 2007) |
| "Cough is one of the most common reasons why patients visit physicians." | ( Bolser, DC; Davenport, PW, 2007) |
| "Cough is usually defined as a three-phase event, although for convenience clinicians may prefer to define it as only the expiratory expulsive efforts." | ( Fontana, GA; Widdicombe, J, 2007) |
| "The sign, cough, is often given more prominence than the symptom, urge to cough, but both are important to the patient (the former may be of more concern to nearby people)." | ( Banzett, RB; Gracely, RH; Undem, BJ, 2007) |
| "Centrally, cough is regulated at the level of the brainstem through integration of vagal afferent nerve input by relay neurones in the nucleus tractus solitarius (nTS)." | ( Canning, BJ, 2007) |
| "Chronic cough is defined as that which is persisting at least for trhee weeks without an evident cause." | ( García de Hombre, AM, 2007) |
| "Cough is the main airway defense mechanism but the effect of OSA on cough is unknown." | ( Bonay, M; Desmonts, JM; Guglielminotti, J; Mantz, J; Marmuse, JP; Montravers, P; Rackelboom, T; Tesniere, A; Vecchierini, MF, 2007) |
| "A reflex cough is often observed after an intravenous bolus of fentanyl." | ( Cherng, CH; Horng, HC; Hsiao, KN; Huh, BK; Kuo, CP; Wong, CS; Wu, CT, 2007) |
| "Cough is an important defensive reflex of the respiratory tract needed to clear and protect the upper airways; however, it may become exaggerated and interfere with quality of life." | ( Chung, KF, 2007) |
| "1." | ( Mazzone, SB; McGovern, AE, 2007) |
| "Cough is an important component of airway clearance, particularly in individuals with intrinsic pulmonary disease, weakness of respiratory muscles, or central nervous system disease that impairs breathing." | ( Homnick, DN, 2007) |
| "Cough is an airway defensive reflex consisting of an inspiratory phase followed by a forced expiratory effort initially against a closed glottis, followed by active glottal opening and rapid expiratory flow." | ( Fontana, GA, 2008) |
| "Chronic cough is a common symptom but only a fraction of patients seek medical attention." | ( Chung, KF, 2008) |
| "Cough is an important defensive pulmonary reflex that removes irritants, fluids, or foreign materials from the airways." | ( Anthes, JC; Correll, CC; Jia, Y; McLeod, RL, 2008) |
| "Cough is often distressing for patients with pneumonia." | ( Chang, AB; Chang, CC; Cheng, AC, 2007) |
| "The Urge-to-Cough is a component of the brain motivation system that mediates cognitive responses to cough stimuli." | ( Davenport, PW, 2008) |
| "Cough is an adverse event associated with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (AA inhibitor drugs." | ( Ahmadi, F; Dashti-Khavidaki, S; Faghihi, T; Khalili, H, 2008) |
| "Prolonged cough is a frequent problem in the community." | ( Degryse, J; Leconte, S; Paulus, D, 2008) |
| "Cough is a reflex action of the respiratory tract that is used to clear the upper airways." | ( Chung, KF; Pavord, ID, 2008) |
| "Cough is a common symptom in cancer." | ( Estfan, B; Walsh, D, 2008) |
| "Cough is one of the most common symptoms of asthma." | ( Kontra, KM; Koskela, HO; Purokivi, MK; Taivainen, AH; Tukiainen, HO, 2008) |
| "Prolonged cough is one of the troublesome symptoms commonly seen in daily practice." | ( Ishida, T; Ishii, T; Munakata, M; Saito, J; Sato, S; Sato, Y; Tanino, Y; Xintao, W, 2008) |
| ""Atopic cough" is a new clinical entity that presents with isolated chronic bronchodilator-resistant cough accepted in the Japanese Respiratory Society Guidelines for Management of Cough." | ( Fujimura, M; Ishiguro, T; Ishiura, Y; Myou, S; Nobata, K; Ogawa, H; Yamamoto, H, 2008) |
| "Chronic cough is common and distressing, especially against the background of life-threatening illness." | ( Wee, B, 2008) |
| "Cough is among the most common complaints for which patients seek medical attention." | ( Dicpinigaitis, PV, 2009) |
| "Cough is an indispensable defensive reflex." | ( Bertram, FK; McFadzean, I; Page, CP; Spina, D, 2009) |
| "Cough is the most common symptom for which individuals seek medical attention and spend health-care dollars." | ( Bonham, AC; Bric, J; Chen, CY; Joad, JP, 2009) |
| "Chronic cough is a common and frequently disruptive symptom which can be difficult to treat with currently available medicines." | ( McGarvey, L; Morice, AH, 2009) |
| "Cough is a common symptom that can be self-limiting or persistent." | ( Chung, KF, 2009) |
| "Cough is widely recognized as a key symptom in the diagnosis and the monitoring of asthma, but little is known about how best to assess cough in asthma." | ( Alam, U; Kelsall, AA; Marsden, PA; McGuinness, K; Naylor, JR; Owen, E; Smith, JA; Sumner, H; Webster, D; Woodcock, AA, 2008) |
| "The urge-to-cough is a respiratory sensation that precedes the cough motor response." | ( Bolser, DC; Davenport, PW; Duke, RK; Robertson, E; Vovk, A, 2009) |
| "Cough is a frequent symptom of cigarette smokers that often precedes the development of airflow obstruction." | ( Blanc, FX; Chung, KF; Hew, M; Macedo, P, 2009) |
| "Chronic cough is caused by a wide variety of disease conditions, including asthma, rhino-sinusitis and gastro-oesophageal reflux." | ( Kobayashi, M; Kubota, T; Taguchi, H; Uemura, Y, 2009) |
| "Significant cough is the most reliable antecedent of wheezing during an RTI." | ( Bacharier, LB; Camera, LJ; Chinchilli, VM; Paul, IM; Phillips, BR; Rivera-Spoljaric, K; Strunk, RC; Taussig, LM; Zeiger, RS, 2009) |
| "Chronic cough is common, and medical treatment can be ineffective." | ( Brammer, C; Brown, N; Calam, R; Johnson, C; Jones, S; Lowe, J; Owen, E; Smith, JA; Woodcock, A; Young, EC, 2009) |
| "Acute cough is among the most common symptoms for which patients seek medical attention." | ( Boujaoude, ZC; Pratter, MR, 2010) |
| "Cough is the most frequent reason for consultation with a family doctor, or with a general or respiratory physician." | ( Belvisi, MG; Birrell, MA; Faruqi, S; Freund-Michel, V; Grace, M; Hele, DJ; Maher, SA; Morice, AH; Sadofsky, L, 2009) |
| "Chronic dry cough is reported to occur in about 25% of patients following lung cancer surgery." | ( Akaboshi, T; Hata, E; Inagaki, T; Miyamoto, H; Miyasaka, Y; Oh, S; Sakao, Y; Sakuraba, M; Takahashi, N, 2009) |
| "Cough is a unique symptom because, unlike sneeze and other symptoms, it can be under voluntary control and this complicates clinical trials on cough medicines." | ( Eccles, R, 2010) |
| "Chronic cough is a common symptom-based diagnostic challenge for primary care physicians and respiratory specialists." | ( Lim, KG, 2010) |
| "To cough is a protective defence mechanism that is vital to remove foreign material and secretions from the airways and which in the normal state serves its function appropriately." | ( Belvisi, MG; Nasra, J, 2009) |
| "Cough is more difficult to induce in REM sleep compared to slow-wave sleep." | ( Birring, SS; Lee, KK, 2010) |
| "Fentanyl-induced cough is not an uncommon condition during the induction of general anesthesia." | ( Qian, Y; Tang, Q; Wang, Z; Yang, J; Zhang, Q, 2010) |
| "Chronic cough is a common symptom with significant morbidity." | ( Fahim, A; Morice, AH, 2009) |
| "Cough is a defense mechanism for promoting airway hygiene when mucociliary clearance is ineffective due to increased mucus secretion, inflammation, infection, or ciliary dysfunction." | ( Rubin, BK, 2010) |
| "Although cough is one of the defining symptoms of asthma, wheeze, chest tightness and breathlessness have generally received more attention." | ( Smith, JA, 2010) |
| "Altitude-related cough is a troublesome condition of unknown etiology." | ( Aldashev, A; Kim, EV; Mason, NP; Mélot, C; Mirrakhimov, MM; Naeije, R; Petersen, M; Sarybaev, A, 2009) |
| "Chronic cough is a relatively common symptom for which effective, acceptable treatments are lacking." | ( Smith, JA; Young, EC, 2010) |
| "Cough is an essential innate protective behavior, which is experienced by even healthy individuals." | ( Abo, M; Fujimura, M; Katayama, N; Nakade, Y; Nishitsuji, M; Ohkura, N; Tokuda, A, 2010) |
| "Cough is a major symptom in some children with asthma, but the relationship between cough and the severity of asthma is defined insufficiently." | ( Babusikova, E; Banovcin, P; Havlicekova, Z; Jesenak, M; Michnova, Z; Petrikova, M; Rennerova, Z; Turcan, T; Villa, MP, 2009) |
| "Unexplained cough is a diagnosis of exclusion that should not be made until a thorough validated diagnostic evaluation is performed, specific and appropriate validated treatments have been tried and failed, and uncommon causes have been ruled out." | ( Irwin, RS, 2010) |
| "Cough is a common and troublesome symptom that can be difficult to treat." | ( Elder, J; McGarvey, LP, 2010) |
| "Chronic cough is the only symptom of cough variant asthma (CVA) and atopic cough (AC)." | ( Fujimura, M; Ishiura, Y; Kita, T; Myou, S; Nakao, S; Nakatsumi, Y; Nomura, S; Ogawa, H, 2010) |
| "Pediatric cough is commonly encountered by primary care physicians and allergists." | ( Kelkar, PS; Ramanuja, S, 2010) |
| "Cough is a common symptom in patients with malignancies, especially in patients with lung cancer." | ( Bailey, C; Brunton, L; Caress, A; Molassiotis, A; Smith, J, 2010) |
| "Dry and persistent cough is one of the commonest side effects experienced by patients treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for the therapy of hypertension and congestive heart failure." | ( Cialdai, C; Giuliani, S; Maggi, CA; Tramontana, M; Valenti, C, 2010) |
| "Cough is the most common symptom reported by patients in a primary care setting and is one of the most frequent secondary effects recorded during treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors." | ( Bongianni, F; Cinelli, E; Evangelista, S; Mutolo, D; Pantaleo, T, 2010) |
| "This unexplained cough is also known as chronic idiopathic cough (CIC), though there are widely varying opinions as to its existence." | ( Millqvist, E, 2011) |
| "Unexplained chronic cough is a common condition with no satisfactory treatments." | ( Birring, S; Matos, S; Monteiro, W; Parker, D; Pavord, ID; Yousaf, N, 2010) |
| "Chronic cough is common, blights patients' lives and is hard to treat." | ( Smith, JA; Woodcock, A; Young, EC, 2010) |
| "Dry cough is a common, annoying adverse effect of all angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors." | ( Bangalore, S; Kumar, S; Messerli, FH, 2010) |
| "Cough is one of the most common symptoms in children, and the opioid codeine has known antitussive qualities mediated by a central nervous system pathway." | ( Goldman, RD, 2010) |
| "Cough is among the most common complaints for which patients worldwide seek medical attention." | ( Dicpinigaitis, PV, 2011) |
| "Chronic cough is characterized by sensory neuropathy." | ( Bellone, G; Brussino, L; Bucca, CB; Bugiani, M; Culla, B; Guida, G; Heffler, E; Moretto, A; Rolla, G; Sciascia, S, 2011) |
| "Cough is defensive airway reflex subjected to a high degree of cortical control." | ( Chellini, E; Fontana, GA; Lavorini, F; Magni, C; Widdicombe, J, 2011) |
| "Cough is a frequent chief complaint of outpatients, and is caused by various diseases." | ( Abe, M; Ikeda, M; Katoh, S; Kobashi, Y; Kurose, K; Miyashita, N; Mouri, K; Obase, Y; Oka, M; Shimizu, H, 2011) |
| "Chronic cough is responsible for a significant illness burden in the community." | ( Gibson, PG; Ryan, NM, 2011) |
| "Cough is the commonest symptom for which patients seek medical care and yet effective, well-tolerated cough medicines remain a significant unmet clinical need." | ( Smith, JA; Young, EC, 2011) |
| "Deflation cough is a paradoxical reflex similar to that described by Henry Head in 1889 for lung inflations that probably is mediated by the same sensors and afferent fibers in the lungs and activated by gastroesophageal reflux." | ( Chellini, E; Fontana, G; Lavorini, F; Magni, C; Pistolesi, M; Widdicombe, J, 2011) |
| "Cough is a troublesome symptom associated with many respiratory diseases." | ( Belvisi, MG; Birrell, MA; Dubuis, E; Grace, MS, 2012) |
| "The treatment of cough is a significant clinical unmet need because there is little evidence that current therapies are effective." | ( Canning, BJ; Hilton, ECY; Saulsberry, L; Smith, JA, 2012) |
| "Cough is a significant symptom in patients with scleroderma interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD), affecting 73% of the 158 patients enrolled in the Scleroderma Lung Study (SLS), a multicenter randomized trial of oral cyclophosphamide (CYC) vs placebo (PLA) in patients with active interstitial lung disease." | ( Elashoff, RM; Li, N; Tashkin, DP; Theodore, AC; Tseng, CH, 2012) |
| "Cough is a common symptom in SSc-ILD and correlates with the extent of fibrosis." | ( Elashoff, RM; Li, N; Tashkin, DP; Theodore, AC; Tseng, CH, 2012) |
| "Cough is often distressing for patients with pneumonia." | ( Chang, AB; Chang, CC; Cheng, AC, 2012) |
| "The cough is often painful and impairs the quality of life of the patients." | ( Sawada, S; Suehisa, H; Yamashita, M, 2012) |
| "Cough is a vital protective reflex that is triggered by both mechanical and chemical stimuli." | ( Breslin, PA; Dalton, P; Wise, PM, 2012) |
| "Reflex cough is preceded by detection of an urge to cough; strokes specifically within the cerebral cortex can affect parameters of reflex cough, and reflex cough can be voluntarily suppressed." | ( Bolser, DC; Davenport, PW; Hegland, KW, 2012) |
| "Fentanyl-induced cough is not an uncommon phenomenon during the induction of general anesthesia." | ( Gu, C; Li, F; Tang, Q; Wu, H; Zhou, M, 2012) |
| "The urge to cough is a clinical symptom of respiratory disease that precedes the motor act of coughing." | ( Farrell, MJ; Leech, J; Mazzone, SB, 2012) |
| "Cough is the most frequent reason for consultation with a family doctor, or with a general or respiratory physician." | ( Belvisi, MG; Birrell, MA; Dubuis, E; Grace, M; Maher, SA, 2012) |
| "Cough is one of the commonest reasons for medical consultation and acute cough associated with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) is a global problem." | ( Kelsall, A; Murdoch, R; Powley, W; Smith, JA; Sumner, H; Sunger, K, 2013) |
| "Cough is a major contributor to poor asthma control." | ( Kontra, K; Koskela, H; Purokivi, M, 2013) |
| "Dry cough is a common cause for the discontinuation of ramipril treatment." | ( Chudek, J; Jura-Szołtys, E; Owczarek, A; Smertka, M; Wyskida, K, 2012) |
| "Cough is one of the most common symptoms prompting patients to be seen by health care providers in the United States." | ( Jurdi, A; Truesdale, K, 2013) |
| "Chronic cough is more frequent and severe in women than in men." | ( Brussino, L; Bucca, C; Bugiani, M; Cicolin, A; Culla, B; Heffler, E; Ricciardolo, FL; Rolla, G, 2012) |
| "Chronic cough is a common clinical problem and there is a shortage of effective treatments for it." | ( Bende, M; Millqvist, E; Ternesten-Hasséus, E, 2013) |
| "Cough is a common symptom, often experienced as troublesome." | ( Duquet, N, 2012) |
| "Cough is one of the principal symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but the potential drivers of cough are likely to be multifactorial and poorly understood." | ( Dockry, R; Kolsum, U; Lazaar, AL; Singh, D; Smith, JA; Sumner, H; Vestbo, J; Woodcock, A, 2013) |
| "Cough is a protective reflex and defence mechanism in healthy individuals, which helps clear excessive secretions and foreign material from the lungs." | ( Belvisi, MG; Birrell, MA; Dubuis, E; Grace, MS, 2013) |
| "Cough is a pervasive and disabling symptom of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and is an independent predictor of disease progression." | ( Hilliard, ME; Horton, MR; Lechtzin, N, 2013) |
| "Persistent cough is a common clinical problem." | ( Bowman, RV; Chang, AB; Fong, KM; Johnstone, KJ; Yang, IA, 2013) |
| "Cough is an important defensive reflex that eliminates particles and secretions from the airways and protects the lower airways from the aspiration of foreign materials." | ( Haji, A; Kimura, S; Ohi, Y, 2013) |
| "Cough is the number one symptom for patients to visit a physician worldwide." | ( Bals, R; Dinh, QT; Heck, S; Le, DD; Welte, T, 2013) |
| "Cough is a frequent symptom associated to upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and, although being self-limiting, it might deeply affect the quality of life." | ( Lecchi, M; Mazzolini, M; Morselli-Labate, AM; Paccapelo, A; Tursi, F; Zanasi, A, 2014) |
| "Cough is a major symptom of asthma, and cough variant asthma (CVA) is an asthma phenotype that solely presents with coughing." | ( Niimi, A, 2013) |
| "Persistent cough is a frequent cause of doctor and hospital visits, and its incidence may be increasing." | ( Adachi, M; Akiyama, K; Hasegawa, M; Inoue, H; Kimura, G; Kobayashi, H; Niimi, A; Ohbayashi, H; Sagara, H; Takahashi, K; Wakayama, T; Yamauchi, K; Yokoe, T, 2013) |
| "Cough is among the most common symptoms with which people present for medical attention, but evidence-based treatments remain limited." | ( Breslin, PA; Dalton, P; Wise, PM, 2014) |
| "Chronic cough is increasingly being recognized as a process that has multiple initiating and perpetuating triggers." | ( Daly, SE; Sundar, KM, 2014) |
| "Chronic cough is a common problem of various etiologies." | ( Asilsoy, S; Durmaz, C; Usta Guc, B, 2014) |
| "Cough is the most frequent reason for consultation with a family doctor, and treatment options are limited." | ( Adcock, JJ; Belvisi, MG; Birrell, MA; Dubuis, E; Grace, MS; Maher, SA; Wortley, MA, 2014) |
| "Postinfectious cough is common in primary care, but has no proven effective treatments." | ( Birring, SS; Farmer, A; Fry, NK; Harnden, A; Harrison, TG; Hay, AD; Jin, J; Little, P; Mant, D; Moore, M; Perera, R; Taylor, K; Wang, K, 2014) |
| "Cough is one of the commonest symptoms of respiratory tract infections and is a frequent problem encountered in general practice as well as in hospital practice." | ( Padma, L, 2013) |
| "Chronic cough is often viewed as a difficult clinical problem." | ( Rai, SP, 2013) |
| "Reflex cough is a defensive response generated in the brainstem in response to chemical and mechanical stimulation of the airways." | ( Davenport, PW; Dupont, LJ; Janssens, T; Silva, M; Van den Bergh, O; Van Diest, I, 2014) |
| "Cough is often distressing for patients with pneumonia." | ( Chang, AB; Chang, CC; Cheng, AC, 2014) |
| "Chronic cough is a frustrating and common problem, resulting in significant psychological and physical sequelae as well as enormous financial costs in terms of health care expense and time lost from work." | ( Paauw, DS; Terasaki, G, 2014) |
| "Cough is a protective reflex action that helps clear the respiratory tract which is continuously exposed to airborne environmental irritants." | ( Aranake, S; Bhosale, V; Ghosh, I; Karnik, P; Khairatkar-Joshi, N; Kulkarni, A; Mukhopadhyay, I; Shetty, M; Thorat, S; Wale, D, 2014) |
| "Cough is among the symptoms most commonly associated with an acute, viral upper respiratory tract infection (URI), such as the common cold." | ( Carr, AN; Dicpinigaitis, PV; Poore, CL; Ramsey, DL; Tibb, AS, 2014) |
| "Cough is an extremely common problem in pediatrics, mostly triggered and perpetuated by inflammatory processes or mechanical irritation leading to viscous mucous production and increased sensitivity of the cough receptors." | ( Anapurapu, S; Caimmi, D; Canciani, M; Licari, A; Marseglia, GL; Murgia, V, 2014) |
| "Cough is a natural reflex that protects respiratory airways against infections or mucus retention." | ( Céspedes, J; Monge, G; Puppo, H; Torres-Castro, R; Vera, R; Vilaró, J, 2014) |
| "Post-viral cough is a type of cough originating from upper respiratory tract infections that persists after the infection is resolved." | ( Del Forno, M; Fabbri, E; Lecchi, M; Mastroroberto, M; Mazzolini, M; Morselli-Labate, AM; Nava, S; Pandolfi, P; Pisani, L; Zanasi, A, 2014) |
| "Cough is the most frequent reason to stop ACE-inhibitor treatment." | ( Akkerhuis, KM; Arima, H; Bertrand, M; Boersma, E; Brugts, JJ; Caliskan, K; Chalmers, J; DiNicolantonio, J; Ferrari, R; Fox, K; MacMahon, S; Mourad, JJ; Remme, W; Simoons, ML; Zijlstra, F, 2014) |
| "Cough is a complex respiratory behavior essential for airway protection, consisting of sensory, motor, affective and cognitive attributes." | ( Ando, A; Farrell, MJ; Mazzone, SB, 2014) |
| "Cough is one of the most common reasons why children visit a health care professional." | ( Beiler, JS; Duda, LM; King, TS; Paul, IM; Vallati, JR, 2014) |
| "Cough is the most common complaint for which outpatients in the United States seek medical attention, and yet available therapeutic options for cough lack proven efficacy and are further limited by safety and abuse liabilities." | ( Canning, BJ; Dicpinigaitis, PV; Garner, R; Paterson, B, 2015) |
| "Cough is a distressing symptom in advanced cancer." | ( An, HJ; Kang, YJ; Kim, CH; Kim, HK; Kim, IK; Lee, JE, 2015) |
| "Cough is a reflex that serves to protect the airways." | ( Taylor-Clark, TE, 2015) |
| "Cough is among the most common complaints for which individuals worldwide seek medical attention." | ( Dicpinigaitis, PV, 2015) |
| "Chronic cough is a common symptom that can be difficult to treat." | ( Chung, KF, 2015) |
| "The urge-to-cough is a consciously perceived compulsion, previously investigated in healthy volunteers inhaling irritants." | ( Decalmer, S; Hilton, E; Kennedy, S; Marsden, P; Smith, JA; Thurston, A, 2015) |
| "Chronic cough is usually defined as a cough that lasts for eight weeks or longer." | ( Faraone, S; Maniscalco, M; Molino, A; Sofia, M; Vatrella, A; Zedda, A, 2015) |
| "Chronic cough is regarded as a challenging clinical problem due to its frequency and often limited therapeutic options." | ( Gibson, PG; Vertigan, AE, 2015) |
| "Cough is commonly reported by patients and can significantly reduce health-related quality of life." | ( Birring, SS; Tully, T, 2016) |
| "Cough is one of common symptoms of influenza, the cough duration and prevalence of postinfectious cough (PIC) after viral upper respiratory tract infection has not been well described." | ( Chen, RC; Lai, KF; Lin, L; Liu, BJ; Luo, W; Pan, JY; Yang, ZF; Yi, F; Zhan, YQ, 2017) |
| "Acute cough is common in patients with H1N1 PIC, only a few of patients develop chronic cough." | ( Chen, RC; Lai, KF; Lin, L; Liu, BJ; Luo, W; Pan, JY; Yang, ZF; Yi, F; Zhan, YQ, 2017) |
| "Cough is the most frequent complaint of patients seeking medical attention in general and hospital practice." | ( Nadkar, MY; Vora, A, 2015) |
| "Cough is the most common adverse reaction of enalapril." | ( Chen, XP; He, FZ; Li, Q; Liu, MZ; Liu, ZQ; Luo, JQ; Sun, NL; Tang, GF; Wang, LY; Wang, ZM; Zhang, W; Zhou, HH, 2015) |
| "Acute cough is a common reason to prescribe antibiotics in primary care." | ( Butler, CC; Chan, D; Fung, A; Kung, K; Liu, Z; Wong, CK; Wong, SY; Yip, BH, 2016) |
| "Chronic cough is a common clinical problem worldwide." | ( Anderson, J; Bailey, H; Harrison, T; Hodgson, D; Meakin, G; Mortimer, K; Oborne, J; Reynolds, C; Shaw, D, 2016) |
| "Cough is a common symptom of pulmonary sarcoidosis." | ( Birring, SS; Galloway, J; Lee, KK; Pavord, ID; Rafferty, GF; Sinha, A; Yousaf, N, 2016) |
| "Cough is recognized as an important troublesome symptom in the diagnosis and monitoring of asthma." | ( Donnelly, I; Fowler, SJ; Ibrahim, B; Jolly, L; Marsden, PA; Satia, I; Smith, JA; Thomson, NC; Woodcock, A; Yates, L, 2016) |
| "Cough is among the most common symptoms for patients to seek medical attention." | ( Du, Y; Huang, Q; Jie, Z; Pan, S; Qian, L; Shi, J, 2018) |
| "Cough is managed with antitussives." | ( Ackermann, RJ; Baralatei, FT, 2016) |
| "Cough is a common presenting symptom in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP); it is often disabling, and lacks effective treatment." | ( Fontana, GA; Franciosi, L; Lavorini, F; Page, CP; Spina, D; Walker, MJ, 2016) |
| "Chronic cough is a distressing and disabling symptom with a major impact on quality of life." | ( Birring, SS; Cottin, V; Renzoni, EA; Russell, AM; van Manen, MJ; Vancheri, C; Wijsenbeek, MS, 2016) |
| "Cough is one of the most common complications of opioids." | ( Dong, L; Juan, N; Ping, L; Shuying, L, 2016) |
| "Cough is significant health problem with greater implication for impaired quality of life." | ( Bhargava, A; Vora, A, 2016) |
| "Chronic cough is one of the most common clinical problems and it may be secondary to different stimuli and diseases, including low-level physical and chemical stimulation of the esophageal-bronchial reflex, suggestive of cough-reflex hyperresponsiveness, in patients with gastroesophageal reflux; however, it is still debated whether gastroesophageal reflux could induce airway inflammation and acidification." | ( Brussino, L; Crimi, C; Crimi, N; Dughera, L; Heffler, E; Nicola, S; Rolla, G; Sichili, S, 2016) |
| "Cough is a common symptom of scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD), but its relationship to other characteristics of SSc-ILD, impact on cough-specific quality of life (QoL), and response to therapy for SSc-ILD have not been well studied." | ( Ariolla, E; Clements, PJ; Elashoff, RM; Furst, DE; Goldin, J; Kafaja, S; Khanna, D; Kim, GH; Roth, MD; Tashkin, DP; Theodore, A; Tseng, CH; Volkmann, ER, 2017) |
| "Cough is a major symptom of asthma frequently experienced during exercise but little is known about interactions between cough and exercise." | ( Chenuel, B; Christov, C; Demoulin, B; Demoulin-Alexikova, S; Foucaud, L; Poussel, M; Tiotiu, A, 2017) |
| "Cough is produced by the same neuronal pool implicated in respiratory rhythm generation, and antitussive drugs acting at the central level, such as opioids, may depress ventilation." | ( Fontana, G; Lanata, L; Lavorini, F; Mannini, C; Saibene, F; Zanasi, A, 2017) |
| "Cough is an airway-protective mechanism that serves to detect and forcefully eject aspirate material." | ( Brandimore, AE; Davenport, PW; Hegland, KW; Okun, MS; Troche, MS, 2017) |
| "Cough is one of the most common complaints for which sufferers seek medical assistance." | ( El-Hashim, AZ; Jaffal, SM, 2017) |
| "Chronic cough is commonly associated with asthma, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and postnasal drip, but in a significant proportion, no associated cause can be found." | ( Chung, KF; Ffolkes, L; Liang, Z; Macedo, P; Nicholson, AG; Saito, J; Zhang, Q, 2017) |
| "Pathological cough is thought to be secondary to inappropriate activation of vagal sensory nerves." | ( Kollarik, M; Sun, H; Undem, BJ, 2017) |
| "Cough is a very important airway protective reflex." | ( Mutolo, D, 2017) |
| "Chronic cough is a significant problem, and in many patients cough remains refractive to both disease-specific therapies and current cough-suppressing medicines, creating a need for improved antitussive therapies." | ( Keller, JA; Mazzone, SB; McGovern, AE, 2017) |
| "Cough is a common and distressing symptom." | ( Morice, AH; Shanks, G, 2017) |
| "Cough is the most common reason for patients to visit a primary care physician, yet it remains an unmet medical need." | ( Belvisi, MG; Bonvini, SJ, 2017) |
| "Chronic cough is associated with airway inflammation and remodelling." | ( Adcock, IM; Baribaud, F; Chung, KF; Durham, A; Gibeon, D; Horowitz, D; Loza, M; Mumby, S; Ojo, O; Pavlidis, S; Rao, N; Rossios, C, 2017) |
| "Cough is the reflex defense response of the respiratory tract to the present secretions in the throat, trachea and bronchi, and ongoing inflammation in the mucous membranes of the upper and lower respiratory tract." | ( Płusa, T, 2017) |
| "Chronic cough is a debilitating, often multifactorial problem." | ( Dibildox, D; Giliberto, JP; Merati, A, 2017) |
| "The cough is a protective reflex, with 2 types, one being more sensitive to mechanical stimulation and the other to chemical stimulation, such as sulfur dioxide, ammonia, citric acid, and capsaicin." | ( Boskabady, MH; Saadat, S; Shakeri, F, 2018) |
| "Chronic cough is a common symptom and related to several pulmonary, airway and heart diseases." | ( Arvidsson, M; Gustafsson, P; Johansson, EL; Millqvist, E; Pullerits, T; Ternesten-Hasséus, E, 2018) |
| "Chronic cough is a cause of rib fractures and when they occur it is likely to affect more than one rib." | ( Bruetman, JE; Finn, BC; Sousa, JE; Trovato, DA; Young, P, 2018) |
| "Cough is a frequent symptom presenting to doctors." | ( Chang, AB; Marchant, JM; Morris, PS; Petsky, HL, 2018) |
| "Cough is common in patients with lung cancer, and current antitussive treatments are suboptimal." | ( Baker, K; Blackhall, FH; Dockry, R; Harle, ASM; Holt, KJ; Molassiotis, A; Smith, JA; Yorke, J; Yuill, D, 2019) |
| "Cough is induced by stimulation of structures innervated by the vagus nerve, including the upper and lower airways and distal esophagus." | ( Cleven, KL; Dicpinigaitis, PV; Enilari, O, 2019) |
| "Chronic cough is one of the most common and troublesome nonspecific respiratory symptom for which patients seek a general practitioner and specialist advice." | ( De Felice, A; Fuschillo, S; Gaudiosi, C; Maniscalco, M; Martucci, M; Motta, A, 2019) |
| "Cough is a common, disabling symptom of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which may be exacerbated by acid reflux." | ( Dutta, P; Forbes, R; Forrest, IA; Funston, W; Griffin, SM; Jones, R; Mossop, H; Pearson, J; Ryan, V; Sen, S; Simpson, AJ; Smith, JA; Ward, C, 2019) |
| "Nocturnal cough is a burdensome asthma symptom." | ( Barata, F; Brutsche, M; Fleisch, E; Kowatsch, T; Puhan, MA; Rassouli, F; Steurer-Stey, C; Tinschert, P, 2019) |
| "Pathological cough is an unwanted and debilitating symptom of a range of chronic respiratory diseases." | ( Brozmanova, M; Buday, T; Svajdova, S, 2019) |
| "Cough is a natural defense mechanism that protects the respiratory tract from inhaling foreign bodies and by clearing excessive bronchial secretions." | ( Aiello, M; Andrani, F; Bertorelli, G; Chetta, A; Crisafulli, E, 2019) |
| "Cough is a common and troublesome symptom in asthmatic patients, but little is known about the neuronal pathways that trigger cough." | ( Dockry, RJ; Ford, JW; Fowler, SJ; Gauvreau, GM; Mitchell, PD; O'Byrne, PM; Satia, I; Scime, T; Sen, S; Smith, JA; Watson, R, 2019) |
| "Cough is an important protective mechanism for clearing the airways but becomes a troublesome, and often difficult to treat, symptom in respiratory disease." | ( Farrell, MJ; Mazzone, SB, 2019) |
| "Cough is the common disease condition which affects patients of every age." | ( Ayaz, S; Khan, M; Naveed, S; Owais, A; Rehman, H; Usmanghani, K; Zaidi, SF, 2019) |
| "Cough is a protective reflex that serves to clear the airways of excessive secretions and foreign matter and which sometimes becomes excessive, and troublesome to patients." | ( Birring, S; de Blasio, F; Dicpinigaitis, PV; Fontana, G; Lanata, L; Page, C; Saibene, F; Zanasi, A, 2019) |
| "Cough is important for airway defence, and studies in healthy animals and humans have revealed multiple brain networks intimately involved in the perception of airway irritation, cough induction and cough suppression." | ( Ando, A; Farrell, MJ; Mazzone, SB, 2019) |
| " Cough is a frequent and troublesome symptom of sarcoidosis that reduces patients' quality of life." | ( Buday, T; Kocan, I; Kovacova, E; Plevkova, J; Vysehradsky, R, 2019) |
| "Cough is reported as a side effect of tobramycin inhalation powder (TIP) in 48% of the patients." | ( Albasri, M; Andrinopoulou, ER; Arets, HGM; Heijerman, HGM; Majoor, CJ; Meerburg, JJ; Tiddens, HAWM; van der Eerden, MM; van der Wiel, EC, 2019) |
| "Purpose Reflex cough is an essential airway protective mechanism that often occurs in the context of divided attention." | ( Perry, SE; Troche, MS, 2019) |
| "Cough is a frequent symptom of asthma." | ( Birring, SS; Fukuhara, A; Hirai, K; Kanazawa, K; Kawamata, T; Koizumi, T; Minemura, H; Munakata, M; Nikaido, T; Rikimaru, M; Saito, J; Saito, M; Sato, S; Sato, Y; Shibata, Y; Suzuki, Y; Tanino, Y; Togawa, R; Uematsu, M; Umeda, T; Watanabe, N, 2020) |
| "Cough is a defensive airway reflex consisting of a modified respiratory act which involves the sequential activation of several laryngeal and respiratory muscles." | ( Aliverti, A; LoMauro, A, 2019) |
| "Cough is mediated by vagal afferent fibres innervating the larynx and proximal airways." | ( Badri, H; Smith, JA, 2019) |
| "Cough is a troublesome and often refractory symptom of asthma, which is associated with poor control of disease." | ( Fukumitsu, K; Kanemitsu, Y; Niimi, A; Takeda, N, 2019) |
| "Chronic cough is one of the most common complaints for which patients in China seek medical attention." | ( Lai, K; Long, L, 2020) |
| "Cough is a common symptom in several respiratory diseases and may occur in healthy subjects as a defense mechanism against noxious inhalants." | ( Campisi, M; Guarnieri, G; Liviero, F; Maestrelli, P; Mason, P; Pavanello, S; Scarpa, MC, 2020) |
| "Although cough is a common and distressing symptom in patients with lung cancer, there is almost no evidence to guide treatment." | ( Bhattacharjee, A; Ishi, S; Joshi, A; Kannan, S; Maske, K; Menon, N; Mukadam, SA; Noronha, V; Patil, VM; Prabhash, K; Shah, S, 2020) |
| "A chronic cough is a non-specific reaction to irritation anywhere in the respiratory system." | ( Afsharypuor, S; Ahmadi, F; Ghaemi, H; Masoompour, SM; Mosaffa-Jahromi, M; Niknahad, H; Pasalar, M, 2020) |
| "Cough is the archetypal airway neuronal reflex, yet little is understood about the underlying neuronal mechanisms." | ( Nagashima, A; Satia, I; Usmani, OS, 2020) |
| "Cough is one of the most important defensive reflexes." | ( Calkovsky, V; Hajtman, A; Kunc, P; Lucanska, M; Pecova, R, 2020) |
| "Cough is one of the most common medical symptoms for which medical advice is sought." | ( Hessami, K; Hosseinkhani, A; Kashkooe, A; Pasalar, M; Ziaian, B, 2021) |
| "Cough is a common yet distressing symptom that results in significant health care costs from outpatient visits and related consultations." | ( Awad, NT; Behera, D; Bendre, S; Bhargava, S; Jindal, SK; Korukonda, K; Mirchandani, L; Prasad, R; Shankar, PS; Sharma, OP, 2020) |
| "Cough is often observed when administrating a bolus of opioids." | ( He, LX; Ma, J; Shao, K; Yao, YT; Zhao, YY, 2020) |
| "Cough is predictive of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." | ( Birring, SS; Cho, PSP; Fletcher, HV; Jolley, CJ; Patel, IS; Turner, RD, 2020) |
| "Cough is among the most common complaints for which patients worldwide seek medical attention." | ( Canning, BJ; Dicpinigaitis, PV; McGarvey, LP, 2020) |
| "Cough is a defense mechanism that protects the airways and lungs in response to airway irritation." | ( Abubakar, AB; Bautista, TG; Dimmock, MR; Farrell, MJ; Mazzone, SB, 2021) |
| "Cough is a widespread symptom in children and adolescents." | ( Brambilla, I; Ciprandi, G; Foiadelli, T; Licari, A; Manti, S; Marseglia, GL; Tosca, MA, 2020) |
| "Cough is a common respiratory symptom that is considered to be chronic when it lasts more than eight weeks." | ( Beghè, B; Fabbri, LM; Papi, A; Spanevello, A; Visca, D, 2020) |
| "Chronic cough is a severely debilitating condition that results in individuals coughing hundreds to thousands of times per day." | ( On, PC, 2020) |
| "Cough is one of the most common symptoms seen in clinical practice, however the differential diagnosis is often difficult." | ( Hanibuchi, M; Kitagawa, T; Mitsuhashi, A; Saijo, A; Takeji, T, 2020) |
| "BACKGROUND Chronic cough is the main reason why parents seek medical treatment for their children." | ( Hao, C; Sun, X; Tian, Z; Yu, X; Yuan, Y; Zhang, R; Zhou, W; Zhu, H, 2021) |
| "An acute cough is usually consequent to upper respiratory tract infections and is self-resolving within a few weeks." | ( Brambilla, I; Caffarelli, C; Calvani, M; Cardinale, F; Chiappini, E; Ciprandi, G; Cravidi, C; Del Giudice, MM; Duse, M; Licari, A; Manti, S; Marseglia, GL; Martelli, A; Minasi, D; Pajno, G; Peroni, DG; Tosca, MA, 2021) |
| "Chronic cough is very common in respiratory clinics, and no effective drugs are available." | ( Bai, LP; Cai, DY; Huang, CQ; Lai, KF; Liu, XD; Yau, LF; Zhang, JQ; Zhong, NS; Zhong, S, 2021) |
| "Two causes of dry cough are increased sensitivity of cough receptors (cough hypersensitivity) and increased contraction of bronchial smooth muscle." | ( Kamei, J, 2021) |
| "Cough is a pivotal airway protective reflex, yet the effects of prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) on cough function are unknown." | ( Chen, YC; Huang, YC; Lai, CJ; Lee, CH; Lin, JY; Lo, CL; Low, T; Wu, SS, 2022) |
| "Cough is reported by 85% of patients with IPF and can be a distressing symptom with a significant impact on patients' quality of life." | ( Banya, W; Chaudhuri, N; Jakupovic, I; Maher, TM; Molyneaux, PL; Patel, B; Smith, J; Spencer, LG; Thillai, M; West, A; Westoby, J; Wijsenbeek, M; Wu, Z, 2022) |
| "Swallowing and cough are crucial components of airway protection." | ( Diesener, P; Kool, J; Lüthi-Müller, E; Mylius, V, 2022) |
| "Chronic cough is the most common complaint in respiratory clinics." | ( Morice, AH; Sadofsky, LR; Sykes, DL; Zhang, M, 2022) |
| "Cough is one of the most common presenting symptoms of COVID-19, which can persist for weeks or months." | ( Dolatshahi, K; Hakamifard, A; Khorvash, F; Nasirharandi, S; Nasirian, M; Soltani, R, 2022) |
| "Cough is the most frequent symptom reported by patients with lower respiratory tract infections." | ( Garcia-Sangenís, A; Gómez-Lumbreras, A; Llor, C; Monfà, R; Moragas, A; Morros, R; Ouchi, D; Pera, H; Pujol, J, 2023) |
| "Cough is invariably encountered during flexible bronchoscopy despite sedation and topical anaesthetics." | ( Bal, SK; Bhuniya, S; Datta, A; Mohapatra, PR; Panigrahi, MK, 2023) |
| "Chronic cough is one of the most common symptoms in childhood." | ( Blümchen, K; Donath, H; Dreßler, M; Hutter, M; Szelenyi, A; Trischler, J; Woelke, S; Zielen, S, 2023) |
| "Chronic cough is a common problem, substantially affecting quality of life." | ( Belcher, J; Holt, KJ; Smith, JA, 2023) |
| "Cough is a troublesome symptom of asthma because it is associated with disease severity and poor asthma control." | ( Fukuda, S; Fukumitsu, K; Hara, J; Ito, K; Ito, Y; Kanemitsu, Y; Kurokawa, R; Maeno, K; Niimi, A; Nishiyama, H; Oguri, T; Ohkubo, H; Tajiri, T; Takeda, N; Takemura, M; Uemura, T, 2023) |
| "Cough is the body's reflex when the throat or airway is irritated by a foreign body, such as irritants, microbes, and fluids." | ( Abhyankar, N; Dhar, R; Jindal, SK; Mohan, M; Paramesh, H; Santhalingam, B; Talwar, D, 2023) |
| "Cough is one of its defining symptoms." | ( Fábry, J; Ferenc, P; Grendár, M; Hurtová, T; Ištvánková, K; Kunč, P; Péčová, R; Strachan, T, 2023) |
| "This cough is triggered by the deviation of the endotracheal tube from the airway anatomy, causing pressure on the airway mucosal wall." | ( Kim, JE; Kim, JH; Lim, GM; Park, SJ; Park, SY, 2023) |
| Excerpt | Reference |
|---|
| "Definitive treatment of cough depends on determining its precise cause and then initiating specific therapy for the underlying disorder." | ( Braman, SS; Irwin, RS; Rosen, MJ, 1977) |
| "At the end of each treatment phase, cough was evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire containing an ordinal scale for daily cough intensity and frequency." | ( Fogari, R; Malamani, GD; Salvetti, A; Tettamanti, F; Tinelli, C; Zoppi, A, 1992) |
| "The optimal approach to the treatment of cough consists, first, in determination of its precise cause." | ( Imhof, E; Perruchoud, AP; Russi, E, 1988) |
| "The pharmacologic treatment of cough can be divided into two main categories: therapy with controls, prevents or eliminates cough (i." | ( Curley, FJ; Irwin, RS; Pratter, MR, 1987) |
| "No effects of treatment on cough frequency were demonstrated." | ( Howie, JG; Paxton, FM; Toop, LJ, 1986) |
| "After treatment, coughing decreased in all patients and the cough threshold for capsaicin increased significantly, from 0." | ( Ito, N; Kagaya, M; Kashima, M; Miura, M; Sano, M; Sasaki, M; Shindo, T; Shioya, T, 1996) |
| "This study shows that cetirizine treatment reduces cough intensity (P < 0." | ( Canonica, GW; Ciprandi, G; Fasce, L; Fregonese, L; Passalacqua, G; Ricca, V; Tosca, M, 1997) |
| "Over-the-counter medicines marketed for treating cough are widely available, but relatively few can be prescribed on the NHS." | ( , 1999) |
| "Twenty-one patients completed both treatment periods." | ( Hietanen, EK; Kiljander, TO; Salomaa, ER; Terho, EO, 2000) |
| "Active treatment reduced cough frequency and symptom scores on day four and eight." | ( Fahey, T; Schroeder, K, 2001) |
| "Corticosteroid treatment reduces cough frequency concurrently with reductions in deltaPpl(max) and mucus accumulation in RAO-affected horses." | ( Berney, C; Cornelisse, CJ; deFeijter-Rupp, HL; Derksen, FJ; Eberhart, S; Gerber, VM; Jefcoat, AM; Robinson, NE, 2003) |
| "However, effective treatments for the cough have not been established." | ( Hanzawa, M; Iikuni, N; Nishinarita, M; Ota, S, 2004) |
| "Active treatment reduced cough frequency and symptom scores on day four and eight." | ( Fahey, T; Schroeder, K, 2004) |
| "Effective treatments for cough in COPD have not yet been identified." | ( Calverley, PM; Smith, JA, 2004) |
| "PDE4 inhibitors may be useful in treating cough associated with airway allergy via inhibiting both allergic airway inflammation and the common pathway of cough reflex." | ( Fujimura, M; Liu, Q, 2007) |
| "Currently, there are few effective treatments for cough with an acceptable therapeutic ratio and more selective drugs with a more favorable side effect profile are needed." | ( Brickman, TM; Haben, M; Jeyakumar, A, 2006) |
| "At present there are no satisfactory treatments for cough that have an acceptable side effect profile." | ( Belvisi, MG, 2008) |
| "Effective treatments for cough in COPD have not yet been identified." | ( Smith, J; Woodcock, A, 2006) |
| "Honey may be a preferable treatment for the cough and sleep difficulty associated with childhood upper respiratory tract infection." | ( Beiler, J; Berlin, CM; Duda, L; McMonagle, A; Paul, IM; Shaffer, ML, 2007) |
| "After 2 weeks of montelukast treatment, cough symptoms improved in 22 patients (the effective group) but did not improve in 14 patients (the ineffective group); in the ineffective group, the symptoms disappeared 2 weeks after they were switched to fluticasone propionate (400 microg/day) inhalation therapy." | ( Baba, K; Kawai, S; Matsubara, A; Okada, T; Shiono, H; Yamaguchi, E, 2008) |
| "The main objective of new treatments for cough would be to identify ways to downregulate this heightened cough reflex but yet preserve its crucial role in protecting the airway." | ( McGarvey, L; Morice, AH, 2009) |
| "In all treatment pairs, cough intensity, as reported by the patient using the VAS, was significantly lower with tramadol compared with placebo (P < 0." | ( Louly, PG; Medeiros-Souza, P; Santos-Neto, L, 2009) |
| "The most effective treatment for cough due to the common cold is a combination first-generation antihistamine plus decongestant." | ( Boujaoude, ZC; Pratter, MR, 2010) |
| "As current treatments for cough have proved to exhibit little efficacy and are largely ineffective, there is a need to develop novel, efficacious and safe antitussive therapies." | ( Belvisi, MG; Nasra, J, 2009) |
| "Testing and treatment for cough will vary, depending on the presentation and diagnosis." | ( Kelkar, PS; Ramanuja, S, 2010) |
| "Thus, the evaluation and treatment of cough result in tremendous financial expenditure and consumption of health care resources." | ( Dicpinigaitis, PV, 2011) |
| "European guidelines for treating acute cough/lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) aim to reduce nonevidence-based variation in prescribing, and better target and increase the use of first-line antibiotics." | ( Blasi, F; Butler, CC; Coenen, S; Goossens, H; Hood, K; Kelly, MJ; Little, P; Nuttall, J; Schaberg, T; Torres, A; Verheij, T; Wood, J, 2011) |
| "At 4 and 5 days after treatment, the cough score of group B showed significant improvement compared with group A, demonstrating an early antitussive effect." | ( Abe, M; Hamada, H; Hamaguchi, N; Hamaguchi, S; Higaki, J; Irifune, K; Ito, R; Katayama, H; Kato, A; Miyoshi, S; Nishimura, K; Toyozawa, R; Watanabe, A, 2011) |
| "We evaluated, before and after treatment, the cough visual analogue scale (VAS), pulmonary function (spirometry and impulse oscillation), methacholine airway responsiveness, cough receptor sensitivity, expressed by the concentration of capsaicin inducing 2 or more (C2) and 5 or more (C5) coughs, sputum eosinophil counts and levels of inflammatory mediators, including cysteinyl leukotrienes, leukotriene B(4), prostaglandin (PG) D(2), PGE(2), PGF(2)(α) and thromboxane B(2)." | ( Chin, K; Jinnai, M; Matsumoto, H; Matsuoka, H; Mishima, M; Niimi, A; Takemura, M; Ueda, T; Yamaguchi, M, 2012) |
| "After 12 months of treatment, cough frequency decreased in the CYC group compared with the PLA group and was significantly different from the PLA group at 18 months (6 months after discontinuation of CYC)." | ( Elashoff, RM; Li, N; Tashkin, DP; Theodore, AC; Tseng, CH, 2012) |
| "is widely used for the treatment of cough, bronchitis and asthmatic disorders in the Traditional Chinese Medicine." | ( Jia, JP; Li, ZY; Qin, XM; Sun, HF; Xing, J; Xue, SY; Zhang, FS; Zhang, LZ; Zhi, HJ, 2012) |
| "Symptomatic treatment of cough is primarily required for patients, though in most cases the condition is self-limiting." | ( Atkins, A; Tackett, KL, 2012) |
| "The mean (SD) of the pretreatment cough severity score was 8." | ( Hahn, PY; Keogh, KA; Lim, KG; Morgenthaler, TI; Olson, EJ; Rank, MA, 2013) |
| "In the 37 patients without ICS treatment, cough improved in 32 (Group C) by specific treatment aimed at the possible causes of the cough, whereas the remaining five (Group D) had persistent cough." | ( Cheng, YW; Chou, MC; Hsu, JY; Wang, CY, 2013) |
| "Twelve of 16 patients completed treatment." | ( Chen, Q; Liang, SW; Lv, HJ; Qiu, ZM; Xu, XH; Yang, ZM; Yu, L, 2013) |
| "Distribution of drugs used in the treatment of cough takes into account the pharmacokinetic activity, and this mainly affect on bronchial secretions--drugs that act directly, which destroy disulfide bonds mucous glucoproteins using free sulfhydryl groups and digesting enzymes, extracellular DNA, acting indirectly, that modify the secretion of mucus in the way of other mechanisms, as well as acting on the cough reflex (effects on receptors in the bronchial tree)." | ( Płusa, T, 2014) |
| "After discontinuation of the treatment, cough scores increased, pulmonary function and eosinophilic airway inflammation were aggravated and returned to the baseline levels." | ( Kawagoe, M; Kirishi, S; Kondo, M; Kubota, N; Tagaya, E; Tamaoki, J, 2015) |
| "With usual treatment, cough did not improve in these patients." | ( An, HJ; Kang, YJ; Kim, CH; Kim, HK; Kim, IK; Lee, JE, 2015) |
| "Recent developments in the treatment of cough include the use of speech pathology and pharmacotherapy with gabapentin." | ( Gibson, PG; Vertigan, AE, 2015) |
| "The use of macrolides for treatment-resistant cough cannot be recommended from this study, but they may have a place in the treatment of chronic cough associated with asthma; this is worthy of further investigation." | ( Anderson, J; Bailey, H; Harrison, T; Hodgson, D; Meakin, G; Mortimer, K; Oborne, J; Reynolds, C; Shaw, D, 2016) |
| "Codeine is not necessary in the treatment of cough." | ( Koskela, H; Naaranlahti, T, 2016) |
| "After two weeks of effective treatment, HARQ, cough symptom score and cough reflex sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin were measured once more, and treatment responsiveness was calculated." | ( Chen, Q; Huang, Y; Jin, XY; Lyu, HJ; Qiu, ZM; Xu, XH; Yu, L, 2016) |
| "We evaluated a cohort of adults treated for cough at the Duke Voice Care Center with amitriptyline over a 2- to 3-year period." | ( Cohen, SM; Ryan, MA, 2016) |
| "Opioids are used as a treatment for coughing." | ( Kim, DH; Kim, JY; Lee, JD; Lee, SY; Park, H; Park, SY; Rho, GU; Yoo, JY, 2016) |
| "It is commonly used for treating cancer, cough and phlegm." | ( Cao, H; Cheng, BC; Fu, XQ; Guo, H; Li, T; Li, YX; Su, T; Yu, ZL; Zhang, WW; Zhang, YM; Zhu, PL, 2016) |
| "More participants prematurely stopped treatment due to cough improvement in the CS1002 group (24." | ( Birring, SS; Brew, J; Edwards, V; Kilbourn, A; Morice, AH; Wilson, R, 2017) |
| "Few clinical trials have focused on treatments for IPF cough." | ( Horton, MR; Hughes, AH; Vigeland, CL, 2017) |
| "Drugs used to treat cough differ in both mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic activity." | ( Płusa, T, 2017) |
| "It is important to treat appropriately cough-variant asthma because 30% to 40% of cough-variant asthma becomes a typical asthma." | ( Dokuni, R; Funada, Y; Kawa, Y; Kobayashi, K; Kotani, Y; Miwa, N; Nagano, T; Nakajima, T; Nishimura, Y; Nishiuma, T; Ohnishi, H; Shirotani, T; Takenaka, K, 2018) |
| "After treatment, cough symptom score tended to decrease in all 7 groups, with increases in percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%) and percentage of predicted peak expiratory flow (PEF%)." | ( Dai, JH; Tu, JW; Zhu, XH, 2019) |
| "officinalis extracts alone in treatment of dry cough, while combination of A." | ( Mahboubi, M, 2020) |
| "Chinese Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cough were initially published in 2005, and updated in 2009 and 2016." | ( Lai, K; Long, L, 2020) |
| "To collect the evidence for the treatment of cough or "seaal" (cough in ancient books) from TPM sources, five main medicinal Persian manuscripts were studied." | ( Hessami, K; Hosseinkhani, A; Kashkooe, A; Pasalar, M; Ziaian, B, 2021) |
| "Nortriptyline is effective for treating neurogenic cough with 72% of patients reporting improvement in cough." | ( Choksawad, K; Franco, RA; Song, SA, 2021) |
| "Many products for treating cough contain natural components." | ( Ciprandi, G; De Filippo, M; Marseglia, GL; Murgia, V; Tosca, MA; Votto, M, 2021) |
| "Its clinical application for the treatment of cough, phlegm, sore throat, pulmonary and respiratory diseases has been thousands of years in China." | ( Li, Q; Li, Y; Liu, Y; Sun, X; Xie, J; Yang, T; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z; Zhao, S; Zheng, Q, 2022) |