icatibant: a potent bradykinin (B2) receptor antagonist; WIN 65365 is an L-Tic(7) stereoisomer [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
icatibant : A ten-membered synthetic oligopeptide consisting of D-Arg, Arg, Pro, Hyp, Gly, Thi, Ser, D-Tic, Oic, and Arg residues joined in sequrence. A bradykinin receptor antagonist used as its acetate salt for the treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema in adult patients. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 6918173 |
| CHEMBL ID | 2028850 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 21495177 |
| MeSH ID | M0180524 |
| PubMed CID | 14724482 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 15992446 |
| MeSH ID | M0180524 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| l-arginine, d-arginyl-l-arginyl-l-prolyl-trans-4-hydroxy-l-prolylglycyl-3-(2-thienyl)-l-alanyl-l-seryl-d-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarbonyl-l-(2alpha,3abeta,7abeta)-octahydro-1h-indole-2-carbonyl- |
| icatibant [inn] |
| je 049 |
| DB06196 |
| CHEMBL2028850 |
| 7pg89g35q7 , |
| unii-7pg89g35q7 |
| icatibant [inn:ban] |
| bdbm50403371 |
| bdbm50406750 |
| icatibant [who-dd] |
| (r)-arginyl-(s)-arginyl-(s)-prolyl-(2s,4r)-(4-hydroxyprolyl)glycyl-(s)-(3-(2-thienyl)alanyl)-(s)-seryl-(r)-((1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolyl)carbonyl)-(2s,3as,7as)-((hexahydro-2-indolinyl)carbonyl)-(s)-arginine |
| icatibant [mi] |
| l-arginine, d-arginyl-l-arginyl-l-prolyl-trans-4-hydroxy-l-prolylglycyl-3-(2-thienyl)-l-alanyl-l-seryl-d-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarbonyl-l-(2.alpha.,3a.beta.,7a.beta.)-octahydro-1h-indole-2-carbonyl- |
| icatibant [ema epar] |
| icatibant [vandf] |
| HY-17446 |
| CS-3381 |
| hoe 140, >=94% |
| hoe-140 (icatibant) |
| SCHEMBL21495177 |
| DTXSID20903963 , |
| Q902379 |
| icatibant-acetate |
| NCGC00390805-02 |
| icatibant hoe 140 |
| AT24149 |
| EN300-18166877 |
| b06ac02 |
| d-arg-(hyp3,thi5,d-tic7,oic8)bk |
| dtxcid901331902 |
| icatibantum |
| icatibanto |
| AKOS040741862 |
| firazyr |
| icatibant |
| 130308-48-4 |
| L001394 |
| SCHEMBL15992446 |
| hoe 140 acetate |
| BCP19031 |
| hoe140; hoe 140; hoe-140;icatibant acetate(138614-30-9) |
Our working hypothesis is that treatment with standard of care-plus-icatibant is effective and safe to treat patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. We treated a pregnant nC1-INH HAE patient, with no adverse effects or abnormalities, to add to the growing knowledge of icatibants use during pregnancy.
Icatibant was rapidly absorbed, with a pharmacokinetic profile consistent with previous studies. The total plasma icatibant exposure for the 30- and 90-mg doses was 6,736 ± 1,230 h · ng/mL.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " To-date, no thorough investigation of the clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of icatibant and its primary metabolites has been reported." | ( Pharmacokinetics of single and repeat doses of icatibant. Leach, JK; Mascelli, M; McCauley, TG; Spencer, K, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Icatibant was rapidly absorbed, with a pharmacokinetic profile consistent with previous studies." | ( Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of icatibant treatment in Japanese pediatric patients with hereditary angioedema: A phase 3, open-label study. Dote, N; Hide, M; Ishida, K; Miyakawa, K; Sugiura, K; Wang, Y, 2023) | 0.91 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " We wished to determine the cardioprotective actions of an aminopeptidase P inhibitor, apstatin alone and in combination with enalapril/lisinopril/ramipril in an in vivo rat model of acute ischemia (30 min) and reperfusion (4 h)." | ( Infarct size limiting effect of apstatin alone and in combination with enalapril, lisinopril and ramipril in rats with experimental myocardial infarction. Akula, A; Kota, MK; Routhu, KV; Veeravalli, KK, 2003) | 0.32 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " ACEI decreased ANG II production but also increased bradykinin bioavailability by reducing its degradation." | ( ACE inhibitor reduces growth factor receptor expression and signaling but also albuminuria through B2-kinin glomerular receptor activation in diabetic rats. Allard, J; Buléon, M; Cellier, E; Conti, M; Girolami, JP; Pecher, C; Praddaude, F; Renaud, I; Tack, I, 2007) | 0.34 |
No reports have been published to date on multiple dosing with icatibant during the first trimester of pregnancy. Kinase II inhibitor captopril or exogenous bradykinin resulted in microcirculatory stasis, extensive venular leukocyte adherence, and severe histological damage.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " The dose-response curve to acrolein was also significantly inhibited by treatment with indomethacin (10 microM) and slightly affected by Hoe 140 (1 microM)." | ( Characterization of the capsaicin-sensitive component of cyclophosphamide-induced inflammation in the rat urinary bladder. Ahluwalia, A; Giuliani, S; Lecci, A; Maggi, CA; Santicioli, P, 1994) | 0.29 |
| "0 mg per site), whereas the dose-response curves obtained by bradykinin (1-100 nmol per site), platelet-activating factor (0." | ( Involvement of bradykinin in endotoxin-induced vascular permeability increase in the skin of rats. Naraba, H; Oh-ishi, S; Tokumasu, T; Ueno, A, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " In further experiments we determined the time course and the minimal dosage required for the induction of this severe and non-invasive disease variety." | ( Characterization of a non-invasive, vascular model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Adler, G; Gress, TM; Lerch, MM; Schoenberg, MH; Turi, S; Weidenbach, H, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " Bk reduced the size of the pressor responses at relatively low concentrations (2-60 nM) but the dose-response curve was flat and the maximum inhibitory effect hardly exceeded 50 percent." | ( Comparison of the vasodilatory effects of bradykinin in isolated dog renal arteries and in buffer-perfused dog kidneys. Hadházy, P; Koltai, MZ; Malomvölgyi, B; Pogátsa, G; Tekes, K, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " Des-Arg9-bradykinin-mediated contractions were inhibited by the specific bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist des-Arg9-[Leu8]bradykinin which produced parallel shifts in the dose-response curve to the selective bradykinin B1 receptor agonist." | ( Bradykinin B1 receptors in human umbilical vein. Antúnez, P; Pérez, H; Rothlin, RP; Sardi, SP, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Kinase II inhibitor captopril or exogenous bradykinin in addition to an otherwise effective dosage of icatibant resulted in microcirculatory stasis, extensive venular leukocyte adherence, and severe histological damage." | ( Inhibition of bradykinin B2 receptor preserves microcirculation in experimental pancreatitis in rats. Bloechle, C; Izbicki, JR; Knoefel, WT; Kuehn, RM; Kusterer, K; Schneider, C, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " Hoe 140, dose-dependently shifted the dose-response curves of bradykinin to the right, whereas the bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist, des-Arg10-[Leu9]-kallidin proved ineffective." | ( Positive chronotropic activity of bradykinin in the pithed normotensive rat. Loro, JF; Pfaffendorf, M; van Zwieten, PA; Zhang, J, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " However, when animals were pre-treated with BCG, the dose-response curves for both B1 agonists were shifted 2 to 8-fold to the left." | ( Systemic treatment with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) potentiates kinin B1 receptor agonist-induced nociception and oedema formation in the formalin test in mice. Calixto, JB; de Campos, RO; Henriques, MG, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and renal blood flow (RBF) were recorded from conscious unrestrained rats while five-point cumulative dose-response curves were constructed during infusion or bolus injection of BK (5-80 microg kg(-1))." | ( Bradykinin B2-receptors mediate the pressor and renal hemodynamic effects of intravenous bradykinin in conscious rats. Hoagland, KM; Maddox, DA; Martin, DS, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " In two treatment groups, Icatibant was administered either in a low (100 nmol/kg BW; group 2, n = 10) or in a high dosage (5000 nmol/kg BW; group 3, n = 10)." | ( Bradykinin B2-receptor antagonism attenuates fatal cardiocirculatory breakdown induced by severe experimental pancreatitis. Bloechle, C; Fink, E; Gippner-Steppert, C; Izbicki, JR; Jochum, M; Knoefel, WT; Scholz, J; Treede, H; Yekebas, E, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE/kininase II) inhibitors potentiated guinea pig ileum's isotonic contractions to bradykinin (BK) and its analogues, shifting the BK dose-response curve to the left." | ( Potentiation of the effects of bradykinin on its receptor in the isolated guinea pig ileum. Erdös, EG; Igić, R; Minshall, RD; Nedumgottil, SJ; Rabito, SF, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " Disease control, quality of life, adverse events, and administered dosage per month were compared for 6 months on on-demand therapy and the following 6 months under prophylactic therapy." | ( Nanofiltrated C1-esterase-inhibitor in the prophylactic treatment of bradykinin-mediated angioedema. Bas, M; Buchberger, M; Greve, J; Hahn, J; Hajdu, Z; Hoffmann, TK; Nordmann, M; Schuler, PJ; Strassen, U, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " No reports have been published to date on multiple dosing with icatibant during the first trimester of pregnancy." | ( First report of icatibant treatment in a pregnant patient with hereditary angioedema. Farkas, H; Kőhalmi, KV; Tóth, F; Varga, L; Veszeli, N, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " FFP has limited evidence demonstrating a benefit for treatment of ACEI-induced angioedema without consistent dosing strategies." | ( Novel Therapies for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Induced Angioedema: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence. Riha, HM; Rivera, JV; Summers, BB; Van Berkel, MA, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " However, observed treatment behaviours suggest patterns of suboptimal dosing for pdC1-INH." | ( Costs and effects of on-demand treatment of hereditary angioedema in Italy: a prospective cohort study of 167 patients. Borsoi, L; Cicardi, M; Crosta, V; Federici, C; Gidaro, A; Perego, F; Tarricone, R; Zanichelli, A, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Treatment behaviours and suboptimal dosing of pdC1-INH may account for the differences, but further research is needed to define their role." | ( Costs and effects of on-demand treatment of hereditary angioedema in Italy: a prospective cohort study of 167 patients. Borsoi, L; Cicardi, M; Crosta, V; Federici, C; Gidaro, A; Perego, F; Tarricone, R; Zanichelli, A, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " We have detected an impurity with a high structural similarity to icatibant in pharmaceutical dosage forms using an optimized chromatographic method based on reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection." | ( The identification and chromatographic separation of a new highly analogous impurity of the active pharmaceutical ingredient icatibant. Fasshold, L; Goessler, W; Lajin, B; Steiner, O; Zangger, K, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " A population modeling and simulation approach was used to examine sources of variability impacting icatibant pharmacokinetics (PK) and provide guidance on icatibant dosing in pediatric patients with HAE." | ( Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure-Response Analyses to Guide Dosing of Icatibant in Pediatric Patients With Hereditary Angioedema. Jomphe, C; Marier, JF; Martin, P; Wang, Y, 2021) | 0.62 |
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| peptidomimetic | A small protein-like chain designed to mimic a peptide. |
| beta-adrenergic antagonist | An agent that binds to but does not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous beta-adrenergic agonists. beta-Adrenergic antagonists are used for treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, glaucoma, migraine headaches and anxiety. |
| bradykinin receptor antagonist | An antagonist at the bradykinin receptor. |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| oligopeptide | A peptide containing a relatively small number of amino acids. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B2 bradykinin receptor | Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig) | IC50 (µMol) | 0.0025 | 0.0011 | 2.5864 | 8.0000 | AID43134; AID43135 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 | Bos taurus (cattle) | Ki | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0438 | 0.1630 | AID43306 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 | Bos taurus (cattle) | Ki | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0438 | 0.1630 | AID43306 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 | Bos taurus (cattle) | Ki | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0453 | 0.1630 | AID43306 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 | Bos taurus (cattle) | Ki | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0453 | 0.1630 | AID43306 |
| 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 (µMol) | 0.0005 | 0.0003 | 1.3833 | 8.4000 | AID43156 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 | Bos taurus (cattle) | Ki | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0453 | 0.1630 | AID43306 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 | Bos taurus (cattle) | Ki | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0453 | 0.1630 | AID43306 |
| B2 bradykinin receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.0005 | AID43306 |
| B2 bradykinin receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 0.0019 | 0.0004 | 0.0212 | 0.2800 | AID43150; AID43152; AID43153; AID43156 |
| B2 bradykinin receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.7057 | 7.6740 | AID263934; AID43145; AID43286; AID43290 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B2 bradykinin receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 0.0003 | 0.0003 | 0.0003 | 0.0003 | AID263935 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID42982 | Binding affinity towards bradykinin receptor using [3H]BK as radioligand in guinea pig ileum | 1996 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-29, Volume: 39, Issue:7 | Bradykinin receptor antagonists containing N-substituted amino acids: in vitro and in vivo B(2) and B(1) receptor antagonist activity. |
| AID43152 | Concentration required to inhibit specific binding of [3H]BK at 1.2 nM to A-431 cells (human epidermoid carcinoma) which express Bradykinin receptor B2 by 50%. | 1998 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-08, Volume: 41, Issue:21 | A novel class of orally active non-peptide bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists. 2. Overcoming the species difference between guinea pig and man. |
| AID43129 | Concentration required to inhibit specific binding of [ 3H]BK (0.06 nM) to Bradykinin receptor B2 in guinea pig ileum membrane preparations by 50%. | 1998 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-08, Volume: 41, Issue:21 | A novel class of orally active non-peptide bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists. 3. Discovering bioisosteres of the imidazo[1,2-a] pyridine moiety. |
| AID195474 | Percent recovery was evaluated in rat | 1996 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-29, Volume: 39, Issue:7 | Bradykinin receptor antagonists containing N-substituted amino acids: in vitro and in vivo B(2) and B(1) receptor antagonist activity. |
| AID92584 | Ability of Compound (Agonist) to contract isolated human umbilical vein in presence of inhibitor. | 1999 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-07, Volume: 42, Issue:20 | Synthesis and characterization of bradykinin B(2) receptor agonists containing constrained dipeptide mimics. |
| AID43135 | In vitro antagonistic activity for Bradykinin receptor B2 by guinea pig pulmonary artery assay. | 1995 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-21, Volume: 38, Issue:15 | Technetium-99m-labeled HOE 140: a potential bradykinin B2 receptor imaging agent. |
| AID43290 | Binding affinity towards human cloned Bradykinin receptor B2 expressed in CHO cells by [3H]bradykinin displacement. | 1999 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-07, Volume: 42, Issue:20 | Synthesis and characterization of bradykinin B(2) receptor agonists containing constrained dipeptide mimics. |
| AID42999 | In vitro Bradykinin receptor B1 antagonist activity in functional tissue within rabbit aorta | 1996 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-29, Volume: 39, Issue:7 | Bradykinin receptor antagonists containing N-substituted amino acids: in vitro and in vivo B(2) and B(1) receptor antagonist activity. |
| AID79543 | pA2 value against guinea pig ileum. | 1993 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 36, Issue:10 | NMR and computational evidence that high-affinity bradykinin receptor antagonists adopt C-terminal beta-turns. |
| AID77901 | Compound tested in vivo for inhibition of Bradykinin induced Bronchoconstriction in anaesthetized guinea pig; % Inhibition at 3.2 mg/Kg p.o.; NT=Not tested | 1998 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-08, Volume: 41, Issue:21 | A novel class of orally active non-peptide bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists. 2. Overcoming the species difference between guinea pig and man. |
| AID263934 | Binding affinity to human bradykinin B2 receptor transfected in CHO cells | 2006 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 16, Issue:9 | Bradykinin antagonists modified with dipeptide mimetic beta-turn inducers. |
| AID43145 | Binding affinity towards Bradykinin receptor B2 in human S34 clone cells | 1996 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-29, Volume: 39, Issue:7 | Bradykinin receptor antagonists containing N-substituted amino acids: in vitro and in vivo B(2) and B(1) receptor antagonist activity. |
| AID196660 | Agonistic activity on rat uterus(RUT) in presence of inhibitors | 1999 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-07, Volume: 42, Issue:20 | Design and synthesis of potent bradykinin agonists containing a benzothiazepine moiety. |
| AID263935 | Antagonist activity against bradykinin B2 receptor | 2006 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 16, Issue:9 | Bradykinin antagonists modified with dipeptide mimetic beta-turn inducers. |
| AID462401 | Inhibition of bradykinin-induced Hartley guinea pig ileum contraction at 1 uM relative to control | 2010 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6 | Synthesis and bradykinin inhibitory activity of novel non-peptide compounds, and evaluation of in vivo analgesic activity. |
| AID77895 | Compound tested in vivo for inhibition of Bradykinin induced Bronchoconstriction in anaesthetized guinea pig; % Inhibition at 1 mg/Kg p.o.; NT=Not tested | 1998 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-08, Volume: 41, Issue:21 | A novel class of orally active non-peptide bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists. 2. Overcoming the species difference between guinea pig and man. |
| AID43156 | In vitro inhibitory activity towards human bradykinin receptor B2 expressed in CHO cells using [3H]BK (1.0 nM) as a radioligand | 2004 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 47, Issue:7 | A new series of highly potent non-peptide bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists incorporating the 4-heteroarylquinoline framework. Improvement of aqueous solubility and new insights into species difference. |
| AID319401 | Inhibition of rat recombinant cathepsin S-induced hyperalgesia in naive Wistar rat at 50 nmol administered 30 mins before cathepsin S challenge | 2007 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Jun-19, Volume: 104, Issue:25 | Inhibition of spinal microglial cathepsin S for the reversal of neuropathic pain. |
| AID319405 | Inhibition of rat recombinant cathepsin S-induced hyperalgesia in Wistar rat at 50 ug | 2007 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Jun-19, Volume: 104, Issue:25 | Inhibition of spinal microglial cathepsin S for the reversal of neuropathic pain. |
| AID43150 | Inhibition specific binding of [3H]BK (1.0 nM) to human Bradykinin receptor B2 which was expressed in CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells by 50%. | 1998 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-08, Volume: 41, Issue:21 | A novel class of orally active non-peptide bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists. 3. Discovering bioisosteres of the imidazo[1,2-a] pyridine moiety. |
| AID78023 | Compound was evaluated for percentage inhibition against BK-induced bronchoconstriction in anesthetized guinea pig, intravenously at a concentration of 10 mg/kg | 2004 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 47, Issue:7 | A new series of highly potent non-peptide bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists incorporating the 4-heteroarylquinoline framework. Improvement of aqueous solubility and new insights into species difference. |
| AID43134 | In vitro antagonistic activity for Bradykinin receptor B2 by guinea pig ileal membrane receptor assay. | 1995 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-21, Volume: 38, Issue:15 | Technetium-99m-labeled HOE 140: a potential bradykinin B2 receptor imaging agent. |
| AID77908 | Compound was evaluated for percentage inhibition against BK-induced bronchoconstriction in anesthetized guinea pig, intravenously at a concentration of 1 mg/kg | 2004 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 47, Issue:7 | A new series of highly potent non-peptide bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists incorporating the 4-heteroarylquinoline framework. Improvement of aqueous solubility and new insights into species difference. |
| AID24344 | In vitro stability was measured in rat kidney tissue preparation | 1996 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-29, Volume: 39, Issue:7 | Bradykinin receptor antagonists containing N-substituted amino acids: in vitro and in vivo B(2) and B(1) receptor antagonist activity. |
| AID43128 | Concentration required to inhibit specific binding of [3H]BK at 0.06 nM to Bradykinin receptor B2 in guinea pig ileum membrane preparations by 50%. | 1998 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-08, Volume: 41, Issue:21 | A novel class of orally active non-peptide bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists. 2. Overcoming the species difference between guinea pig and man. |
| AID43306 | Binding affinity against rat bradykinin B2 receptors expressed in CHO cells using [3H]bradykinin as radioligand | 1999 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-07, Volume: 42, Issue:20 | Design and synthesis of potent bradykinin agonists containing a benzothiazepine moiety. |
| AID43153 | Concentration required to inhibit specific binding of [3H]BK (1.2 nM) to A-431 cells (human epidermoid carcinoma) which express Bradykinin receptor B2 by 50%. | 1998 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-08, Volume: 41, Issue:21 | A novel class of orally active non-peptide bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists. 3. Discovering bioisosteres of the imidazo[1,2-a] pyridine moiety. |
| AID43141 | In vitro binding affinity against bradykinin receptor B2 from guinea pig ileum. | 1993 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 36, Issue:10 | NMR and computational evidence that high-affinity bradykinin receptor antagonists adopt C-terminal beta-turns. |
| AID24343 | In vitro stability was measured in porcine lung tissue preparation | 1996 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-29, Volume: 39, Issue:7 | Bradykinin receptor antagonists containing N-substituted amino acids: in vitro and in vivo B(2) and B(1) receptor antagonist activity. |
| AID24342 | In vitro stability was measured in porcine kidney tissue preparation | 1996 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-29, Volume: 39, Issue:7 | Bradykinin receptor antagonists containing N-substituted amino acids: in vitro and in vivo B(2) and B(1) receptor antagonist activity. |
| AID24166 | In vitro stability was measured in human plasma tissue preparation | 1996 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-29, Volume: 39, Issue:7 | Bradykinin receptor antagonists containing N-substituted amino acids: in vitro and in vivo B(2) and B(1) receptor antagonist activity. |
| AID92585 | Agonistic activity on human umbilical vein(HUV) in presence of inhibitors | 1999 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-07, Volume: 42, Issue:20 | Design and synthesis of potent bradykinin agonists containing a benzothiazepine moiety. |
| AID43309 | In vitro Bradykinin receptor B2 antagonist activity by using rat uterus functional assay | 1996 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-29, Volume: 39, Issue:7 | Bradykinin receptor antagonists containing N-substituted amino acids: in vitro and in vivo B(2) and B(1) receptor antagonist activity. |
| AID43286 | Binding affinity against human cloned Bradykinin receptor B2 expressed in CHO cells using [3H]-bradykinin as radioligand | 1999 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-07, Volume: 42, Issue:20 | Design and synthesis of potent bradykinin agonists containing a benzothiazepine moiety. |
| AID43136 | In vitro inhibitory activity towards bradykinin receptor B2 using [3H]BK (0.06 nM) as a radioligand in guinea pig ileum membrane preparation | 2004 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 47, Issue:7 | A new series of highly potent non-peptide bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists incorporating the 4-heteroarylquinoline framework. Improvement of aqueous solubility and new insights into species difference. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 494 (45.32) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 308 (28.26) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 245 (22.48) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 43 (3.94) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (68.63) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 0 (0.00%) | 5.53% |
| Trials | 49 (4.31%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 0 (0.00%) | 6.00% |
| Reviews | 95 (8.36%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Case Studies | 57 (5.01%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Observational | 19 (1.67%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 11 (100.00%) | 84.16% |
| Other | 917 (80.65%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Multicenter Study, Randomized, Double-blind With 2 Groups as Prove of Concept for the Treatment of ACEI Induced Angioedema With Subcutaneous Icatibant [NCT01154361] | Phase 2 | 0 participants | Interventional | Completed | |||
| I-SPY COVID TRIAL: An Adaptive Platform Trial to Reduce Mortality and Ventilator Requirements for Critically Ill Patients [NCT04488081] | Phase 2 | 1,500 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-07-31 | Recruiting | ||
| A Multicenter, Open-Label, Non-randomized Phase 3 Study to Assess the Safety, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of Subcutaneous Administration of Icatibant (TAK-667) in Japanese Children and Adolescents With Acute Attacks of Hereditary Angioedema [NCT04654351] | Phase 3 | 2 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-01-15 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Open-Label, Non-Randomized Study to Assess the Pharmacokinetics, Tolerability, and Safety of a Single Subcutaneous Administration of Icatibant in Children and Adolescents With Hereditary Angioedema [NCT01386658] | Phase 3 | 32 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-01-27 | Completed | ||
| Prospective, Randomised, Double-blind Trial of Icatibant Compared to Placebo in Patients With Early Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) Infection [NCT05407597] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 32 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2022-05-16 | Completed | ||
| Evaluation of the Effects of Bradykinin Antagonists on Pulmonary Manifestations of COVID-19 Infections (AntagoBrad-Cov Study). [NCT05010876] | Phase 2 | 44 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-02-04 | Completed | ||
| Specified Drug Use Surveillance of FIRAZYR Subcutaneous Injection 30mg Syringe for Pediatric Subjects With Hereditary Angioedema (All-Case Investigation) [NCT05509569] | 10 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2022-08-24 | Recruiting | |||
| Efficacy and Safety of Intra-articular Multiple Doses of 500 µg Icatibant Including 40 mg Triamcinolone as Calibrator in a Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Placebo-controlled 13-week Multi-centre Study in Patients With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthr [NCT00303056] | Phase 2 | 590 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-02-28 | Completed | ||
| A Phase III Randomized, Double-Blind,Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study of Icatibant for Subcutaneous Injection in Patients With Acute Attacks of Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) [NCT00912093] | Phase 3 | 98 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-07-16 | Completed | ||
| Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease [NCT03177798] | Phase 2 | 11 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-08-01 | Completed | ||
| Bradykinin Receptor Antagonism During Cardiopulmonary Bypass [NCT00223704] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 150 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Mechanism(s) Underlying Cardiovascular Effects of ARB/NEP Inhibition - Aim 2 [NCT03005184] | Phase 2 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-09-30 | Withdrawn(stopped due to Study is being redesigned and submitted as a new study.) | ||
| Open Label, Multicenter Study to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of a Self-Administered Subcutaneous Formulation of Icatibant for the Treatment of Acute Attacks of Hereditary Angioedema (IHA) [NCT01457430] | Phase 4 | 19 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-12-31 | Completed | ||
| Study of a Bradykinin Receptor Blocker in Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Associated Angioedema [NCT00517582] | Phase 1 | 13 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-09-30 | Terminated(stopped due to This study was stopped to allow initiation of a mult-center study) | ||
| Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Study Evaluating the Safety & Efficacy of Icatibant as a Treatment for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACE-I)-Induced Angioedema in Adults [NCT01919801] | Phase 3 | 118 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-12-02 | Completed | ||
| Mechanisms Underlying Hypotensive Response to ARB/NEP Inhibition - Aim 2 [NCT04113109] | Phase 4 | 80 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-11-01 | Recruiting | ||
| Randomised Double Blind, Controlled, Parallel Group, Multicentre Study of a Subcutaneous Formulation of Icatibant Versus Oral Tranexamic Acid for the Treatment of Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) [NCT00500656] | Phase 3 | 85 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-03-01 | Completed | ||
| Open Label, Multicenter Study to Evaluate Safety, Local Tolerability, Convenience, and Efficacy of a Self-Administered Subcutaneous Formulation of Icatibant for the Treatment of Acute Attacks of Hereditary Angioedema [NCT00997204] | Phase 3 | 151 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-09-25 | Completed | ||
| Randomized, Open, Multicenter Phase II Clinical Trial, Proof of Concept, to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Icatibant in Hospitalized Patients With SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) Without Assisted Ventilation Compared With Standard Care [NCT04978051] | Phase 2 | 73 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-04-12 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Bradykinin Receptor Antagonism on ACE Inhibitor-associated Angioedema - a Mulitcenter Trial [NCT01574248] | Phase 4 | 33 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-08-31 | Terminated(stopped due to DSMC recommended discontinuation for futility and feasibility) | ||
| An Open-Label Study of Icatibant in Japanese Subjects With Acute Attacks of Hereditary Angioedema. [NCT03888755] | Phase 3 | 8 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-03-18 | Completed | ||
| An Open-label, Single-arm Study to Assess the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of a Single Subcutaneous Dose of Icatibant in Healthy Japanese Volunteers [NCT02045264] | Phase 1 | 12 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-02-21 | Completed | ||
| FIRAZYR General Drug Use-Results Survey (Japan) [NCT04057131] | 304 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2019-05-09 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Prevention of Intradialytic Hypotension by Inhibiting Bradykinin B2 Receptor A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Cross Over Explorative Study [NCT05834777] | Phase 3 | 26 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-12-11 | Recruiting | ||
| Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study of a Subcutaneous Formulation of Icatibant for the Treatment of Hereditary Angioedema [NCT00097695] | Phase 3 | 84 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-12-28 | Completed | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
"This parameter assessed the time to regression (start of improvement) of observable(visible) symptoms according to the patients. Patients were asked Report date and time when you feel that your symptoms start to improve." (NCT00097695)
Timeframe: 5 days
| Intervention | Hours (Median) |
|---|---|
| Randomized -Icatibant | 0.8 |
| Randomized -Placebo | 16.9 |
The primary efficacy endpoint was TOSR assessed by the patient using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The VAS is a scale used to measure intensity of each symptom of the attack at baseline and at the pre-determined time points throughout treatment period. It consists of a horizontal 10cm line, with the 0 point corresponding to a state where patient experiences no symptoms at all and the 10cm point represents the worst symptoms ever experienced by patient. The patient indicates his/her current state of symptoms by drawing a mark across the horizontal line. TOSR was defined as the time between time of injection to time of first documented onset of symptom relief for the 3 primary symptoms: cutaneous swelling, cutaneous skin, and abdominal pain. The primary symptom was based on the type of attack. For abdominal attacks, the single primary symptom was abdominal pain. For cutaneous attacks, the single primary symptom was either skin swelling or skin pain, whichever was most severe. (NCT00097695)
Timeframe: 5 days
| Intervention | Hours (Median) |
|---|---|
| Randomized -Icatibant | 2.5 |
| Randomized -Placebo | 4.6 |
The time to almost complete symptom relief was defined as a score between 0 and 10 mm on the VAS for at least 3 consecutive measurements for all symptom. (NCT00097695)
Timeframe: 5 days
| Intervention | Hours (Median) |
|---|---|
| Randomized Control Trial-icatibant | 8.5 |
| Randomized Control Trial-placebo | 19.4 |
Interleukin-6 was measured at baseline, post-bypass and on postoperative day 1 and 2. (NCT00223704)
Timeframe: Patients were followed from the start of surgery until postoperative day 2
| Intervention | pg/ml (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Post-bypass | Postoperative day 1 | Postoperative day 2 | |
| Aminocaproic Acid Group | 6.58 | 64.65 | 161.91 | 122.88 |
| HOE 140 Group | 4.80 | 142.02 | 166.27 | 86.54 |
| Placebo Group | 4.98 | 68.8 | 118.8 | 201.5 |
D-dimer concentrations were measured at baseline, 30min and 60min of bypass, post-bypass and postoperative day 1 (NCT00223704)
Timeframe: Patients were followed from the start of surgery until postoperative day 1
| Intervention | ng/ml (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 30min of bypass | 60min of bypass | Post-bypass | Postoperative day 1 | |
| Aminocaproic Acid Group | 103.0 | 131.9 | 154.3 | 168.9 | 269.5 |
| HOE 140 Group | 88.1 | 209.0 | 363.3 | 858.5 | 337.3 |
| Placebo Group | 95.5 | 150.6 | 287.6 | 589.8 | 390.4 |
Blood product transfusion during hospitalization that included packed red blood cells, plasma, platelets and cryoprecipitate. (NCT00223704)
Timeframe: Patients were followed for the duration of hospital stay, an average of 6 days
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Received any transfusion | Received packed red blood cells | Received plasma | Received platelets | Received cryoprecipitate | |
| Aminocaproic Acid Group | 56.8 | 48.6 | 24.3 | 16.2 | 2.7 |
| HOE 140 Group | 52.5 | 47.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 5.0 |
| Placebo Group | 47.4 | 36.8 | 31.6 | 23.7 | 10.5 |
Units of plasma transfused (NCT00223704)
Timeframe: Patients were followed for the duration of hospital stay, an average of 6 days
| Intervention | units (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Group | 1.08 |
| Aminocaproic Acid Group | 0.68 |
| HOE 140 Group | 0.82 |
Units of Packed Red Blood Cells Transfused (NCT00223704)
Timeframe: Patients were followed for the duration of hospital stay, an average of 6 days
| Intervention | units (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Group | 1.97 |
| Aminocaproic Acid Group | 1.41 |
| HOE 140 Group | 1.45 |
Almost complete symptom relief was defined as a score between 0 and 10 mm on the VAS for at least three consecutive measurements for all symptoms. (NCT00500656)
Timeframe: 48 hours
| Intervention | Hours (Median) |
|---|---|
| Randomized Controlled -Icatibant | 10.0 |
| Randomized Controlled-Tranexamic Acid | 51.0 |
The primary efficacy endpoint was Time to onset of symptom relief (TOSR) following treatment with either icatibant or tranexamic acid. The median time to onset of symptom relief for the icatibant group was compared to the the median time to onset of symptom relief for the tranexamic acid group. TOSR was defined as the time between time of injection to time of first documented onset of symptom relief for the three primary symptoms: cutaneous swelling, cutaneous skin, and abdominal pain. The primary symptom was based on the type of attack. For abdominal attacks, the single primary symptom was abdominal pain. For cutaneous attacks, the single primary symptom was either skin swelling or skin pain, whichever was most severe. (NCT00500656)
Timeframe: 2 days
| Intervention | Hours (Median) |
|---|---|
| Randomized Controlled -Icatibant | 2.0 |
| Randomized Controlled-Tranexamic Acid | 12.0 |
Time to almost complete symptom relief was calculated from the time of study drug administration to almost complete symptom relief, where almost complete symptom relief was defined as the earliest of 3 consecutive non-missing measurements in which all VAS scores <10 mm. Subjects who did not achieve almost complete symptom relief within the observation period were censored at the last observation time. (NCT00912093)
Timeframe: Up to 120 Hours post treatment
| Intervention | Hours (Median) |
|---|---|
| Randomized-Icatibant (Blinded Treatment)--Non-laryngeal | 8.0 |
| Randomized-Placebo (Blinded Treatment)-Non-laryngeal | 36.0 |
Time to onset of symptom relief was calculated from study drug administration to onset of symptom relief, where onset of symptom relief was defined as the earliest of 3 consecutive measurements in which there was a 50% reduction from pretreatment in composite VAS score. Composite VAS score comprised 3 symptoms, including skin swelling, skin pain, and abdominal pain, for cutaneous and abdominal attacks and 5 symptoms, including skin swelling, skin pain, abdominal pain, difficulty swallowing, and voice change, for laryngeal attacks. Subjects who did not achieve symptom relief within the observation period were censored at the last observation time. (NCT00912093)
Timeframe: Up to 120 hours post-dose
| Intervention | Hours (Median) |
|---|---|
| Randomized-Icatibant (Blinded Treatment)--Non-laryngeal | 2.0 |
| Randomized-Placebo (Blinded Treatment)-Non-laryngeal | 19.8 |
Time to initial symptom improvement was calculated from the time of study drug administration to initial symptom improvement as determined by the subject as the time they felt symptoms were starting to improve. Subjects who did not achieve initial symptom improvement within the observation period were censored at the last observation time. (NCT00912093)
Timeframe: Up to 120 hours post-dose
| Intervention | Hours (Median) |
|---|---|
| Randomized-Icatibant (Blinded Treatment)--Non-laryngeal | 0.8 |
| Randomized-Placebo (Blinded Treatment)-Non-laryngeal | 3.5 |
Time to primary symptom relief was calculated from the time of study drug administration to the onset of primary symptom relief, where onset of primary symptom relief was determined using the subject-assessed VAS score for a single primary symptom (determined by edema location) and defined as the earliest of 3 consecutive non-missing measurements in which a pre-specified reduction from the pretreatment value was met. Subjects who did not achieve primary symptom relief within the observation period were censored at the last observation time. (NCT00912093)
Timeframe: Up to 120 hours post-dose
| Intervention | Hours (Median) |
|---|---|
| Randomized-Icatibant (Blinded Treatment)--Non-laryngeal | 1.5 |
| Randomized-Placebo (Blinded Treatment)-Non-laryngeal | 18.5 |
Time to initial symptom improvement was calculated from the time of study drug administration to initial symptom improvement as determined by the investigator as the time they felt symptoms were starting to improve. Subjects who did not achieve initial symptom improvement within the observation period were censored at the last observation time. (NCT00912093)
Timeframe: Up to 120 hours post-dose
| Intervention | Hours (Median) |
|---|---|
| Randomized-Icatibant (Blinded Treatment)--Non-laryngeal | 0.8 |
| Randomized-Placebo (Blinded Treatment)-Non-laryngeal | 3.4 |
Clinical safety of self-treatment of acute HAE attacks with s.c. injections of icatibant was assessed by calculating the number of AEs occurred during the study. Only those adverse events occurring up to the earlier of 7 days from the start of the naive phase, study discontinuation and start of the self-administration phase are assessed. The Local Tolerability Assessment tool was used. Subjects and Investigators graded erythema/reddening, swelling, burning, pruritus/itching, warm sensation, and skin pain on a 0 to 3 severity scale. (NCT00997204)
Timeframe: 7 days from the beginning of each phase
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Naive Subjects Administered Icatibant by Health Care Provider | 11 |
| Subjects Who Self-administered Icatibant (Naive) | 6 |
| Subjects Who Self-administered Icatibant (Non-naive) | 27 |
"Subjects assessed angioedema attack symptoms using the visual analogue scale (VAS) for skin pain, skin swelling and abdominal pain. The VAS is a continuous scale comprised of a 100 mm in length line, anchored by 2 verbal descriptors, one for each symptom extreme 0 (no pain) and 100 (worst pain). The respondent is asked to place a mark on the VAS line (any where between 0 and 100 mm) at the point that represents their pain intensity. The score is determined by measuring the distance (mm) on the line between the no pain anchor and the patient's mark, providing a range of scores from 0-100. A higher score indicates greater pain intensity. Score interpretation is: no pain (0-4 mm), mild pain (5-44 mm), moderate pain (45-74 mm), and severe pain (75-100 mm). Symptom relief is defined as at least a 50% reduction in a pre-dose VAS score of 30 mm or greater. The time to onset of symptom relief is defined as the first of 3 consecutive assessments at which symptom relief was observed." (NCT00997204)
Timeframe: 48 hours post-dose
| Intervention | Hours (Median) |
|---|---|
| Naive Subjects Administered Icatibant by Health Care Provider | 2.0 |
| Subjects Who Self-administered Icatibant (Naive) | 3.1 |
| Subjects Who Self-administered Icatibant (Non-naive) | 2.0 |
Time to minimum symptom was defined as the duration of time in hours from study drug administration to the earliest time post-treatment at which all symptoms were either mild or absent for the investigator-reported symptom score. The investigator used a symptom score to assess the severities of symptoms of acute cutaneous, abdominal, and laryngeal attacks of HAE using the following 5-point scale: 0=none (absence of symptoms), 1=mild (no to mild interference with daily activities), 2=moderate (moderate interference with daily activities), 3=severe (severe interference with daily activities) and 4=very severe (very severe interference with daily activities). Time to minimum symptom for participants who received subsequent icatibant administration by HCP administration or by caregiver/ self-administration was reported. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: From start of study drug administration up to 12 hours post-dose
| Intervention | h (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| Icatibant Exposure-2: Caregiver Administration | Icatibant Exposure-3: Caregiver Administration | |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal | 1.2 | 2.2 |
Area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 6 hours post-dose (AUC0-t) of a single SC dose of icatibant was reported. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: Pre-dose; 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours post-dose on Day 1
| Intervention | h*ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Prepubertal | 1289 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal: With Acute Attack | 1573 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal: Without Acute Attack | 1398 |
Area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0-inf) of a single SC dose of icatibant was reported. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: Pre-dose; 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours post-dose on Day 1
| Intervention | h*ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Prepubertal | 1243 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal: With Acute Attack | 1710 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal: Without Acute Attack | 1416 |
Elimination half-life (t1/2) of a single SC dose of icatibant was reported. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: Pre-dose; 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours post-dose on Day 1
| Intervention | h (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Prepubertal | 0.80 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal: With Acute Attack | 1.34 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal: Without Acute Attack | 0.90 |
Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of a single SC dose of icatibant was reported. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: Pre-dose; 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours post-dose on Day 1
| Intervention | Nanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Prepubertal | 659 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal: With Acute Attack | 805 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal: Without Acute Attack | 761 |
The number of participants who reported anti-icatibant antibodies were reported. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: Pre-dose up to 97 days post-dose
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Prepubertal | 0 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal | 0 |
An AE was any noxious, pathologic, or unintended change in anatomical, physiologic, or metabolic function as indicated by physical signs, symptoms, or laboratory changes occurring in a clinical study, whether or not considered investigational product related. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: From the start of study drug administration up to 97 days post-dose
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Prepubertal | 2 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal | 11 |
Clinical laboratory evaluations included clinical chemistry (including liver function tests), hematology, urinalysis. The number of participants who reported clinically significant changes in clinical laboratory evaluations were reported. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: Pre-dose up to 97 days post-dose
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Prepubertal | 0 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal | 0 |
A standard 12-lead ECG was performed after 10 minutes at rest when the participant was seated or supine following treatment. The number of participants who reported clinically significant changes in ECGs were reported. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: 6 - 8 hours post-dose on Day 1
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Prepubertal | 0 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal | 0 |
Reproductive hormone levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, and progesterone in females, and FSH, LH, and testosterone in males were measured. The number of participants with clinically significant changes in reproductive hormones was reported. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: Pre-dose up to 97 days post-dose
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Prepubertal | 0 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal | 0 |
Vital signs included pulse rate, blood pressure, respiration rate, and temperature. The number of participants who reported clinically significant changes in vital signs were reported. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: Pre-dose up to 97 days post-dose
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Prepubertal | 0 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal | 0 |
Time to minimum symptoms was defined as the duration of time in hours from study drug administration to the earliest time at which post-treatment score improved to zero (or no pain). Participants of 4 years of age and older self-assessed their HAE-related pain using the FPS-R instrument. FPS-R is a self-reported measure used to assess the intensity of children's pain and it is scored using a 0 to 10 scale (0=no pain to 10=very much pain). Time to minimum symptom for participants who received initial icatibant administration was reported. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: From start of study drug administration up to 52 hours post-dose
| Intervention | h (Median) |
|---|---|
| Prepubertal | 2.4 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal | 3.8 |
Time to minimum symptom was defined as the duration of time in hours from study drug administration to the earliest time post-treatment at which all symptoms were either mild or absent for the investigator-reported symptom score. The investigator used a symptom score to assess the severities of symptoms of acute cutaneous, abdominal, and laryngeal attacks of HAE using the following 5-point scale: 0=none (absence of symptoms), 1=mild (no to mild interference with daily activities), 2=moderate (moderate interference with daily activities), 3=severe (severe interference with daily activities) and 4=very severe (very severe interference with daily activities). Time to minimum symptom for participants who received initial icatibant administration was reported. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: From start of study drug administration up to 8.5 hours post-dose
| Intervention | h (Median) |
|---|---|
| Prepubertal | 1.9 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal | 1.0 |
The TOSR was defined as the duration of time in hours from study drug administration to the earliest time post-treatment at which there was at least a 20 percent (%) improvement in the average post-treatment symptom score with no worsening of any single component score for the initial icatibant exposure. The investigator used a symptom score to assess the severities of symptoms of acute cutaneous, abdominal, and laryngeal attacks of hereditary angioedema (HAE) using the following 5-point scale: 0=none (absence of symptoms), 1=mild (no to mild interference with daily activities), 2=moderate (moderate interference with daily activities), 3=severe (severe interference with daily activities) and 4=very severe (very severe interference with daily activities). TOSR for participants who received initial icatibant administration was reported. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: From start of study drug administration up to 8.5 hours post-dose
| Intervention | h (Median) |
|---|---|
| Prepubertal | 1.0 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal | 1.0 |
The TOSR was defined as the earliest time at which the post-treatment score improved by at least one level. Participants of 4 years age and older self-assessed their HAE-related pain using the FPS-R instrument. FPS-R is a self-reported measure used to assess the intensity of children's pain and it is scored using a 0 to 10 scale (0=no pain to 10=very much pain). TOSR for participants who received initial icatibant administration was reported. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: From start of study drug administration up to 52 hours post-dose
| Intervention | h (Median) |
|---|---|
| Prepubertal | 0.9 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal | 1.0 |
Area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 4 hours post-dose (AUC0-4) of a single SC dose of icatibant was reported. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: Pre-dose; 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, and 4 hours post-dose on Day 1
| Intervention | Hour*nanogram per milliliter (h*ng/mL) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Prepubertal | 1241 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal: With Acute Attack | 1448 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal: Without Acute Attack | 1335 |
Time to peak concentration (Tmax) of a single SC dose of icatibant was reported. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: Pre-dose; 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours post-dose on Day 1
| Intervention | Hour (h) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Prepubertal | 0.42 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal: With Acute Attack | 0.55 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal: Without Acute Attack | 0.57 |
"Rescue medication was any medication used after the administration of icatibant which, in the opinion of the investigator, was immediately necessary to alleviate acute symptoms which are judged by the investigator as resultant from the current HAE attack. Time to first use of rescue medication prior to the onset of symptom relief was calculated from the time of study drug administration to the first use of rescue medication prior to the onset of symptom relief. This analysis was not performed since as per protocol, This analysis will only be performed if there are at least 5 participants for a given attack who used rescue medication prior to attaining symptom relief." (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: From the start of study drug administration up to 52 hours post-dose
| Intervention | h (Median) |
|---|---|
| Prepubertal | NA |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal | NA |
Total plasma clearance (CL/F) of a single SC dose of icatibant was reported. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: Pre-dose; 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours post-dose on Day 1
| Intervention | Milliliters per minute (mL/min) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Prepubertal | 10.8 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal: With Acute Attack | 13.1 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal: Without Acute Attack | 19.3 |
Volume of distribution (Vz/F) of a single SC dose of icatibant was reported. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: Pre-dose; 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours post-dose on Day 1
| Intervention | Liters (L) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Prepubertal | 12.5 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal: With Acute Attack | 23.5 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal: Without Acute Attack | 25.4 |
The number of participants with injection site reactions (erythema, swelling, burning sensation, itching/pruritus, warm sensation, cutaneous pain, or other) that occured after initial icatibant administration was reported. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: 1 h post-dose on Day 1 up to 9 days post-dose
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Any Reaction | Any Severe Reaction | |
| Prepubertal | 9 | 0 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal | 20 | 2 |
The number of participants with injection site reactions (erythema, swelling, burning sensation, itching/pruritus, warm sensation, cutaneous pain, or other) that occurred after subsequent icatibant administration by study-site personnel (health care practitioner [HCP] administration) or by caregiver/self (caregiver administration) was reported. In the below table, E-2 refers to icatibant exposure 2 and E-3 refers to icatibant exposure 3. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: 1 h post-dose up to 9 days post-dose
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E-2: HCP Administration: Any Reaction | E-2: HCP Administration: Any Severe Reaction | E-2: Caregiver Administration: Any Reaction | E-2: Caregiver Administration: Any Severe Reaction | E-3: HCP Administration: Any Reaction | E-3: HCP Administration: Any Severe Reaction | E-3: Caregiver Administration: Any Reaction | E-3: Caregiver Administration: Any Severe Reaction | |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal | 1 | 0 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 1 |
The investigator used a symptom score to assess the severities of symptoms of acute cutaneous, abdominal, and laryngeal attacks of HAE using the following 5- point scale: 0=none (absence of symptoms), 1=mild (no to mild interference with daily activities), 2=moderate (moderate interference with daily activities), 3=severe (severe interference with daily activities) and 4=very severe (very severe interference with daily activities). The number of participants with a worsened severity of HAE symptoms at 4 hours post-dose from 2 hours postdose were reported. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: From 2 hours post-dose to 4 hours post-dose
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Tenderness | Nausea | Vomiting | Diarrhea | Skin Pain | Erythema | Skin Irritation | Skin Swelling | |
| Prepubertal | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
The investigator used a symptom score to assess the severities of symptoms of acute cutaneous, abdominal, and laryngeal attacks of HAE using the following 5- point scale: 0=none (absence of symptoms), 1=mild (no to mild interference with daily activities), 2=moderate (moderate interference with daily activities), 3=severe (severe interference with daily activities) and 4=very severe (very severe interference with daily activities). The number of participants with a worsened severity of HAE symptoms at 4 hours post-dose from 2 hours post-dose were reported. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: From 2 hours post-dose to 4 hours post-dose
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E-2: HCPA: Abdominal Tenderness | E-2:CA: Abdominal Tenderness | E-2: HCPA: Nausea | E-2: CA: Nausea | E-2:HCPA: Vomiting | E-2: CA: Vomiting | E-2: HCPA: Diarrhea | E-2: CA: Diarrhea | E-2: HCPA: Skin Pain | E-2: CA: Skin Pain | E-2: HCPA: Erythema | E-2: CA: Erythema | E-2: HCPA: Skin Irritation | E-2: CA: Skin Irritation | E-2: HCPA: Skin Swelling | E-2: CA: Skin Swelling | E-2: HCPA: Dysphagia | E-2: CA: Dysphagia | E-2: HCPA: Voice Change | E-2: CA: Voice Change | E-2: HCPA: Breathing Difficulties | E-2: CA: Breathing Difficulties | E-2: HCPA: Stridor | E-2: CA: Stridor | E-2: HCPA: Asphyxia | E-2:CA: Asphyxia | E-3: HCPA: Abdominal Tenderness | E-3: CA: Abdominal Tenderness | E-3: HCPA: Nausea | E-3: CA: Nausea | E-3: HCPA: Vomiting | E-3: CA: Vomiting | E-3: HCPA: Diarrhea | E-3: CA: Diarrhea | E-3: HCPA: Skin Pain | E-3: CA: Skin Pain | E-3: HCPA: Erythema | E-3: CA: Erythema | E-3: HCPA: Skin Irritation | E-3: CA: Skin Irritation | E-3: HCPA: Skin Swelling | E-3: CA: Skin Swelling | E-3: HCPA: Dysphagia | E-3: CA: Dysphagia | E-3: HCPA: Voice Change | E-3: CA: Voice Change | E-3: HCPA: Breathing Difficulties | E-3: CA: Breathing Difficulties | E-3: HCPA: Stridor | E-3: CA: Stridor | E-3: HCPA: Asphyxia | E-3: CA: Asphyxia | |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Time to minimum symptoms was defined as the duration of time in hours from study drug administration to the earliest time at which post-treatment score improved to zero (or no pain). Participants of 4 years of age and older self-assessed their HAE-related pain using the FPS-R instrument. FPS-R is a self-reported measure used to assess the intensity of children's pain and it is scored using a 0 to 10 scale (0=no pain to 10=very much pain). Time to minimum symptom for participants who received subsequent icatibant administration by HCP administration or by caregiver/ self-administration was reported. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: From start of study drug administration up to 28 hours post-dose
| Intervention | h (Median) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Icatibant Exposure-2: HCP Administration | Icatibant Exposure-2: Caregiver Administration | Icatibant Exposure-3: HCP Administration | Icatibant Exposure-3:Caregiver Administration | |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal | 3.0 | 2.1 | 5.8 | 24.0 |
The TOSR was defined as the duration of time in hours from study drug administration to the earliest time post-treatment at which there was at least a 20% improvement in the composite (or average) post-treatment symptom score with no worsening of any single component score. The investigator used a symptom score to assess the severities of symptoms of acute cutaneous, abdominal, and laryngeal attacks of HAE using the following 5-point scale: 0=none (absence of symptoms), 1=mild (no to mild interference with daily activities), 2=moderate (moderate interference with daily activities), 3=severe (severe interference with daily activities) and 4=very severe (very severe interference with daily activities). TOSR for participants who received subsequent icatibant administration by HCP administration or by caregiver/ self-administration was reported. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: From start of study drug administration up to 12 hours post-dose
| Intervention | h (Median) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Icatibant Exposure-2: HCP Administration | Icatibant Exposure-2: Caregiver Administration | Icatibant Exposure-3: HCP Administration | Icatibant Exposure-3:Caregiver Administration | |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal | 4.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 |
The TOSR was defined as the earliest time at which the post-treatment score improved by at least one level. Participants of 4 years age and older self-assessed their HAE-related pain using the FPS-R instrument. FPS-R is a self-reported measure used to assess the intensity of children's pain and it is scored using a 0 to 10 scale (0=no pain to 10=very much pain). TOSR for participants who received subsequent icatibant administration by HCP administration or by caregiver/ self-administration was reported. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: From start of study drug administration up to 28 hours post-dose
| Intervention | h (Median) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Icatibant Exposure-2: HCP Administration | Icatibant Exposure-2: Caregiver Administration | Icatibant Exposure-3: HCP Administration | Icatibant Exposure-3:Caregiver Administration | |
| Pubertal/Postpubertal | 3.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 |
The TOSR was defined as the earliest time at which a 20% improvement was seen in the total post-treatment score. Participants of 4 years age and younger underwent investigator assessment of HAE-related pain (cutaneous, abdominal, and laryngeal) using the FLACC comportmental pain scale. Each of the 5 categories was scored from 0 to 2. Face(F): 0 (no particular expression/smile) - 2 (frequent to constant frown clenched jaw quivering chin); Legs(L): 0 (normal position/relaxed) - 2 (kicking/legs drawn up); Activity(A): 0 (lying quietly, normal position, moves easily) - 2 (arched rigid/jerking); Cry(C): 0 (No cry [awake/asleep]) - 2 (crying steadily/screams/sobs or frequent complaints); Consolability(C): 0 (content/relaxed) - 2 (difficult to console/comfort), resulting in a total score between 0 and 10. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: From start of study drug administration up to 8.5 hours post-dose
| Intervention | h (Median) |
|---|---|
| Prepubertal | 1.0 |
Time to minimum symptoms was defined as the duration of time in hours from study drug administration to the earliest time at which the total post-treatment score improved to zero. Participants of 4 years age and younger underwent investigator assessment of HAE-related pain (cutaneous, abdominal, and laryngeal) using the FLACC comportmental pain scale. Each of the 5 categories was scored from 0 to 2. (F) Face: 0 (no particular expression/smile) - 2 (frequent to constant frown clenched jaw quivering chin); (L) Legs: 0 (normal position/relaxed) - 2 (kicking/legs drawn up); (A) Activity: 0 (lying quietly, normal position, moves easily) - 2 (arched rigid/jerking); (C) Cry: 0 (No cry [awake/asleep]) - 2 (crying steadily/screams/sobs or frequent complaints); (C) Consolability: 0 (content/relaxed) - 2 (difficult to console/comfort), resulting in a total score between 0 and 10. (NCT01386658)
Timeframe: From start of study drug administration up to 8.5 hours post-dose
| Intervention | h (Median) |
|---|---|
| Prepubertal | 1.0 |
Time of onset of HAE attack, time icatibant was administered, and time to complete relief of symptoms were recorded in minutes. Time to complete relief of symptoms was defined as time from onset of symptoms to complete or near complete resolution as reported by the patient. (NCT01457430)
Timeframe: Time to complete or near complete resolution of symptoms as reported by the patient, an expected average of 8-10 hours
| Intervention | minutes (Median) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant Treatment With Health Care Provider | 735 |
| Icatibant Treatment by Self Administration | 377 |
Baseline, 4 hours VAS scale ranges from 0-100 with 0 being the lowest severity and 100 being the highest severity (NCT01457430)
Timeframe: Percent Change in VAS Score from Baseline to 4 Hours
| Intervention | percent change (Median) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant Treatment With Health Care Provider | -97 |
| Icatibant Treatment by Self Administration | -96 |
(NCT01574248)
Timeframe: T0 to T48 hours
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant | 11 |
| Placebo | 16 |
(NCT01574248)
Timeframe: T0 to T48 hours
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant | 6 |
| Placebo | 6 |
(NCT01574248)
Timeframe: T0 to T48 hours
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant | 2 |
| Placebo | 1 |
Average of blood pressure measurements from zero to forty-eight hours provided. (NCT01574248)
Timeframe: T0 to T48 hours
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant | 134 |
| Placebo | 133 |
Time interval between initiation of treatment and when there is no symptom, by visual analog scale <1 cm. Data provided are for worst symptom. (NCT01574248)
Timeframe: 48 hours
| Intervention | hours (Median) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant | 36 |
| Placebo | 24 |
(NCT01574248)
Timeframe: T0 to T48 hours
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant | 0 |
| Placebo | 3 |
(NCT01574248)
Timeframe: T0 to T48 hours
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant | 11 |
| Placebo | 16 |
Number of participants with the use of conventional medications (corticosteroids, antihistamines, epinephrine) for the treatment of symptoms of the ACE-I- induced angioedema attack following study drug administration were presented. (NCT01919801)
Timeframe: Day 0 up to Day 5
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant 30 mg | 35 |
| Placebo | 35 |
Airway Intervention included intubation, tracheotomy, cricothyrotomy. (NCT01919801)
Timeframe: Day 0 up to Day 5
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant 30 mg | 1 |
| Placebo | 0 |
During laboratory evaluation, serum chemistry and hematology blood tests, and urinalysis were performed. Vital signs parameters included evaluation of pulse rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Standard 12-lead ECGs were performed and ECG recordings were read locally at the study site by a cardiologist. Physical examination was performed with examination of major body systems per routine clinical practice. (NCT01919801)
Timeframe: Day 0 to Day 5
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant 30 mg | 0 |
| Placebo | 0 |
TMDC was based on the investigator-assessed angioedema-associated upper airway symptom assessments. It was calculated from the time of study drug administration to the earliest time point at which the symptoms of difficulty breathing and difficulty swallowing were absent and the symptoms of voice change and tongue swelling were mild or absent and all subsequent assessments continued to satisfy these conditions. These symptoms were evaluated by the investigator using a 5-point grading scale (0=absent, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe, and 4=very severe). TMDC was analysed using Kaplan-Meier estimates. (NCT01919801)
Timeframe: Day 0 up to Day 5
| Intervention | days (Median) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant 30 mg | 4.03 |
| Placebo | 4.00 |
TOSR was calculated for the individual symptoms with pre-treatment scores of 2 (moderate) or more improved by at least 1 severity grade and the individual symptoms with pretreatment scores of 0 or 1 (absent or mild) were scored again at 0 or 1 and all the subsequent assessments continued to satisfy this condition. Time-to-event data were summarized using Kaplan-Meier estimates. (NCT01919801)
Timeframe: Day 0 up to Day 5
| Intervention | days (Median) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant 30 mg | 2.00 |
| Placebo | 1.55 |
Area under the plasma concentration-time curve of Icatibant and its metabolites (M1 and M2) were analyzed. A population pharmacokinetic analysis approach using sparse pharmacokinetic sampling obtained from a subset of subjects was used to evaluate exposure to icatibant. (NCT01919801)
Timeframe: 0.75 and 2 hours post-dose
| Intervention | hours*nanogram per milliliter (h*ng/mL) (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Icatibant | Metabolite M1 | Metabolite M2 | |
| Icatibant 30 mg | 2530 | 2890 | 3180 |
An adverse event (AE) was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. An serious adverse event (SAE) was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. TEAEs were defined as adverse events/serious adverse events that started or worsened after the study drug treatment. (NCT01919801)
Timeframe: From start of study drug administration (Day 0) up to follow-up (Day 5)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Participants with TEAEs | Participants with TESAEs | |
| Icatibant 30 mg | 27 | 2 |
| Placebo | 21 | 1 |
TMDC was based on the investigator-assessed angioedema-associated upper airway symptom assessments. It was calculated from the time of study drug administration to the earliest time point at which the symptoms of difficulty breathing and difficulty swallowing were absent and the symptoms of voice change and tongue swelling were mild or absent and all subsequent assessments continued to satisfy these conditions. These symptoms were evaluated by the investigator using a 5-point grading scale (0=absent, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe, and 4=very severe). TMDC was analysed using Kaplan-Meier estimates. (NCT01919801)
Timeframe: 4, 6, and 8 hours post treatment
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| At 4 hours post treatment | At 6 hours post treatment | At 8 hours post treatment | |
| Icatibant 30 mg | 55.0 | 78.3 | 91.7 |
| Placebo | 60.3 | 75.9 | 91.4 |
Number of participants with and without an occurrence of admission to the hospital (inpatient) or ICU post-treatment due to the ACE-I-induced angioedema attack were described. (NCT01919801)
Timeframe: Day 0 up to Day 5
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant 30 mg | 22 |
| Placebo | 22 |
Injection site reaction included erythema, swelling, cutaneous pain, burning sensation, itching and warm sensation (NCT01919801)
Timeframe: Day 0 to Day 5
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Erythema | Swelling | Cutaneous pain | Burning sensation | Itching | Warm sensation | |
| Icatibant 30 mg | 31 | 17 | 10 | 15 | 13 | 16 |
| Placebo | 13 | 13 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 8 |
AUCinf is the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve extrapolated from time 0 to infinity, calculated using the observed value of the last non-zero concentration. AUC can be used as a measure of drug exposure. It is derived from drug concentration and time so it gives a measure how much and how long a drug stays in a body. (NCT02045264)
Timeframe: Over 48 hours post-dose
| Intervention | ng*hr/mL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Icatibant | Metabolite 1 | Metabolite 2 | |
| Icatibant (30 mg) | 2320 | 1750 | 1960 |
AUC0-t is the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve extrapolated from time 0 to to the last quantifiable concentration. AUC can be used as a measure of drug exposure. It is derived from drug concentration and time so it gives a measure how much and how long a drug stays in a body. (NCT02045264)
Timeframe: Over 48 hours post-dose
| Intervention | ng*hr/mL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Icatibant | Metabolite 1 | Metabolite 2 | |
| Icatibant (30 mg) | 2320 | 1740 | 1950 |
(NCT02045264)
Timeframe: Over 48 hours post-dose
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1, 0.5 h | Day 1, 1 h | Day 1, 2 h | Day 1, 4 h | Day 1, 6 h | Day 1, 8 h | Day 1, 12 h | Day 2, 24 h | Day 3, 48 h | |
| Icatibant (30 mg) | -2.0 | -3.8 | -5.2 | -5.2 | -4.8 | -4.5 | -3.4 | -1.8 | -5.3 |
(NCT02045264)
Timeframe: Over 48 hours post-dose
| Intervention | beats per minute (Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1, 0.5 h | Day 1, 1 h | Day 1, 2 h | Day 1, 4 h | Day 1, 6 h | Day 1, 8 h | Day 1, 12 h | Day 2, 24 h | Day 3, 48 h | |
| Icatibant (30 mg) | 1.4 | 0.1 | -3.0 | -6.3 | -0.1 | -3.6 | -3.2 | -6.8 | -4.0 |
(NCT02045264)
Timeframe: Over 48 hours post-dose
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1, 0.5 h | Day 1, 1 h | Day 1, 2 h | Day 1, 4 h | Day 1, 6 h | Day 1, 8 h | Day 1, 12 h | Day 2, 24 h | Day 3, 48 h | |
| Icatibant (30 mg) | -1.8 | -1.9 | -5.8 | -7.3 | -4.3 | -3.0 | -4.4 | -6.2 | -6.4 |
The time it takes for the blood plasma concentration of a substance to halve. (NCT02045264)
Timeframe: Over 48 hours post-dose
| Intervention | hr (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Icatibant | Metabolite 1 | Metabolite 2 | |
| Icatibant (30 mg) | 1.77 | 3.69 | 4.11 |
Cmax is a term that refers to the maximum (or peak) concentration that a drug achieves in the body after the drug has been administrated. (NCT02045264)
Timeframe: Over 48 hours post-dose
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Icatibant | Metabolite 1 | Metabolite 2 | |
| Icatibant (30 mg) | 1190 | 340 | 365 |
(NCT02045264)
Timeframe: Over 48 hours post-dose
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Screening | Day 1, Pre-dose | Baseline | Day 1, 0.75 hours | Day 1, 8 hours | Day 2, 24 hours | Day 3, 48 hours | |
| Icatibant (30 mg) | 91.67 | 50.00 | 50.00 | 33.33 | 33.33 | 66.67 | 66.67 |
(NCT02045264)
Timeframe: Over 48 hours post-dose
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Erythema | Warm sensation | Swelling | Cutaneous pain | Itching/Pruritus | Burning sensation | |
| Icatibant (30 mg) | 100.00 | 50.00 | 91.67 | 33.33 | 8.33 | 8.33 |
Tmax is the time after administration of a drug when the maximum plasma concentration in the body is reached. (NCT02045264)
Timeframe: Over 48 hours post-dose
| Intervention | hr (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Icatibant | Metabolite 1 | Metabolite 2 | |
| Icatibant (30 mg) | 0.67 | 1.92 | 1.92 |
Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were those that started after the single dose of icatibant. (NCT02045264)
Timeframe: TEAEs were collected after the single dose of icatibant until follow up, 5-7 days after icatibant administration
| Intervention | Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant (30 mg) | 2 |
The rate at which a drug is removed from the body. (NCT02045264)
Timeframe: Over 48 hours post-dose
| Intervention | mL/hr (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant (30 mg) | 13200 |
Mitochondria function will be evaluated using 31P-MRS, which evaluates the concentration of phospho-creatine (PCr) and other phosphate-energy carrier molecules. After basal measurements, subjects will be asked to perform 90 seconds of knee extension followed by 4 minutes of rest. The exercise/rest cycle will be repeated 3 times. Magnetic resonance spectra will be used to calculate concentrations of inorganic phosphate (Pi), PCr, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The time constant tau of PCr recovery (time to achieve 66.3% maximal concentration during recovery) will be used to determine mitochondrial function. (NCT03177798)
Timeframe: Up to 2 hours after completion of drug infusion
| Intervention | seconds (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant | 60.59 |
| Placebo | 62.66 |
Blood pressure will be monitored every 15 minutes, before, during, and after hemodialysis. (NCT03177798)
Timeframe: 30 minutes before hemodialysis, during dialysis, and up to 1 hour after hemodialysis
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 30 minutes before hemodialysis | during dialysis | up to 1 hour after hemodialysis | |
| Icatibant | 123.36 | 122.5454545 | 119.09 |
| Placebo | 125.27 | 122.18 | 124.09 |
A VAS utilizes a scale consisting of a 100 mm horizontal line with extreme values at the beginning (0 mm = no symptom) and end (100 mm = worst possible symptom) of the line. The participant should draw a vertical line at the point along the scale that represents the current status of the measured symptom. Composite VAS scores was calculated as the average of VAS measurements for skin swelling, skin pain, abdominal pain, difficulty swallowing, and voice change (5-symptom composite) for laryngeal attacks and as the average of VAS measurements for skin swelling, skin pain and abdominal pain (3-symptom composite) for non-laryngeal attacks. Change from baseline in the composite VAS score was reported. (NCT03888755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2, 4 and 8 hours post-treatment
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 2 hours | 4 hours | 8 hours | |
| Icatibant | 30.78 | -19.26 | -24.57 | -29.40 |
Number of participants with injection site reactions (erythema, swelling, cutaneous pain, burning sensation, itching/pruritus, and warm sensation) were reported. (NCT03888755)
Timeframe: From start of study drug administration to follow-up (up to 10 days)
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Any Reaction | Any Severe Reaction | |
| Icatibant | 7 | 1 |
The AUC0-2 was estimated by a population PK modeling approach. The AUC0-2 of Icatibant was reported. (NCT03888755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 0.75, 2 hours post-treatment
| Intervention | Nanograms*hour per milliliter (ng•h/mL) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant | 611 |
The AUC0-4 was estimated by a population PK modeling approach. The AUC0-4 of Icatibant was reported. (NCT03888755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 0.75, 2 hours post-treatment
| Intervention | ng•h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant | 1198 |
The AUC0-6 was estimated by a population PK modeling approach. The AUC0-6 of Icatibant was reported. (NCT03888755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 0.75, 2 hours post-treatment
| Intervention | ng•h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant | 1506 |
The investigator-assessed composite symptom score was calculated as an average of abdominal tenderness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin pain, erythema, skin irritation, and skin swelling (8 symptoms) for non-laryngeal attacks and the average of abdominal tenderness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin pain, erythema, skin irritation, skin swelling, dysphagia, voice change, breathing difficulties, stridor, and asphyxia (13 symptoms) for laryngeal attacks using the following 5-point scale 0 = none (absence of symptoms); 1 = mild (no to mild interference with daily activities); 2 = moderate (moderate interference with daily activities); 3 = severe (severe interference with daily activities); 4 = very severe (very severe interference with daily activities). Here the composite SS assessed by investigator was reported. (NCT03888755)
Timeframe: 8 hours post dose
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant | 0.12 |
The Cmax was estimated by a population PK modeling approach. The Cmax of icatibant was reported. (NCT03888755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 0.75, 2 hours post-treatment
| Intervention | Nano grams per milliliter (ng/mL) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant | 405 |
Clinical laboratory tests included serum chemistry, hematology, urinalysis and coagulation were assessed. Number of participants with clinically significant changes in clinical laboratory tests were reported. (NCT03888755)
Timeframe: From start of study drug administration to follow-up (up to 10 days)
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant | 0 |
A standard 12-lead ECG was performed. The number of participants who reported clinically significant changes in ECGs were reported. (NCT03888755)
Timeframe: From start of study drug administration to follow-up (up to 10 days)
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant | 0 |
Vital signs included pulse rate, blood pressure, respiration rate, and temperature. The number of participants with clinically significant changes in vital signs were reported. (NCT03888755)
Timeframe: From start of study drug administration to follow-up (up to 10 days)
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant | 0 |
An AE was any noxious, pathologic, or unintended change in anatomical, physiologic, or metabolic function as indicated by physical signs, symptoms, or laboratory changes occurred in any phase of a clinical study, whether or not considered investigational product related. The TEAEs were defined as all AEs occurred on or after the time of study drug administration. (NCT03888755)
Timeframe: From start of study drug administration to follow-up (up to 10 days)
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant | 3 |
Time to almost complete symptom relief was calculated from the time of icatibant administration to almost complete symptom relief. Almost complete symptom relief was determined retrospectively as the earliest of three consecutive non-missing measurements for which all VAS scores < 10 mm. A VAS utilizes a scale consisting of a 100 millimeter (mm) horizontal line with extreme values at the beginning (0 mm = no symptom) and end (100 mm = worst possible symptom) of the line. The participant should draw a vertical line at the point along the scale that represents the current status of the measured symptom. (NCT03888755)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 120 hours post-treatment
| Intervention | H (Median) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant | 5.98 |
Time to initial symptom improvement was evaluated by the investigator; each were asked to record the time at which they perceived initial improvement of symptoms. Time to initial symptom improvement was calculated from the time of icatibant administration to the time reported by the investigator of initial improvement of symptoms. (NCT03888755)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 120 hours post-treatment
| Intervention | H (Median) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant | 0.98 |
Time to initial symptom improvement was evaluated by the participants; each were asked to record the time at which they perceived initial improvement of symptoms. Time to initial symptom improvement was calculated from the time of icatibant administration to the time reported by the participant of initial improvement of symptoms. (NCT03888755)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 120 hours post-treatment
| Intervention | h (Median) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant | 1.04 |
Primary symptom relief was based on the participant-assessed VAS score for a single primary symptom (determined by edema location) and corresponds to a reduction by 31 mm at a pretreatment VAS of 100 mm and by 21 mm at a pretreatment VAS of 30 mm. If the primary symptom pretreatment VAS less than (<) 30 mm, then primary symptom relief was defined as 68% reduction from pretreatment. A VAS utilizes a scale consisting of a 100 millimeter (mm) horizontal line with extreme values at the beginning (0 mm = no symptom) and end (100 mm = worst possible symptom) of the line. The TOSR-P was calculated from the time of icatibant administration to the onset of primary symptom relief. (NCT03888755)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 120 hours post-treatment
| Intervention | Hours (Median) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant | 1.07 |
The TOSR was defined as a 50 percent (%) reduction from the pre-treatment score in the 3-symptom composite VAS score for non-laryngeal attacks and 5-symptom composite VAS score for laryngeal attacks. A VAS utilizes a scale consisting of a 100 millimeter (mm) horizontal line with extreme values at the beginning (0 mm = no symptom) and end (100 mm = worst possible symptom) of the line. The participant should draw a vertical line at the point along the scale that represents the current status of the measured symptom. Composite VAS scores were calculated as the average of VAS measurements for skin swelling, skin pain, and abdominal pain (3-symptom composite) for non-laryngeal attacks and for skin swelling, skin pain, abdominal pain, difficulty swallowing, and voice change (5-symptom composite) for laryngeal attacks. (NCT03888755)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 120 hours post-treatment
| Intervention | Hours (Median) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant | 1.75 |
The participant-assessed composite symptom score was calculated as an average of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin pain, erythema, skin irritation, and skin swelling (8 symptoms) for non-laryngeal attacks and the average of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin pain, erythema,skin irritation, skin swelling, dysphagia and voice change (10 symptoms) for laryngeal attacks using the following 5-point scale 0 = none (absence of symptoms); 1 = mild (no to mild interference with daily activities); 2 = moderate (moderate interference with daily activities); 3 = severe (severe interference with daily activities); 4 = very severe (very severe interference with daily activities). Here the composite SS assessed by participant was reported. (NCT03888755)
Timeframe: 8 hours post dose
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Icatibant | 0.14 |
"The investigator was made a global assessment (that is [i.e.] consideration of all abdominal symptoms combined, all cutaneous symptoms combined and/or all laryngeal symptoms combined) using the following 5-point scale, where the symptoms were scored from 0 for absence of symptoms to 4 for very severe: 0 = none (absence of symptoms); 1 = mild (no to mild interference with daily activities); 2 = moderate (moderate interference with daily activities); 3 = severe (severe interference with daily activities); 4 = very severe (very severe interference with daily activities)." (NCT03888755)
Timeframe: 2, 4 and 8 hours post dose
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cutaneous Symptoms: 2 hours (h) post dose | Cutaneous Symptoms: 4 h post dose | Cutaneous Symptoms: 8 h post dose | Abdominal Symptoms: 2 h post dose | Abdominal Symptoms: 4 h post dose | Abdominal Symptoms: 8 h post dose | Laryngeal Symptoms: 2 h post dose | Laryngeal Symptoms: 4 h post dose | Laryngeal Symptoms: 8 h post dose | |
| Icatibant | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
(NCT04654351)
Timeframe: Day 1 pre-dose and at multiple timepoints post-dose
| Intervention | ug/l (Median) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (pre-dose) | 0.5 hours postdose | 1 hour postdose | 2 hours postdose | 4 hours postdose | |
| TAK-667 10-30 mg | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
An AE means any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product; the untoward medical occurrence does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal (investigational) product whether or not it is related to the medicinal product. A TEAE was defined as any AE occurring after the start of Icatibant administration of the Treatment Period. Blood samples were collected to assess follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, and progesterone in females, and FSH, LH, and testosterone in males. (NCT04654351)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 6 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| TAK-667 10-30 mg | 0 |
Time to initial symptom improvement reported by participant, defined as the duration of time in hours from icatibant administration until the time when overall participant improvement was first noted by participant, participant's parent or participant's legal guardian. (NCT04654351)
Timeframe: Up to 8 hours post dose (or till the onset of HAE attacks were resolved)
| Intervention | hours (Median) |
|---|---|
| TAK-667 10-30 mg | NA |
Time to initial symptom improvement reported by investigator, was defined as the duration of time in hours from icatibant administration until the time when overall participant improvement was first noted by investigator. (NCT04654351)
Timeframe: Up to 8 hours post dose (or till the onset of HAE attacks were resolved)
| Intervention | hours (Median) |
|---|---|
| TAK-667 10-30 mg | NA |
Investigator-rated symptom score was used for assessment and scoring of cutaneous, abdominal, and laryngeal symptoms of acute HAE attacks related to daily activities. The score ranged from 0 to 4 and each number of scores means following; 0 = none; absence of symptoms, 1 = mild (no to mild interference with daily activities), 2 = moderate (moderate interference with daily activities), 3 = severe (severe interference with daily activities), 4 = very severe (very severe interference with daily activities). (NCT04654351)
Timeframe: From 2 hours post-dose to 4 hours post-dose
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| TAK-667 10-30 mg | 0 |
Injection sites were examined for erythema, swelling, cutaneous pain, burning sensation, itching/pruritus, and warm sensation. Data for injection site reactions were collected separately from general reports of AEs. As pre-defined in the protocol, an injection site reaction not meeting SAE criteria was not required to be reported additionally as an AE. (NCT04654351)
Timeframe: Postdose, up to Day 8
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| TAK-667 10-30 mg | 2 |
Rescue medication included therapies for HAE used for HAE attack and symptomatic treatment used in order to improve symptoms of angioedema (eg, pain and nausea). (NCT04654351)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 6 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| TAK-667 10-30 mg | 0 |
Serum samples for immunogenicity testing were collected for determination of anti-icatibant antibodies. If hypersensitivity was observed, it was reported as an AEs of special interest. An AE means any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product; the untoward medical occurrence does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal (investigational) product whether or not it is related to the medicinal product. (NCT04654351)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 6 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| TAK-667 10-30 mg | 0 |
An adverse event (AE) means any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product; the untoward medical occurrence does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal (investigational) product whether or not it is related to the medicinal product. A treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) was defined as any adverse event occurring after the start of Icatibant administration of the treatment period. (NCT04654351)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 6 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| TAK-667 10-30 mg | 0 |
An AE means any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product; the untoward medical occurrence does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal (investigational) product whether or not it is related to the medicinal product. A TEAE was defined as any AE occurring after the start of Icatibant administration of the Treatment Period. Vital signs included body temperature (oral), sitting blood pressure (after 5 minutes resting), respiration rate and pulse (beats per minute [bpm]). (NCT04654351)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 6 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| TAK-667 10-30 mg | 0 |
An AE means any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product; the untoward medical occurrence does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal (investigational) product whether or not it is related to the medicinal product. A TEAE was defined as any AE occurring after the start of Icatibant administration of the Treatment Period. A resting 12-lead ECG was recorded and reported for participants shifts from within normal limits at baseline to abnormal, but not clinically significant, or abnormal and clinically significant after study drug administration. (NCT04654351)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 6 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| TAK-667 10-30 mg | 0 |
An AE means any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product; the untoward medical occurrence does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal (investigational) product whether or not it is related to the medicinal product. A TEAE was defined as any AE occurring after the start of Icatibant administration of the Treatment Period. The laboratory parameters included hematology, serum chemistries, and urinalysis. (NCT04654351)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 6 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| TAK-667 10-30 mg | 0 |
The time to onset of symptom relief, defined as the duration of time in hours from the time of icatibant administration to the earliest time at which the post-treatment score improved by at least 1 level. Participants of 4 years age and older self-assessed their HAE-related pain using the FPS-R instrument. FPS-R is a self-reported measure used to assess the intensity of children's pain and it is scored using a 0 to 10 scale (0=no pain to 10=very much pain). (NCT04654351)
Timeframe: Baseline, and post dose on Day 1
| Intervention | hours (Median) |
|---|---|
| TAK-667 10-30 mg | NA |
The time to onset of symptom relief, defined as the duration of time in hours from the time of icatibant administration to the earliest time at which at least a 20% improvement is observed in the average post-treatment score with no worsening of any single component score. Investigator-rated symptom score was used for assessment and scoring of cutaneous, abdominal, and laryngeal symptoms of acute HAE attacks related to daily activities. The score ranged from 0 to 4 and each number of scores meant the following: 0 = none; absence of symptoms, 1 = mild (no to mild interference with daily activities), 2 = moderate (moderate interference with daily activities), 3 = severe (severe interference with daily activities), 4 = very severe (very severe interference with daily activities). (NCT04654351)
Timeframe: Baseline, and post dose on Day 1
| Intervention | hours (Median) |
|---|---|
| TAK-667 10-30 mg | NA |
(NCT04654351)
Timeframe: Day 1 pre-dose and at multiple timepoints post-dose
| Intervention | ug/l (Median) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (pre-dose) | 0.5 hours postdose | 1 hour postdose | 2 hours postdose | 4 hours postdose | |
| TAK-667 10-30 mg | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
(NCT04654351)
Timeframe: Day 1 pre-dose and at multiple timepoints post-dose
| Intervention | ug/l (Median) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (pre-dose) | 0.5 hours postdose | 1 hour postdose | 2 hours postdose | 4 hours postdose | |
| TAK-667 10-30 mg | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bradykinin [no description available] | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | oligopeptide | human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| fr 173657 FR 173657: structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| rmp 7 RMP 7: a synthetic bradykinin analog; selectively increases uptake of molecular tracers in RG2 glial tumors | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent |
| adenine [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor |
| beta-alanine [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid | agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter |
| citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | tricarboxylic acid | antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
| chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic chlorine | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
| hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride | mouse metabolite |
| gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid. | 2 | 1 | 0 | trihydroxybenzoic acid | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator. | 5.86 | 2 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid | antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite |
| lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite |
| formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | aldehyde; one-carbon compound | allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | carbon oxoanion | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| histamine [no description available] | 11.44 | 13 | 1 | aralkylamino compound; imidazoles | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| croton oil [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-hexosamine | |
| nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical. | 3.7 | 10 | 0 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | |
| nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 3.7 | 10 | 0 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | human metabolite |
| palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid. | 2 | 1 | 0 | long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid | antifungal drug |
| taurine [no description available] | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion | antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | uric acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | phenols; tertiary amino compound; tetralins | serotonergic antagonist |
| 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid | fluorescent probe |
| n-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine: structure in first source. N-[3-(aminomethyl)benzyl]acetamidine : An aralkylamine that is Nbenzylacetamidine substituted at position 3 on the benzene ring by an aminomethyl group. An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aralkylamine; carboxamidine; primary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
| 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate: is a novel membrane-penetrable modulator and transient receptor potential channel blocker; structure in first source; do not confuse with 2-APB cpd. 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane : An organoboron compound that is diphenylborane in which the borane hydrogen is replaced by a 2-aminoethoxy group. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | organoboron compound; primary amino compound | calcium channel blocker; IP3 receptor antagonist; potassium channel opener |
| 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin : A member of the class of isocoumarins that is isocoumarin substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 4. It is a serine protease inhibitor. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | isocoumarins; organochlorine compound | geroprotector; serine protease inhibitor |
| n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5. | 2.58 | 2 | 0 | amphetamines; benzodioxoles | neurotoxin |
| 5-hydroxydecanoate 5-hydroxydecanoic acid: Potassium Channel Blocker; RN refers to parent cpd | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | medium-chain fatty acid | |
| 7-nitroindazole 7-nitroindazole: an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; exhibits anti-nociceptive activity without increasing blood pressure | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| tyrphostin a23 tyrphostin A23: inhibits EGF-stimulated thymidine incorporation as well as EGF-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation & tyrosine phosphorylation & cell proliferation; structure given in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | catechols | |
| albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| am 251 AM 251: an analog of SR141716A; structure given in first source. AM-251 : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. An antagonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; organoiodine compound; pyrazoles | antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; CB1 receptor antagonist |
| pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide. | 2 | 1 | 0 | guanidines; one-carbon compound | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor |
| p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow. | 4.09 | 3 | 1 | N-acylglycine | Daphnia magna metabolite |
| amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| acetovanillone apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | acetophenones; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone | antirheumatic drug; EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug; plant metabolite |
| aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates | anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent |
| atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic |
| bepridil Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | pyrrolidines; tertiary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane: aromatic diamidine which has a significant suppressive effect on the cytopathology & yield of respiratory synctial (RS) virus; RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bisindolylmaleimide i bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound | |
| candesartan cilexetil candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | biphenyls | |
| candesartan candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension. | 5.34 | 13 | 1 | benzimidazolecarboxylic acid; biphenylyltetrazole | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| celecoxib [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| chelerythrine chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae. | 3.63 | 3 | 0 | benzophenanthridine alkaloid; organic cation | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor |
| chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | clonidine; imidazoline | |
| phenylalanyl-cyclo(cysteinyltyrosyl-tryptophyl-ornithyl-threonyl-penicillamine)threoninamide phenylalanyl-cyclo(cysteinyltyrosyl-tryptophyl-ornithyl-threonyl-penicillamine)threoninamide: cyclic somatostatin octapeptide analog with high affinity & selectivity toward mu opioid receptors | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| cyproheptadine Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | piperidines; tertiary amine | anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; gastrointestinal drug; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| deferiprone Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia. | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | 4-pyridones | iron chelator; protective agent |
| diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ether; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative |
| thiorphan Thiorphan: A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced ANALGESIA and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms. | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent |
| ebselen ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase. | 2 | 1 | 0 | benzoselenazole | anti-inflammatory drug; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor; enzyme mimic; ferroptosis inhibitor; genotoxin; hepatoprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger |
| fenoldopam Fenoldopam: A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | benzazepine | alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; dopamine agonist; dopaminergic antagonist; vasodilator agent |
| berotek Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent |
| furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure. | 5.54 | 6 | 1 | chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide | environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic |
| gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea | anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent |
| guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | azocanes; guanidines | adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent |
| hexamethonium Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool. | 3.33 | 2 | 0 | quaternary ammonium salt | |
| hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines | antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent |
| hydroxyurea [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; ureas | antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent |
| hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine | anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist |
| ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic |
| indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis. | 7.07 | 79 | 1 | aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole | analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic |
| avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine | |
| isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
| ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist |
| ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| ketotifen Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | cyclic ketone; olefinic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound | anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist |
| kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid | G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | |
| lorglumide lorglumide: RN given refers to (+-)-isomer. lorglumide : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-lorglumide.. N(2)-(3,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-N,N-dipentyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-(3,4-dichlorobenzoyl)glutamic acid with the amino group of dipentylamine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; dichlorobenzene; glutamic acid derivative | |
| losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position | 9.32 | 54 | 3 | biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles | angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist |
| 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound | autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
| meclizine Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound | analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| methiothepin Methiothepin: A serotonin receptor antagonist in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM used as an antipsychotic.. methiothepin : A dibenzothiepine that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepine bearing additional methylthio and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 10 respectively. Potent 5-HT2 antagonist, also active as 5-HT1 antagonist. Differentiates 5-HT1D sub-types. Also displays affinity for rodent 5-HT5B, 5-HT5A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT6 receptors (pK1 values are 6.6, 7.0, 8.4 and 8.7 respectively). | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; dibenzothiepine; N-alkylpiperazine; tertiary amino compound | antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist |
| minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound | |
| molsidomine Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion | antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| n-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide: calmodulin antagonist; structure given in first source. N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide : A sulfonamide that is 5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide in which one of the hydrogens of the nitrogen atom is substituted by a 4-aminobutyl group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes; organochlorine compound; primary amino compound; sulfonamide | |
| ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | maleimides | anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor |
| nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent |
| nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | nitroglycerol | explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid: structure given in first source; chloride channel antagonist | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | nitrobenzoic acid | |
| n-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide: structure given in first source. NS-398 : A C-nitro compound that is N-methylsulfonyl-4-nitroaniline bearing an additional cyclohexyloxy substituent at position 2. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide | antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor |
| oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease). | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound | drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin |
| pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone | EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
| phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| phenyl biguanide phenyl biguanide: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenyl biguanide : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a phenyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | guanidines | central nervous system drug |
| potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt | fertilizer |
| ono 1078 pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | chromones | |
| prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
| proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| proglumide Proglumide: A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers.. proglumide : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-proglumide. A non-selective CCK antagonist that was used primarily for treatment of stomach ulcers, but has been replaced by newer drugs.. N(2)-benzoyl-N,N-dipropyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-benzoylglutamic acid with dippropylamine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; glutamine derivative; racemate | anti-ulcer drug; cholecystokinin antagonist; cholinergic antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; drug metabolite; gastrointestinal drug; opioid analgesic; xenobiotic metabolite |
| propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion | fluorochrome; intercalator |
| propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3. | 3.11 | 5 | 0 | naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group. | 3.61 | 9 | 0 | aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative | H1-receptor antagonist |
| riluzole Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | benzothiazoles | |
| ro 31-8220 Ro 31-8220: a protein kinase C inhibitor | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | imidothiocarbamic ester; indoles; maleimides | EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor |
| linsidomine linsidomine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2 | 1 | 0 | morpholines | |
| sodium iodide Sodium Iodide: A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.. sodium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt; iodide salt | |
| tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90) | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
| 8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate: intracellular calcium antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2 | 1 | 0 | trihydroxybenzoic acid | |
| tranexamic acid Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage. | 11.26 | 15 | 4 | amino acid | |
| tyramine [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines | EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| urethane [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | carbamate ester | fungal metabolite; mutagen |
| w 7 W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| corticosterone [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone. | 6.3 | 4 | 2 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic |
| phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent |
| hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | ammonium salt; carbamate ester | cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic |
| spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester | aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| aldosterone [no description available] | 5.21 | 4 | 1 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine | antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen |
| oxandrolone Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; oxa-steroid | anabolic agent; androgen |
| penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope |
| pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | pilocarpine | antiglaucoma drug |
| isoflurophate Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | dialkyl phosphate | |
| biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | guanidines | |
| alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite |
| serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. | 3.87 | 12 | 0 | phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid | anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector |
| tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine | EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties. | 3.26 | 6 | 0 | organic chloride salt | acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer |
| methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116) | 4.3 | 4 | 1 | quaternary ammonium salt | |
| methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. | 2.92 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. | 3.62 | 3 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE | 3.6 | 9 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid | chelator |
| chlorisondamine Chlorisondamine: A nicotinic antagonist used primarily as a ganglionic blocker in animal research. It has been used as an antihypertensive agent but has been supplanted by more specific drugs in most clinical applications. | 2 | 1 | 0 | isoindoles | |
| ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5. | 3.65 | 9 | 0 | non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine | algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite |
| dinitrofluorobenzene Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; organofluorine compound | agrochemical; allergen; chromatographic reagent; EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor; protein-sequencing agent; spectrophotometric reagent |
| histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. | 2 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine. | 5.46 | 8 | 2 | L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. | 5.03 | 41 | 0 | arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; piperidines | anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug |
| tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424) | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | primary amino compound; triol | buffer |
| 3-mercaptopropionic acid 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.. 3-mercaptopropanoic acid : A mercaptopropanoic acid that is propanoic acid carrying a sulfanyl group at position 3. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | mercaptopropanoic acid | algal metabolite |
| taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate | human metabolite |
| methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone. | 3.85 | 2 | 1 | 6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic |
| rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones | antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin |
| quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene | |
| phenidone phenidone: photographic developer; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| quinuclidines Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group. | 4.71 | 11 | 0 | quinuclidines; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent | |
| acrolein [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | enal | herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin |
| pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | pyrrole; secondary amine | |
| thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring. | 4.06 | 4 | 0 | mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| ergotamine Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10. | 2 | 1 | 0 | peptide ergot alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic agonist; mycotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; oxytocic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent |
| framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aminoglycoside | allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite |
| yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| 3-o-methylglucose 3-O-Methylglucose: A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504). 3-O-methyl-D-glucose : A D-aldohexose that is D-glucose in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group at position 3 has been substituted by a methyl group. It is a non-metabolisable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase and is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | D-aldohexose derivative | |
| copper phthalocyanine copper phthalocyanine: structure. copper(II) phthalocyanine : A metallophthalocyanine that is copper(2+) forming a coordination complex with phthalocyanine. It is a synthetic blue pigment which is used as a colorant in paints and dyes. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| diphenhydramine hydrochloride Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine. | 2 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride; organoammonium salt | anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; sedative |
| quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines | |
| indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | indazole | |
| adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon. | 3.8 | 2 | 1 | adamantanes; polycyclic alkane | |
| thiazoles [no description available] | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| triphenyltetrazolium triphenyltetrazolium: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium : An organic cation that is tetrazole carrying three phenyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | organic cation | |
| muscarine Muscarine: A toxic alkaloid found in Amanita muscaria (fly fungus) and other fungi of the Inocybe species. It is the first parasympathomimetic substance ever studied and causes profound parasympathetic activation that may end in convulsions and death. The specific antidote is atropine. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | monosaccharide | |
| hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | azane; hydrazines | EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor |
| evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence. | 3.79 | 11 | 0 | organic sodium salt | fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent |
| methysergide Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | ergoline alkaloid | |
| phenylbenzoquinone phenylbenzoquinone: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| citrulline citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; citrulline | Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; protective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| ninhydrin Ninhydrin: 2,2-Dihydroxy-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione. Reagent toxic to skin and mucus membranes. It is used in chemical assay for peptide bonds, i.e., protein determinations and has radiosensitizing properties.. ninhydrin : A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; beta-diketone; indanones; ketone hydrate | colour indicator; human metabolite |
| kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose. | 2 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid | antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist |
| thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | thiazolidine | |
| malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | dialdehyde | biomarker |
| trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound | epitope; explosive; reagent |
| acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary |
| dibutyldichlorotin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tetrabutylammonium tetrabutylammonium: lipophilic probe; RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
| amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. | 2 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines | diuretic; sodium channel blocker |
| sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur Hexafluoride: Sulfur hexafluoride. An inert gas used mainly as a test gas in respiratory physiology. Other uses include its injection in vitreoretinal surgery to restore the vitreous chamber and as a tracer in monitoring the dispersion and deposition of air pollutants.. sulfur hexafluoride : A sulfur coordination entity consisting of six fluorine atoms attached to a central sulfur atom. It is the most potent greenhouse gas currently known, with a global warming potential of 23,900 times that of CO2 over a 100 year period (SF6 has an estimated lifetime in the atmosphere of between 800 and 3,000 years). | 3.43 | 1 | 1 | sulfur coordination entity | greenhouse gas; NMR chemical shift reference compound; ultrasound contrast agent |
| fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | fluorescein isothiocyanate | |
| tranylcypromine Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine | |
| helenalin helenalin: toxic principle of Helenium microcephalum (smallhead sneezeweed); structure. helenalin : A sesquiterpene lactone that is 3,3a,4,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 4a and 8 and a methylidene group at position 3 (the 3aS,4S,4aR,7aR,8R,9aR stereoisomer).. NF-kappaB inhibitor : An inhibitor of NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), a protein complex involved in the transcription of DNA. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; gamma-lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol; sesquiterpene lactone | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite; plant metabolite |
| lanthanum [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom | |
| silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | copper group element atom; elemental silver | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| stanozolol Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes. | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol | anabolic agent; androgen |
| 2-(4-chlorophenylthio)triethylamine 2-(4-chlorophenylthio)triethylamine: causes accumulation of lycopene at expense of other carotenoids in carotenogenic tissues; RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| clemastine Clemastine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.. clemastine : 2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions. | 6.7 | 4 | 3 | monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpyrrolidine | anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist |
| tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator |
| danazol Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders. | 5.78 | 8 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | anti-estrogen; estrogen antagonist; geroprotector |
| phosphotyrosine Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O(4)-phosphotyrosine | Escherichia coli metabolite; immunogen |
| phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | benzenes; phenyl acetates | |
| glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical |
| paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL). | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid | antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent |
| substance p [no description available] | 11.74 | 22 | 1 | peptide | neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent |
| phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | butyrate ester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
| diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension. | 7.2 | 89 | 1 | alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor |
| captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug. | 8.84 | 66 | 2 | alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| atracurium Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | diester; quaternary ammonium ion | muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist |
| colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol | adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist |
| dazoxiben dazoxiben: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | ||
| quinapril Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 3.51 | 8 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound | abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| moexiprilat moexiprilat: RN given refers to (3S-(2(R*(R*)),3R*))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 6/89; structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cilazapril, anhydrous Cilazapril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors) used for hypertension. It is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed after absorption to its main metabolite cilazaprilat.. cilazapril : A pyridazinodiazepine resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of cilazaprilat with ethanol. It is a drug used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; pyridazinodiazepine | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | ||
| zileuton [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzothiophenes; ureas | anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| bromfenac bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amino acid; benzophenones; organobromine compound; substituted aniline | non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity. | 5.46 | 8 | 2 | biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | 3.8 | 3 | 0 | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| fosinoprilat fosinoprilat: active phosphinic acid metabolite of prodrug fosenopril, which is activated by esterases in vivo; structure given in first source; binds zinc with phosphinic acid group. fosinoprilat : A phosphinic acid-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), it is used as the phosphinate ester pro-drug fosinopril for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | L-proline derivative; phosphinic acids | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | D-glucopyranose | epitope; mouse metabolite |
| cilazaprilat cilazaprilat: InChIKey: UVAUYSRYXACKSC-ULQDDVLXSA-N | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
| diphenylcyclopropenone diphenylcyclopropenone: strong contact sensitizer; a photosensitizing agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. diphenylcyclopropenone : A cyclopropenone compound having phenyl substituents at the 2- and 3-positions. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropenone | drug allergen; hapten; photosensitizing agent |
| peroxynitric acid [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | nitrogen oxoacid | |
| web 2086 WEB 2086: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound | |
| telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension. | 2 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | 1,2,3-triazole | |
| isocoumarins Isocoumarins: Compounds that differ from COUMARINS in having the positions of the ring and ketone oxygens reversed so the keto oxygen is at the 1-position of the molecule.. isocoumarin : The simplest member of the class of isocoumarins that is 1H-isochromene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | isocoumarins | |
| n-methylscopolamine N-Methylscopolamine: A muscarinic antagonist used to study binding characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| masoprocol Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | nordihydroguaiaretic acid | antineoplastic agent; hypoglycemic agent; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite |
| alacepril [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide; thioacetate ester | EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| perindoprilat perindoprilat : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of N-[(1S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-norvaline with the amino group of (2S,3aS,7aS)-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid. The major active metabolite of perindopril. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide; L-alanine derivative; organic heterobicyclic compound | antihypertensive agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| 4-o-methyl-12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| leupeptin [no description available] | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | aldehyde; tripeptide | bacterial metabolite; calpain inhibitor; cathepsin B inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor |
| tes 2-((1,3-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-2-yl)amino)ethanesulfonic acid: structure in first source. N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 7.5 at 20 degreeC. | 2 | 1 | 0 | amino sulfonic acid; ethanolamines; TES | |
| nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic |
| moexipril [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | peptide | |
| zofenopril zofenopril: structure given in first source; SQ 26900 refers to K salt & SQ 26991 to Ca salt. zofenopril : A proline derivative that is 4-(phenylsulfanyl)-L-proline in which the amine proton is replaced by a (2S)-3-(benzoylsulfanyl)-2-methylpropanoyl group. A prodrug for zofenoprilat. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; L-proline derivative; N-acyl-L-amino acid; thioester | anticonvulsant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug; vasodilator agent |
| arginine methyl ester arginine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | 2 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid ester | |
| glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phorbolol myristate acetate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | cobalt group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
| p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; secondary amino compound | metabolite |
| 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid | chelator |
| u 73122 1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C. | 3.28 | 6 | 0 | aromatic ether; aza-steroid; maleimides | EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor |
| cp 96345 CP 96345: structure given in first source; potent nonpeptide antagonist of the substance P (NK1) receptor; CP 96344 is enantiomer of CP 96345 | 3.37 | 7 | 0 | ||
| 1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1h-imidazole 1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1H-imidazole: inhibits platelet aggregation & Ca2+ entry into platelets. SKF-96365 free base : An ether that is 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been substituted by a 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ether; imidazoles; monomethoxybenzene | TRP channel blocker |
| sr 48968 SR 48968: structure given in first source; neurokinin A antagonist; tachykinin receptor antagonist; SR 48965 is the inactive R-enantiomer of SR 48968 | 3.5 | 8 | 0 | ||
| fluoromethyl 2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl ether fluoromethyl 2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl ether: structure CF2=C(CF3)OCH2F; a vinyl ether | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound | |
| bradykinin, des-arg(9)- bradykinin, des-Arg(9)-: RN given refers to parent cpd | 5.35 | 56 | 0 | oligopeptide | bradykinin receptor B2 agonist |
| fluorocitrate fluorocitrate: competitve inhibitor of aconitase; effects morphology of kidney tubules in fluorocitrate poisoning; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | carbonyl compound | |
| 7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one 7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one: structure given in first source; RP 68651 is the inactive (3aS,7aS)-isomer; substance P antagonist | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
| racecadotril racecadotril: parenterally active enkephalinase inhibitor | 2 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| perindopril Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline | 3.37 | 7 | 0 | alpha-amino acid ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| fk 888 FK 888: structure given in first source; a potent NK(1) receptor antagonist | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | peptide | |
| s-methylthiocitrulline S-methylthiocitrulline: a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; structure in first source. S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline : An L-arginine derivative in which the guanidino NH2 group of L-arginine is replaced by a methylsufanyl group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | imidothiocarbamic ester; L-arginine derivative; L-ornithine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent |
| quinaprilat quinaprilat: metabolite of quinapril. quinaprilat : A dicarboxylic acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group of quinapril to give the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. The active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) of the prodrug quinapril. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| kt 5823 KT 5823: indolocarbazole; activates human neutrophils & fails to inhibit cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation of vimentin. KT 5823 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of methyl (3R)-3-methoxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2S,3R,5R product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1-methyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | gamma-lactam; hemiaminal; indolocarbazole; methyl ester; organic heterooctacyclic compound | EC 2.7.11.12 (cGMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor |
| 1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis. | 5.54 | 9 | 2 | 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent |
| sr 140333 SR 140333: SR-140603 is the (R)-antipode of SR-140333; a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist | 4.71 | 11 | 0 | ||
| exp3174 losartan carboxylic acid: structure given in first source. losartan carboxylic acid : A biphenylyltetrazole that is losartan with the hydroxymethyl group at position 5 on the imidazole ring replaced with a carboxylic acid. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles; organochlorine compound | metabolite |
| deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tanshinone tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | abietane diterpenoid | anticoronaviral agent |
| fk 224 FK 224: tachykinin receptor antagonist; structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| arg-3-hyp-7-phe-bradykinin NPC 567: bradykinin receptor antagonist. NPC-567 : A ten-membered oligopeptide comprising D-arginyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, (4R)-4-hydroxy-L-prolyl, glycyl, L-phenylalanyl, L-seryl, D-phenylalanyl, L-phenylalanyl and L-arginine residues joined in sequence. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | oligopeptide | bradykinin receptor antagonist |
| ah 6809 6-isopropoxy-9-oxoxanthene-2-carboxylic acid: structure given in UD | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | xanthones | |
| gr 73632 GR 73632: neurokinin receptor agonist | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sch 39370 Sch 39370: RN given refers to (D)-hydroxy-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 9/89; structure given in first source; inhibits neutral metalloendopeptidase | 3.31 | 2 | 0 | ||
| l 655240 L 655240: thromboxane and prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; RN given is for parent cpd | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | methylindole | |
| kallidin, des-arg(10)- kallidin, des-Arg(10)-: includes both L and D isomers of Phe(8) | 5.26 | 12 | 1 | ||
| efaproxiral efaproxiral: RN & structure given in first source; allosteric effector of hemoglobin | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours. | 3.51 | 1 | 0 | methanesulfonate salt | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| t-kinin T-kinin: from rat plasma | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | peptide | |
| 2-mercaptomethyl-3-guanidinoethylthiopropionic acid 2-mercaptomethyl-3-guanidinoethylthiopropionic acid: RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; structure given in first source | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | ||
| sq 28603 SQ 28603: a selective neutral endopeptidase inhibitor | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| cgp 42112a CGP 42112A: a hexapeptide analog of angiotensin II; activation of Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 results in vasodilation. CGP-42112A : A hexapeptide consisting of L-tyrosine, L-lysine, L-histidine, L-proline and L-isoleucine amino acid residues coupled in sequence and in which the amino group of the L-tyrosyl residue is substituted by a (pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)nitrilo group and in which the L-lysyl side chain amino group is substituted by a {N(2)-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-L-arginyl}nitrilo group. It is a potent angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AT2 receptor) agonist. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | benzyl ester; oligopeptide; pyridinecarboxamide | angiotensin receptor agonist; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; neuroprotective agent; vasodilator agent |
| angiotensin ii, des-phe(8)- Ile(5)-angiotensin II (1-7) : An angiotensin compound consisting of the linear heptapeptide sequence L-Asp-L-Arg-L-Val-L-Tyr-L-Ile-L-His-L-Pro. | 4.71 | 11 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin | vasodilator agent |
| bradykinin, leu(8)-des-arg(9)- bradykinin, Leu(8)-des-Arg(9)-: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | 5.28 | 52 | 0 | ||
| b 4162 B 4162: bradykinin inhibitor | 4.07 | 3 | 1 | ||
| neurokinin a(4-10), tyr(5)-trp(6,8,9)-lys(10)- neurokinin A(4-10), Tyr(5)-Trp(6,8,9)-Lys(10)-: tachykinin receptor antagonist | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| butyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanine butyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanine: formyl peptide antagonist and lipoxin A4 receptor antagonist | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n 0861 N 0861: adenosine receptor antagonist; structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| arg-pro-hyp-gly-thi-ser-phe-thi-arg tfa B 4146: bradykinin inhibitor; RN given refers to (L-Pro-L-Ala-D-Phe-L-Ala)-isomer | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n(g)-nitroarginine-4-nitroanilide N(G)-nitroarginine-4-nitroanilide: anti-nociceptive agent in the mouse | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sch 42495 [no description available] | 2.92 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bradykinin, hyp(3)-thi(5)-tic(7)-oic(8)-desarg(9)- bradykinin, Hyp(3)-Thi(5)-Tic(7)-Oic(8)-desArg(9)-: a bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | ||
| omega-n-methylarginine omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent. | 6.5 | 17 | 3 | amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
| win 64338 WIN 64338: structure given in first source; bradykinin receptor antagonist | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | ||
| retrothiorphan retrothiorphan: RETRO-THIORPHAN was an EN to THIORPHAN 1989-93 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| mdl 100240 MDL 100240: a prodrug of MDL 100173; MDL 100142 is the (R)-isomer; MDL 100240 is the (S)-isomer; structure in first source | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | ||
| valerylsalicylate valerylsalicylic acid: significantly inhibited [3H]thymidine; inhibitor of normal epithelial cell proliferation and growth of malignant cells. valerylsalicylic acid : A valerate ester that is salicylic acid in which the phenolic hydrogen is replaced by a valeryl (pentanoyl) group. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | benzoic acids; salicylates; valerate ester | cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor |
| beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam | |
| lonafarnib lonafarnib: inhibitor of farnesyl protein transferase. lonafarnib : A 4-{2-[4-(3,10-dibromo-8-chloro-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-11-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl}piperidine-1-carboxamide that has R configuration. It is used as oral farnesyltransferase inhibitor. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 4-{2-[4-(3,10-dibromo-8-chloro-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-11-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl}piperidine-1-carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor |
| alanine-4-nitroanilide alanine-4-nitroanilide: substrate for aminopeptidase M | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bila 2157 bs BILA 2157 BS: renin inhibitor; RN given for (1S-(1R*(S*),2S*,3R*))-isomer; structure in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| olmesartan olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | biphenylyltetrazole | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent |
| bradykinin, (thi-ala)(5,8)-phe(7)- bradykinin, (Thi-Ala)(5,8)-Phe(7)-: antagonist of bradykinin at the B2 receptor; RN refers to (L)-Pro isomer | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bradykinin, sar-(d-phe(8))des-arg(9) [no description available] | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | ||
| angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V). | 9.19 | 88 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II | human metabolite |
| atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3. | 3.78 | 11 | 0 | ||
| sb 203580 [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide | EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent |
| lu 135252 [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid. | 2.91 | 1 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion | |
| l 158809 L 158809: RN & structure given in first source; angiotensin receptor antagonist | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| npc 17761 NPC 17761: bradykinin receptor antagonist | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human blood serum metabolite |
| 3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
| wortmannin [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent |
| dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | ||
| lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion. | 2 | 1 | 0 | inorganic chloride; lithium salt | antimanic drug; geroprotector |
| glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | ||
| bradykinin [no description available] | 22.45 | 1,086 | 50 | oligopeptide | human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone | oxytocic; vasodilator agent |
| inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | myo-inositol trisphosphate | mouse metabolite |
| nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group. | 4.76 | 31 | 0 | guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
| temocaprilat temocaprilat: the diacid of temocapril; active metabolite of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (CS-622); RN refers to (2S-(2alpha,6beta(R*))) isomer; structure in first source | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
| bq 123 cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu): derived from the modification of a natural lead of BE-18257B, an endothelin A receptor antagonist; has neuroprotective activity; amino acid sequence given in first source | 2.91 | 1 | 0 | cyclic peptide | |
| n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | tripeptide | |
| candoxatrilat candoxatrilat: USAN lists candoxatrilat (UK-73,967) with RN 123122-54-3. candoxatrilat : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation between the amino group of cis-4-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid and the cyclopentanecarboxylic acid group of 1-[(2S)-2-carboxy-3-(2-methoxyethoxy)propyl]cyclopentanecarboxylic acid. A potent inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase (NEP, neprilysin, EC 3.4.24.11), it is used as its 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl ester prodrug in the treatment of chronic heart failure. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | ||
| betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cyclodextrin | |
| arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid. | 3.71 | 10 | 0 | icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid | Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| phosphoramidon phosphoramidon: a membrane metallo-endopeptidase & endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor; thermolysin inhibitor from culture filtrate of Streptomyces tanashiensis; structure. phosphoramidon : A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis. | 3.37 | 7 | 0 | deoxyaldohexose phosphate; dipeptide | bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.24.11 (neprilysin) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitor |
| thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone | calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor |
| apstatin apstatin: inhibits aminopeptidase P; structure given in first source | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | ||
| prostaglandin d2 Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer). | 3.46 | 1 | 1 | prostaglandins D | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| h 89 N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide | |
| imidazolidines [no description available] | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | azacycloalkane; imidazolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent | |
| dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015) | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | actinomycin | mutagen |
| enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion | analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite |
| arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | vasopressin | cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen |
| omapatrilat omapatrilat: structure in first source | 4.73 | 3 | 0 | dipeptide | |
| tropisetron Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | indolyl carboxylic acid | |
| benidipine benidipine: RN refers to (R*,R*)-(+-)-isomer | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| prednisolone hemisuccinate prednisolone hemisuccinate: RN given refers to (11 beta)-isomer. prednisolone succinate : A hemisuccinate resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy group prednisolone with one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. It is used to treat mild to moderate non-infectious eye allergies and inflammation, including damage caused by chemical and thermal burns. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; hemisuccinate; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug |
| sesquiterpenes [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sb 366791 N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocinnamanilide: a TRPV1 antagonist; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| (e)-3-(4-t-butylphenyl)-n-(2,3-dihydrobenzo(b)(1,4)dioxin-6-yl)acrylamide 3-(4-t-butylphenyl)-N-(2,3-dihydrobenzo(b)(1,4)dioxin-6-yl)acrylamide: a vanilloid receptor 1 antagonist and antihyperalgesic agent; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers. | 4.39 | 21 | 0 | capsaicinoid | non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker |
| thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas | antioxidant; chromophore |
| D-fructopyranose [no description available] | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose | sweetening agent |
| capsazepine capsazepine: modified capsaicin molecule; a capsaicin receptor antagonist. capsazepine : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist. | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | benzazepine; catechols; monochlorobenzenes; thioureas | capsaicin receptor antagonist |
| 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide: partial structure given in first source; endothelium-derived relaxing factor antagonist | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974) | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| hc-067047 HC-067047: a TRPA1 antagonist; structure in first source | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER. | 7.7 | 3 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
| quinine [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | cinchona alkaloid | antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic |
| bradykinin, met-lys- [no description available] | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | ||
| pksi 527 PKSI 527: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 8-bromoguanosino-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| arg-(3-hyp-5-thi-7-tic-9-oic)-9-desarg-bradykinin HOE 140, desArg(10)-: a potent B1 bradykinin antagonist | 3.27 | 6 | 0 | ||
| npc 17731 NPC 17731: bradykinin receptor antagonist | 3.69 | 10 | 0 | ||
| bradykinin (1-5) bradykinin (1-5): a stable marker of bradykinin production in vivo; a metabolite of bradykinin degradation in plasma | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ornitho-kinin ornitho-kinin: amino acid sequence given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| zankiren hydrochloride zankiren hydrochloride: structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily. | 3.61 | 9 | 0 | ||
| l 663536 MK-886: orally active leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor. 3-[3-(tert-butylsulfanyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid : A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by a isopropyl group at position 5, a tert-butylsulfanediyl group at position 3, a 4-chlorobenzyl group at position 1 and a 2-carboxy-2-methylpropyl group at position 2. It acts as an inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; indoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist |
| alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-(2-(5-bromo-1h-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-3-(1-methylethoxyphenyl)-4-(3h)-quinazolinone 2-(2-(5-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-3-(1-methylethoxyphenyl)-4-(3H)-quinazolinone: CCK2 receptor antagonist | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | quinazolines | |
| cathepsin g Cathepsin G: A serine protease found in the azurophil granules of NEUTROPHILS. It has an enzyme specificity similar to that of chymotrypsin C. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| quercetin [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins. | 4.57 | 25 | 0 | prostaglandins E | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic |
| dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| leukotriene c4 Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage. | 3.46 | 1 | 1 | leukotriene | bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A | mouse metabolite |
| 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid: A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.. all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid : An icosatrienoic acid having three cis double bonds at positions 8, 11 and 14. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | fatty acid 20:3; long-chain fatty acid | fungal metabolite; human metabolite; nutraceutical |
| alprostadil [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | prostaglandins E | anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| leukotriene d4 Leukotriene D4: One of the biologically active principles of SRS-A. It is generated from LEUKOTRIENE C4 after partial hydrolysis of the peptide chain, i.e., cleavage of the gamma-glutamyl portion. Its biological actions include stimulation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, and increases in vascular permeability. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene D4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and a L-cysteinylglycinyl group at position 6 (6R). | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide; leukotriene; organic sulfide | bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position. | 4.77 | 7 | 1 | prostaglandins Falpha | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| genistein [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| eprosartan eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure. | 2 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; imidazoles; thiophenes | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| esculetin esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure. esculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | antioxidant; plant metabolite; ultraviolet filter |
| 8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | F2-isoprostane | biomarker; bronchoconstrictor agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| 2,3-dinor-6-ketoprostaglandin f1alpha 2,3-dinor-6-ketoprostaglandin F1alpha: formed from 6-keto-PGF1alpha by Mycobacterium rhodochrous; RN given refers to (1R-(1alph,2beta(1E,3S*)))-isomer; structure given in first source. 2,3-dinor-6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostanoid that is prostaglandin F1alpha lacking two methylenes in the carboxyalkyl chain and bearing an oxo group at the 6-position. | 3.79 | 2 | 1 | 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; prostanoid; secondary alcohol | metabolite |
| thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | thromboxanes B | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 2,3-dinor-thromboxane b2 [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | thromboxane | |
| 20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid: stimulator of renal sodium, potassium atpase; RN given is for the (all-Z) isomer. 20-HETE : A HETE that consists of arachidonic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 20. | 2 | 1 | 0 | HETE; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| codeine [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic |
| naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose. | 2 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist |
| sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol | antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor |
| brefeldin a [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | macrolide antibiotic | Penicillium metabolite |
| morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| cp 99994 3-(2-methoxybenzylamino)-2-phenylpiperidine: selective NK(1) receptor antagonist; CP-100263 is the inactive enantiomer | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | ||
| fr 173657 FR 173657: structure given in first source | 5.41 | 19 | 0 | ||
| kallidin Kallidin: A decapeptide bradykinin homolog cleaved from kininogen by kallikreins. It is a smooth-muscle stimulant and hypotensive agent that acts by vasodilatation. | 6.28 | 35 | 1 | peptide | |
| fr 190997 FR 190997: structure given in first source | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | ||
| iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension. | 2 | 1 | 0 | carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol | platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| neurokinin a Neurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
| pd 123319 PD123319 : An imidazopyridine consisting of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine having 4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbenzyl, diphenylacetyl and carboxy and groups at positions 1, 5 and 6 respectively | 4.41 | 21 | 0 | imidazopyridine | angiotensin receptor antagonist; endothelin receptor antagonist; vasoconstrictor agent |
| u 44069 U 44069: has contractile effect on rat pulmonary veins & arteries; a thromboxane-A2 mimetic | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | prostanoid | |
| r 715 [no description available] | 3.94 | 12 | 0 | ||
| sq 29548 SQ 29548: SQ-26538 is the ((1S-1alpha,2beta(5Z),3beta(1E,3R*),4alpha))-isomer; thromboxane A2 antagonist; thromboxane receptor antagonist | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| bradyzide bradyzide: structure in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ciprokiren ciprokiren: a renin inhibitor; prevents neointima formation to the same extent as cilazapril | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110) | 3.38 | 7 | 0 | ||
| naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| delapril delapril: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | peptide | |
| lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 5.97 | 13 | 0 | dipeptide | EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles. | 13.91 | 71 | 1 | azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester | bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug |
| enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration). | 5.91 | 24 | 1 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug |
| fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-) | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate | human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | cysteinium | fundamental metabolite |
| enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate. | 5.87 | 23 | 1 | dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| benazeprilat benazeprilat: structure given in first source. benazeprilat : A benzazepine that is 1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-1-benzazepin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a carboxy methyl group and in which the 3-pro-S hydrogen is replaced by the amino group of (2S)-2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid. An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, it is used as its monoester prodrug benazepril in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | benzazepine; dicarboxylic acid; lactam | EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| ramiprilat ramiprilat : A dipeptide that is the active metabolite of ramipril. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure. | 5.79 | 29 | 0 | azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide | bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor |
| trandolaprilat trandolaprilat: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; RN 87679-71-8 refers to trandolaprilat. trandolaprilat : A heterobicyclic compound that is trandolapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding acid group. It is the active metabolite of the prodrug trandolapril. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide | antihypertensive agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite |
| imidapril imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; imidazolidines; N-acylurea; secondary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| norbinaltorphimine norbinaltorphimine: kappa opiate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
| trandolapril trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| aliskiren aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene | antihypertensive agent |
| n-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl)-alanyl-alanyl-phenylalanine-4-aminobenzoate N-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl)-alanyl-alanyl-phenylalanine-4-aminobenzoate: inhibitor of Endopeptidase-24.15 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ro 42-5892 remikiren : An L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a (2S)-2-[(2-methylpropane-2-sulfonyl)methyl]-3-phenylpropanoyl group and the carboxy group is replaced by a [(2S,3R,4S)-1-cyclohexyl-4-cyclopropyl-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]amino group. It is a renin inhibitor which was under development for the treatment of hypertension (now discontinued). | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanes; diol; L-histidine derivative; secondary carboxamide; sulfone | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.23.15 (renin) inhibitor; peptidomimetic; vasodilator agent |
| saralasin Saralasin: An octapeptide analog of angiotensin II (bovine) with amino acids 1 and 8 replaced with sarcosine and alanine, respectively. It is a highly specific competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II that is used in the diagnosis of HYPERTENSION. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
| tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels. | 3.26 | 6 | 0 | azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid | animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker |
| 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine: RN given in first source; RN refers to ion(1-); do not confuse with DEA-NO cpd | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | organic anion | |
| dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant | anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist |
| simethicone Simethicone: A poly(dimethylsiloxane) which is a polymer of 200-350 units of dimethylsiloxane, along with added silica gel. It is used as an antiflatulent, surfactant, and ointment base. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| carboprostacyclin carboprostacyclin: potent stable prostacyclin analog which inhibits platelet aggretation; do not confuse with carboprost (15-methyl-PGF2alpha); RN given refers to (3aS-(2Z,3aalpha,4alpha(1E,R*),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | prostanoid | |
| ebelactone b ebelactone B: esterase inhibitor; structure given in first source; see also ebelactone A | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-diglyceride | |
| 14,15-episulfide eicosatrienoic acid 14,15-episulfide eicosatrienoic acid: inhibits ionophore but not thrombin-induced platelet aggregation | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| everolimus [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor |
| rilpivirine [no description available] | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; nitrile | EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| verlukast verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| beta-escin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | nitroso compound; nitrosothio compound | nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent |
| gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706) | 3.43 | 1 | 1 | gadolinium coordination entity | MRI contrast agent |
| sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes. | 2 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid | calcium ionophore; metabolite |
| vapiprost vapiprost: thromboxane receptor antagonist; prostaglandin receptor antagonist | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| rmp 7 RMP 7: a synthetic bradykinin analog; selectively increases uptake of molecular tracers in RG2 glial tumors | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ammonium ion derivative | |
| phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | phosphagen; phosphoamino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| sr 142801 SR 142801: SR 142806 is the (R)-enantiomer; structure given in first source; neurokinin-3 receptor antagonist | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | ||
| fr 167344 FR 167344: structure given in first source | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| men 11270 MEN 11270: structure in first source | 3.26 | 6 | 0 | ||
| zd 7155 [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| seryl-leucyl-isoleucyl-glycyl--arginyl-leucinamide seryl-leucyl-isoleucyl-glycyl--arginyl-leucinamide: a proteinase-activated receptor-2-activating peptide; SL-NH2 is NOT Ser-Leu-NH2 here | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| anatibant LF 16-0687: a potent non-peptide bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist; structure in first source | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | proline derivative | |
| mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11). | 3.31 | 6 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent |
| ticagrelor Ticagrelor: An adenosine triphosphate analogue and reversible P2Y12 PURINORECEPTOR antagonist that inhibits ADP-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used for the prevention of THROMBOEMBOLISM by patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME or a history of MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.. ticagrelor : A triazolopyrimidine that is an adenosine isostere; the cyclopentane ring is similar to ribose and the nitrogen-rich [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine moiety resembles the nucleobase adenine. A platelet aggregation inhibitor which is used for prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome. | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; hydroxyether; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound; triazolopyrimidines | P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| rivaroxaban Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery. | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; lactam; monocarboxylic acid amide; morpholines; organochlorine compound; oxazolidinone; thiophenes | anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor |
| lipid a Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group). | 2 | 1 | 0 | dodecanoate ester; lipid A; tetradecanoate ester | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| tofacitinib tofacitinib : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by an N-methyl,N-(1-cyanoacetyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)amino moiety. Used as its citrate salt to treat moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis. | 3.51 | 1 | 0 | N-acylpiperidine; nitrile; pyrrolopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound | antirheumatic drug; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor |
| fidaxomicin Fidaxomicin: A narrow-spectrum macrolide antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of diarrhea associated with CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION.. fidaxomicin : An 18-membered macrolide that is a fermentation product obtained from the Actinomycete Dactylosporangium aurantiacum. A narrow spectrum antibiotic used for treatment of Clostridium difficile-related infections. | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| ucn 1028 c calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | ||
| fonsartan fonsartan: an angiotensin II receptor antagonist; structure given in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | benzoxazole | |
| melitten Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction. | 3.37 | 7 | 0 | oligopeptide | diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug |
| dynorphins Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | ||
| atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS. | 3.86 | 12 | 0 | polypeptide | |
| glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence. | 2 | 1 | 0 | peptide hormone | |
| beta-endorphin beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC). | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| neuropeptide y Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | ||
| angiotensinogen Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver in response to lowered blood pressure and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of the ANGIOTENSINS produced in the body by successive enzyme cleavages. Cleavage of angiotensinogen by RENIN yields the decapeptide ANGIOTENSIN I. Further cleavage of angiotensin I (by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME) yields the potent vasoconstrictor octapeptide ANGIOTENSIN II; and then, via other enzymes, other angiotensins also involved in the hemodynamic-regulating RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oligonucleotides [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| th9507 tesamorelin: a peptide; a stabilized analogue of the growth hormone releasing factor; aimed at reducing excess abdominal fat or VAT in lipodystrophy and HIV patients. tesamorelin : A polypeptide that is a synthetic analogue of human GRF (Growth Releasing Factor) comprised of the 44 amino-acid sequence of human GRF with a hex-3-enoyl moiety attached to the tyrosine residue at the N-terminal part of the molecule. It is used to stimulate human GRF receptors. | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hirudin [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63) | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | ||
| calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hoe k86-4321 HOE k86-4321: bradykinin antagonist | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
| chitosan [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| s-nitro-n-acetylpenicillamine S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine: a NO donor | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2',3'-o-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate: analog of ATP; do not confuse with TNP-ATP record | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; spiroketal | antagonist |
| cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume. | 4.49 | 7 | 0 | ||
| bradykinin, 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid-arg(0)-hyp(3)-thi(5,8)-phe(7)- bradykinin, 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid-Arg(0)-Hyp(3)-Thi(5,8)-Phe(7)-: bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source | 3.8 | 2 | 1 | ||
| baricitinib [no description available] | 3.51 | 1 | 0 | azetidines; nitrile; pyrazoles; pyrrolopyrimidine; sulfonamide | anti-inflammatory agent; antirheumatic drug; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent |
| piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines. | 6.46 | 22 | 0 | ||
| interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells. | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | ||
| hydroxocobalamin Hydroxocobalamin: Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fosinopril Fosinopril: A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat.. fosinopril : A phosphinate ester-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. It is used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. A pro-drug, it is hydrolysed in vivo to the corresponding phosphininc acid, fosinoprilat, which is the active metabolite. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| natriuretic peptide, brain Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | polypeptide | |
| salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoate | plant metabolite |
| mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide | analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | |
| epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | aluminosilicate mineral; mixture | antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient |
| charybdotoxin [no description available] | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | ||
| transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | ||
| tcv 309 TCV 309: PAF antagonist | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
| sybr green i SYBR Green I: binds to double stranded DNA of less than 20 pg following agarose or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; excited at 497 nm and emits at 520 nm. SYBR Green I : A benzothiazolium ion resulting from the methylation of the nitrogen of the benzothiazole group of N-[4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylmethylene)-1-phenyl-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl]-N',N'-dimethyl-N-propylpropane-1,3-diamine. A cationic unsymmetrical cyanine dye that binds to double-stranded DNA and is used as a nucleic acid stain in molecular biology. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzothiazolium ion; cyanine dye; quinolines; tertiary amine | fluorescent dye |
| deltibant [no description available] | 3.78 | 3 | 0 | ||
| hirudin Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| scorpion toxin i, androctonus scorpion toxin I, Androctonus: from Androdoctonus australis Hector | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| carboxypeptidase b Carboxypeptidase B: A ZINC-dependent carboxypeptidase primary found in the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. The enzyme catalyzes the preferential cleavage of a C-terminal peptidyl-L-lysine or arginine. It was formerly classified as EC 3.4.2.2 and EC 3.4.12.3. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| angiotensin i Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3. | 5.36 | 22 | 0 | angiotensin; peptide zwitterion | human metabolite; neurotransmitter agent |
| angiotensin iii Angiotensin III: A heptapeptide formed from ANGIOTENSIN II after the removal of an amino acid at the N-terminal by AMINOPEPTIDASE A. Angiotensin III has the same efficacy as ANGIOTENSIN II in promoting ALDOSTERONE secretion and modifying renal blood flow, but less vasopressor activity (about 40%). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ecallantide ecallantide: an NSAID and analgesic | 10.2 | 47 | 0 | ||
| transforming growth factor alpha Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| maxadilan protein, insect maxadilan protein, insect: peptide from salivary glands of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis; has 500 times the vasodilator avtivity of calcitonin gene-related peptide | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine. | 7.18 | 29 | 1 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| guanosine monophosphate Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor |
| guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | nucleoside triphosphate analogue | |
| zaprinast zaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structure | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | triazolopyrimidines | |
| guanylyl imidodiphosphate Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+). | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | nucleoside triphosphate analogue | |
| tegaserod tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | carboxamidine; guanidines; hydrazines; indoles | gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic agonist |
| sildenafil citrate Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | citrate salt | EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| diaminoglyoxime diaminoglyoxime: a ballistic modifier in RDX incorporated double base propellant formulations; DAG does not have adverse effect on vulnerability and chemical stability of the propellant formulation | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiotriphosphate) [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| trypsinogen Trypsinogen: The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phosphatidylbutanol [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| filipin Filipin: A complex of polyene antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces filipinensis. Filipin III alters membrane function by interfering with membrane sterols, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and is proposed as an antifungal agent. Filipins I, II, and IV are less important. | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. | 0 | 5.38 | 58 | 0 |
| Ache [description not available] | 0 | 7.14 | 18 | 2 |
| Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. | 0 | 12.14 | 18 | 2 |
| Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. | 0 | 9.59 | 70 | 1 |
| Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available] | 0 | 9.09 | 26 | 1 |
| Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. | 0 | 9.09 | 26 | 1 |
| Angioedema, Hereditary [description not available] | 0 | 18.29 | 123 | 24 |
| Angioedema, Hereditary, Type I [description not available] | 0 | 10.91 | 26 | 2 |
| Angioedemas, Hereditary Inherited disorders that are characterized by subcutaneous and submucosal EDEMA in the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT and GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. | 0 | 18.29 | 123 | 24 |
| Angioneurotic Edema [description not available] | 0 | 15.37 | 77 | 8 |
| Duncan Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Angioedema Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx. | 0 | 15.37 | 77 | 8 |
| Lymphoproliferative Disorders Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified. | 0 | 3.71 | 3 | 0 |
| 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available] | 0 | 8.37 | 9 | 4 |
| Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available] | 0 | 4.72 | 1 | 1 |
| Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. | 0 | 5.7 | 19 | 0 |
| Colorectal Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 7.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Viral Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Anasarca [description not available] | 0 | 6.84 | 35 | 2 |
| Blood Pressure, Low [description not available] | 0 | 6.3 | 20 | 2 |
| Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs. | 0 | 4.51 | 5 | 1 |
| Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. | 0 | 6.84 | 35 | 2 |
| Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients. | 0 | 6.3 | 20 | 2 |
| Angiitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Vasculitis Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypovolemic [description not available] | 0 | 7.81 | 3 | 0 |
| Hypovolemia An abnormally low volume of blood circulating through the body. It may result in hypovolemic shock (see SHOCK). | 0 | 2.81 | 3 | 0 |
| Mouth Diseases Diseases involving the MOUTH. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Microglossia [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course. | 0 | 14.5 | 45 | 19 |
| Disease Exacerbation [description not available] | 0 | 9.58 | 15 | 3 |
| Recrudescence [description not available] | 0 | 7.48 | 5 | 2 |
| Blood Pressure, High [description not available] | 0 | 11.38 | 69 | 5 |
| Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. | 0 | 11.38 | 69 | 5 |
| Hereditary Autoinflammation Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Edema, Laryngeal [description not available] | 0 | 3.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Laryngeal Edema Abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues of any part of the LARYNX, commonly associated with laryngeal injuries and allergic reactions. | 0 | 3.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Infections, Coronavirus [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 2 | 0 |
| Breathlessness [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection. | 0 | 2.66 | 2 | 0 |
| Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE). | 0 | 2.66 | 2 | 0 |
| Hives [description not available] | 0 | 4.27 | 3 | 0 |
| Urticaria A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress. | 0 | 4.27 | 3 | 0 |
| Blood Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues. | 0 | 3.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Urticaria [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 4.31 | 7 | 0 |
| Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death. | 0 | 4.31 | 7 | 0 |
| Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Diathesis [description not available] | 0 | 3.23 | 1 | 0 |
| Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 4.15 | 16 | 0 |
| Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available] | 0 | 2.81 | 3 | 0 |
| Besnier-Boeck Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Sarcoidosis An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands. | 0 | 7.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction. | 0 | 2.81 | 3 | 0 |
| Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available] | 0 | 3.7 | 1 | 1 |
| Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 3.7 | 1 | 1 |
| Germinoblastoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Gammapathy, Monoclonal [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Paraproteinemias A group of related diseases characterized by an unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells, usually from a single clone. These cells frequently secrete a structurally homogeneous immunoglobulin (M-component) and/or an abnormal immunoglobulin. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Genetic Predisposition [description not available] | 0 | 3.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Ovarian Diseases Pathological processes of the OVARY. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Peritoneal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Embolic Infarction, Posterior Cerebral Artery [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Dyskinesia Syndromes [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Movement Disorders Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Apoplexy [description not available] | 0 | 3.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810) | 0 | 3.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Esophageal Reflux [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Insect Bites [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Insect Bites and Stings Bites and stings inflicted by insects. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute Symptom Flare [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Complications, Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 2.83 | 3 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available] | 0 | 7.49 | 34 | 0 |
| Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available] | 0 | 8.97 | 22 | 4 |
| Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION). | 0 | 7.49 | 34 | 0 |
| Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.). | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Peripheral Arterial Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Reflex, Abnormal An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes. | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Peripheral Arterial Disease Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.53 | 8 | 0 |
| Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. | 0 | 3.53 | 8 | 0 |
| Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues. | 0 | 4.76 | 4 | 0 |
| Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES. | 0 | 3.52 | 8 | 0 |
| Atherogenesis [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphocytosis Excess of normal lymphocytes in the blood or in any effusion. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Decerebrate Posturing [description not available] | 0 | 3.11 | 5 | 0 |
| Allodynia [description not available] | 0 | 4.69 | 28 | 0 |
| Brain Swelling [description not available] | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Acute Brain Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6) | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypertension, Renal Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN. | 0 | 3.61 | 9 | 0 |
| Glial Cell Tumors [description not available] | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21) | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Hemorrhagic Fever, Epidemic [description not available] | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome An acute febrile disease occurring predominately in Asia. It is characterized by fever, prostration, vomiting, hemorrhagic phenonema, shock, and renal failure. It is caused by any one of several closely related species of the genus Hantavirus. The most severe form is caused by HANTAAN VIRUS whose natural host is the rodent Apodemus agrarius. Milder forms are caused by SEOUL VIRUS and transmitted by the rodents Rattus rattus and R. norvegicus, and the PUUMALA VIRUS with transmission by Clethrionomys galreolus. | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like. | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION. | 0 | 3.4 | 7 | 0 |
| Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment. | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypertension, Essential [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Essential Hypertension Hypertension that occurs without known cause, or preexisting renal disease. Associated polymorphisms for a number of genes have been identified, including AGT, GNB3, and ECE1. OMIM: 145500 | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Craniofacial Pain [description not available] | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Nerve Pain [description not available] | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Facial Pain Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES. | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve. | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. | 0 | 4.93 | 14 | 0 |
| Edema, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 3.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening. | 0 | 3.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available] | 0 | 10.48 | 25 | 4 |
| Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA. | 0 | 10.48 | 25 | 4 |
| Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available] | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57) | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Itching [description not available] | 0 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 |
| Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief. | 0 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure. | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Allergy, Drug [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemorrhagic Shock [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity. | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Laryngeal Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LARYNX which coordinates many functions such as voice production, breathing, swallowing, and coughing. | 0 | 3.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Asthma, Bronchial [description not available] | 0 | 6.71 | 9 | 1 |
| Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL). | 0 | 11.71 | 9 | 1 |
| Adverse Drug Event [description not available] | 0 | 3.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals. | 0 | 3.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholera Infantum [description not available] | 0 | 3.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM. | 0 | 4.77 | 2 | 0 |
| Prodromal Characteristics [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available] | 0 | 4.07 | 15 | 0 |
| Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma. | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis. | 0 | 9.07 | 15 | 0 |
| Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation. | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. | 0 | 2.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available] | 0 | 4.75 | 2 | 1 |
| Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019) | 0 | 4.75 | 2 | 1 |
| Cardiac Failure [description not available] | 0 | 6.25 | 13 | 3 |
| Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. | 0 | 6.25 | 13 | 3 |
| Angor Pectoris [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available] | 0 | 11.02 | 32 | 4 |
| Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION). | 0 | 11.02 | 32 | 4 |
| Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time. | 0 | 3.7 | 10 | 0 |
| Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available] | 0 | 3.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Brain Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction). | 0 | 3.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Colicky Pain [description not available] | 0 | 3.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses. | 0 | 2.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region. | 0 | 3.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Arrhythmia [description not available] | 0 | 4.78 | 12 | 0 |
| Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction. | 0 | 4.78 | 12 | 0 |
| Joint Pain [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Polyarthritis [description not available] | 0 | 3.09 | 5 | 0 |
| Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS. | 0 | 3.09 | 5 | 0 |
| Arthralgia Pain in the joint. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Alloxan Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 4.25 | 18 | 0 |
| Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325) | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebral Ischemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION. | 0 | 3.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Cranial Nerve Injuries Dysfunction of one or more cranial nerves causally related to a traumatic injury. Penetrating and nonpenetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; NECK INJURIES; and trauma to the facial region are conditions associated with cranial nerve injuries. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Angioedema, Hereditary, Type III [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 2 | 0 |
| B16 Melanoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Exertional Heat Illness [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Plica Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Synovitis Inflammation of the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Goiter Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC). | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Obstructive Lung Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.82 | 2 | 0 |
| Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent. | 0 | 3.82 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Prostate [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available] | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Dysphagia [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Breathing Sounds [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Deglutition Disorders Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Respiratory Sounds Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS). | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes. | 0 | 7.76 | 3 | 0 |
| Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Circulatory Collapse [description not available] | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs. | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Blood Poisoning [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK. | 0 | 7.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Gouty Arthritis [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Arthritis, Gouty Arthritis, especially of the great toe, as a result of gout. Acute gouty arthritis often is precipitated by trauma, infection, surgery, etc. The initial attacks are usually monoarticular but later attacks are often polyarticular. Acute and chronic gouty arthritis are associated with accumulation of MONOSODIUM URATE in and around affected joints. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available] | 0 | 3.46 | 1 | 1 |
| Autoimmune Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides. | 0 | 3.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Acquired Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Granulomas [description not available] | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Antibody Deficiency Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia [description not available] | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS. | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents. | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral. | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases. | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia occurring in the absence of toxic exposure or a disease associated with decreased platelets. It is mediated by immune mechanisms, in most cases IMMUNOGLOBULIN G autoantibodies which attach to platelets and subsequently undergo destruction by macrophages. The disease is seen in acute (affecting children) and chronic (adult) forms. | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Head [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Metastase [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651) | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Airway Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs. | 0 | 3.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal. | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level. | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Infections, Hantavirus [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Capillary Leak Syndrome A condition characterized by recurring episodes of fluid leaking from capillaries into extra-vascular compartments causing hematocrit to rise precipitously. If not treated, generalized vascular leak can lead to generalized EDEMA; SHOCK; cardiovascular collapse; and MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Hantavirus Infections Infections with viruses of the genus HANTAVIRUS. This is associated with at least four clinical syndromes: HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME caused by viruses of the Hantaan group; a milder form of HFRS caused by SEOUL VIRUS; nephropathia epidemica caused by PUUMALA VIRUS; and HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME caused by SIN NOMBRE VIRUS. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Loss, Postoperative [description not available] | 0 | 4.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Complication, Postoperative [description not available] | 0 | 5.31 | 2 | 2 |
| Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery. | 0 | 5.31 | 2 | 2 |
| Interstitial Nephritis [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Nephritis, Interstitial Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Adrenal Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298) | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.26 | 6 | 0 |
| Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE. | 0 | 3.26 | 6 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Irritant A non-allergic contact dermatitis caused by prolonged exposure to irritants and not explained by delayed hypersensitivity mechanisms. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available] | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause. | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Insulin Sensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 4.41 | 8 | 0 |
| Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS. | 0 | 4.41 | 8 | 0 |
| Chronic Illness [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Constriction, Pathological [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Hay Fever [description not available] | 0 | 4.08 | 3 | 1 |
| Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS. | 0 | 4.08 | 3 | 1 |
| Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available] | 0 | 3.13 | 5 | 0 |
| Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix. | 0 | 4.76 | 7 | 0 |
| Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES. | 0 | 4.76 | 7 | 0 |
| Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Coarctation of Aorta [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Aortic Coarctation A birth defect characterized by the narrowing of the AORTA that can be of varying degree and at any point from the transverse arch to the iliac bifurcation. Aortic coarctation causes arterial HYPERTENSION before the point of narrowing and arterial HYPOTENSION beyond the narrowed portion. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Allergic Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 3.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Hypersensitivity, Type III [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. | 0 | 3.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Left Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Aortic Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Aortic Valve Stenosis A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER. | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Anoxemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.84 | 4 | 0 |
| Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms. | 0 | 3.84 | 4 | 0 |
| Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypertension, Portal Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Left Ventricular Hypertrophy [description not available] | 0 | 6.37 | 15 | 1 |
| Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. | 0 | 6.37 | 15 | 1 |
| Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available] | 0 | 3.09 | 5 | 0 |
| Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 3.61 | 3 | 0 |
| Airway Hyper-Responsiveness [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Goldblatt Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 5.99 | 10 | 1 |
| Hypertension, Renovascular Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression. | 0 | 5.99 | 10 | 1 |
| Leukocytosis A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Tachycardia, Ventricular An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation). | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Genetic Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 4.34 | 1 | 1 |
| Genetic Diseases, Inborn Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero. | 0 | 4.34 | 1 | 1 |
| Choroid Neovascularization [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Complication, Intraoperative [description not available] | 0 | 2.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Autosomal Chromosome Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES. | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Carditis [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries. | 0 | 2.9 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position. | 0 | 3.93 | 13 | 0 |
| Cardiac Complex, Premature [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Neuritis A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Primary Peritonitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Proctitis INFLAMMATION of the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the RECTUM, the distal end of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply. | 0 | 3.08 | 5 | 0 |
| Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51) | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Liver [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Endotoxin Shock [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Cystitis Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain. | 0 | 3.08 | 5 | 0 |
| Nasal Catarrh [description not available] | 0 | 6.24 | 4 | 2 |
| Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES. | 0 | 11.24 | 4 | 2 |
| Active Hyperemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous). | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Electric Injuries Injuries caused by electric currents. The concept excludes electric burns (BURNS, ELECTRIC), but includes accidental electrocution and electric shock. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Rupture, Traumatic [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins). | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Extravasation of Contrast Media [description not available] | 0 | 3.09 | 5 | 0 |
| Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Pyrexia [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA). | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Cardiac Output, Low A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Bleeding [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Hyperinsulinism A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Meningitis, Pneumococcal An acute purulent infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, most prevalent in children and adults over the age of 60. This illness may be associated with OTITIS MEDIA; MASTOIDITIS; SINUSITIS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; sickle cell disease (ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL); skull fractures; and other disorders. Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; neck stiffness; and somnolence followed by SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits (notably DEAFNESS); and COMA. (From Miller et al., Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p111) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Foot Diseases Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 3.24 | 6 | 0 |
| Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION. | 0 | 3.24 | 6 | 0 |
| Acute-Phase Reaction An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Coronary Heart Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Sarcoma 180 An experimental sarcoma of mice. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Hyperlipemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Renal Artery Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Renal Artery Obstruction Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR). | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Bacterial Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Endotoxemia A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome, Familial Gestational Spontaneous [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome A complication of OVULATION INDUCTION in infertility treatment. It is graded by the severity of symptoms which include OVARY enlargement, multiple OVARIAN FOLLICLES; OVARIAN CYSTS; ASCITES; and generalized EDEMA. The full-blown syndrome may lead to RENAL FAILURE, respiratory distress, and even DEATH. Increased capillary permeability is caused by the vasoactive substances, such as VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTORS, secreted by the overly-stimulated OVARIES. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Neurogenic Inflammation Inflammation caused by an injurious stimulus of peripheral neurons and resulting in release of neuropeptides which affect vascular permeability and help initiate proinflammatory and immune reactions at the site of injury. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| DDD MPGNII [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative Chronic glomerulonephritis characterized histologically by proliferation of MESANGIAL CELLS, increase in the MESANGIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, and a thickening of the glomerular capillary walls. This may appear as a primary disorder or secondary to other diseases including infections and autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Various subtypes are classified by their abnormal ultrastructures and immune deposits. Hypocomplementemia is a characteristic feature of all types of MPGN. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Bronchospasm [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Bronchial Spasm Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Colitis Gravis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Aura [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Disease, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Bronchial Hyperreactivity Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory. | 0 | 4.86 | 4 | 2 |
| Hibernation, Myocardial [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Nephrosis Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Arthus Phenomenon [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Respiratory [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Respirovirus [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever | 0 | 3.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Nervous System Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| American Trypanosomiasis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs. | 0 | 8.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Colon [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY). | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Kidney, Polycystic [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| ADPKD [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Polycystic Kidney Diseases Hereditary diseases that are characterized by the progressive expansion of a large number of tightly packed CYSTS within the KIDNEYS. They include diseases with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant Kidney disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS with progressive deterioration of renal function. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Carotid Arteriopathies, Traumatic [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |