| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 68861 |
| CHEMBL ID | 1201864 |
| CHEBI ID | 70708 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 37293 |
| MeSH ID | M0081095 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| AC-2166 |
| zk-37659 |
| zk 37659 |
| chebi:70708 , |
| m 18575 |
| CHEMBL1201864 |
| AKOS015840152 |
| endometrion |
| sh-t00660aa |
| visanne |
| sts-557 |
| m-18575 |
| mjr-35 |
| dienogest , |
| dinagest |
| dienogest (jan/usan/inn) |
| 65928-58-7 |
| endometrion (tn) |
| D03799 |
| sts 557 |
| 17-alpha-cyanomethyl-17-beta-hydroxy-estra-4,9(10)-dien-3-one |
| 17-hydroxy-3-oxo-19-nor-17alpha-pregna-4,9-diene-21-nitrile |
| 17-alpha-cyanomethyl-17-beta-hydroxyestra-4,9(10)-diene-3-one |
| 17alpha-17-hydroxy-3-oxo-19-norpregna-4,9-diene-21-nitrile |
| dienogest [inn] |
| 19-norpregna-4,9-diene-21-nitrile, 17-hydroxy-3-oxo-, (17-alpha)- |
| 19-norpregna-4,9-diene-21-nitrile, 17-hydroxy-3-oxo-, (17alpha)- |
| dienogestum [latin] |
| 2-[(8s,13s,14s,17r)-17-hydroxy-13-methyl-3-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]acetonitrile |
| dienogestril |
| 46m3ev8hhe , |
| dienogestum |
| unii-46m3ev8hhe |
| bay86-5258 |
| dienogest [usan:inn:ban] |
| bay 86-5258 |
| dienogestrel |
| natazia |
| dienogest [ep monograph] |
| dienogest [who-dd] |
| 19-norpregna-4,9-diene-21-nitrile, 17-hydroxy-3-oxo-, (17.alpha.)- |
| dienogest [mart.] |
| dienogest [jan] |
| dienogest [orange book] |
| dienogest [mi] |
| dienogest [usan] |
| dienogest [vandf] |
| (17-hydroxy-3-oxoestra-4,9-dien-17beta-yl)acetonitrile |
| [(17beta)-17-hydroxy-3-oxoestra-4,9-dien-17-yl]acetonitrile |
| 17alpha-cyanomethyl-17beta-hydroxyestra-4,9(10)-dien-3-one |
| S1251 |
| AKOS015896680 |
| HY-B0084 |
| CS-1782 |
| gtpl7654 |
| SCHEMBL37293 |
| AZFLJNIPTRTECV-FUMNGEBKSA-N |
| [(17?)-17-hydroxy-3-oxoestra-4,9-dien-17-yl]acetonitrile |
| 2-((8s,13s,14s,17r)-17-hydroxy-13-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,6,7,8,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)acetonitrile |
| AB01566807_01 |
| DB09123 |
| SR-01000942230-1 |
| sr-01000942230 |
| dienogest, >=98% (hplc) |
| dienogest for system suitability, europepharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard |
| dienogest, europepharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard |
| dienogest; dienogestril; dinagest; sts 557; (17alpha)-17-hydroxy-3-oxo-19-norpregna-4,9-diene-21-nitrile; 17alpha-cyanomethyl-17beta-hydroxyestra-4,9-dien-3-one |
| BCP22681 |
| DTXSID80891478 |
| mfcd00868356 |
| D5230 |
| Q139160 |
| BRD-K50853363-001-02-3 |
| sts557 |
| CCG-267594 |
| NCGC00346502-04 |
| 2-[(1r,3as,3bs,11as)-1-hydroxy-11a-methyl-7-oxo-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,5h,7h,8h,9h,10h,11h,11ah-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]acetonitrile |
| EN300-6477654 |
| dienogest for system suitability |
| Z2235801839 |
Dienogest (DNG) is an oral progestin effective for the treatment of symptomatic endometriosis, such as reduction of endometrial lesion and control of pain intensity. A subset of cases show resistance to DNG treatment.
Dienogest (DNG) has the essential properties of an effective progestogen for use in a new contraceptive pill using estradiol valerate as estrogenic component. It inhibits ovulation and protects against endometrial proliferation. At a dosage of 2 mg/day only moderately suppressesEstradiol levels. DienogEST plus TU has the potential for development as a monthly injectable showing reversible hormonal male contraception with good efficacy.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Dienogest activate PR (EC50=3.4 or 10.5 nmol/l) with antagonistic activity on AR (EC50=420.6 or 775.0 nmol/l) but not agonistic nor antagonistic action on GR, MR (3000 nmol/l)." | ( Dienogest is a selective progesterone receptor agonist in transactivation analysis with potent oral endometrial activity due to its efficient pharmacokinetic profile. Imada, K; Kami, H; Kato, S; Mita, S; Mizuguchi, K; Sasagawa, S; Shimizu, Y; Takeuchi, T, 2008) | 2.51 |
Treatment with dienogest or COCP was associated with improved self-reported pain after 6 months of treatment. The study found significantly lower scores for pelvic pain and dyspareunia compared with placebo.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Dienogest treatment compared with GnRHa was associated with a lower rate of hot flashes and a trend to lower incidence of vaginal dryness." | ( The Efficacy of Dienogest in Reducing Disease and Pain Recurrence After Endometriosis Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Bogani, G; Carbone, F; Di Donato, V; Di Tucci, C; Galati, G; Kontopantelis, E; Muzii, L; Palaia, I; Perniola, G; Tomao, F, 2023) | 1.98 |
| "Treatment with dienogest or COCP was associated with improved self-reported pain after 6 months of treatment, as evidenced by significantly lower scores for pelvic pain and dyspareunia compared with placebo (P < 0.05). " | ( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of the comparative effects of dienogest and the combined oral contraceptive pill in women with endometriosis. Alkatout, I; Allahqoli, L; Ebrahimpour, M; Gitas, G; Hassanlouei, B; Mehdizadeh Kashi, A; Niakan, G, 2022) | 1.3 |
Both dienogest doses were generally well tolerated, with low rates of treatment discontinuation due to adverse events. We assessed the pelvic pain score and quality-of-life (QOL) score before and after taking dienOGest.
The stronger oral activity of dienogest could be explained simply by its in vitro potency on PR and its oral pharmacokinetic profile. This pharmacodynamic study investigated the ovulation-inhibiting effects of diensogest monotherapy in healthy women. This study aims to investigate and compare the pharmacokinetics profiles and safety of test formulations to reference formulations of dients.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " We investigated the effect of this new sexual hormone alone and in combination with ethynylestradiol on the elimination of both testdrugs." | ( [Effect of a new gestagen--dienogest--and its combination with ethinyl estradiol on the activity of biotransformation reactions]. Balogh, A; Hoffmann, A; Klinger, G; Liewald, S; Liewald, T; Schröder, S; Splinter, FC, 1990) | 0.58 |
Dienogest (DNG), a progestin of 19-nortestosterone derivative, has good oral bioavailability and is highly selective for progesterone receptors.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Following oral administration the high bioavailability of Dienogest which was already found in other animal species and in man could also be confirmed with rabbits." | ( Pharmacokinetics of the progestin dienogest (STS 557) in rabbits. Hillesheim, HG; Hobe, G; Ritter, P; Valentin, U, 1989) | 0.8 |
| " Bioavailability of orally administered STS 557 was found to be 80--90% in man and beagle dog, 70--80% in baboon and rat." | ( Studies on pharmacokinetics of STS 557 in animal species and man. Carol, W; Chemnitius, KH; Claussen, C; Erdmann, A; Goncharov, NP; Hillesheim, HG; Hobe, G; Klinger, G; Komor, A; Ritter, P; Schumann, W; Wagner, H; Wehrberger, K; Wesemann, R, 1983) | 0.27 |
| "Dienogest (DNG), a progestin of 19-nortestosterone derivative, has good oral bioavailability and is highly selective for progesterone receptors." | ( Dienogest: a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of endometriosis. Harada, T; Taniguchi, F, 2010) | 3.25 |
| " It has high oral bioavailability and a half-life suitable for once-daily administration." | ( Dienogest: a review of its use in the treatment of endometriosis. McCormack, PL, 2010) | 1.8 |
The objective of this multicentre, randomised, double-blind study was to compare a combined oral contraceptive (COC) containing oestradiol valerate/dienogest (E2V/DNG) administered in a dynamic dosing regimen with a monophasic COC containing ethinyloestradio/levonorgestrel (EE/LNG)
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " This finding demonstrates that postcoital STS 557 in the chosen dosage does not suppress ovulation." | ( STS 557 as an interceptive in baboons. Goncharov, NP; Komor, A; Oettel, M; Schubert, K, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " Furthermore, the histological changes observed in the seminiferous tubules in testes of STS 557--treated mice were not different in different dosage groups." | ( Effect of 17 alpha-cyanomethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-estra-4, 9-dien-3-one on reproductive organs of the male laboratory mouse. Chakravarty, S; Singh, SK, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " In an additional experiment, ovaries were excised 24 h after dosing for histological examinations." | ( Dienogest, a selective progestin, reduces plasma estradiol level through induction of apoptosis of granulosa cells in the ovarian dominant follicle without follicle-stimulating hormone suppression in monkeys. Imada, K; Mizuguchi, K; Nagaoka, T; Sasagawa, S; Shimizu, Y; Tokado, H, 2008) | 1.79 |
| "To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of a combined oral contraceptive (OC) containing oestradiol valerate/dienogest (E2V/DNG) administered according to a four-phasic dosing regimen with an oestrogen step-down and a progestin step-up over 26 days of active treatment." | ( Pharmacokinetics of an oral contraceptive containing oestradiol valerate and dienogest. Blode, H; Lu, M; Morrison, D; Uddin, A; Zeiler, B; Zeun, S, 2009) | 0.8 |
| " However, it has a complex dosage regimen, and has its own missed-pill guidance which differs substantially from that for other pills." | ( What role for Qlaira in contraception? , 2010) | 0.36 |
| "Dienogest (Visanne®) is a synthetic oral progestogen with unique pharmacological properties that is indicated at a dosage of 2 mg/day for the treatment of endometriosis." | ( Dienogest: a review of its use in the treatment of endometriosis. McCormack, PL, 2010) | 3.25 |
| " Furthermore, the dynamic dosing regimen requires relatively complex instructions for users who miss pills." | ( Estradiol valerate and dienogest: a novel four-phasic oral contraceptive pill effective for pregnancy prevention and treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding. Jensen, JT; Micks, E, 2011) | 0.68 |
| " Klaira® (E2V/DNG) combines the use of natural estradiol in a dynamic dosing regimen with a progestin very similar to natural progesterone but with very potent antiproliferative action at the endometrial level." | ( [Association of E2v/DNG as contraceptive choice for a better quality of life of women]. Nappi, RE, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "14, and the terminal half-life remained unchanged when single dosing and multiple dosing were compared." | ( Pharmacokinetic study of single and multiple oral administrations of 2 mg dienogest in healthy Korean women. Jang, IJ; Lee, S; Lim, KS; Park, JS; Shin, D; Shin, SG; Yu, KS, 2013) | 0.62 |
| " Recently, the oral combination contraceptive (COC) containing estradiol valerate (E2V) in combination with dienogest (DNG) was developed in a new estrogen step-down, progesterone step-up dosing strategy (Qlaira, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals)." | ( Effect of a new oral contraceptive with estradiol valerate/dienogest on carbohydrate metabolism. De Leo, V; Di Sabatino, A; Fruzzetti, F; Morgante, G; Musacchio, MC; Scolaro, V, 2013) | 0.85 |
| "The objective of this multicentre, randomised, double-blind study was to compare a combined oral contraceptive (COC) containing oestradiol valerate/dienogest (E2V/DNG) administered in a dynamic dosing regimen with a monophasic COC containing ethinyloestradiol/levonorgestrel (EE/LNG), with regard to their ability to reduce the frequency and intensity of headache and pelvic pain in women with hormone withdrawal-associated symptoms (HWAS)." | ( Effects of a combined oral contraceptive containing oestradiol valerate/dienogest on hormone withdrawal-associated symptoms: results from the multicentre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled HARMONY II study. Macìas, G; Mellinger, U; Merki-Feld, GS; Parke, S; Serrani, M, 2013) | 0.82 |
| " A marketed dosing regimen of estradiol valerate with dienogest (E2V/DNG) served as reference since it contains (like E4) a natural oestrogen." | ( Bleeding pattern and cycle control with estetrol-containing combined oral contraceptives: results from a phase II, randomised, dose-finding study (FIESTA). Apter, D; Beekman, L; Coelingh Bennink, HJ; Foidart, JM; Maillard, C; Mawet, M; Zimmerman, Y, 2016) | 0.68 |
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| synthetic oral contraceptive | An oral contraceptive which owes its effectiveness to synthetic preparation. |
| progesterone receptor agonist | A hormone agonist that binds to and activates progesterone receptors. |
| progestin | A synthetic progestogen. |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| 17beta-hydroxy steroid | A 17-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 17 has a beta-configuration. |
| 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid | A 3-oxo steroid conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position. |
| steroid hormone | Any steroid that acts as hormone. |
| aliphatic nitrile | Any nitrile derived from an aliphatic compound. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID1347411 | qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Mechanism Interrogation Plate v5.0 (MIPE) Libary | 2020 | ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7 | High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle. |
| AID588213 | Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents | 2010 | Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1 | Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species. |
| AID588211 | Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans | 2010 | Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1 | Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species. |
| AID588212 | Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents | 2010 | Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1 | Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 51 (13.25) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 25 (6.49) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 71 (18.44) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 168 (43.64) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 70 (18.18) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (89.44) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 98 (24.38%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 53 (13.18%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 24 (5.97%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 11 (2.74%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 216 (53.73%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Double-blind, Randomized, Dose-controlled Study to Evaluate Pharmacodynamic Properties of Four Oral Doses of Dienogest (DNG) in 100 Healthy Young Female Volunteers Over a Period of Two Cycles up to a Maximum of 72 Days [NCT00754871] | Phase 1 | 102 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Dienogest Versus a Low-dose Combined Oral Contraceptive for Treatment of Adenomyotic Uteri [NCT03890042] | 100 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-03-01 | Completed | |||
| A Multi-center, Open Label, Single-arm Study to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy of Daily Oral Administration of 2 mg Dienogest Tablets for the Treatment of Endometriosis in Adolescents Over a Treatment Period of 52 Weeks [NCT01283724] | Phase 2 | 111 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-03-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomised Open-label Multi-centre Comparative Study to Evaluate Cycle Control of 2 Dosages of Estetrol Combined With Either P1 or P2, Compared to a Combined Oral Contraceptive Containing E2V and DNG [NCT01221831] | Phase 2 | 396 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-09-30 | Completed | ||
| [NCT02440750] | Phase 4 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-06-30 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| EffectiveNess of VISanne® in Improving Quality of Life in asIan wOmen With eNdometriosis [NCT02425462] | 895 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2015-04-28 | Completed | |||
| Dienogest Versus Luteal Phase Fluoxetine in the Management of Premenstrual Syndrome: A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial [NCT02427334] | Phase 3 | 210 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-04-30 | Recruiting | ||
| A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Use of Dienogest and Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills (Microgynon) to Reduce the Risk of Recurrence of Endometriotic Cyst After Conservative Surgery [NCT02385448] | Phase 4 | 144 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-02-28 | Recruiting | ||
| Role of Dienogest in the Treatment of Patient With Symptomatic Adenomyosis [NCT03654144] | Phase 4 | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2018-11-30 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Effects of Dienogest and Dienogest Plus Estradiol Valerate on Ovarian Reserve and Endometrioma Size [NCT03789123] | Phase 4 | 710 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-01-01 | Recruiting | ||
| Comparison of the Operation and Medical Treatment of Endometriosis and Adenomyosis [NCT03778359] | 5,000 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2005-01-01 | Completed | |||
| A Prospective Multicenter Non-interventional Study to Evaluate User Satisfaction With Estradiol Valerate/ Dienogest in Real Clinical Practice to be Conducted in Russia [NCT04901377] | 255 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2021-06-24 | Completed | |||
| A Multi-center, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Randomized, Controlled, Parallel-group Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of SH T00658ID Compared to SH D593B in the Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea [NCT00909857] | Phase 3 | 507 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Bioavailability of a Formulation of Dienogest 2.0 mg Coated Tablets With Regards to the Marketed Reference Product [NCT04230083] | Phase 1 | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-12-07 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of Dienogest vs. Norethindrone Acetate Treatment in Endometriosis [NCT05476172] | 70 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-04-01 | Completed | |||
| Far Eastern Memorial Hospital [NCT05697471] | Phase 3 | 120 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-02-25 | Recruiting | ||
| Pretreatment With Dienogest in Women With Endometriosis Undergoing in Vitro-fertilization After a Previous Failed Cycle [NCT04306276] | 140 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2020-01-01 | Completed | |||
| Bioavailability of a Formulation of Estradiol Valerate and Dienogest 2 mg/2 mg Coated Tablets With Regards to the Marketed Reference Product [NCT05332106] | Phase 1 | 10 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2022-03-12 | Completed | ||
| VISANNE OS/Treatment of Endometriosis With Dienogest in the Real World Clinical Practice [NCT04495855] | 968 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2020-10-28 | Completed | |||
| Goserline Acetate Versus Dienogest in Treatment of Pain Associated With Endometriosis [NCT05013242] | Phase 4 | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-12-25 | Recruiting | ||
| A Multicenter, Non-Comparative Trial on the Contraceptive Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of LPRI-424 (Dienogest 2 mg / Ethinyl Estradiol 0.02 mg) During 13 Cycles [NCT03945513] | Phase 3 | 1,034 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-12-03 | Completed | ||
| Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial on the Effects of an Estrogen-progestin Combination as add-on to Inpatient Psychotherapy in Adult Female Patients Suffering From Anorexia Nervosa [NCT03172533] | Phase 2 | 11 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-03-15 | Terminated(stopped due to Difficulties in recruitment) | ||
| [NCT02400801] | 166 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2013-06-30 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled, Parallel Group, 2-arm Study to Show Superiority of the Oral Contraceptive SH T00658ID Over Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo on Hormone Withdrawal-associated Symptoms After 6 Cycles of Treatment. [NCT00754065] | Phase 3 | 409 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Open-label, Randomized, Cross-over Study to Investigate the Bioequivalence of Estradiol Valerate (EV), Dienogest (DNG) and Levomefolate Calcium After Single Oral Administration of a Tablet Formulation Containing 2 mg Estradiol Valerate and 3 mg Dienogest [NCT00941057] | Phase 1 | 43 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Impact vs. Dienogest: A Combined Oral Contraceptive in the Size of Endometriomas in Women With Diameters Smaller Than 4 Centimeters Thereof, at University Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogota, Between the Years 2015-2017 [NCT02599077] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-11-30 | Suspended | ||
| Comparing the Safety and Efficacy in the Use of Dienogest, Leuprolide Acetate, DMPA and Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills (Microgynon) on Endometriosis Patients After Conservative Surgery [NCT06145438] | Phase 3 | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-09-04 | Recruiting | ||
| A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled, 7 Cycle Duration (196 Days), Phase 3 Study of Oral Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest Tablets for the Treatment of Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding. [NCT00307801] | Phase 3 | 231 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-02-28 | Completed | ||
| Randomized Phase 2 Trial Comparing Preoperative Dienogest Therapy Followed by Surgery vs. Upfront Surgery to Save Ovarian Reserve in Young Women With Ovarian Endometrioma [NCT02728245] | Phase 2 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-10-31 | Withdrawn(stopped due to Placebo cannot be prepared) | ||
| A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel-Group, Placebo- Controlled, 7 Cycle Duration (196 Days), Phase 3 Study of Oral Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest Tablets for the Treatment of Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding. [NCT00293059] | Phase 3 | 190 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-12-31 | Completed | ||
| Clinical Experience of Dienogest in Perimenopausal Females With Symptomatic Adenomyosis [NCT05751876] | 87 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2018-09-01 | Completed | |||
| Impact of the Type of Treatment of the Endometrioma on Ovarian Reserve [NCT05637073] | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Observational [Patient Registry] | 2023-03-14 | Recruiting | |||
| Characterisation of Relative Bioavailability and Assessment of Bioequivalence of a Newly Developed Ethinylestradiol/Dienogest IR Formulation in Comparison With a Marketed Reference Product (Valette®) [NCT01600274] | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-01-31 | Completed | |||
| Induction of Ovulation by Clomiphene Citrate Following Laparoscopic Surgery for Endometriosis Stage 1 and Stage 11 With and Without Suppression by Dienogest [NCT02575248] | Phase 4 | 310 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2014-10-31 | Recruiting | ||
| The Effect of Dionegest Use on the Frequency of Fibromyalgia in Endometriosis: A Cross-sectional Observational Study. [NCT05272930] | 61 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2021-06-30 | Completed | |||
| Efficacy of Dienogest Versus Oral Contraceptive Pills on Pain Associated With Endometriosis [NCT04256200] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2017-02-07 | Recruiting | ||
| Dienogest Versus Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist Pre-treatment in Women With Endometriosis Undergoing in Vitro Fertilization [NCT03142035] | 189 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2017-10-22 | Recruiting | |||
| Phase IV Study to Assess the Safety and Effectiveness of Dienogest (Visanne®) Amongst Indian Women With Endometriosis, in Real-world Clinical Practice: the VISAGE Study [NCT04808843] | 160 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2022-05-13 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Monocenter, Open-label, Randomized Study to Determine the Ovulation Inhibitory Effect of the Combined Oral Contraceptive SH T04769G and SH D00659AF (0.03 mg Ethinylestradiol and 2.0 mg Dienogest), Applied for Two Treatment Cycles to 60 Healthy Female Volu [NCT00471991] | Phase 2 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Evaluation of Using Dienogest and N-Acetyl Cysteine on the Volume of Uterine Leiomyoma [NCT06115408] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-07-01 | Recruiting | ||
| Effects of Tetragonula Aff. Biroi Propolis Extract on Lesion Growth, Apoptotic and Inflammatory Activity of the Rat Endometriosis Tissue [NCT04374006] | Early Phase 1 | 120 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-11-01 | Completed | ||
| Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) and Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Adenomyosis (Internal Endometriosis) According to Stimulation Protocol in Relation to Immunological and Endometrial Features: a Prospective, Randomized Study [NCT05937490] | Phase 4 | 500 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-03-27 | Recruiting | ||
| Bioavailability of a Formulation of Dienogest and Ethinyl Estradiol 2.0 mg/0.03 mg Coated Tablets With Regards to the Marketed Reference Product [NCT04193852] | Phase 1 | 10 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-11-09 | Completed | ||
| Synthetic vs Natural Estrogen in Combined Oral Contraception- Effect on Insulin Sensitivity, Coagulation, Inflammation and Endometrium - a Comparison With a Progestin-only Preparation. [NCT02352090] | Phase 4 | 59 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-04-01 | Completed | ||
| Comparative, Prospective, Multi-Center, Open, Randomized Study to Investigate Bleeding Patterns, Metabolic Effects, Contraceptive Efficacy, Acceptance, and Safety of an Oral Contraceptive Containing 0.03 mg Ethinylestradiol and 2 mg Dienogest, in Two Diff [NCT00302666] | Phase 3 | 1,315 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-06-30 | Completed | ||
| A Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled, and Open-label, Active-controlled, Parallel-group Comparative Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of an Extended Flexible Regimen of BAY 86-5300 [0.02 mg Ethinylestradiol (β-CDC) and 3 mg Dro [NCT01697111] | Phase 3 | 312 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Women With Uterine Leiomyomas: Open Randomized Clinical Trial Of Non Inferiority Between Oral Dienogest, Oral Desogestrel and Subcutaneous Goserelin [NCT01738724] | Phase 4 | 14 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-01-31 | Terminated(stopped due to PI went for a post-doc course and when he came back he moved for another job) | ||
| Visanne® (Dienogest 2mg) Regulatory Post Marketing Surveillance Study in Korea [NCT01788722] | 3,223 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2013-07-19 | Completed | |||
| A Multicenter Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Daily Oral Administration of 2 mg Dienogest Tablets (Visanne/SH T00660AA) for the Treatment of Endometriosis in Chinese Patients: a Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group [NCT01822080] | Phase 3 | 250 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Study to Characterize Patients Treated With Visanne for Their Endometriosis Under Real-life Practice Conditions and Evaluate Their Quality of Life at Baseline and After 6 Months of Treatment With Visanne. [NCT01595724] | 3,006 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2012-05-31 | Completed | |||
| An Observational, Prospective, Multicentre Study to Assess the Sensitivity to Change of the SAMANTA Questionnaire in Women With Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (HMB) [NCT03751800] | 422 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2018-12-12 | Completed | |||
| Which do You Think is the Best Treatment Choice in Primary Dysmenorrhea? [NCT03124524] | Phase 4 | 99 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-01-15 | Completed | ||
| Ambispective Comparative Cohort Study to Assess the Effect of Pretreatment With a Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System Versus Oral Progestin on ICSI and Vitrified-Warmed Embryo Transfer Outcomes in Women With Adenomyosis [NCT05152667] | 354 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2021-11-27 | Recruiting | |||
| Open-label, Randomized, Fixed Sequence Cross-over Study With Five Parallel Treatment Arms and Three Treatment Periods to Quantify the Drug-drug Interactions of Two Rifampicin Dose Strengths on Four Progestins and a Fixed Progestin-ethinylestradiol Combina [NCT03353857] | Phase 1 | 68 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-11-29 | Completed | ||
| Role of Suppression of Endometriosis With Progestins Before IVF-ET: a Non-inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04500743] | 134 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-08-01 | Completed | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
The Health State Classification of the EQ-5D comprised 5 questions addressing mobility, self-care, usual activity, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Participants were asked to indicate their current health state by ticking the most appropriate of 3 statements about each of the questions (ie, no problems, some problems, extreme problems). The best possible answers were (1,1,1,1,1), which equals a valuation score of 1.0. The worst possible answers were (3,3,3,3,3), which equals a valuation score of .594. The change from the baseline score at day 196 is presented. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: baseline and treatment day 196
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.0052 |
| Placebo | 0.0154 |
Serum ferritin was measured before treatment and after 196 days under treatment. A positive value indicates an increase in serum ferritin from baseline at treatment day 196. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: baseline and treatment day 196
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 5.3 |
| Placebo | 2.0 |
The PGWBI questionnaire consisted of 22 questions that were answered using a 6-grade Likert scale. The minimum overall score was 22 and the maximum was 132. The higher the score, the better the well being of the participant. The observation phase was the last 4 weeks. The following 6 dimensions were derived from the questionnaire: anxiety, depressed mood, positive well-being, self-control, health, and vitality and the highest possible scores were 30, 18, 24, 18, 18, and 24, respectively. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: baseline and treatment day 84
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -1.0 |
| Placebo | -0.7 |
The PGWBI questionnaire consisted of 22 questions that were answered using a 6-grade Likert scale. The minimum overall score was 22 and the maximum was 132. The higher the score, the better the well being of the participant. The observation phase was the last 4 weeks. The following 6 dimensions were derived from the questionnaire: anxiety, depressed mood, positive well-being, self-control, health, and vitality and the highest possible scores were 30, 18, 24, 18, 18, and 24, respectively. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: baseline and treatment day 196
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.7 |
| Placebo | 1.0 |
The number of total sanitary protection items used during the 90-day run-in phase before treatment (baseline) and the number of total sanitary protection items used during the 90 days while under treatment was determined. A negative value indicates a reduction in the number of sanitary protection items used while under treatment compared to the number used before treatment. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: baseline and reference period of 90 days under treatment
| Intervention | Sanitary protection products (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -43.6 |
| Placebo | -21.2 |
A bleeding episode was one that lasted for at least 2 days, and where the bleeding days were separated by no more than 1 bleeding-free day. An episode stopped with 2 consecutive bleeding-free days. The number of episodes was determined for the 90 days before treatment and for the 90 days under treatment. A negative values indicates a reduction from baseline in the number of episodes while under treatment. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: baseline and reference period of 90 days under treatment
| Intervention | bleeding episodes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -0.5 |
| Placebo | -0.3 |
The number of bleeding days was determine for the 90 days before treatment (baseline) and for 90 days while under treatment. A negative value indicates a reduction in the number of bleeding days while under treatment compared to baseline. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: baseline and reference period of 90 days under treatment
| Intervention | bleeding days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -5.2 |
| Placebo | -2.0 |
The MFSQ was designed to measure aspects of female sexuality and asked about the participants' sexual experience during the last 4 weeks. Higher scores represent higher, more complete, or better integrated levels of female sexual function. Minimum and maximum possible values are 19 and 133. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: baseline and treatment day 84
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -3.5 |
| Placebo | 0.8 |
The MFSQ was designed to measure aspects of female sexuality and asked about the participants' sexual experience during the last 4 weeks. Higher scores represent higher, more complete, or better integrated levels of female sexual function. Minimum and maximum possible values are 19 and 133. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: baseline and treatment day 196
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -2.0 |
| Placebo | -0.8 |
Hemoglobin was measured before treatment and after 84 days under treatment. A positive value indicates an increase in hemoglobin from baseline at treatment day 84. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: baseline and treatment day 84
| Intervention | g/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.22 |
| Placebo | 0.17 |
Hemoglobin was measured before treatment and after 196 days under treatment. A positive value indicates an increase in hemoglobin from baseline at treatment day 196. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: baseline and treatment day 196
| Intervention | g/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.57 |
| Placebo | 0.20 |
Hematocrit was measured before treatment and after 196 days under treatment. A positive value indicates an increase in hematocrit from baseline at treatment day 196. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: baseline and treatment day 196
| Intervention | Percentage of blood volume (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 1.30 |
| Placebo | 0.09 |
The Health State Classification of the EQ-5D comprised 5 questions addressing mobility, self-care, usual activity, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Participants were asked to indicate their current health state by ticking the most appropriate of 3 statements about each of the questions (ie, no problems, some problems, extreme problems). The best possible answers were (1,1,1,1,1), which equals a valuation score of 1.0. The worst possible answers were (3,3,3,3,3), which equals a valuation score of .594. The change from the baseline score at day 84 is presented. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: baseline and treatment day 84
| Intervention | scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -0.0035 |
| Placebo | -0.0024 |
Participants were asked how many days and hours they missed from work during the past 12 weeks because of problems associated with DUB, not including the time missed to participate in this study. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: treatment day 84
| Intervention | day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.4 |
| Placebo | 0.7 |
The blood loss volume for participants with excessive bleeding (2 or more bleeding episodes each with blood loss volume of 80 mL or more during the run-in phase) was determined for the 90 days before treatment (ie, run-in phase) and for the 90 days under treatment. A negative value indicates a reduction in blood loss while under treatment compared to before treatment. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: baseline and reference period of 90 days under treatment
| Intervention | mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -411.9 |
| Placebo | -152.3 |
Menstrual blood loss was determined using the alkaline hematin method for the 90 days before treatment (baseline) and for 90 days under treatment. A negative value indicates a reduction in blood loss after treatment. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: Baseline and reference period of 90 days under treatment
| Intervention | mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -353.1 |
| Placebo | -130.4 |
Prolonged bleeding was defined as 2 or more bleeding episodes, each lasting 8 or more days in a 90-day period. Participants were considered cured if they had no bleeding episodes lasting more than 7 days and the decrease between the maximum duration during the run-in phase and the maximum duration during the efficacy phase was at least 2 days. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: during a time period of 90 days under treatment
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.154 |
| Placebo | 0.083 |
Serum ferritin was measured before treatment and after 84 days under treatment. A positive value indicates an increase in serum ferritin from baseline at treatment day 84. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: baseline and treatment day 84
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.2 |
| Placebo | -1.5 |
"The visual analogue scale (ie, thermometer) had endpoints of 100 (best imaginable health state) at the top, and 0 (worst imaginable health state) at the bottom. Participants rated their current health state by drawing a line from the box marked 'your own health state today' to the appropriate point on the thermometer scale. The change from baseline at day 196 is presented." (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: baseline and treatment day 196
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -0.07 |
| Placebo | -0.51 |
"The visual analogue scale (ie, thermometer) had endpoints of 100 (best imaginable health state) at the top, and 0 (worst imaginable health state) at the bottom. Participants rated their current health state by drawing a line from the box marked 'your own health state today' to the appropriate point on the thermometer scale. The change from baseline at day 84 is presented." (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: baseline and treatment day 84
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -2.07 |
| Placebo | -0.26 |
The MBL for each cycle includes intermenstrual bleeding in addition to withdrawal bleeding. Baseline MBL was the mean MBL of measured MBL during three cycles in the run-in Phase. One cycle was defined as 28 days. For this analysis, the run-in Phase was defined by the days 1 to 84 (= 3 cycles each of 28 days). End of Study MBL was measured during Cycle 7 of the Treatment Phase (data imputation and Last Observation Carried Forward was applied). (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: during a time period of 28 days under treatment
| Intervention | mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -114.60 |
| Placebo | -49.944 |
Menstrual blood loss volume was determined using the alkaline hematin method after participants were on treatment for one cycle (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: 28 days
| Intervention | mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 136.5 |
| Placebo | 146.9 |
Menstrual blood loss volume was determined using the alkaline hematin method after participants were on treatment for 3 cycles (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: 28 days
| Intervention | mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 59.9 |
| Placebo | 139.6 |
Menstrual blood loss volume was determined using the alkaline hematin methods after participants were on treatment for 7 cycles (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: 28 days
| Intervention | mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 41.3 |
| Placebo | 113.3 |
The blood loss volume for participants with excessive bleeding (2 or more bleeding episodes each with blood loss volume of 80 mL or more during the run-in phase) was determined using the alkaline hematin method after participants were on treatment for one cycle. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: 28 days
| Intervention | mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 206.1 |
| Placebo | 194.7 |
The blood loss volume for participants with excessive bleeding (2 or more bleeding episodes each with blood loss volume of 80 mL or more during the run-in phase) was determined using the alkaline hematin method after participants were on treatment for 3 cycles. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: 28 days
| Intervention | mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 67.1 |
| Placebo | 147.4 |
The blood loss volume for participants with excessive bleeding (2 or more bleeding episodes each with blood loss volume of 80 mL or more during the run-in phase) was determined using the alkaline hematin method after participants were on treatment for 7 cycles. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: 28 days
| Intervention | mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 47.5 |
| Placebo | 116.9 |
Excessive bleeding was defined as 2 or more bleeding episodes each with blood loss volume of 80 mL or more in a 90-day period. Participants were considered cured if (1) the blood loss volume associated with each episode was less than 80 mL and (2) the blood loss volume associated with each bleeding episode represented a decrease of at least 50% from the average of the qualifying bleeding episodes, where the qualifying bleeding episodes were those with a blood loss volume ≥ 80 mL (per episode) that occurred during the run-in phase. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: during a time period of 90 days under treatment
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.385 |
| Placebo | 0.05 |
Frequent bleeding was defined as greater than 5 bleeding episodes, with a minimum of 20 bleeding days overall in a 90-day period. Participants were considered cured if they had no more than 4 bleeding episodes and the total number of bleeding days did not exceed 24 days and there was no increase in the total number of bleeding days in the efficacy phase as compared to the run-in phase. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: during a time period of 90 days under treatment
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.250 |
| Placebo | 0.0 |
The investigators assessed the participants' change in DUB symptoms at day 196 (visit 11) compared with admission to the study according to a scale of 1 (very much improved) to 7 (very much worse), using the following information: central laboratory data, physical examination, e-diary data, and participant interview. Improvement was defined as being classified as a score of 3 or less. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: from baseline up to treatment day 196
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.807 |
| Placebo | 0.419 |
The investigators assessed the participants' change in DUB symptoms at day 84 (visit 7) compared with admission to the study according to a scale of 1 (very much improved) to 7 (very much worse), using the following information: central laboratory data, physical examination, e-diary data, and participant interview. Improvement was defined as being classified as a score of 3 or less. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: from baseline up to treatment day 84
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.880 |
| Placebo | 0.509 |
Participants assessed their overall improvement at day 196 (visit 11) compared with their condition at admission to the study on a scale of 1 (very much improved) to 7 (very much worse). Improvement was defined as being classified as a score of 3 or less. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: from baseline up to treatment day 196
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.812 |
| Placebo | 0.383 |
Participants assessed their overall improvement at day 84 (visit 7) compared with their condition at admission to the study on a scale of 1 (very much improved) to 7 (very much worse). Improvement was defined as being classified as a score of 3 or less. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: from baseline up to treatment day 84
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.835 |
| Placebo | 0.426 |
Up to 8 criteria had to be met for complete response during 90-day period. No bleeding episodes (BE) >7 days, no >4 BE, no BE with MBL >=80 mL, no >1 BE increase from baseline, no increase from baseline in an individual participant's total number of bleeding days and total number of bleeding days not >24 days. Additionally, for participants included with prolonged bleeding: decrease between maximum duration during run-in and efficacy >=2 days excessive bleeding: MBL associated with each episode decreased by >=50% from average of qualifying episodes during run-in. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: during a time period of 90 days under treatment
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.292 |
| Placebo | 0.029 |
Participants were asked if they had any unscheduled procedures (eg, laparoscopy, laboratory tests, ultrasound) because of DUB during the past 12 weeks. The proportion of participants with such procedures is displayed. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: treatment day 196
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.024 |
| Placebo | 0.0 |
Participants were asked if they had any unscheduled procedures (eg, laparoscopy, laboratory tests, ultrasound) because of DUB during the past 12 weeks. The proportion of participants with such procedures is displayed. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: treatment day 84
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.012 |
| Placebo | 0.0 |
Participants were asked if they had any medical treatment (eg, prescribed medication, other treatment) because of DUB during the past 12 weeks. The proportion of participants with such treatment is displayed. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: treatment day 196
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.047 |
| Placebo | 0.043 |
Participants were asked if they had any medical treatment (eg, prescribed medication, other treatment) because of DUB during the past 12 weeks. The proportion of participants with such treatment is displayed. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: treatment day 84
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.047 |
| Placebo | 0.062 |
Participants were asked if there was any change in employment status in the last 12 weeks. The proportion of participants with a change is displayed. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: treatment day 196
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.129 |
| Placebo | 0.213 |
Participants were asked if there was any change in her employment status in the last 12 weeks. The proportion of participants with a change is displayed. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: treatment day 84
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.221 |
| Placebo | 0.106 |
Participants were asked how many days and hours were missed from work during the past 12 weeks because of problems associated with DUB, not including the time missed to participate in this study. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: treatment day 196
| Intervention | days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.2 |
| Placebo | 0.4 |
Participants were asked to specify out-of-pocket expenses because of DUB during the past 12 weeks, including over-the-counter medication, co-payments due to prescribed medication, and costs to travel to and from medical appointments. The proportion of participants with such expenses is displayed. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: treatment day 196
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.241 |
| Placebo | 0.314 |
Participants were asked to specify if they had out-of-pocket expenses because of DUB during the past 12 weeks, including over-the-counter medication (the name of the medication, the number of packages, and the cost per package), co-payments due to prescribed medication, and costs to travel to and from medical appointments. The proportion of participants with such expenses is displayed. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: treatment day 84
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.323 |
| Placebo | 0.407 |
Participants were asked to rate on a scale of 0 to 10, how much DUB affected their productivity while working during the past 12 weeks, where 0 represented that DUB had no effect on work and 10 represented that DUB completely prevented her from working. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: treatment day 196
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 2.40 |
| Placebo | 4.03 |
Participants were asked to rate on a scale of 0 to 10, how much their DUB affected productivity while working during the past 12 weeks, where 0 represented that DUB had no effect on work and 10 represented that DUB completely prevented her from working. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: treatment day 84
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 2.38 |
| Placebo | 3.07 |
Participants were asked if they had received ambulatory services (eg, home help, child care) because of DUB during the past 12 weeks. The proportion of participants who had received such services is displayed. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: treatment day 196
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.012 |
| Placebo | 0.0 |
Participants were asked if they had received ambulatory services (eg, home help, child care) because of DUB during the past 12 weeks. The proportion of participants who received such services is displayed. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: treatment day 84
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.0 |
| Placebo | 0.0 |
Participants were asked to rate on a scale of 0 to 10 how much DUB affected their ability to do regular daily activities, other than work at a job, during the past 12 weeks where 0 represented that DUB had no effect on daily activities and 10 represented that DUB completely prevented her from doing her daily activities. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: treatment day 196
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 2.48 |
| Placebo | 4.10 |
Participants were asked to rate on a scale of 0 to 10 how much DUB affected their ability to do their regular daily activities, other than work at a job, during the past 12 weeks where 0 represented that DUB had no effect on daily activities and 10 represented that DUB completely prevented her from doing daily activities. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: treatment day 84
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 2.81 |
| Placebo | 3.91 |
Participants were asked if they had any unscheduled outpatient visits to a hospital because of DUB during the past 12 weeks, not including visits that were due to participation in this study. The proportion of participants with such visits is displayed. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: treatment day 196
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.012 |
| Placebo | 0.0 |
Participants were asked if they had any unscheduled outpatient visits to a hospital because of DUB during the past 12 weeks, not including visits that were due to participation in this study. The proportion of participants with such visits is displayed. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: treatment day 84
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.012 |
| Placebo | 0.0 |
Participants were asked if they had any unscheduled visits to a physician (non-hospital medical care) because of DUB during the past 12 weeks, not including visits that were due to participation in this study. The proportion of participants with such visits is displayed. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: treatment day 196
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.024 |
| Placebo | 0.0 |
Participants were asked if they had any unscheduled visits to a physician (non-hospital medical care) because of DUB during the past 12 weeks, not including visits that were due to participation in this study. The proportion of participants with such visits is displayed. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: treatment day 84
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.012 |
| Placebo | 0.0 |
End of Study menstrual blood loss (MBL) ≤ 80 mL and a decrease to a value of ≤ 50% of the Baseline MBL was considered as treatment success. (NCT00293059)
Timeframe: during a time period of 28 days under treatment
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| End of study MBL <=80 mL | Decrease MBL >=50% of baseline MBL | Successful treatment | |
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.568 | 0.568 | 0.511 |
| Placebo | 0.183 | 0.217 | 0.133 |
The PGWBI questionnaire consisted of 22 questions that were answered using a 6-grade Likert scale. The minimum overall score was 22 and the maximum 132. The higher the score, the better the well-being of the patient. The observation phase was the last 4 weeks. The following 6 dimensions were derived from the questionnaire: anxiety, depressed mood, positive well-being, self-control, health, and vitality and the highest possible scores were 30, 18, 24, 18, 18, and 24, respectively. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Baseline (visit 5, day 1) and treatment day 84
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -1.2 |
| Placebo | 2.2 |
The PGWBI questionnaire consisted of 22 questions that were answered using a 6-grade Likert scale. The minimum overall score was 22 and the maximum 132. The higher the score, the better the well-being of the patient. The observation phase was the last 4 weeks. The following 6 dimensions were derived from the questionnaire: anxiety, depressed mood, positive well-being, self-control, health, and vitality and the highest possible scores were 30, 18, 24, 18, 18, and 24, respectively. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Baseline (visit 5, day 1) and treatment day 196
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -2.3 |
| Placebo | 4.6 |
The number of total sanitary protection items used during the 90 days before treatment (baseline) and those used during the 90 days while under treatment was determined. A negative value indicates a reduction in the number of sanitary protection items used while under treatment compared to baseline. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Baseline and reference period of 90 days under treatment. For patients who completed up to day 6 of treatment cycle 7, the efficacy phase started on the first day of treatment cycle 4, and continued through day 6 of treatment cycle 7
| Intervention | Sanitary protection products (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -38.4 |
| Placebo | -16.5 |
A bleeding episode is characterized by the following: • Bleeding for at least 2 days • Bleeding days can be separated by no more than 1 bleeding-free day • An episode stops with 2 consecutive bleeding-free days. The number of episodes was determined for the 90 days before treatment and for the 90 days under treatment. negative value indicates a reduction from baseline in the number of episodes while under treatment. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Baseline and reference period of 90 days under treatment. For patients who completed up to day 6 of treatment cycle 7, the efficacy phase started on the first day of treatment cycle 4, and continued through day 6 of treatment cycle 7
| Intervention | Bleeding episodes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -0.35 |
| Placebo | -0.38 |
A bleeding day is a day on which sanitary protection is required. The number of bleeding days was determined for the 90 days before treatment (baseline) and for 90 days while under treatment. A negative value indicates a reduction in the number of bleeding days while under treatment compared to baseline. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Baseline and reference period of 90 days under treatment. For patients who completed up to day 6 of treatment cycle 7, the efficacy phase started on the first day of treatment cycle 4, and continued through day 6 of treatment cycle 7
| Intervention | Bleeding days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -5.13 |
| Placebo | -3.08 |
The MFSQ was designed to measure aspects of female sexuality and asked about the patients´sexual experience during the last 4 weeks. Higher scores represent higher, more complete, or better integrated levels of female sexual function. Minimum and maximum values are 19 and 133. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Baseline (visit 5, day 1) and treatment day 84
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -1.2 |
| Placebo | 0.4 |
The MFSQ was designed to measure aspects of female sexuality and asked about the patients´sexual experience during the last 4 weeks. Higher scores represent higher, more complete, or better integrated levels of female sexual function. Minimum and maximum values are 19 and 133. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Baseline (visit 5, day 1) and treatment day 196
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -4.9 |
| Placebo | -2.4 |
Hemoglobin was measured before treatment and after 84 days under treatment. A positive value indicates an increase in hemoglobin from baseline at treatment day 84. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Baseline (visit 5) and treatment day 84
| Intervention | g/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.36 |
| Placebo | 0.12 |
Hemoglobin was measured before treatment and after 196 days under treatment. A positive value indicates an increase in hemoglobin from baseline at treatment day 196. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Baseline (visit 5) and treatment day 196
| Intervention | g/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.70 |
| Placebo | 0.06 |
Hematocrit was measured before treatment and after 196 days under treatment. A positive value indicates an increase in hematocrit from baseline at treatment day 196. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Baseline (visit 5) and treatment day 196
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 1.63 |
| Placebo | 0.08 |
Ferritin was measured before treatment and after 84 days under treatment. A positive value indicates an increase in ferritin from baseline at treatment day 84. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Baseline (visit 5, day 1) and treatment day 84
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 2.8 |
| Placebo | 0.0 |
Ferritin was measured before treatment and after 196 days under treatment. A positive value indicates an increase in ferritin from baseline at treatment day 196. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Baseline (visit 5, day 1) and treatment day 196
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 8.6 |
| Placebo | 0.5 |
The health state classification of the EQ-5D comprises 5 questions addressing mobility, self-care, usual activity, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Patients were asked to indicate their current health state by ticking the most appropriate of 3 statements about each of the questions (ie, no problems, some problems, extreme problems). The best possible answers were (1,1,1,1,1), which equals a valuation score of 1.0. The worst possible answers were (3,3,3,3,3), which equals a score of .594. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Baseline (visit 5, day 1) and treatment day 196
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -0.0191 |
| Placebo | 0.0116 |
Blood loss volume as assessed by the alkaline hematin method for participants with excessive bleeding (2 or more bleeding episodes each with blood loss volume of 80 ml or more during the run-in phase) for the 90 days before treatment (ie, run-in phase) and for the 90 days under treatment. A negative value indicates a reduction in blood loss while under treatment compared to before treatment. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Baseline and reference period of 90 days under treatment. For patients who completed up to day 6 of treatment cycle 7, the efficacy phase started on the first day of treatment cycle 4, and continued through day 6 of treatment cycle 7
| Intervention | ml (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -480.6 |
| Placebo | -94.2 |
Menstrual blood loss volume as assessed by the alkaline hematin method for the 90 days before treatment (baseline) and for 90 days under treatment. This spectrophotometrical method measures hemoglobin (Hb) in fixed amount of alkaline solution, taken from pool of solution in which materials (used sanitary protection) to be tested have been macerated for Hb extraction. A negative value indicates a reduction in blood loss after treatment. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Baseline and reference period of 90 days under treatment. For patients who completed up to day 6 of treatment cycle 7, the efficacy phase started on the first day of treatment cycle 4, and continued through day 6 of treatment cycle 7
| Intervention | ml (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -458.4 |
| Placebo | -93.2 |
End of Study menstrual blood loss (MBL) ≤ 80 mL and a decrease to a value of ≤ 50% of the Baseline MBL was considered as treatment success. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: during a time period of 28 days under treatment
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| End of study MBL <=80 mL | Decrease MBL >=50% of baseline MBL | Successful treatment | |
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.758 | 0.788 | 0.720 |
| Placebo | 0.133 | 0.133 | 0.107 |
The patient was asked if she had any unscheduled outpatient visits to a physician (non-hospital medical care) because of her DUB during the past 12 weeks, not including visits that were due to her participation in this study. She was also asked to indicate the number of visits. The proportion of participants with such visits are displayed. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Treatment day 84
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.058 |
| Placebo | 0.031 |
The patient was asked if she had any unscheduled outpatient visits to a physician (non-hospital medical care) because of her DUB during the past 12 weeks, not including visits that were due to her participation in this study. She was also asked to indicate the number of visits. The proportion of participants with such visits are displayed. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Treatment day 196
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.031 |
| Placebo | 0.015 |
The patient was asked if she had any unscheduled outpatient visits to a hospital because of her DUB during the past 12 weeks, not including visits that were due to her participation in this study. She was also asked to indicate the number of visits. The proportion of participants with any unscheduled outpatient visits are displayed. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Treatment day 84
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.008 |
| Placebo | 0.0 |
The patient was asked if she had any unscheduled outpatient visits to a hospital because of her DUB during the past 12 weeks, not including visits that were due to her participation in this study. She was also asked to indicate the number of visits. The proportion of participants with any unscheduled outpatient visits are displayed. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Treatment day 196
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.008 |
| Placebo | 0.0 |
The patient was asked to rate on a scale of 0 to 10, how much her DUB affected her ability to do her regular daily activities, other than work at a job, during the past 12 weeks, where 0 represented that her DUB had no effect on her daily activities and 10 represented that her DUB completely prevented her from doing her daily activities. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Treatment day 84
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 2.1 |
| Placebo | 3.2 |
The patient was asked to rate on a scale of 0 to 10, how much her DUB affected her ability to do her regular daily activities, other than work at a job, during the past 12 weeks, where 0 represented that her DUB had no effect on her daily activities and 10 represented that her DUB completely prevented her from doing her daily activities. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Treatment day 196
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 2.0 |
| Placebo | 3.2 |
The patient was asked if she received ambulatory services (eg, home help, child care) because of her DUB during the past 12 weeks, and if yes, how many hours per week. The proportion of participants with such services are displayed. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Treatment day 84
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.0 |
| Placebo | 0.0 |
The patient was asked if she received ambulatory services (eg, home help, child care) because of her DUB during the past 12 weeks, and if yes, how many hours per week. The proportion of participants with such services are displayed. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Treatment day 196
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.0 |
| Placebo | 0.0 |
The patient was asked to rate on a scale of 0 to 10, how much her DUB affected her productivity while she was working during the past 12 weeks, where 0 represented that her DUB had no effect on her work and 10 represented that her DUB completely prevented her from working. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Treatment day 196
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 1.8 |
| Placebo | 3.1 |
The patient was asked if she had any medical treatment (eg, prescribed medication, other treatment) because of her DUB during the past 12 weeks, and to specify the cost. The proportion of participants with such treatment are displayed. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Treatment day 84
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.966 |
| Placebo | 0.954 |
The patient was asked if she had any medical treatment (eg, prescribed medication, other treatment) because of her DUB during the past 12 weeks, and to specify the cost. The proportion of participants with such treatment are displayed. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Treatment day 196
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.977 |
| Placebo | 0.985 |
The patient was asked to specify her out-of pocket expenses because of her DUB during the past 12 weeks, including over-the-counter medication (the name of the medication, the number of packages, and the cost per package), co-payments due to prescribed medication, and costs to travel to and from medical appointments. The proportion of participants with no out-of pocket expenses are displayed. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Treatment day 84
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.855 |
| Placebo | 0.881 |
The patient was asked to specify her out-of pocket expenses because of her DUB during the past 12 weeks, including over-the-counter medication (the name of the medication, the number of packages, and the cost per package), co-payments due to prescribed medication, and costs to travel to and from medical appointments. The proportion of participants with no out-of pocket expenses are displayed. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Treatment day 196
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.920 |
| Placebo | 0.879 |
The patient was asked how many days and hours she missed from work during the past 12 weeks because of her problems associated with her DUB, not including the time missed to participate in this study. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Treatment day 84
| Intervention | days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.14 |
| Placebo | 0.27 |
The patient was asked how many days and hours she missed from work during the past 12 weeks because of her problems associated with her DUB, not including the time missed to participate in this study. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Treatment day 196
| Intervention | days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.13 |
| Placebo | 0.52 |
The patient was asked if there was any change in her employment status in the last 12 weeks and was asked to specify the number of hours per week. The proportion of participants with such changes are displayed. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Treatment day 84
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.095 |
| Placebo | 0.152 |
The patient was asked if there was any change in her employment status in the last 12 weeks and was asked to specify the number of hours per week. The proportion of participants with such changes are displayed. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Treatment day 196
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.098 |
| Placebo | 0.087 |
The patient was asked if she had any unscheduled procedures (eg, laparoscopy, laboratory tests, ultrasound) because of her DUB during the past 12 weeks. The proportion of participants with such procedures are displayed. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Treatment day 84
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.0 |
| Placebo | 0.0 |
The patient was asked if she had any unscheduled procedures (eg, laparoscopy, laboratory tests, ultrasound) because of her DUB during the past 12 weeks. The proportion of participants with such procedures are displayed. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Treatment day 196
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.0 |
| Placebo | 0.0 |
The patient was asked to rate on a scale of 0 to 10, how much her DUB affected her productivity while she was working during the past 12 weeks, where 0 represented that her DUB had no effect on her work and 10 represented that her DUB completely prevented her from working. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Treatment day 84
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 2.0 |
| Placebo | 3.1 |
At least 6, up to 8 criteria to be met in complete response during 90-day period: no bleeding episodes(BE) >7 days, no >4 BE, no BE with blood loss (menstrual blood loss, MBL) ≥80 mL, no >1 BE increase from baseline, no increase from baseline in individual patient's total number of bleeding days and total number of bleeding days not >24 days. Additionally, for subjects included with prolonged bleeding: decrease between maximum duration during run-in and efficacy ≥2 days excessive bleeding: MBL associated with each episode decreased by ≥50% from average of qualifying episodes during run-in. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Efficacy phase was defined as a 90-day period under treatment. For patients who completed up to day 6 of treatment cycle 7, the efficacy phase started on the first day of treatment cycle 4, and continued through day 6 of treatment cycle 7
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.295 |
| Placebo | 0.012 |
"According to the patient's global assessment scale improved was defined as being classified as 'very much improved', 'much improved', or 'improved' and not improved was defined as being classified as 'no change', 'worse', 'much worse', 'very much worse', or 'not assessed'. Patients assessed the overall improvement at day 84 compared with admission to the study condition." (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: From baseline (visit 5, day 1) up to treatment day 84
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.724 |
| Placebo | 0.529 |
"According to the patient´s global assessment scale improved was defined as being classified as 'very much improved', 'much improved', or 'improved' and not improved was defined as being classified as 'no change', 'worse', 'much worse', 'very much worse', or 'not assessed'. Patients assessed the overall improvement at day 196 compared with admission to the study condition." (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: From baseline (visit 5, day 1) up to treatment day 196
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.779 |
| Placebo | 0.451 |
"The visual analogue scale (ie, thermometer) had endpoints of 100 (best imaginable health state) at the top, and 0 (worst imaginable health state) at the bottom. Patients rated their current health state by drawing a line from the box marked your own health state today to the appropriate point on the thermometer scale." (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Baseline (visit 5, day 1) and treatment day 196
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -3.00 |
| Placebo | 2.69 |
"According to the investigator's global assessment scale improved was defined as being classified as 'very much improved', 'much improved', or 'improved' and not improved was defined as being classified as 'no change', 'worse', 'much worse', 'very much worse', or 'not assessed'. Central laboratory data, physical examination, e-diary data, and patient interview were used as sources for the assessment at day 84 compared with admission to study data." (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: From baseline (visit 5, day 1) up to treatment day 84
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.838 |
| Placebo | 0.394 |
"According to the investigator's global assessment scale improved was defined as being classified as 'very much improved', 'much improved', or 'improved' and not improved was defined as being classified as 'no change', 'worse', 'much worse', 'very much worse', or 'not assessed'. Central laboratory data, physical examination, e-diary data, and patient interview were used as sources for the assessment at day 196 compared with admission to study data." (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: From baseline (visit 5, day 1) up to treatment day 196
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.847 |
| Placebo | 0.395 |
Prolonged bleeding: 2 or more bleeding episodes, each lasting 8 or more days. Cure from prolonged bleeding: no bleeding episodes lasting more than 7 days and the decrease between maximum duration during run-in and maximum duration during the efficacy phase was at least 2 days. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Efficacy phase was defined as a 90-day period under treatment. For patients who completed up to day 6 of treatment cycle 7, the efficacy phase started on the first day of treatment cycle 4, and continued through day 6 of treatment cycle 7
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.350 |
| Placebo | 0.100 |
Excessive bleeding:>=2 bleeding episodes each with blood loss volume (MBL) of >=80 mL in 90-day period, assessed by alkaline hematin method. This spectrophotometrical method measures hemoglobin (Hb) in fixed amount of alkaline solution, taken from pool of solution in which materials (used sanitary protection) to be tested have been macerated for Hb extraction. Cure from excessive bleeding: MBL in each episode <80 mL + blood loss volume associated with each bleeding episode is decrease of ≥50% from average of qualifying bleeding episodes (with blood loss volume ≥80 mL per episode during run-in) (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Efficacy phase was defined as a 90-day period under treatment. For patients who completed up to day 6 of treatment cycle 7, the efficacy phase started on the first day of treatment cycle 4, and continued through day 6 of treatment cycle 7
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.441 |
| Placebo | 0.013 |
Blood loss volume as assessed by the alkaline hematin method for participants with excessive bleeding (2 or more bleeding episodes each with blood loss volume of 80 ml or more during the run-in phase) after participants were on treatment for 7 cycles. This spectrophotometrical method measures hemoglobin (Hb) in fixed amount of alkaline solution, taken from pool of solution in which materials (used sanitary protection) to be tested have been macerated for Hb extraction. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Cycle 7 = 28 days (one cycle)
| Intervention | ml (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 46.7 |
| Placebo | 168.6 |
Blood loss volume as assessed by the alkaline hematin method for participants with excessive bleeding (2 or more bleeding episodes each with blood loss volume of 80 ml or more during the run-in phase) after participants were on treatment for 3 cycles. This spectrophotometrical method measures hemoglobin (Hb) in fixed amount of alkaline solution, taken from pool of solution in which materials (used sanitary protection) to be tested have been macerated for Hb extraction. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Cycle 3 = 28 days (one cycle)
| Intervention | ml (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 72.1 |
| Placebo | 188.4 |
Blood loss volume as assessed by the alkaline hematin method for participants with excessive bleeding (2 or more bleeding episodes each with blood loss volume of 80 ml or more during the run-in phase) after participants were on treatment for one cycle. This spectrophotometrical method measures hemoglobin (Hb) in fixed amount of alkaline solution, taken from pool of solution in which materials (used sanitary protection) to be tested have been macerated for Hb extraction. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 = 28 days (one cycle)
| Intervention | ml (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 207.8 |
| Placebo | 238.9 |
Menstrual blood loss volume as assessed by the alkaline hematin method after patients were on treatment for 7 cycles. This spectrophotometrical method measures hemoglobin (Hb) in fixed amount of alkaline solution, taken from pool of solution in which materials (used sanitary protection) to be tested have been macerated for Hb extraction. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Cycle 7 = 28 days (one cycle)
| Intervention | ml (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 44.6 |
| Placebo | 167.2 |
Menstrual blood loss volume as assessed by the alkaline hematin method after patients were on treatment for 3 cycles. This spectrophotometrical method measures hemoglobin (Hb) in fixed amount of alkaline solution, taken from pool of solution in which materials (used sanitary protection) to be tested have been macerated for Hb extraction. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Cycle 3 = 28 days (one cycle)
| Intervention | ml (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 68.3 |
| Placebo | 195.1 |
Menstrual blood loss volume as assessed by the alkaline hematin method after patients were on treatment for one cycle. This spectrophotometrical method measures hemoglobin (Hb) in fixed amount of alkaline solution, taken from pool of solution in which materials (used sanitary protection) to be tested have been macerated for Hb extraction. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 = 28 days (one cycle)
| Intervention | ml (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 175.6 |
| Placebo | 194.3 |
The MBL for each cycle includes intermenstrual bleeding in addition to withdrawal bleeding. Baseline MBL was the mean MBL of measured MBL during three cycles in the run-in Phase. One cycle was defined as 28 days. For this analysis, the run-in Phase was defined by the days 1 to 84 (= 3 cycles each of 28 days). End of Study MBL was measured during Cycle 7 of the Treatment Phase (data imputation and Last Observation Carried Forward was applied). (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: during a time period of 28 days under treatment
| Intervention | mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -169.94 |
| Placebo | 4.628 |
"The visual analogue scale (ie, thermometer) had endpoints of 100 (best imaginable health state) at the top, and 0 (worst imaginable health state) at the bottom. Patients rated their current health state by drawing a line from the box marked your own health state today to the appropriate point on the thermometer scale." (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Baseline (visit 5, day 1) and treatment day 84
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -1.63 |
| Placebo | 0.62 |
The health state classification of the EQ-5D comprises 5 questions addressing mobility, self-care, usual activity, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Patients were asked to indicate their current health state by ticking the most appropriate of 3 statements about each of the questions (ie, no problems, some problems, extreme problems). The best possible answers were (1,1,1,1,1), which equals a valuation score of 1.0. The worst possible answers were (3,3,3,3,3), which equals a score of .594. (NCT00307801)
Timeframe: Baseline (visit 5, day 1) and treatment day 84
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -0.0041 |
| Placebo | 0.0082 |
Change from Baseline to Cycle 13 in the overall enjoyment and satisfaction experienced during the past week as scored on the Q-LES-Q (social relationship - 11 items). 1-5 scale (very poor, poor, fair, good, very good). The normalized score ranges from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The change in the normalized score ranges from -100 (worst) to 100 (best). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 1.01 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 1.75 |
Change from Baseline to Cycle 13 in the overall enjoyment and satisfaction experienced during the past week as scored on the Q-LES-Q (work - yes or no; if yes, then 4 choices, and 13 items with a scale of 1-5 [very poor, poor, fair, good, very good]). The normalized score ranges from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The change in the normalized score ranges from -100 (worst) to 100 (best). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -1.38 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | -1.71 |
Change from Baseline to Cycle 6 in the overall enjoyment and satisfaction experienced during the past week as scored on the Q-LES-Q (general activities - 16 items). 1-5 scale (very poor, poor, fair, good, very good). The normalized score ranges from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The change in the normalized score ranges from -100 (worst) to 100 (best). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.56 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 1.27 |
Change from Baseline to Cycle 6 in the overall enjoyment and satisfaction experienced during the past week as scored on the Q-LES-Q (household duties - yes or no; if yes, then 4 choices, and 10 items with a scale of 1-5 [very poor, poor, fair, good, very good]). The normalized score ranges from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The change in the normalized score ranges from -100 (worst) to 100 (best). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 1.50 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 3.08 |
Change from Baseline to Cycle 6 in the overall enjoyment and satisfaction experienced during the past week as scored on the Q-LES-Q (item satisfaction). 1-5 scale (very poor, poor, fair, good, very good). The normalized score ranges from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The change in the normalized score ranges from -100 (worst) to 100 (best). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -0.1 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 0.1 |
Change from Baseline to Cycle 6 in the overall enjoyment and satisfaction experienced during the past week as scored on the Q-LES-Q (leisure time activities - 6 items). 1-5 scale (very poor, poor, fair, good, very good). The normalized score ranges from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The change in the normalized score ranges from -100 (worst) to 100 (best). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 1.22 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 2.77 |
Change from Baseline to Cycle 6 in the overall enjoyment and satisfaction experienced during the past week as scored on the Q-LES-Q (overall life satisfaction and contentment). 1-5 scale (very poor, poor, fair, good, very good). The normalized score ranges from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The change in the normalized score ranges from -100 (worst) to 100 (best). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -0.1 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 0.0 |
Change from Baseline to Cycle 6 in the overall enjoyment and satisfaction experienced during the past week as scored on the Q-LES-Q (participant feeling - 14 items). 1-5 scale (very poor, poor, fair, good, very good). The normalized score ranges from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The change in the normalized score ranges from -100 (worst) to 100 (best). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.12 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 2.19 |
Change from Baseline to Cycle 6 in the overall enjoyment and satisfaction experienced during the past week as scored on the Q-LES-Q (school / course work - yes or no; if yes, then 4 choices, and 10 items with a scale of 1-5 (very poor, poor, fair, good, very good). The normalized score ranges from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The change in the normalized score ranges from -100 (worst) to 100 (best). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -0.18 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 5.13 |
Change from Baseline to Cycle 6 in the overall enjoyment and satisfaction experienced during the past week as scored on the Q-LES-Q (social relationship - 11 items). 1-5 scale (very poor, poor, fair, good, very good). The normalized score ranges from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The change in the normalized score ranges from -100 (worst) to 100 (best). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -0.30 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 0.41 |
Change from Baseline to Cycle 6 in the overall enjoyment and satisfaction experienced during the past week as scored on the Q-LES-Q (work - yes or no; if yes, then 4 choices, and 13 items with a scale of 1-5 [very poor, poor, fair, good, very good]). The normalized score ranges from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The change in the normalized score ranges from -100 (worst) to 100 (best). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.54 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 0.08 |
Reference Period 1 is defined as Day 1 to Day 90 during study treatment and includes the initial bleeding episode that triggered the first intake of study medication, meaning that the first treatment cycle includes 2 bleeding episodes. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 1 to Day 90
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 4.82 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 6.20 |
Reference Period 2 is defined as Day 91 to Day 180 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 91 to Day 180
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 4.46 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 5.71 |
Reference Period 3 is defined as Day 181 to Day 270 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 181 to Day 270
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 4.70 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 5.85 |
Reference Period 4 is defined as Day 271 to Day 360 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 271 to Day 360
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 4.25 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 5.65 |
Reference Period 1 is defined as Day 1 to Day 90 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 1 to Day 90
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 2.64 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 2.53 |
Reference Period 2 is defined as Day 91 to Day 180 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 91 to Day 180
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 2.74 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 2.77 |
Reference Period 3 is defined as Day 181 to Day 270 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 181 to Day 270
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 2.75 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 2.44 |
Reference Period 4 is defined as Day 271 to Day 360 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 271 to Day 360
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 2.77 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 2.10 |
Reference Period 1 is defined as Day 1 to Day 90 during study treatment and includes the initial bleeding episode that triggered the first intake of study medication, meaning that the first treatment cycle includes 2 bleeding episodes. (Episode is a set of days with bleeding/spotting) (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 1 to Day 90
| Intervention | Episodes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 3.6 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 3.7 |
Reference Period 2 is defined as Day 91 to Day 180 during study treatment. (Episode is a set of days with bleeding/spotting) (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 91 to Day 180
| Intervention | Episodes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 3.3 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 3.4 |
Reference Period 3 is defined as Day 181 to Day 270 during study treatment. (Episode is a set of days with bleeding/spotting) (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 181 to Day 270
| Intervention | Episodes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 3.0 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 3.3 |
Reference Period 4 is defined as Day 271 to Day 360 during study treatment. (Episode is a set of days with bleeding/spotting) (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 271 to Day 360
| Intervention | Episodes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 3.0 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 3.7 |
Reference Period 1 is defined as Day 1 to Day 90 during study treatment and includes the initial bleeding episode that triggered the first intake of study medication, meaning that the first treatment cycle includes 2 bleeding episodes. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 1 to Day 90
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 19.0 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 23.7 |
Reference Period 2 is defined as Day 91 to Day 180 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 91 to Day 180
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 1.3 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 18.8 |
Reference Period 3 is defined as Day 181 to Day 270 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 181 to Day 270
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 14.1 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 19.1 |
Reference Period 4 is defined as Day 271 to Day 360 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 271 to Day 360
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 12.8 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 19.4 |
Reference Period 1 is defined as Day 1 to Day 90 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 1 to Day 90
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 9.3 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 8.6 |
Reference Period 2 is defined as Day 91 to Day 180 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 91 to Day 180
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 6.8 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 6.4 |
Reference Period 3 is defined as Day 181 to Day 270 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 181 to Day 270
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 6.6 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 6.3 |
Reference Period 4 is defined as Day 271 to Day 360 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 271 to Day 360
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 5.6 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 5.6 |
Intracyclic bleeding is any unexpected bleeding episode occurring in cyclical treatment regimens. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 1 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 1.5 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 0.5 |
Intracyclic bleeding is any unexpected bleeding episode occurring in cyclical treatment regimens. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.5 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 0.4 |
Intracyclic bleeding is any unexpected bleeding episode occurring in cyclical treatment regimens. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 3 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 1.4 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 0.7 |
Intracyclic bleeding is any unexpected bleeding episode occurring in cyclical treatment regimens. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.9 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 1.1 |
Intracyclic bleeding is any unexpected bleeding episode occurring in cyclical treatment regimens. (Episode is a set of days with intracyclic bleeding) (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 1 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Episodes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.3 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 0.1 |
Intracyclic bleeding is any unexpected bleeding episode occurring in cyclical treatment regimens. (Episode is a set of days with intracyclic bleeding) (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Episodes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.2 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 0.1 |
Intracyclic bleeding is any unexpected bleeding episode occurring in cyclical treatment regimens. (Episode is a set of days with intracyclic bleeding) (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 3 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Episodes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.2 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 0.2 |
Intracyclic bleeding is any unexpected bleeding episode occurring in cyclical treatment regimens. (Episode is a set of days with intracyclic bleeding) (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Episodes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.2 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 0.2 |
Reference Period 1 is defined as Day 1 to Day 90 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 1 to Day 90
| Intervention | Episodes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 1.2 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 0.5 |
Reference Period 2 is defined as Day 91 to Day 180 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 91 to Day 180
| Intervention | Episodes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 1.0 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 0.5 |
Reference Period 3 is defined as Day 181 to Day 270 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 181 to Day 270
| Intervention | Episodes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.7 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 0.3 |
Reference Period 4 is defined as Day 271 to Day 360 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 271 to Day 360
| Intervention | Episodes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.6 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 0.2 |
Onset was defined as the number of days between progestogen withdrawal and the first day of the withdrawal bleeding episode (ie, starting on or after Day 25 for EV/DNG and on or after Day 22 for EE/NGM). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 1 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 4.7 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 4.0 |
Change from Baseline to Cycle 6 in the overall enjoyment and satisfaction experienced during the past week as scored on the Q-LES-Q (physical health - 13 items). 1-5 scale (very poor, poor, fair, good, very good). The normalized score ranges from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The change in the normalized score ranges from -100 (worst) to 100 (best). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 1.13 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 3.44 |
Onset was defined as the number of days between progestogen withdrawal and the first day of the withdrawal bleeding episode (ie, starting on or after Day 25 for EV/DNG and on or after Day 22 for EE/NGM). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 3 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 4.3 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 3.3 |
Onset was defined as the number of days between progestogen withdrawal and the first day of the withdrawal bleeding episode (ie, starting on or after Day 25 for EV/DNG and on or after Day 22 for EE/NGM). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 5.3 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 3.1 |
Subject self-assessed pelvic pain or headache per visual analog scale (VAS) values during the menstrual/withdrawal bleeding episode and Baseline. The VAS consists of a 100 mm long straight line, with verbal anchors at either end, representing a continuum of pain intensity. Accordingly, the scale ranges from 0 mm (absence of pain) to 100 mm (unbearable pain), and the change ranges from -100 mm (best) to 100 mm (worst). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Day 22-28 from Baseline to Day 22-28 from Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | mm (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 43.05 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 34.97 |
Subject self-assessed pelvic pain or headache per visual analog scale (VAS) values during the menstrual/withdrawal bleeding episode and Baseline. The VAS consists of a 100 mm long straight line, with verbal anchors at either end, representing a continuum of pain intensity. Accordingly, the scale ranges from 0 mm (absence of pain) to 100 mm (unbearable pain), and the change ranges from -100 mm (best) to 100 mm (worst). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Days 22-28 from Baseline to Days 22-28 from Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | mm (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 43.60 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 34.55 |
Pain (pelvic, headache, bloating or swelling, breast tenderness, nausea or vomiting) during menstrual/withdrawal bleeding (WB) episode during cycle Days 1-21. Scores per day: 0 No pain; 1 Mild pain with no need for painkiller; 2 Moderate pain with need for painkiller; 3 Severe pain with need for painkiller. Baseline period: cycle Days 1-21 before 1st menstrual bleeding (normalized to a 21-day period). Treatment period: cycle Days 1-21 before WB of 13th treatment cycle (normalized to a 21-day period). Score difference min -21 (best), max 21 (worst). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Day 1-21 from Baseline to Day 1-21 from Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headache | Pelvic pain | Bloating or swelling | Breast tenderness | Nausea or vomiting | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -1.121 | -0.274 | -0.492 | -0.274 | -0.298 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | -0.767 | -0.643 | -0.279 | -0.217 | -0.240 |
Pain (pelvic, headache, bloating or swelling, breast tenderness, nausea or vomiting) during menstrual/withdrawal bleeding (WB) episode (cycle Days 22-28). Scores per day: 0 No pain; 1 Mild pain with no need for painkiller; 2 Moderate pain with need for painkiller; 3 Severe pain with need for painkiller. Score difference min -2 (best), max 2 (worst) for the EV/DNG group and min -7 (best), max 7 (worst) for the EE/NGM group. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Cycle 13 (cycle Days 27 to 28 for EV/DNG and cycle Days 22 to 28 for EE/NGM, 28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headache | Pelvic pain | Bloating or swelling | Breast tenderness | Nausea or vomiting | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -0.537 | -0.322 | -0.107 | -0.033 | -0.033 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | -1.419 | -2.065 | -1.379 | -0.677 | -0.266 |
Pain (pelvic, headache, bloating or swelling, breast tenderness, nausea or vomiting) during menstrual/withdrawal bleeding (WB) episode during cycle Days 22-28. Scores per day: 0 No pain; 1 Mild pain with no need for painkiller; 2 Moderate pain with need for painkiller; 3 Severe pain with need for painkiller. Baseline period: cycle Days 22-28 before 1st menstrual bleeding (normalized to a 7-day period). Treatment period: cycle Days 22-28 before WB of 13th treatment cycle (normalized to a 7-day period). Score difference min -7 (best), max 7 (worst). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Day 22-28 from Baseline to Day 22-28 from Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headache | Pelvic pain | Bloating or swelling | Breast tenderness | Nausea or vomiting | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -1.909 | -2.091 | -0.959 | -0.545 | -0.248 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | -1.419 | -2.065 | -1.379 | -0.677 | -0.266 |
Pain (pelvic, headache, bloating or swelling, breast tenderness, nausea or vomiting) during menstrual/withdrawal bleeding (WB) episode during cycle Days 1-21. Scores per day: 0 No pain; 1 Mild pain with no need for painkiller; 2 Moderate pain with need for painkiller; 3 Severe pain with need for painkiller. Baseline period: cycle Days 1-21 before 1st menstrual bleeding (normalized to a 21-day period). Treatment period: cycle Days 1-21 before WB of 6th treatment cycle (normalized to a 21-day period). Score difference min -21 (best), max 21 (worst). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Day 1-21 from Baseline to Day 1-21 from Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headache | Pelvic pain | Bloating or swelling | Breast tenderness | Nausea or vomiting | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -1.077 | -0.399 | -0.531 | -0.580 | -0.182 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | -0.968 | -0.624 | -0.210 | -0.248 | -0.172 |
Pain (pelvic, headache, bloating or swelling, breast tenderness, nausea or vomiting) during menstrual/withdrawal bleeding (WB) episode (cycle Days 22-28). Scores per day: 0 No pain; 1 Mild pain with no need for painkiller; 2 Moderate pain with need for painkiller; 3 Severe pain with need for painkiller. Score difference min -2 (best), max 2 (worst) for the estradiol valerate (EV)/dienogest (DNG) group and min -7 (best), max 7 (worst) for the ethinylestradiol (EE)/norgestimate (NGM) group. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Cycle 6 (cycle Days 27 to 28 for EV/DNG and cycle Days 22 to 28 for EE/NGM, 28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headache | Pelvic pain | Bloating or swelling | Breast tenderness | Nausea or vomiting | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -0.424 | -0.273 | -0.137 | -0.043 | -0.043 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | -1.425 | -1.830 | -1.131 | -0.497 | -0.229 |
Pain (pelvic, headache, bloating or swelling, breast tenderness, nausea or vomiting) during menstrual/withdrawal bleeding (WB) episode during cycle Days 22-28. Scores per day: 0 No pain; 1 Mild pain with no need for painkiller; 2 Moderate pain with need for painkiller; 3 Severe pain with need for painkiller. Baseline period: cycle Days 22-28 before 1st menstrual bleeding (normalized to a 7-day period). Treatment period: cycle Days 22-28 before WB of 6th treatment cycle until (normalized to a 7-day period). Score difference min -7 (best), max 7 (worst). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Day 22-28 from Baseline to Day 22-28 from Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headache | Pelvic pain | Bloating or swelling | Breast tenderness | Nausea or vomiting | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -1.950 | -1.921 | -1.179 | -0.536 | -0.207 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | -1.425 | -1.830 | -1.131 | -0.497 | -0.229 |
Change from Baseline to Cycle 13 in PGWBI Questionnaire's assessment of participant's overall sense of well-being or distress. The PGWBI includes 22 items that, apart from combining into a global overall score, are divided into 6 dimensions: anxiety, depressed mood, positive well-being, self-control, health, and vitality. The response format used a 6-grade Likert scale and the change in the normalized PGWBI global score as well as all the sub-domains score ranges from -100 (worst) to 100 (best). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global score | Anxiety | Depressed mood | Positive well-being | Self-control | General health | Vitality | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -0.14 | -1.2 | -0.65 | 0.60 | -0.49 | 0.86 | 0.28 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | -0.18 | -0.8 | -0.98 | 0.38 | -0.16 | 1.35 | -0.51 |
Change from Baseline to Cycle 6 in PGWBI Questionnaire's assessment of participant's overall sense of well-being or distress. The PGWBI includes 22 items that, apart from combining into a global overall score, are divided into 6 dimensions: anxiety, depressed mood, positive well-being, self-control, health, and vitality. The response format used a 6-grade Likert scale and the change in the normalized PGWBI global score as well as all the sub-domains score ranges from -100 (worst) to 100 (best). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global score | Anxiety | Depressed mood | Positive well-being | Self-control | General health | Vitality | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.41 | 0.3 | 0.18 | 49.66 | 0.69 | 81.81 | -0.17 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 1.10 | 2.8 | -1.04 | 50.29 | 0.12 | 81.12 | 0.19 |
Intracyclic bleeding is any unexpected bleeding episode occurring in cyclical treatment regimens. Intensity was scored as 1=none, 2=spotting, 3=light, 4=normal, or 5=heavy. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 1 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spotting | Light | Normal | Heavy | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 46.2 | 23.1 | 15.4 | 15.4 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 50.0 | 18.8 | 18.8 | 12.5 |
Intracyclic bleeding is any unexpected bleeding episode occurring in cyclical treatment regimens. Intensity was scored as 1=none, 2=spotting, 3=light, 4=normal, or 5=heavy. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spotting | Light | Normal | Heavy | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 31.6 | 52.6 | 10.5 | 5.3 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 57.1 | 0.0 | 28.6 | 14.3 |
Intracyclic bleeding is any unexpected bleeding episode occurring in cyclical treatment regimens. Intensity was scored as 1=none, 2=spotting, 3=light, 4=normal, or 5=heavy. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 3 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spotting | Light | Normal | Heavy | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 47.1 | 23.5 | 20.6 | 8.8 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 57.7 | 15.4 | 23.1 | 3.8 |
Intracyclic bleeding is any unexpected bleeding episode occurring in cyclical treatment regimens. Intensity was scored as 1=none, 2=spotting, 3=light, 4=normal, or 5=heavy. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spotting | Light | Normal | Heavy | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 44.4 | 25.9 | 18.5 | 11.1 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 61.3 | 3.2 | 19.4 | 16.1 |
Withdrawal bleeding is bleeding that occurs when using oral contraceptives (OCs) caused by falling levels and/or taking away external source of estrogen and progestogen toward cycle end. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 1 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| without withdrawal bleeding | with withdrawal bleeding | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 25.0 | 75.0 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 12.8 | 87.2 |
Withdrawal bleeding is bleeding that occurs when using oral contraceptives (OCs) caused by falling levels and/or taking away external source of estrogen and progestogen toward cycle end. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| without withdrawal bleeding | with withdrawal bleeding | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 58.2 | 41.8 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 19.1 | 80.9 |
Withdrawal bleeding is bleeding that occurs when using oral contraceptives (OCs) caused by falling levels and/or taking away external source of estrogen and progestogen toward cycle end. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 3 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| without withdrawal bleeding | with withdrawal bleeding | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 21.0 | 79.0 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 7.7 | 92.3 |
Withdrawal bleeding is bleeding that occurs when using oral contraceptives (OCs) caused by falling levels and/or taking away external source of estrogen and progestogen toward cycle end. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| without withdrawal bleeding | with withdrawal bleeding | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 17.7 | 82.3 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 8.3 | 91.7 |
Intracyclic bleeding is any unexpected bleeding episode occurring in cyclical treatment regimens. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Cycles 2 to 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 62.0 | 38.0 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 49.7 | 50.3 |
Intracyclic bleeding is any unexpected bleeding episode occurring in cyclical treatment regimens. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Cycles 2 to 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 53.8 | 46.2 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 40.5 | 59.5 |
CGI is used to collect information regarding the subject's total clinical experience. The assessment scale ranges from 0 to 7: (0=not assessed; 1=very much improved; 2=much improved; 3=minimally improved; 4=no change; 5=minimally worse; 6=much worse; 7=very much worse). The scale of 1, 2, and 3 were categorized as improvement. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Very much improved | Much improved | Minimally improved | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 37.9 | 32.3 | 15.3 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 20.3 | 26.6 | 27.3 |
CGI is used to collect information regarding the subject's total clinical experience. The assessment scale ranges from 0 to 7: (0=not assessed; 1=very much improved; 2=much improved; 3=minimally improved; 4=no change; 5=minimally worse; 6=much worse; 7=very much worse). The scale of 1, 2, and 3 were categorized as improvement. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Very much improved | Much improved | Minimally improved | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 21.1 | 41.5 | 27.2 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 20.0 | 25.2 | 33.5 |
In 1 section of the CGI the subject rates their total improvement and rate of satisfaction with sexuality during treatment. The assessment scale ranges from 0 to 7: (0=not assessed; 1=very much improved; 2=much improved; 3=minimally improved; 4=no change; 5=minimally worse; 6=much worse; 7=very much worse). The scale of 1, 2, and 3 were categorized as improvement. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Very much improved | Much improved | Minimally improved | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 33.9 | 35.5 | 16.9 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 17.2 | 25.0 | 28.1 |
In 1 section of the CGI the subject rates their total improvement and rate of satisfaction with sexuality during treatment. The assessment scale ranges from 0 to 7: (0=not assessed; 1=very much improved; 2=much improved; 3=minimally improved; 4=no change; 5=minimally worse; 6=much worse; 7=very much worse). The scale of 1, 2, and 3 were categorized as improvement. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Very much improved | Much improved | Minimally improved | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 25.2 | 32.7 | 29.3 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 11.6 | 30.3 | 32.2 |
Rescue medication was standardized intake of 200 mg Ibuprofen tablets. Baseline: 7 days (Day 22) before first menstrual bleeding to Day 28. Treatment: 7 days (Day 22) before withdrawal bleeding of 6th cycle to Day 28 before the same cycle. The visual analog scale (VAS) is a subject-assessed measure of pelvic pain or headache consisting of a 100 mm long straight line, with verbal anchors at either end, representing a continuum of pain intensity. Accordingly, the scale ranges from 0 mm (absence of pain) to 100 mm (unbearable pain), and the change ranges from -100 mm (best) to 100 mm (worst). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Day 22-28 from Baseline to Day 22-28 from Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 mm VAS decrease | 30 mm VAS decrease | 45 mm VAS decrease | 25% VAS decrease | 50% VAS decrease | 75% VAS decrease | Half-SD decrease | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 68.1 | 58.1 | 38.2 | 67.0 | 56.0 | 38.2 | 70.2 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 54.4 | 42.6 | 26.0 | 54.4 | 42.2 | 25.5 | 59.8 |
Intracyclic bleeding is any unexpected bleeding episode occurring in cyclical treatment regimens. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 1 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| with absence of intracyclic bleeding | without absence of intracyclic bleeding | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 78.3 | 21.7 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 91.5 | 8.5 |
Intracyclic bleeding is any unexpected bleeding episode occurring in cyclical treatment regimens. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| with absence of intracyclic bleeding | without absence of intracyclic bleeding | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 82.7 | 17.3 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 93.6 | 6.4 |
Intracyclic bleeding is any unexpected bleeding episode occurring in cyclical treatment regimens. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 3 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| with absence of intracyclic bleeding | without absence of intracyclic bleeding | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 79.6 | 20.4 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 85.7 | 14.3 |
Intracyclic bleeding is any unexpected bleeding episode occurring in cyclical treatment regimens. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| with absence of intracyclic bleeding | without absence of intracyclic bleeding | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 81.6 | 18.4 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 80.3 | 19.7 |
Rescue medication use was standardized intake of 200 mg Ibuprofen tablets. Baseline period: 7 days (Day 22) before the first menstrual bleeding until Day 28 (normalized to a standard 28-day cycle). Treatment period: 7 days (Day 22) before the withdrawal bleeding (WB) of the 13th treatment cycle until Day 28 before the same cycle (normalized to a standard 28-day cycle). Number of tablets taken by each subject, and then the Mean and standard deviation ((SD) derived. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Tablets (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Days 1-21 | Days 22-28 | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -2.3 | -5.3 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | -3.5 | -5.2 |
Rescue medication use was standardized intake of 200 mg Ibuprofen tablets. Baseline period: 7 days (Day 22) before the first menstrual bleeding until Day 28 (normalized to a standard 28-day cycle). Treatment period: 7 days (Day 22) before the withdrawal bleeding (WB) of the 6th treatment cycle until Day 28 of the same cycle (normalized to a standard 28-day cycle). Number of tablets taken by each subject, and then the Mean and standard deviation (SD) derived. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Tablets (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Days 1-21 | Days 22-28 | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -1.6 | -5.8 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | -3.0 | -4.6 |
Onset was defined as the number of days between progestogen withdrawal and the first day of the withdrawal bleeding episode (ie, starting on or after Day 25 for EV/DNG and on or after Day 22 for EE/NGM). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 1.1 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 2.1 |
Reference Period 1 is defined as Day 1 to Day 90 during study treatment and includes the initial bleeding episode that triggered the first intake of study medication, meaning that the first treatment cycle includes 2 bleeding episodes. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 1 to Day 90
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 1.2 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 0.5 |
Subject self-assessed pelvic pain or headache per visual analog scale (VAS) values during the menstrual/withdrawal bleeding episode and Baseline. The VAS consists of a 100 mm long straight line, with verbal anchors at either end, representing a continuum of pain intensity. Accordingly, the scale ranges from 0 mm (absence of pain) to 100 mm (unbearable pain), and the change ranges from -100 mm (best) to 100 mm (worst). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Days 22-28 from Baseline to Days 22-28 from Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | mm (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 45.89 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 39.19 |
Subject self-assessed pelvic pain or headache per visual analog scale (VAS) values during the menstrual/withdrawal bleeding episode and Baseline. The VAS consists of a 100 mm long straight line, with verbal anchors at either end, representing a continuum of pain intensity. Accordingly, the scale ranges from 0 mm (absence of pain) to 100 mm (unbearable pain), and the change ranges from -100 mm (best) to 100 mm (worst). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Days 22-28 from Baseline to Days 22-28 from Cycle 3 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | mm (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 36.92 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 32.28 |
Reference Period 1 is defined as Day 1 to Day 90 during study treatment and includes the initial bleeding episode that triggered the first intake of study medication, meaning that the first treatment cycle includes 2 bleeding episodes. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 1 to Day 90
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 5.1 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 5.1 |
Reference Period 2 is defined as Day 91 to Day 180 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 91 to Day 180
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 3.3 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 3.5 |
Reference Period 3 is defined as Day 181 to Day 270 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 181 to Day 270
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 3.0 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 3.1 |
Reference Period 4 is defined as Day 271 to Day 360 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 271 to Day 360
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 2.7 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 2.8 |
Reference Period 2 is defined as Day 91 to Day 180 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 91 to Day 180
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 1.0 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 0.7 |
Reference Period 3 is defined as Day 181 to Day 270 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 181 to Day 270
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 1.4 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 0.6 |
Reference Period 4 is defined as Day 271 to Day 360 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 271 to Day 360
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.9 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 0.2 |
Withdrawal bleeding is bleeding that occurs when using oral contraceptives (OCs) caused by falling levels and/or taking away external source of estrogen and progestogen toward cycle end. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 1 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 4.2 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 6.0 |
Withdrawal bleeding is bleeding that occurs when using oral contraceptives (OCs) caused by falling levels and/or taking away external source of estrogen and progestogen toward cycle end. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 4.8 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 5.5 |
Withdrawal bleeding is bleeding that occurs when using oral contraceptives (OCs) caused by falling levels and/or taking away external source of estrogen and progestogen toward cycle end. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 3 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 4.3 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 5.8 |
Withdrawal bleeding is bleeding that occurs when using oral contraceptives (OCs) caused by falling levels and/or taking away external source of estrogen and progestogen toward cycle end. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 4.6 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 5.7 |
Intensity was scored as 1=none, 2=spotting, 3=light, 4=normal, or 5=heavy. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 1 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 3.2 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 4.0 |
Intensity was scored as 1=none, 2=spotting, 3=light, 4=normal, or 5=heavy. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 3.5 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 4.1 |
Intensity was scored as 1=none, 2=spotting, 3=light, 4=normal, or 5=heavy. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 3 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 3.2 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 4.2 |
Intensity was scored as 1=none, 2=spotting, 3=light, 4=normal, or 5=heavy. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 3.4 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 4.0 |
Reference Period 1 is defined as Day 1 to Day 90 during study treatment and includes the initial bleeding episode that triggered the first intake of study medication, meaning that the first treatment cycle includes 2 bleeding episodes. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 1 to Day 90
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 7.8 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 9.0 |
Reference Period 2 is defined as Day 91 to Day 180 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 91 to Day 180
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 6.2 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 7.5 |
Reference Period 3 is defined as Day 181 to Day 270 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 181 to Day 270
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 6.2 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 7.4 |
Reference Period 4 is defined as Day 271 to Day 360 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 271 to Day 360
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 5.7 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 7.1 |
Intracyclic bleeding is any unexpected bleeding episode occurring in cyclical treatment regimens. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 1 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 6.7 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 6.2 |
Intracyclic bleeding is any unexpected bleeding episode occurring in cyclical treatment regimens. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 3.0 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 6.0 |
Intracyclic bleeding is any unexpected bleeding episode occurring in cyclical treatment regimens. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 3 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 6.6 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 4.2 |
Intracyclic bleeding is any unexpected bleeding episode occurring in cyclical treatment regimens. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: At Cycle 6 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 5.0 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 5.2 |
Reference Period 1 is defined as Day 1 to Day 90 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 1 to Day 90
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 3.3 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 2.8 |
Reference Period 2 is defined as Day 91 to Day 180 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 91 to Day 180
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 3.2 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 3.1 |
Reference Period 3 is defined as Day 181 to Day 270 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 181 to Day 270
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 3.5 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 2.8 |
Reference Period 4 is defined as Day 271 to Day 360 during study treatment. (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: From Day 271 to Day 360
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 3.2 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 2.2 |
Change from Baseline to Cycle 13 in the overall enjoyment and satisfaction experienced during the past week as scored on the Q-LES-Q (general activities - 16 items). 1-5 scale (very poor, poor, fair, good, very good). The normalized score ranges from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The change in the normalized score ranges from -100 (worst) to 100 (best). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.73 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 1.34 |
Change from Baseline to Cycle 13 in the overall enjoyment and satisfaction experienced during the past week as scored on the Q-LES-Q (household duties - yes or no; if yes, then 4 choices, and 10 items with a scale of 1-5 [very poor, poor, fair, good, very good]). The normalized score ranges from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The change in the normalized score ranges from -100 (worst) to 100 (best). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -0.66 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 2.83 |
Change from Baseline to Cycle 13 in the overall enjoyment and satisfaction experienced during the past week as scored on the Q-LES-Q (item satisfaction). 1-5 scale (very poor, poor, fair, good, very good). The normalized score ranges from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The change in the normalized score ranges from -100 (worst) to 100 (best). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.0 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 0.1 |
Change from Baseline to Cycle 13 in the overall enjoyment and satisfaction experienced during the past week as scored on the Q-LES-Q (leisure time activities - 6 items). 1-5 scale (very poor, poor, fair, good, very good). The normalized score ranges from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The change in the normalized score ranges from -100 (worst) to 100 (best). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 2.72 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 2.37 |
Change from Baseline to Cycle 13 in the overall enjoyment and satisfaction experienced during the past week as scored on the Q-LES-Q (overall life satisfaction and contentment). 1-5 scale (very poor, poor, fair, good, very good). The normalized score ranges from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The change in the normalized score ranges from -100 (worst) to 100 (best). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -0.1 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 0.0 |
Change from Baseline to Cycle 13 in the overall enjoyment and satisfaction experienced during the past week as scored on the Q-LES-Q (participant feeling - 14 items). 1-5 scale (very poor, poor, fair, good, very good). The normalized score ranges from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The change in the normalized score ranges from -100 (worst) to 100 (best). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -0.44 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 0.39 |
Change from Baseline to Cycle 13 in the overall enjoyment and satisfaction experienced during the past week as scored on the Q-LES-Q (physical health - 13 items). 1-5 scale (very poor, poor, fair, good, very good). The normalized score ranges from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The change in the normalized score ranges from -100 (worst) to 100 (best). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 1.93 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 2.13 |
Change from Baseline to Cycle 13 in the overall enjoyment and satisfaction experienced during the past week as scored on the Q-LES-Q (school / course work - yes or no; if yes, then 4 choices, and 10 items with a scale of 1-5 (very poor, poor, fair, good, very good). The normalized score ranges from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The change in the normalized score ranges from -100 (worst) to 100 (best). (NCT00754065)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Cycle 13 (28 days per Cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -1.97 |
| Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | 4.39 |
Intracyclic bleeding episodes were any bleeding episodes not qualifying as withdrawal bleeding. The latter was defined as the first bleeding episode after complete or partial progestogen withdrawal (i.e. the first episode starting after the last day of progestogen intake). If a bleeding episode was ongoing on the last day of progestogen intake and the following day, this episode was regarded as the withdrawal bleeding episode, as long as it had started not more than 4 days before the progestogen withdrawal. The total number of days during intracyclic bleeding episodes was counted. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At cycle 3 (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.6 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 0.6 |
Intracyclic bleeding episodes were any bleeding episodes not qualifying as withdrawal bleeding. The latter was defined as the first bleeding episode after complete or partial progestogen withdrawal (i.e. the first episode starting after the last day of progestogen intake). If a bleeding episode was ongoing on the last day of progestogen intake and the following day, this episode was regarded as the withdrawal bleeding episode, as long as it had started not more than 4 days before the progestogen withdrawal. The total number of days during intracyclic bleeding episodes was counted. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At cycle 1 (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 1.2 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 1.0 |
Bleeding/spotting episodes (day[s] with bleeding/spotting preceded and followed by at least 2 bleeding/spotting-free days) were described using the reference period (RP) method (length of RP: 90 days) recommended by the World Health Organization. 1st RP started on the 1st day of study medication. The total number of days during bleeding or spotting episodes was counted. Spotting = less than associated with normal menstruation relative to the subject's experience with no need for sanitary protection (except for panty liners). Bleeding = any bleeding of greater intensity than spotting. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: From day 1 to day 90
| Intervention | Episodes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.5 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 0.4 |
Bleeding/spotting episodes (day[s] with bleeding/spotting preceded and followed by at least 2 bleeding/spotting-free days) were described using the reference period (RP) method (length of RP: 90 days) recommended by the World Health Organization. 1st RP started on the 1st day of study medication. The total number of days during bleeding or spotting episodes was counted. Spotting = less than associated with normal menstruation relative to the subject's experience with no need for sanitary protection (except for panty liners). Bleeding = any bleeding of greater intensity than spotting. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: From day 1 to day 90
| Intervention | Episodes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 3.9 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 4.1 |
Bleeding/spotting episodes (day[s] with bleeding/spotting preceded and followed by at least 2 bleeding/spotting-free days) were described using the reference period (RP) method (length of RP: 90 days) recommended by the World Health Organization. 1st RP started on the 1st day of study medication. The total number of days during bleeding or spotting episodes was counted. Spotting = less than associated with normal menstruation relative to the subject's experience with no need for sanitary protection (except for panty liners). Bleeding = any bleeding of greater intensity than spotting. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: From day 1 to day 90
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 7.3 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 7.6 |
Bleeding/spotting episodes (day[s] with bleeding/spotting preceded and followed by at least 2 bleeding/spotting-free days) were described using the reference period (RP) method (length of RP: 90 days) recommended by the World Health Organization. 1st RP started on the 1st day of study medication. The total number of days during bleeding or spotting episodes was counted. Spotting = less than associated with normal menstruation relative to the subject's experience with no need for sanitary protection (except for panty liners). Bleeding = any bleeding of greater intensity than spotting. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: From day 1 to day 90
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 20.0 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 23.6 |
The standard questionnaire SF-36v1, a general health status measure used to evaluate patient populations and to compare health status across different populations, was completed by participants as a self-administered native language version. Percentages of absolute scores were calculated such that 0 represents the lowest possible score (worst outcome) and 100 the highest possible score (best outcome) (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At final examination (28 days)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 77.3 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 76.4 |
The standard questionnaire SF-36v1, a general health status measure used to evaluate patient populations and to compare health status across different populations, was completed by participants as a self-administered native language version. Percentages of absolute scores were calculated such that 0 represents the lowest possible score (worst outcome) and 100 the highest possible score (best outcome) (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At baseline cycle (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 73.6 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 72.6 |
Bleeding/spotting episodes (day[s] with bleeding/spotting preceded and followed by at least 2 bleeding/spotting-free days) were described using the reference period (RP) method (length of RP: 90 days) recommended by the World Health Organization. 1st RP started on the 1st day of study medication. The total number of days during bleeding or spotting episodes was counted. Spotting = less than associated with normal menstruation relative to the subject's experience with no need for sanitary protection (except for panty liners). Bleeding = any bleeding of greater intensity than spotting. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: From day 1 to day 90
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 3.29 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 3.26 |
Bleeding/spotting episodes (day[s] with bleeding/spotting preceded and followed by at least 2 bleeding/spotting-free days) were described using the reference period (RP) method (length of RP: 90 days) recommended by the World Health Organization. 1st RP started on the 1st day of study medication. The total number of days during bleeding or spotting episodes was counted. Spotting = less than associated with normal menstruation relative to the subject's experience with no need for sanitary protection (except for panty liners). Bleeding = any bleeding of greater intensity than spotting. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: From day 1 to day 90
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 5.17 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 5.83 |
Bleeding/spotting episodes (day[s] with bleeding/spotting preceded and followed by at least 2 bleeding/spotting-free days) were described using the reference period (RP) method (length of RP: 90 days) recommended by the World Health Organization. 1st RP started on the 1st day of study medication. The total number of days during bleeding or spotting episodes was counted. Spotting = less than associated with normal menstruation relative to the subject's experience with no need for sanitary protection (except for panty liners). Bleeding = any bleeding of greater intensity than spotting. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: From day 1 to day 90
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 3.9 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 3.6 |
Intracyclic bleeding episodes were any bleeding episodes not qualifying as withdrawal bleeding. The latter was defined as the first bleeding episode after complete or partial progestogen withdrawal (i.e. the first episode starting after the last day of progestogen intake). If a bleeding episode was ongoing on the last day of progestogen intake and the following day, this episode was regarded as the withdrawal bleeding episode, as long as it had started not more than 4 days before the progestogen withdrawal. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At cycle 3 (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 5.5 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 4.9 |
Intracyclic bleeding episodes were any bleeding episodes not qualifying as withdrawal bleeding. The latter was defined as the first bleeding episode after complete or partial progestogen withdrawal (i.e. the first episode starting after the last day of progestogen intake). If a bleeding episode was ongoing on the last day of progestogen intake and the following day, this episode was regarded as the withdrawal bleeding episode, as long as it had started not more than 4 days before the progestogen withdrawal. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At cycle 1 (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 6.0 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 6.2 |
Bleeding/spotting episodes (day[s] with bleeding/spotting preceded and followed by at least 2 bleeding/spotting-free days) were described using the reference period (RP) method (length of RP: 90 days) recommended by the World Health Organization. 1st RP started on the 1st day of study medication. The total number of days during bleeding or spotting episodes was counted. Spotting = less than associated with normal menstruation relative to the subject's experience with no need for sanitary protection (except for panty liners). Bleeding = any bleeding of greater intensity than spotting. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: From day 1 to day 90
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 7.1 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 8.4 |
Withdrawal bleeding was defined as the first bleeding episode after complete or partial progestogen withdrawal (i.e. the first episode starting after the last day of progestogen intake). If a bleeding episode was ongoing on the last day of progestogen intake and the following day, this episode was regarded as the withdrawal bleeding episode, as long as it had started not more than 4 days before the progestogen withdrawal. Intensity was defined as: 1 = none, 2 = spotting, 3 = light, 4 = normal, 5 = heavy. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At cycle 3 (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 3.7 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 4.1 |
Withdrawal bleeding was defined as the first bleeding episode after complete or partial progestogen withdrawal (i.e. the first episode starting after the last day of progestogen intake). If a bleeding episode was ongoing on the last day of progestogen intake and the following day, this episode was regarded as the withdrawal bleeding episode, as long as it had started not more than 4 days before the progestogen withdrawal. Intensity was defined as: 1 = none, 2 = spotting, 3 = light, 4 = normal, 5 = heavy. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At cycle 1 (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 3.7 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 4.0 |
Withdrawal bleeding was defined as the first bleeding episode after complete or partial progestogen withdrawal (i.e. the first episode starting after the last day of progestogen intake). If a bleeding episode was ongoing on the last day of progestogen intake and the following day, this episode was regarded as the withdrawal bleeding episode, as long as it had started not more than 4 days before the progestogen withdrawal. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At cycle 3 (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 4.5 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 5.2 |
Withdrawal bleeding was defined as the first bleeding episode after complete or partial progestogen withdrawal (i.e. the first episode starting after the last day of progestogen intake). If a bleeding episode was ongoing on the last day of progestogen intake and the following day, this episode was regarded as the withdrawal bleeding episode, as long as it had started not more than 4 days before the progestogen withdrawal. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At cycle 1 (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 5.2 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 5.4 |
The standard questionnaire SF-36v1, a general health status measure used to evaluate patient populations and to compare health status across different populations, was completed by participants as a self-administered native language version. Percentages of absolute scores were calculated such that 0 represents the lowest possible score (worst outcome) and 100 the highest possible score (best outcome) (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At final examination (28 days)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 77.2 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 76.5 |
The standard questionnaire SF-36v1, a general health status measure used to evaluate patient populations and to compare health status across different populations, was completed by participants as a self-administered native language version. Percentages of absolute scores were calculated such that 0 represents the lowest possible score (worst outcome) and 100 the highest possible score (best outcome) (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At baseline cycle (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 75.8 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 72.7 |
Bleeding/spotting episodes (day[s] with bleeding/spotting preceded and followed by at least 2 bleeding/spotting-free days) were described using the reference period (RP) method (length of RP: 90 days) recommended by the World Health Organization. 1st RP started on the 1st day of study medication. The total number of days during bleeding or spotting episodes was counted. Spotting = less than associated with normal menstruation relative to the subject's experience with no need for sanitary protection (except for panty liners). Bleeding = any bleeding of greater intensity than spotting. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: From day 1 to day 90
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 1.2 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 0.7 |
Bleeding/spotting episodes (day[s] with bleeding/spotting preceded and followed by at least 2 bleeding/spotting-free days) were described using the reference period (RP) method (length of RP: 90 days) recommended by the World Health Organization. 1st RP started on the 1st day of study medication. The total number of days during bleeding or spotting episodes was counted. Spotting = less than associated with normal menstruation relative to the subject's experience with no need for sanitary protection (except for panty liners). Bleeding = any bleeding of greater intensity than spotting. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: From day 1 to day 90
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 3.6 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 4.6 |
Dysmenorrheic pain: pelvic pain during menstrual/withdrawal bleeding (WB) episode and 2 days before. Scores per day: 0 No pain; 1 Mild pain with no need for painkiller; 2 Moderate pain with need for painkiller; 3 Severe pain with need for painkiller. Baseline period: 2 days before 1st menstrual bleeding until 3rd day before 3rd menstrual bleeding (normalized to standard 56-day period). Treatment period: 2 days before WB of 1st treatment cycle until 3rd day before WB of the cycle after 2nd treatment cycle (normalized to standard 56-day period). Score difference min -168 (best), max 168 (worst) (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: baseline period (2 baseline cycles, usually 56 days) vs. treatment period (on-treatment cycles 2 and 3, usually 56 days)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -10.6 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | -10.0 |
Dysmenorrheic pain was defined as pelvic pain during the menstrual/withdrawal bleeding episode and the 2 days before this episode. Baseline period: 2 days before the first menstrual bleeding until 3rd day before the 3rd menstrual bleeding (normalized to a standard 56-day period). Treatment period: 2 days before the withdrawal bleeding (WB) of the 1st evaluable treatment cycle until 3rd day before the WB of the cycle after the 2nd evaluable treatment cycle (normalized to a standard 56-day period). (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: baseline period (2 baseline cycles, usually 56 days) vs. treatment period (on-treatment cycles 2 and 3, usually 56 days)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -4.6 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | -4.2 |
Rescue medication use was standardized intake of 200 mg Ibuprofen tablets. Baseline period: 2 days before the first menstrual bleeding until 3rd day before the 3rd menstrual bleeding (normalized to a standard 56-day period). Treatment period: 2 days before the withdrawal bleeding (WB) of the 1st evaluable treatment cycle until 3rd day before the WB of the cycle after the 2nd evaluable treatment cycle (normalized to a standard 56-day period). (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: baseline period (2 baseline cycles, usually 56 days) vs. treatment period (on-treatment cycles 2 and 3, usually 56 days)
| Intervention | Tablets (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -6.2 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | -6.6 |
Rescue medication use was standardized intake of 200 mg Ibuprofen tablets. Baseline period: 2 days before the first menstrual bleeding until 3rd day before the 3rd menstrual bleeding (normalized to a standard 56-day period). Treatment period: 2 days before the withdrawal bleeding (WB) of the 1st evaluable treatment cycle until 3rd day before the WB of the cycle after the 2nd evaluable treatment cycle (normalized to a standard 56-day period). (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: baseline period (2 baseline cycles, usually 56 days) vs. treatment period (on-treatment cycles 2 and 3, usually 56 days)
| Intervention | Tablets (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -4.5 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | -5.6 |
Baseline period: 2 days before the first menstrual bleeding until 3rd day before the 3rd menstrual bleeding (normalized to a standard 56-day period). Treatment period: 2 days before the withdrawal bleeding (WB) of the 1st evaluable treatment cycle until 3rd day before the WB of the cycle after the 2nd evaluable treatment cycle (normalized to a standard 56-day period). (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: baseline period (2 baseline cycles, usually 56 days) vs. treatment period (on-treatment cycles 2 and 3, usually 56 days)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | -4.0 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | -3.7 |
Evaluated was the number of days with bleeding-associated pelvic pain, excluding days during withdrawal bleeding (WB) and the 2 days preceding such WB, and during administration deviation bleeding and the 2 days preceding such bleeding (normalized to a standard 56-day period). Baseline period: 2 days before first menstrual bleeding until 3rd day before 3rd menstrual bleeding (normalized to standard 56-day period). Treatment period: 2 days before WB of the 1st treatment cycle until 3rd day before the WB of the cycle after the 2nd treatment cycle (normalized to standard 56-day period). (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: baseline period (2 baseline cycles, usually 56 days) vs. treatment period (on-treatment cycles 2 and 3, usually 56 days)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.3 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 0.1 |
The standard questionnaire SF-36v1, a general health status measure used to evaluate patient populations and to compare health status across different populations, was completed by participants as a self-administered native language version. Percentages of absolute scores were calculated such that 0 represents the lowest possible score (worst outcome) and 100 the highest possible score (best outcome) (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At final examination (28 days)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 77.0 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 74.0 |
Intracyclic bleeding episodes were any bleeding episodes not qualifying as withdrawal bleeding. The latter was defined as the first bleeding episode after complete or partial progestogen withdrawal (i.e. the first episode starting after the last day of progestogen intake). If a bleeding episode was ongoing on the last day of progestogen intake and the following day, this episode was regarded as the withdrawal bleeding episode, as long as it had started not more than 4 days before the progestogen withdrawal. Intensity could be described as spotting, light, normal or heavy. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At cycle 3 (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spotting | Light | Normal | Heavy | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 45.5 | 27.3 | 13.6 | 13.6 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 30.4 | 21.7 | 30.4 | 17.4 |
Intracyclic bleeding episodes were any bleeding episodes not qualifying as withdrawal bleeding. The latter was defined as the first bleeding episode after complete or partial progestogen withdrawal (i.e. the first episode starting after the last day of progestogen intake). If a bleeding episode was ongoing on the last day of progestogen intake and the following day, this episode was regarded as the withdrawal bleeding episode, as long as it had started not more than 4 days before the progestogen withdrawal. Intensity could be described as spotting, light, normal or heavy. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At cycle 1 (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spotting | Light | Normal | Heavy | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 53.5 | 30.2 | 9.3 | 7.0 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 62.2 | 10.8 | 13.5 | 13.5 |
The participants were asked to complete a resource use questionnaire indicating their own costs of herbs/teas per treatment of dysmenorrheic pain. Costs were converted to U.S. dollars. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At screening (average over 3 months before screening)
| Intervention | Dollars (Median) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.00 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 0.00 |
Interference of dysmenorrheic pain with work/school and social or other activity was assessed (yes/no). Baseline period: 2 days before the first menstrual bleeding until 3rd day before the 3rd menstrual bleeding (normalized to a standard 56-day period). Treatment period: 2 days before the withdrawal bleeding (WB) of the 1st evaluable treatment cycle until 3rd day before the WB of the cycle after the 2nd evaluable treatment cycle (normalized to a standard 56-day period). (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: baseline period (2 baseline cycles, usually 56 days) vs. treatment period (on-treatment cycles 2 and 3, usually 56 days)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline period-daily activities impaired | Baseline period- leisure activities impaired | Treatment period-daily activities impaired | Treatment period- leisure activities impaired | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 92.3 | 90.6 | 51.7 | 47.9 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 91.3 | 89.6 | 56.5 | 56.5 |
Interference of dysmenorrheic pain with work/school and social or other activity was assessed (yes/no). Baseline period: 2 days before the first menstrual bleeding until 3rd day before the 3rd menstrual bleeding (normalized to a standard 56-day period). Treatment period: 2 days before the withdrawal bleeding (WB) of the 1st evaluable treatment cycle until 3rd day before the WB of the cycle after the 2nd evaluable treatment cycle (normalized to a standard 56-day period). (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: baseline period (2 baseline cycles, usually 56 days) vs. treatment period (on-treatment cycles 2 and 3, usually 56 days)
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline period-daily activities impaired | Baseline period- leisure activities impaired | Treatment period-daily activities impaired | Treatment period- leisure activities impaired | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 93.2 | 92.3 | 54.7 | 52.6 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 92.2 | 90.0 | 60.0 | 61.3 |
Participants were asked to express the degree of their satisfaction with study treatment. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: From cycle 1 to cycle 3 (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missing | Very satisfied | Saatisfied | Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | Dissatisfied | Very dissatisfied | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.9 | 53.4 | 32.1 | 7.3 | 2.1 | 0.4 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 1.3 | 50.4 | 30.0 | 8.3 | 3.5 | 0.4 |
The investigator was asked to interview the participant and record the number of missed hours/days from work due to dysmenorrheic pain in the previous menstrual cycle. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At screening (28 days)
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missing | Never | 4 working hours | 1 working day | >= 2 working days | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.4 | 38.0 | 16.2 | 26.5 | 18.8 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 0.0 | 40.4 | 16.1 | 29.6 | 13.9 |
The investigator was asked to interview the participant and record the number of missed hours/days from work due to dysmenorrheic pain in the previous menstrual cycle. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At final examination (28 days)
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missing | Never | 4 working hours | 1 working day | >= 2 working days | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.4 | 85.9 | 5.6 | 3.0 | 1.7 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 0.0 | 85.2 | 2.6 | 4.8 | 1.7 |
The investigator was asked to interview the participant and record the number of missed hours/days from work due to dysmenorrheic pain in the previous menstrual cycle. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At cycle 2 (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missing | Never | 4 working hours | 1 working day | >= 2 working days | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.0 | 78.6 | 8.5 | 6.4 | 2.1 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 0.0 | 72.6 | 6.5 | 8.7 | 4.3 |
The investigator was asked to interview the participant and record the number of missed hours/days from work due to dysmenorrheic pain in the previous menstrual cycle. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At Baseline (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missing | Never | 4 working hours | 1 working day | >= 2 working days | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.0 | 47.9 | 13.2 | 20.9 | 17.9 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 0.0 | 51.7 | 11.7 | 23.9 | 12.2 |
The Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) is a widely used rating scale/assessment instrument in psychopharmacology research in general, and in studies on women's health in particular. Investigators were asked to rate the participants' improvement during the course of the study. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At cycle 2 (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missing | Not assessed | Very much improved | Much improved | Minimally improved | No change | Minimally worse | Much worse | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0 | 1 | 63 | 87 | 49 | 17 | 6 | 0 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 0 | 1 | 42 | 84 | 54 | 23 | 3 | 6 |
The Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) is a widely used rating scale/assessment instrument in psychopharmacology research in general, and in studies on women's health in particular. Participants were asked to rate their improvement during the course of the study. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At cycle 2 (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missing | Not assessed | Very much improved | Much improved | Minimally improved | No change | Minimally worse | Much worse | |
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 1 | 1 | 60 | 91 | 47 | 18 | 5 | 0 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 0 | 1 | 46 | 75 | 57 | 24 | 4 | 3 |
The standard questionnaire SF-36v1, a general health status measure used to evaluate patient populations and to compare health status across different populations, was completed by participants as a self-administered native language version. Percentages of absolute scores were calculated such that 0 represents the lowest possible score (worst outcome) and 100 the highest possible score (best outcome) (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At baseline cycle (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 50.7 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 51.8 |
The standard questionnaire SF-36v1, a general health status measure used to evaluate patient populations and to compare health status across different populations, was completed by participants as a self-administered native language version. Percentages of absolute scores were calculated such that 0 represents the lowest possible score (worst outcome) and 100 the highest possible score (best outcome) (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At final examination (28 days)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 68.2 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 67.2 |
The standard questionnaire SF-36v1, a general health status measure used to evaluate patient populations and to compare health status across different populations, was completed by participants as a self-administered native language version. Percentages of absolute scores were calculated such that 0 represents the lowest possible score (worst outcome) and 100 the highest possible score (best outcome) (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At baseline cycle (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 62.6 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 62.2 |
The standard questionnaire SF-36v1, a general health status measure used to evaluate patient populations and to compare health status across different populations, was completed by participants as a self-administered native language version. Percentages of absolute scores were calculated such that 0 represents the lowest possible score (worst outcome) and 100 the highest possible score (best outcome) (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At final examination (28 days)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 85.95 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 84.79 |
The standard questionnaire SF-36v1, a general health status measure used to evaluate patient populations and to compare health status across different populations, was completed by participants as a self-administered native language version. Percentages of absolute scores were calculated such that 0 represents the lowest possible score (worst outcome) and 100 the highest possible score (best outcome) (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At baseline cycle (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 78.85 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 77.35 |
The standard questionnaire SF-36v1, a general health status measure used to evaluate patient populations and to compare health status across different populations, was completed by participants as a self-administered native language version. Percentages of absolute scores were calculated such that 0 represents the lowest possible score (worst outcome) and 100 the highest possible score (best outcome) (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At final examination (28 days)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 89.6 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 87.9 |
The standard questionnaire SF-36v1, a general health status measure used to evaluate patient populations and to compare health status across different populations, was completed by participants as a self-administered native language version. Percentages of absolute scores were calculated such that 0 represents the lowest possible score (worst outcome) and 100 the highest possible score (best outcome) (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At baseline cycle (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 77.8 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 79.4 |
The standard questionnaire SF-36v1, a general health status measure used to evaluate patient populations and to compare health status across different populations, was completed by participants as a self-administered native language version. Percentages of absolute scores were calculated such that 0 represents the lowest possible score (worst outcome) and 100 the highest possible score (best outcome) (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At final examination (28 days)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 88.64 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 83.87 |
The standard questionnaire SF-36v1, a general health status measure used to evaluate patient populations and to compare health status across different populations, was completed by participants as a self-administered native language version. Percentages of absolute scores were calculated such that 0 represents the lowest possible score (worst outcome) and 100 the highest possible score (best outcome) (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At baseline cycle (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 81.91 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 79.18 |
The standard questionnaire SF-36v1, a general health status measure used to evaluate patient populations and to compare health status across different populations, was completed by participants as a self-administered native language version. Percentages of absolute scores were calculated such that 0 represents the lowest possible score (worst outcome) and 100 the highest possible score (best outcome) (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: at final examination (28 days)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 93.7 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 92.5 |
The standard questionnaire SF-36v1, a general health status measure used to evaluate patient populations and to compare health status across different populations, was completed by participants as a self-administered native language version. Percentages of absolute scores were calculated such that 0 represents the lowest possible score (worst outcome) and 100 the highest possible score (best outcome) (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At baseline cycle (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 90.2 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 89.6 |
Withdrawal bleeding was defined as the first bleeding episode after complete or partial progestogen withdrawal (i.e. the first episode starting after the last day of progestogen intake). If a bleeding episode was ongoing on the last day of progestogen intake and the following day, this episode was regarded as the withdrawal bleeding episode, as long as it had started not more than 4 days before the progestogen withdrawal. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At cycle 3 (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 68.1 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 79.3 |
Withdrawal bleeding was defined as the first bleeding episode after complete or partial progestogen withdrawal (i.e. the first episode starting after the last day of progestogen intake). If a bleeding episode was ongoing on the last day of progestogen intake and the following day, this episode was regarded as the withdrawal bleeding episode, as long as it had started not more than 4 days before the progestogen withdrawal. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At cycle 1 (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 91.2 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 93.2 |
Intracyclic bleeding episodes were any bleeding episodes not qualifying as withdrawal bleeding. The latter was defined as the first bleeding episode after complete or partial progestogen withdrawal (i.e. the first episode starting after the last day of progestogen intake). If a bleeding episode was ongoing on the last day of progestogen intake and the following day, this episode was regarded as the withdrawal bleeding episode, as long as it had started not more than 4 days before the progestogen withdrawal. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At cycle 3 (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 10.8 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 11.6 |
Intracyclic bleeding episodes were any bleeding episodes not qualifying as withdrawal bleeding. The latter was defined as the first bleeding episode after complete or partial progestogen withdrawal (i.e. the first episode starting after the last day of progestogen intake). If a bleeding episode was ongoing on the last day of progestogen intake and the following day, this episode was regarded as the withdrawal bleeding episode, as long as it had started not more than 4 days before the progestogen withdrawal. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At cycle 1 (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 19.0 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 16.7 |
The participants were asked to complete a resource use questionnaire indicating their own costs of vitamins per treatment of dysmenorrheic pain. Costs were converted to U.S. dollars. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At screening (average over 3 months before screening)
| Intervention | Dollars (Median) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.00 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 0.00 |
The participants were asked to complete a resource use questionnaire indicating their own costs of physiotherapy per treatment of dysmenorrheic pain. Costs were converted to U.S. dollars. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At screening (average over 3 months before screening)
| Intervention | Dollars (Median) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.00 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 0.00 |
The participants were asked to complete a resource use questionnaire indicating their own costs of pain medication per treatment of dysmenorrheic pain. Costs were converted to U.S. dollars. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At screening (average over 3 months before screening)
| Intervention | Dollars (Median) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 5.46 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 5.04 |
The participants were asked to complete a resource use questionnaire indicating their own costs of medical counseling per treatment of dysmenorrheic pain. Costs were converted to U.S. dollars. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At screening (average over 3 months before screening)
| Intervention | Dollars (Median) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.00 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 0.00 |
The participants were asked to complete a resource use questionnaire indicating their own costs of massages per treatment of dysmenorrheic pain. Costs were converted to U.S. dollars. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At screening (average over 3 months before screening)
| Intervention | Dollars (Median) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.00 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 0.00 |
The participants were asked to complete a resource use questionnaire indicating their own costs of alternative medicine per treatment of dysmenorrheic pain. Costs were converted to U.S. dollars. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At screening (average over 3 months before screening)
| Intervention | Dollars (Median) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.00 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 0.00 |
The participants were asked to complete a resource use questionnaire indicating their own costs of acupuncture per treatment of dysmenorrheic pain. Costs were converted to U.S. dollars. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At screening (average over 3 months before screening)
| Intervention | Dollars (Median) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.00 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 0.00 |
The participants were asked to complete a resource use questionnaire indicating their other own costs per treatment of dysmenorrheic pain. Costs were converted to U.S. dollars. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At screening (average over 3 months before screening)
| Intervention | Dollars (Median) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.00 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 0.00 |
Withdrawal bleeding was defined as the first bleeding episode after complete or partial progestogen withdrawal (i.e. the first episode starting after the last day of progestogen intake). If a bleeding episode was ongoing on the last day of progestogen intake and the following day, this episode was regarded as the withdrawal bleeding episode, as long as it had started not more than 4 days before the progestogen withdrawal. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At cycle 3 (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 3.1 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 4.3 |
Withdrawal bleeding was defined as the first bleeding episode after complete or partial progestogen withdrawal (i.e. the first episode starting after the last day of progestogen intake). If a bleeding episode was ongoing on the last day of progestogen intake and the following day, this episode was regarded as the withdrawal bleeding episode, as long as it had started not more than 4 days before the progestogen withdrawal. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At cycle 1 (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 4.8 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 4.9 |
Intracyclic bleeding episodes were any bleeding episodes not qualifying as withdrawal bleeding. The latter was defined as the first bleeding episode after complete or partial progestogen withdrawal (i.e. the first episode starting after the last day of progestogen intake). If a bleeding episode was ongoing on the last day of progestogen intake and the following day, this episode was regarded as the withdrawal bleeding episode, as long as it had started not more than 4 days before the progestogen withdrawal. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At cycle 3 (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Episodes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.1 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 0.1 |
Intracyclic bleeding episodes were any bleeding episodes not qualifying as withdrawal bleeding. The latter was defined as the first bleeding episode after complete or partial progestogen withdrawal (i.e. the first episode starting after the last day of progestogen intake). If a bleeding episode was ongoing on the last day of progestogen intake and the following day, this episode was regarded as the withdrawal bleeding episode, as long as it had started not more than 4 days before the progestogen withdrawal. (NCT00909857)
Timeframe: At cycle 1 (28 days per cycle)
| Intervention | Episodes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol Valerate, Dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira, BAY86-5027) | 0.2 |
| Ethinyl Estradiol, Levonorgestrel (Miranova) | 0.2 |
Change in Serum concentrations of anti-mullerian hormone reflecting ovarian reserve from baseline to nine weeks (NCT02352090)
Timeframe: baseline and 9 weeks
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Synthetic Estrogen + Progestin | -0.8 |
| Natural Estrogen + Progestin | -0.4 |
| Progestin-Only | 0.07 |
Markers of coagulation activation (NCT02352090)
Timeframe: baseline and 9 weeks
| Intervention | percentage change from baseline (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Synthetic Estrogen + Progestin | 12.6 |
| Natural Estrogen + Progestin | 2.4 |
| Progestin-Only | -1.6 |
Change in plasma concentrations of F1+2 a marker of coagulation activation (NCT02352090)
Timeframe: baseline and 9 weeks
| Intervention | percentage change from baseline (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Synthetic Estrogen + Progestin | 24.1 |
| Natural Estrogen + Progestin | -5.5 |
| Progestin-Only | -8.5 |
Mean change in fasting serum insulin from baseline to nine weeks (NCT02352090)
Timeframe: baseline and 9 weeks
| Intervention | mU/l (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Synthetic Estrogen + Progestin | 1.4 |
| Natural Estrogen + Progestin | 1.02 |
| Progestin-Only | 1.99 |
Change in concentration of High-Density Lipoprotein HDL from baseline to nine weeks (NCT02352090)
Timeframe: baseline and 9 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Synthetic Estrogen + Progestin | 0.20 |
| Natural Estrogen + Progestin | -0.02 |
| Progestin-Only | -0.02 |
Change in plasma concentrations of acute phase protein 'C reactive protein' (CRP), a marker of chronic inflammation. (NCT02352090)
Timeframe: baseline and 9 weeks
| Intervention | mg/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Synthetic Estrogen + Progestin | 1.10 |
| Natural Estrogen + Progestin | -0.06 |
| Progestin-Only | 0.13 |
Change in concentration of Low-Density Lipoprotein LDL from baseline to nine weeks (NCT02352090)
Timeframe: baseline and 9 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Synthetic Estrogen + Progestin | -0.16 |
| Natural Estrogen + Progestin | -0.14 |
| Progestin-Only | 0.01 |
"Matsuda index is calculated from the standard 2h Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and corresponding insulin values.~Matsuda index = 10,000/square root of [fasting glucose x fasting insulin] x [mean glucose x mean insulin during OGTT]) The Matsuda index is correlated (r = 0.73) with the rate of whole-body glucose disposal during the euglycemic insulin clamp.~Matsuda index <2.5 is considered insulin resistant, higher values indicate less insulin resistance. A decrease in matsuda index over the study period would indicate decreased insulin sensitivity." (NCT02352090)
Timeframe: We calculated the change in Matsuda index from baseline to 9 weeks.
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Synthetic Estrogen + Progestin | -1.02 |
| Natural Estrogen + Progestin | -0.10 |
| Progestin-Only | -1.45 |
Change from baseline in thrombin generation, measured by thrombin generation assay-Calibrated automated thrombogram (NCT02352090)
Timeframe: baseline and 9 weeks
| Intervention | percentage change from baseline (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Synthetic Estrogen + Progestin | 63.9 |
| Natural Estrogen + Progestin | 26.4 |
| Progestin-Only | 7.1 |
Change in concentrations of total cholesterol from baseline to nine weeks (NCT02352090)
Timeframe: baseline and 9 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Synthetic Estrogen + Progestin | 0.10 |
| Natural Estrogen + Progestin | -0.16 |
| Progestin-Only | 0.11 |
Change in triglyceride concentrations from baseline to nine weeks (NCT02352090)
Timeframe: baseline and 9 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Synthetic Estrogen + Progestin | 0.45 |
| Natural Estrogen + Progestin | 0.18 |
| Progestin-Only | 0.06 |
| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3-cyanopyridine pyridine-3-carbonitrile: structure in first source. 3-pyridinecarbonitrile : A nitrile that is pyridine substituted by a cyano group at position 3. | 2 | 1 | 0 | nitrile; pyridines | |
| acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent |
| acetamide acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; carboximidic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia | |
| adenine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| allantoin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; vulnerary |
| quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor |
| betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative | fundamental metabolite |
| carnitine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino-acid betaine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | tricarboxylic acid | antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
| salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite |
| bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid | antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite |
| creatine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical |
| lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite |
| dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | sulfoxide; volatile organic compound | alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger |
| formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde; one-carbon compound | allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| glycine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid | EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical |
| glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alditol; triol | algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent |
| hydroquinone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenediol; hydroquinones | antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclitol; hexol | |
| niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor |
| niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3 | antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion | allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite |
| phenol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| phenylacetic acid phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid; phenylacetic acids | allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; auxin; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; toxin |
| pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines | antitubercular agent; prodrug |
| pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate | coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6 | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | primary alcohol; vitamin B1 | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| catechin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxyflavan | |
| menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol | volatile oil component |
| phenytoin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent |
| acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent |
| acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group. | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | acetamides; phenols | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles | anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| acetohexamide Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetophenones; N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue |
| acetohydroxamic acid acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetohydroxamic acids; carbohydroximic acid | algal metabolite; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor |
| albendazole [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester | anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator |
| albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| alfuzosin alfuzosin: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; quinazolines; tetrahydrofuranol | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent |
| amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine | analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic |
| ambroxol Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline | adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor |
| pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | guanidines; one-carbon compound | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor |
| theophylline [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dimethylxanthine | adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent |
| amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound | cardiovascular drug |
| amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| amobarbital Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| amsacrine Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acridines; aromatic ether; sulfonamide | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
| anastrozole [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nitrile; triazoles | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor |
| anethole trithione Anethole Trithione: Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes | |
| anthralin Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | anthracenes | antipsoriatic |
| aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates | anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent |
| atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic |
| azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| baclofen [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound | central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant |
| barbital 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | drug allergen |
| bendazac bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | indazoles; monocarboxylic acid | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger |
| benzbromarone Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone | uricosuric drug |
| bicalutamide bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; sulfone; tertiary alcohol | |
| bay h 4502 bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls; imidazoles | |
| bisoprolol Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | secondary alcohol; secondary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent |
| bromisovalum Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.. bromisoval : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-bromisoval. It was previously used for its hypnotic and sedative properties but the use of bromides is now deprecated due to the possibility of the toxic accumulation of bromine in the body.. 2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-3-methylbutanamide : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 2-bromo-3-methybutanoyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-acylurea; organobromine compound | |
| brotizolam brotizolam: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| bumetanide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide | diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor |
| bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound | |
| buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines | anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist |
| busulfan [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methanesulfonate ester | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent |
| butalbital butalbital: management of butalbital withdrawal can be simplified by using a phenobarbital-loading protocol; RN given refers to parent cpd. butalbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | analgesic; sedative |
| caffeine [no description available] | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine | adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound | |
| candesartan cilexetil candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls | |
| carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dibenzoazepine; ureas | analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic |
| carisoprodol Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester | muscle relaxant |
| carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| carprofen carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbazoles; organochlorine compound | EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; photosensitizing agent |
| carvedilol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
| celecoxib [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| cetirizine Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; piperazines | anti-allergic agent; environmental contaminant; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| chloral hydrate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde hydrate; ethanediol; organochlorine compound | general anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; sedative; xenobiotic |
| chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent |
| chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
| chlormezanone Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazine; lactam; monochlorobenzenes; sulfone | antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; muscle relaxant |
| chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug |
| chloroxylenol chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; phenols | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; molluscicide |
| chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue |
| chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-benzoxazoles; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; organochlorine compound | muscle relaxant; sedative |
| cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile | adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor |
| cinoxacin Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cinnolines; oxacycle; oxo carboxylic acid | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent |
| ciprofibrate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | antilipemic drug |
| ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| cisapride Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
| citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound | |
| clioquinol Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound; organoiodine compound | antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; chelator; copper chelator |
| clobazam Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator |
| clofazimine Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; phenazines | dye; leprostatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes | anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist |
| clomiphene [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | tertiary amine | estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | clonidine; imidazoline | |
| clotiazepam clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| clotrimazole [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes | antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| cyclandelate Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic ester; secondary alcohol | vasodilator agent |
| cyproheptadine Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperidines; tertiary amine | anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; gastrointestinal drug; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| danthron danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite |
| dapsone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | substituted aniline; sulfone | anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug |
| deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acyclic desferrioxamine | bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore |
| amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | primary amine | |
| eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid | trypanocidal drug |
| diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic |
| diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent |
| diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide | bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant |
| diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound | non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| 3,3'-diindolylmethane 3,3'-diindolylmethane: anti-inflammatory from edible cruciferous vegetables; a cytochrome P-450 antagonist | 8.56 | 1 | 1 | indoles | antineoplastic agent; P450 inhibitor |
| diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ether; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative |
| dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol | adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| disopyramide Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| disulfiram [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor |
| valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid | anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent |
| doxepin Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dibenzooxepine; tertiary amino compound | antidepressant |
| droperidol Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound | anaesthesia adjuvant; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic |
| econazole Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes | |
| enflurane Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | anaesthetic |
| enoxacin Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,8-naphthyridine derivative; amino acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| estazolam Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | triazoles; triazolobenzodiazepine | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator |
| ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid | EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic |
| ethoxzolamide Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzothiazoles; sulfonamide | antiglaucoma drug; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| etodolac Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| brl 42810 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; acetate ester | antiviral drug; prodrug |
| felbamate Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester | anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent |
| felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes | antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic |
| fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines | adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug | environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| flucytosine Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine antifungal drug; pyrimidone | prodrug |
| flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound | antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist |
| flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound; monofluorobenzenes | anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative |
| fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound | |
| flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species. | 3.79 | 3 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide | androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent |
| fomepizole Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrazoles | antidote; EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor; protective agent |
| furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide | environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic |
| gemfibrozil [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | antilipemic drug |
| glafenine Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline; carboxylic ester; glycol; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound | inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| gliclazide Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; radical scavenger |
| glutethimide Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperidines | |
| glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea | anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent |
| gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| guaiazulene guaiazulene: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | sesquiterpene | |
| fasudil fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent |
| haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| halothane [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene | acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug |
| miltefosine miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phosphocholines; phospholipid | anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; immunomodulator; protein kinase inhibitor |
| hexestrol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| hexetidine Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic heteromonocyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
| hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines | antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent |
| hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| hydroxyurea [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; ureas | antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent |
| hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine | anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist |
| ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic |
| phenelzine Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | primary amine | |
| lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic |
| alverine alverine : A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | tertiary amine | antispasmodic drug |
| idebenone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones; primary alcohol | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor |
| ifosfamide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ifosfamides | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic |
| imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
| amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bipyridines | EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor |
| indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
| indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole | analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic |
| iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound | environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic |
| iodipamide Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; organoiodine compound; secondary carboxamide | radioopaque medium |
| iproniazid [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbohydrazide; pyridines | |
| avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbohydrazide | antitubercular agent; drug allergen |
| 2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol | protic solvent |
| isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
| isoxsuprine Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester | |
| itraconazole [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperazines | |
| ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist |
| ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine | |
| ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle | anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
| labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | |
| lamotrigine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine | anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic |
| lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor |
| beta-lapachone beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzochromenone; orthoquinones | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| leflunomide Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide | antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| lofepramine Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; dibenzoazepine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound | antidepressant |
| lomustine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist |
| losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles | angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist |
| malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate | |
| diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | isopropyl ester | |
| mazindol Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester | antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator |
| meclizine Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| meclofenoxate Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | |
| mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound | analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical |
| meperidine Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amino compound | antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| mephenytoin Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | anticonvulsant |
| mepivacaine Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperidinecarboxamide | drug allergen; local anaesthetic |
| meprobamate Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | guanidines | environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic |
| methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound | |
| methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; psoralens | antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
| methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | hepatotoxic agent; inhalation anaesthetic; nephrotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic |
| methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates | flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite |
| methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines | |
| methyprylon methyprylon: was heading 1973-94 (see under HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 1963-72); use PIPERIDONES to search METHYPRYLON 1973-94 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic |
| metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic |
| metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol | antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor |
| mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist |
| miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles | |
| midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative |
| minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound | |
| mirtazapine Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzazepine; tetracyclic antidepressant | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; oneirogen; serotonergic antagonist |
| mitotane Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | analgesic; antineoplastic agent |
| modafinil Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfoxide | |
| moxisylyte Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monoterpenoid | |
| deet N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; monocarboxylic acid amide | environmental contaminant; insect repellent; xenobiotic |
| nabumetone Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methoxynaphthalene; methyl ketone | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug |
| nalidixic acid [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| nefazodone nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazoles | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; analgesic; antidepressant; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine | antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| niceritrol Niceritrol: An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent |
| niflumic acid Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines | |
| nilutamide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; imidazolidinone | androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent |
| nimesulide nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
| nisoldipine Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | |
| nitrazepam Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound | anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; drug metabolite; GABA modulator; sedative |
| nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent |
| nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nitroglycerol | explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| nizatidine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound; carboxamidine; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound | anti-ulcer drug; cholinergic drug; H2-receptor antagonist |
| masoprocol nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | catechols; lignan; tetrol | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; plant metabolite |
| norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite |
| omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | |
| ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbazoles | |
| orphenadrine Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ether; tertiary amino compound | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic |
| oxamniquine Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic primary alcohol; C-nitro compound; quinolines; secondary amino compound | |
| oxaprozin Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-oxazoles; monocarboxylic acid | analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| oxethazaine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide | |
| oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| oxybenzone oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxybenzophenone; monomethoxybenzene | dermatologic drug; environmental contaminant; protective agent; ultraviolet filter; xenobiotic |
| oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols; pyrazolidines | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; drug metabolite; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite |
| aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; phenols | antitubercular agent |
| pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| pemoline Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-oxazoles | central nervous system stimulant |
| pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | GABAA receptor agonist |
| pentoxifylline [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | |
| perazine Perazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects.. perazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; phenothiazines | dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; aromatic ether | cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug |
| phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative |
| phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols | |
| phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolidines | antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug |
| moxonidine moxonidine: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organohalogen compound; pyrimidines | |
| pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridines | |
| pipemidic acid Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; pyridopyrimidine; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| piperazine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent | anthelminthic drug |
| praziquantel azinox: Russian drug | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
| prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
| primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine | antimalarial |
| primidone Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidone | anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; sulfonamide | uricosuric drug |
| probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dithioketal; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug |
| procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker |
| procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; hydrazines | antineoplastic agent |
| prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic |
| promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative |
| propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols | anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative |
| propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| pyridinolcarbamate Pyridinolcarbamate: A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridines | |
| pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes | antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor |
| ranitidine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aralkylamine | |
| opc 12759 rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | secondary carboxamide | |
| riluzole Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzothiazoles | |
| risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| rofecoxib [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | butenolide; sulfone | analgesic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| salicylamide salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols; salicylamides | antirheumatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic |
| sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ether; organofluorine compound | central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| sibutramine sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | anti-obesity agent; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| sotalol Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound; sulfonamide | anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| 4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; orphan drug; prodrug |
| vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor |
| sulfadimethoxine Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| sulfamerazine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; drug allergen |
| sulfameter Sulfameter: Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.. sulfamethoxydiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having a methoxy substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; leprostatic drug; renal agent |
| sulfamethazine Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ligand; xenobiotic |
| sulfamethizole Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor |
| sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| sulfanilamide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial agent; drug allergen; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| sulfaphenazole Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | primary amino compound; pyrazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor |
| sulfapyridine Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; dermatologic drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sulfinpyrazone Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolidines; sulfoxide | uricosuric drug |
| 2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide | antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist |
| suprofen Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes | antirheumatic drug; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug |
| suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug |
| gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
| tegafur [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organohalogen compound; pyrimidines | |
| temazepam Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
| temozolomide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug |
| terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenylethanolamines; resorcinols | anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent |
| terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound | local anaesthetic |
| thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phthalimides; piperidones | |
| thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles | antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug |
| thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenothiazines; piperidines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| tiaprofenic acid tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes | drug allergen; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine | anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| tiopronin Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| tizanidine tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazole; imidazoles | alpha-adrenergic agonist; muscle relaxant |
| tolazamide Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; potassium channel blocker |
| tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-sulfonylurea | human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker |
| tolperisone Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| ultram 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | |
| tranexamic acid Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid | |
| trazodone Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazolopyridine | adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| triclosan [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols | antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic |
| triflupromazine Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic |
| trimethadione Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | oxazolidinone | anticonvulsant; geroprotector |
| trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes | antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| troglitazone Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | chromanes; thiazolidinone | anticoagulant; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| venlafaxine venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclohexanols; monomethoxybenzene; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; serotonin uptake inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| vesnarinone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| vigabatrin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | gamma-amino acid | anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor |
| ici 204,219 zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; indoles; N-sulfonylcarboxamide | anti-asthmatic agent; leukotriene antagonist |
| zolpidem Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | imidazopyridine | central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; sedative |
| guanidine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organic chloride salt | protein denaturant |
| hydrocortisone acetate hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cortisol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
| cortisone acetate Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | mitomycin | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic |
| estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl. | 4.07 | 3 | 1 | 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid | estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic |
| cephaloridine Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
| phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent |
| sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glucitol | cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent |
| piperonyl butoxide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles | pesticide synergist |
| bromouracil Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; pyrimidines | mutagen |
| 3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| histamine dihydrochloride Ceplene: Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine | antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-phenylpropan-2-amine | adrenergic agent; adrenergic uptake inhibitor; dopamine uptake inhibitor; dopaminergic agent; neurotoxin; sympathomimetic agent |
| carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ammonium salt; carbamate ester | cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic |
| norethindrone acetate norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester. | 15.02 | 15 | 4 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; terminal acetylenic compound | progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7. | 3.53 | 2 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester | aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| cyclobarbital cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| aldosterone [no description available] | 3.4 | 1 | 1 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| allobarbital allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine | antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen |
| trichlorfon Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound; phosphonic ester | agrochemical; anthelminthic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide |
| lynestrenol Lynestrenol: A synthetic progestational hormone used often in mixtures with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL). | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | steroid | |
| prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens. | 4.32 | 4 | 1 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| oxandrolone Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; oxa-steroid | anabolic agent; androgen |
| dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid | androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| nad [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | NAD | geroprotector |
| penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope |
| pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pilocarpine | antiglaucoma drug |
| triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cetrimonium bromide cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt | detergent; surfactant |
| vincristine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; formamides; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid | antineoplastic agent; drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator |
| physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; indole alkaloid | antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic |
| sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glycosyl glycoside | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration. | 14.11 | 43 | 24 | 17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | xenoestrogen |
| testosterone propionate Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aporphine alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug |
| aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound | antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| methyltestosterone Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enone | anabolic agent; androgen; antineoplastic agent |
| tetrabenazine 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoquinolizine; cyclic ketone; tertiary amino compound | |
| cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent |
| uridine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | uridines | drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | kanamycins | bacterial metabolite |
| bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug |
| niridazole Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound | |
| androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid | androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; naphthalenes | acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant |
| lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | lactose | |
| methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| Mebutamate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid; colchicine | anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen |
| norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen. | 10.1 | 23 | 5 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol | progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| norethynodrel Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | oxo steroid | |
| benziodarone benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| mannitol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | mannitol | allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent |
| cytarabine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent |
| medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available] | 14.37 | 17 | 3 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester | adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| mestranol [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; terminal acetylenic compound | prodrug; xenoestrogen |
| methaqualone Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | quinazolines | GABA agonist; sedative |
| trypan blue VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cordycepin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines | antimetabolite; nucleoside antibiotic |
| tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan | antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug |
| allylpropymal allylpropymal: RN given refers to parent cpd. aprobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| butobarbital butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | chloroethenes | inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite |
| dehydrocholic acid Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 12-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-5beta-steroid; 7-oxo steroid; oxo-5beta-cholanic acid | gastrointestinal drug |
| methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic |
| isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glucitol derivative; nitrate ester | nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| synephrine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ethanolamines; phenethylamine alkaloid; phenols | alpha-adrenergic agonist; plant metabolite |
| benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbonyl compound | |
| furan furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | furans; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; Maillard reaction product |
| ergotamine Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | peptide ergot alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic agonist; mycotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; oxytocic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent |
| estradiol dipropionate estradiol dipropionate: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemline 7/83 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| neostigmine bromide neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bromide salt | |
| phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biguanides | antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent |
| mephobarbital Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant |
| hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes | antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant |
| trinitrotoluene Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | trinitrotoluene | explosive |
| framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoglycoside | allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite |
| pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone | antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector |
| meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hexosamine; secondary amino compound | |
| cinchophen cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
| pregnenolone [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| mequinol mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes; phenols | metabolite |
| quinestrol Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 17-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | xenoestrogen |
| dydrogesterone [no description available] | 3.48 | 7 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid | progestin |
| ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines | bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
| chlormadinone acetate Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL). | 5.42 | 7 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent |
| testosterone enanthate [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | heptanoate ester; sterol ester | androgen |
| aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | mixture | bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug |
| azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue | antineoplastic agent |
| phenyramidol phenyramidol: considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminopyridine | |
| carbutamide Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; sulfonamide | |
| nandrolone decanoate Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| bucladesine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; butanamides; butyrate ester | agonist; cardiotonic drug; vasodilator agent |
| betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent |
| perflubron perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | haloalkane; organobromine compound; perfluorinated compound | blood substitute; radioopaque medium |
| cyproterone acetate [no description available] | 12.88 | 9 | 1 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; chlorinated steroid; steroid ester | androgen antagonist; geroprotector; progestin |
| nandrolone Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17. | 21.67 | 378 | 95 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid | human metabolite |
| dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate | mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | immunomodulator; plant metabolite |
| chenodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| dihydralazine Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phthalazines | |
| phenylpropanolamine Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amphetamines; phenethylamine alkaloid | plant metabolite |
| dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ergot alkaloid; semisynthetic derivative | dopamine agonist; non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator |
| hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside | mutagen |
| medroxyprogesterone [no description available] | 4.03 | 1 | 0 | 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| chlormethiazole Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | thiazoles | |
| methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amphetamines; secondary amine | central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic |
| gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt | anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye |
| hematoporphyrin Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glycerylphosphorylcholine Glycerylphosphorylcholine: A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed) | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | glycerophosphocholine | |
| lactulose [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glycosylfructose | gastrointestinal drug; laxative |
| megestrol acetate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester | antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary |
| erythromycin stearate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoglycoside | |
| erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; erythromycin | |
| dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone. | 3.4 | 1 | 1 | 17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate | EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis. | 13.3 | 39 | 10 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| vinblastine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| estradiol valerate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glycopeptide | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite |
| d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alpha-tocopherol | algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite |
| dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide | cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic |
| amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines | diuretic; sodium channel blocker |
| pimozide Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound | antidyskinesia agent; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| sulfadoxine Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidines; sulfonamide | antibacterial drug; antimalarial |
| acadesine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide; aminoimidazole; nucleoside analogue | antineoplastic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity | antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
| doxifluridine doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug |
| iproclozide iproclozide: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| megestrol Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17. | 12.29 | 6 | 2 | 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| streptomycin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins | antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| cladribine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent |
| carbenicillin disodium [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| dehydroemetine dehydroemetine: was MH 1991-94 (see under EMETINE 1976-90); use EMETINE to search DEHYDROEMETINE 1976-94; amebicide, derivative of emetine. dehydroemetine : A pyridoisoquinoline which was developed in response to the cardiovascular toxicity associated with emetine and results from the dehydrogenation of the heterotricylic ring of emetine. It is an antiprotozoal agent and displays antimalarial, antiamoebic, and antileishmanial properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; isoquinolines; pyridoisoquinoline | antileishmanial agent; antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug |
| benorilate benorilate: was heading 1980-94 (see under SALICYLATES 1980-90); was BENORYLATE see under SALICYLATES 1975-79; BENORYLATE was see BENORILATE 1980-94; use SALICYLATES to search BENORILATE 1980-90 & BENORYLATE 1975-79; an ester of aspirin and paracetamol with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases; it has less severe side effects than aspirin | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbonyl compound | |
| trimetazidine Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| floxacillin Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside | antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic |
| tiadenol tiadenol: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide | |
| zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite |
| ethinyl estradiol-norgestrel combination Ethinyl Estradiol-Norgestrel Combination: ETHINYL ESTRADIOL and NORGESTREL given in fixed proportions. | 4.99 | 3 | 1 | ||
| stanozolol Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol | anabolic agent; androgen |
| clodronic acid Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent |
| xipamide Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
| selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound | geroprotector |
| levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole | antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator |
| estetrol Estetrol: A metabolite of ESTRIOL with a 15-alpha-hydroxyl group. Estetrol can be converted from estriol sulfate or DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE by the fetal-placental unit.. estetrol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol which has been substituted at the 15alpha and 16alpha positions by two additional hydroxy groups. It is a natural estrogen produced exclusively during pregnancy by the fetal liver. | 3.51 | 1 | 1 | 15alpha-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; steroid hormone | estrogen receptor agonist; estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; oral contraceptive |
| thiamphenicol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfone | antimicrobial agent; immunosuppressive agent |
| pizotyline Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzocycloheptathiophene | histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| isosorbide-5-mononitrate isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glucitol derivative; nitrate ester | nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| gestrinone Gestrinone: A non-estrogenic contraceptive which is a weak progestin with strong anti-progesterone properties. It is effective if used once a week orally or can also be used in intravaginal devices. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | oxo steroid | |
| danazol Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders. | 5.9 | 7 | 1 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | anti-estrogen; estrogen antagonist; geroprotector |
| daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones | antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite |
| carbimazole Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; carbamate ester | antithyroid drug; prodrug |
| bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | indole alkaloid | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist |
| triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug |
| oxyphenisatin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | indoles | |
| tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | chlorocarbon; chloroethenes | nephrotoxic agent |
| ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| butachlor butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide | environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic |
| rose bengal b disodium salt [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical |
| cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles | antibacterial drug |
| amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | timolol | anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist |
| nicergoline Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
| oxcarbazepine Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; dibenzoazepine | anticonvulsant; drug allergen |
| amineptin amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; carbocyclic fatty acid; carbotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound | antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor |
| zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| pirprofen pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrroline | |
| tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino cyclitol glycoside | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin |
| paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid | antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent |
| etoposide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| promegestone Promegestone: A synthetic progestin which is useful for the study of progestin distribution and progestin tissue receptors, as it is not bound by transcortin and binds to progesterone receptors with a higher association constant than progesterone.. promegestone : A progestin consisting of 17beta-propionylestra-4,9-dien-3-one substituted at position 17 by a methyl group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid | antineoplastic agent; progesterone receptor agonist; progestin |
| dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | catecholamine; secondary amine | beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
| ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide | anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
| amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin |
| ticrynafen Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes | antihypertensive agent; hepatotoxic agent; loop diuretic |
| methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent |
| bezafibrate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes | antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic |
| sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| 17-beta-hydroxy-7 alpha-methyl-androst-5-en-3-one 17-beta-hydroxy-7 alpha-methyl-androst-5-en-3-one: synthetic anti-progestational steroid; with anti-uterotrophic and gonadotropin-inhibiting activity; structure | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| benoxaprofen benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-benzoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes | antipsoriatic; antipyretic; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; nephrotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; protein kinase C agonist |
| permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes | agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide |
| pirfenidone pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridone | antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| desogestrel Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED). | 14.04 | 7 | 3 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| muzolimine Muzolimine: A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | |
| epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
| desflurane Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines | antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| cefoperazone Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
| foscarnet sodium trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt | antiviral drug |
| moxalactam Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin; oxacephem | antibacterial drug |
| nicorandil Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nitrate ester; pyridinecarboxamide | potassium channel opener; vasodilator agent |
| cefadroxil anhydrous Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
| encainide Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; piperidines | anti-arrhythmia drug; sodium channel blocker |
| buserelin Buserelin: A potent synthetic analog of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-serine substitution at residue 6, glycine10 deletion, and other modifications. | 11.91 | 4 | 2 | oligopeptide | |
| cefaclor anhydrous Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
| miglustat miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperidines; tertiary amino compound | anti-HIV agent; EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| cefotetan Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring) | anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug |
| enoximone Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| piritrexim piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic) | EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug |
| pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic) | anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic |
| atomoxetine hydrochloride Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant |
| quinapril Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| raloxifene hydrochloride Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride. | 3.41 | 1 | 1 | hydrochloride | bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| gepirone gepirone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-arylpiperazine | |
| mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound | abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| imiquimod Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | imidazoquinoline | antineoplastic agent; interferon inducer |
| sparfloxacin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | |
| zileuton [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzothiophenes; ureas | anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine | anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| cidofovir anhydrous Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phosphonic acids; pyrimidone | anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent |
| bromfenac bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amino acid; benzophenones; organobromine compound; substituted aniline | non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| atorvastatin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic) | environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| lamivudine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol | allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug |
| duloxetine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | duloxetine | |
| irinotecan [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug |
| valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| adefovir dipivoxil bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; carbonate ester; ether; organic phosphonate | antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent; prodrug |
| capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug |
| adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| halofuginone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | quinazolines | |
| ortho-cept ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination: Ethinyl Estradiol and Desogestrell given in fixed proportions; has proved to be an effective & well-tolerated oral contraceptive, which improves cycle control & has a beneficial effect on acne | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cefprozil [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
| 4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor |
| doxapram hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | central nervous system stimulant |
| 1,5-anhydroglucitol 1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | anhydro sugar | human metabolite |
| betulinic acid [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| amprenavir [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; sulfonamide; tetrahydrofuryl ester | antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor |
| testosterone undecanoate [no description available] | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glutathione derivative; organic disulfide | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| bendamustine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles | |
| erdosteine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| mizolastine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles | |
| intoplicine intoplicine: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridoindole | |
| telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| dexfenfluramine Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | fenfluramine | appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| 2-methoxyestradiol 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid | angiogenesis modulating agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| medetomidine Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | imidazoles | |
| sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins | antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| picosulfate sodium picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfate; pyridines | |
| nomegestrol nomegestrol: 19-nor-progesterone derivative; structure given in UD | 3.95 | 2 | 1 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| drospirenone drospirenone: a progestational compound with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity; structure given in first source | 8.17 | 9 | 2 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; steroid lactone | aldosterone antagonist; contraceptive drug; progestin |
| morphazinamide morphazinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for mono-HCL: 1473-73-0; structure in Merck Index | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | morpholines; pyrazines; secondary carboxamide | |
| dexrazoxane Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | razoxane | antineoplastic agent; cardiovascular drug; chelator; immunosuppressive agent |
| voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug | P450 inhibitor |
| cyclobutyrol cyclobutyrol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclobutyrol : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the hydroxy group is geminal to a 1-carboxypropyl group on a cyclohexane ring. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | bile therapy drug |
| terlipressin terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | polypeptide | |
| isoflavone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | isoflavones | |
| clevudine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines | |
| rosiglitazone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones | EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug |
| clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | macrolide antibiotic | antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic |
| fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol. | 5.93 | 3 | 3 | iditol | fungal metabolite |
| homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration. | 8.41 | 1 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid | fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| nomegestrol acetate nomegestrol acetate: do not confuse with Solastic | 11.39 | 4 | 1 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| lopinavir [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide | anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor |
| fulvestrant Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide | antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist |
| sr141716 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles | anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist |
| bosentan anhydrous Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist |
| selenomethionine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; selenomethionine | plant metabolite |
| pyridinoline pyridinoline: 3-hydroxypyridinium derivative collagen crosslink; structure | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| deoxypyridinoline deoxypyridinoline: structure given in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| perindopril Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| fingolimod fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminodiol; primary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; CB1 receptor antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist |
| ecteinascidin 743 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; azaspiro compound; bridged compound; hemiaminal; isoquinoline alkaloid; lactone; organic heteropolycyclic compound; organic sulfide; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; tertiary amino compound | alkylating agent; angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; marine metabolite |
| testosterone 4-n-butylcyclohexylcarboxylate testosterone 4-n-butylcyclohexylcarboxylic acid: testosterone ester which maintains serum testosterone of castrated monkeys in normal range for 4 months | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 16-hydroxyestrone 16-hydroxyestrone: has implications in estrogen physiology & pathophysiology; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3670 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| nitisinone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; cyclohexanones; mesotrione | EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor |
| marimastat marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor |
| clofarabine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| mitiglinide mitiglinide: a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid | |
| imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methanesulfonate salt | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| gefitinib [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist |
| trisequens Trisequens: triphasic preparation for estrogen replacement therapy; each 28-day calendar pack contains 12 tablets of estradiol 2 mg & estriol 1 mg, 10 of estradiol 2 mg & estriol 1 mg & norethisterone acetate 1 mg, 6 of estradiol 1 mg & estriol 0.5 mg | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | ||
| n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organoiodine compound | adenosine A3 receptor agonist |
| methotrexate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines | abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent |
| antiprimod azaspirane: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sulbactam [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | penicillanic acids | |
| olmesartan medoxomil Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls | |
| ulipristal acetate RTI 3021-012: progesterone receptor antagonist. ulipristal acetate : A 20-oxo steroid obtained by acetylation of the 17-hydroxy group of (11beta,17alpha)-17-acetyl-11-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3-oxoestra-4,9-dien-17-ol (ulipristal). A selective progesterone receptor modulator, which is employed as an emergency contraceptive. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester; tertiary amino compound | contraceptive drug; progesterone receptor modulator; progestin |
| ilomastat CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxamic acid; L-tryptophan derivative; N-acyl-amino acid | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent |
| docetaxel [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrate; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone | antineoplastic agent |
| atazanavir atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbohydrazide | antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor |
| levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor |
| ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound | anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite |
| cariporide cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tezosentan tezosentan: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antibacterial drug |
| jtt 501 JTT 501: an insulin sensitizer; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| cyc 202 seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2,6-diaminopurines | antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor |
| paromomycin Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic | anthelminthic drug; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug |
| avasimibe [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monoterpenoid | |
| biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biotins; vitamin B7 | coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V). | 3.4 | 1 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II | human metabolite |
| atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| troleandomycin Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyketide; semisynthetic derivative | EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| deferasirox Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; monocarboxylic acid; phenols; triazoles | iron chelator |
| tbc-11251 sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles | |
| sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C29-steroid; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol | anticholesteremic drug; antioxidant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; sterol methyltransferase inhibitor |
| benzarone benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzofurans | |
| estramustine Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; carbamate ester; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; radiation protective agent |
| noscapine Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; cyclic acetal; isobenzofuranone; organic heterobicyclic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; antitussive; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite |
| homoharringtonine Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid ester; enol ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid; spiro-epoxide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor; retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist |
| bortezomib [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines | antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor |
| ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas | antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| nexavar [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organosulfonate salt | |
| n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | N-acetylneuraminic acids | antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot. | 3.38 | 1 | 1 | peptide | |
| glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | D-glucosamine | Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite |
| 2-hydroxyestrone 2-hydroxyestrone: catechol estrogen which is a major metabolite of estradiol in man & animals; RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-hydroxyestrone : A 2-hydroxy steroid that is estrone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | 2-hydroxy steroid; catechols | human metabolite |
| quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cinchona alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker |
| meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide | antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
| griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound | antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite |
| digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cardenolide glycoside | EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor |
| saquinavir Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | L-asparagine derivative; quinolines | antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor |
| netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| trimethaphan camsylate trimethaphan camsylate : The (S)-camphorsulfonate salt of trimethaphan. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| erythromycin estolate Erythromycin Estolate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoglycoside sulfate salt; erythromycin derivative | enzyme inhibitor |
| cyclopamine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperidines | glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor |
| devazepide Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; indolecarboxamide | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cholecystokinin antagonist; gastrointestinal drug |
| tolterodine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | tertiary amine | antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant |
| doxorubicin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | anthracycline | |
| erythromycin ethylsuccinate Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; erythromycin derivative; ethyl ester; succinate ester | |
| tibolone tibolone: used in prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. tibolone : Estran-3-one with a double bond between positions 5 and 10, and bearing both an ethynyl group and a hydroxy group at position 17 (R-configuration). A synthetic steroid hormone drug which acts as an agonist at all five type I steroid hormone receptors, it is used in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and for treatment of endometriosis. | 3.41 | 1 | 1 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | bone density conservation agent; hormone agonist |
| ao 128 AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| acarbose [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino cyclitol; glycoside | |
| tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | retinoic acid; vitamin A | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule |
| retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | retinol; vitamin A | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate | |
| docosahexaenoate efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | docosahexaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | algal metabolite; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | octadec-9-enoic acid | antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent |
| tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | macrolide lactam | bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent |
| cerivastatin cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pyridines; statin (synthetic) | |
| rosuvastatin rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidines; statin (synthetic); sulfonamide | anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; cardioprotective agent; CETP inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
| eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols | anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic |
| clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | epoxide; phosphonic acids | antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor |
| zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | macrolide antibiotic | antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| drf 2725 ragaglitazar: a phenoxazine analogue of phenyl propanoic acid; Ragaglitazar is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | olefinic compound; polyphenol | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen |
| alitretinoin Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | retinoic acid | antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; metabolite; retinoid X receptor agonist |
| decitabine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | |
| teniposide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; beta-D-glucoside; cyclic acetal; furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; monosaccharide derivative; phenols; thiophenes | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
| dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | actinomycin | mutagen |
| tiazofurin tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; C-glycosyl compound; monocarboxylic acid amide | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; prodrug |
| melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent |
| tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids | antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| rubitecan rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary alcohol | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug |
| micafungin Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; echinocandin | antiinfective agent |
| riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | flavin; vitamin B2 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
| sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt | antacid; food anticaking agent |
| sodium acetate, anhydrous Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| sodium benzoate Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | organic sodium salt | anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug |
| ditiocarb sodium [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| carbenoxolone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| discodermolide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diterpenoid | |
| cannabidiol Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols | antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite |
| leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty. | 9.9 | 12 | 4 | oligopeptide | anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist |
| propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidinethione | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist |
| prothionamide Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridines | |
| etomidate Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; imidazoles | intravenous anaesthetic; sedative |
| mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones | antithyroid drug |
| sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide | analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent |
| capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | capsaicinoid | non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker |
| terbinafine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetylenic compound; allylamine antifungal drug; enyne; naphthalenes; tertiary amine | EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor |
| thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines | anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| tacrine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sodium propionate sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | antifungal drug; food preservative |
| D-fructopyranose [no description available] | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose | sweetening agent |
| digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope |
| streptozocin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tamoxifen [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| ethionamide Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridines; thiocarboxamide | antilipemic drug; antitubercular agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor; leprostatic drug; prodrug |
| fusidic acid Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid; steroid antibiotic; sterol ester | EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| estrone sulfate estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| hmr 3647 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| toremifene Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amine | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| telaprevir [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclopentapyrrole; cyclopropanes; oligopeptide; pyrazines | antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic |
| droloxifene [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| or 1259 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrazone; nitrile; pyridazinone | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| gestodene Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer | 6.91 | 4 | 2 | steroid | estrogen |
| orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative | anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor |
| idoxifene idoxifene: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| zd 6474 CH 331: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; organobromine compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amine | antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| silybin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chloramine-t chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | allergen; antifouling biocide; disinfectant |
| flosequinan [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
| tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols | antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor |
| dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | prostaglandins E | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic |
| dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol | antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene | antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A |
| alprostadil [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | prostaglandins E | anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone | geroprotector; human metabolite |
| amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic | antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite |
| clavulanic acid Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | oxapenam | antibacterial drug; anxiolytic drug; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor |
| pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen |
| oxymetholone Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| montelukast montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; quinolines | anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist |
| mycophenolate mofetil mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic ester; ether; gamma-lactone; phenols; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| entacapone entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-nitrophenols; catechols; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor |
| astaxanthine astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carotenol; carotenone | animal metabolite; anticoagulant; antioxidant; food colouring; plant metabolite |
| diosmin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; rutinoside | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant |
| cynarine cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkyl caffeate ester; quinic acid | plant metabolite |
| sdz psc 833 valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | homodetic cyclic peptide | |
| coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ubiquinones | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite |
| tranilast tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; dimethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide | anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; antineoplastic agent; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; calcium channel blocker; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent |
| etretinate retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | enoate ester; ethyl ester; retinoid | keratolytic drug |
| isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | retinoic acid | antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent |
| misoprostol Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ozagrel ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cinnamic acids | |
| pitavastatin pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanes; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolines; statin (synthetic) | antioxidant |
| alatrofloxacin mesylate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| codeine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic |
| cyclosporine ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | homodetic cyclic peptide | anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite |
| natamycin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; dicarboxylic acid monoester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyene antibiotic | antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; ophthalmology drug |
| acitretin Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acitretin; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; retinoid | keratolytic drug |
| cyproterone Cyproterone: An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females. | 3.49 | 2 | 0 | 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; chlorinated steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | androgen antagonist |
| dothiepin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dothiepin | |
| levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrrolidin-2-ones | anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| nalorphine Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
| naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist |
| oxymorphone Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
| sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol | antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor |
| topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester | anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker |
| alvocidib alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyflavone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor |
| seocalcitol seocalcitol: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fenretinide Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; retinoid | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant |
| geldanamycin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; cysteine protease inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor |
| morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| demycarosylturimycin h [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| clobetasol Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug; SMO receptor agonist |
| goserelin Goserelin: A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer. | 5.63 | 4 | 1 | organic molecular entity | |
| iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol | platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| vinorelbine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly; vinca alkaloid | antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent |
| furazolidone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime | antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| semaxinib semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | olefinic compound; oxindoles; pyrroles | angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist |
| orantinib orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; indoles; organofluorine compound | |
| molsidomine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion | antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene | antitussive; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; oneirogen; prodrug; xenobiotic |
| cefixime [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
| lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester | bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug |
| indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide | HIV protease inhibitor |
| enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug |
| nitrofurazone Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bleomycin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bleomycin | antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| imidapril imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; imidazolidines; N-acylurea; secondary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| sulindac sulfone sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfone | apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor |
| ximelagatran ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amidoxime; azetidines; carboxamide; ethyl ester; hydroxylamines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; tertiary carboxamide | anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; prodrug; serine protease inhibitor |
| ceftriaxone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,2,4-triazines; 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor |
| trandolapril trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| guanabenz acetate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | geroprotector |
| famotidine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide | anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor |
| cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether | antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
| aztreonam [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; monobactam | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| proguanil Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biguanides; monochlorobenzenes | antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor |
| rifamycin sv rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; cyclic ketal; lactam; macrocycle; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol; rifamycins | antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; bacterial metabolite |
| epoprostenol sodium [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | prostanoid | |
| ixabepilone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; beta-hydroxy ketone; epoxide; lactam; macrocycle | antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent |
| azlocillin Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
| dantrolene sodium dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent |
| nifurtimox Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nitrofuran antibiotic | |
| roxithromycin (E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | roxithromycin | environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| etonogestrel [no description available] | 4.03 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin |
| beraprost beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | enyne; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol; secondary allylic alcohol | anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin receptor agonist; vasodilator agent |
| lanreotide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lu 208075 ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| acetylcarnitine O-acetyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | O-acetylcarnitine; saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine | human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| nifurtoinol nifurtoinol : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent |
| fosinopril [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| eflucimibe eflucimibe: a powerful and systemic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| etomoxir [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| pentagastrin Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| estradiol valerate-dienogest estradiol valerate-dienogest: structure in first source | 6.13 | 5 | 1 | ||
| gentamicin sulfate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| azd 6244 AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles; bromobenzenes; hydroxamic acid ester; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor |
| vinflunine vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative; vinca alkaloid | antineoplastic agent |
| baci-im [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | homodetic cyclic peptide; polypeptide; zwitterion | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent |
| elagolix [no description available] | 3.41 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| norgestimate [no description available] | 3.49 | 2 | 0 | ||
| pf 03491390 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| amodiaquine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS. | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | polypeptide | |
| tannins gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | tannin | |
| ularitide Ularitide: a 32-amino acid peptide derived from (95-126 residues) of ANP PROHORMONE (1-126 residues); not biologically inactivated by a peptidase from dog kidney cortex membranes | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | ||
| c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin. | 3.44 | 1 | 1 | ||
| endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63) | 3.4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| mesna Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organosulfonic acid | |
| cerivastatin sodium cerivastatin sodium : The sodium salt of cerivastatin. Formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt; statin (synthetic) | |
| monensin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oxacillin sodium [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| sodium diatrizoate histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt; organoiodine compound | radioopaque medium |
| trelstar Triptorelin Pamoate: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-tryptophan substitution at residue 6. | 4.72 | 3 | 2 | ||
| interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ascorbic acid; vitamin C | coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent |
| tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist |
| piroxicam [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines | analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| acenocoumarol Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor |
| mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide | analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | |
| phenprocoumon Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor |
| rolitetracycline Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lornoxicam lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyridines; thienothiazine | antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| ajmaline [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms. | 7.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| contraceptives, postcoital Contraceptives, Postcoital: Contraceptive substances to be used after COITUS. These agents include high doses of estrogenic drugs; progesterone-receptor blockers; ANTIMETABOLITES; ALKALOIDS, and PROSTAGLANDINS. | 4.44 | 5 | 1 | ||
| hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| norgestrel Norgestrel: A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis. | 5.36 | 19 | 0 | ||
| entecavir entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol | antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
| acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine | antimetabolite; antiviral drug |
| cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine. | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| inosine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient |
| rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion | angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound | adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic |
| dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dacarbazine | |
| didanosine Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| ganciclovir [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine | antiinfective agent; antiviral drug |
| sildenafil sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperazines; pyrazolopyrimidine; sulfonamide | EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| penciclovir penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; propane-1,3-diols | antiviral drug |
| oxypurinol Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolopyrimidine | drug metabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor |
| raltitrexed [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound | antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger |
| leucovorin 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | formyltetrahydrofolic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| alanosine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tirapazamine Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; benzotriazines; N-oxide | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer |
| rifabutin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. | 0 | 10.35 | 29 | 5 |
| Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst. | 0 | 18.14 | 161 | 32 |
| Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5) | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum. | 1 | 20.14 | 161 | 32 |
| Suicidal Ideation A risk factor for suicide attempts and completions, it is the most common of all suicidal behavior, but only a minority of ideators engage in overt self-harm. | 0 | 7.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Menstruation, Painful [description not available] | 0 | 9.54 | 16 | 4 |
| Dysmenorrhea Painful menstruation. | 1 | 11.54 | 16 | 4 |
| Adenomyosis The extension of endometrial tissue (ENDOMETRIUM) into the MYOMETRIUM. It usually occurs in women in their reproductive years and may result in a diffusely enlarged uterus with ectopic and benign endometrial glands and stroma. | 0 | 10.62 | 28 | 3 |
| Pelvic Pain Pain in the pelvic region of genital and non-genital origin. | 0 | 14.51 | 49 | 16 |
| Bladder Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 5.66 | 6 | 1 |
| Postpartum Amenorrhea [description not available] | 0 | 3.57 | 2 | 0 |
| Amenorrhea Absence of menstruation. | 0 | 3.57 | 2 | 0 |
| Pain, Chronic [description not available] | 0 | 3.8 | 1 | 1 |
| Chronic Pain Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain. | 0 | 3.8 | 1 | 1 |
| Autoimmune Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin. | 0 | 7.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Ache [description not available] | 0 | 8.18 | 9 | 4 |
| Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. | 0 | 8.18 | 9 | 4 |
| Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Salpingitis Inflammation of the uterine salpinx, the trumpet-shaped FALLOPIAN TUBES, usually caused by ascending infections of organisms from the lower reproductive tract. Salpingitis can lead to tubal scarring, hydrosalpinx, tubal occlusion, INFERTILITY, and ectopic pregnancy (PREGNANCY, ECTOPIC) | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Colicky Pain [description not available] | 0 | 4.84 | 2 | 1 |
| Bladder Exstrophy A birth defect in which the URINARY BLADDER is malformed and exposed, inside out, and protruded through the ABDOMINAL WALL. It is caused by closure defects involving the top front surface of the bladder, as well as the lower abdominal wall; SKIN; MUSCLES; and the pubic bone. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Urogenital [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region. | 0 | 4.84 | 2 | 1 |
| Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia A benign form of endometrial hyperplasia with increased number of cells with atypia. The atypical cells are large and irregular and have an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. The risk of progression to endometrial carcinoma rises with the increasing degree of cell atypia. | 0 | 5.33 | 4 | 3 |
| Endometrial Hyperplasia Benign proliferation of the ENDOMETRIUM in the UTERUS. Endometrial hyperplasia is classified by its cytology and glandular tissue. There are simple, complex (adenomatous without atypia), and atypical hyperplasia representing also the ascending risk of becoming malignant. | 0 | 5.33 | 4 | 3 |
| Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders. | 0 | 4.37 | 4 | 1 |
| Cyst [description not available] | 0 | 4.25 | 4 | 0 |
| Hot Flashes A sudden, temporary sensation of heat predominantly experienced by some women during MENOPAUSE. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed) | 0 | 6.29 | 4 | 2 |
| Breast Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 9.99 | 5 | 0 |
| Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. | 0 | 4.99 | 5 | 0 |
| Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age. | 0 | 11.45 | 5 | 2 |
| Corpus Luteum Cyst [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 6 | 0 |
| Ovarian Cysts General term for CYSTS and cystic diseases of the OVARY. | 0 | 3.38 | 6 | 0 |
| Dysuria Painful URINATION. It is often associated with infections of the lower URINARY TRACT. | 0 | 2.61 | 2 | 0 |
| Fibroid [description not available] | 0 | 5.38 | 4 | 1 |
| Hemorrhage, Uterine [description not available] | 0 | 10.12 | 12 | 5 |
| Leiomyoma A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues. | 0 | 5.38 | 4 | 1 |
| Uterine Hemorrhage Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding. | 0 | 10.12 | 12 | 5 |
| Hemoperitoneum Accumulations of blood in the PERITONEAL CAVITY due to internal HEMORRHAGE. | 0 | 7.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Adnexal Diseases Diseases of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including diseases involving the OVARY, the FALLOPIAN TUBES, and ligaments of the uterus (BROAD LIGAMENT; ROUND LIGAMENT). | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Ovarian Diseases Pathological processes of the OVARY. | 0 | 7 | 14 | 2 |
| Cancer of Ovary [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of varying combinations of clear and hobnail-shaped tumor cells. There are three predominant patterns described as tubulocystic, solid, and papillary. These tumors, usually located in the female reproductive organs, have been seen more frequently in young women since 1970 as a result of the association with intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed) | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Recrudescence [description not available] | 0 | 7.07 | 15 | 2 |
| Bleeding [description not available] | 0 | 9.02 | 2 | 1 |
| Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. | 0 | 4.02 | 2 | 1 |
| Sterility, Female [description not available] | 0 | 6.11 | 5 | 2 |
| Infertility, Female Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception. | 0 | 6.11 | 5 | 2 |
| Hypomenorrhea [description not available] | 0 | 8.7 | 8 | 6 |
| Peritoneal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM. | 0 | 3.1 | 4 | 0 |
| Dyspareunia Recurrent genital pain occurring during, before, or after SEXUAL INTERCOURSE in either the male or the female. | 0 | 11.46 | 5 | 1 |
| Back Ache [description not available] | 0 | 3.64 | 1 | 1 |
| Back Pain Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions. | 0 | 3.64 | 1 | 1 |
| Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available] | 0 | 7.78 | 7 | 2 |
| Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. | 0 | 7.78 | 7 | 2 |
| Heavy Menstrual Bleeding [description not available] | 0 | 11.68 | 14 | 5 |
| Menorrhagia Excessive uterine bleeding during MENSTRUATION. | 1 | 13.68 | 14 | 5 |
| Cancer of the Uterus [description not available] | 0 | 5.98 | 5 | 2 |
| Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS. | 0 | 5.98 | 5 | 2 |
| Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Complication, Postoperative [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Endometrial Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Uterine Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS. | 0 | 3.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Disease Exacerbation [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Pneumothorax, Primary Spontaneous [description not available] | 0 | 3.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Pneumothorax An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL. | 0 | 8.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Premenstrual Tension A term used to describe the psychological aspects of PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME, such as the indescribable tension, depression, hostility, and increased seizure activity in women with seizure disorder. | 0 | 3.94 | 2 | 1 |
| Dementia Praecox [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Premenstrual Syndrome A combination of distressing physical, psychologic, or behavioral changes that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of PMS are diverse (such as pain, water-retention, anxiety, cravings, and depression) and they diminish markedly 2 or 3 days after the initiation of menses. | 0 | 3.94 | 2 | 1 |
| Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior. | 0 | 7.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Alopecia Cicatrisata [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present. | 0 | 3.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Sex Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 5.63 | 3 | 2 |
| Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female. | 0 | 5.63 | 3 | 2 |
| Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Anorectal Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 4.36 | 4 | 1 |
| Rectal Diseases Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). | 0 | 4.36 | 4 | 1 |
| Activated Protein C Resistance A hemostatic disorder characterized by a poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C (APC). The activated form of Factor V (Factor Va) is more slowly degraded by activated protein C. Factor V Leiden mutation (R506Q) is the most common cause of APC resistance. | 0 | 5.34 | 2 | 2 |
| Abdominal Migraine [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1) | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Insulin Sensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 4.7 | 3 | 2 |
| Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS. | 0 | 4.7 | 3 | 2 |
| Polycystic Ovary Syndrome A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading. | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Bilateral Headache [description not available] | 0 | 5.82 | 4 | 2 |
| Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available] | 0 | 4.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS. | 0 | 5.82 | 4 | 2 |
| Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug. | 0 | 4.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Acne [description not available] | 0 | 6.46 | 5 | 2 |
| Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors. | 0 | 6.46 | 5 | 2 |
| Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Bleeding Between Periods [description not available] | 0 | 4.75 | 3 | 2 |
| Metrorrhagia Abnormal uterine bleeding that is not related to MENSTRUATION, usually in females without regular MENSTRUAL CYCLE. The irregular and unpredictable bleeding usually comes from a dysfunctional ENDOMETRIUM. | 1 | 6.75 | 3 | 2 |
| Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Pleural Effusion Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Urinary Incontinence Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Vaginal Diseases Pathological processes of the VAGINA. | 0 | 4.81 | 2 | 1 |
| Hematuria Presence of blood in the urine. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Cancer of Endometrium [description not available] | 0 | 5.25 | 4 | 0 |
| Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells. | 0 | 10.25 | 4 | 0 |
| Thromboembolism, Venous [description not available] | 0 | 3.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM. | 0 | 7.19 | 4 | 2 |
| Venous Thromboembolism Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream. | 0 | 8.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Colonic Inertia Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY). | 0 | 3.43 | 1 | 1 |
| Low Back Ache [description not available] | 0 | 4.35 | 1 | 1 |
| Low Back Pain Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions. | 0 | 4.35 | 1 | 1 |
| Adenosis of Breast [description not available] | 0 | 3.43 | 1 | 1 |
| Fibrocystic Breast Disease A common and benign breast disease characterized by varying degree of fibrocystic changes in the breast tissue. There are three major patterns of morphological changes, including FIBROSIS, formation of CYSTS, and proliferation of glandular tissue (adenosis). The fibrocystic breast has a dense irregular, lumpy, bumpy consistency. | 0 | 3.43 | 1 | 1 |
| Cushing's Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Morbid Obesity [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Aortic Arteritis, Giant Cell [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Cushing Syndrome A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Obesity, Morbid The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Giant Cell Arteritis A systemic autoimmune disorder that typically affects medium and large ARTERIES, usually leading to occlusive granulomatous vasculitis with transmural infiltrate containing multinucleated GIANT CELLS. The TEMPORAL ARTERY is commonly involved. This disorder appears primarily in people over the age of 50. Symptoms include FEVER; FATIGUE; HEADACHE; visual impairment; pain in the jaw and tongue; and aggravation of pain by cold temperatures. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed) | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Sigmoid Colon Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Genetic Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Genetic Diseases, Inborn Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Long Sleeper Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 5.28 | 2 | 2 |
| Symptom Cluster [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Sleep Wake Disorders Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle. | 0 | 5.28 | 2 | 2 |
| Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex. | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Chronic Insomnia [description not available] | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition. | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Hirsutism A condition observed in WOMEN and CHILDREN when there is excess coarse body hair of an adult male distribution pattern, such as facial and chest areas. It is the result of elevated ANDROGENS from the OVARIES, the ADRENAL GLANDS, or exogenous sources. The concept does not include HYPERTRICHOSIS, which is an androgen-independent excessive hair growth. | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis Seborrheica [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Seborrheic A chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with unknown etiology. It is characterized by moderate ERYTHEMA, dry, moist, or greasy (SEBACEOUS GLAND) scaling and yellow crusted patches on various areas, especially the scalp, that exfoliate as dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis is common in children and adolescents with HIV INFECTIONS. | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Breast Diseases Pathological processes of the BREAST. | 0 | 3.8 | 2 | 1 |
| Cholera Infantum [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatoses [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Illness [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57) | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 4.14 | 6 | 0 |
| Kraurosis Vulvae [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus Atrophy and shriveling of the SKIN of the VULVA that is characterized by the whitish LICHEN SCLEROSUS appearance, inflammation, and PRURITUS. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Fetal Resorption The disintegration and assimilation of the dead FETUS in the UTERUS at any stage after the completion of organogenesis which, in humans, is after the 9th week of GESTATION. It does not include embryo resorption (see EMBRYO LOSS). | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Colonic Diseases Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Clot [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Pericementitis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperandrogenism A condition caused by the excessive secretion of ANDROGENS from the ADRENAL CORTEX; the OVARIES; or the TESTES. The clinical significance in males is negligible. In women, the common manifestations are HIRSUTISM and VIRILISM as seen in patients with POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME and ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERFUNCTION. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available] | 0 | 4.71 | 2 | 0 |
| Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency. | 0 | 4.71 | 2 | 0 |
| Coronary Heart Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels. | 0 | 2.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Adnexitis Inflammation of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including infection of the FALLOPIAN TUBES (SALPINGITIS), the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), or the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS). | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease A spectrum of inflammation involving the female upper genital tract and the supporting tissues. It is usually caused by an ascending infection of organisms from the endocervix. Infection may be confined to the uterus (ENDOMETRITIS), the FALLOPIAN TUBES; (SALPINGITIS); the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS), or may involve several of the above uterine appendages. Such inflammation can lead to functional impairment and infertility. | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Disease, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Hypospermatogenesis [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Female Genital Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Genital Neoplasms, Female Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE). | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |