Compounds > folic acid
Page last updated: 2024-12-05

folic acid

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Description

folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID135398658
CHEMBL ID1622
CHEBI ID27470
SCHEMBL ID3876
SCHEMBL ID20791897
MeSH IDM0008658

Synonyms (261)

Synonym
BIDD:ER0563
folic
BIDD:GT0641
folcysteine
pteglu
usaf cb-13
folsan
cytofol
folettes
pteroyl-l-glutamic acid
nsc 3073
folvite
vitamin bc
folan
liver lactobacillus casei factor
folsav
incafolic
folacid
nsc-3073
pteroylmonoglutamic acid
foliamin
folsaure
folbal
facid
pteroyl-l-monoglutamic acid
folipac
folacin
millafol
vitamin m
pteroylmonoglutamate
vitamin be
acifolic
CHEBI:27470 ,
folsaeure
n-(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}benzoyl)-l-glutamic acid
n-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)carbonyl]-l-glutamic acid
n-pteroyl-l-glutamic acid
DIVK1C_000494
KBIO1_000494
SDCCGMLS-0066738.P001
n-(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}benzoyl)-l-glutamic acid
n-(p-(((2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-pteridinyl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)-l-glutamic acid
nifolin [denmark]
l-glutamic acid, n-(4-(((2-amino-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)-
l-glutamic acid, n-(4-(((2-amino-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl)amino)benzo- yl)-
ai3-26387
novofolacid [canada]
einecs 200-419-0
n-(4-(((2-amino-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl)amino)benzo- yl)-l-glutamic acid
hsdb 2002
mission prenatal
folcidin (van)
ccris 666
n-(4-((2-amino-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)-l-glutamic acid
pga (van)
folicet (tn)
D00070
folic acid (jp17/usp/inn)
SPECTRUM4_001751
SPECTRUM_001381
BSPBIO_002338
SMP2_000137
PRESTWICK_230
cas-59-30-3
NCGC00016265-01
IDI1_000494
PRESTWICK3_000627
BPBIO1_000654
SPECTRUM5_000602
MLS001335861
folasic (australia)
kyselina listova [czech]
acido folico [inn-spanish]
foldine [france]
folina (italy)
acide folique [inn-french]
acidum folicum [inn-latin]
acfol (spain)
glutamic acid, pteroyl-, l-
folaemin [netherlands]
l-glutamic acid, n-(4-((2-amino-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)-
folicet
FOL ,
antianemia factor
folico (italy)
4-pteridinol, 2-amino-6-((p-((1,3-dicarboxypropyl)carbamoyl)anilino)methyl)-
glutamic acid, n-(p-(((2-amino-4-hydroxypyrimido(4,5-b)pyrazin-6-yl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)-, l
glutamic acid, n-(p-(((2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-pteridinyl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)-, l-
l-glutamic acid, n-[4-[[(2-amino-4,8-dihydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-
factor u
mittafol
pteroylglutamic acid
folate
59-30-3
FOLIC ACID ,
C00504
vitamin b9
folic acid, analytical standard
folic acid, meets usp testing specifications
folic acid, bioreagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture, suitable for plant cell culture, >=97%
2D0K
DB00158
pteroyl-l-glutamate
NCGC00142391-01
KBIOGR_002222
KBIO2_001861
KBIO2_006997
KBIO3_001558
KBIO2_004429
KBIOSS_001861
NINDS_000494
SPECTRUM2_001459
SPECTRUM3_000749
SPBIO_001357
SPECTRUM1502020
BSPBIO_000594
smr000471860
MLS001304016
folic acid, >=97%
HMS2092N17
AC-11682
AKOS000503224
folic acid [ban:inn:jan]
BMSE000299
HMS501I16
b03bb01
foldine
acidum folicum
CHEMBL1622
F0043 ,
HMS1921D20
HMS3259A05
HMS2096N16
folico
folaemin
acide folique
megafol
acido folico
novofolacid
935e97boy8 ,
nifolin
l-glutamic acid, n-(4-(((2-amino-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)-
kyselina listova
folina
neocepri
unii-935e97boy8
folic acid [usp:inn:ban:jan]
tox21_111559
dtxsid0022519 ,
NCGC00254203-01
tox21_300127
dtxcid102519
nsc-758158
MLS002548873
pharmakon1600-01502020
nsc758158
dosfolat b activ
HMS2270L05
S4605
AKOS016007919
CCG-38869
NCGC00016265-05
NCGC00016265-02
NCGC00016265-03
NCGC00016265-04
bdbm50367343
folic acid [who-dd]
folic acid component of folvron
folic acid [mi]
folic acid [who-ip]
folic acid [vandf]
folic acid [mart.]
folic acid [usp-rs]
calcium folinate impurity c [ep impurity]
n-(4-(((2-amino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)-l-glutamic acid
folic acid [ep impurity]
folic acid [green book]
folic acid [orange book]
acidum folicum [who-ip latin]
folic acid [usp monograph]
folvron component folic acid
folic acid [fcc]
folic acid [jan]
folic acid [hsdb]
folic acid [inci]
folic acid [inn]
folic acid [dsc]
AKOS015895671
[3h]folic acid
gtpl4562
[3h]-folic acid
(2s)-2-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)formamido]pentanedioic acid
gtpl4563
l-glutamic acid, n-[4-[[(2-amino-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-
NC00455
SCHEMBL3876
NCGC00016265-08
tox21_111559_1
pteroyglutamic acid
HY-16637
lexpec
bdbm50237629
folicare
bio science
preconceive
natur flow
folic acid, crystalline
(2s)-2-[[4-[(2-amino-4-oxo-3h-pteridin-6-yl)methylamino]benzoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid
GS-6860
(2s)-2-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)formamido]pentanedioic acid
folic acid, tested according to ph.eur.
folic acid, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
folic acid, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
n-[4-[[(2-amino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-l-glutamic acid
.beta.-d-allopyranose, 1,6-anhydro-2,3-di-o-methyl-4-o-(phenylmethyl)-
.beta.-d-ribo-2-heptulopyranose, 2,7-anhydro-1,4-dideoxy-3-o-methyl-5-o-(phenylmethyl)-
folic acid, vetec(tm) reagent grade, >=97%
folic acid, pharmaceutical secondary standard; certified reference material
SBI-0051701.P002
HMS3713N16
pteroyl-l-monoglutamate
pteroylglutamate
folic acid, british pharmacopoeia (bp) reference standard
n-{p-[(2-amino-4-hydroxypteridin-6-yl)methylamino]benzoyl}glutamic acid
folic acid, usp grade
Z2042042504
BP-13474
folic acid,(s)
(s)-2-(4-((2-amino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methylamino)benzamido)pentanedioic acid
112339-32-9
112339-08-9
Q127060
BRD-K18673820-001-07-2
SCHEMBL20791897
folic-acid
(2s)-2-[[4-[(2-amino-4-hydroxypteridin-6-yl)methylamino]benzoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid
cid 5280354
(2s)-2-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-hydroxypteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)formamido]pentanedioic acid
EN300-1667077
NCGC00016265-17
folaemin (netherlands)
folic acid (usp:inn:ban:jan)
nifolin (denmark)
folic acid (ep impurity)
folic acid (mart.)
folite
folvite(thomson.micromedex. drug information for the health care professional. 24th ed. volume 1. plus updates. content reviewed by the united states pharmacopeial convention, inc. greenwood village, co. 2004., p. 1422)
t-dol jiang suan bao
folic d3
folic acid (usp-rs)
(2s)-2-(4-(((2-amino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl)amino)benzamido)pentanedioic acid
folic acid (usp monograph)
acfol
foldine (france)
v04cx02
novofolacid (canada)
2-amino-6-((p-((1,3-dicarboxypropyl)carbamoyl)anilino)methyl)-4-pteridinol
acidum folicum (inn-latin)
acide folique (inn-french)
2-(4-((2-amino-4-oxo-1h-pteridin-6-yl)methylamino)benzoyl)aminopentanedioic acid
acido folico (inn-spanish)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Oral folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) is generally regarded as not toxic for normal humans. It may cause neurological injury when given to patients with undiagnosed pernicious anemia. The efficacy of antifolate drugs against Plasmodium is maximized in the absence of exogenous folic Acid.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"10-DAM appears to be as beneficial and as safe as MTX for the treatment of RA."( Efficacy and safety of 10-deazaaminopterin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A one-year continuation, double-blind study.
Alarcón, GS; Castañeda, O; Ferrándiz, M; Koopman, WJ; Krumdieck, CL, 1992)		0.28
"Oral folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) is generally regarded as not toxic for normal humans but it may cause neurological injury when given to patients with undiagnosed pernicious anemia."( Folic acid safety and toxicity: a brief review.
Butterworth, CE; Tamura, T, 1989)		0.28
" Oral administration of CBZ as an aqueous suspension every 8 h at a dose of 250 mg/kg was continuously protective against HFDE-induced seizures and was minimally toxic as measured by weight gain over 8 weeks of treatment."( Chronic carbamazepine treatment in the rat: efficacy, toxicity, and effect on plasma and tissue folate concentrations.
Carl, GF; Smith, ML, )		0.13
" The toxic effects of thymidylate synthase inhibition may be prevented by salvage of exogenous thymidine."( Potentiation of quinazoline antifolate (CB3717) toxicity by dipyridamole in human lung carcinoma, A549, cells.
Curtin, NJ; Harris, AL, 1988)		0.27
" Both alcohols are metabolised via alcohol dehydrogenase to their toxic metabolites."( Methanol and ethylene glycol poisonings. Mechanism of toxicity, clinical course, diagnosis and treatment.
Jacobsen, D; McMartin, KE, )		0.13
"Trimethoprim seems not to be a safe form of therapy in patients with a megaloblastic process; many of the toxic reactions reported with this drug may be on the basis of an unrecognized megaloblastic form of haemopoiesis."( Toxicity of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in patients with megaloblastic haemopoiesis.
Chanarin, I; England, JM, 1972)		0.25
" A serious chronic side effect of the drug is its hepatotoxicity, which may culminate in hepatic cirrhosis and death."( Methotrexate hepatotoxicity.
Barak, AJ; Beckenhauer, HC; Tuma, DJ, 1984)		0.27
" Folate in excess of 1 mg daily can have adverse effects in patients with untreated cobalamin deficiency, usually undiagnosed pernicious anaemia (PA)."( Adverse effects of increased dietary folate. Relation to measures to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects.
Chanarin, I, 1994)		0.29
"We attempted to develop a rodent model that exhibits characteristics of human methanol toxicities such as acidosis and visual dysfunction, which are correlated with an accumulation of formate, a toxic metabolite of methanol."( Animal model for the study of methanol toxicity: comparison of folate-reduced rat responses with published monkey data.
Garner, CD; Lee, EW; Terzo, TS, 1994)		0.29
" However, the toxic effects of piritrexim and trimetrexate suggest that dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) activity is essential for the parasite, most probably because of the role of this enzyme in the synthesis of thymidine nucleotides via thymidylate synthase."( The toxicity of antifolates in Babesia bovis.
Bagnara, AS; Nott, SE, 1993)		0.29
" Methanol toxicity initially is not characterized by severe toxic manifestations."( Methanol toxicity. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.
, 1993)		0.29
" Thus, DDATHF did not inhibit the growth of IGROV1 cells depleted of folic acid after stripping FBP with phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C, even at a dose toxic for cells constitutively expressing FBP."( Role of membrane folate-binding protein in the cytotoxicity of 5,10-dideazatetrahydrofolic acid in human ovarian carcinoma cell lines in vitro.
Bottero, F; Canevari, S; D'Incalci, M; Erba, E; Sen, S; Tomassetti, A, 1996)		0.29
" Because no high-quality data exclude specific adverse effects, physicians should be vigilant in identifying detrimental effects when patients increase their consumption of folic acid."( How safe are folic acid supplements?
Campbell, NR, )		0.13
" Although lower fat diets were related to lower self-reported intakes of several nutrients, no adverse effects were observed on blood biochemical measures of nutritional status."( Safety of a fat-reduced diet: the Dietary Intervention Study in Children (DISC).
Barton, BA; Franklin, FA; Hartmuller, VV; Hunsberger, SA; Kimm, SY; Kwiterovich, PO; Lasser, NL; Lauer, RM; Obarzanek, E; Simons-Morton, DG; Stevens, VJ; Van Horn, L, 1997)		0.3
" The LD50 occurred at 60- and 250-fold lower doses of LY231514 in DBA/2 and CD1 nu/nu mice, respectively, maintained on low folate diet compared to standard diet."( Role of folic acid in modulating the toxicity and efficacy of the multitargeted antifolate, LY231514.
Schultz, RM; Shih, C; Worzalla, JF, )		0.13
" Adverse effects in this group of patients included haematological ones (6%), asymptomatic elevations of liver enzymes (57%), gastrointestinal (6%) and dermatological side effects (3%)."( Toxicity profile of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. A preliminary survey.
Coleiro, B; Mallia, C, 1999)		0.3
" RTX induces proliferating tissue toxicities that are largely confined to the intestine, with diarrhea being a severe side effect in a small but significant minority of patients."( Balb/c mice as a preclinical model for raltitrexed-induced gastrointestinal toxicity.
Aherne, GW; Benstead, J; Clarke, SJ; Farrugia, DC; Jackman, AL; Pritchard, DM, 2000)		0.31
" Haematologic side effects could not be analyzed, since details of each haematologic side effect by patients were not provided."( Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis.
Moher, D; Ortiz, Z; Shea, B; Suarez Almazor, M; Tugwell, P; Wells, G, 2000)		0.31
" The toxic syndrome in primates is characterized by formic acidemia, metabolic acidosis and blindness or serious visual impairment."( Development and characterization of a rodent model of methanol-induced retinal and optic nerve toxicity.
Eells, JT; Henry, MM; Lewandowski, MF; Murray, TG; Seme, MT, 2000)		0.31
"It has been proposed that arsenic exerts its toxic effects, in part, by perturbing cellular methyl metabolism."( Folic acid protects SWV/Fnn embryo fibroblasts against arsenic toxicity.
Finnell, RH; Peterson, MH; Ruan, Y; Vorce, RL; Waes, JG; Wauson, EM, 2000)		0.31
"To study the effect of folates on discontinuation of methotrexate (MTX) as single-drug antirheumatic treatment due to toxicity, to determine which type of adverse events are reduced, to study the effects on the efficacy of MTX, and to compare folic with folinic acid supplementation in a 48-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial."( Effect of folic or folinic acid supplementation on the toxicity and efficacy of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: a forty-eight week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Breedveld, FC; de Boo, TM; de Rooij, DJ; Dijkmans, BA; Hartman, M; Huizinga, TW; Jacobs, MJ; Krabbe, PF; Laan, RF; Romme, TC; Rood, MJ; Severens, JL; van de Laar, MA; van de Putte, LB; van Denderen, CJ; van der Wilt, GJ; van Ede, AE; Westgeest, TA, 2001)		0.31
" The primary end point was MTX withdrawal because of adverse events."( Effect of folic or folinic acid supplementation on the toxicity and efficacy of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: a forty-eight week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Breedveld, FC; de Boo, TM; de Rooij, DJ; Dijkmans, BA; Hartman, M; Huizinga, TW; Jacobs, MJ; Krabbe, PF; Laan, RF; Romme, TC; Rood, MJ; Severens, JL; van de Laar, MA; van de Putte, LB; van Denderen, CJ; van der Wilt, GJ; van Ede, AE; Westgeest, TA, 2001)		0.31
" No between-group differences were found in the frequency of other adverse events or in the duration of adverse events."( Effect of folic or folinic acid supplementation on the toxicity and efficacy of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: a forty-eight week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Breedveld, FC; de Boo, TM; de Rooij, DJ; Dijkmans, BA; Hartman, M; Huizinga, TW; Jacobs, MJ; Krabbe, PF; Laan, RF; Romme, TC; Rood, MJ; Severens, JL; van de Laar, MA; van de Putte, LB; van Denderen, CJ; van der Wilt, GJ; van Ede, AE; Westgeest, TA, 2001)		0.31
" Folates seem to have no effect on the incidence, severity, and duration of other adverse events, including gastrointestinal and mucosal side effects."( Effect of folic or folinic acid supplementation on the toxicity and efficacy of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: a forty-eight week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Breedveld, FC; de Boo, TM; de Rooij, DJ; Dijkmans, BA; Hartman, M; Huizinga, TW; Jacobs, MJ; Krabbe, PF; Laan, RF; Romme, TC; Rood, MJ; Severens, JL; van de Laar, MA; van de Putte, LB; van Denderen, CJ; van der Wilt, GJ; van Ede, AE; Westgeest, TA, 2001)		0.31
"Treatment of iron deficiency anaemia with conventional oral preparations is handicapped by unpredictable haematological response in addition to potential for irritating gastrointestinal adverse events."( Evaluation of efficacy and safety of iron polymaltose complex and folic acid (Mumfer) vs iron formulation (ferrous fumarate) in female patients with anaemia.
Adsul, BB; Desai, A; Gandewar, K; Korde, KM; Reddy, PS, 2001)		0.31
" Of main concern are adverse effects of folic acid in cobalamin deficiency."( [Safety aspects of folic acid for the general population].
Eichholzer, M; Gutzwiller, F; Lüthy, J; Moser, U; Stähelin, HB, 2002)		0.31
" Although severe folate deficiency may have adverse effects on NK-mediated cytotoxicity, moderate folate deficiency, a degree of depletion associated with an increased risk of several cancers, appears not to affect NK-mediated cytotoxicity in rats."( Severe folate deficiency impairs natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity in rats.
Hayek, M; Kim, YI; Mason, JB; Meydani, SN, 2002)		0.31
" The LD50 for cyclophosphamide was significantly higher for the cereal diet than for the purified diets, but there was no difference among the purified diets."( Diet modulates the toxicity of cancer chemotherapy in rats.
Branda, RF; Brooks, EM; Chen, Z; McCormack, JJ; Naud, SJ; Trainer, TD, 2002)		0.31
" Prior gastrointestinal (GI) events and younger age were related to the adverse event, diarrhoea."( Factors associated with toxicity, final dose, and efficacy of methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Haagsma, CJ; Hoekstra, M; Huizinga, TW; Kruijsen, MW; Laan, RF; van de Laar, MA; van Ede, AE, 2003)		0.32
" This work presents the use of a sample translation technique (STT) as a means to minimize these adverse effects."( Use of a sample translation technique to minimize adverse effects of laser irradiation in surface-enhanced Raman spectrometry.
De Jesús, MA; Giesfeldt, KS; Sepaniak, MJ, 2003)		0.32
"A cross sectional study on 93 methotrexate treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis, comprising a clinical interview and physical examination to determine disease activity and methotrexate related adverse reactions."( Methotrexate related adverse effects in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are associated with the A1298C polymorphism of the MTHFR gene.
Aamar, S; Abou Atta, I; Ben-Yehuda, A; Berkun, Y; Friedman, G; Grenader, T; Levartovsky, D; Mevorach, D; Orbach, H; Rubinow, A, 2004)		0.32
"1298CC polymorphism was more common in methotrexate treated rheumatoid patients than expected in the population, and was associated with a reduction in methotrexate related adverse effects."( Methotrexate related adverse effects in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are associated with the A1298C polymorphism of the MTHFR gene.
Aamar, S; Abou Atta, I; Ben-Yehuda, A; Berkun, Y; Friedman, G; Grenader, T; Levartovsky, D; Mevorach, D; Orbach, H; Rubinow, A, 2004)		0.32
" Results of litter evaluation on GD18 showed that combined supplementation of FA and VB(12) ameliorated many of the adverse effects of ethanol."( The maternal combined supplementation of folic acid and Vitamin B(12) suppresses ethanol-induced developmental toxicity in mouse fetuses.
Li, Y; Long, Z; Shen, X; Tang, Y; Wang, J; Xu, Y; Zheng, X, 2006)		0.33
"Among 214 patients enrolled at 4 study sites, a total of 67 patients (31%) presented with a side effect (gastrointestinal event, headache, lethargy, alopecia, cough, or dyspnea)."( Risk genotypes in folate-dependent enzymes and their association with methotrexate-related side effects in rheumatoid arthritis.
Caldwell, JR; Dervieux, T; Furst, DE; Kremer, JM; Park, GS; Smith, KM; Wallace, DJ; Weisman, MH, 2006)		0.33
"To review the complementary medicines routinely encountered in psychiatric practice, their effectiveness, potential adverse effects and interactions."( Complementary medicines in psychiatry: review of effectiveness and safety.
Priebe, S; Turner, T; Werneke, U, 2006)		0.33
" Grade 2/3 treatment-related adverse events were diarrhoea (34%), fatigue (27%), stomatitis (15%) and hand-foot syndrome (22%)."( A phase II study of fixed-dose capecitabine and assessment of predictors of toxicity in patients with advanced/metastatic colorectal cancer.
Beale, P; Clarke, SJ; Horvath, L; Ong, S; Rivory, L; Sharma, R, 2006)		0.33
" Many of the components of leukemia therapy can contribute to adverse neurologic sequelae, including craniospinal irradiation, nucleoside analogs, corticosteroids, and antifolates."( Delayed neurotoxicity associated with therapy for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Cole, PD; Kamen, BA, 2006)		0.33
" The frequency of adverse events was not increased in patients with C677T polymorphism with 11 patients experiencing adverse events as compared to 19 in the group without polymorphism (of whom 4 and 7 patients respectively discontinued treatment)."( Correlation between methotrexate efficacy & toxicity with C677T polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate gene in rheumatoid arthritis patients on folate supplementation.
Aggarwal, A; Aggarwal, P; Mishra, KP; Misra, R; Naik, S, 2006)		0.33
" Therefore, an investigation was proposed in which it would be determined whether a general exemption could be granted for food fortification with a certain maximum safe amount per micronutrient."( Safe addition of vitamins and minerals to foods: setting maximum levels for fortification in the Netherlands.
de Stoppelaar, J; Fransen, HP; Kloosterman, J; Rompelberg, C; Verhagen, H, 2007)		0.34
"To develop a risk assessment model to estimate maximum safe fortification levels (MSFLs) of vitamins and minerals to foods on the Dutch market, and to evaluate these levels to derive allowed fortification levels (AFLs), which can be used for a general exemption."( Safe addition of vitamins and minerals to foods: setting maximum levels for fortification in the Netherlands.
de Stoppelaar, J; Fransen, HP; Kloosterman, J; Rompelberg, C; Verhagen, H, 2007)		0.34
" Whereas no definitive conclusion can yet be reached, evidence suggests that the improvement in side-effect profile is limited to fewer elevations of liver enzymes, but that this may be at the expense of decreased methotrexate efficacy."( Methods to enhance the safety of methotrexate prescribing.
Goldsmith, P; Roach, A, 2007)		0.34
" This is usually associated with a lower incidence of adverse events related to the upper gastro intestinal tract."( Safety and efficacy of iron(III)-hydroxide polymaltose complex / a review of over 25 years experience.
Geisser, P, 2007)		0.34
" Treatment of the toxic hepatitis with heptral increased the level of cytochrome P450, cytochrome b5, glutation activity of glutationetranspherase glutathione and reduced content of homocysteine."( [Efficacy and safety of heptral, vitamin B6 and folic acid during toxic hepatitis induced by CCL4].
Antelava, NA; Gogoluari, LI; Gogoluari, MI; Okudzhava, MV; Pirtskhalaĭshvili, NN, 2007)		0.34
" Main adverse drug reactions of severity grade 3 or 4 were neutrophil count decreased (20."( Efficacy and safety of two doses of pemetrexed supplemented with folic acid and vitamin B12 in previously treated patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
Adachi, S; Fujimoto, T; Fukuoka, M; Ichinose, Y; Kubota, K; Nakagawa, K; Nambu, Y; Nishiwaki, Y; Ohe, Y; Saijo, N; Tamura, T; Yamamoto, N, 2008)		0.35
", the safe limit."( Establishing safe and potentially efficacious fortification contents for folic acid and vitamin B12.
Dary, O, 2008)		0.35
"Supplementation with folic acid is an effective measure to reduce hepatic adverse effects associated with methotrexate treatment."( Effect of folic or folinic acid supplementation on methotrexate-associated safety and efficacy in inflammatory disease: a systematic review.
Paul, C; Prey, S, 2009)		0.35
"To review the adverse effects of methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis."( [The network of methotrexate toxicity].
Barcelos, A; Jorge, R; Neves, C, )		0.13
" Cutaneous lesions, neurologic symptoms, changes in the bone metabolism, teratogenecity and hyperhomocysteinemia are other examples of the adverse effects of methotrexate."( [The network of methotrexate toxicity].
Barcelos, A; Jorge, R; Neves, C, )		0.13
" However, the effective treatment conditions were severely toxic to human neutrophil progenitors called CFU-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM), which could not tolerate > or =40 microM BCNU at any O4BF concentration."( In vitro comparison of O4-benzylfolate modulated, BCNU-induced toxicity in human bone marrow using CFU-GM and tumor cell lines.
Behrsing, HP; Furniss, MJ; Parchment, RE; Robillard, KA; Tomaszewski, JE, 2010)		0.36
" We found no evidence, however, of the significant reduction in substantive maternal and neonatal adverse clinical outcomes (low birthweight, delayed development, preterm birth, infection, postpartum haemorrhage)."( Effects and safety of preventive oral iron or iron+folic acid supplementation for women during pregnancy.
Peña-Rosas, JP; Viteri, FE, 2009)		0.35
" Several forms of folate appear to be safe and efficacious in some individuals with major depressive disorder, but more information is needed about dosage and populations most suited to folate therapy."( Folate in depression: efficacy, safety, differences in formulations, and clinical issues.
Fava, M; Mischoulon, D, 2009)		0.35
" An understanding of structure-activity relationships (SARs) of chemicals can make a significant contribution to the identification of potential toxic effects early in the drug development process and aid in avoiding such problems."( Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity.
Fisk, L; Greene, N; Naven, RT; Note, RR; Patel, ML; Pelletier, DJ, 2010)		0.36
" The frequency of any adverse effect was 29."( 677TT genotype is associated with elevated risk of methotrexate (MTX) toxicity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: treatment outcome, erythrocyte concentrations of MTX and folates, and MTHFR polymorphisms.
Chládek, J; Dolezalová, P; Hoza, J; Hroch, M; Nemcová, D; Tuková, J, 2010)		0.36
" These toxic effects were not persistent (reversible)."( Reproductive toxicity of methomyl insecticide in male rats and protective effect of folic acid.
El Zorba, HY; Shalaby, MA; Ziada, RM, 2010)		0.36
" We examined whether folate supplementation before and during early pregnancy can reduce neural tube and other birth defects (including cleft palate) without causing adverse outcomes for mothers or babies."( Effects and safety of periconceptional folate supplementation for preventing birth defects.
De-Regil, LM; Dowswell, T; Fernández-Gaxiola, AC; Peña-Rosas, JP, 2010)		0.36
"Ten specific examples of the underestimation of the efficacy, effectiveness and tolerability, and overestimation of adverse events of weekly, low-dose methotrexate, administered with folic acid, in treatment of rheumatic diseases are summarised."( Underestimation of the efficacy, effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of weekly low-dose methotrexate in information presented to physicians and patients.
Furer, V; Pincus, T; Sokka, T, )		0.13
" Outcomes measured included adverse events (AEs), pharmacokinetics, and radiologic response."( Pralatrexate with vitamin supplementation in patients with previously treated, advanced non-small cell lung cancer: safety and efficacy in a phase 1 trial.
Azzoli, CG; Dunne, M; Ginsberg, M; Huntington, M; James, L; Kris, MG; Krug, LM; May, J; Miller, V; Patel, JD; Saunders, M; Sirotnak, FM; Subzwari, S; Tyson, L, 2011)		0.37
" The use of folic acid supplements might reduce the adverse effects of smoking."( Folic acid supplements modify the adverse effects of maternal smoking on fetal growth and neonatal complications.
Bakker, R; Hofman, A; Jaddoe, VW; Steegers, EA; Timmermans, S, 2011)		0.37
" Based on the above results, it could be concluded that Dol-PLA-PEG-FA polymer and its nanoparticles can be potentially used as a safe drug carrier with strong tumor cells targeting capability for tumor chemotherapy."( Dodecanol-poly(D,L-lactic acid)-b-poly (ethylene glycol)-folate (Dol-PLA-PEG-FA) nanoparticles: evaluation of cell cytotoxicity and selecting capability in vitro.
Liang, Z; Luo, C; Luo, Y; Wang, S; Wang, Y; Yang, L; Zeng, S, 2013)		0.39
" The vitamin is generally regarded as a harmless nutrient based on studies evaluating the safe upper limits of folate intake."( Molecular mechanisms underlying the potentially adverse effects of folate.
Krupenko, NI; Krupenko, SA; Strickland, KC, 2013)		0.39
" No adverse events were recorded."( Effectiveness and safety of citicoline in mild vascular cognitive impairment: the IDEALE study.
Castagna, A; Cotroneo, AM; Fantò, F; Gareri, P; Lacava, R; Malara, A; Monteleone, F; Putignano, S; Rocca, F, 2013)		0.39
" PEG-L-Zol was more toxic than DPPG-L-Zol."( Liposome encapsulation of zoledronic acid results in major changes in tissue distribution and increase in toxicity.
Amitay, Y; Gabizon, A; Gorin, J; Shmeeda, H; Tzemach, D, 2013)		0.39
" This strategy is under evaluation using liposomes carrying less toxic bisphosphonates."( Liposome encapsulation of zoledronic acid results in major changes in tissue distribution and increase in toxicity.
Amitay, Y; Gabizon, A; Gorin, J; Shmeeda, H; Tzemach, D, 2013)		0.39
" Liabilities of entomophagy include the possible content of allergenic and toxic substances as well as antinutrients and the presence of pathogens."( Nutritional composition and safety aspects of edible insects.
Rumpold, BA; Schlüter, OK, 2013)		0.39
" Folate supplementation can be used to reduce the adverse effects of MTX, though this may impact efficacy."( The effect of folate supplementation on methotrexate efficacy and toxicity in psoriasis patients and folic acid use by dermatologists in the USA.
Al-Dabagh, A; Davis, SA; Feldman, SR; Huang, K; Kinney, MA, 2013)		0.39
" The literature confirms a reduction in the adverse effects of MTX but less strongly that there may be a reduction in efficacy too."( The effect of folate supplementation on methotrexate efficacy and toxicity in psoriasis patients and folic acid use by dermatologists in the USA.
Al-Dabagh, A; Davis, SA; Feldman, SR; Huang, K; Kinney, MA, 2013)		0.39
" We examined whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in enzymes of the folic acid pathway (folylpoly-gamma-glutamate synthetase [FPGS], gamma-glutamyl hydrolase [GGH], and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR]) associate with significant adverse events (SigAE)."( Folic acid pathway single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with methotrexate significant adverse events in United States veterans with rheumatoid arthritis.
Cannon, GW; Caplan, L; Davis, LA; Kerr, GS; Mann, A; Mikuls, TR; Polk, B; Reimold, AM; Wolff, RK, )		0.13
" To define a safe dose of the supplement, the total folate (dietary + supplement) was compared with the tolerable upper intake level (UL = 1,000 mcg)."( [Evaluation of the safety of different doses of folic acid supplements in women in Brazil].
Marchioni, DM; Santos, Qd; Sichieri, R; Verly, E, 2013)		0.39
" As psoriasis is an incurable disease, the goal of the MTX treatment is to suppress psoriasis, achieving long-term remissions with minimal treatment-related adverse events (AEs)."( Folate supplementation reduces the side effects of methotrexate therapy for psoriasis.
Baran, W; Batycka-Baran, A; Bieniek, A; Szepietowski, JC; Zychowska, M, 2014)		0.4
" The use of methotrexate has been somewhat limited by concerns regarding its adverse effects, including its potential for hepatotoxicity."( A review of methotrexate-associated hepatotoxicity.
Bath, RK; Brar, NK; Forouhar, FA; Wu, GY, 2014)		0.4
" However, toxicity is still a concern, with a significant proportion of patients interrupting long-term treatment due to the occurrence of MTX-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs), which are the main cause of drug withdrawal."( Three decades of low-dose methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: can we predict toxicity?
Bernardes, M; Canhão, H; Fonseca, JE; Lima, A; Romão, VC, 2014)		0.4
"Kidney transplant recipients are at increased risk for adverse safety events related to their reduced renal function and many medications."( Safety events in kidney transplant recipients: results from the folic Acid for vascular outcome reduction in transplant trial.
Bostom, AG; Costa, N; Diamantidis, CJ; Gravens-Muller, L; Ivanova, A; Manitpisitkul, W; Weir, MR, 2015)		0.42
"We determined the incidence of adverse safety events based on previously defined Agency for Healthcare and Research Quality (AHRQ) International Classification of Diseases-9 (ICD-9) code-derived patient safety indicators (PSI) in the Folic Acid for Vascular Outcome Reduction in Transplant trial participants who had a hospitalization stratified by tertiles of estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR)."( Safety events in kidney transplant recipients: results from the folic Acid for vascular outcome reduction in transplant trial.
Bostom, AG; Costa, N; Diamantidis, CJ; Gravens-Muller, L; Ivanova, A; Manitpisitkul, W; Weir, MR, 2015)		0.42
" Careful monitoring is necessary to prevent adverse outcomes."( Safety events in kidney transplant recipients: results from the folic Acid for vascular outcome reduction in transplant trial.
Bostom, AG; Costa, N; Diamantidis, CJ; Gravens-Muller, L; Ivanova, A; Manitpisitkul, W; Weir, MR, 2015)		0.42
" Demographic characteristics were obtained and number of patients with MTX-related adverse affects, were recorded in the patient group."( Thymidylate synthase genetic polymorphism and plasma total homocysteine level in a group of Turkish patients with rheumatoid arthritis: relationship with disease activity and methotrexate toxicity.
Borman, P; Karabulut, H; Taşbaş, Ö; Tukun, A; Yorgancıoğlu, R, )		0.13
" Thirty-six of the 64 patients showed adverse effects to MTX treatment."( Thymidylate synthase genetic polymorphism and plasma total homocysteine level in a group of Turkish patients with rheumatoid arthritis: relationship with disease activity and methotrexate toxicity.
Borman, P; Karabulut, H; Taşbaş, Ö; Tukun, A; Yorgancıoğlu, R, )		0.13
" However, considering the potential significant drug-drug interactions between high doses of folic acid and some AEDs in patients with epilepsy and also with the emerging evidence from animal studies that high levels of folic acid throughout gestation may have adverse effects on fetal brain development, it is not suggested to advocate high dose folic acid supplementation in women with epilepsy until more information is available about its appropriate, safe and optimal dosing."( High dose folic acid supplementation in women with epilepsy: are we sure it is safe?
Asadi-Pooya, AA, 2015)		0.42
" We analyzed adverse effects, such as myelosuppression, rash, and diarrhea, after 1 cycle of pemetrexed therapy."( [Safety of pemetrexed according to the duration of vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation prior to the first dose of pemetrexed].
Chohnabayashi, N; Gotoh, K; Jinta, T; Kitamura, A; Koyama, K; Nishimura, N; Ohde, S; Okafuji, K; Takayama, S; Tomishima, Y; Tsuda, Y; Yagi, N, 2015)		0.42
" The obtained results suggest that occurrence of 677T allele and coexistence of 677T and 1298C alleles may be associated with lower MTX clearance and elevated risk of adverse effects during MTX-treatment of pediatric ALL patients."( Functional variants of gene encoding folate metabolizing enzyme and methotrexate-related toxicity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Fichna, M; Gowin, E; Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska, D; Kałużna, E; Mańkowski, P; Nowak, J; Strauss, E; Świątek-Kościelna, B; Zając-Spychała, O, 2015)		0.42
" Interestingly the equivalent dose of free DOX was more toxic to 3T3 than to Caco2 cells, reducing the 3T3 viability to 72% and the Caco2 viability to 80%, which is likely due to the presence of the p-glycoprotein pumps in Caco2 cells."( Cytotoxicity of folic acid conjugated hollow silica nanoparticles toward Caco2 and 3T3 cells, with and without encapsulated DOX.
Chen, Y; Lou, X; Patel, K; Sundara Raj, B, 2016)		0.43
" I have reviewed the Reports of four Expert Advisory Committees in Europe and the USA, which suggest that the safe upper tolerable limit (UL) for folic acid is 1 mg in adults."( What is the safe upper intake level of folic acid for the nervous system? Implications for folic acid fortification policies.
Reynolds, EH, 2016)		0.43
" Herein, we presented a dual-functional glioma targeting delivery of doxorubicin based on the PAMAM G5 dendrimer, modified with folic acid (FA) to target tumor cell, also borneol (BO), a well known safe material derived from traditional Chinese medicine, to facilitate the BBB permeability and reduce the toxicity of naked PAMAM."( A novel doxorubicin loaded folic acid conjugated PAMAM modified with borneol, a nature dual-functional product of reducing PAMAM toxicity and boosting BBB penetration.
Fang, L; Han, S; Li, F; Li, J; Liang, Z; Sun, Y; Tao, C; Xu, X; Zhu, J, 2016)		0.43
" To date, research on the potential for adverse effects of high intakes of folic acid has been limited."( Safe use of high intakes of folic acid: research challenges and paths forward.
Boyles, AL; Coates, PM; Thayer, KA; Yetley, EA, 2016)		0.43
"Many adverse drug reactions are caused by the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent activation of drugs into reactive metabolites."( Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
Jones, LH; Nadanaciva, S; Rana, P; Will, Y, 2016)		0.43
"This exploratory analysis evaluated the incidence of adverse events (AEs) by folate receptor (FR) status in the randomized, multicenter, open-label PRECEDENT study in women with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer receiving pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) ± the small-molecule drug conjugate vintafolide."( Adverse Event Profile by Folate Receptor Status for Vintafolide and Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin in Combination, Versus Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin Alone, in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer: Exploratory Analysis of the Phase II PRECEDENT Trial.
Bidzińsk, M; Herzog, TJ; Kutarska, E; Naumann, RW; Nguyen, B; Rangwala, RA; Symanowski, J, 2016)		0.43
" Although folate is believed to be non-toxic, the potential adverse effects of excessive intake of folic acid (synthetic form of folate) have not been highlighted well by authorities to people taking supplements; despite this, many studies have addressed this issue."( The adverse effects of an excessive folic acid intake.
Patel, KR; Sobczyńska-Malefora, A, 2017)		0.46
"Aluminum sulphate has a significant toxic effects for humans."( Folic acid improve developmental toxicity induced by aluminum sulphates.
George, SM; Mohamed, HK; Yassa, HA, 2017)		0.46
" We describe here the rationale and design of the CIRT-Adverse Events (CIRT-AE) ancillary study which aims to investigate adverse events within CIRT."( Investigating methotrexate toxicity within a randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial: Rationale and design of the Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial-Adverse Events (CIRT-AE) Study.
Barbhaiya, M; Chasman, DI; Corrigan, CC; Karlson, EW; Lu, F; Paynter, NP; Raychaudhuri, S; Ridker, PM; Ritter, SY; Selhub, J; Solomon, DH; Sparks, JA, 2017)		0.46
" The primary endpoints of CIRT include recurrent cardio vascular events, incident diabetes, and all-cause mortality, and the ancillary CIRT-AE study has been designed to adjudicate other clinically important adverse events including hepatic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, hematologic, infectious, mucocutaneous, oncologic, renal, neurologic, and musculoskeletal outcomes."( Investigating methotrexate toxicity within a randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial: Rationale and design of the Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial-Adverse Events (CIRT-AE) Study.
Barbhaiya, M; Chasman, DI; Corrigan, CC; Karlson, EW; Lu, F; Paynter, NP; Raychaudhuri, S; Ridker, PM; Ritter, SY; Selhub, J; Solomon, DH; Sparks, JA, 2017)		0.46
" We found nine studies evaluating the use and efficacy of MVMs in pregnant women and healthy adults and six studies in the elderly where adverse effects were explicitly addressed."( Multivitamin/mineral supplements: Rationale and safety.
Biesalski, HK; Tinz, J, 2017)		0.46
" The efficacy of antifolate drugs against Plasmodium is maximized in the absence of exogenous folic acid, suggesting that there is no safe minimum dose of ingested folic acid."( Safety and benefits of interventions to increase folate status in malaria-endemic areas.
Mwangi, MN; Prentice, AM; Veenemans, J; Verhoef, H, 2017)		0.46
" Of the various high throughput technologies available to detect global methylation profile, development of LINE-1 methylation index shall provide a cost effect-screening tool to detect epimutagenic events in the wake of toxic exposure in a large number of individuals."( Arsenic toxicity and epimutagenecity: the new LINEage.
Bhattacharjee, P; Giri, AK; Paul, S, 2017)		0.46
" TEM showed the relatively uniform spherical structure for particles and in vitro MTT assay showed that EPI loaded micelles were more toxic on Hela cell line than MCF7 as expected."( Folic acid Targeted Polymeric Micelles Based on Tocopherol Succinate- Pulluan as an Effective Carrier for Epirubicin: Preparation, Characterization and In-vitro Cytotoxicity Assessment.
Hassanzadeh, F; Khodarahmi, GA; Mehdifar, M; Rostami, M; Varshosaz, J, 2018)		0.48
"Metformin, first line medication in the treatment of type2 diabetes by millions of patients worldwide, causes gastrointestinal adverse effects (i."( "Metformin-resistant" folic acid producing probiotics or folic acid against metformin's adverse effects like diarrhea.
Olgun, A, 2017)		0.46
"The minimal core data set included age, sex, severity of psoriasis, systemic interventions, monitoring, adverse events (AEs), and reason for discontinuation."( Safety of Systemic Agents for the Treatment of Pediatric Psoriasis.
Alexopoulos, A; Baselga, E; Belazarian, L; Bronckers, IMGJ; Cordoro, K; Hogeling, M; Holland, K; Kievit, W; Lambert, J; Lara-Corrales, I; Mahé, E; Mrowietz, U; Murphy, R; Paller, AS; Philipp, S; Seyger, MMB; Siegfried, E; Szalai, Z; Tollefson, M; Tom, WL; Vleugels, RA; West, DP; Zachariae, C, 2017)		0.46
" In contrast, 5d-IV Act-D had the highest probability of being the least toxic regimen in terms of nausea and vomiting."( The efficacy and safety of first-line single-agent chemotherapy regimens in low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: A network meta-analysis.
Li, J; Li, S; Lu, X; Wang, J; Xu, C; Yu, H, 2018)		0.48
" The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of diminishing the side effect of mitomycin C by using pH-sensitive liposomes."( Diminishing the side effect of mitomycin C by using pH-sensitive liposomes: in vitro characterization and in vivo pharmacokinetics.
Fang, YP; Hu, PY; Huang, YB, 2018)		0.48
" Marked toxic effects were observed in animals treated with cisplatin alone, while treatment with the nanoparticles functionalized with cisplatin showed no toxicity."( Europium(III)-doped yttrium vanadate nanoparticles reduce the toxicity of cisplatin.
de Oliveira, PF; de Souza, LDR; Ferreira, NH; Furtado, RA; Magalhães, GM; Miura, BA; Nassar, EJ; Neto, FR; Ozelin, SD; Ribeiro, AB; Tavares, DC, 2018)		0.48
" In conclusion, these results suggested that NAC combined with FA can ameliorate the toxic effect of ASP on the rat's cerebral cortex."( The possible protective effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine and folic acid in combination against aspartame-induced cerebral cortex neurotoxicity in adult male rats: a light and transmission electron microscopic study.
Abd-Ellah, HF; Abou-Zeid, NRA; Nasr, NM, )		0.13
" The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which folic acid can inhibit the toxic effects of BaP both in vivo and in vitro."( The intervention mechanism of folic acid for benzo(a)pyrene toxic effects in vitro and in vivo.
Chen, Y; Gong, Z; Wang, L; Wang, P; Wu, Y, 2019)		0.51
" It appears that the toxic effects of BPA on testis might be minimized by FA treatment."( Effects of folic acid on testicular toxicity induced by bisphenol-A in male Wistar rats.
Gules, O; Naseer, Z; Tatar, M; Yildiz, M, 2019)		0.51
"New targeted therapies are intended to minimize the toxic effects and maximize destruction of tumor cells."( Augmented cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel by curcumin induced overexpression of folate receptor-α for enhanced targeted drug delivery in HeLa cells.
Dhanasekaran, S, 2019)		0.51
" All genetic polymorphisms, except for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase polymorphisms, were associated with hematological toxicities and did not appear to precipitate any non-hematological adverse events."( Folate pathway genetic polymorphisms modulate methotrexate-induced toxicity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Alshamaseen, D; Alsheikh, A; Farhad, R; Kadi, T; Yousef, AM; Zawiah, M, 2019)		0.51
" The aim of the present paper is to review existing literature to assess risks of excessive intake in LMIC to then highlight programmatic changes required to maximise benefits of micronutrient interventions while minimising risks of adverse effects."( Maximising benefits and minimising adverse effects of micronutrient interventions in low- and middle-income countries.
Baye, K, 2019)		0.51
" The pathogenicity of other iron-utilizing pathogens could also increase, causing inflammation leading to increased risk of adverse birth outcomes."( Excess risk of preterm birth with periconceptional iron supplementation in a malaria endemic area: analysis of secondary data on birth outcomes in a double blind randomized controlled safety trial in Burkina Faso.
Brabin, B; Brabin, L; Diallo, S; Gies, S; Kazienga, A; Lompo, OM; Ouedraogo, S; Roberts, SA; Tinto, H, 2019)		0.51
"Methotrexate (MTX) increases the risk of alopecia and stomatitis, but the prevalence of these adverse events among rheumatic patients taking MTX is poorly defined."( Low-Dose Methotrexate and Mucocutaneous Adverse Events: Results of a Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Lalani, R; Lyu, H; Solomon, DH; Vanni, K, 2020)		0.56
"This meta-analysis gives more precise estimates of mucocutaneous adverse events that occur in rheumatic disease patients taking MTX."( Low-Dose Methotrexate and Mucocutaneous Adverse Events: Results of a Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Lalani, R; Lyu, H; Solomon, DH; Vanni, K, 2020)		0.56
" Early embryonic exposure to DTG is developmentally toxic in zebrafish, and supplemental folic acid can mitigate DTG developmental toxicity."( The antagonism of folate receptor by dolutegravir: developmental toxicity reduction by supplemental folic acid.
Cabrera, RM; Finnell, RH; Gorelick, DA; Souder, JP; Steele, JW; Tukeman, G; Yeo, L, 2019)		0.51
" Both formulae were well accepted without differences in tolerance or occurrence of adverse events."( Suitability and safety of L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate as a folate source in infant formula: A randomized-controlled trial.
Demmelmair, J; Gimpfl, M; Hecht, C; Koletzko, B; Lakovic, G; Roehle, R; Schoop, R; Sipka, L; Trisic, B; Troesch, B; Vusurovic, M; Zdjelar, S, 2019)		0.51
" Thymidine promotes microbial conversion of the prodrug FUdR into toxic 5-fluorouridine-5'-monophosphate (FUMP), leading to enhanced host death associated with mitochondrial RNA and DNA depletion, and lethal activation of autophagy."( Dietary serine-microbiota interaction enhances chemotherapeutic toxicity without altering drug conversion.
Benjamin, SB; Drangowska-Way, A; Hilzendeger, MA; Joshi, C; Ke, W; Lewis, N; Locasale, J; Mony, VK; O'Rourke, EJ; Patti, GJ; Saba, JA; Yao, CH; Zhang, S, 2020)		0.56
" Using a modified WHO Safe Motherhood Assessment standard questionnaire, they recalled the total number of days of antenatal iron-folate intake and the attendant supplement-attributed undesirable experiences."( The Influence of Antenatal Oral Iron and Folic Acid Side Effects on Supplementation Duration in Low-Resource Rural Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Adan, F; Juma, M; Konyole, S; Oiye, S, 2020)		0.56
" Our study demonstrated that potentially, more counselling on nausea as a side effect might be critical in advancing iron-folate supplementation compliance."( The Influence of Antenatal Oral Iron and Folic Acid Side Effects on Supplementation Duration in Low-Resource Rural Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Adan, F; Juma, M; Konyole, S; Oiye, S, 2020)		0.56
"Both intravenous and oral treatments evaluated in this study, were effective and safe about the cardiovascular risk in "frailty" elderly patients, as resulted from non-linear HRV analysis."( A pilot study on secondary anemia in "frailty" patients treated with Ferric Sodium EDTA in combination with vitamin C, folic acid, copper gluconate, zinc gluconate and selenomethionine: safety of treatment explored by HRV non-linear analysis as predictive
Curcio, A; Iannarelli, N; Marchitto, N; Paparello, PT; Petrucci, A; Pironti, M; Raimondi, G; Romano, A, 2020)		0.56
"Non-linear HRV evaluation confirmed that oral administration of Ferric Sodium EDTA, in combination with vitamin C, folic acid, copper gluconate, zinc gluconate and selenomethionine (Ferachel forte®) did not impact the cardiovascular risk, without causing adverse events typically reported with other iron supplementation therapies, both oral and intravenous."( A pilot study on secondary anemia in "frailty" patients treated with Ferric Sodium EDTA in combination with vitamin C, folic acid, copper gluconate, zinc gluconate and selenomethionine: safety of treatment explored by HRV non-linear analysis as predictive
Curcio, A; Iannarelli, N; Marchitto, N; Paparello, PT; Petrucci, A; Pironti, M; Raimondi, G; Romano, A, 2020)		0.56
" This study examined whether maternal exercise during pregnancy and lactation mitigates the adverse effects of maternal obesity on offspring vascular endothelial function."( Exercise during pregnancy mitigates the adverse effects of maternal obesity on adult male offspring vascular function and alters one-carbon metabolism.
Aleliunas, RE; Bernatchez, P; Boonpattrawong, NP; Devlin, AM; Golbidi, S; Laher, I; Miller, JW; Tai, DC, 2020)		0.56
" There were two mild to moderate infusion-related adverse events; and five serious adverse events (three in the intravenous iron group, two in the oral iron group), unrelated to the study medication."( Efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose compared with oral iron for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in women after childbirth in Tanzania: a parallel-group, open-label, randomised controlled phase 3 trial.
Abdulla, S; Asilia, P; Daubenberger, C; Glass, TR; Issa, A; Kuemmerle, A; Lweno, O; Meyer-Monard, S; Mswata, S; Mwebi, KD; Schmidlin, S; Simon, B; Tanner, M; Vanobberghen, F, 2021)		0.62
"Intravenous iron substitution with ferric carboxymaltose was safe and yielded a better haemoglobin response than oral iron."( Efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose compared with oral iron for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in women after childbirth in Tanzania: a parallel-group, open-label, randomised controlled phase 3 trial.
Abdulla, S; Asilia, P; Daubenberger, C; Glass, TR; Issa, A; Kuemmerle, A; Lweno, O; Meyer-Monard, S; Mswata, S; Mwebi, KD; Schmidlin, S; Simon, B; Tanner, M; Vanobberghen, F, 2021)		0.62
" Therefore, in this study sodium alginate and chitosan were used to synthesize the hydrogels that are known as biocompatible, hydrophilic and low toxic drug delivery systems."( Cytotoxicity Effects of Curcumin Loaded on Chitosan Alginate Nanospheres on the KMBC-10 Spheroids Cell Line.
Afzali, E; Ansari, M; Eslaminejad, T; Shahrokhi-Farjah, M; Yazdi Rouholamini, SE, 2021)		0.62
" In this study, exosomes, a class of naturally occurring nanoparticles, were utilized as nanocarriers for safe and cancer-targeted delivery of a sonosensitizer, indocyanine green (ICG)."( Safe and Targeted Sonodynamic Cancer Therapy Using Biocompatible Exosome-Based Nanosonosensitizers.
Kang, HC; Kang, JH; Ko, YT; Nguyen Cao, TG; Rhee, WJ; Shim, MS; You, JY, 2021)		0.62
" Exposure to arsenic (particularly its inorganic form) through contaminated food and drinking water is an important public health burden worldwide, and is associated with increased risk of neurotoxicity, congenital anomalies, cancer, and adverse neurodevelopment in children."( Provision of folic acid for reducing arsenic toxicity in arsenic-exposed children and adults.
Bae, S; Berry, RJ; Cassano, PA; Caudill, MA; Farinola, AF; Guetterman, HM; Kamynina, E; Stover, PJ, 2021)		0.62
" Its use may associate with adverse effects presumably originating from folate deficiency."( Rescuing effect of folates on methotrexate cytotoxicity in human trophoblast cells.
Ravaei, A; Rubini, M, 2022)		0.72
"Despite the general acceptance of administering FA to prevent adverse events of MTX therapy, our findings suggest that FA may not be optimal, and indicate FTHF or MTHF as a better choice."( Rescuing effect of folates on methotrexate cytotoxicity in human trophoblast cells.
Ravaei, A; Rubini, M, 2022)		0.72
" Therefore, we constructed folate-modified triptolide liposomes (FA-TP-Lips) to target macrophages, thereby treating RA in a safe and effective way."( Folate-modified triptolide liposomes target activated macrophages for safe rheumatoid arthritis therapy.
Geng, HX; Guo, RB; Kong, L; Li, XT; Liu, Y; Wang, YJ; Wu, YN; Yan, DK; Yu, YJ; Zhang, XY, 2022)		0.72
" The current experiment pertains to a comprehensive overview of the toxic effects of acetamiprid and the protective role of folic acid against reproductive, hematological, histopathological and biochemical toxicity induced by ACP during 5 weeks."( Protective effects of Folic acid against reproductive, hematological, hepatic, and renal toxicity induced by Acetamiprid in male Albino rats.
Ahmed, MAB; Ali, RA; Amin, YA; Fouad, SS; Saleh, SMM; Toghan, R, 2022)		0.72
"In paediatric psoriasis, few studies have evaluated methotrexate effectiveness, adverse events and folic acid regimen."( Real-world Methotrexate Use in a Prospective Cohort of Paediatric Patients with Plaque Psoriasis: Effectiveness, Adverse Events and Folic Acid Regimen.
Bronckers, IMGJ; Bruins, FM; De Jong, EMGJ; Groenewoud, HMM; Seyger, MMB; Van Acht, MR, 2022)		0.72
" Unfortunately, PTX has some drawbacks including low solubility, cell toxicity, adverse cell reaction, etc."( Design of surface tailored carboxymethyl dextran-protein based nanoconjugates for paclitaxel: Spectroscopical characterizations and cytotoxicity assay.
Girase, ML; Ige, PP; Jain, PD; Nangare, SN; Sugandhi, VV, 2022)		0.72
" Adverse effects have been reported even at low doses (up to 25 mg/week), and there is risk of toxicity in the form of myelosuppression, hepatotoxicity, or pulmonary fibrosis."( Fatal low-dose methotrexate toxicity: A case report and literature review.
Ashforth, G; Ouellette, S; Razi, S; Shah, R; Wassef, C, 2022)		0.72
" Specifically, our aim was to assess any adverse effects of EGCG alone or in combination with an ovarian stimulator on serum liver function tests (LFTs) and folate level."( Assessing the Hepatic Safety of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) in Reproductive-Aged Women.
Al-Hendy, A; Christman, GM; Flaminia, A; Flores, VA; González, F; Huang, H; Johnson, JJ; Segars, J; Siblini, H; Singh, B; Taylor, HS; Zhang, H, 2023)		0.91
"We reported a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who received chronic methotrexate (MTX) therapy and experienced several adverse reactions like hemocytopenia and renal impairment."( Calcium Folate for Reducing the Side Effects of Low-dose Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report.
Hu, Y; Liu, R; Liu, X; Yan, Q, 2024)		1.44
"A 66-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis received MTX and developed adverse effects of bone marrow suppression, like pancytopenia."( Calcium Folate for Reducing the Side Effects of Low-dose Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report.
Hu, Y; Liu, R; Liu, X; Yan, Q, 2024)		1.44
"Low-dose MTX has fewer adverse reactions but may cause bone marrow suppression- related side effects."( Calcium Folate for Reducing the Side Effects of Low-dose Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report.
Hu, Y; Liu, R; Liu, X; Yan, Q, 2024)		1.44
" In addition, SpHL-DOX-Fol demonstrated a decrease in the systemic toxic effects of DOX, mainly in renal and cardiac parameters evaluation, even using a higher dose (20 mg/kg)."( Evaluation of acute toxicity and in vitro antitumor activity of a novel doxorubicin-loaded folate-coated pH-sensitive liposome.
Cassali, GD; de Alcântara Lemos, J; de Barros, ALB; de Oliveira Silva, J; de Paula Sabino, A; Fernandes, RS; Oliveira, MC; Townsend, DM, 2023)		0.91

Pharmacokinetics

Study compared docetaxel-loaded folic acid-conjugated liposomes with those of dry powder prepared by co-spray-drying LPs-DTX-FA. No marked differences were evident in lometrexol plasma half-lives, plasma clearance, or the extent of plasma protein binding.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The peak concentration of total folate in serum 1--2 min after administration of pteroylglutamate exceeded the sum of the endogenous stable and baseline serum folate, indicating that a reduced labile folate was released from the liver and perhaps from other tissues."( Radiochemical method for measuring plasma clearance and urinary excretion of pteroylglutamic acid.
da Costa, M; Rosenberg, Z; Rothenberg, SP, 1979)		0.26
"Studies are described that sought the basis for a discrepancy in values for a key kinetic parameter of methotrexate transport (influx Vmax) in L1210 cells derived alternately from biochemical or pharmacokinetic measurements."( Enhancement of folate analogue transport inward in L1210 cells during methotrexate therapy of leukemic mice: evidence of the nature of the effect, possible host mediation, and pharmacokinetic significance.
Barrueco, JR; Poser, RE; Sirotnak, FM, 1987)		0.27
" These pharmacokinetic studies have shown that, by analogy with experimental systems, cytotoxic plasma levels of CB 3717 are archieved in man."( The clinical pharmacokinetics of the novel antifolate N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid (CB 3717).
Alison, DL; Calvert, AH; Harland, SJ; Harrap, KR; Hart, LI; Newell, DR; Sessa, C, 1985)		0.27
" 1H and 13C are likely to be useful as non-perturbing NMR probes for future pharmacokinetic studies."( New techniques in the pharmacokinetic analysis of cancer drugs. III. Nuclear magnetic resonance.
Maxwell, RJ, 1993)		0.29
" No marked differences were evident in lometrexol plasma half-lives, plasma clearance, or the extent of plasma protein binding, indicating that there is not a pronounced pharmacokinetic interaction between lometrexol and folic acid."( Clinical pharmacokinetics of the antipurine antifolate (6R)-5,10- dideaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid (Lometrexol) administered with an oral folic acid supplement.
Boddy, A; Calvert, AH; Laohavinij, S; Newell, DR; Taylor, GA; Wedge, SR, 1995)		0.29
" The pharmacokinetics of the classical antifolate methotrexate have been well-defined and pharmacokinetic data can be exploited to reduce the toxicity and enhance the activity of the drug."( Clinical pharmacokinetics of antitumor antifolates.
Newell, DR, 1999)		0.3
" The study also sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic behavior of 1843U89 and to seek preliminary evidence of anticancer activity."( A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of 1843U89, a noncompetitive inhibitor of thymidylate synthase, in patients with advanced solid malignancies.
Burris, H; Goetz, A; Hohneker, JA; Johnson, TR; Lampkin, T; Rowinsky, EK; Sailstad, J; Schwartz, G; Smetzer, L; Von Hoff, DD, 2001)		0.31
"The pharmacokinetic changes of diltiazem (DTZ) and its main metabolite, deacetyldiltiazem (DAD) were studied after oral administration of DTZ to normal rabbits and mild and medium folate-induced renal failure rabbits."( Pharmacokinetics of diltiazem and its major metabolite, deacetyidiltiazem after oral administration of diltiazem in mild and medium folate-induced renal failure rabbits.
Burm, JP; Choi, JS; Lee, JH, 2001)		0.31
"The pharmacokinetic of tolbutamide was studied after the oral administration to normal rabbits or rabbits with mild to medium folate-induced renal failure."( Pharmacokinetics of tolbutamide after oral administration to rabbits with folate-induced renal failure.
Choi, JS; Shin, SC, 2003)		0.32
" The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic properties of orally administered 6[R,S] 5-MTHF versus folic acid in cardiovascular patients with homozygosity for 677C --> T MTHFR."( Pharmacokinetic study on the utilisation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and folic acid in patients with coronary artery disease.
Aengevaeren, WR; Blom, HJ; Boers, GH; Verheugt, FW; Willems, FF, 2004)		0.32
"The pharmacokinetic changes of tolbutamide were studied after oral administration to normal rabbits and mild and medium folate-induced renal failure rabbits."( Pharmacokinetics of tolbutamide after oral administration in rabbits with folate-induced renal failure.
Bae, HY; Choi, DH; Choi, JS, 2002)		0.31
"The objectives of these analyses were to (1) develop a semimechanistic-physiologic population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model to describe neutropenic response to pemetrexed and to (2) identify influential covariates with respect to pharmacodynamic response."( A semimechanistic-physiologic population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for neutropenia following pemetrexed therapy.
Ghosh, A; Johnson, RD; Karlsson, MO; Latz, JE; Rusthoven, JJ, 2006)		0.33
" Here, we present results from preclinical pharmacokinetic and tissue biodistribution studies using a radioactive folate-FITC conjugate and results from dose optimization studies done in tumor-bearing animals."( Preclinical pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and antitumor activity of a folate-hapten conjugate-targeted immunotherapy in hapten-immunized mice.
Leamon, CP; Low, PS; Lu, Y; Parker, N; Reddy, JA; Vetzel, M; Westrick, E; Xu, LC, 2006)		0.33
"The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of plasma pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic measures including plasma deoxynucleosides, homocysteine and methylmalonic acid concentrations in understanding the time course and extent of the inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) by pemetrexed in the context of a phase I/II combination study with vinorelbine."( Pemetrexed pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in a phase I/II study of doublet chemotherapy with vinorelbine: implications for further optimisation of pemetrexed schedules.
Clarke, SJ; Li, KM; Rivory, LP, 2007)		0.34
" The main purpose of the present study was to investigate a possible pharmacokinetic interaction between tea and folic acid in healthy volunteers."( Influence of green and black tea on folic acid pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers: potential risk of diminished folic acid bioavailability.
Alemdaroglu, NC; Dietz, U; Langguth, P; Spahn-Langguth, H; Wolffram, S, 2008)		0.35
" Standard pharmacokinetic parameters were determined and compared with Student's t-test, when appropriate."( Comparing folic acid pharmacokinetics among women of childbearing age: single dose ingestion of 1.1 versus 5 MG folic acid.
Boskovic, R; Kapur, B; Koren, G; Nguyen, P; Vandenberghe, H; Yazdani, P, 2008)		0.35
"Concentrations of O(4)BF and the metabolite in CSF exceeded the ED(50) of AGT; however, recently reported lack of receptor specificity and pharmacokinetic data suggesting saturable elimination of both O(4)BF and its metabolite may limit dose-escalation and future clinical development of this agent."( Plasma and CNS pharmacokinetics of O4-benzylfolic acid (O4BF) and metabolite in a non-human primate model.
Balis, FM; Chuk, MK; Cole, DE; Fox, E; Loktionova, NA; McCully, C; Parker, RJ; Pauly, G; Pegg, AE; Widemann, BC, 2011)		0.37
"The objectives of this study were (1) to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and malignant lymphoma (ML) in order to investigate the influence of common polymorphisms in SLC19A1, MTHFR and ABCB1 on plasma levels of MTX and (2) to estimate MTX exposure in individual patients to study the association of genetic variability in the folate metabolic pathway with MTX toxicity."( Association of genetic polymorphism in the folate metabolic pathway with methotrexate pharmacokinetics and toxicity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and malignant lymphoma.
Bohanec Grabar, P; Dolžan, V; Faganel Kotnik, B; Grabnar, I; Jazbec, J, 2011)		0.37
" Nonlinear mixed effects modelling was used for the pharmacokinetic analysis."( Association of genetic polymorphism in the folate metabolic pathway with methotrexate pharmacokinetics and toxicity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and malignant lymphoma.
Bohanec Grabar, P; Dolžan, V; Faganel Kotnik, B; Grabnar, I; Jazbec, J, 2011)		0.37
"A population pharmacokinetic model developed in this study implies only a limited influence of genetic factors on the systemic disposition of MTX."( Association of genetic polymorphism in the folate metabolic pathway with methotrexate pharmacokinetics and toxicity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and malignant lymphoma.
Bohanec Grabar, P; Dolžan, V; Faganel Kotnik, B; Grabnar, I; Jazbec, J, 2011)		0.37
" Folic acid was orally administered after a 6-hour fast, and blood samples were taken over a 10-hour period to evaluate pharmacokinetic parameters."( A comparison of folic acid pharmacokinetics in obese and nonobese women of childbearing age.
Kapur, B; Koren, G; Matok, I; Stern, SJ, 2011)		0.37
" Pharmacokinetic study revealed that DOMC-FA/PTX micelles exhibited higher AUC values and a prolonged residence time of drug in the blood circulation than that of Taxol injection."( Tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics evaluation of DOMC-FA micelles for intravenous delivery of PTX.
Guo, H; Guo, S; Hao, L; Li, C; Wang, F; Zhang, D; Zhang, Q; Zheng, D, 2013)		0.39
" Serum folate concentration may serve as a pharmacodynamic biomarker of intracellular nitrosylcobalamin activity following intravenous administration."( Serum folate: a pharmacodynamic biomarker of intracellular nitrosylcobalamin activity following intravenous administration in dogs.
Bauer, JA; Horne, WI; Steiner, JM; Suchodolski, JS; Sysel, AM, 2012)		0.38
" The objective of this intervention study was to compare the relationship between BMI and the short-term pharmacokinetic response to an oral dose of folic acid."( Obesity affects short-term folate pharmacokinetics in women of childbearing age.
Bailey, LB; da Silva, VR; Hausman, DB; Kauwell, GP; Rathbun, SL; Sokolow, A; Tackett, RL, 2013)		0.39
" Such formulations would serve to extend the drug half-life while improving the pharmacokinetic profile and biodistribution to reservoirs of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection."( Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and toxicity of folic acid-coated antiretroviral nanoformulations.
Alnouti, Y; Balkundi, S; Fox, HS; Gautam, N; Gendelman, HE; Liu, XM; McMillan, J; Puligujja, P; Thakare, R, 2014)		0.4
" The pharmacokinetic of DTX loaded FA-PF127-Chol micelles in comparison with Taxoter(®) was investigated in male Wistar rats."( Pharmacokinetics, Organ Toxicity and Antitumor Activity of Docetaxel Loaded in Folate Targeted Cholesterol Based Micelles.
Hassanzadeh, F; Javanmard, SH; Mahzouni, P; Taymouri, S; Varshosaz, J, 2016)		0.43
" However, the unreliable pharmacokinetic characteristics of DM-NCTD could result in low bioavailability, hindering the clinical use of DM-NCTD in the treatment of diseases."( Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of a diacid metabolite of norcantharidin loaded in folic acid-targeted liposomes in mice.
Gao, JQ; Han, M; Liu, MC; Ma, XQ; Peng, LH; Xu, Y, 2016)		0.43
"The purpose of this study was to develop folic acid functionalized long-circulating co-encapsulated docetaxel (DTX) and curcumin (CRM) solid lipid nanoparticles (F-DC-SLN) to improve the pharmacokinetic and efficacy of DTX therapy."( Folic acid functionalized long-circulating co-encapsulated docetaxel and curcumin solid lipid nanoparticles: In vitro evaluation, pharmacokinetic and biodistribution in rats.
Burman, R; Gill, MS; Pawar, H; Singh, C; Surapaneni, SK; Suresh, S; Tikoo, K, 2016)		0.43
" The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated (Cmax, tmax, AUC)."( Enhanced oral bioavailability of a novel folate salt: comparison with folic acid and a calcium folate salt in a pharmacokinetic study in rats.
Agostinetto, M; Bianchi, D; Miraglia, N; Valoti, E, 2016)		0.43
"7 ng/mL), while tmax values were similar for the three folate forms."( Enhanced oral bioavailability of a novel folate salt: comparison with folic acid and a calcium folate salt in a pharmacokinetic study in rats.
Agostinetto, M; Bianchi, D; Miraglia, N; Valoti, E, 2016)		0.43
" Because its half-life is 17 min after a 30 mg intravenous bolus administration, the suitability of mitomycin C for wide use in the clinical setting is limited."( Diminishing the side effect of mitomycin C by using pH-sensitive liposomes: in vitro characterization and in vivo pharmacokinetics.
Fang, YP; Hu, PY; Huang, YB, 2018)		0.48
" PEGylated liposomes decorated with folic acid have been investigated for several anticancer agents not only to extend plasma half-life but also for tumor targeting via folic acid receptors which overexpressed on tumor cell surface."( Gemcitabine-loaded Folic Acid Tagged Liposomes: Improved Pharmacokinetic and Biodistribution Profile.
Muddana Eswara, BR; Panduragaiah, VM; Sidramappa, MA; Unnam, S, 2019)		0.51
" The comparative in vivo pharmacokinetic and biodistribution characteristics of radiolabeled (99mTc-labeled) plain GEM solution, and all liposomal formulations (conventional:CLs; stealth: SLs; folate targeted: FTLs) were evaluated in mice model."( Gemcitabine-loaded Folic Acid Tagged Liposomes: Improved Pharmacokinetic and Biodistribution Profile.
Muddana Eswara, BR; Panduragaiah, VM; Sidramappa, MA; Unnam, S, 2019)		0.51
" In this study, we compared the physicochemical property, anti-cancer activity, tumor targeting and pharmacokinetic behavior of docetaxel-loaded folic acid-conjugated liposomes (LPs-DTX-FA) with those of dry powder prepared by co-spray-drying LPs-DTX-FA."( Inhalable dry powder prepared from folic acid-conjugated docetaxel liposomes alters pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties relevant to lung cancer chemotherapy.
Chen, X; Kong, Y; Li, N; Liu, Q; Lu, X; Lu, Y; Xing, H; Xu, J; Yang, Y; Zhao, D; Zhu, X, 2019)		0.51
" In this study, folic acid (FA) was used as a model drug and aimed at investigating a reliable method for its detailed pharmacokinetic evaluations."( Folic acid and its metabolite codetermination for pharmacokinetics with circadian rhythms and evaluation of oral bioavailability.
Chen, W; Li, H; Meng, F; Shakya, S; Wang, C; Wu, L; Xu, J; Zhang, G; Zhang, J; Zhu, R, 2019)		0.51
" Prior to FDC development, pharmacokinetic properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have to be evaluated, as well as methods for their determination developed."( Pharmacokinetic Profiling and Simultaneous Determination of Thiopurine Immunosuppressants and Folic Acid by Chromatographic Methods.
Amidžić Klarić, D; Brusač, E; Jeličić, ML; Klarić, I; Mornar, A; Nigović, B; Turk, N, 2019)		0.51
" The pharmacokinetic parameters were studied with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)."( Building and behavior of a pH-stimuli responsive chitosan nanoparticles loaded with folic acid conjugated gemcitabine silver colloids in MDA-MB-453 metastatic breast cancer cell line and pharmacokinetics in rats.
Babu, D; Gautam, M; Karuppaiah, A; Natrajan, T; Nesamony, J; Rajan, R; Ranganathan, H; Sankar, V; Selvaraj, D; Siram, K, 2021)		0.62

Compound-Compound Interactions

Intra-cerebral administrations of folic acid produce antidepressant-like effects. Folic acid or 17-β estradiol produces antidepressant effects, either alone or combined with several antidepressants.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"On a model of transplantable albeolar-mucous RS cancer it is shown that hydrocortisone, desoxycorticosteonre-acetate (DOCA), cyanocobalamine used in combination with folic and nicotinic acids does not lower the cytostatic activity of thiophosphamide and in a number cases even potentiates its action."( [Effect of corticosteroids, vitamins and their combination with thiophosphamide on the indicators of carbohydrate and electrolyte metabolism of animals with experimental tumors].
Butov, VI; Dunaev, VV, )		0.13
"Analysis of the dynamics of changes in the end part of the ECG ventricular complex in 311 patients with rheumatic heart disease and stages IIA, IIB, and III circulatory insufficiency after treatment with preparations of digitalis and their combination with biologically active substances (orotic acid, vitamin B12, calcium pantothenate, ATP, methionine, inosi-F) is presented."( [Changes in the end part of the ECG ventricular complex under the effect of digitalis preparations and their combination with metabolic preparations].
Abbakumov, SA; Makolkin, VI; Masliuk, VI; Nedostup, AV; Popova, TA, 1977)		0.26
" However, one study did demonstrate differences in the pharmacokinetics of 7-hydroxy-methotrexate, the active metabolite of MTX, when MTX was administered with aspirin."( Methotrexate and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug interactions.
Frenia, ML; Long, KS, 1992)		0.28
"The presence of low concentrations of the lipophilic dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors metoprine or trimetrexate, which cause little inhibition in the growth of cultured hepatoma cells in combination with weakly inhibiting concentrations of 5,10-dideazatetrahydrofolate, exhibit greater activity than would be predicted by the activity of the individual components."( Antifolate drug interactions: enhancement of growth inhibition due to the antipurine 5,10-dideazatetrahydrofolic acid by the lipophilic dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors metoprine and trimetrexate.
Boschelli, D; Galivan, J; Kerwar, SS; Nimec, Z; Oronsky, AL; Rhee, M, 1988)		0.27
" Drugs were administered with a programmable-in-time pump by continuous infusion for 5 days."( Spontaneous or imposed circadian changes in plasma concentrations of 5-fluorouracil coadministered with folinic acid and oxaliplatin: relationship with mucosal toxicity in patients with cancer.
Bastian, G; Brienza, S; Comisso, M; Etienne, MC; Lévi, F; Massari, C; Metzger, G; Milano, G; Misset, JL; Touitou, Y, 1994)		0.29
" This observation prompted a Phase I clinical study of lometrexol given with folic acid supplementation which has confirmed that the toxicity of lometrexol can be markedly reduced by folic acid supplementation."( A phase I clinical study of the antipurine antifolate lometrexol (DDATHF) given with oral folic acid.
Bailey, N; Boddy, AV; Calvert, AH; Chapman, F; Gumbrell, L; Humphreys, A; Laohavinij, S; Lind, MJ; Newell, DR; Oakley, A; Proctor, M; Robson, L; Simmons, D; Taylor, GA; Thomas, HD; Wedge, SR, 1996)		0.29
" Lometrexol pharmacokinetics were also examined in seven patients who received 45 or 60 mg/m2 lometrexol as part of a separate study of the drug given with folinic acid rescue 5-7 days after treatment."( Clinical pharmacokinetics of the antipurine antifolate (6R)-5,10- dideaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid (Lometrexol) administered with an oral folic acid supplement.
Boddy, A; Calvert, AH; Laohavinij, S; Newell, DR; Taylor, GA; Wedge, SR, 1995)		0.29
" Although the sample size is small, these findings suggest that daily administration of 400 microg/day folic acid combined with vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 may be equivalent to higher doses in reducing homocysteine levels in patients with CAD."( Reduction of homocysteine levels in coronary artery disease by low-dose folic acid combined with vitamins B6 and B12.
Abou-Ghazala, T; Alsous, F; Arheart, K; Gupta, A; Jacobsen, DW; Kruger, WD; Lobo, A; Moustapha, A; Nahlawi, M; Naso, A; Robinson, K; van Lente, F, 1999)		0.3
"This study reports our first results of ambulant photodynamic treatment with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in combination with folic acid and subsequent illumination with a noncoherent light source."( Ambulant photodynamic therapy of superficial malignomas with 5-ALA in combination with folic acid and use of noncoherent light.
Alth, G; Dobrowsky, W; Jindra, RH; Kolbabek, H; Kubin, A, 1999)		0.3
" The decrease in bioavailability of these nutrients when the multi-micronutrient supplement is combined with a milk-based cornstarch porridge is small."( Bioavailability of iron, zinc, folate, and vitamin C in the IRIS multi-micronutrient supplement: effect of combination with a milk-based cornstarch porridge.
Donangelo, CM; Gross, R; Hoenicke, I; Jandel, D; Kamp, F; Pietrzk, K; Trugo, NM, 2003)		0.32
" Several phase I/II trials of pemetrexed as a single agent or in combination with a platinum drug have demonstrated considerable activity in mesothelioma."( Pemetrexed alone and in combination with platinum compounds in the management of malignant mesothelioma.
Green, MR; Meyer, ML; Suwanrusme, H, 2004)		0.32
" It is our hope that the wide use of an appropriate procedure of the trienzyme-extraction method, in combination with a reasonable detection method, help in establishing accurate and reliable food-folate tables and that this, in turn, makes it possible to accurately assess folate intake in the general population."( Trienzyme extraction in combination with microbiologic assay in food folate analysis: an updated review.
Hyun, TH; Tamura, T, 2005)		0.33
"To demonstrate the specific killing of folate receptor (FR)-positive tumor cells can be achieved by folate-targeted penicillin-G amidase (PGA) combined with its prodrug substrate N-(phenylacetyl) doxorubicin (DOXP)."( [Anticancer activity of N-(phenylacetyl) doxorubicin combined with folate-targeted PGA].
Lin, JL; Long, N; Xiang, GY; Zeng, FB; Zhang, Q, 2005)		0.33
" This study therefore investigated if mild depletion of folate combined with depletion of riboflavin, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 could induce alterations in the Wnt pathway in the colonic mucosa."( Mild depletion of dietary folate combined with other B vitamins alters multiple components of the Wnt pathway in mouse colon.
Bronson, R; Choi, SW; Crott, JW; Jang, H; Keyes, MK; Kim, M; Laird, PW; Liu, Z; Mason, JB; Smith, DE, 2007)		0.34
"The goal of the present report is to compare several published methods of analyzing drug-drug interaction data."( Comparison of methods for evaluating drug-drug interaction.
Au, JL; Wientjes, MG; Zhao, L, 2010)		0.36
"To investigate the efficacy of enalapril combined with folic acid in lowering both blood pressure and plasma total homocysteine (Hcy) in essential hypertensive patients."( [Efficacy of enalapril combined with folic acid in lowering blood pressure and plasma homocysteine level].
Fu, J; Mao, GY; Qin, XH; Tang, GF; Tang, HQ, 2009)		0.35
"As compared to enalapril alone, enalapril combined with folic acid showed a better efficacy in reducing both blood pressure and plasma Hcy level in hypertensive subjects."( [Efficacy of enalapril combined with folic acid in lowering blood pressure and plasma homocysteine level].
Fu, J; Mao, GY; Qin, XH; Tang, GF; Tang, HQ, 2009)		0.35
"The purpose of this work was to assess synergistic inhibitory responses of a novel chemopreventive combination regimen of drugs namely, aspirin in combination with calcium and folic acid on two human colon cancer cell lines, HT-29 and SW-480."( Nanoparticulate delivery of novel drug combination regimens for the chemoprevention of colon cancer.
Chaudhary, A; Kanthamneni, N; Prabhu, S; Wang, J, 2010)		0.36
" The findings show that supplementation with Fe and particularly in combination with vitamins could improve the haematological status as well as oxidative stress and erythrocyte membrane fluidity."( Supplementation of iron alone and combined with vitamins improves haematological status, erythrocyte membrane fluidity and oxidative stress in anaemic pregnant women.
Han, XX; Jiang, DC; Kok, FJ; Ma, AG; Schouten, EG; Sun, YY; Yang, F; Zhang, FZ, 2010)		0.36
"Folic acid or 17-β estradiol produces antidepressant effects, either alone or combined with several antidepressants."( The folic acid combined with 17-β estradiol produces antidepressant-like actions in ovariectomized rats forced to swim.
Jaramillo, MT; Molina-Hernández, M; Olivera-López, JI; Téllez-Alcántara, NP, 2011)		0.37
"Intra-cerebral administrations of folic acid produce antidepressant-like effects; either alone or combined with several antidepressant drugs."( Intra-lateral septal infusions of folic acid alone or combined with various antidepressant drugs produce antidepressant-like actions in male Wistar rats forced to swim.
Jaramillo, MT; Molina-Hernández, M; Olivera-López, JI; Téllez-Alcántara, NP, 2012)		0.38
"Folic acid is antidepressant, either alone or combined with several antidepressant drugs."( Fluoxetine, 17-β estradiol or folic acid combined with intra-lateral septal infusions of neuropeptide Y produced antidepressant-like actions in ovariectomized rats forced to swim.
Molina-Hernández, M; Téllez-Alcántara, NP, 2011)		0.37
"This is the first phase I, open-label study to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of a novel immunotherapeutic regimen known as Folate Immune (EC90 vaccine administered with GPI-0100 adjuvant followed by EC17, a folate-targeted hapten immunotherapy that targets folate receptor expressing cancer cells), which is designed to convert poorly immunogenic tumors to highly immunogenic tumors in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma."( A phase I study of folate immune therapy (EC90 vaccine administered with GPI-0100 adjuvant followed by EC17) in patients with renal cell carcinoma.
Amato, RJ; Ellis, R; Low, PS; Lu, Y; Shetty, A, 2013)		0.39
" This study determined whether early-life exposure to supplemental folic acid (FA) - that may enhance DNA methylation of target genes - in combination with ISO provides greater benefits to male bone development than ISO alone."( Adequate but not supplemental folic acid combined with soy isoflavones during early life improves bone health at adulthood in male mice.
Kaludjerovic, J; Ward, WE, 2013)		0.39
" Application of (177)Lu-EC0800 with PMXther resulted in a two- to four-fold enhanced tumor growth delay and a prolonged survival of KB and IGROV-1 tumor-bearing mice, as compared to the combination with PMXsubther or untreated control mice."( 177Lu-EC0800 combined with the antifolate pemetrexed: preclinical pilot study of folate receptor targeted radionuclide tumor therapy.
Haller, S; Leamon, CP; Müller, C; Reber, J, 2013)		0.39
" It was found that transient folate deprivation combined with SMs was sufficient to permit reprogramming from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) in the presence of transcription factors, Oct4 and Klf4, within 25 days, replacing Sox2 and c-Myc, and accelerated the generation of mouse iPSCs."( Transient folate deprivation in combination with small-molecule compounds facilitates the generation of somatic cell-derived pluripotent stem cells in mice.
Fang, Y; Hu, WT; Qiu, ZD; Yan, QY; Zhang, SM, 2014)		0.4
"To evaluate efficacy and side effects of glycididazole sodium (CMNa) combined with chemotherapy (cisplatin plus 5-FU/folic acid, PLF) and radiotherapy in treating patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma."( Glycididazole sodium combined with radiochemotherapy for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Chen, DP; Li, MY; Liang, YY; Liu, JQ; Qi, B; Yin, WJ, 2014)		0.4
"To explore the effect of folic acid-modified magnetic nanoparticles (FA-MNPs) combined with a 100 Hz extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on the apoptosis of liver cancer BEL-7402 cells."( Apoptosis selectively induced in BEL-7402 cells by folic acid-modified magnetic nanoparticles combined with 100 Hz magnetic field.
Chen, B; Chen, Z; Jiang, S; Wen, J; Yang, R; Yi, Y; Zhao, W, 2014)		0.4
"FA-MNPs combined with a 100 Hz magnetic field significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced higher apoptosis compared to either the ELF-EMF alone or FA-MNPs alone."( Apoptosis selectively induced in BEL-7402 cells by folic acid-modified magnetic nanoparticles combined with 100 Hz magnetic field.
Chen, B; Chen, Z; Jiang, S; Wen, J; Yang, R; Yi, Y; Zhao, W, 2014)		0.4
"These results suggest that FA-MNPs may induce apoptosis in a cellular iron uptake-dependent manner when combined with an ELF-EMF in BEL-7402 cells."( Apoptosis selectively induced in BEL-7402 cells by folic acid-modified magnetic nanoparticles combined with 100 Hz magnetic field.
Chen, B; Chen, Z; Jiang, S; Wen, J; Yang, R; Yi, Y; Zhao, W, 2014)		0.4
" We analyzed if the effect of invitation to food supplementation early in pregnancy combined with multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) on infant survival represented value for money compared to invitation to food supplementation at usual time in pregnancy combined with iron-folic acid."( Cost-effectiveness of invitation to food supplementation early in pregnancy combined with multiple micronutrients on infant survival: analysis of data from MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh.
Ahmed, S; Lindholm, L; Persson, LÅ; Shaheen, R; Streatfield, PK, 2015)		0.42
"The aim of the present study was to examine the apoptosis of the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2, induced by treatment with folic acid-conjugated silica-coated gold nanorods (GNRs@SiO2-FA) in combination with radiotherapy, and to determine the involvement of apoptosis-related proteins."( GNRs@SiO₂-FA in combination with radiotherapy induces the apoptosis of HepG2 cells by modulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins.
Gao, B; He, KW; Shen, L; Xiao, WH, 2015)		0.42
"In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (MTHFR 677 C > T, MTHFR 1298 A > C, MTR 2756 A > G and MTRR 66 A > G), gene-gene interaction and haplotype combination with pulmonary embolism (PE) risk based on Chinese Han population."( Association of folate metabolism gene polymorphisms and haplotype combination with pulmonary embolism risk in Chinese Han population.
Cha, L; Dai, Y; Han, B; Jin, E; Li, X; Weng, L; Yan, S, 2017)		0.46
"To investigate the effects of folic acid combined with vitamin B12 on deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with homocysteine cerebral infarction."( Effects of folic acid combined with vitamin B12 on DVT in patients with homocysteine cerebral infarction.
Chang, YW; Li, ZF; Liu, SY; Shu, XJ; Wang, WH, 2017)		0.46
" In the present study, myricetin (Myr)-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) combined with multidrug resistance protein (MRP-1) siRNA was prepared."( Folic acid (FA)-conjugated mesoporous silica nanoparticles combined with MRP-1 siRNA improves the suppressive effects of myricetin on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Ai, Y; Du, X; Song, Y; Wang, Y; Xia, Z; Zhang, J; Zhao, G; Zhou, B, 2020)		0.56
" More importantly, compared with the group of nsPEFs alone and gold nanorods without FA, treating cells with nsPEFs combined with GNR-PEG-FA resulted in a lower percentage of viable cells, higher percentages of necrosis and apoptosis and higher concentration of active caspase 3 and induced cell cycle arrest in S phase, effectively inhibiting the proliferation of A375 melanoma cells."( Targeted gold nanorods combined with low-intensity nsPEFs enhance antimelanoma efficacy in vitro.
Li, P; Liu, Q; Mi, Y; Tang, J; Xu, J; Yang, Q, 2020)		0.56
" PER2 overexpression combined with the targeted and controlled release of nanoagents elevated chemotherapeutic efficacy in NPC, which has potential application value for the chronotherapy of tumours."( The circadian clock gene PER2 enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma when combined with a targeted nanosystem.
Hou, L; Li, H; Liu, J; Ma, D; Ma, L; Wang, F; Wang, H; Wang, Z; Xia, H; Yang, Z, 2020)		0.56
" In a recent study we explored the effect and the tolerability of the administration of Ferric Sodium EDTA in combination with vitamin C, folic acid, copper gluconate, zinc gluconate and selenomethionine (Ferachel Forte®) in "frailty" patients with secondary anemia and low kidney failure, by analysing the HRV frequency domain."( A pilot study on secondary anemia in "frailty" patients treated with Ferric Sodium EDTA in combination with vitamin C, folic acid, copper gluconate, zinc gluconate and selenomethionine: safety of treatment explored by HRV non-linear analysis as predictive
Curcio, A; Iannarelli, N; Marchitto, N; Paparello, PT; Petrucci, A; Pironti, M; Raimondi, G; Romano, A, 2020)		0.56
" The patients were divided in 2 groups: Group A (N=23 patients) received oral administration of Ferric Sodium EDTA in combination with vitamin C, folic acid, copper gluconate, zinc gluconate and selenomethionine (Ferachel Forte®) 2 tabs/day, containing 60 mg of Fe3+, for 24 days; Group B (N=29 patients) received intravenous administration of ferrous gluconate 63 mg/day added to saline solution, while they were hospitalized (15±5 days)."( A pilot study on secondary anemia in "frailty" patients treated with Ferric Sodium EDTA in combination with vitamin C, folic acid, copper gluconate, zinc gluconate and selenomethionine: safety of treatment explored by HRV non-linear analysis as predictive
Curcio, A; Iannarelli, N; Marchitto, N; Paparello, PT; Petrucci, A; Pironti, M; Raimondi, G; Romano, A, 2020)		0.56
"Non-linear HRV evaluation confirmed that oral administration of Ferric Sodium EDTA, in combination with vitamin C, folic acid, copper gluconate, zinc gluconate and selenomethionine (Ferachel forte®) did not impact the cardiovascular risk, without causing adverse events typically reported with other iron supplementation therapies, both oral and intravenous."( A pilot study on secondary anemia in "frailty" patients treated with Ferric Sodium EDTA in combination with vitamin C, folic acid, copper gluconate, zinc gluconate and selenomethionine: safety of treatment explored by HRV non-linear analysis as predictive
Curcio, A; Iannarelli, N; Marchitto, N; Paparello, PT; Petrucci, A; Pironti, M; Raimondi, G; Romano, A, 2020)		0.56
"This study aimed to assess the effects of folic acid (FA) combined with a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intervention on the cognitive function and inflammatory cytokines in elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)."( Effect of folic acid combined with docosahexaenoic acid intervention on mild cognitive impairment in elderly: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Bai, D; Chen, Y; Du, Y; Gao, Y; Huang, G; Li, M; Li, W; Liu, H; Ma, F; Wang, X; Weng, J, 2021)		0.62
"Potential safety concerns relative to impaired cognitive function may exist when high folic acid exposures are combined with low vitamin B-12 status."( High folic acid or folate combined with low vitamin B-12 status: potential but inconsistent association with cognitive function in a nationally representative cross-sectional sample of US older adults participating in the NHANES.
Bailey, RL; Dwyer, JT; Gahche, JJ; Green, R; Jun, S; McCabe, GP; Miller, JW; Murphy, L; Potischman, N, 2020)		0.56
"In this study, we developed folate-conjugated active targeting olaparib nanoparticles (ATO) and investigated the anti-tumor effect of ATO combined with radiotherapy (RT) in nude mice using cervical cancer xenograft models."( Enhanced Anti-Cancer Effect of Folate-Conjugated Olaparib Nanoparticles Combined with Radiotherapy in Cervical Carcinoma.
Chen, Y; Fu, SZ; Hu, C; Li, D; Liao, Y; Wu, JB; Yang, J, 2020)		0.56
"The results confirmed that ATO in combination with RT significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival time of tumor-bearing mice."( Enhanced Anti-Cancer Effect of Folate-Conjugated Olaparib Nanoparticles Combined with Radiotherapy in Cervical Carcinoma.
Chen, Y; Fu, SZ; Hu, C; Li, D; Liao, Y; Wu, JB; Yang, J, 2020)		0.56
"This study aimed to assess the effect of folic acid combined with pravastatin on atherosclerosis-related indexes in elderly patients with hypertension complicated with lacunar cerebral infarction."( Effect of folic acid combined with pravastatin on arteriosclerosis in elderly hypertensive patients with lacunar infarction.
Bu, X; Li, C; Liu, Y, 2021)		0.62
" Nonetheless, treatment with folic acid, either singly or when combined with L-citrulline, increases NO production and inhibits PH in chronically hypoxic newborn piglets."( Folic acid, either solely or combined with L-citrulline, improves NO signaling and ameliorates chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in newborn pigs.
Cunningham, G; Dikalova, A; Douglass, M; Fike, CD; Kaplowitz, MR; Summar, M; Zhang, Y, 2021)		0.62
"This research aimed to study the optimization effects of the low-rank matrix denoising (LRMD) algorithm based on the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) on MRI images of stroke patients, aiming to evaluate the effects of atorvastatin combined with folic acid on poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) in patients with ischemic stroke."( Evaluation of the Effects of Folic Acid Combined with Atorvastatin on the Poststroke Cognitive Impairment by Low-Rank Matrix Denoising Algorithm-Based MRI Imaging.
Fang, F; Fang, Z; Li, J; Li, X; Li, Y; Wang, J; Wang, X, 2022)		0.72
" The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the new oral formulation based on ferric sodium EDTA in combination with vitamin C, folic acid, copper gluconate, zinc gluconate, and selenomethionine (Ferachel Forte®) in patients with moderate CKD and functional IDA, analyzing the inflammatory status in addition to iron blood parameters, in comparison with oral ferrous sulfate and liposomal iron therapies."( Comparison of Ferric Sodium EDTA in Combination with Vitamin C, Folic Acid, Copper Gluconate, Zinc Gluconate, and Selenomethionine as Therapeutic Option for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Improvement in Inflammatory Status.
Curcio, A; Di Lullo, L; Giliberti, A; Marchitto, N; Nano, F; Paolozzi, F; Pironti, M; Raimondi, G, 2022)		0.72
"To investigate the diagnostic value of accessible fingertip mean corpuscular volume (MCV) combined with a visible "beefy red" patch in the diagnosis of vitamin B12 (VB12) deficiency in local clinics and hospitals without in-house clinical laboratories, especially in remote areas."( Diagnostic value of oral "beefy red" patch combined with fingertip blood mean corpuscular volume in vitamin B12 deficiency.
Hu, H; Jiang, X; Liu, Y; Meng, W; Xiong, X; Xu, X; Yao, Y, 2022)		0.72
"815), and "MCV > 100 fL combined with beefy red patch" has maximal specificity (0."( Diagnostic value of oral "beefy red" patch combined with fingertip blood mean corpuscular volume in vitamin B12 deficiency.
Hu, H; Jiang, X; Liu, Y; Meng, W; Xiong, X; Xu, X; Yao, Y, 2022)		0.72
"Visible oral "beefy red" patch combined with accessible fingertip blood MCV could improve the rate of diagnosis in VB12 deficiency, especially in the elderly in local clinics and hospitals without in-house clinical laboratories in China, which is conducive to early disease detection and treatment."( Diagnostic value of oral "beefy red" patch combined with fingertip blood mean corpuscular volume in vitamin B12 deficiency.
Hu, H; Jiang, X; Liu, Y; Meng, W; Xiong, X; Xu, X; Yao, Y, 2022)		0.72
" A2A receptor antagonists are an emerging class of agents that treat cancers by enhancing immunotherapy, both as monotherapy and in combination with other therapeutic agents."( Caffeine-folic acid-loaded-chitosan nanoparticles combined with methotrexate as a novel HepG2 immunotherapy targeting adenosine A2A receptor downstream cascade.
Gaber, M; Ghareeb, D; Hamed, A; Hamed, M; Mohamed, TM; Nofal, MS, 2023)		0.91
"This study suggests that CAF-FA-CS-NPs (D4) in combination with MTX may be a promising candidate for cancer immunotherapy, by inhibiting A2aR signaling and leading to improved immune activation and anti-tumor activity of MTX."( Caffeine-folic acid-loaded-chitosan nanoparticles combined with methotrexate as a novel HepG2 immunotherapy targeting adenosine A2A receptor downstream cascade.
Gaber, M; Ghareeb, D; Hamed, A; Hamed, M; Mohamed, TM; Nofal, MS, 2023)		0.91

Bioavailability

Optimizing folic acid supplementation is complex and depends on factors including dosage, type of supplement and bioavailability of folate from food. In-vivo evaluation was carried out on eight Sprague-Dawley rats in a two-way crossover study.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Pteroylglutamic acid, 10 microgram/ml, added to wines and given in doses of the beverages (4 ml/kg body weight that caused inebriation, was well absorbed by six normal human volunteers (mean maximal increment in serum folate concentration +/- SEM, 71 +/- 8 ng/ml) and by seven recently intoxicated chronic alcoholics (mean increment, 94 +/- 4 ng/ml)."( The bioavailability of folic acid added to wine.
Kaunitz, JD; Lindenbaum, J, 1977)		0.26
" 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate is readily absorbed by normal human subjects and by patients with pernicious anaemia but poorly absorbed by patients with coeliac disease or leukaemia."( Serum folates in man.
Blair, JA; Cooke, WT; Leeming, RJ; Melikian, V; Thien, KR, 1977)		0.26
" According to the urinary recovery data, both folates were poorly absorbed in untreated coeliac sprue, but were normally absorbed after treatment."( Availability of monoglutamyl and polyglutamyl folates in normal subjects and in patients with coeliac sprue.
Halsted, CH; Reisenauer, AM; Shane, B; Tamura, T, 1978)		0.26
" Correlation between glucose absorption rate and xylose excretion was, however, significantly (P less than 0-02)."( Absorption of xylose, glucose, glycine, and folic (pteroylglutamic) acid in Zambian Africans with anaemia.
Cook, GC, 1976)		0.26
" The rate of absorption of from two to six of the amino acids tested was lower in 7 of the patients than in the control subjects."( Malabsorption of essential amino acids in tropical sprue.
Corcino, JJ; Klipstein, FA, 1975)		0.25
"Intraluminal perfusion of the human small intestine has not been used extensively to study comparative bioavailability of vitamins."( Comparative bioavailability of folate and vitamin C from a synthetic and a natural source.
Cerda, JJ; Nelson, EW; Streiff, RR, 1975)		0.25
" Based on a parallel line assay, the relative bioavailability of folate in the brewers yeast diet (109) was significantly higher than in the standard diet (PGA = 100)."( Effect of nitrite ingestion on the bioavailability of folate in the rat.
Hoppner, K; Lampi, B, 1992)		0.28
"The intestinal absorption and in vivo kinetics of (6S)-[3H]-5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate (5-methyl-H4folate), (6S)-[3H]-5-formyl-H4folate and [3H]folic acid were investigated to determine whether inherent differences exist in the overall bioavailability of these folates in rats."( Folic acid, 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate and 5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate exhibit equivalent intestinal absorption, metabolism and in vivo kinetics in rats.
Bhandari, SD; Gregory, JF, 1992)		0.28
" The RDA committee used the following types of data to estimate allowances: (a) the quantity of folate required to elicit established physiologic responses or replace daily losses corrected for bioavailability and individual variability and (b) dietary folate intake data related to prevalence of deficiency in population groups."( Evaluation of a new Recommended Dietary Allowance for folate.
Bailey, LB, 1992)		0.28
"The bioavailability of orally administered monoglutamyl folic acid and various (6S)-tetrahydrofolates was examined in humans with stable-isotope methods."( Relative bioavailability of deuterium-labeled monoglutamyl tetrahydrofolates and folic acid in human subjects.
Bailey, LB; Baumgartner, TG; Bhandari, SD; Cerda, JJ; Gregory, JF; Toth, JP, 1992)		0.28
" The bioavailability of 5FU (compared as the AUC0-60 values) is elevated to 80%."( [Pharmacokinetic aspects of the combination of interferon-alpha-2b and folic acid with fluorouracil].
Czejka, MJ; Fogl, U; Jäger, W; Schernthaner, G; Schüller, J, 1991)		0.28
"), but its bioavailability following oral administration appeared to be low (approximately 10%-20%)."( The pharmacokinetics of the quinazoline antifolate ICI D 1694 in mice and rats.
Calvert, AH; Gibson, W; Hughes, LR; Jodrell, DI; Newell, DR, 1991)		0.28
" Ingestion of cholestyramine significantly reduced the bioavailability of PGA versus brewers yeast folate in rats."( Bioavailability of folate following ingestion of cholestyramine in the rat.
Hoppner, K; Lampi, B, 1991)		0.28
"The bioavailability of orally administered mono- and polyglutamyl folates was examined in humans by using stable-isotope methods."( Relative bioavailability of deuterium-labeled monoglutamyl and hexaglutamyl folates in human subjects.
Bailey, LB; Baumgartner, TG; Bhandari, SD; Cerda, JJ; Gregory, JF; Toth, JP, 1991)		0.28
"Folate bioavailability of beef liver, lima beans, peas, spinach, mushrooms, collards, orange juice and wheat germ was estimated with a protocol of folate depletion-repletion using growth and liver, serum and erythrocyte folate of weanling male rats."( Bioavailability of food folates and evaluation of food matrix effects with a rat bioassay.
Bills, ND; Clifford, AJ; Heid, MK; Peerson, JM, 1991)		0.28
"Two experiments were conducted to determine the feasibility of using a folate depletion/repletion protocol with rats fed an amino acid-based diet to measure the bioavailability of food folate."( Bioavailability of folates in selected foods incorporated into amino acid-based diets fed to rats.
Bills, ND; Clifford, AJ; Jones, AD, 1990)		0.28
" Two deuterium-labeled forms of folic acid were evaluated for simultaneous in vivo use, with quantification of relative bioavailability by measurement of urinary excretion of labeled folates."( Stable-isotope methods for assessment of folate bioavailability.
Bailey, LB; Cerda, JJ; Gregory, JF; Toth, JP, 1990)		0.28
"The present study was designed to determine the relative folate bioavailability from diets containing human, bovine or goat milk and the relative sensitivity of various response criteria used in assessing folate bioavailability."( Relative folate bioavailability from diets containing human, bovine and goat milk.
Andrews, J; O'Connor, DL; Picciano, MF; Swiatlo, N, 1990)		0.28
" In practice, bioavailability studies are not generally performed on a standardized level."( [Bioavailability study of micronutrients].
Pietrzik, K; Remer, T, 1989)		0.28
" The results also suggest a role for human milk FBP in regulating the nutritional bioavailability of folate."( Effect of human milk folate binding protein on folate intestinal transport.
Horne, DW; Said, HM; Wagner, C, 1986)		0.27
" Absolute bioavailability of the 200-mg oral dose of leucovorin based on AUC was 31% compared with that of the iv dose (6,848 vs."( Absorption kinetics of orally administered leucovorin calcium.
Gutierrez, ML; Haynes, JD; Kisicki, JC; McGuire, BW; Sia, LL; Stokstad, EL, 1987)		0.27
" The apparent bioavailability of endogenous folate in the dried orange juice and cabbage was 146 and 68%, respectively, relative to folic acid."( Determination of folate bioavailability with a rat bioassay.
Abad, AR; Gregory, JF, 1987)		0.27
" After 40 wk, the bioavailability of oral 3H-folic acid was investigated and showed increased fecal and reduced urinary tritium excretion in alcohol-fed monkeys compared with controls while plasma uptake and liver and whole body tritium retention were similar in both groups."( Intestinal absorption, liver uptake, and excretion of 3H-folic acid in folic acid-deficient, alcohol-consuming nonhuman primates.
Blocker, DE; Thenen, SW, 1987)		0.27
"4 or 176 micrograms of folate to test meals containing 13 micrograms Zn did not affect the bioavailability of Zn as measured by the retention of 65Zn by the liver and kidney."( Folic acid: effect on zinc absorption in humans and in the rat.
Keating, JN; King, JC; Stokstad, EL; Wada, L, 1987)		0.27
"The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a rare neurological disorder which strikes primarily alcoholics and is caused, at least in part, by insufficient bioavailability of thiamin."( Current progress toward the prevention of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
Bishai, DM; Bozzetti, LP, 1986)		0.27
" This has place a greater emphasis on the bioavailability of nutrients in foods because the total intake of nutrients is generally closely linked with total caloric intake."( Bioavailability of vitamins.
Sauberlich, HE, 1985)		0.27
" Generally speaking the absorption rate appeared to be inversely related to the length of the gamma glutamyl side chain."( Studies on the absorption and metabolism of folic acid. I. Folate absorption in the dog after exposure of isolated intestinal segments to synthetic pteroylpolyglutamates of various chain lengths.
Baker, HJ; Baugh, CM; Butterworth, CE; Krumdieck, CL, 1971)		0.25
"Low bioavailability of folacin has been previously reported for a variety of foods of plant origin."( Effects of dietary fiber on the bioavailability of folic acid monoglutamate.
Damron, BL; Gregory, JF; Ristow, KA, 1982)		0.26
"The oral bioavailability of zinc was studied in nonpregnant adults before and 24 hours after two weeks of oral supplementation with iron and folic acid."( Oral iron and the bioavailability of zinc.
Grainger, SL; Keeling, PW; Meadows, NJ; Ruse, W; Thompson, RP, 1983)		0.27
"Biochemical investigations show a decreased bioavailability of 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolic acid in vitamin B12 deficient human cell cultures and bone marrow cells."( [Vitamin B12 as a regulator and methotrexate as an antagonist of folic acid metabolism. Pathophysiologic and clinical aspects].
Sauer, H, 1983)		0.27
"The bioavailability of folic acid and trimethoprim was investigated from a combination preparation of folic acid (0."( Bioavailability of a combination preparation of trimethoprim and folic acid.
Kleimola, T; Soininen, K, 1983)		0.27
"The drug diphenylhydantoin (phenytoin) (DPH) is thought to interfere with the bioavailability of dietary folate through an effect on intestinal folate deconjugation and/or monoglutamate folate transport."( The effect of diphenylhydantoin (phenytoin) on the sequential stages of intestinal folate absorption.
Cerda, JJ; Crick, WF; Nelson, EW; Streiff, RR; Wilder, BJ, 1983)		0.27
" These results suggest that milk FBP has some nutritional effects on the bioavailability of folate in vivo."( Some nutritional effects of folate-binding protein in bovine milk on the bioavailability of folate to rats.
Iwai, K; Tani, M, 1984)		0.27
" Further research is needed to clarify the biological significance of these findings with respect to potential differences in folacin bioavailability from breast milk, pasteurized cows' milk and infant formulas."( Denaturation of the folacin-binding protein in pasteurized milk products.
Gregory, JF, 1982)		0.26
" The absorption rate constant was decreased for folic acid in the coeliac group, but increased for propranolol."( Altered jejunal surface pH in coeliac disease: its effect on propranolol and folic acid absorption.
Allan, RN; Bishop, H; Blair, JA; Kitis, G; Lucas, ML; Sargent, A; Schneider, RE, 1982)		0.26
"In a study of apparently healthy volunteers (5 male, 5 female) the bioavailability of iron and folacin was calculated using Tardyferon¿ resp."( [Investigation or oral substitution of iron and folic acid (author's transl)].
Hötzel, D; Pietrzik, K, 1980)		0.26
" The area under the curve (AUC) of the pre- and postprandial (1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 h) serum pteroylglutamate following ingestion of increasing levels of chemically pure pteroylmonoglutamic acid was used to derive a regression for the 100% bioavailability of dietary pteroylglutamic acid."( Pteroylglutamic (folic) acid in different feedstuffs: the pteroylglutamate content and an attempt to measure the bioavailability in pigs.
Girard, CL; Matte, JJ, 1994)		0.29
" The individual bioavailability ratios of AUC(0-12) (A versus B) varied between 49."( [Absolute bioavailability of folic acid after oral administration of a folic acid tablet formulation in healthy volunteers].
Achtert, G; Menke, A; Menke, G; Schuster, O; Weimann, HJ, 1994)		0.29
"This study was designed to assess the effect of succinylsulfathiazole on the apparent bioavailability of folate added to milk-containing diets."( Folate bioavailability from milk-containing diets is affected by altered intestinal biosynthesis of folate in rats.
Allen, OB; O'Connor, DL; Semchuk, GM, 1994)		0.29
" As the bioavailability of folates is influenced by a variety of factors and different methods were employed for assessing bioavailability there is a considerable inconsistency in the results of these studies."( [Dietary folates--a timely review. Stability, physiological significance, bioavailability, analytical determination methods, effect of food handling].
Diehl, JF; Pfeiffer, C; Schwack, W, 1994)		0.29
"The pharmacokinetics and the relative bioavailability of iron and of folic acid was investigated in a randomized, balanced 2-way cross-over study with 14 healthy male participants."( [Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of iron and folic acid in healthy volunteers].
Menke, A; Menke, G; Müller, J; Schuster, O; Weimann, HJ, 1993)		0.29
" These results indicate that zinc deficiency in pregnant rats decreases folate bioavailability of folinic acid, folate polyglutamates and, to a lesser extent, that of folate monoglutamate."( Zinc deficiency and dietary folate metabolism in pregnant rats.
Blache, D; Coudray, C; Faure, P; Favier, A; Favier, M; Roussel, AM, 1993)		0.29
" Methanol is well absorbed following inhalation, ingestion or cutaneous exposure."( Methanol toxicity. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.
, 1993)		0.29
" Thus, heat processing of milk not only reduced the amount of 5-CH3 THF significantly, but also changed the concentration of FBP and the folate-binding capacity of FBP, which may have implications on the bioavailability of milk folates."( Effect of milk processing on the concentration of folate-binding protein (FBP), folate-binding capacity and retention of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate.
Hansen, I; Holm, J; Høier-Madsen, M; Jägerstad, M; Wigertz, K, 1996)		0.29
" The results suggest that tumors can compensate for low folate bioavailability by up-regulation of a second FR with slightly lower affinity for folic acid."( The role of dietary folate in modulation of folate receptor expression, folylpolyglutamate synthetase activity and the efficacy and toxicity of lometrexol.
Gates, SB; Grindey, GB; Habeck, LL; Mendelsohn, LG; Shackelford, KA; Shih, C; Worzalla, J, 1996)		0.29
" This study was conducted to evaluate in vivo the bioavailability of [2H4]folic acid (d4-PteGlu1) and [2H2]-pteroylhexaglutamate (d2-PteGlu6) administered in solution in water or citrate buffer or added to selected foods using a single-dose, dual-label protocol."( Bioavailability for humans of deuterium-labeled monoglutamyl and polyglutamyl folates is affected by selected foods.
Bailey, LB; Gregory, JF; Toth, JP; Wei, MM, 1996)		0.29
" Data on bioavailability and distribution volume were obtained from two patients and two healthy controls by performing both intravenous and peroral Hcy loading."( Kinetic basis of hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with chronic renal failure.
Guttormsen, AB; Refsum, H; Svarstad, E; Ueland, PM, 1997)		0.3
" To test these hypotheses, we determined the bioavailability of folate in serum and in ascitic/cystic fluids of ovarian carcinoma patients (n = 36)."( Homocysteine accumulation in human ovarian carcinoma ascitic/cystic fluids possibly caused by metabolic alteration of the methionine cycle in ovarian carcinoma cells.
Boiocchi, M; Corona, G; Donada, C; Fabris, M; Toffoli, G; Viel, A; Zarrelli, A, 1997)		0.3
" However, research to establish the lowest effective dose of dietary folate/supplemental folic acid to optimise homocysteine levels and research on the bioavailability of folate is required."( Folate intake in Europe: recommended, actual and desired intake.
Brouwer, IA; de Bree, A; Steegers-Theunissen, RP; van Dusseldorp, M; van het Hof, KH, 1997)		0.3
" pylori-induced gastritis, and the bioavailability of folates."( Coronary artery disease associated with Helicobacter pylori infection is at least partially due to inadequate folate status.
Markle, HV, 1997)		0.3
" In view of this very limited short-term plasma response even with a relatively large oral dose, presumably due to hepatic first-pass uptake, these findings suggest that plasma kinetics would be of limited usefulness in assessing the relative bioavailability of nutritionally relevant oral doses of labeled folate."( A dual-label stable-isotopic protocol is suitable for determination of folate bioavailability in humans: evaluation of urinary excretion and plasma folate kinetics of intravenous and oral doses of [13C5] and [2H2]folic acid.
Bailey, LB; Gregory, JF; Pfeiffer, CM; Rogers, LM, 1997)		0.3
" Estimation of dietary folate is difficult because nutrient data bases lack this nutrient in many countries and bioavailability is variable."( Quantitative responses of serum folate to increasing intakes of folic acid in healthy women.
Kounnavong, S; Truswell, AS, 1997)		0.3
"We studied the effects of 5-MTHF on NO bioavailability in vivo in 10 patients with FH and 10 matched control subjects by venous occlusion plethysmography, using serotonin and nitroprusside as endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilators."( 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the active form of folic acid, restores endothelial function in familial hypercholesterolemia.
Kastelein, JJ; Koomans, HA; Rabelink, TJ; van Dam, T; Verhaar, MC; Wever, RM, 1998)		0.3
"Fasting serum folate levels are commonly used in assessing folate status and also in estimating the bioavailability of synthetic folic acid and food folate."( The effects of fasting and refeeding healthy volunteers on serum folate levels.
Cahill, E; Gibney, MJ; McPartlin, J, 1998)		0.3
"Numerous oral iron preparations are available for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia but only very few studies have been designed to measure the bioavailability of iron preparations."( Bioavailability of the iron formulated as natural ferric protein (TM/FMOA) and natural ferric protein + folic acid (TM/FMOA+FOL).
Coronel, P; Gimeno, M; González-Peñas, E; Martinez, P, )		0.13
"The intestinal absorption of folate occurs at the monoglutamyl level, and an important measure of food folate bioavailability is how much folate from the food reaches the intestinal sites in forms that can readily be absorbed."( Properties of food folates determined by stability and susceptibility to intestinal pteroylpolyglutamate hydrolase action.
Selhub, J; Seyoum, E, 1998)		0.3
" The bioavailability of key minerals such as iron, zinc and calcium is known to be significantly affected by the fiber, phytic acid, and tannin content of foods."( The impact of food processing on the nutritional quality of vitamins and minerals.
Love, M; Reddy, MB, 1999)		0.3
" The aim of this study was to determine the relative bioavailability of natural folate from aleurone flour when ingested as a cereal."( Aleurone flour is a rich source of bioavailable folate in humans.
Clifton, P; Fenech, M; Noakes, M; Topping, D, 1999)		0.3
" From the amount of additional folate (350 microgram/d) and folic acid (250 microgram/d) consumed, the relative bioavailability of dietary folate compared to folic acid was calculated to be 60-98%, depending on the endpoint used."( Dietary folate from vegetables and citrus fruit decreases plasma homocysteine concentrations in humans in a dietary controlled trial.
Brouwer, IA; Duran, M; Eskes, TK; Hautvast, JG; Meyboom, S; Steegers-Theunissen, RP; Thomas, CM; van Dusseldorp, M; van het Hof, KH; West, CE, 1999)		0.3
"The design of targeted oral liposomes is anticipated to improve the systemic delivery of poorly absorbed agents, such as proteins and peptides."( Folic acid-PEO-labeled liposomes to improve gastrointestinal absorption of encapsulated agents.
Anderson, KE; Rogers, JA; Stevenson, BR, 1999)		0.3
"Our objective was to update 2 national food consumption surveys to reflect folate intakes as a result of the recently initiated food fortification program and to correct folate intakes for the apparently higher bioavailability of synthetic folic acid (SFA; ie, folate added to foods or from dietary supplements) than of naturally occurring folate so as to express intakes as dietary folate equivalents."( Estimated folate intakes: data updated to reflect food fortification, increased bioavailability, and dietary supplement use.
Crane, NT; Lewis, CJ; Wilson, DB; Yetley, EA, 1999)		0.3
" Currently, knowledge on the bioavailability of these compounds from vegetables is limited."( Influence of feeding different vegetables on plasma levels of carotenoids, folate and vitamin C. Effect of disruption of the vegetable matrix.
Pietrzik, K; Tijburg, LB; van het Hof, KH; Weststrate, JA, 1999)		0.3
"In this crossover, single-blind study, the bioavailability of B12 and folate, fasting and postprandially, was measured in 30 pregnant women for two prenatal multivitamin/multimineral supplements (Stuartnatal Plus and Materna, Wyeth-Ayerst Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA) and a placebo."( Vitamin B12 and folate bioavailability from two prenatal multivitamin/multimineral supplements.
Conway, ME; Dawson, EB; Evans, DR; McGanity, WJ, 2000)		0.31
"The effect of the food matrix and dietary fibre on the bioavailability of folate is not known."( Bioavailability of folate from processed spinach in humans. Effect of food matrix and interaction with carotenoids.
Brouwer, IA; Castenmiller, JJ; Thomas, CM; van de Poll, CJ; van Dusseldorp, M; West, CE, 2000)		0.31
" The bioavailability of folate in the vitamin preparation is approximately double that of dietary folate."( The importance of folic acid.
Berg, MJ, )		0.13
" Finally, one of the most important aspects of determining bioavailability in developing reference intakes is that as new information emerges, new complexities enter into the process."( National nutrition and public health policies: issues related to bioavailability of nutrients when developing dietary reference intakes.
Yates, AA, 2001)		0.31
"Folate nutritional status depends on intake from food and supplements as well as on the bioavailability of the various ingested forms of this vitamin."( Case study: folate bioavailability.
Gregory, JF, 2001)		0.31
" Homocysteine levels are regulated by folate bioavailability and also by the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and its metabolite S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH)."( Endothelial dysfunction and elevation of S-adenosylhomocysteine in cystathionine beta-synthase-deficient mice.
Arning, E; Bottiglieri, T; Dayal, S; Faraci, FM; Heistad, DD; Lentz, SR; Maeda, N; Malinow, MR; Sigmund, CD, 2001)		0.31
" The folates in both DBCPs proved to have equally high bioavailability in the pigs."( Digested bacterial cell powder (DBCP) as a source of reduced-form folates for pigs: use of a trimethoprim-resistant strain and the bioavailability of folates in DBCP.
Kokue, E; Miyashiro, S; Mizuno, Y; Takeuchi, H; Tominaga, M; Toride, Y, 2001)		0.31
"To demonstrate utility of folic acid-coated liposomes for enhancing the delivery of a poorly absorbed glycopeptide, vancomycin."( Formulation and evaluation of a folic acid receptor-targeted oral vancomycin liposomal dosage form.
Anderson, KE; Eliot, LA; Rogers, JA; Stevenson, BR, 2001)		0.31
"5-fold increase in relative bioavailability for uncoated and FA-PEO-Chol-coated liposomes, respectively, compared with an oral solution."( Formulation and evaluation of a folic acid receptor-targeted oral vancomycin liposomal dosage form.
Anderson, KE; Eliot, LA; Rogers, JA; Stevenson, BR, 2001)		0.31
" The recommendations should provide a margin of safety to allow for decreased intake, increased requirements, individual variability and bioavailability of natural food folates."( Importance of folate in human nutrition.
Krishnaswamy, K; Madhavan Nair, K, 2001)		0.31
" The increased bioavailability of synthetic folic acid (SFA) was included in the analysis."( Folate fortification: potential impact on folate intake in an older population.
Bantick, JM; Flood, VM; Macintyre, R; Mitchell, P; Rubin, GL; Sindhusake, D; Smith, W; Webb, KL, 2001)		0.31
"In healthy humans, continuous treatment with nitroglycerin (GTN) causes nitric oxide synthase dysfunction, probably through the reduced bioavailability of tetrahydrobiopterin."( Folic acid prevents nitroglycerin-induced nitric oxide synthase dysfunction and nitrate tolerance: a human in vivo study.
Ahmed, S; Al-Hesayen, A; Burstein, JM; Gori, T; Kelly, S; Miner, SE; Parker, JD, 2001)		0.31
" We hypothesize that the reduced bioavailability of tetrahydrobiopterin is involved in the pathogenesis of both phenomena."( Folic acid prevents nitroglycerin-induced nitric oxide synthase dysfunction and nitrate tolerance: a human in vivo study.
Ahmed, S; Al-Hesayen, A; Burstein, JM; Gori, T; Kelly, S; Miner, SE; Parker, JD, 2001)		0.31
" The supply of folate depends primarily on the quantity and bioavailability of ingested folate and the rate of loss by urinary and fecal routes and through catabolism."( Prevention of pathologies associated with oxidative stress and dietary intake deficiencies: folate deficiency and requirements.
Gaté, L; Machover, D; Tapiero, H; Tew, KD, 2001)		0.31
"With the recent implementation of the folic-acid-fortification program, our objective was to estimate its benefits in adult women and account for the higher bioavailability of synthetic folic acid in fortification programs and supplements."( Estimates of the effects of folic-acid fortification and folic-acid bioavailability for women.
Boushey, CJ; Edmonds, JW; Welshimer, KJ, 2001)		0.31
" Fortification was simulated with the use of fortification standards (140 microg/100 g of flour) and new bioavailability standards for synthetic folic acid."( Estimates of the effects of folic-acid fortification and folic-acid bioavailability for women.
Boushey, CJ; Edmonds, JW; Welshimer, KJ, 2001)		0.31
" Endothelial dysfunction due to reduced nitric oxide bioavailability is an early feature of vascular pathology."( Folate, homocysteine, endothelial function and cardiovascular disease. What is the link?
Ashfield-Watt, PA; Doshi, SN; McDowell, IF; Moat, SJ, 2001)		0.31
" The evaluation of dietary folate is complicated by data gaps in food composition tables, the unreliability of existing food data, variations between methods used for folate analysis and limited understanding of the bioavailability of food folate."( Evaluation of the significance of dietary folate from wild vegetables in Vietnam.
Johannesson, L; Johansson, M; Ogle, BM; Tuyet, HT, 2001)		0.31
" Reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation in the coronary and systemic circulation due to decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and increased release of oxygen-derived free radicals promotes the adhesion of leukocytes, thrombosis, inflammation, cell proliferation, and increases in vascular tone."( Endothelium and atherogenesis: endothelial therapy revisited.
Barton, M; Haudenschild, CC, 2001)		0.31
"Folate depletion/repletion rat models are popular protocols for assessing the bioavailability of folate."( Plasma, liver and kidney folate and plasma homocysteine concentrations are poor response variables at very low dietary folate intakes, in a folate depletion/repletion rat model.
O'Leary, K; Sheehy, PJ, 2002)		0.31
" The beneficial effect appears to be independent of its homocysteine-lowering capacity and is possibly related to an improved bioavailability of nitric oxide."( Is folate a promising agent in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in patients with renal failure?
De Vriese, AS; Lameire, NH; Schrijvers, BF; Verbeke, F, 2002)		0.31
" The hypothesis that the matrix of some cereal-product vehicles may result in low fortificant bioavailability was tested using a dual oral/intravenous (i."( Use of an oral/intravenous dual-label stable-isotope protocol to determine folic acid bioavailability from fortified cereal grain foods in women.
Finglas, PM; Maunder, P; Mellon, FA; Ridge, B; Southon, S; Vahteristo, L; Witthöft, CM; Wright, AJ, 2002)		0.31
" Folate acts directly to produce antioxidant effects, interactions with enzyme endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and effects on cofactor bioavailability of NO."( Physiology of folic acid in health and disease.
Stanger, O, 2002)		0.31
" This enzymatic deconjugation might limit the bioavailability of polyglutamate folate."( Dietary monoglutamate and polyglutamate folate are associated with plasma folate concentrations in Dutch men and women aged 20-65 years.
Bjørke-Monsen, AL; de Bree, A; Melse-Boonstra, A; Verhoef, P; Verschuren, WM, 2002)		0.31
" Furthermore these studies would have to be targeted to individuals with common genetic polymorphisms that alter the bioavailability of specific micronutrients and the affinity of specific key enzymes involved in DNA metabolism for their micronutrient co-factor."( Micronutrients and genomic stability: a new paradigm for recommended dietary allowances (RDAs).
Fenech, M, 2002)		0.31
" Further research is needed to clarify the role of choline and methionine concentration and the importance of the reduced folate carrier and the folate receptor in determining the relative bioavailability of 5-MeTHF and FA with regard to genome stability."( A comparison of folic acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate for prevention of DNA damage and cell death in human lymphocytes in vitro.
Fenech, M; Wang, X, 2003)		0.32
" However, studies on bioavailability of endogenous folates, in particular of cereal sources, are scarce."( Functionality of endogenous folates from rye and orange juice using human in vivo model.
Bärlund, S; Kariluoto, S; Kärkkäinen, M; Lamberg-Allardt, C; Piironen, V; Salovaara, H; Vahteristo, L, 2002)		0.31
" Folates from different rye products and orange juice showed good bioavailability that was similar to folic acid from fortified white bread."( Functionality of endogenous folates from rye and orange juice using human in vivo model.
Bärlund, S; Kariluoto, S; Kärkkäinen, M; Lamberg-Allardt, C; Piironen, V; Salovaara, H; Vahteristo, L, 2002)		0.31
" This decision needs knowledge about the bioavailability of folic acid from fortified foods."( Study of wheat breakfast rolls fortified with folic acid. The effect on folate status in women during a 3-month intervention.
Bruce, A; Jägerstad, M; Johansson, M; Witthöft, CM, 2002)		0.31
" Mechanisms responsible for endothelial dysfunction in hyperhomocyst(e)inemia may involve impaired bioavailability of NO, possibly secondary to accumulation of the endogenous NO synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and increased oxidative stress."( ADMA and oxidative stress are responsible for endothelial dysfunction in hyperhomocyst(e)inemia: effects of L-arginine and B vitamins.
Arakawa, N; Bode-Böger, SM; Böger, RH; Frölich, JC; Hornig, B; Schwedhelm, E; Sydow, K; Tsikas, D, 2003)		0.32
" The processing of tomatoes may significantly affect the bioavailability of these nutrients."( Tomatoes and cardiovascular health.
Catignani, GL; Lazarus, S; Willcox, JK, 2003)		0.32
"To provide a tool to study folate bioavailability under controlled conditions, a methodology was developed to produce extracts representative of natural food folates but removed from their matrix and sufficiently concentrated so as to elicit a response in biomarkers of folate status without distorting usual dietary intake patterns."( Protocol for the production of concentrated extracts of food folate for use in human bioavailability studies.
Alexander, J; Hughes, J; McCreedy, R; McKillop, DJ; McNulty, H; Patterson, K; Pentieva, KD; Scott, JM; Strain, JJ, 2003)		0.32
": To determine the relative bioavailability of oral low-dose methotrexate administered with and without concomitant folic acid vs."( Bioavailability of oral vs. subcutaneous low-dose methotrexate in patients with Crohn's disease.
Almog, S; Bar-Meir, S; Chowers, Y; Fishbein, E; Halkin, H; Kurnik, D; Loebstein, R, 2003)		0.32
"In patients with stable Crohn's disease, the oral bioavailability of methotrexate is highly variable and averages 73% of that of subcutaneous administration."( Bioavailability of oral vs. subcutaneous low-dose methotrexate in patients with Crohn's disease.
Almog, S; Bar-Meir, S; Chowers, Y; Fishbein, E; Halkin, H; Kurnik, D; Loebstein, R, 2003)		0.32
"A pilot study was performed to prove the suitability of stable isotope dilution assays for assessing the bioavailability of endogenous folates in foods."( Application of stable isotope dilution assays based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the assessment of folate bioavailability.
Bitsch, I; Frank, T; Netzel, M; Pfannebecker, I; Rychlik, M, 2003)		0.32
" Discrepancies were observed in the evidence base for folate bioavailability, especially with regard to the relative bioavailability of natural folates compared with folic acid."( Folate bioavailability: UK Food Standards Agency workshop report.
Finglas, PM; Gregory, JF; Mastroiacovo, P; McDowell, IF; McNulty, H; Melse-Boonstra, A; Sanderson, P, 2003)		0.32
" Oral bioavailability of these compounds is usually poor due to a combination of incompatible physicochemical properties, resulting in low cellular penetration, and high susceptibility to metabolic enzymes present within the gastrointestinal tract."( [Endocytosis mediated by receptors--function and participation in oral drug delivery].
Zuwała-Jagiełło, J, 2003)		0.32
"The effect of combining a multi-micronutrient supplement with a milk-based cornstarch porridge on the bioavailability of iron, zinc, folate, and vitamin C was evaluated using the plasma curve response over time (8 hours) in healthy women."( Bioavailability of iron, zinc, folate, and vitamin C in the IRIS multi-micronutrient supplement: effect of combination with a milk-based cornstarch porridge.
Donangelo, CM; Gross, R; Hoenicke, I; Jandel, D; Kamp, F; Pietrzk, K; Trugo, NM, 2003)		0.32
" The parameter used to quantify absorption was the absorption rate constant, determined in situ by means of a loop perfusion technique, performed in colon and in whole small intestine of rat at three pHs (5."( Kinetic modeling of triamterene intestinal absorption and its inhibition by folic acid and methotrexate.
Bermejo, M; García-Valcárcel, I; Garrigues, TM; Merino, V; Montalar, M; Nalda-Molina, R; Rodríguez-Ibáñez, M, 2003)		0.32
" The effect of FBP on folate bioavailability has been widely discussed."( Bioaccessibility of folic acid and (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate decreases after the addition of folate-binding protein to yogurt as studied in a dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal model.
Arkbåge, K; Havenaar, R; Verwei, M; Witthöft, C, 2003)		0.32
" Endothelial dysfunction refers mainly to reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), which is involved in homocysteinemediated vascular damage."( Interactions of homocysteine, nitric oxide, folate and radicals in the progressively damaged endothelium.
Stanger, O; Weger, M, 2003)		0.32
" Currently, examination of the relationships between common gene polymorphisms involved in C1 metabolism and folate bioavailability and folate status, morbidity, mortality and longevity is evaluated as a series of individual associations."( Is there more to folates than neural-tube defects?
Dainty, JR; Finglas, PM; Hart, DJ; Wolfe, CA; Wright, AJ; Wright, DM, 2003)		0.32
" This could result in different bioavailability from folic acid- and 5-CH3-H4folate-fortified milk products."( The binding of folic acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to folate-binding proteins during gastric passage differs in a dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal model.
Arkbåge, K; Groten, J; Havenaar, R; Mocking, H; Verwei, M, 2004)		0.32
" In addition, we investigated the bioavailability of calcium added to mineral water by measuring urinary calcium excretion and serum alkaline phosphatase activity."( Mineral water fortified with folic acid, vitamins B6, B12, D and calcium improves folate status and decreases plasma homocysteine concentration in men and women.
Karvonen, HM; Niskanen, LK; Sarkkinen, ES; Tapola, NS, 2004)		0.32
" All pharmacokinetic parameters demonstrate that the bioavailability of 5-MTHF is higher compared to folic acid."( Pharmacokinetic study on the utilisation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and folic acid in patients with coronary artery disease.
Aengevaeren, WR; Blom, HJ; Boers, GH; Verheugt, FW; Willems, FF, 2004)		0.32
"The bioavailability of dietary folate has been estimated to be approximately 50% of that of synthetic folic acid."( Bioavailability of heptaglutamyl relative to monoglutamyl folic acid in healthy adults.
Katan, MB; Kok, FJ; Melse-Boonstra, A; Verhoef, P; West, CE, 2004)		0.32
"Our goal was to quantify the bioavailability and bioefficacy of low doses of polyglutamyl folic acid relative to that of monoglutamyl folic acid."( Bioavailability of heptaglutamyl relative to monoglutamyl folic acid in healthy adults.
Katan, MB; Kok, FJ; Melse-Boonstra, A; Verhoef, P; West, CE, 2004)		0.32
" The relative bioavailability of polyglutamyl folic acid was 64% (52%, 75%) on the basis of serum folate and was 68% (51%, 84%) on the basis of erythrocyte folate concentrations."( Bioavailability of heptaglutamyl relative to monoglutamyl folic acid in healthy adults.
Katan, MB; Kok, FJ; Melse-Boonstra, A; Verhoef, P; West, CE, 2004)		0.32
"The natural folate derivative, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate ([6S]-5-MTHF), could be an option for supplementation and fortification but its bioavailability remains unclear."( The short-term bioavailabilities of [6S]-5-methyltetrahydrofolate and folic acid are equivalent in men.
Connolly, E; Krämer, K; McKillop, DJ; McNulty, H; McPartlin, JM; Molloy, A; Pentieva, K; Reichert, R; Scott, JM; Strain, JJ; Ward, M, 2004)		0.32
" Endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability was assessed by flow-mediated dilatation."( Short-term high-dose folic acid does not alter markers of endothelial cell damage in patients with coronary heart disease.
Doshi, SN; Giddings, JC; Goodfellow, J; Lewis, MJ; McDowell, IF; Moat, SJ, 2004)		0.32
"001) and nitric oxide bioavailability improved (47+/-35 vs."( Short-term high-dose folic acid does not alter markers of endothelial cell damage in patients with coronary heart disease.
Doshi, SN; Giddings, JC; Goodfellow, J; Lewis, MJ; McDowell, IF; Moat, SJ, 2004)		0.32
"These data suggest that endothelial markers are not useful surrogates of endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability in coronary heart disease and may be a less sensitive marker of endothelial function than nitric oxide."( Short-term high-dose folic acid does not alter markers of endothelial cell damage in patients with coronary heart disease.
Doshi, SN; Giddings, JC; Goodfellow, J; Lewis, MJ; McDowell, IF; Moat, SJ, 2004)		0.32
"It showed that the bioavailability and the expression of vitamin A, folate and vitamin E are very important to the analysis methods, the nutrition labeling, the food composition database and the determination of DRIs."( [Bioavailability and expression method of vitamin A, folate and vitamin E in foods].
Wen, X, 2004)		0.32
"Dietary reference intakes for folate rely on a good estimate of folate bioavailability from the general diet."( Quantifying folate bioavailability: a critical appraisal of methods.
Melse-Boonstra, A; Verhoef, P; West, C, 2004)		0.32
" Although many studies have been performed on the bioavailability of specific folate compounds and of folate from single foods, reliable data in which the bioavailability of folate from total diets have been measured are currently lacking."( Quantifying folate bioavailability: a critical appraisal of methods.
Melse-Boonstra, A; Verhoef, P; West, C, 2004)		0.32
"A multiple oral dose design is the best approach for measuring folate bioavailability because there are several serious drawbacks to designs based on the use of a single oral dose."( Quantifying folate bioavailability: a critical appraisal of methods.
Melse-Boonstra, A; Verhoef, P; West, C, 2004)		0.32
"Our aim was to study the bioavailability of polyglutamyl folic acid relative to that of monoglutamyl folic acid across GCPII 1561 genotypes."( Bioavailability of polyglutamyl folic acid relative to that of monoglutamyl folic acid in subjects with different genotypes of the glutamate carboxypeptidase II gene.
Blom, HJ; Lievers, KJ; Melse-Boonstra, A; Verhoef, P, 2004)		0.32
" The bioavailability of heptaglutamyl folic acid relative to that of monoglutamyl folic acid was calculated by using the changes in serum folate concentration in the treatment groups, after correction for changes in the placebo group and for the administered dose."( Bioavailability of polyglutamyl folic acid relative to that of monoglutamyl folic acid in subjects with different genotypes of the glutamate carboxypeptidase II gene.
Blom, HJ; Lievers, KJ; Melse-Boonstra, A; Verhoef, P, 2004)		0.32
" The bioavailability of heptaglutamyl folic acid relative to that of monoglutamyl folic acid was not significantly different between subjects with the CC (64%; 52%, 76%) and CT genotypes (70%; 49%, 91%)."( Bioavailability of polyglutamyl folic acid relative to that of monoglutamyl folic acid in subjects with different genotypes of the glutamate carboxypeptidase II gene.
Blom, HJ; Lievers, KJ; Melse-Boonstra, A; Verhoef, P, 2004)		0.32
"The 1561T allele of the GCPII gene does not impair the bioavailability of polyglutamyl folic acid."( Bioavailability of polyglutamyl folic acid relative to that of monoglutamyl folic acid in subjects with different genotypes of the glutamate carboxypeptidase II gene.
Blom, HJ; Lievers, KJ; Melse-Boonstra, A; Verhoef, P, 2004)		0.32
"The concept of dietary folate equivalents (DFEs) in the United States recognizes the differences in bioavailability between natural food folates and the synthetic vitamin, folic acid."( Determining bioavailability of food folates in a controlled intervention study.
Armstrong, NC; Bradbury, I; Dunn, AA; Hannon-Fletcher, MP; Kerr, MA; McNulty, H; Molloy, AM; Pentieva, K; Scott, JM; Strain, JJ; Ward, M, 2004)		0.32
"We compared the bioavailability of food folates with that of folic acid under controlled conditions."( Determining bioavailability of food folates in a controlled intervention study.
Armstrong, NC; Bradbury, I; Dunn, AA; Hannon-Fletcher, MP; Kerr, MA; McNulty, H; Molloy, AM; Pentieva, K; Scott, JM; Strain, JJ; Ward, M, 2004)		0.32
" Overall estimations of folate bioavailability relative to that of folic acid were found to be between 30% (spinach) and 59% (yeast)."( Determining bioavailability of food folates in a controlled intervention study.
Armstrong, NC; Bradbury, I; Dunn, AA; Hannon-Fletcher, MP; Kerr, MA; McNulty, H; Molloy, AM; Pentieva, K; Scott, JM; Strain, JJ; Ward, M, 2004)		0.32
"Relative bioavailability estimates were consistent with the estimates from the metabolic study that were used as a basis to derive the US DFE value."( Determining bioavailability of food folates in a controlled intervention study.
Armstrong, NC; Bradbury, I; Dunn, AA; Hannon-Fletcher, MP; Kerr, MA; McNulty, H; Molloy, AM; Pentieva, K; Scott, JM; Strain, JJ; Ward, M, 2004)		0.32
" Determination of the bioavailability of these nutrients is a critical step before commencing a fortification program."( Na2EDTA enhances the absorption of iron and zinc from fortified rice flour in Sri Lankan children.
Abrams, SA; Hettiarachchi, M; Hilmers, DC; Liyanage, C, 2004)		0.32
"The objective was to evaluate whether cow milk enhances the bioavailability of food folate in humans."( Effect of cow milk on food folate bioavailability in young women.
Dirienzo, DB; Fishell, VK; Johnston, KE; Kris-Etherton, PM; Maddox, DH; Picciano, MF; Ruch, AL; Tamura, T; West, SG; Zhao, G, 2004)		0.32
"The inclusion of cow milk in the diet enhanced the bioavailability of food folate as assessed by the changes in erythrocyte folate and plasma tHcy concentrations but not in plasma folate concentrations."( Effect of cow milk on food folate bioavailability in young women.
Dirienzo, DB; Fishell, VK; Johnston, KE; Kris-Etherton, PM; Maddox, DH; Picciano, MF; Ruch, AL; Tamura, T; West, SG; Zhao, G, 2004)		0.32
" Because of the observed differential plasma response and the hypothesized difference in the site of initial metabolism, the historical use of PteGlu as a "reference folate" in studies of folate bioavailability is seriously questioned."( Differential kinetic behavior and distribution for pteroylglutamic acid and reduced folates: a revised hypothesis of the primary site of PteGlu metabolism in humans.
Dainty, JR; Finglas, PM; Gregory, JF; Hart, DJ; Wolfe, CA; Wright, AJ; Wright, DM, 2005)		0.33
"The achievement of optimal folate status to prevent neural-tube defects, and possibly other diseases, is hindered by the well-recognised incomplete bioavailability of the natural folates found in foods compared with the synthetic vitamin, folic acid."( Folate bioavailability.
McNulty, H; Pentieva, K, 2004)		0.32
"The presence of folic acid in enriched cereal grain products and the higher bioavailability of folic acid than food folate led to the expression of the 1998 folate RDA, 400 microg/d, as dietary folate equivalents (DFE)."( A long-term controlled folate feeding study in young women supports the validity of the 1.7 multiplier in the dietary folate equivalency equation.
Alamilla, A; Caudill, MA; Cogger, EA; Hata, H; Hung, J; Li, R; Perry, CA; Urrutia, TF; Yang, TL, 2005)		0.33
"The aim of this study was to investigate whether milk fortified with folic acid enhances the folate status of humans and whether the presence of folate-binding proteins (FBP) in pasteurised milk affects the bioavailability of folic acid from fortified milk."( Bioavailability of folic acid from fortified pasteurised and UHT-treated milk in humans.
Castenmiller, JJ; de Jong, RJ; Siebelink, E; van den Berg, H; van Vliet, T; Verwei, M; West, CE, 2005)		0.33
" The bioavailability of folic acid from pasteurised milk relative to that of folic acid from UHT milk was 74-94% (NS), depending on the parameter used."( Bioavailability of folic acid from fortified pasteurised and UHT-treated milk in humans.
Castenmiller, JJ; de Jong, RJ; Siebelink, E; van den Berg, H; van Vliet, T; Verwei, M; West, CE, 2005)		0.33
" No significant effect of endogenous FBP was found on the bioavailability of folic acid from milk."( Bioavailability of folic acid from fortified pasteurised and UHT-treated milk in humans.
Castenmiller, JJ; de Jong, RJ; Siebelink, E; van den Berg, H; van Vliet, T; Verwei, M; West, CE, 2005)		0.33
" Impaired flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) is a measure of endothelial dysfunction resulting from reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO)."( Homocysteine and endothelial function in human studies.
McDowell, IF; Moat, SJ, 2005)		0.33
" Such a relation is biologically plausible because ethanol impedes the bioavailability of dietary folate and is known to inhibit select folate-dependent biochemical reactions."( Effects of alcohol on folate metabolism: implications for carcinogenesis.
Choi, SW; Mason, JB, 2005)		0.33
"To develop a statistical model for predicting zinc bioavailability from cereal-based vegetarian meals using relative proportion of nutrients, non-nutrients and their interactive effects."( Predicting bioavailable zinc from lower phytate forms, folic Acid and their interactions with zinc in vegetarian meals.
Agte, VV; Chiplonkar, SA, 2006)		0.33
" Folate and vitamin B12 levels rose significantly, suggesting that the supplement was well absorbed and that participants adhered to the protocol."( Effects of short-term supplementation with ascorbate, folate, and vitamins B6 and B12 on inflammatory factors and estrogen levels in obese postmenopausal women.
Palmas, W, 2006)		0.33
"Evidence is conflicting as to whether the bioavailability of food folates is influenced by the extent of their conjugation."( The rate of intestinal absorption of natural food folates is not related to the extent of folate conjugation.
Alexander, J; Bradbury, I; Girvan, J; Hannon-Fletcher, M; Hoey, L; McCreedy, R; McKillop, DJ; McNulty, H; McPartlin, JM; Patterson, BK; Pentieva, K; Scott, JM; Strain, JJ, 2006)		0.33
"The objective was to compare the bioavailability of 3 representative food folate sources with various degrees of glutamylation-ie, egg yolk, spinach, and yeast, whose polyglutamyl folate content measured 0%, 50%, and 100%, respectively."( The rate of intestinal absorption of natural food folates is not related to the extent of folate conjugation.
Alexander, J; Bradbury, I; Girvan, J; Hannon-Fletcher, M; Hoey, L; McCreedy, R; McKillop, DJ; McNulty, H; McPartlin, JM; Patterson, BK; Pentieva, K; Scott, JM; Strain, JJ, 2006)		0.33
" The significant and consistently higher serum values of these vitamins among salad consumers suggest that they are being well absorbed from salad."( Salad and raw vegetable consumption and nutritional status in the adult US population: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Arab, L; Su, LJ, 2006)		0.33
"The bioavailability of dietary folate may be hampered by the need of the glutamate moieties to be deconjugated before absorption."( A dual-isotope-labeling method of studying the bioavailability of hexaglutamyl folic acid relative to that of monoglutamyl folic acid in humans by using multiple orally administered low doses.
Garbis, SD; Katan, MB; Kok, FJ; Lasaroms, JJ; Melse-Boonstra, A; van Breemen, RB; van Rhijn, JA; Verhoef, P; West, CE, 2006)		0.33
"The objective was to estimate the bioavailability of polyglutamyl relative to that of monoglutamyl folic acid by using a sensitive stable-isotope approach that allowed for the administration of multiple low doses in humans."( A dual-isotope-labeling method of studying the bioavailability of hexaglutamyl folic acid relative to that of monoglutamyl folic acid in humans by using multiple orally administered low doses.
Garbis, SD; Katan, MB; Kok, FJ; Lasaroms, JJ; Melse-Boonstra, A; van Breemen, RB; van Rhijn, JA; Verhoef, P; West, CE, 2006)		0.33
" After correction for this ratio, the estimated bioavailability of hexaglutamyl relative to that of monoglutamyl folic acid was >/=78%."( A dual-isotope-labeling method of studying the bioavailability of hexaglutamyl folic acid relative to that of monoglutamyl folic acid in humans by using multiple orally administered low doses.
Garbis, SD; Katan, MB; Kok, FJ; Lasaroms, JJ; Melse-Boonstra, A; van Breemen, RB; van Rhijn, JA; Verhoef, P; West, CE, 2006)		0.33
"Multiple dosing of low amounts of labeled folic acid is a sensitive, accurate, and efficient method of measuring the relative bioavailability of folic acid compounds, provided that the administered doses can be reliably assessed."( A dual-isotope-labeling method of studying the bioavailability of hexaglutamyl folic acid relative to that of monoglutamyl folic acid in humans by using multiple orally administered low doses.
Garbis, SD; Katan, MB; Kok, FJ; Lasaroms, JJ; Melse-Boonstra, A; van Breemen, RB; van Rhijn, JA; Verhoef, P; West, CE, 2006)		0.33
"The nutritional quality of new functional or fortified food products depends on the bioavailability of the nutrient(s) in the human body."( Predicted serum folate concentrations based on in vitro studies and kinetic modeling are consistent with measured folate concentrations in humans.
Freidig, AP; Groten, JP; Havenaar, R; Verwei, M, 2006)		0.33
" The use of a food supplement containing nutrients useful for improving the bioavailability of Fe and that is well tolerated can represent a valid alternative to iron therapy."( [Effect of treatment with a food supplement (containing: selected sea fish cartilage, vitamin C, vitamin E, folic acid, zinc, copper) in women with iron deficiency: double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial].
Andreoni, L; Opizzi, A; Rondanelli, M; Trotti, R, 2006)		0.33
"This study has shown that, in patients with iron deficiency, the use of a food supplement, consisting of nutrients that improve the bioavailability of Fe, leads to a significant improvement in blood iron and blood ferritin levels."( [Effect of treatment with a food supplement (containing: selected sea fish cartilage, vitamin C, vitamin E, folic acid, zinc, copper) in women with iron deficiency: double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial].
Andreoni, L; Opizzi, A; Rondanelli, M; Trotti, R, 2006)		0.33
" Evaluation of endothelial function seems to have a predictive role in humans, and therapeutic interventions improving nitric oxide bioavailability in the vasculature may improve the long-term outcome in healthy individuals, high-risk subjects, or patients with advanced atherosclerosis."( Novel therapies targeting vascular endothelium.
Antoniades, C; Koumallos, N; Latsios, G; Marinou, K; Stefanadi, E; Stefanadis, C; Tousoulis, D, )		0.13
" The basal diet provided the 5 test vitamins at concentrations of total and estimated bioavailability equivalent to a minimum of 100 and 70%, respectively, of their estimated requirements (NRC, 1998) for 5- to 10-kg pigs."( Dietary B vitamin needs of strains of pigs with high and moderate lean growth.
Ewan, RC; Lutz, TR; Stahly, TS; Swenson, SG; Williams, NH, 2007)		0.34
"The bioavailability of natural food folates is lower than that of synthetic folic acid, but no agreement exists as to the extent of the difference."( Bioavailability of food folates is 80% of that of folic acid.
Brouwer, IA; Katan, MB; Siebelink, E; Verhoef, P; Winkels, RM, 2007)		0.34
"In a 4-wk dietary intervention study, we determined the aggregate bioavailability of food folates from fruit, vegetables, and liver relative to that of folic acid."( Bioavailability of food folates is 80% of that of folic acid.
Brouwer, IA; Katan, MB; Siebelink, E; Verhoef, P; Winkels, RM, 2007)		0.34
"The aggregate bioavailability of folates from fruit, vegetables, and liver is approximately 80% of that of folic acid."( Bioavailability of food folates is 80% of that of folic acid.
Brouwer, IA; Katan, MB; Siebelink, E; Verhoef, P; Winkels, RM, 2007)		0.34
" Vascular superoxide and nitric oxide bioavailability were determined in segments of saphenous vein and internal mammary artery."( Global improvement of vascular function and redox state with low-dose folic acid: implications for folate therapy in patients with coronary artery disease.
Antoniades, C; Channon, KM; Francis, JM; Jackson, CE; Lee, J; Moat, SJ; Neubauer, S; Pillai, R; Ratnatunga, C; Refsum, H; Robson, MD; Shirodaria, C, 2007)		0.34
"Previous findings for the Texas Neural Tube Defects Project suggested that while maternal access to nutrients is adequate, bioavailability of nutrients to the fetus is compromised in NTD-affected pregnancies."( Neural tube defects, micronutrient deficiencies, and Helicobacter pylori: a new hypothesis.
Brender, JD; Canfield, M; Felkner, M; Liszka, B; Suarez, L, 2007)		0.34
"In the absence of dietary modification, supplementation with the fruit and vegetable juice concentrate capsules proved to be a highly bioavailable source of phytonutrients."( Four week supplementation with mixed fruit and vegetable juice concentrates increased protective serum antioxidants and folate and decreased plasma homocysteine in Japanese subjects.
Kawashima, A; Koike, H; Komatsu, Y; Madarame, T; Wise, JA, 2007)		0.34
"The natural folates are chemically unstable and poorly bioavailable in contrast to the chemical form, folic acid."( Reduced folate status is common and increases disease risk. It can be corrected by daily ingestion of supplements or fortification.
Scott, JM, 2007)		0.34
"4 microg/d be met primarily with crystalline vitamin B12, which is believed to be well absorbed in individuals who have food-bound malabsorption."( If high folic acid aggravates vitamin B12 deficiency what should be done about it?
Johnson, MA, 2007)		0.34
" The maximal daily dietary folate intake is considered to be 250 mg with a bioavailability of 50% to 70%."( Periconceptional folic acid use and the prevalence of positional plagiocephaly.
Bastiaenen, CH; Colla, CG; De Bie, RA; El Bakkali, N; Michels, A; Van der Hulst, RR, 2008)		0.35
"Despite presenting bioavailability problems, tea catechins have emerged as promising chemopreventive agents because of their observed efficacy in various animal models."( Synthesis and biological activity of a 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl ester analogue of epicatechin-3-gallate.
Cabezas-Herrera, J; Chazarra, S; Otón, F; Rodríguez-López, JN; Sánchez-del-Campo, L; Tárraga, A, 2008)		0.35
" Natural food folates have a limited ability to enhance folate status as a result of their poor stability under typical cooking conditions and incomplete bioavailability when compared with the synthetic vitamin, folic acid (as found in supplements and fortified foods)."( Intake and status of folate and related B-vitamins: considerations and challenges in achieving optimal status.
McNulty, H; Scott, JM, 2008)		0.35
"A crossover single-dose bioavailability study (n = 3) using gamma-tocopherol as exposure marker and a crossover unblinded dietary intervention study (5 weeks) in subjects at risk (n = 25)."( Consumption of restructured meat products with added walnuts has a cholesterol-lowering effect in subjects at high cardiovascular risk: a randomised, crossover, placebo-controlled study.
Blanco-Navarro, I; Blázquez-García, S; Granado-Lorencio, F; Herrero-Barbudo, C; Olmedilla-Alonso, B; Pérez-Sacristán, B, 2008)		0.35
" The impact of these changes on the bioavailability of folate in infants requires further exploration."( Unmetabolized folic acid and total folate concentrations in breast milk are unaffected by low-dose folate supplements.
Houghton, LA; O'Connor, DL; Yang, J, 2009)		0.35
"A liposome preparation that is amenable to receptor-mediated endocytosis has been developed to enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly absorbable peptidomimetic drugs by use of folic acid as the mediator of liposomal uptake."( Oral bioavailability enhancement of a hydrophilic drug delivered via folic acid-coupled liposomes in rats.
Barker, SA; Ling, SS; Magosso, E; Yuen, KH, 2009)		0.35
" In-vivo evaluation was carried out on eight Sprague-Dawley rats in a two-way crossover study to compare the oral bioavailability of cefotaxime loaded in folic acid-free liposomes and folic acid-coupled liposomes."( Oral bioavailability enhancement of a hydrophilic drug delivered via folic acid-coupled liposomes in rats.
Barker, SA; Ling, SS; Magosso, E; Yuen, KH, 2009)		0.35
"Enhanced oral bioavailability (AUC(0-infinity)) of cefotaxime was observed when administered via folic acid-coupled liposomes."( Oral bioavailability enhancement of a hydrophilic drug delivered via folic acid-coupled liposomes in rats.
Barker, SA; Ling, SS; Magosso, E; Yuen, KH, 2009)		0.35
" It is well known that the microflora in the colon produce large quantities of folate that approach or exceed recommended dietary intakes; however, there is no direct evidence of the bioavailability of this pool in humans."( Folate is absorbed across the colon of adults: evidence from cecal infusion of (13)C-labeled [6S]-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.
Aufreiter, S; Fazili, Z; Gregory, JF; Kamalaporn, P; Kim, YI; Marcon, N; O'Connor, DL; Pencharz, PB; Pfeiffer, CM, 2009)		0.35
" The bioavailability of polyglutamyl folate may be impaired in the subjects, even when their total folate intake was sufficient."( Relationship between genetic polymorphism, serum folate and homocysteine in Alzheimer's disease.
Hiraoka, M; Kagawa, Y; Kageyama, M, 2008)		0.35
" However, before testing the efficacy of the supplement as an alternate choice for supplementation during pregnancy, the bioavailability of the iron needs to be determined."( Relative bioavailability of iron and folic acid from a new powdered supplement compared to a traditional tablet in pregnant women.
Christofides, A; Hartman-Craven, B; O'Connor, DL; Zlotkin, S, 2009)		0.35
" Based on the differences in the area under the curve and doses, the relative bioavailability of iron from powdered supplement was lower than from the tablet (0."( Relative bioavailability of iron and folic acid from a new powdered supplement compared to a traditional tablet in pregnant women.
Christofides, A; Hartman-Craven, B; O'Connor, DL; Zlotkin, S, 2009)		0.35
"The unexpected lower bioavailability of iron from the powdered supplement is contrary to previously published reports."( Relative bioavailability of iron and folic acid from a new powdered supplement compared to a traditional tablet in pregnant women.
Christofides, A; Hartman-Craven, B; O'Connor, DL; Zlotkin, S, 2009)		0.35
" Furthermore, FA improved redox status of Ang II treated cells by increasing H(4)B and NO() bioavailability while decreasing superoxide (O(2)(-)) production."( Mechanistic insights into folic acid-dependent vascular protection: dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)-mediated reduction in oxidant stress in endothelial cells and angiotensin II-infused mice: a novel HPLC-based fluorescent assay for DHFR activity.
Cai, H; Chalupsky, K; Gao, L; Stefani, E, 2009)		0.35
" Reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and increased oxidative stress play a role in endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction in these patients."( Folic acid supplementation normalizes the endothelial progenitor cell transcriptome of patients with type 1 diabetes: a case-control pilot study.
de Kleijn, DP; Fledderus, JO; Lim, SK; Pescatori, M; Stubbs, A; Tuinenburg, A; van Oostrom, O; Verhaar, MC, 2009)		0.35
" The resulting nanoparticle, HFT-T, is expected to retain the antitumor activity of paclitaxel and specifically target folate receptor (FR)-expressing tumors, thereby increasing the bioavailability and efficacy of paclitaxel."( HFT-T, a targeting nanoparticle, enhances specific delivery of paclitaxel to folate receptor-positive tumors.
Chen, ZG; Cho, KJ; Giannakakou, P; Gjyrezi, A; Kim, G; Koenig, L; Li, J; Nie, S; Shin, DM; Shin, HJ; Tighiouart, M; Wang, X; Wang, Y, 2009)		0.35
"Folic acid (pteroylmonoglutamic acid) has historically been used as the reference folate in human intervention studies assessing the relative bioavailability of dietary folate."( Comparison of (6 S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid v. folic acid as the reference folate in longer-term human dietary intervention studies assessing the relative bioavailability of natural food folates: comparative changes in folate status following a 16-we
Finglas, PM; King, MJ; Powers, HJ; Wolfe, CA; Wright, AJ, 2010)		0.36
"The aim of this study was to establish the bioavailability of different folates produced by engineered Lactococcus lactis strains using a rodent depletion-repletion bioassay."( Supplementation with engineered Lactococcus lactis improves the folate status in deficient rats.
de Giori, GS; de Vos, WM; Hugenholtz, J; LeBlanc, JG; Sesma, F; Starrenburg, M; Sybesma, W, )		0.13
"The folate produced by the engineered strains was able to compensate the folate depletion in the diet and showed similar bioavailability compared with commercial folic acid that is normally used for food fortification."( Supplementation with engineered Lactococcus lactis improves the folate status in deficient rats.
de Giori, GS; de Vos, WM; Hugenholtz, J; LeBlanc, JG; Sesma, F; Starrenburg, M; Sybesma, W, )		0.13
" Inadequate dietary iron, folate intake due to low vegetable consumption, perhaps low B12 intake and poor bioavailability of dietary iron from the fibre, phytate rich Indian diets are the major factors responsible for high prevalence of anaemia."( Prevalence & consequences of anaemia in pregnancy.
Kalaivani, K, 2009)		0.35
" Data analyzed will assist dietary studies to estimate and evaluate the adequacy of folate intakes of the population, to formulate experimental diets for folate bioavailability studies, and to revise dietary recommendations for the population."( Total folate: diversity within fruit varieties commonly consumed in India.
Akilanathan, L; Arcot, J; Ramachandran, S; Uthira, L; Vishnumohan, S, 2010)		0.36
"Oat-bran helps to improve constipation management and B12 bioavailability in elderly, with multiple chronic diseases who live in nursing homes."( The status of vitamins B6, B12, folate, and of homocysteine in geriatric home residents receiving laxatives or dietary fiber.
Dietrich, A; Elmadfa, I; Gisinger, C; Sturtzel, B; Wagner, KH, 2010)		0.36
"The addition of folic acid to the US food supply, along with the critical role of folate in certain health outcomes, has intensified worldwide interest in the bioavailability of folate."( Folate bioavailability: implications for establishing dietary recommendations and optimizing status.
Caudill, MA, 2010)		0.36
" Although most of the data reviewed in the present paper refer to in vitro experiments with cell-culture systems, these studies raise a concern about possible changes in the bioavailability of substrates upon concomitant ingestion of polyphenols."( Effect of polyphenols on the intestinal and placental transport of some bioactive compounds.
Calhau, C; Martel, F; Monteiro, R, 2010)		0.36
" Here, we present evidence that TMECG markedly reduces melanoma H(4)B and NO bioavailability and that TMECG action is abolished by the eNOS inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or the H(2)O(2) scavenger catalase, which strongly suggests H(2)O(2)-dependent DHFR downregulation."( Mechanism of dihydrofolate reductase downregulation in melanoma by 3-O-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-(-)-epicatechin.
Cabezas-Herrera, J; Chazarra, S; Montenegro, MF; Rodríguez-López, JN; Sánchez-del-Campo, L, 2010)		0.36
" They generate heat when an alternating current (AC) magnetic field is applied to them and have a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 132 W g(-1) at 230 kHz and 100 Oe."( High-frequency, magnetic-field-responsive drug release from magnetic nanoparticle/organic hybrid based on hyperthermic effect.
Hayashi, K; Moriya, M; Ono, K; Sakamoto, W; Sawada, M; Suzuki, H; Yogo, T, 2010)		0.36
"The objective was to determine folate bioavailability after ingestion of breads or a breakfast meal fortified with either 5-CH(3)-H(4) folate or folic acid by using a stable-isotope area under the curve (AUC) and ileostomy model."( Folate bioavailability from breads and a meal assessed with a human stable-isotope area under the curve and ileostomy model.
Büttner, BE; Lundin, E; Ohrvik, VE; Rychlik, M; Witthöft, CM, 2010)		0.36
" Stomal folate contents indicated almost complete bioavailability of labeled folate from the breads or breakfast meal."( Folate bioavailability from breads and a meal assessed with a human stable-isotope area under the curve and ileostomy model.
Büttner, BE; Lundin, E; Ohrvik, VE; Rychlik, M; Witthöft, CM, 2010)		0.36
"A single-dose bioavailability study was performed using three commercially available milks (whole and skimmed milk fortified with folic acid and unfortified whole milk)."( Plasma folate concentrations after a single dose ingestion of whole and skimmed folic acid fortified milks in healthy subjects.
Achón, M; Alonso-Aperte, E; Arrate, A; Varela-Moreiras, G, 2011)		0.37
" The IC(50) values were lowered by a factor of approximately 3 for FA-NanoGSE compared to the free drug, indicating substantially enhanced bioavailability to the tumor cells, sparing the normal ones."( Folate targeted polymeric 'green' nanotherapy for cancer.
Binulal, NS; Manzoor, K; Menon, D; Mony, U; Nair, S; Narayanan, S, 2010)		0.36
" Studies comparing L-5-methyl-THF and folic acid have found that the two compounds have comparable physiological activity, bioavailability and absorption at equimolar doses."( Folic acid and L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate: comparison of clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Bailey, L; Pietrzik, K; Shane, B, 2010)		0.36
" In addition, further research should evaluate the bioavailability of the vitamin from fortified flour by elderly people with food cobalamin malabsorption and gastric atrophy."( Considering the case for vitamin B12 fortification of flour.
Allen, LH; Oakley, GP; Omenn, GS; Rosenberg, IH, 2010)		0.36
" These results demonstrate that the paclitaxel formulation not only exhibits a higher antitumor activity but also significantly reduces the toxicity and improves the bioavailability as compared to that of free paclitaxel for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma."( Preparation, characterization, and antitumor activity of paclitaxel-loaded folic acid modified and TAT peptide conjugated PEGylated polymeric liposomes.
Cao, S; Chang, J; Niu, R; Wang, H; Yu, M; Zhang, F; Zhao, P, 2011)		0.37
"Chemotherapy is one of the most effective approaches to treat cancers in the clinic, but the problems, such as multidrug resistance (MDR), low bioavailability and toxicity, severely constrain the further application of chemotherapy."( PLGA/polymeric liposome for targeted drug and gene co-delivery.
Chang, J; Liao, Z; Niu, R; Su, W; Wang, H; Wang, S; Zhao, P, 2010)		0.36
") supplemented diet administered to ethanol-exposed dams and male rats prevents the effects provoked by ethanol in Se bioavailability and in their glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, thus improving the health of their offspring."( Folic acid and selenite during reproduction, gestation and lactation protect against ethanol changed Se bioavailability.
Carreras, O; Delgado, MJ; Guerrero-León, MM; Jotty, K; Murillo, ML; Nogales, F; Ojeda, ML, )		0.13
" GNMT expression in vivo improves folate retention and bioavailability in the liver."( GNMT expression increases hepatic folate contents and folate-dependent methionine synthase-mediated homocysteine remethylation.
Chen, YM; Chiang, EP; Lin, YJ; Liu, SP; Wang, YC, )		0.13
" In order to achieve an optimal iron status, both an adequate amount of iron intake and its bioavailability should be considered."( The nutritional status of iron, folate, and vitamin B-12 of Buddhist vegetarians.
Krawinkel, M; Lee, Y, 2011)		0.37
" This inhibition leads to disturbance of the folate metabolic pathway and to lower bioavailability of folate to cells; therefore, it may increase the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in a developing embryo."( Tea drinking as a risk factor for neural tube defects in northern China.
Li, Z; Liu, J; Pei, L; Ren, A; Ye, R; Zhang, L; Zheng, X, 2011)		0.37
" However, little is known about the bioavailability of nutrients from fortified beverages relative to 100% fruit juices."( Absorption of folic acid and ascorbic acid from nutrient comparable beverages.
Carter, B; Drewnowski, A; Monsivais, P, )		0.13
" The objective of the study, therefore, was to test the bioavailability of iron and zinc in 2 multiple micronutrient beverage premixes in the absence and presence of chapatti."( Bioavailability of iron and zinc from multiple micronutrient fortified beverage premixes in Caco-2 cell model.
Nair, KM; Pamini, H; Pullakhandam, R; Punjal, R, 2011)		0.37
" Due to its lower bioavailability from natural foods, many countries have adopted mandatory folic acid food fortification programs."( Folic acid in obstetric practice: a review.
Arulkumaran, S; Talaulikar, VS, 2011)		0.37
"Homocysteine is a cardiovascular risk factor, its metabolism is influenced by certain B vitamins and it is associated with endothelial dysfunction probably due to impaired bioavailability of NO caused by homocysteine-induced accumulation of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthase."( Homocysteine and asymmetric dimethylarginine in relation to B vitamins in elderly people.
Elmadfa, I; Fabian, E; Kickinger, A; Wagner, KH, 2011)		0.37
"The significant correlation between homocysteine and ADMA observed in this study may be an important mechanism decreasing NO bioavailability and so causing endothelial dysfunction."( Homocysteine and asymmetric dimethylarginine in relation to B vitamins in elderly people.
Elmadfa, I; Fabian, E; Kickinger, A; Wagner, KH, 2011)		0.37
"0 mg/d) was explained by different assumed reference weights and bioavailability factors (10-18 %)."( Explaining the variability in recommended intakes of folate, vitamin B12, iron and zinc for adults and elderly people.
Cavelaars, AE; de Groot, LC; Dhonukshe-Rutten, RA; Doets, EL; van 't Veer, P, 2012)		0.38
"For the harmonisation of approaches for setting recommended intakes of folate, vitamin B12, Fe and Zn across European countries, standardised methods are needed to (i) select health indicators and define adequate biomarker concentrations, (ii) make assumptions about inter-individual variation in requirements, (iii) derive bioavailability factors and (iv) collate, select, interpret and integrate evidence on requirements."( Explaining the variability in recommended intakes of folate, vitamin B12, iron and zinc for adults and elderly people.
Cavelaars, AE; de Groot, LC; Dhonukshe-Rutten, RA; Doets, EL; van 't Veer, P, 2012)		0.38
" Folates interact with the endothelial enzyme NO synthase (eNOS) and, exert effects on the cofactor bioavailability of NO and thus, on peroxynitrite formation."( Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative effects of folic acid and its reduced derivates.
Stanger, O; Wonisch, W, 2012)		0.38
" While the folate level of human milk is simulated in infant formula, data are lacking on the bioavailability and effect of folic acid in infants and on whether a tolerable upper intake level should be defined."( Folate recommendations for pregnancy, lactation, and infancy.
Lamers, Y, 2011)		0.37
" Several national health authorities have therefore introduced mandatory food fortification with synthetic folic acid, which is considered a convenient fortificant, being cost-efficient in production, more stable than natural food folate, and superior in terms of bioavailability and bioefficacy."( Human folate bioavailability.
Ohrvik, VE; Witthoft, CM, 2011)		0.37
" There is little published information about the bioavailability and bioequivalence of formulations containing both iron and folic acid."( In vitro dissolution profile of two commercially available iron preparations.
Cerdeira, R; Patrício, JP; Santos, C, 2012)		0.38
" It is an important constituent of our organism, and its bioavailability is mainly dependent from the correct function of our gastrointestinal tract."( Folate in gastrointestinal health and disease.
Annicchiarico, BE; Cazzato, IA; D'Aversa, F; Danese, S; Fagiuoli, S; Gasbarrini, A; Gionchetti, P; Ponziani, FR, 2012)		0.38
" This randomized crossover study was designed to evaluate the bioavailability of folic acid from a multivitamin softgel capsule vs a folic acid tablet in 16 premenopausal women (18 to 45 years of age)."( Absorption of folic acid from a softgel capsule compared to a standard tablet.
Brooks, JR; Dicklin, MR; Kelley, KM; Lawless, AL; Maki, KC; Ndife, LI; Shields, JM; Wright, SB, 2012)		0.38
" The bioavailability and hypoglycemic activity of orally administered FA-insulin NPs were studied in diabetic rats."( Folate-decorated PLGA nanoparticles as a rationally designed vehicle for the oral delivery of insulin.
Das, M; Godugu, C; Jain, AK; Jain, S; Rathi, VV, 2012)		0.38
"FA-PEG-PLGA NPs (50 U/kg) exhibited a twofold increase in the oral bioavailability (double hypoglycemia) without any hypoglycemic shock as compared to subcutaneously administered standard insulin solution."( Folate-decorated PLGA nanoparticles as a rationally designed vehicle for the oral delivery of insulin.
Das, M; Godugu, C; Jain, AK; Jain, S; Rathi, VV, 2012)		0.38
"The oral absorption of drugs that have poor bioavailability can be enhanced by encapsulation in polymeric nanoparticles."( Folic acid functionalized nanoparticles for enhanced oral drug delivery.
Grill, AE; Guru, BR; Kalscheuer, S; Kirtane, A; Panyam, J; Roger, E; Whittum-Hudson, J, 2012)		0.38
" Since the MTX is conjugated through an ester linkage, there were concerns that biological inconsistency could also result from serum esterase activity and differential bioavailability of the targeted conjugate."( Polyvalent dendrimer-methotrexate as a folate receptor-targeted cancer therapeutic.
Baker, JR; Choi, SK; Desai, AM; Gam, J; Huang, B; Joice, M; Kotlyar, A; Silpe, JE; Thomas, TP; Zong, H, 2012)		0.38
"The bioavailability of EE and drospirenone was similar after administration of EE/drospirenone/levomefolate calcium and EE/drospirenone."( Bioequivalence evaluation of a folate-supplemented oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol/drospirenone/levomefolate calcium versus ethinylestradiol/drospirenone and levomefolate calcium alone.
Blode, H; Diefenbach, K; Eydeler, U; Richard, F; Rohde, B; Trummer, D; Wiesinger, H, 2012)		0.38
"We investigated the effects of folate-enriched egg yolk powder on folate and homocysteine levels in plasma and liver of rats fed the folate- and choline-deficient diet to determine bioavailability in vivo."( The beneficial effect of folate-enriched egg on the folate and homocysteine levels in rats fed a folate- and choline-deficient diet.
Awaji, H; Horie, K; Kim, M; Nakata, R; Sugiyama, A, 2012)		0.38
" This increase in needs is not satisfied by the regular diet, since it includes an insufficient amount and/or low bioavailability of iron."( [Review by expert group in the diagnosis and treatment of anemia in pregnant women. Federación Mexicana de Colegios de Obstetricia y Ginecología].
Castelazo Morales, E; Chávez Güitrón, LE; Escárcega Preciado, JA; Fajardo Dueñas, S; García Lee, T; García, A; Hernández de Morán, M; Jiménez Gutiérrez, C; Maldonado Aragón, A; Mondragón Galindo, CG; Montoya Cossío, J; Montoya Romero, Jde J; Nava Muñoz, DA; Pichardo Villalón, GM; Santana García, HR; Valerio Castro, E; Velázquez Cornejo, G, 2012)		0.38
" This is because the recommendations are often not followed or because the bioavailability of food folate is variable."( Is 5-methyltetrahydrofolate an alternative to folic acid for the prevention of neural tube defects?
Holzgreve, W; Obeid, R; Pietrzik, K, 2013)		0.39
" Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems can provide an alternative approach for regulating the bioavailability of this and most other anticancer drugs."( Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as vehicles for the delivery of the antitumor drug gemcitabine to tumor cells. Physicochemical in vitro evaluation.
Carazo, A; Delgado, AV; Gómez-Sotomayor, R; Munoz-Gamez, JA; Rudzka, K; Ruiz-Extremera, A; Salmerón, J; Viota, JL, 2013)		0.39
" One of the major challenges in setting dietary reference values for folate, however, is the need to account for the differences in bioavailability between the natural forms of the vitamin and the synthetic form, folic acid, albeit to date, few countries in Europe take bioavailability into consideration."( EURRECA-Estimating folate requirements for deriving dietary reference values.
Duffy, ME; Hoey, L; Hughes, CF; McNulty, H; Strain, JJ, 2013)		0.39
" After administration metafolin shows optimum absorption, comparable or higher bioavailability as well as physiological activity when compared to folic acid."( [Metafolin--alternative for folate deficiency supplementation in pregnant women].
Seremak-Mrozikiewicz, A, 2013)		0.39
" Its oral bioavailability is low and its intestinal absorption mechanism is not clear."( Intestinal absorption of raltitrexed and evaluation of the effects of absorption enhancers.
Li, X; Lu, Y; Yin, Z; Yu, Y; Zhao, X, 2013)		0.39
"The present study reports the folic acid (FA) functionalized insulin loaded stable liposomes with improved bioavailability following oral administration."( Improved stability and antidiabetic potential of insulin containing folic acid functionalized polymer stabilized multilayered liposomes following oral administration.
Agrawal, AK; Harde, H; Jain, S; Thanki, K, 2014)		0.4
"Several strategies appear suitable to improve iron and zinc bioavailability from fortified maize, and fortification per se will increase the intake of bioavailable iron and zinc."( Bioavailability of iron, zinc, folic acid, and vitamin A from fortified maize.
Biebinger, R; Bruins, MJ; Hoeft, B; Kraemer, K; Moretti, D, 2014)		0.4
" In this study, we evaluated short-term folate bioavailability in rats infused with this folate-biofortified fruit."( Natural folates from biofortified tomato and synthetic 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate display equivalent bioavailability in a murine model.
Castorena-Torres, F; de la Garza, RI; García-Rivas, G; Hernández-Méndez, RV; Ramos-Parra, PA; Vargas-García, A, 2014)		0.4
"Dual-label stable isotope dilution assays for the simultaneous quantification of isotopologic folates in clinical samples offer the perspective for differentiating between unlabeled folates from endogenous body pools and administered [13C5]-labeled folates from a test dose when performing bioavailability trials."( Quantification of isotope-labeled and unlabeled folates and folate catabolites in urine samples by stable isotope dilution assay.
Büttner, BE; Köhler, P; Ohrvik, VE; Rychlik, M; Witthöft, CM, 2013)		0.39
" Naturally occurring 5-MTHF has important advantages over synthetic folic acid - it is well absorbed even when gastrointestinal pH is altered and its bioavailability is not affected by metabolic defects."( Folate, folic acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate are not the same thing.
Panzavolta, G; Scaglione, F, 2014)		0.4
" Pharmacokinetic assessments showed advantages of systemic bioavailability of FTL-UA (AUC = 218."( In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of folate-targeted ursolic acid stealth liposome.
Lu, M; Ma, X; Xiang, G; Yang, G; Yang, T; Zhang, W, 2014)		0.4
" Information on the bioavailability of vitamins is important for a good estimation of the actual exposure to vitamins."( Bioaccessibility of vitamin A, vitamin C and folic acid from dietary supplements, fortified food and infant formula.
Alewijn, M; Bakker, MI; Bouwmeester, H; Brandon, EF; Kramer, E; Zuidema, T, 2014)		0.4
" To minimize side effects and to enhance bioavailability of doxorubicin to cancer cells, a dual-targeted pH-sensitive biocompatible polymeric nanosystem was designed and developed."( AS1411 aptamer and folic acid functionalized pH-responsive ATRP fabricated pPEGMA-PCL-pPEGMA polymeric nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy.
Aravind, A; Koul, V; Kumar, DS; Lale, SV; R G, A, 2014)		0.4
" This reference value is expressed as dietary folate equivalents that take into account the difference in bioavailability between folic acid and all types of folates in food."( Revised D-A-CH intake recommendations for folate: how much is needed?
Bärlocher, K; Eichholzer, M; Elmadfa, I; Heseker, H; Krawinkel, MB; Leschik-Bonnet, E; Strohm, D; Watzl, B; Weissenborn, A, 2014)		0.4
" Though foliates content in dairy products is lower than in vegetables and cereals, nevertheless their bioavailability and stability is much better."( [Dairy products as source of folates].
Cichosz, G; Kowalska, M, 2014)		0.4
"If these data translate to the overall transport and subsequent bioavailability of folates, noncompetitive inhibition of the folate receptors by VPA may serve to lower the bioavailable folates in VPA treated mothers."( Brief report novel mechanism for valproate-induced teratogenicity.
Fathe, K; Finnell, RH; Palacios, A, 2014)		0.4
" However, siRNA-based treatments targeting Bmi1 gene have been restricted to limited delivery, low bioavailability and hence relatively reduced efficacy."( Co-delivery of doxorubicin and Bmi1 siRNA by folate receptor targeted liposomes exhibits enhanced anti-tumor effects in vitro and in vivo.
Gai, Y; He, X; Li, B; Li, W; Liu, Y; Qi, S; Xiang, G; Xu, C; Yang, G; Yang, T; Ye, P; Zhang, P; Zhang, W; Zhang, Z, 2014)		0.4
"Different sources of folate may have different bioavailability and hence may impact the standard definition of folate equivalents."( Folate bioavailability from foods rich in folates assessed in a short term human study using stable isotope dilution assays.
Frank, T; Mönch, S; Netzel, G; Netzel, M; Ott, U; Rychlik, M, 2015)		0.42
" Different ways of food preparation influence the folate stability and its bioavailability varies from 25 to 50% from foods, 85% from enriched foods or 100% from supplements."( The question is whether intake of folic acid from diet alone during pregnancy is sufficient.
Banjari, I; Matoković, V; Škoro, V, )		0.13
" And the in vivo results showed that FA-PEI-UMCS nanoparticles did not only improve the oral bioavailability of PTX, but also decrease the gastrointestinal toxicity of PTX."( Folate-polyethyleneimine functionalized mesoporous carbon nanoparticles for enhancing oral bioavailability of paclitaxel.
Jiang, T; Song, A; Sun, C; Wan, L; Wang, S; Wang, X; Zhang, C; Zhu, W, 2015)		0.42
" The bioavailability of the many antioxidant ingredients a vitamin and trace element composition was investigated, to reveal the neuroprotective (preventive) potential of the composition."( Neuroprotective impact of a vitamin trace element composition - a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial with healthy volunteers.
Endler, T; Mosgoeller, W; Muss, C, 2015)		0.42
" We confirmed the bioavailability of ingredients, and determined metabolic parameters associated with the integrity of the blood brain barrier, mitochondrial deficiency (Q 10), neurodegeneration (homocystein), and antioxidative capacity (e."( Neuroprotective impact of a vitamin trace element composition - a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial with healthy volunteers.
Endler, T; Mosgoeller, W; Muss, C, 2015)		0.42
" This blended NP system can be achieved through a simple and effective nanoprecipitation technique, and possesses unique properties: i) improved long-term compatibility brought by PEG-based polymers; ii) reduced multidrug resistance mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in tumor cells and increased bioavailability of anticancer drugs by incorporation of TPGS; iii) the regulation of controlled release through polymer ratios and active targeting by FA."( Blended nanoparticle system based on miscible structurally similar polymers: a safe, simple, targeted, and surprisingly high efficiency vehicle for cancer therapy.
Huang, L; Liu, D; Liu, G; Liu, Y; Mei, L; Tao, W; Yu, Q; Zeng, X; Zhang, J; Zhu, X, 2015)		0.42
" Bioavailability to the pool of nutrients might determine selectivity."( Association of folate and other one-carbon related nutrients with hypermethylation status and expression of RARB, BRCA1, and RASSF1A genes in breast cancer patients.
Atri, M; Mehdipour, P; Pirouzpanah, S; Taleban, FA, 2015)		0.42
"To minimize cardiotoxicity and to increase the bioavailability of doxorubicin, polymersomes based on redox sensitive amphiphilic triblock copolymer poly(polyethylene glycol methacrylate)-poly(caprolactone)-s-s-poly(caprolactone)-poly(polyethylene glycol methacrylate) (pPEGMA-PCL-ss-PCL-pPEGMA) with disulfide linkage were designed and developed."( ROP and ATRP Fabricated Dual Targeted Redox Sensitive Polymersomes Based on pPEGMA-PCL-ss-PCL-pPEGMA Triblock Copolymers for Breast Cancer Therapeutics.
Choudhary, V; Koul, V; Kumar, A; Lale, SV; Mahajan, S, 2015)		0.42
"Rifampicin is one of the frontline drugs for tuberculosis therapy but poor bioavailability of Rifampicin in combination with other anti-tuberculosis drugs is a subject of concern."( In vitro controlled release of Rifampicin through liquid-crystalline folate nanoparticles.
Misra, R; Mohanty, S; Parmar, R, 2015)		0.42
" The pharmacokinetics, metabolism and bioavailability of EC0565 were studied in normal rats."( Antiinflammatory Activity of a Novel Folic Acid Targeted Conjugate of the mTOR Inhibitor Everolimus.
Cross, VA; Gehrke, MA; Hahn, SJ; Klein, PJ; Kleindl, PJ; Leamon, CP; Low, PS; Lu, Y; Parker, N; Santhapuram, HK; Stinnette, TW; Vaughn, JF; Vlahov, IR; Wang, K; Westrick, E; Wollak, K; You, F, 2015)		0.42
" We hypothesized that increasing the capacity to recycle BH4 from BH2 would improve NO bioavailability as well as pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) as indicators of pulmonary hypertension (PH) under hypoxic conditions."( Folic Acid Promotes Recycling of Tetrahydrobiopterin and Protects Against Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension by Recoupling Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase.
Bertram, K; Chalupsky, K; Görlach, A; Kanchev, I; Kračun, D, 2015)		0.42
" Especially the bioavailability of natural compounds in complex mixtures, where the different ingredients may interfere with each other, is unknown."( Bioavailabilty of a liquid Vitamin Trace Element Composition in healthy volunteers.
Endler, T; Mosgoeller, W; Muss, C, 2015)		0.42
"To learn more about the bioavailability of the ingredients in the complex compound LaVita® we examined blood levels of subjects, who ingested the multivitamin and trace element composition for 6 month continuously."( Bioavailabilty of a liquid Vitamin Trace Element Composition in healthy volunteers.
Endler, T; Mosgoeller, W; Muss, C, 2015)		0.42
"Seasonings and condiments can be candidate vehicles for micronutrient fortification if consumed consistently and if dietary practices ensure bioavailability of the nutrient."( Bioavailability of iron, vitamin A, zinc, and folic acid when added to condiments and seasonings.
Degerud, EM; Dierkes, J; Manger, MS; Strand, TA, 2015)		0.42
" Off-target effects and poor bioavailability of the FDA-approved antiobesity drug orlistat hinder its clinical translation as a repurposed new drug against TNBC."( Folate Receptor-Targeted Polymeric Micellar Nanocarriers for Delivery of Orlistat as a Repurposed Drug against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
Ananta, JS; Bhethanabotla, R; Devulapally, R; Foygel, K; Joy, A; Massoud, TF; Mishra, K; Paulmurugan, R; Sekar, TV, 2016)		0.43
" GNMT expression in vivo improves folate retention and bioavailability in the liver."( Regulation of Folate-Mediated One-Carbon Metabolism by Glycine N-Methyltransferase (GNMT) and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR).
Chiang, EP; Ko, HA; Lin, YJ; Tang, FY; Wang, YC; Wu, MT, 2015)		0.42
" A liposomal drug delivery system could overcome the shortcomings of DM-NCTD by improving the relative bioavailability (Fr), reducing drug toxicity, and increasing the therapeutic efficacy."( Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of a diacid metabolite of norcantharidin loaded in folic acid-targeted liposomes in mice.
Gao, JQ; Han, M; Liu, MC; Ma, XQ; Peng, LH; Xu, Y, 2016)		0.43
" The aim of this study was to compare the bioavailability of Quatrefolic®, a novel patented (6S)5-MTHF glucosamine salt, with (6S)5-MTHF calcium salt and folic acid in Sprague Dawley rats."( Enhanced oral bioavailability of a novel folate salt: comparison with folic acid and a calcium folate salt in a pharmacokinetic study in rats.
Agostinetto, M; Bianchi, D; Miraglia, N; Valoti, E, 2016)		0.43
"Quatrefolic® has demonstrated an enhanced oral bioavailability in comparison to other reduced folates and to folic acid in rats."( Enhanced oral bioavailability of a novel folate salt: comparison with folic acid and a calcium folate salt in a pharmacokinetic study in rats.
Agostinetto, M; Bianchi, D; Miraglia, N; Valoti, E, 2016)		0.43
" The proposed approach has the capacity to utilize all relevant data available, including data from human studies, bioavailability data showing variability between specific forms of micronutrients and, in the case of animal studies, data on species comparability."( Quantifiable risk-benefit assessment of micronutrients: From theory to practice.
Kremer, BHA; Krul, L; Leeman, WR; Luijckx, NBL, 2017)		0.46
" The obtained results point toward the potential use of MSPs as candidates to enhance stability and to improve the bioavailability of functional biomolecules."( Protective effect of mesoporous silica particles on encapsulated folates.
Amorós, P; Barat, JM; Daubenschüz, H; Marcos, MD; Martínez-Máñez, R; Pérez-Esteve, É; Ruiz-Rico, M, 2016)		0.43
"As nanomedicines are gaining momentum in the therapy of cancer, new biomaterials emerge as alternative platforms for the delivery of anticancer drugs with bioavailability problems."( Design and optimization of novel paclitaxel-loaded folate-conjugated amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles.
Bilensoy, E; Erdoğar, N; Esendağlı, G; Nielsen, TT; Öner, L; Şen, M, 2016)		0.43
" However, poor water solubility as well as less bioavailability has confined its use as a suitable anti-cancer drug."( Targeted delivery of quercetin loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles to the breast cancer cells.
Chowdhury, S; Ghosh, S; Pandey, B; Sarkar, A; Sil, PC, 2016)		0.43
"MSN-FA-Q facilitates higher cellular uptake and allows more drug bioavailability to the breast cancer cells with over-expressed folate receptors."( Targeted delivery of quercetin loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles to the breast cancer cells.
Chowdhury, S; Ghosh, S; Pandey, B; Sarkar, A; Sil, PC, 2016)		0.43
"The aim of the study was to measure the relative bioavailability of labeled pteroylglutamic acid (13C5-PteGlu) from a pectin-coated fortified rice in vivo to measure any effect of the edible coating on folic acid bioavailability."( Relative bioavailability of 13C5-folic acid in pectin-coated folate fortified rice in humans using stable isotope techniques.
Arcot, J; de Ambrosis, A; Haber, P; Paterson, J; Vishnumohan, S, 2017)		0.46
"The bioavailability of folic acid in a pectin-coated rice premix was 68."( Relative bioavailability of 13C5-folic acid in pectin-coated folate fortified rice in humans using stable isotope techniques.
Arcot, J; de Ambrosis, A; Haber, P; Paterson, J; Vishnumohan, S, 2017)		0.46
"This study is the first demonstration of the bioavailability of folate in pectin-coated fortified rice in humans."( Relative bioavailability of 13C5-folic acid in pectin-coated folate fortified rice in humans using stable isotope techniques.
Arcot, J; de Ambrosis, A; Haber, P; Paterson, J; Vishnumohan, S, 2017)		0.46
" These studies, which are the focus of this review, suggest that folic acid and its active metabolite 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate improve nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability by increasing endothelial NO synthase coupling and NO production as well as by directly scavenging superoxide radicals."( Role of folic acid in nitric oxide bioavailability and vascular endothelial function.
Kenney, WL; Stanhewicz, AE, 2017)		0.46
" In vivo pharmacokinetic study revealed noticeable enhancement of bioavailability and plasma circulation time of the drugs when encapsulated in the carrier system."( Folate receptor-targeted hybrid lipid-core nanocapsules for sequential delivery of doxorubicin and tanespimycin.
Choi, HG; Gautam, M; Gupta, B; Jeong, JH; Kim, JO; Lee, JS; Pathak, S; Poudel, BK; Regmi, S; Ruttala, HB; Yong, CS, 2017)		0.46
"Targeted drug delivery systems have great potential to overcome the side effect and improve the bioavailability of conventional anticancer drugs."( Enhanced effect of folated pluronic F87-PLA/TPGS mixed micelles on targeted delivery of paclitaxel.
Cheng, F; Gong, YC; Li, YP; Li, ZL; Pan, X; Tao, L; Xiong, XY, 2017)		0.46
" However, the low bioavailability and nonspecific tumor targeting restrict its further clinical application."( A smart pH-responsive nano-carrier as a drug delivery system for the targeted delivery of ursolic acid: suppresses cancer growth and metastasis by modulating P53/MMP-9/PTEN/CD44 mediated multiple signaling pathways.
Chen, S; Chen, X; Chi, T; Fan, L; Jia, L; Jiang, K; Li, T; Liu, Y; Shao, J; Zheng, G, 2017)		0.46
" In this work, EGCG-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) functionalized with folic acid were optimized through a Box-Behnken design intended to provide an enhanced oral absorption and increased bioavailability of EGCG."( Folate-targeted nanostructured lipid carriers for enhanced oral delivery of epigallocatechin-3-gallate.
Chaves, LL; Granja, A; Neves, AR; Nunes, C; Pinheiro, M; Reis, S; Vieira, AC, 2017)		0.46
"Generating bioavailability data from in vivo studies is time-consuming and expensive."( Simulation of Food Folate Digestion and Bioavailability of an Oxidation Product of 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate.
Ringling, C; Rychlik, M, 2017)		0.46
" FA-IONPs also displayed both high relaxivity for MRI detection and high specific absorption rate needed for hyperthermia treatment of tumors."( Folic acid on iron oxide nanoparticles: platform with high potential for simultaneous targeting, MRI detection and hyperthermia treatment of lymph node metastases of prostate cancer.
Bastiaansen, JAM; Bonvin, D; Hofmann, H; Mionić Ebersold, M; Stuber, M, 2017)		0.46
" Resolving this problem will be significant in improving bioavailability and reducing side effects."( Effect of inhibitors of endocytosis and NF-kB signal pathway on folate-conjugated nanoparticle endocytosis by rat Kupffer cells.
Chen, H; Feng, X; Han, Z; Jia, Y; Li, X; Liu, Q; Liu, X; Tang, H; Wang, A, 2017)		0.46
" The ADME properties of these active molecules were also predicted to enhance the knowhow of the oral bioavailability, indicating good bioavailability of the active entities."( Ionic liquid mediated stereoselective synthesis of alanine linked hybrid quinazoline-4(3H)-one derivatives perturbing the malarial reductase activity in folate pathway.
Bhatt, JD; Chudasama, CJ; Dixit, BC; Dixit, RB; Patel, BD; Patel, TS; Patel, UH; Vanparia, SF, 2017)		0.46
"The differences in bioavailability and metabolism of synthetic folic acid and natural dietary folate as well as variation in the baseline characteristics of subjects and various methods of folate status assessment might be the main reasons for these controversies."( Folic acid intake and folate status and colorectal cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Alizadeh, BZ; Dastgiri, S; de Bock, GH; Dolatkhah, R; Moazzen, S; Shaarbafi, J; Tabrizi, JS, 2018)		0.48
" Pharmacokinetic studies confirmed that Bacillus spore-based carriers could efficiently improve the oral bioavailability of curcumin."( Bacillus spore-based oral carriers loading curcumin for the therapy of colon cancer.
Chen, W; Guan, YQ; Han, K; Hu, K; Jin, Y; Li, CH; Meng, Z; Wu, BY; Yin, L; You, R; Zhang, Y, 2018)		0.48
" The aim of the study was to develop FS loaded pluronic127 (PF)-folic acid (FA) conjugated micelles (FS-PF-FA) by the way of increasing solubility, bioavailability and active targetability of FS shall increase its therapeutic efficacy."( Development of fisetin-loaded folate functionalized pluronic micelles for breast cancer targeting.
Bothiraja, C; Pawar, A; Rajalakshmi, S; Shaikh, K; Singh, S, 2018)		0.48
"A new family of biofunctionalized chitosan decorated nanocochleates-mediated drug delivery system was developed that involves uniquely combining nanocochleates with anticancer drug for controlled drug release, targeted delivery, improved bioavailability with reduced toxicity."( Development of novel biofunctionalized chitosan decorated nanocochleates as a cancer targeted drug delivery platform.
Bothiraja, C; Panda, B; Pawar, A; Poudel, I; Rajalakshmi, S; Rajput, N, 2018)		0.48
" Cell viability of assay was implemented to determination of biocompatibility, bioavailability and therapeutic potency of nano-complexes on different cancer and normal cell lines."( Synthesis and in vitro study of modified chitosan-polycaprolactam nanocomplex as delivery system.
Bidaki, K; Mohammadnejad, J; Narmani, A; Rezvani, M, 2018)		0.48
"Homeostasis around vascular endothelium is a function of the equilibrium between the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and oxidizing reactive oxygen species (ROS)."( Endothelial dysfunction, endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability, tetrahydrobiopterin, and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in cardiovascular disease. Where are we with therapy?
Ng, GA; Ng, LL; Yuyun, MF, 2018)		0.48
"It has been shown that encapsulation of dietary polyphenols leads to increased solubility and bioavailability of these micronutrients."( Encapsulation of micronutrients resveratrol, genistein, and curcumin by folic acid-PAMAM nanoparticles.
Chanphai, P; Tajmir-Riahi, HA, 2018)		0.48
" Micellized Dex demonstrated a 4 ∼ 5 fold longer elimination half-life and a 2 ∼ 3 folds higher bioavailability than commercial Dex injection."( Folate receptor-targeted mixed polysialic acid micelles for combating rheumatoid arthritis: in vitro and in vivo evaluation.
Chu, X; Fu, L; Hua, H; Li, N; Xu, C; Zeng, X; Zhang, N; Zhang, S; Zhao, Y, 2018)		0.48
" The aim of this review was to assess the bioavailability of various forms of folate supplements in healthy populations and animal models."( The Bioavailability of Various Oral Forms of Folate Supplementation in Healthy Populations and Animal Models: A Systematic Review.
Agrawal, N; Bayes, J; Schloss, J, 2019)		0.51
"A systematic literature review was conducted of original research, which assessed the bioavailability of different oral forms of folate in healthy adults or animal models."( The Bioavailability of Various Oral Forms of Folate Supplementation in Healthy Populations and Animal Models: A Systematic Review.
Agrawal, N; Bayes, J; Schloss, J, 2019)		0.51
" Only three studies found a statistically significant difference in folate bioavailability when evaluating different supplement forms."( The Bioavailability of Various Oral Forms of Folate Supplementation in Healthy Populations and Animal Models: A Systematic Review.
Agrawal, N; Bayes, J; Schloss, J, 2019)		0.51
" Quality absorption studies assessing the bioavailability of oral folate supplements are crucial if clinicians are to make effective evidence-based recommendations."( The Bioavailability of Various Oral Forms of Folate Supplementation in Healthy Populations and Animal Models: A Systematic Review.
Agrawal, N; Bayes, J; Schloss, J, 2019)		0.51
" However, CH suffers from a drawback of poor aqueous solubility and in turn poor bioavailability limiting its clinical utility."( Chrysin-loaded folate conjugated PF127-F68 mixed micelles with enhanced oral bioavailability and anticancer activity against human breast cancer cells.
Baidya, D; Kushwaha, J; Mahadik, K; Patil, S, 2019)		0.51
"To investigate the ingredients' bioavailability of the complex vitamin-mineral-trace element composition LaVita® we recruited healthy volunteers for six months and observed the changes of pregnancy relevant parameters by means of laboratory measures."( Potential of the multivitamin-mineral-trace element composition LaVita® before, during and after pregnancy.
Doerfler, D; Endler, TA; Mosgoeller, W; Muss, C, 2019)		0.51
"Folic acid (FA) is an essential micronutrient but its delivery and bioavailability is a problem due to its inherent instability at various conditions."( Encapsulation of folic acid in copper-alginate hydrogels and it's slow in vitro release in physiological pH condition.
Cabrera, MJF; Camacho, DH; Fajardo, TJMC; Lobregas, MOS; Uy, SJY, 2019)		0.51
" The % bioavailability in the unfortified parboiled rice was negligible as compared to Fe (14."( Effect of iron and folic acid fortification on in vitro bioavailability and starch hydrolysis in ready-to-eat parboiled rice.
Das, AJ; Green, BD; Hazarika, MK; Shooter, J; Wahengbam, ED, 2019)		0.51
" On the other hand, nanoparticles (NPs) based therapies are remarkably progressing to solve several limitations of conventional drug delivery systems (DDSs) including nonspecific biodistribution and targeting, poor water solubility, weak bioavailability and biodegradability, low pharmacokinetic properties, and so forth."( Folic acid functionalized nanoparticles as pharmaceutical carriers in drug delivery systems.
Abdi Goushbolagh, N; Amini, B; Darkhor, P; Farhood, B; Mohammadnejad, J; Narmani, A; Refahi, S; Rezvani, M, 2019)		0.51
" Achieving optimal nutritional status for preventing folate-related disease is challenging, however, primarily as a result of the poor stability and incomplete bioavailability of folate from natural food sources when compared with the synthetic vitamin form, folic acid."( Addressing optimal folate and related B-vitamin status through the lifecycle: health impacts and challenges.
Hoey, L; Hughes, CF; McNulty, H; Pentieva, K; Ward, M, 2019)		0.51
" According to the results of this study, the system can serve as a promising non-spherical delivery vehicle for enhancing bioavailability and targeting of hydrophobic anticancer agents in the future."( Flower-like curcumin-loaded folic acid-conjugated ZnO-MPA- βcyclodextrin nanostructures enhanced anticancer activity and cellular uptake of curcumin in breast cancer cells.
Fakhroueian, Z; Ghaffari, SB; Khorramizadeh, MR; Sarrafzadeh, MH, 2019)		0.51
" Ursolic acid (UA) as a natural product plays a pivotal role in anti-tumor field, although its performance is limited by low bioavailability and poor hydrophilicity."( Co-delivery of Bmi1 small interfering RNA with ursolic acid by folate receptor-targeted cationic liposomes enhances anti-tumor activity of ursolic acid
He, C; Khan, MW; Li, W; Liu, Y; Lu, Y; Xiang, G; Xu, C; Yan, R; Yang, T; Zhang, X, 2019)		0.51
" In vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed that oral PTX loaded in FA-F127-PLA polymersomes had a higher bioavailability than oral PTX loaded in PLA-F127-PLA polymersomes."( Folate-conjugated pluronic/polylactic acid polymersomes for oral delivery of paclitaxel.
Gong, YC; Li, YP; Li, ZL; Pan, XQ; Xiong, XY, 2019)		0.51
" The increased demand of these nutrients is not meet through diet alone due to decreased bioavailability of nutrients during pregnancy."( Magnitude and factors associated with adherence to Iron and folic acid supplementation among pregnant women in Aykel town, Northwest Ethiopia.
Abebe, SM; Assefa, H; Sisay, M, 2019)		0.51
" Hence, the pharmacokinetics of FA was conducted and showed that the administration of FA solution resulted in enhancing bioavailability of 5-methylTHF comparing with FA raw material suspension, whereas the free FA level in plasma was similar."( Folic acid and its metabolite codetermination for pharmacokinetics with circadian rhythms and evaluation of oral bioavailability.
Chen, W; Li, H; Meng, F; Shakya, S; Wang, C; Wu, L; Xu, J; Zhang, G; Zhang, J; Zhu, R, 2019)		0.51
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51
"75-fold increase in the bioavailability of GEF delivered from GEF/ZnO-FCL@GPMs as compared to its trademarked drug (Iressa®)."( Novel β-1,3-d-glucan porous microcapsule enveloped folate-functionalized liposomes as a Trojan horse for facilitated oral tumor-targeted co-delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs and quantum dots.
Li, X; Liu, Z; Wang, J; Xu, Y; Yang, Y; Zhang, Y; Zhao, Z, 2020)		0.56
"Owing to the widespread use of vitamin supplements to prevent and compensate for deficiencies, the equivalence of natural versus synthetic vitamins with respect to their bioavailability and metabolic influence is discussed controversially."( [Bioavailability of natural versus synthetic B vitamins and their effects on metabolic processes].
Cvirn, G; Fuchs, N; Lamont, E; Lindschinger, B; Lindschinger, M; Markolin, G; Schimetta, W; Schmid, I; Tatzber, F; Wonisch, W, 2020)		0.56
"We examined the impact of matrix food structure on post-prandial folate bioavailability (and other macronutrients) in human volunteers using a randomized, controlled, crossover experimental design."( Food matrix structure (from Biscuit to Custard) has an impact on folate bioavailability in healthy volunteers.
Batisse, C; Buffière, C; Dupont, D; Hiolle, M; Meunier, N; Nau, F; Pereira, B; Peyron, MA; Rémond, D; Richard, R; Savary-Auzeloux, I, 2021)		0.62
" The analysis of plasma kinetics of appearance of other nutrients/metabolites helps to understand/explain the lower bioavailability of folates in Custard and Biscuit."( Food matrix structure (from Biscuit to Custard) has an impact on folate bioavailability in healthy volunteers.
Batisse, C; Buffière, C; Dupont, D; Hiolle, M; Meunier, N; Nau, F; Pereira, B; Peyron, MA; Rémond, D; Richard, R; Savary-Auzeloux, I, 2021)		0.62
" In-vivo pharmacokinetic study revealed better absorption and long circulation of FPS and FAS, which further leads to increased relative bioavailability of drugs(13."( Fabrication and in vivo evaluation of ligand appended paclitaxel and artemether loaded lipid nanoparticulate systems for the treatment of NSCLC: A nanoparticle assisted combination oncotherapy.
Badanthadka, M; Chokshi, N; Khatri, H; Patel, BM; Patel, MM; Rawal, S, 2020)		0.56
" The FA-BSP-SA micelles distinctly improved the absolute bioavailability of Dox compared with the free Dox and the Dox/BSP-SA micelles (p < 0."( Doxorubicin-loaded folate-mediated pH-responsive micelle based on Bletilla striata polysaccharide: Release mechanism, cellular uptake mechanism, distribution, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor effects.
Guan, Q; Huang, L; Liu, Y; Wu, J; Zhang, G; Zhang, Z, 2020)		0.56
" Therefore, the proposed drug delivery system demonstrates the potential of a multifunctional nano-platform to enhance bioavailability and reduce the side effects of chemotherapy agents."( Paclitaxel-loaded and folic acid-modified PLGA nanomedicine with glutathione response for the treatment of lung cancer.
Luo, T; Qian, F; Que, Z; Tian, J; Yao, J; Yao, W; Yu, P; Zhang, Z; Zheng, D, 2021)		0.62
" However, low bioavailability restricts the clinical application of BA."( Activating caspase-8/Bid/ROS signaling to promote apoptosis of breast cancer cells by folate-modified albumin baicalin-loaded nanoparticles.
Cai, T; Cai, Y; Kong, Z; Lan, M; Li, L; Liu, F; Tian, H; Zou, T, 2022)		0.72
" Remarkably, DPPE-FA-DOX micelles improved DOX bioavailability by 7 fold and diminished plasma elimination with no sign of tissue toxicity compared to free DOX."( 1, 2-Dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamin (DPPE), doxorubicin and folic acid conjugated micelles for cancer management in tumor bearing BALB/c mice.
Bhagwat, DA; Uttekar, PS; Yadav, VD, 2021)		0.62
" In fortification of milk products, thermal processing, fermentation, and species differences in milk folate bioavailability are three additional factors that should be considered besides absolute difference in folate concentration between goat and human milk."( Role of fermented goat milk as a nutritional product to improve anemia.
Mirzaei, H; Sharafati Chaleshtori, R, 2022)		0.72
" Triptolide (TP) has anti-inflammatory properties, and it can protect the cartilage matrix, but its clinical application has been limited due to poor solubility, low bioavailability and systemic toxicity."( Folate-modified triptolide liposomes target activated macrophages for safe rheumatoid arthritis therapy.
Geng, HX; Guo, RB; Kong, L; Li, XT; Liu, Y; Wang, YJ; Wu, YN; Yan, DK; Yu, YJ; Zhang, XY, 2022)		0.72
"Baicalin (BAN) has attracted widespread attention due to its low-toxicity and efficient antitumor activity, but its poor water solubility and low bioavailability severely limit its clinical application."( Folic Acid Decorated Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (ZIF-8) Loaded with Baicalin as a Nano-Drug Delivery System for Breast Cancer Therapy.
Chang, X; Chen, X; Dong, M; Hu, M; Lu, J; Mi, X; Yang, Z; Zhan, X, 2021)		0.62
" Nanoparticles comprising antioxidant semi-conducting cores and encapsulated by biomaterials that are highly bioavailable can be promising therapeutic agents for inflammation and oxidative stress disorders studies."( In vitro cytotoxicity, macromolecular interaction and antioxidant potential of dual coated selenium nanoparticles.
Desai, K; Shinde, V, 2022)		0.72
" However, its bioavailability is limited due to its inherent instability at several conditions."( Enhanced cellular uptake, transport and oral bioavailability of optimized folic acid-loaded chitosan nanoparticles.
Anand, T; Fathima, E; Khanum, F; Naika, M; Nallamuthu, I, 2022)		0.72
"Optimizing folic acid supplementation is complex and depends on factors including dosage; type of supplement; bioavailability of folate from food, timing of initiating supplementation; and metabolic and genetic factors."( Guideline No. 427: Folic Acid and Multivitamin Supplementation for Prevention of Folic Acid-Sensitive Congenital Anomalies.
O'Connor, DL; Wilson, RD, 2022)		0.72
" The upper tolerable limit of folic acid is 1000 mcg per day; however, this level was determined to avoid masking a vitamin B12 deficiency and not based on folic acid bioavailability and metabolism."( Women Taking a Folic Acid Supplement in Countries with Mandatory Food Fortification Programs May Be Exceeding the Upper Tolerable Limit of Folic Acid: A Systematic Review.
Ledowsky, C; Mahimbo, A; Scarf, V; Steel, A, 2022)		0.72
" However, it has limited therapeutic application because of its low bioavailability and systemic toxicity if administered in free form."( Therapeutic potential of human serum albumin nanoparticles encapsulated actinonin in murine model of lung adenocarcinoma.
Ahlawat, P; Bal, A; Phutela, K; Sharma, S; Singh, N, 2022)		0.72
" Although iron bioavailability and absorption inhibitors were not considered for the present analyses, the distribution of Tablets or MNP had several advantages in this context where micronutrient deficiency remains high among pregnant women, but macronutrient intake is generally adequate or even high."( Differential Effects of Three Nutritional Supplements on the Nutrient Intake of Pregnant Women Enrolled in a Conditional Cash Transfer Program in Mexico: A Cluster Randomized Trial.
Fernández-Gaxiola, AC; García-Feregrino, R; García-Guerra, A; Gómez-Humarán, IM; Mejía-Rodríguez, F; Neufeld, LM; Quezada-Sánchez, AD, 2022)		0.72
" In vivo studies revealed that orally-administered INS/DFAN produced a significant reduction in blood glucose levels and further improved insulin bioavailability in type I diabetic rats compared to INS/FAN."( Dual crosslinking of folic acid-modified pectin nanoparticles for enhanced oral insulin delivery.
Cui, S; Fan, X; Gou, D; Pei, X; Peng, X; Song, C; Zhang, F; Zheng, X; Zhou, Y, 2022)		0.72
" However, insufficient responses to oral MTX at lower doses as well as increased variation of drug bioavailability and a deteriorated safety profile during dose escalation are regularly observed in patients."( Subcutaneous injection of methotrexate: Advantages in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Tanaka, Y, 2023)		0.91
" In conclusion, folic acid decorated chitosan nanoparticles improved the stability and bioavailability of proanthocyanidins in gastrointestinal digestion."( Synthesis, characterization and in vitro digestion of folate conjugated chitosan-loaded proanthocyanidins nanoparticles.
Bi, Y; Chen, W; Ding, Z; Jiang, F; Kong, F; Mo, M, 2023)		0.91
"Curcumin (CUR) is a promising natural compound in ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment, but limited by its low oral bioavailability and poor targeting ability."( Folic acid-modified lactoferrin nanoparticles coated with a laminarin layer loaded curcumin with dual-targeting for ulcerative colitis treatment.
Ayue, S; Chang, D; Dai, L; Gao, F; He, H; Luo, R; Qi, S; Ye, N; Ye, Y; Zhao, P, 2023)		0.91
"dietary diversity, consumption of intervention-promoted foods, practicing ways to enhance bioavailability and knowledge of iron-rich foods."( Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a virtual antenatal intervention for improved diet and iron intake in Kapilvastu district, Nepal: VALID.
Arjyal, A; Baral, SC; Bhattarai, S; Copas, A; Giri, S; Haghparast-Bidgoli, H; Harris-Fry, H; Hillman, S; Manandhar, S; Morrison, J; Saville, NM; Thapaliya, B, 2023)		0.91
" These studies included information on dietary methyl donors, dietary components that potentially modulate the bioavailability of methyl groups, genetic variants of methyl metabolizing enzymes, and/or markers of CpG island methylator phenotype and/or microsatellite instability, and their possible interactions on CRC risk."( Influence of methyl donor nutrients as epigenetic regulators in colorectal cancer: A systematic review of observational studies.
Arroyo-Izaga, M; Chávez-Hidalgo, LP; M de Pancorbo, M; Martín-Fernández-de-Labastida, S, 2023)		0.91
" Food preparation and processing operations affect contents and bioavailability of micronutrients in traditional dishes."( Nutrient retention in popular dishes based on Google Trends data in Hatay cuisine.
Güçlü, D; Öney, B; Yılmaz, SE, 2023)		0.91
" However, its poor solubility in water, inappropriate pharmacokinetics, and low bioavailability limit its use as an antitumor drug."( Effect of folic acid-linked chitosan-coated PLGA-based curcumin nanoparticles on the redox system of glioblastoma cancer cells.
Ghahremanloo, A; Ghoreyshi, N; Hashemy, SI; Homayouni Tabrizi, M; Javid, H, 2023)		0.91
"This investigation aimed to increase the bioavailability and anticancer effects of allicin (AC) by encapsulating it in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) decorated with chitosan (CS)-conjugated folic acid (FA)."( Preparation and Characterization of Allicin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Surface-Functionalized with Folic Acid-Bonded Chitosan:
Alyasiri, FJ; Ghobeh, M; Tabrizi, MH, 2023)		0.91

Dosage Studied

A high dosage of folic acid supplements throughout pregnancy reduces Hcy concentrations at the time of delivery. Fertile-age women are not able to get enough folate from their diet.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" During therapy with sulphasalazine, determination of acetylator phenotype and total sulphapyridine concentration can guide effective dosage and avoid side-effects."( Clinical pharmacokinetics of sulphasalazine.
Das, KM; Dubin, R, )		0.13
" Clinically the diagnosis may be difficult with sub acute combined degenration secondary to the pernicious anaemia, and the dosage of the folate (in serum, in red-cells and in cerebrospinal fluid) is necessary."( [Folate and the nervous system (author's transl)].
Audebert, M; Gendre, JP; Le Quintrec, Y, )		0.13
"4 ml and the folic acid to 200 microgram, and decreasing the ascorbic acid to 70 mg and vitamin B12 to 5 microgram/liter of TPN infusate, resulted in normal blood levels of all tested vitamins within two weeks after initiating TPN therapy, and normal blood levels were then maintained at this dosage for additional periods of time up to three weeks."( Vitamin requirements in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition.
Caldwell, MD; Meng, HC; Nichoalds, GE, 1977)		0.26
" Additional dosage of vitamins compensated the biochemical B6 deficit and had an accelerating effect on heme synthesis."( [The treatment of anemia due to iron-deficiency with iron combined with vitamins (author's transl)].
Kurz, R; Reinken, L, 1978)		0.26
" The dose-response curve for survival was used to determine the LC50 of the compound."( A method for detecting carcinogenic organic chemicals using mammalian cells in culture.
Styles, JA, 1977)		0.26
" Although phenytoin dosage remained relatively constant, plasma phenytoin concentrations during pregnancy were significantly lower than nonpregnant concentrations."( Hematologic effects of phenytoin therapy during pregnancy.
Ramsay, RE; Strauss, RG; Wilder, BJ; Willmore, LJ, 1978)		0.26
" At a dosage of 6 mg/kg q1d X 5 against solid tumors, the relative tumor volumes (treated/control X 100%) were 12%/41% for Sarcoma 180, 16%/31% for Taper liver tumor, and 20%/30% for Ehrlich ascites carcinoma."( Antitumor properties of a new folate analog, 10-deaza-aminopterin, in mice.
DeGraw, JI; Dorick, DM; Moccio, DM; Sirotnak, FM, 1978)		0.26
" The parenteral administration of folic acid and vitamin B12 in adequate dosage did not alter these changes."( Nuclear abnormalities of marrow normoblasts as a normal occurrence in laboratory baboons in Kenya.
Davies, JD; Newson, J, 1975)		0.25
" This combination showed at least equal efficiency as preparation ES in spite of a smaller iron dosage and was well tolerated without exception."( [Treatment of anemia in pregnancy].
Hilgarth, M; Steiner, H, 1977)		0.26
" Results indicate that the method should be usful in the future in assisting individualization of dosage regimens and in the study of the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of MTX in cancer patients."( A radioimmunoassay for methotrexate and its comparison with spectrofluorimetric procedures.
Blum, MR; Loeffler, LJ; Nelsen, MA, 1976)		0.26
"Cholestyramine in a mean dosage of 0-6 g/kg/day has been given to 18 children with familial hypercholesterolaemia for between one and two and a half years."( The effect of cholestyramine on intestinal absorption.
Lloyd, JK; West, RJ, 1975)		0.25
" Although our findings do not provide clear evidence of a protective effect of folic acid supplementation they are consistent with those of the Medical Research Council (MRC) trial which demonstrated the efficacy of folic acid in preventing recurrence of NTDs and they raise the possibility that folic acid may be protective at a much lower dosage than that used in the MRC trial."( A randomised trial of low dose folic acid to prevent neural tube defects. The Irish Vitamin Study Group.
Daly, LE; Elwood, JH; Kirke, PN, 1992)		0.28
" Direct pfxa3 diagnosis for the 135 females within these 222 additional cases was confirmed by dosage analysis with the control probe pS8."( Experience with direct molecular diagnosis of fragile X.
Chapman, CJ; Donnelly, A; Gardner, RJ; Gedeon, AK; Loesch, D; Mulley, JC; Richards, RI; Sutherland, GR; Turner, G; Yu, S, 1992)		0.28
" Dosage must be adjusted to the results of blood counts."( [Usefulness of folinic acid in cytopenia induced by antiparasitic drugs in AIDS patients].
Leport, C; Niyongabo, T; Vildé, JL, 1991)		0.28
" The syndrome appears to be associated with high dosage and slow acetylator status."( Sulphasalazine associated pancytopenia may be caused by acute folate deficiency.
Logan, EC; Ryrie, DR; Williamson, LM, 1986)		0.27
" The increases in the requirement of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-methyl-THF) by the resistant sublines were more pronounced than PGA requirement, moving the dose-response curve nearly 3 log orders in magnitude to the right."( Folate requirements of methotrexate-resistant human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines.
Holland, JF; Kano, Y; Ohnuma, T, 1986)		0.27
"5 microM at 5 hours, respectively, after termination of CF dosing in all subjects treated at the 800- and 1600-mg dose schedule."( Bioavailability of high-dose oral leucovorin.
Adelstein, DJ; Blum, MR; Giroski, P; Hines, JD; Rustum, YM; Zakem, MH, 1987)		0.27
" Studies with various dose levels of ethanol in rats showed that there was a linear dose-response relationship between the total urinary folate excretion and the dose of ethanol."( Study of dose-dependence and urinary folate excretion produced by ethanol in humans and rats.
Collins, TD; McMartin, KE; Redetzki, HM; Shiao, CQ; Vidrine, L, 1986)		0.27
" The results suggest a dose-response relationship among anticonvulsants, folate, and adverse pregnancy outcome."( Anticonvulsants, folate levels, and pregnancy outcome: a prospective study.
Andermann, E; Andermann, F; Dansky, LV; Rosenblatt, D; Sherwin, AL, 1987)		0.27
" A significant positive trend for prevalence of cyanide-related symptoms measured against levels of exposure was demonstrated, supporting a dose-response effect."( Cyanide intoxication among silver-reclaiming workers.
Bernard, B; Blanc, P; Hessl, S; Hogan, M; Hryhorczuk, D; Mallin, K, 1985)		0.27
" The patient relapsed after an erroneous iatrogenic tripling of the levothyroxine dosage, but her condition normalized after dosage correction."( Acute organic psychosis caused by thyrotoxicosis and vitamin B12 deficiency: case report.
Ewald, H; Lassen, E, 1985)		0.27
" None of the dosing regimens caused toxicological manifestations other than hepatomegaly."( Alteration of bone marrow cell cycle kinetics by diphenylhydantoin: relationship to folate utilization and immune function.
Boorman, GA; Hong, L; Luster, MI; Pung, O; Tucker, AN, 1985)		0.27
" In the dilution and dosage unit based on the continuous-flow principle, vitamin samples were diluted to two different dose levels at a rate of 40 per hr, mixed with the inoculated test broth, and dispensed into culture tubes."( Semiautomated method for microbiological vitamin assays.
Behagel, HA; Berg, TM, 1972)		0.25
" Neither homovanillic acid nor 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations changed significantly when 15 mg folic acid was given in divided dosage for one, two, and four weeks."( Effect of folic acid by mouth on cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentration.
Barnes, J; Curzon, G; Duncan, C; Hunter, R; Kantamaneni, BD, 1971)		0.25
" Fibroblast cultures from 10 retarded males expressed fra(X) in a dose-response relationship to increasing concentrations of FUdR."( Cytogenetic investigations in mentally retarded and normal males from 14 families with the fragile site at Xq28. Results of folic acid treatment on fra(X) expression.
Nielsen, KB; Tommerup, N, 1984)		0.27
" Dose-response curves indicated that pectin, lignin and alginate significantly reduced chick growth at all levels of dietary folacin."( Effects of dietary fiber on the bioavailability of folic acid monoglutamate.
Damron, BL; Gregory, JF; Ristow, KA, 1982)		0.26
" Patients are referred to the hematologist in the following situations: 1) Therapy is ineffective for one of the following reasons: the hypochromic anemia is not caused by iron deficiency (hemoglobinopathies); iron is less efficiently used because of transferrin deficiency or infectious, inflammatory or cancerous disease; iron therapy is inadequate either because of insufficient dosage or of suboptimal duration."( [Iron-deficiency anemia. Hematologist's viewpoint].
Cramer, P; Schaison, G; Tobelem, G, 1982)		0.26
" The influence of trace-nutrient-binding proteins on the growth of coliforms, streptococci and lactobacilli in the gastrointestinal tract was examined in neonatal rabbits delivered germ-free and dosed with an artificial flora (ESL), or born conventionally and dosed with ESL or rabbit faeces."( Trace-nutrient-binding proteins in milk and the growth of bacteria in the gut of infant rabbits.
Coates, ME; Cole, CB; Ford, JE; Fuller, R; Henschel, MJ; Scott, KJ, 1983)		0.27
" Due to the increase in tonic-clonic seizures after the initiation of folic acid (1 mg, orally) the sodium phenytoin dosage was increased by 130 mg until control was achieved."( Phenytoin and folic acid: individualized drug-drug interaction.
Berg, MJ; Fischer, LJ; Rivey, MP; Schottelius, DD; Vern, BA, 1983)		0.27
" A cross-sectional analysis of items such as designs, patient sampling principles, recording of effect parameters and side effects, concomitant treatments, and statistical evaluations demonstrated that cross-over designs, investigating fixed dosage schedules, were extensively used."( Controlled trials in epilepsy: a review.
Bentsen, KD; Flachs, H; Gram, L; Parnas, J, 1982)		0.26
" From these observations, we conclude that there is a predictable relationship between the dosage of folic acid and the abnormalities of morphologic features and function in this model of kidney injury."( Folic acid-induced renal injury and repair. Correlation of structural and functional abnormalities.
Anderson, RE; Evan, AP; Klingler, EL, 1980)		0.26
"About 70% of the radioactivity retained in the livers of rats dosed 48 h earlier with radioactively labelled folate was incorporated into two folate conjugates."( The identification of the folate conjugates found in rat liver 48 h after the administration of radioactively labelled folate tracers.
Blair, JA; Connor, MJ, 1980)		0.26
" Some investigators recommend givng this dosage to women, who experience abnormal tryptophan metabolism, while others warn that the long-term effects of such high dosages are unknown."( Nutritional effects of oral contraceptive use: a review.
Webb, JL, 1980)		0.26
" In vitro exposure of fetal limbs to various doses of 9-mePGA resulted in a significant increase in the accumulation of labeled GAG by fetal forelimbs at the high and intermediate dosage levels."( In vitro effects of the teratogen and folic acid antagonist, 9-methyl pteroylglutamic acid, on glycosaminoglycan accumulation in fetal rat limbs.
Abbott, K; Cotler, JM; Schmidt, RR, 1982)		0.26
" The methionine-supplemented group had significant decreases in FIGLU excretion after dosing with the folacin derivatives."( Utilization of administered folacin derivatives by rats fed a diet low in methionine and folacin.
Farnworth, ER; Hill, DC, 1980)		0.26
"The effects of long term, low dosage anticonvulsant drug therapy on the vitamin D and folacin status of young children was studied."( Folic acid and vitamin D status of young children receiving minimal anticonvulsant drug therapy.
Bailey, LB; Enneking-Ivey, O; Gawley, L; Hananian, J; Hurd, R, 1981)		0.26
"The metabolism of 2-[14C]-folic acid, 2-[14C]-5-methyltetrahydrofolate 5-[14C]-methyltetrahydrofolate, and a mixture of 2-[14C]-folic acid and 3',5',7,9-[3H]-folic acid has been studied in rats that were dosed with methotrexate (MTX) 24 h before receiving the radioactive folate."( The effect of methotrexate on folate metabolism in the rat.
Barford, PA; Blair, JA; Malghani, MA, 1980)		0.26
" Haemoglobin concentration as well as haematocrit value and red blood cell count were highest in rats which received the full dosage of both riboflavin and folic acid."( Effect of riboflavin and folic acid supplementation on some haematopoietic parameters in the rat.
Dako, DY; Hill, DC, 1980)		0.26
" Folates excreted in the urine of rats dosed previously with mixtures of 14C- and 3H-labelled folate derivatives are apparently 3H enriched, that is contain more 3H than 14C relative to the dosed compound."( Secondary isotope effects in studies using radiolabelled folate tracers.
Blair, JA; Connor, MJ; Said, H, 1980)		0.26
"Using data from a recent case-control study, a woman's risk of having a child with a neural tube defect (NTD) was found to be associated with early pregnancy red cell folate levels in a continuous dose-response relationship."( Folate levels and neural tube defects. Implications for prevention.
Daly, LE; Kirke, PN; Molloy, A; Scott, JM; Weir, DG, 1995)		0.29
" There was a strong dose-response relationship between midtrimester serum MMA level and the risk for an NTD-affected pregnancy, with the relative risk increasing 13-fold for women with MMA levels > 90th percentile."( Elevated midtrimester serum methylmalonic acid levels as a risk factor for neural tube defects.
Adams, MJ; Cheek, JE; Haddow, JE; Henry, JP; Khoury, MJ; Knight, GJ; Scanlon, KS; Stabler, SP; Stevenson, RE; Sylvester, GC, 1995)		0.29
" Continuous subcutaneous infusion at the same total dosage over 3 days gave AUC (0-96 hr) values of 134 nmol/mg protein."( Leucovorin and folic acid regimens for selective expansion of murine 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate pools.
Alperin, W; Pardo, M; Rosowsky, A; Sayeed-Shah, U; Wright, JE, 1995)		0.29
" Apart from determination of titre by indirect ELISA, dose-response behaviour and specificity of these antisera were also compared."( Antibody to folic acid: increased specificity and sensitivity in ELISA by using epsilon-aminocaproic acid modified BSA as the carrier protein.
Ali, E; Das Sarma, J; Dhar, TK; Duttagupta, C, 1995)		0.29
" A possible explanation for the increased sensitivity to methotrexate which has been documented in patients with Down syndrome may be due to imbalances in nucleotide pools which result from a gene dosage effect and to greater methylation demands."( In vivo folic acid supplementation partially corrects in vitro methotrexate toxicity in patients with Down syndrome.
Lejeune, J; Peeters, MA; Rethore, MO, 1995)		0.29
" An appropriate dosing regimen (consecutive doses of VPA on Day 9 of gestation) can also result in a low incidence of spina bifida aperta and a high incidence of spina bifida occulta in the mouse."( Valproic acid-induced neural tube defects.
Nau, H, 1994)		0.29
" (4) Research is needed on the dose-response relationship between folic acid and neural tube defect prevention and the mechanism of action."( Folic acid and neural tube defects: the current evidence and implications for prevention.
Wald, NJ, 1994)		0.29
" In spite of common gene dosage effects, unexpected and highly significant differences were noted between Down's syndrome patients without complications and those presenting with additional psychotic features."( Differences in purine metabolism in patients with Down's syndrome.
Cattaneo, F; Lejeune, J; Megarbane, A; Peeters, MA; Rethore, MO, 1993)		0.29
" Specific risk factors include high maternal daily dosage or serum concentrations of AED, low folate levels, polytherapy, and generalized seizures during pregnancy."( Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs: implications for the management of epilepsy in women of childbearing age.
Lindhout, D; Omtzigt, JG, 1994)		0.29
" Changes in hepatic enzymes have been seen with both drugs, and are also seen with other anti-folates including MTX, but these changes settle with repeat dosing and with cessation of treatment."( The history of the development and clinical use of CB 3717 and ICI D1694.
Clarke, SJ; Jackman, AL; Judson, IR, 1993)		0.29
" The recommended dosage of folic acid is not known to be associated with adverse effects."( Recommendations on the use of folic acid supplementation to prevent the recurrence of neural tube defects. Clinical Teratology Committee, Canadian College of Medical Geneticists.
Allanson, J; Andermann, E; Dallaire, L; Fraser, FC; Friedman, JM; McLeod, DR; Van Allen, MI, 1993)		0.29
"The increased embryotoxicity of pyrimethamine (PYM) with concomitant oral dosing of folic acid (FA) was examined in rats."( Synergistic embryotoxicity of combination pyrimethamine and folic acid in rats.
Chung, MK; Han, SS; Roh, JK, )		0.13
" In the dose-response range studied there was no apparent affinity for methotrexate."( Purification and characterization of folate binding proteins from rat placenta.
da Costa, M; Rothenberg, SP, 1996)		0.29
" Even if serum concentrations are within the normal range, the administration of folic acid will enhance the effectiveness of rhEPO therapy so that the rhEPO dosage can be reduced."( Folic acid supplementation improves erythropoietin response.
Pronai, W; Riegler-Keil, M; Silberbauer, K; Stockenhuber, F, 1995)		0.29
" We question the wisdom of fortifying foods with folate at this time, given a variety of uncertainties, which include the following: 1) the fact that neural tube defects seem to be a multifactorial group of disorders that are polygenic as well, so folate will not help in all or perhaps even in most cases; 2) the incidence of NTDs, which varies geographically, has been decreasing in the United States for years; 3) fortifying more food with folate may pose safety concerns for some not as risk for NTDs; 4) no dose-response relationship has been established between folate and NTDs; and 5) fortification in this case would represent a conceptually new intervention strategy for addressing what may be a metabolic abnormality where pharmacological doses of a nutrient may be required."( Fortification of the food supply with folic acid to prevent neural tube defects is not yet warranted.
Gaull, GE; Testa, CA; Thomas, PR; Weinreich, DA, 1996)		0.29
" Optimization of the folic acid content in the diet and of the lometrexol dosage are predicted to have substantial impact on the clinical activity of this class of drugs."( Augmentation of the therapeutic activity of lometrexol -(6-R)5,10-dideazatetrahydrofolate- by oral folic acid.
Alati, T; Bewley, JR; Grindey, GB; Lewis, S; Moran, RG; Shih, C; Worzalla, JF, 1996)		0.29
" However, the optimum dose and dosage regimen remains to be defined."( Autologous blood donation plus epoetin alfa in nonanemic orthopedic surgery patients.
Baudoux, E, 1996)		0.29
"Although not statistically significant, the RR for folate supplementation on the risk of neoplasia is < 1 and shows a dose-response effect, consistent with previous studies."( The effect of folic acid supplementation on the risk for cancer or dysplasia in ulcerative colitis.
Brzezinski, A; Knesebeck, A; Lashner, BA; Provencher, KS; Seidner, DL, 1997)		0.3
" We identified clear dose-response relationships for both plasma folate and homocysteine with increased quintile of breakfast cereal and of fruit and vegetable use."( Dietary intake pattern relates to plasma folate and homocysteine concentrations in the Framingham Heart Study.
Rosenberg, IH; Selhub, J; Tucker, KL; Wilson, PW, 1996)		0.29
"RCF levels decrease during MTX treatment and relate to side effects, withdrawals, liver enzyme elevations and aberrant MTX dosage increase, but not to the therapeutic effect."( Prospectively measured red cell folate levels in methotrexate treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis: relation to withdrawal and side effects.
Andersen, LS; Hansen, EL; Hansen, GV; Hansen, TM; Knudsen, JB; Wester, JU, 1997)		0.3
" The purpose of the study was to determine the dose-response effects of olestra on fat-soluble vitamins and selected water-soluble micronutrients."( Olestra dose response on fat-soluble and water-soluble nutrients in the pig.
Berry, DA; Cooper, DA; King, D; Kiorpes, AL; Peters, JC; Spendel, VA, 1997)		0.3
" Serum creatinine concentrations increased significantly during trimethoprim therapy, began to decrease near day 10, and returned to baseline during the washout phase at both dosage levels."( Effects of moderate-dose versus high-dose trimethoprim on serum creatinine and creatinine clearance and adverse reactions.
Bertino, JS; Naderer, O; Nafziger, AN, 1997)		0.3
" The dosage of these two substances help to differenciate between both carencies, but it is not determinant of any of them and is an expensive method."( [Megaloblastic anemia: rapid and economical study].
Cicchetti, G; Marín, GH; Tentoni, J, 1997)		0.3
" Animals were sacrificed both early and late (7 days) after dosing to determine the long-term retention of these compounds."( Whole-body disposition and polyglutamate distribution of the GAR formyltransferase inhibitors LY309887 and lometrexol in mice: effect of low-folate diet.
Chay, SH; Habeck, LL; Mendelsohn, LG; Pohland, RC; Shih, C; Worzalla, JF, 1998)		0.3
"High intake of folate may reduce risk for colon cancer, but the dosage and duration relations and the impact of dietary compared with supplementary sources are not well understood."( Multivitamin use, folate, and colon cancer in women in the Nurses' Health Study.
Colditz, GA; Fuchs, C; Giovannucci, E; Hunter, DJ; Rosner, BA; Speizer, FE; Stampfer, MJ; Willett, WC, 1998)		0.3
"We discuss various statistical approaches useful in the analysis of nutritional dose-response data with a continuous response."( Statistical models for quantitative bioassay.
Clifford, AJ; Facer, MR; Müller, HG, 1998)		0.3
"Data collected included mechanism of action, safety issues, dosing recommendations, compliance with recommendations, and economics."( Drug and environmental factors associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Part III: Folic acid: pharmacology, therapeutic recommendations, and economics.
Berg, MJ; Lewis, DP; Stumbo, PJ; Van Dyke, DC, 1998)		0.3
" This study further shows that Chemiron has a better haematological effect than Ferrous Gluconate at the dosage used."( The effect of 61 days of combined iron (Chemiron) and single iron therapy on haemoglobin, packed cell volume, platelets and reticulocytes during pregnancy. Preliminary report.
Ajayi, GO; Fadiran, EO, 1998)		0.3
" In this study, cells overexpressing the wild type Galpha4 gene, due to high copy gene dosage (Galpha4HC), were found to be defective in the ability to form the anterior prestalk cell region, express prespore- and prestalk-cell specific genes, and undergo spore formation."( Folic acid stimulation of the Galpha4 G protein-mediated signal transduction pathway inhibits anterior prestalk cell development in Dictyostelium.
Hadwiger, JA; Srinivasan, J, 1999)		0.3
" We conclude that a supraphysiological dose of folic acid is superior to standard multivitamin dosing for the reduction of fasting tHcy levels in chronic RTRs."( Enhanced reduction of fasting total homocysteine levels with supraphysiological versus standard multivitamin dose folic acid supplementation in renal transplant recipients.
Beaulieu, AJ; Bostom, AG; Gohh, RY; Hakas, D; Han, H; Jacques, PF; Selhub, J, 1999)		0.3
" A significant dose-response relationship between serum folate concentrations and risk of recurrent early pregnancy loss suggested a protective effect by high serum folate concentrations."( Homocysteine and folate levels as risk factors for recurrent early pregnancy loss.
Blom, HJ; den Heijer, M; Eskes, TK; Nelen, WL; Steegers, EA; Thomas, CM, 2000)		0.31
" Urticaria developed during graded oral test dosing with leucovorin."( In vitro demonstration of IgE antibody to folate-albumin in anaphylaxis from folic acid.
Dykewicz, MS; Orfan, NA; Sun, W, 2000)		0.31
" A wide variety of dosing regimens were used for folic acid supplementation."( The use of folic acid supplementation in psoriasis patients receiving methotrexate: a survey in the United Kingdom.
Chalmers, RJ; Griffiths, CE; Kirby, B; Lyon, CC, 2000)		0.31
" Treatment of folate-replete or deficient WTK1 and TK6 cells with increasing concentrations (0-50microg/ml) of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) resulted in significantly different HPRT mutation dose-response relationships (P<0."( The effect of folate deficiency on the cytotoxic and mutagenic responses to ethyl methanesulfonate in human lymphoblastoid cell lines that differ in p53 status.
Branda, RF; Brooks, EM; Nicklas, JA; O'Neill, JP; Trombley, LM, 2001)		0.31
" Homocysteine reduction is known to be maximal at a folic acid dosage of 1 mg/d, but the effect of lower doses (relevant to food fortification) is unclear."( Randomized trial of folic acid supplementation and serum homocysteine levels.
Bishop, L; Hennessy, E; Law, M; McPartlin, J; Scott, J; Wald, DS; Wald, NJ; Weir, D, 2001)		0.31
" Food folate intake had an inverse dose-response relation with tHcy that was limited to nonusers of supplements."( Association of folate intake and serum homocysteine in elderly persons according to vitamin supplementation and alcohol use.
Allen, RH; Baumgartner, RN; Garry, PJ; Koehler, KM; Rimm, EB; Stabler, SP, 2001)		0.31
" We evaluated prospectively the effect of increasing the folic acid dosage from 1 to 6 mg per dialysis on plasma total homocysteine levels of haemodialysis patients with and without a history of occlusive vascular artery disease (OVD)."( Difference in the homocysteine-lowering effect of folic acid in haemodialysis patients with and without occlusive vascular disease.
Bersier, LF; Boulat, O; Descombes, E; Fellay, G, 2001)		0.31
" A placebo-controlled study with a dose-response suggests that based on the micronucleus index in lymphocytes, an RDI level of 700microgram/day for folic acid and 7microgram/day for Vitamin B12 would be appropriate for genomic stability in young adults."( The role of folic acid and Vitamin B12 in genomic stability of human cells.
Fenech, M, 2001)		0.31
" Different shapes of the dose-response relationship were seen for the 3 vascular disease categories."( Plasma total cysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease: The European Concerted Action Project.
El-Khairy, L; Graham, IM; Refsum, H; Ueland, PM; Vollset, SE, 2001)		0.31
" A curvilinear relationship exists between these cofactors and tHcy levels, with the dose-response relationship shifted to the right in the weight loss group."( Elevated homocysteine levels with weight loss after Lap-Band surgery: higher folate and vitamin B12 levels required to maintain homocysteine level.
Dixon, JB; Dixon, ME; O'Brien, PE, 2001)		0.31
" There is an altered dose-response relationship with higher serum B(12) and folate levels required to maintain recommended tHcy levels."( Elevated homocysteine levels with weight loss after Lap-Band surgery: higher folate and vitamin B12 levels required to maintain homocysteine level.
Dixon, JB; Dixon, ME; O'Brien, PE, 2001)		0.31
"05) with three vitamin dosages weekly, but not with one dosage weekly."( Homocyst(e)ine metabolism in hemodialysis patients treated with vitamins B6, B12 and folate.
Graefe, U; Henning, BF; Riezler, R; Tepel, M; Zidek, W, 2001)		0.31
" Clinical signs of regression of the orbital inflammation, visual acuity, dosage and duration of methotrexate therapy, requirement for concurrent corticosteroid administration, and adverse drug reactions were recorded."( A role for methotrexate in the management of non-infectious orbital inflammatory disease.
Rosenbaum, JT; Smith, JR, 2001)		0.31
" These results highlight the problems of dose uniformity and the potential health risks of slow dissolution and under-dosing in commercially available folic acid dosage forms."( Commercially available folic acid supplements and their compliance with the British Pharmacopoeia test for dissolution.
Allison, S; Ashton, T; Davies, B; Malhi, JS; McGuire, DN; Sculthorpe, NF, 2001)		0.31
"0 micromol of HCY/per embryo could disturb their heart development and differentiation of blood vessels at fetal ages of two and four days, in a dose-response pattern, with 24."( [Effects of homocysteine on cardiovascular development in early chicken embryo].
Chen, X; Li, S; Li, Y; Li, Z; Qi, P, 1999)		0.3
"This trial sought to examine the effects of high dosage of folic acid and vitamin C supplementation on red blood cell folate (RCF), serum folate (SF) and homocysteine (Hcy) levels in subjects who smoke more than 15 cigarettes per day."( Effect of folic acid and vitamin C supplementation on folate status and homocysteine level: a randomised controlled trial in Italian smoker-blood donors.
Cafolla, A; Costante, A; De Luca, AM; Dragoni, F; Funaro, D; Girelli, G; Scott, CS; Tosti, ME, 2002)		0.31
" The results of preformulation studies enabled detection of drug-excipients interactions and selection of compatible excipient system to the given drug composition to formulate dosage form of required stability, processability and effectiveness."( [Formulation of tablets decreasing plasma homocysteine levels].
Budavári, Z, 2001)		0.31
" In this report, we describe a woman with primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome who developed extensive pulmonary embolism despite receiving a proven therapeutic dosage of low molecular weight heparin."( Low-molecular weight heparin: treatment failure in a patient with primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.
Ahmed, S; Karim, A; Mattana, J; Patel, D; Siddiqui, R, 2002)		0.31
" Apart from recurrence prevention, where a dose of 4mg/day is recommended, no standard dosing guidelines exist."( [Folic acid and prevention of anomalies of foetal neural tube closing in women treated for epilepsy].
Dib, M; Weber, M, 2003)		0.32
" Three divided doses of FA on GD 7 and continuous dosing of FA from GD 5 through GD 10 substantially reduced the VPA-induced exencephaly in the fetuses."( Amelioration of sodium valproate-induced neural tube defects in mouse fetuses by maternal folic acid supplementation during gestation.
Padmanabhan, R; Shafiullah, MM, 2003)		0.32
" We conducted a long-term study to evaluate whether 15 mg is more effective than 5 mg oral folic acid as a daily dosage to decrease hyperhomocysteinemia, and to assess whether homocysteine-lowering treatment reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients."( Effects of folic acid treatment on homocysteine levels and vascular disease in hemodialysis patients.
Ferrario, GM; La Rosa, L; Milani, S; Righetti, M; Serbelloni, P; Sessa, A; Uccellini, M, 2003)		0.32
" From the dose-response curve, the adequate daily dose of folic acid was estimated to be 392 micro g, which decreased plasma homocysteine concentrations 22%."( Folic acid and reduction of plasma homocysteine concentrations in older adults: a dose-response study.
Brouwer, IA; Clarke, R; Katan, MB; Melse-Boonstra, A; van Oort, FV; Verhoef, P; West, CE, 2003)		0.32
" Despite uncertainty about the efficacy of periconceptional folate supplementation in WWE, these women should receive such supplementation at dosage levels recommended for the general population of women of childbearing age."( Clinical care of pregnant women with epilepsy: neural tube defects and folic acid supplementation.
Yerby, MS, 2003)		0.32
" Dosing schedules that include a nitrate-free period often fail to ameliorate the development of nitrate tolerance, and, in fact, can result in an increase in rebound ischemia."( Organic nitrate tolerance and endothelial dysfunction: role of folate therapy.
Leopold, JA; Loscalzo, J, 2003)		0.32
" This complication is normally rare when small dosages of the drug are used, but a high incidence of the neuropathy has recently been observed in East Africa in a group of malnourished tuberculous patients receiving isoniazid in comparatively low dosage (4-6 mg/kg body-weight daily)."( Peripheral neuritis due to isoniazid.
ANDREWS, RH; DEVADATTA, S; FOX, W; GANGADHARAM, PR; RAMAKRISHNAN, CV; SELKON, JB; VELU, S, 1960)		0.24
"The intestinal absorption of folic acid in patients with idiopathic steatorrhea was studied by the oral administration of tritium-labelled folic acid in a dosage of 15 mug."( INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF TRITUM-LABELLED FOLIC ACID IN IDIOPATHIC STEATORRHEA: EFFECT OF A GLUTENFREE DIET.
BURGEN, AS; CAMERON, DG; JOHNS, DG; KINNEAR, DG; MACINTOSH, PC, 1963)		0.24
" In the first case, prednisolone in a dosage of 20 mg."( HEMATOLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS OF PHENYLBUTAZONE THERAPY: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND REPORT OF TWO CASES.
CHALMERS, TM; MCCARTHY, DD, 1964)		0.24
" In addition, a significant dose-response relation between plasma folate concentrations and risk for schizophrenia suggested a protective effect by high plasma folate concentrations."( Homocysteine metabolism and B-vitamins in schizophrenic patients: low plasma folate as a possible independent risk factor for schizophrenia.
Blom, H; Ellenbroek, B; Eskes, T; Muntjewerff, JW; Steegers, E; van der Put, N; Zitman, F, 2003)		0.32
"2 mg/kg, providing 360 microg daily per capita, an acceptable dosage for preventing the occurrence of some neural tube defect (NTD) cases."( Preliminary data on changes in neural tube defect prevalence rates after folic acid fortification in South America.
Castilla, EE; Dutra, Mda G; Lopez-Camelo, JS; Nazer-Herrera, J; Orioli, IM, 2003)		0.32
" We apply our methods to new data regarding the analysis of the level of 14C-folate in plasma as a function of time since dosing of healthy adults with a small tracer dose of 14C-folic acid."( Shrinkage estimation for functional principal component scores with application to the population kinetics of plasma folate.
Buchholz, BA; Clifford, AJ; Dueker, SR; Follett, J; Lin, Y; Müller, HG; Vogel, JS; Yao, F, 2003)		0.32
" Starting at a plasma homocysteine concentration of approximately 10 micromol/l, the risk increase follows a linear dose-response relationship with no specific threshold level."( DACH-LIGA homocystein (german, austrian and swiss homocysteine society): consensus paper on the rational clinical use of homocysteine, folic acid and B-vitamins in cardiovascular and thrombotic diseases: guidelines and recommendations.
Dierkes, J; Fowler, B; Geisel, J; Herrmann, W; Pietrzik, K; Stanger, O; Weger, M, 2003)		0.32
" Therefore, these observations indicated that the dosage adjustment may be necessary for tolbutamide in patients with renal insufficiency."( Pharmacokinetics of tolbutamide after oral administration to rabbits with folate-induced renal failure.
Choi, JS; Shin, SC, 2003)		0.32
" for 3 additional months, while the FOL dosage was constant."( Intravenous administration of vitamin B12 in the treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia associated with end-stage renal disease.
Alivanis, P; Arvanitis, A; Ganotakis, ES; Maliaraki, N; Margioris, AN; Papadakis, JA; Sratigis, S; Stilianou, K; Vardakis, KE; Vrentzos, GE, )		0.13
" However, at 1 week after the administration of a single dosage 6[R,S] 5-MTHF, we detected 6[R] 5-MTHF following the administration of folic acid, indicating storage of this isomer in the body."( Pharmacokinetic study on the utilisation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and folic acid in patients with coronary artery disease.
Aengevaeren, WR; Blom, HJ; Boers, GH; Verheugt, FW; Willems, FF, 2004)		0.32
" The other report is of anemia due to iron deficiency treated successfully with ferrous sulfate in a dosage twenty times that previously used prophylactically."( Treatment of nutritional anemia in infants.
STURGEON, P, 1952)		0.23
" We recommend a pragmatic dosing schedule of 5 mg of oral folic acid given on the morning following the day of MTX administration."( Folate supplementation and methotrexate treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: a review.
Hughes, RA; Whittle, SL, 2004)		0.32
" There was no difference in Hcy reduction following the administration of either high or low dosage of vitamins B6 and B12 utilized in the present study."( Comparative study of response to treatment with supraphysiologic doses of B-vitamins in hyperhomocysteinemic hemodialysis patients.
Abassi, Z; Brenner, B; Green, J; Khankin, E; Lanir, N; Nakhoul, F; Plawner, M; Ramadan, R, 2004)		0.32
" The efficacy of a 30 days treatment with STRESSEN was evaluated through dosage of this amino acid and through a questionnaire on the general state of health."( ["STRESSEN" in the treatment of psycho-physical stress and hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with migraine without aura].
Di Sabato, F, 2004)		0.32
" Starting at a plasma homocysteine concentration of approximately 10 micromol/l, the risk increase follows a linear dose-response relationship with no specific threshold level."( Clinical use and rational management of homocysteine, folic acid, and B vitamins in cardiovascular and thrombotic diseases.
Dierkes, J; Fowler, B; Geisel, J; Herrmann, W; Pietrzik, K; Stanger, O; Weger, M, 2004)		0.32
" The investigation of the dose-response effects of B vitamin supplementation on cognition and mood in middle-aged men and women using objective measures of cognition and accounting for the influence of confounding factors such age and education would be informative."( Associations between dietary intake of folate and vitamins B-12 and B-6 and self-reported cognitive function and psychological well-being in Australian men and women in midlife.
Bryan, J; Calvaresi, E, 2004)		0.32
" Dose-response relationships, a criterion for causality, were examined linking exposures to likelihood of case status."( Case-control study of multiple chemical sensitivity, comparing haematology, biochemistry, vitamins and serum volatile organic compound measures.
Baines, CJ; Cole, DE; Jazmaji, V; Loescher, B; Marshall, L; McKeown-Eyssen, GE; Riley, N, 2004)		0.32
" Dietary folate intake reduced CLP risk independently in a dose-response manner."( Periconceptional folate intake by supplement and food reduces the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate.
Merkus, HM; Ocké, MC; Steegers-Theunissen, RP; Straatman, H; van Rooij, IA; Zielhuis, GA, 2004)		0.32
"In a 48 week randomised controlled trial of methotrexate, comparing folates with placebo, rheumatologists were advised on methotrexate dosage using a guideline reflecting daily practice."( Influence of guideline adherence on outcome in a randomised controlled trial on the efficacy of methotrexate with folate supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis.
Fransen, J; Huizinga, TW; Laan, RF; Van Der Laar, MA; Van Riel, PL, 2004)		0.32
"There is an indication that adherence to guidelines on methotrexate dosage may benefit patients with rheumatoid arthritis by improving disease activity without increasing toxicity."( Influence of guideline adherence on outcome in a randomised controlled trial on the efficacy of methotrexate with folate supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis.
Fransen, J; Huizinga, TW; Laan, RF; Van Der Laar, MA; Van Riel, PL, 2004)		0.32
" A dose of 6 g betaine/d has been used in the treatment of homocystinuria, but data on the dose-response are scarce."( The effect of low doses of betaine on plasma homocysteine in healthy volunteers.
Alfthan, G; Aro, A; Nissinen, K; Saarela, J; Tapani, K, 2004)		0.32
" Notably, adjusted (for age and sex) dose-response curves for the postmethionine increase in homocysteine or fasting homocysteine versus betaine showed that the inverse associations were most pronounced at low serum folate, an observation that was confirmed by analyses of interaction."( Betaine and folate status as cooperative determinants of plasma homocysteine in humans.
Blom, HJ; den Heijer, M; Holm, PI; Keijzer, MB; Midttun, Ø; Ueland, PM; Vollset, SE, 2005)		0.33
" The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a daily dosage of 1000 mg vitamin C, 800 mg vitamin E, and 10 mg folate on markers of vascular function in 31 young healthy male adults."( Cardiovascular effects of oral Supplementation of vitamin C, E and folic acid in young healthy males.
Huisman, HW; Jerling, JC; Oosthuizen, W; Schutte, AE; van Rooyen, JM, 2004)		0.32
" There was no dose-response relationship between homocysteine concentration and severity of preeclampsia."( Mapping the theories of preeclampsia: the role of homocysteine.
Carroli, G; Khan, KS; Kilby, MD; Latthe, PM; Mignini, LE; Villar, J, 2005)		0.33
" However, because of a lack of consistency in data, dose-response relationship, and biologic plausibility, the observed association cannot be considered causal from the current literature."( Mapping the theories of preeclampsia: the role of homocysteine.
Carroli, G; Khan, KS; Kilby, MD; Latthe, PM; Mignini, LE; Villar, J, 2005)		0.33
" Serum vitamin B12 was related to BMD in dose-response fashion up to about 200 pmol/L, and subjects with serum Hcy > or = 20 micromol/L had significantly lower BMD than subjects with serum Hcy < 10 micromol/L."( Relation between homocysteine and B-vitamin status indicators and bone mineral density in older Americans.
Jacques, PF; Morris, MS; Selhub, J, 2005)		0.33
" These results are significant, since daily dosing of EC72 for more than 30 consecutive days yielded no evidence of myelosuppression or toxicity to major organs, including the FR-positive kidneys."( Synthesis and biological evaluation of EC72: a new folate-targeted chemotherapeutic.
Leamon, CP; Nicoson, JS; Parker, N; Reddy, JA; Vetzel, M; Vlahov, IR; Westrick, E; Xu, LC, )		0.13
" Smoking frequency appeared to show negative dose-response effects on maternal and neonatal Zn concentrations, Zn/Pb molar concentration ratios, and birth weight."( Maternal and neonatal scalp hair concentrations of zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead: relationship to some lifestyle factors.
Ghribi, I; Razagui, IB, 2005)		0.33
" Blockage of the platelet GpIIb/IIIa receptor by Integrilin (Schering-Plough A/S) did not abolish the FD-HH-induced increase in whole-blood coagulation velocity, irrespective of the dosage of Integrilin."( Folate deficiency-induced hyperhomocysteinemia attenuates, and folic acid supplementation restores, the functional activities of rat coagulation factors XII, X, and II.
Ebbesen, LS; Ingerslev, J, 2005)		0.33
" The mean MTX dosage at week 52 was similar in the 2 RCTs."( Reduction of the efficacy of methotrexate by the use of folic acid: post hoc analysis from two randomized controlled studies.
Cohen, SB; Dorrier, C; Elashoff, D; Emery, P; Furst, DE; Khanna, D; Park, GS; Paulus, HE; Simpson, KM, 2005)		0.33
" AC-Zn polymers provided a novel approach for enteric drug delivery as drug release from these matrices complied with the USP specifications for enteric dosage forms."( Synthesis of zinc-crosslinked thiolated alginic acid beads and their in vitro evaluation as potential enteric delivery system with folic acid as model drug.
Aiedeh, KM; Al-Hiari, Y; Al-Khatib, H; Taha, MO, 2005)		0.33
"A significant dose-response relationship between the risk of orofacial clefts and a decrease in the intake of folates from diet was found, stronger for cleft palate without cleft lip."( [Periconceptional folates and the prevention of orofacial clefts: role of dietary intakes in France].
Bahuau, M; Cordier, S; Francannet, C; Herman, C; Monfort, C; Nelva, A; Robert-Gnansia, E; Rouget, F, 2005)		0.33
" Decreased FIGLU might result from accelerated activity of one or more genes on chromosome 21, by a gene dosage effect."( A folate-dependent metabolite in amniotic fluid from pregnancies with normal or trisomy 21 chromosomes.
Baggot, PJ; Eliseo, AJ; Kalamarides, JA; Shoemaker, JD, 2006)		0.33
" Additional studies are needed to define appropriate dosing for renally impaired patients receiving higher dose pemetrexed with vitamin supplementation."( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of pemetrexed administered every 3 weeks to advanced cancer patients with normal and impaired renal function.
Baker, SD; Chaudhary, AK; Chaudhuri, T; Goetz, A; Hammond, LA; Johnson, RD; Latz, JE; Mita, AC; Molpus, K; Patnaik, A; Rowinsky, EK; Sandler, A; Simms, L; Sweeney, CJ; Takimoto, CH; Tolcher, AW; Villalona-Calero, M, 2006)		0.33
" Four healthy adult volunteers undertook each dosing schedule 2 weeks apart."( Postprandial serum folic acid response to multiple doses of folic acid in fortified bread.
Daly, L; McPartlin, J; Scott, JM; Sweeney, MR; Weir, DG, 2006)		0.33
" The business objective set for the Femina brand was to build the category of preventive iron-folic acid supplements in line with the Philippine Department of Health's advocacy on weekly supplementation as an alternate to daily dosing to reduce the prevalence of anemia in the country."( Industry experience in promoting weekly iron-folic acid supplementation in the Philippines.
Datol-Barrett, E; Dizon, M; Garcia, J, 2005)		0.33
" The dosage of the preparation in group 1 was 1 tablet Ferro-Folgamma tid for 40 days, and 1 tablet Ferro-Folgamma bid for the same period."( [Ferro-folgamma--a good alternative in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia and depleted iron stores in pregnant women].
Ivanov, S; Sigridov, I, 2005)		0.33
"Oral treatment with Ferro-Folgamma, according the described dosage regimen, demonstrates its fast and stable effect in treatment of moderate iron deficiency and recovery of depleted iron pool in pregnant patients as well."( [Ferro-folgamma--a good alternative in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia and depleted iron stores in pregnant women].
Ivanov, S; Sigridov, I, 2005)		0.33
" Among all providers, 42% did not know the correct FA dosage (400 mug daily)."( Health care provider knowledge and practices regarding folic acid, United States, 2002-2003.
Abelman, SM; Damus, K; Fassett, EM; Mulinare, J; Petrini, JR; Stone, CE; Williams, JL, 2006)		0.33
" Some reports support our observation that the dosage of folic acid required for tHcy decrease is 15-30 mg, and that the dosage higher than 60 mg does not significantly decrease tHcy concentration."( [The treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia in patients on dialysis: folic acid or the high-flow polysulphonic membrane?].
Kes, P; Kusec, V; Lovcić, V; Zeljko, R, 2006)		0.33
" In contrast, treatment with the unconjugated DAVLBH drug produced nominal efficacy when dosed at its MTD."( Synthesis and biological evaluation of EC140: a novel folate-targeted vinca alkaloid conjugate.
Kleindl, PJ; Leamon, CP; Reddy, JA; Vetzel, M; Vlahov, IR; Westrick, E, )		0.13
" There were no dose-response trends for either nutrient."( Prospective study of plasma folate, vitamin B12, and cognitive function and decline.
Grodstein, F; Irizarry, MC; Kang, JH, 2006)		0.33
"Multiple dosing of low amounts of labeled folic acid is a sensitive, accurate, and efficient method of measuring the relative bioavailability of folic acid compounds, provided that the administered doses can be reliably assessed."( A dual-isotope-labeling method of studying the bioavailability of hexaglutamyl folic acid relative to that of monoglutamyl folic acid in humans by using multiple orally administered low doses.
Garbis, SD; Katan, MB; Kok, FJ; Lasaroms, JJ; Melse-Boonstra, A; van Breemen, RB; van Rhijn, JA; Verhoef, P; West, CE, 2006)		0.33
" In the case of minor adverse effects the use of folic acid at a dosage of 1 mg/day is feasible."( Recommendations for the use of methotrexate in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Lankisch, P; Niehues, T, 2006)		0.33
" Dietary vitamins E and C were statistically significantly protective for both colon and rectal cancer at all levels of consumption, and for both vitamins there was a dose-response effect of increasing protection, particularly so for colon cancer."( Colorectal cancer protective effects and the dietary micronutrients folate, methionine, vitamins B6, B12, C, E, selenium, and lycopene.
Kune, G; Watson, L, 2006)		0.33
" The lack of impact of zinc on mortality and hospitalization rates in this study may have been due to the use of lower daily zinc dosing than used in some of the morbidity prevention trials or from an interaction between zinc and iron, where the addition of iron may have adversely affected potential effects of zinc on immune function and morbidity."( Adding zinc to supplemental iron and folic acid does not affect mortality and severe morbidity in young children.
Bahl, R; Bhan, MK; Bhandari, N; Fontaine, O; Mazumder, S; Taneja, S, 2007)		0.34
" Nevertheless, several research gaps remain: identification of the mechanism by which the defect occurs and how folate ameliorates it; characterization of the relative efficacy of food folate, folic acid added to foods, and folic acid by itself; delineation of the dose-response relations of folate and NTD prevention; and more precise quantification of the dose needed to prevent recurrences."( Folate and neural tube defects.
Pitkin, RM, 2007)		0.34
" We also performed a dose-response study with folinic acid and determined the impact of maternal folate supplementation on Folr1 nullizygous cardiac development."( Cardiovascular abnormalities in Folr1 knockout mice and folate rescue.
Finnell, RH; Gelineau-van Waes, J; Merriweather, M; Schwartz, RJ; Scott, M; Wlodarczyk, BJ; Yu, W; Zhu, H, 2007)		0.34
" Dose-response analyses indicated a positive association between plasma tHcy and risk of fracture in both sexes and a negative association between plasma folate and risk of fracture among women only."( Plasma homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B 12 and the risk of hip fracture: the hordaland homocysteine study.
Gjesdal, CG; Meyer, HE; Refsum, H; Tell, GS; Ueland, PM; Vollset, SE, 2007)		0.34
"Evidence of a dose-response relationship was found between BMI and inadequate servings of grains and vegetables, and iron and folate intake."( Pregravid body mass index is negatively associated with diet quality during pregnancy.
Bodnar, LM; Laraia, BA; Siega-Riz, AM, 2007)		0.34
" To support this tentative relationship, more well designed, long-term follow-up studies are needed in places where fortification with FA has been introduced, focusing on dose-response and obtaining accurate data on infertility treatments."( Folic acid and risk of twinning: a systematic review of the recent literature, July 1994 to July 2006.
Halliday, JL; Muggli, EE, 2007)		0.34
" However, in selected cases, depending on the effectiveness of the interventions, dosage reductions or discontinuation of medications may be possible."( Natural approaches to epilepsy.
Gaby, AR, 2007)		0.34
" Oral [(13)C]formate or [2-(13)C]glycine dosing and urine collection can be used to study purine biosynthesis in humans."( 13C enrichment of carbons 2 and 8 of purine by folate-dependent reactions after [13C]formate and [2-13C]glycine dosing in adult humans.
Baggott, JE; Gorman, GS; Tamura, T, 2007)		0.34
"to explore the use of folic acid and other vitamin supplements before and during pregnancy, including type, dosage and form; who recommended supplement use and for what reason; and women's understanding of why they took folic acid."( The use of folic acid and other vitamins before and during pregnancy in a group of women in Melbourne, Australia.
Bolger, M; Denning, A; Forster, DA; Wills, G, 2009)		0.35
" Proteomic analysis indicated that, under the dosage of the present investigation, folic acid mainly reversed the alcohol-altered proteins involved in energy production, signal pathways and protein translation, which are all important for central nervous system development."( Effect of folic acid on prenatal alcohol-induced modification of brain proteome in mice.
Li, Y; Tang, Y; Xu, Y, 2008)		0.35
" Post hoc analysis, which should be interpreted with caution, seemed to indicate a dose-response effect: the change in FMD was -0."( Folic acid improves vascular reactivity in humans: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
de Bree, A; Draijer, R; van Mierlo, LA, 2007)		0.34
" EC0225 produced potent, dose-responsive activity in vitro, and curative activity was observed against FR-positive syngeneic and xenograft tumors following the administration of well-tolerated dosing regimens."( Preclinical antitumor activity of a novel folate-targeted dual drug conjugate.
Dawson, A; Dorton, R; Leamon, CP; Reddy, JA; Santhapuram, HK; Vetzel, M; Vlahov, IR; Wang, Y; Westrick, E, )		0.13
"This preliminary study suggests that folic acid supplementation may contribute to higher MTX dosing in patients with RA."( Preliminary evidence shows that folic acid fortification of the food supply is associated with higher methotrexate dosing in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Arabelovic, S; Dallal, GE; Jacques, PF; Rosenberg, IH; Roubenoff, R; Sam, G; Selhub, J, 2007)		0.34
" A more complete ascertainment and detailed timing and dosage of folic acid use in a prospective study is recommended."( Congenital malformations in infants whose mothers reported the use of folic acid in early pregnancy in Sweden. A prospective population study.
Källén, B, 2007)		0.34
" Issues to be considered are the timing of the intervention during multistep carcinogenesis, baseline levels in a given individual or population, the complexity of dietary interactions, dose-response effects, and the duration of study."( Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer: why all the confusion?
Bresalier, RS, 2008)		0.35
" A dose-response relationship was shown between plasma folate levels or methylation indices of arsenic species and UC risk in the respective quartile strata."( Plasma folate level, urinary arsenic methylation profiles, and urothelial carcinoma susceptibility.
Chen, CJ; Chung, CJ; Hsueh, YM; Huang, YK; Pu, YS; Shiue, HS; Yang, MH, 2008)		0.35
" In line, we propose a risk-benefit model that consists of: (1) hazard and benefit identification, (2) hazard and benefit characterization through dose-response functions, (3) exposure assessment, and (4) risk-benefit integration."( Integrated risk-benefit analyses: method development with folic acid as example.
de Jong, N; Hoekstra, J; Rompelberg, C; van Kranen, H; Verhagen, H; Verkaik-Kloosterman, J; Zeilmaker, M, 2008)		0.35
" Dosing of MTX was individualised with the help of pre-study evaluation of plasma MTX pharmacokinetics."( The effect of folic acid supplementation on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral methotrexate during the remission-induction period of treatment for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.
Beránek, M; Chládek, J; Chládkova, J; Hroch, M; Martínková, J; Simková, M; Vanecková, J; Vávrová, J, 2008)		0.35
" The individual tailoring of MTX dosing needs further attention because the mean percent PASI improvement from baseline was 83% and the inter-patient variability in response was low after 16 weeks of monotherapy with MTX."( The effect of folic acid supplementation on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral methotrexate during the remission-induction period of treatment for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.
Beránek, M; Chládek, J; Chládkova, J; Hroch, M; Martínková, J; Simková, M; Vanecková, J; Vávrová, J, 2008)		0.35
" In the first set, the inactiveness and mortality of the mussels in different drugs were studied through two different dosages and in subsequent tests the fixation of dosage was employed."( Differential growth of the freshwater mussel, Lamellidens marginalis in relation to certain drugs.
Mishra, RK; Mishra, S; Nayak, L; Sahu, BK; Senga, Y, 2008)		0.35
" At level 1, 4/6 patients experienced DLTs; dosing decreased to level 0 and 4/5 patients experienced DLTs."( Phase I study of a 3-drug regimen of gemcitabine/cisplatin/pemetrexed in patients with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium.
Atienza, D; Awasthi, S; Berry, W; Delaune, R; Deutsch, M; Dien, PY; Gregory, TF; Hood, K; Hutson, TE; Ilegbodu, D; Kolodziej, MJ; Mull, S; Muscato, JJ; Nicol, S; Raju, RN; Ruxer, RL; Vukelja, S, 2008)		0.35
" A total of 140 eligible women were randomly assigned to two dosage groups and followed up for 12 weeks."( Effect of different dosage and administration schedules of folic acid on blood folate levels in a population of Honduran women of reproductive age.
Barahona, F; Flores, A; Milla, G; Pfeiffer, C; Rosenthal, J; Skerrette, N; Umaña, E; Yon, M, 2008)		0.35
" However, a differential effect on serum folate levels by dosage group and time was observed."( Effect of different dosage and administration schedules of folic acid on blood folate levels in a population of Honduran women of reproductive age.
Barahona, F; Flores, A; Milla, G; Pfeiffer, C; Rosenthal, J; Skerrette, N; Umaña, E; Yon, M, 2008)		0.35
"Although both folate supplementation regimens increased serum and red blood cell folate levels significantly among the women studied, blood folate levels that are considered to be protective of NTD were reached faster with the daily dosage of 1 mg folic acid."( Effect of different dosage and administration schedules of folic acid on blood folate levels in a population of Honduran women of reproductive age.
Barahona, F; Flores, A; Milla, G; Pfeiffer, C; Rosenthal, J; Skerrette, N; Umaña, E; Yon, M, 2008)		0.35
" Knowledge about the correct timing (12%) and dosage (47%) of folic acid preparations for average-risk women was also lacking."( Physicians' knowledge and attitudes regarding periconceptional folic acid supplementation: a survey in Southern Israel.
Abu-Hammad, T; Cohen, AD; Dreiher, J; Vardy, DA, 2008)		0.35
"To study the prophylactic effect of folic acid supplementation with regard to spontaneous abortion and preterm delivery (fetal demise after week 20 of gestational age) in pregnant women receiving AED therapy, as well as benefits of most common dosage and preconceptional commencement."( Spontaneous abortion and the prophylactic effect of folic acid supplementation in epileptic women undergoing antiepileptic therapy.
Auckenthaler, A; Bauer, G; Brezinka, C; Dobesberger, J; Embacher, N; Jahn, B; Luef, G; Pittschieler, S; Trinka, E; Unterberger, I; Walser, G, 2008)		0.35
"There are no large randomized trials of the effect of folic acid dosing regimens on blood folate and homocysteine concentrations."( Folate status and homocysteine response to folic acid doses and withdrawal among young Chinese women in a large-scale randomized double-blind trial.
Bailey, LB; Berry, RJ; Erickson, JD; Gindler, J; Hao, L; Hu, DJ; Li, S; Li, Z; Yang, QH; Zhang, BL; Zhang, L; Zhu, JH, 2008)		0.35
"Changes in folate and homocysteine concentrations were unaffected by different dosing schedules."( Folate status and homocysteine response to folic acid doses and withdrawal among young Chinese women in a large-scale randomized double-blind trial.
Bailey, LB; Berry, RJ; Erickson, JD; Gindler, J; Hao, L; Hu, DJ; Li, S; Li, Z; Yang, QH; Zhang, BL; Zhang, L; Zhu, JH, 2008)		0.35
" From these findings, we conclude that lowering the dietary intake of folates in mice has little impact on the biological activity of repetitively dosed folate-targeted agents but that low folate diet regimens will reduce serum and RBC folate levels down to levels that more closely approximate the normal human ranges."( Impact of high and low folate diets on tissue folate receptor levels and antitumor responses toward folate-drug conjugates.
Bloomfield, A; Dorton, R; Emsweller, K; Leamon, CP; Parker, N; Reddy, JA; Westrick, E, 2008)		0.35
" These methods could be applied to determine DOX, PYR, and FA in their combined dosage forms."( Simultaneous determination of a ternary mixture of doxylamine succinate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, and folic acid by the ratio spectra-zero-crossing, double divisor-ratio spectra derivative, and column high-performance liquid chromatographic methods.
Pathak, A; Rajput, SJ, )		0.13
" An increased risk of colon cancer was suggested for men in the middle quintile of serum folate, but without indication of a dose-response relationship."( One-carbon metabolism biomarkers and risk of colon and rectal cancers.
Albanes, D; Graubard, B; Lim, U; Selhub, J; Stolzenberg-Solomon, R; Taylor, PR; Virtamo, J; Weinstein, SJ, 2008)		0.35
" Nine recommendations were specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including the work-up before initiating methotrexate, optimal dosage and route, use of folic acid, monitoring, management of hepatotoxicity, long-term safety, mono versus combination therapy and management in the perioperative period and before/during pregnancy."( Multinational evidence-based recommendations for the use of methotrexate in rheumatic disorders with a focus on rheumatoid arthritis: integrating systematic literature research and expert opinion of a broad international panel of rheumatologists in the 3E
Bijlsma, JW; Bombardier, C; Boumpas, DT; Canhao, H; Carmona, L; Dougados, M; Edwards, CJ; Hamuryudan, V; Katchamart, W; Kvien, TK; Leeb, BF; Loza, E; Martín-Mola, EM; Martinez-Lopez, JA; Mielants, H; Müller-Ladner, U; Murphy, G; Pereira, IA; Ramos-Remus, C; Salliot, C; Trudeau, J; Valentini, G; van der Heijde, D; Visser, K; Zochling, J; Østergaard, M, 2009)		0.35
" Collectively, these results show that this potent antiproliferative tubulysin compound can be specifically delivered to FR-positive tumors to provide substantial therapeutic benefit using well-tolerable dosing regimens."( Folate targeting enables durable and specific antitumor responses from a therapeutically null tubulysin B analogue.
Dorton, R; Leamon, CP; Parker, N; Reddy, JA; Vetzel, M; Vlahov, I; Wang, Y; Westrick, E, 2008)		0.35
" The dosing regimen was continued up to 10 weeks."( Methotrexate-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in germ cells of mice: intervention of folic and folinic acid.
Jena, GB; Padmanabhan, S; Ramarao, P; Tripathi, DN; Vikram, A, 2009)		0.35
" We also tested the influence of folic acid dosage (5 mg OD) on the levels of homocysteine and the allied vitamin supplements, vitamin B12 and folate in smaller groups selected from the larger group."( Homocystine levels, polymorphisms and the risk of ischemic stroke in young Asian Indians.
Akhter, MS; Behari, M; Biswas, A; Meena, A; Munisamy, M; Ranjan, R; Saxena, R; Subbiah, V; Yadav, BK, )		0.13
" There was an almost total response to folic acid dosage as all hyperhomocysteinemic patients showed lowering of homocysteine levels in response to the dosage."( Homocystine levels, polymorphisms and the risk of ischemic stroke in young Asian Indians.
Akhter, MS; Behari, M; Biswas, A; Meena, A; Munisamy, M; Ranjan, R; Saxena, R; Subbiah, V; Yadav, BK, )		0.13
"Homocysteine (HCy), C-reactive protein (CRP), Folate, fibrinogen and alpha1 acid glycoprotein (alpha1AGP) were dosed before and after a 3-month course of high-dose folate (25 mg intravenous calcium laevofolinate pentahydride once weekly) and again after a one-month washout in 15 HD patients with established VOD (group A) and in 15 comparable HD patients with no diagnosis of VOD (group B)."( Treatment of hyperhomocysteinaemia in haemodialysis patients at high cardiovascular risk.
Athanasopoulou, E; Bernabei, E; Chamoun, G; Colarieti, G; De Francesco, M; Della Rovere, FR; Di Giandomenico, G; Lonzi, M; Manca di Villahermosa, S; Moscaritolo, E; Noce, A; Taccone-Gallucci, M; Tedesco, M, 2009)		0.35
" Different folic acid supplementation approaches and dosage should be undertaken to improve folate status of women in different areas."( Plasma folate status and dietary folate intake among Chinese women of childbearing age.
Cao, Y; Deng, Y; Hao, L; Li, Z; Tian, Y; Wang, T; Xia, H; Yu, M; Zhang, L; Zhao, Y, 2009)		0.35
" A single dosage of EtOH (3."( Exogenous folate ameliorates ethanol-induced brain hyperhomocysteinemia and exogenous ethanol reduces taurine levels in chick embryos.
Barnett, RK; Booms, SL; Gura, T; Gushrowski, M; Miller, RR, 2009)		0.35
" Those subjects were randomized to receive either 5 mg/d of oral folic acid or an equivalent dosage of placebo."( Role of folic acid in atherosclerosis after kidney transplant: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Einollahi, B; Farhangi, S; Farjad, R; Firouzan, A; Kalantar, A; Kardavani, B; Khatami, F; Nafar, M; Pour-Reza-Gholi, F, 2009)		0.35
" The odds of a high total IgE level, atopy, and wheeze decreased across quintiles of serum folate levels, indicating a dose-response relationship between serum folate levels and these outcomes."( Higher serum folate levels are associated with a lower risk of atopy and wheeze.
Matsui, EC; Matsui, W, 2009)		0.35
" Similarly, higher the frequency of dosing better was the impact- it being the best in daily IFA group."( Physical work capacity of young underprivileged school girls impact of daily vs intermittent iron folic acid supplementation: a randomized controlled trial.
Kanani, SJ; Sen, A, 2009)		0.35
"Quantitative applications for pharmaceutical solid dosage forms using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy are central to process analytical technology (PAT) manufacturing designs."( Assessment of diffuse transmission mode in near-infrared quantification--part I: The press effect on low-dose pharmaceutical tablets.
Betz, G; Keller, H; Oelichmann, J; Saeed, M; Saner, S, 2009)		0.35
" Future trials should examine the effect of different dosage and duration."( Folic acid supplementation for the prevention of recurrence of colorectal adenomas: metaanalysis of interventional trials.
Ibrahim, EM; Zekri, JM, 2010)		0.36
"Insufficient knowledge about the correct dosage and potential implications of overdose have played an important role in recent accidents involving methotrexate (MTX)."( [Correct use of methotrexate].
Dijkmans, BA; Horikx, A; van den Bemt, BJ; van der Waal, RI; Verduijn, MM, 2009)		0.35
" Further investigation of folic acid dosage is suggested."( Different doses of oral folic acid for homocysteine-lowering therapy in patients on hemodialysis: a randomized controlled trial.
Asgari, M; Farrokhi, F; Ossareh, S; Salimi, A; Shayan-Moghaddam, H, 2009)		0.35
" The method was sensitive enough to detect pABG in plasma generally and unmetabolized folic acid in the plasma of a volunteer after oral dosage of an aqueous folic acid solution."( Quantitation of folates and their catabolites in blood plasma, erythrocytes, and urine by stable isotope dilution assays.
Mönch, S; Netzel, G; Netzel, M; Rychlik, M, 2010)		0.36
" Several forms of folate appear to be safe and efficacious in some individuals with major depressive disorder, but more information is needed about dosage and populations most suited to folate therapy."( Folate in depression: efficacy, safety, differences in formulations, and clinical issues.
Fava, M; Mischoulon, D, 2009)		0.35
" In contrast, no significant anti-tumor activity was observed in P-PEA treated mice which were co dosed with an excess of FR, thus demonstrating the target specific gene delivery."( The therapeutic efficiency of FP-PEA/TAM67 gene complexes via folate receptor-mediated endocytosis in a xenograft mice model.
Arote, RB; Cho, CS; Cho, MH; Hwang, SK; Jere, D; Jiang, HL; Kim, TH; Kim, YK; Lim, HT, 2010)		0.36
" "Strong nonlinear blending" is a novel concept that provides a flexible paradigm for the assessment of combination drug synergy that is applicable to any shaped combination-drug dose-response surface; issues of varying relative potency, partial inhibitors, potentiation, or coalism pose no problems at all."( A review of synergy concepts of nonlinear blending and dose-reduction profiles.
Peterson, JJ, 2010)		0.36
"Taking into account a continuous exposure in regression models by using categorization, when non-linear dose-response associations are expected, have been widely criticized."( Dose-response analyses using restricted cubic spline functions in public health research.
Desquilbet, L; Mariotti, F, 2010)		0.36
"There are limited data suggesting that methotrexate polyglutamate (MTXGlu) concentrations can guide MTX dosing in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)."( Methotrexate polyglutamate concentrations are not associated with disease control in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving long-term methotrexate therapy.
Barclay, ML; Chapman, PT; Frampton, C; James, J; O'Donnell, JL; Stamp, LK; Zhang, M, 2010)		0.36
"The MTX dosage was significantly higher in patients in whom the swollen joint count and DAS28 were higher."( Methotrexate polyglutamate concentrations are not associated with disease control in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving long-term methotrexate therapy.
Barclay, ML; Chapman, PT; Frampton, C; James, J; O'Donnell, JL; Stamp, LK; Zhang, M, 2010)		0.36
"Hc levels were significantly higher in patients taking levodopa and were not related to levodopa dosage or treatment duration."( [Homocysteine and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease].
Avilés, F; Cañizares, F; Carles-Díes, R; Fernández-Barreiro, A; Herrero, MT; Martín-Fernández, JJ; Morsi-Hassan, O; Parra, S; Villegas, I, )		0.13
" In conclusion, an inverse association was evident between dietary folate intake and the prevalence of breathlessness for Japanese adults, together with a significant dose-response relationship for the COPD risk."( Folate intake associated with lung function, breathlessness and the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Hirayama, F; Kagawa, Y; Lee, AH; Terasawa, K, 2010)		0.36
"The aim of this study was to determine whether folic acid supplementation increases the dosage requirement of the CYP2C9 substrate warfarin, and the formation clearance of the CYP2C9-mediated product, (S)-7-hydroxywarfarin."( Effects of folic acid supplementation on the pharmacokinetics and anticoagulant effect of warfarin: an open-label, prospective study of long-term administration in adults.
Adar, L; Bialer, O; Blotnick, S; Caraco, Y; Cascorbi, I; Muszkat, M; Ufer, M; Xie, HG, 2010)		0.36
"Patients aged >or=18 years with folic acid deficiency who were receiving long-term treatment with a stable dosage of warfarin were studied prospectively, before and 30 to 60 days after the initiation of supplementation with folic acid."( Effects of folic acid supplementation on the pharmacokinetics and anticoagulant effect of warfarin: an open-label, prospective study of long-term administration in adults.
Adar, L; Bialer, O; Blotnick, S; Caraco, Y; Cascorbi, I; Muszkat, M; Ufer, M; Xie, HG, 2010)		0.36
" Changes in warfarin dosage requirements and INR were nonsignificant."( Effects of folic acid supplementation on the pharmacokinetics and anticoagulant effect of warfarin: an open-label, prospective study of long-term administration in adults.
Adar, L; Bialer, O; Blotnick, S; Caraco, Y; Cascorbi, I; Muszkat, M; Ufer, M; Xie, HG, 2010)		0.36
" The pregnant C57BL/6J mice were dosed with 24 microg TCDD/kg and/or 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg FA/kg body weight on gestation day (GD) 10."( Is it possible to antagonize 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin- induced cleft palate by prenatal administration of folic acid? An experimental study.
He, W; Li, CH; Meng, T; Shi, B, 2010)		0.36
" This paper reviews the findings of the main studies of the effects of folic acid on orofacial clefts, summarizes study limitations, and discusses research needs with a focus on studying the effects of high dosage folic acid on the recurrence of oral clefts using a randomized clinical trial design."( Folic acid and orofacial clefts: a review of the evidence.
Murray, JC; Wehby, GL, 2010)		0.36
" However, no dose-response relation was observed."( Folate and other one-carbon metabolism-related nutrients and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort.
Gapstur, SM; McCullough, ML; Stevens, VL; Sun, J, 2010)		0.36
" We retrospectively evaluated erythrocyte folate concentrations to examine if a recommended daily dosage of 5 mg folic acid is sufficient to balance the impact of antiepileptic drugs (AED) on folate metabolism in women with epilepsy."( [Evaluation of folate substitution in women with epilepsy. Determination of erythrocyte folic acid concentrations].
Bauer, J; Bös, M; Rück, J; Stoffel-Wagner, B, 2011)		0.37
"03), although no significant dose-response relationship was found."( Serum folate, vitamin B-12, and homocysteine and their association with depressive symptoms among U.S. adults.
Beydoun, HA; Beydoun, MA; Shroff, MR; Zonderman, AB, 2010)		0.36
" A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response trial with a parallel-group design was conducted."( Effects of folic acid supplementation on serum folate and plasma homocysteine concentrations in older adults: a dose-response trial.
Anderson, CA; Appel, LJ; Charleston, J; Jee, SH; Narrett, M, 2010)		0.36
" These examples include: 1) meta-analyses of clinical trials suggest that methotrexate has an efficacy similar to other disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs); 2) information in textbooks and websites may overstate adverse events and drug interactions associated with weekly low-dose methotrexate; 3) information presented to patients when filling a prescription for methotrexate understates 'side effects' of RA and overstates those of methotrexate; 4) an admonition to patients to refrain entirely from consumption of alcohol while taking methotrexate may be unnecessary; 5) frequent blood testing in patients who take methotrexate may be overused; 6) eligibility of only a small minority of patients for clinical trials to compare biologic agents and methotrexate; 7) Step-up design in most comparisons of biologic agents with methotrexate includes only patients who had experienced an incomplete response to methotrexate; 8) in parallel design trials, the efficacy of biologic agents is not substantially greater than that of methotrexate; 9) low, inflexible dosage schedules of methotrexate and requirement for withdrawal with minimal liver function abnormalities in many clinical trials may underestimate efficacy, effectiveness, tolerability and safety; 10) interpretation of clinical trial results may overstate the clinical significance of lower radiographic progression in patients treated with biologic agents versus patients treated with methotrexate."( Underestimation of the efficacy, effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of weekly low-dose methotrexate in information presented to physicians and patients.
Furer, V; Pincus, T; Sokka, T, )		0.13
" Appropriate studies to determine optimal dosing to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity, potentially utilizing pharmacogenetic principles, are clearly needed."( Assessment and management of methotrexate hepatotoxicity in psoriasis patients: report from a consensus conference to evaluate current practice and identify key questions toward optimizing methotrexate use in the clinic.
Barker, J; Horn, EJ; Lebwohl, M; Nast, A; Rosenberg, W; Smith, C; Warren, RB, 2011)		0.37
"We assessed the dose-response relation between maternal hemoglobin and 2 prenatal iron supplements."( Randomized controlled trial of 2 prenatal iron supplements: is there a dose-response relation with maternal hemoglobin?
d'Alessandro, U; Habicht, JP; Henry, MC; Huybregts, L; Kolsteren, P; Lanou, H; Meda, N; Roberfroid, D, 2011)		0.37
" We proposed a systematic classification scheme using FDA-approved drug labeling to assess the DILI potential of drugs, which yielded a benchmark dataset with 287 drugs representing a wide range of therapeutic categories and daily dosage amounts."( FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury.
Chen, M; Fang, H; Liu, Z; Shi, Q; Tong, W; Vijay, V, 2011)		0.37
"The recommended daily dosage of folic acid in The Netherlands is 400 µg."( Positional plagiocephaly and excessive folic acid intake during pregnancy.
Michels, AC; Van den Elzen, ME; Van der Hulst, RR; Vles, JS, 2012)		0.38
"In the PP group, 20% used double the recommended dosage of folic acid, compared with 6% in the CO group (p < ."( Positional plagiocephaly and excessive folic acid intake during pregnancy.
Michels, AC; Van den Elzen, ME; Van der Hulst, RR; Vles, JS, 2012)		0.38
"After 4 or 8 weeks of treatment, increases in serum folate were seen across all genotypes and FA dosage groups."( Effect of folic acid intervention on the change of serum folate level in hypertensive Chinese adults: do methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and methionine synthase gene polymorphisms affect therapeutic responses?
Cui, Y; Ge, J; Guan, D; Hu, J; Huo, Y; Li, J; Liu, Z; Qin, X; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Xu, X; Zhang, F; Zhao, Z, 2012)		0.38
" Identification of genes with potential influence on cancer risk may help us to establish relevant laboratory studies on exposure and dose-response assessment and may help us to test the hypothesis in epidemiological studies."( Genetic variations in multiple myeloma I: effect on risk of multiple myeloma.
Klausen, TW; Vangsted, A; Vogel, U, 2012)		0.38
" In subsequent in vivo studies in the folate receptor positive KB xenograft model, KO019 was as active as the free drug but significantly less toxic when dosed at twice the dose of the free drug whereas KO013 showed no anticancer efficacy."( Comparative evaluation of the biological properties of reducible and acid-sensitive folate prodrugs of a highly potent doxorubicin derivative.
Abu Ajaj, K; Azab, S; El-Abadla, N; Fichtner, I; Kratz, F; Welker, P; Zeisig, R, 2012)		0.38
"2%) were treated by first generation antipsychotics with a mean daily dosage of 401."( [Hyperhomocysteinemia and schizophrenia: case control study].
Bouslama, A; Douki, W; Gaha, L; Mabrouk, H; Mechri, A; Najjar, MF; Omezzine, A; Younes, MK, 2011)		0.37
" Concerning therapeutic features, plasma Hcys did not differ with type of antipsychotic and was not related to daily dosage of antipsychotics."( [Hyperhomocysteinemia and schizophrenia: case control study].
Bouslama, A; Douki, W; Gaha, L; Mabrouk, H; Mechri, A; Najjar, MF; Omezzine, A; Younes, MK, 2011)		0.37
" The multifunctional nanorods were then used to target folate receptor expressing cancers cells for the delivery of a concentration dependent dosage of Doxorubicin (DOX)."( Multifunctional gold nanorod theragnostics probed by multi-photon imaging.
Book Newell, B; Irudayaraj, J; Wang, Y, 2012)		0.38
" Specifically, mice were subjected to folic acid (FA)-induced AKI and then randomly assigned to sham operation or one of three dosage of CsA treatment groups."( One dose of cyclosporine A is protective at initiation of folic acid-induced acute kidney injury in mice.
Bishop, JV; Chedwick, LR; Kellum, JA; Li, Y; Peng, Z; Singbartl, K; Wang, H; Wen, X, 2012)		0.38
"To determine folic acid dosage requirements for individuals across a broad range of BMI values, using dose per kilogram lean body weight (LBW) as a primary predictor of systemic exposure."( Dosage requirements for periconceptional folic acid supplementation: accounting for BMI and lean body weight.
Kapur, B; Koren, G; Matok, I; Stern, SJ, 2012)		0.38
"A parallel, randomised, controlled, dose-response dietary intervention study."( Impact of the quantity and flavonoid content of fruits and vegetables on markers of intake in adults with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease: the FLAVURS trial.
Alimbetov, D; Chong, MF; George, TW; Gordon, MH; Jin, Y; Kennedy, OB; Lovegrove, JA; Macready, AL; Minihane, AM; Spencer, JP; Weech, M, 2013)		0.39
" On such basis, we investigated the efficacy on insulin sensitivity and hormonal parameters of 8 weeks treatment with myo-inositol (MYO) (Inofert, ItalPharmaco, Milano, Italy) at the dosage of 2 g day in a group (n = 42) of obese PCOS patients,."( Differential insulin response to myo-inositol administration in obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients.
Artini, PG; Campedelli, A; Chierchia, E; Genazzani, AD; Prati, A; Rattighieri, E; Ricchieri, F; Santagni, S; Simoncini, T, 2012)		0.38
"Our findings suggest that the addition of myo-inositol to folic acid in non PCOS-patients undergoing multiple follicular stimulation for in-vitro fertilization may reduce the numbers of mature oocytes and the dosage of rFSH whilst maintaining clinical pregnancy rate."( Pretreatment with myo-inositol in non polycystic ovary syndrome patients undergoing multiple follicular stimulation for IVF: a pilot study.
Carfagna, P; Caserta, D; Lisi, F; Lisi, R; Manna, C; Marci, R; Moscarini, M; Oliva, MM; Poverini, R; Rago, R; Raparelli, V; Vaquero, E, 2012)		0.38
" The increase in the dosage of this gene results in an altered profile of metabolites involved in the folate pathway, including reduced homocysteine (Hcy), methionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)."( Genetic polymorphisms modulate the folate metabolism of Brazilian individuals with Down syndrome.
Biselli, JM; Carvalho, VM; Eberlin, MN; Fonseca, MF; Goloni-Bertollo, EM; Haddad, R; Pavarino, EC; Vannucchi, H; Zampieri, BL, 2012)		0.38
"Folate dose-response studies in women of childbearing age who consumed a folic acid (FA)-containing multivitamin in the era of FA fortification are lacking."( Folate-status response to a controlled folate intake in nonpregnant, pregnant, and lactating women.
Caudill, MA; Jiang, X; Malysheva, OV; Perry, CA; West, AA; Yan, J, 2012)		0.38
" There was some evidence of an inverse dose-response during each time period."( Maternal use of folic acid and other supplements and risk of childhood brain tumors.
Armstrong, BK; Ashton, LJ; Bower, C; de Klerk, NH; Gottardo, NG; Greenop, KR; Miller, M; Milne, E; Scott, RJ; van Bockxmeer, FM, 2012)		0.38
" Our aims were to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of folate supplementation on birth weight, placental weight and length of gestation and to assess the dose-response relationship between folate intake (folic acid plus dietary folate) and health outcomes."( Effect of folate intake on health outcomes in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis on birth weight, placental weight and length of gestation.
Berti, C; Cetin, I; Decsi, T; Dullemeijer, C; Fekete, K; Lohner, S; Souverein, OW; Trovato, M, 2012)		0.38
" These results suggested that the DOMC-FA micelles can prolong blood circulation time and modify the tissue distribution of PTX, and could provide a useful alternative dosage form for intravenous administration of PTX."( Tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics evaluation of DOMC-FA micelles for intravenous delivery of PTX.
Guo, H; Guo, S; Hao, L; Li, C; Wang, F; Zhang, D; Zhang, Q; Zheng, D, 2013)		0.39
" Furthermore, a meta-regression analysis suggested a positive dose-response relationship between percent baseline diabetes and log-RR for CVD risk associated with folic acid supplementation (P = 0."( Homocysteine-lowering therapy with folic acid is effective in cardiovascular disease prevention in patients with kidney disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Hou, F; Huo, Y; Qin, X; Wang, X; Xie, D; Xu, X, 2013)		0.39
"To evaluate the lowest effective dose-response of folic acid on endothelial function in children with type 1 diabetes."( Folate fortification and supplementation do not provide vascular health benefits in type 1 diabetes.
Couper, J; Dowling, K; Gent, R; MacKenzie, K; Maftei, O; Peña, AS; Wiltshire, E, 2013)		0.39
"The study is the first double-blinded randomized clinical trial (RCT) to study the effect of high dosage folic acid supplementation on isolated oral cleft recurrence."( High dosage folic acid supplementation, oral cleft recurrence and fetal growth.
Chakraborty, H; Félix, TM; Goco, N; Moretti-Ferreira, D; Murray, JC; Padovani, C; Pereira, R; Richieri-Costa, A; Souza, J; Wehby, GL, 2013)		0.39
" In 6-59 months old children, instead of 100 days' continuous dosing with iron-folate syrup in a year, a directly supervised intermittent supplementation (biweekly; ~100 days per year) merits consideration."( Preventing childhood anemia in India: iron supplementation and beyond.
Gera, T; Sachdev, HP, 2013)		0.39
" Patients included in the study underwent brain computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, and plasma dosage of vitamin B12, folate, and thyroid hormones."( Effectiveness and safety of citicoline in mild vascular cognitive impairment: the IDEALE study.
Castagna, A; Cotroneo, AM; Fantò, F; Gareri, P; Lacava, R; Malara, A; Monteleone, F; Putignano, S; Rocca, F, 2013)		0.39
"Wheat flour and maize meal were sourced in Kenya, South Africa, and Tanzania, and the iron compound (sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate [NaFeEDTA], ferrous fumarate, or ferrous sulfate) was varied and dosed at rates according to the WHO guidelines for consumption of 75 to 149 g/day of wheat flour and > 300 g/day of maize meal and tested again for 150 to 300 g/day for both."( Fortification of wheat flour and maize meal with different iron compounds: results of a series of baking trials.
Johnson, Q; Randall, P; Verster, A, 2012)		0.38
"There were no significant dose-response relations between any plasma- or FFQ-measured dietary factors and relative telomere length in multivariate analyses."( One-carbon metabolism factors and leukocyte telomere length.
De Vivo, I; Giovannucci, E; Hankinson, SE; Liu, JJ; Prescott, J; Rosner, B, 2013)		0.39
"Though encouraging evidence exists for the use of folic acid as an augmenting agent to antidepressants, evidence regarding its optimal dosage is lacking."( A randomized double-blind comparison of fluoxetine augmentation by high and low dosage folic acid in patients with depressive episodes.
Kumar, CN; Pandey, RS; Venkatasubramanian, R, 2013)		0.39
" There are many conflicting opinions regarding dosage of iron folic acid supplementation for managing this simple nutritional deficiency disorder."( Weekly iron folate supplementation in adolescent girls--an effective nutritional measure for the management of iron deficiency anaemia.
Gumashta, R; Joshi, M, 2013)		0.39
" The first patient did not receive any treatment for the corneal disease, and the second patient with bilateral intraocular lymphoma received 1 mg of oral folic acid daily, a commonly used dosage for patients on systemic methotrexate."( Toxic corneal epitheliopathy after intravitreal methotrexate and its treatment with oral folic acid.
Abia, M; Afshar, AR; Gorovoy, I; Prechanond, T; Stewart, JM, 2013)		0.39
"In the first patient without treatment, there was a complete regression of the corneal epithelial disease only when the frequency of intravitreal methotrexate was reduced from weekly to monthly as per a commonly used dosage regimen for methotrexate."( Toxic corneal epitheliopathy after intravitreal methotrexate and its treatment with oral folic acid.
Abia, M; Afshar, AR; Gorovoy, I; Prechanond, T; Stewart, JM, 2013)		0.39
" A linear regression analysis of the natural logarithm of the relative risk (RR) was carried out to assess a possible dose-response relationship between folate intake and pancreatic cancer risk."( Folate intake and pancreatic cancer risk: an overall and dose-response meta-analysis.
An, QZ; Lin, HL; Liu, CX; Wang, QZ, 2013)		0.39
"125 - 25 μg/day) intervention dosed as to age and MTHFR genotypes."( A decreased micronucleus frequency in human lymphocytes after folate and vitamin B12 intervention: a preliminary study in a Yunnan population.
Cao, N; Liang, Z; Ni, J; Wang, X; Xia, X; Zhou, T, 2012)		0.38
" We conducted a meta-analysis of case-control studies nested within prospective studies on circulating folate and colorectal cancer risk by using flexible meta-regression models to test the linear and nonlinear dose-response relationships."( Quantifying the dose-response relationship between circulating folate concentrations and colorectal cancer in cohort studies: a meta-analysis based on a flexible meta-regression model.
Chuang, SC; Eussen, SJ; Gunter, MJ; Norat, T; Rota, M; Ueland, PM; Vineis, P; Vollset, SE; Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A; Ziegler, RG, 2013)		0.39
"The objective of this study was to examine the dose-response relationship between As and global methylation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) DNA in apparently healthy Bangladeshi adults chronically exposed to a wide range of As concentrations in drinking water."( A dose-response study of arsenic exposure and global methylation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell DNA in Bangladeshi adults.
Alam, S; Gamble, MV; Graziano, JH; Hall, MN; Harper, KN; Ilievski, V; Levy, D; Liu, X; Mey, JL; Niedzwiecki, MM; Oka, J; Parvez, F; Siddique, AB; Slavkovich, V; van Geen, A, )		0.13
"We conducted a dose-response meta-analysis in healthy adults to quantify the typical response of recognized folate biomarkers to a change in folic acid intake."( Biomarker responses to folic acid intervention in healthy adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Collings, R; Duffy, ME; Dullemeijer, C; Hoey, L; Hooper, L; Hughes, CF; McNulty, H; Rankin, A; Souverein, OW; Strain, JJ, 2014)		0.4
"Folate biomarkers (serum/plasma and red blood cell folate) increased in response to folic acid in a dose-response manner only up to an intake of 400 μg/d."( Biomarker responses to folic acid intervention in healthy adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Collings, R; Duffy, ME; Dullemeijer, C; Hoey, L; Hooper, L; Hughes, CF; McNulty, H; Rankin, A; Souverein, OW; Strain, JJ, 2014)		0.4
"Studies administering >400 μg folic acid/d show no dose-response relation and thus will not yield meaningful results for consideration when generating dietary folate recommendations."( Biomarker responses to folic acid intervention in healthy adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Collings, R; Duffy, ME; Dullemeijer, C; Hoey, L; Hooper, L; Hughes, CF; McNulty, H; Rankin, A; Souverein, OW; Strain, JJ, 2014)		0.4
" No dose-response relationship was observed."( Self-reported maternal cigarette smoke exposure during the periconceptional period and the risk for omphalocoele.
Botto, LD; Feldkamp, ML; Olney, RS; Richardson, SD; Romitti, PA; Srisukhumbowornchai, S, 2014)		0.4
" Patients abstained from alcohol (46%) and took folic acid (91%, but with variable dosage regimens and doses)."( Perceptions of methotrexate use in rheumatoid arthritis by rheumatologists and their patients: an Australian survey study.
Nash, P; Nicholls, D, 2013)		0.39
" With the introduction of multiple folate-targeted drugs into the clinic, the question has arisen regarding how frequently a patient can be dosed with a FR-targeted drug or antibody and whether dosing frequency exerts any impact on the availability of FR for subsequent rounds of FR-mediated drug uptake."( Effect of receptor occupancy on folate receptor internalization.
Bandara, NA; Hansen, MJ; Low, PS, 2014)		0.4
" Although no clear dose-response relationship was observed, folic acid supplementation significantly promoted the progression of the sentinel mammary tumors and was associated with significantly higher sentinel mammary tumor weight and volume compared with the control diet."( Folic acid supplementation promotes mammary tumor progression in a rat model.
Croxford, R; Deghan Manshadi, S; Ishiguro, L; Kim, YI; Medline, A; Renlund, R; Sohn, KJ, 2014)		0.4
" A dose-response relation exists between folate intake or plasma level and disease risk within the normal range."( Critical evaluation of lowering the recommended dietary intake of folate.
Koletzko, B; Obeid, R; Pietrzik, K, 2014)		0.4
" This dosage was selected on the basis of its expected -20% efficacy in reducing low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol."( Nutraceutical approach to moderate cardiometabolic risk: results of a randomized, double-blind and crossover study with Armolipid Plus.
Arnoldi, A; Bosisio, R; Calabresi, L; Gomaraschi, M; Macchi, C; Magni, P; Mombelli, G; Pavanello, C; Pazzucconi, F; Ruscica, M; Sirtori, CR, )		0.13
" The study was initiated with a dosing schedule of pralatrexate 190 mg/m(2) biweekly on a 4-week cycle with vitamin supplementation."( A phase II study of pralatrexate with vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation for previously treated recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer.
Apollo, A; Cox, L; Fury, MG; Haque, S; Ho, AL; Lipson, BL; Lyo, JK; Pfister, DG; Sales, R; Seetharamu, N; Sherman, EJ; Sima, CS; Xiao, H, 2014)		0.4
" Low CMC value indicates that the copolymers are suitable for preparation of stable micelles useful in parenteral dosage forms."( Uptake of etoposide in CT-26 cells of colorectal cancer using folate targeted dextran stearate polymeric micelles.
Firozian, F; Hassanzadeh, F; Sadeghi-Aliabadi, H; Varshosaz, J, 2014)		0.4
" The purpose of this study was to summarize the evidence from prospective cohort studies regarding this relationship by using a dose-response meta-analytic approach."( Association between folate intake and the risk of lung cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Gao, HF; Hou, AJ; Zhang, HW; Zhang, YF; Zhou, L; Zhou, YH, 2014)		0.4
" Dose-response analysis showed that a 220 μg/day increment in dietary folate intake was not associated with the risk of breast cancer."( Lack of effects of dietary folate intake on risk of breast cancer: an updated meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Cui, LH; Li, N; Liu, M; Ma, AG; Piao, JM, 2014)		0.4
" Prespecified stratified analyses, sensitivity analyses, and dose-response analysis were also carried out."( Folate intake and breast cancer prognosis: a meta-analysis of prospective observational studies.
Li, B; Lu, Y; Wang, L; Zhang, CX, 2015)		0.42
" Furthermore, it makes it possible to reduce the dosage of concomitant medication."( Effect of the combination of uridine nucleotides, folic acid and vitamin B12 on the clinical expression of peripheral neuropathies.
Alcino, S; Almeida, P; Duro, H; Figueira, R; Gonçalves, S; Libório, T; Melo Silva, U; Negrão, L; Neto Parra, L, 2014)		0.4
"The aqueous solubility and drug product dissolution are important factors that determine the rate and extent of drug absorption from immediate release solid oral dosage forms."( Folic acid: a biopharmaceutical evaluation.
Bellavinha, KR; Leite, JC; Silva-Barcellos, NM; Souza, JB; Souza, Jd, 2015)		0.42
" Fertile-age women are not able to get enough folate from their diet, therefore right timing and proper dosing of folic acid is the object of numerous studies."( [Folic acid and prevention of the neural tube defects].
Doležálková, E; Unzeitig, V, 2014)		0.4
" dosage should be individualized according to risk."( [Folic acid and prevention of the neural tube defects].
Doležálková, E; Unzeitig, V, 2014)		0.4
" This study aimed to summarize the evidence regarding this relationship using a dose-response meta-analytic approach."( Folate intake and the risk of breast cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Gao, HF; Hou, AJ; Shi, WW; Zhang, YF; Zhou, L; Zhou, YH, 2014)		0.4
" Dose-response meta-analysis also suggested that a 100 µg/day increase in folate intake had no significant effect on the risk of breast cancer (RR = 0."( Folate intake and the risk of breast cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Gao, HF; Hou, AJ; Shi, WW; Zhang, YF; Zhou, L; Zhou, YH, 2014)		0.4
"Our study revealed that folate intake had little or no effect on the risk of breast cancer; moreover, a dose-response meta-analysis suggested a J-shaped association between folate intake and breast cancer."( Folate intake and the risk of breast cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Gao, HF; Hou, AJ; Shi, WW; Zhang, YF; Zhou, L; Zhou, YH, 2014)		0.4
" The TCDD group mice were dosed with TCDD 28 microg/kg body weight on gestation day 10 (GD 10) animals in folic acid group were respectively dosed with folic acid 15, 10, 5 mg/kg and TCDD 28 microg/kg; resveratrol treated mice were divided into 3 groups: resveratrol 50 mg/kg were orally administered for 6 consecutive days, from gestational day GD 8 to GD13 in resveratrol (GD8-13 ) group; resveratrol 50 mg/kg were orally administered for 6 consecutive days, from gestational day GD 8 to GD13, followed hy an oral administered with TCDD on GD10 in resveratrol (GD8-13) + TCDD group; resveratrol 50mg/kg and TCDD 28 microg/kg were used by gavage administration at GD10 in resveratrol (GD10) + TCDD group."( [The antagonistic effect of folic acid and resveratrol on cleft palate in mice induced by TCDD].
Fu, YX; Gan, LQ; He, XM; Liu, CP; Liu, Y; Qiu, L; Tian, XF; Wei, GH; Xiao, J; Yuan, XG, 2013)		0.39
" The modeled dose-response relation was consistent with the existing literature."( Population red blood cell folate concentrations for prevention of neural tube defects: Bayesian model.
Berry, RJ; Crider, KS; Devine, O; Dowling, NF; Hao, L; Li, S; Li, Z; Molloy, AM; Zhu, J, 2014)		0.4
" Doses can vary 20-fold between patients, and incorrect dosing can result in serious adverse events."( Genetic variant in folate homeostasis is associated with lower warfarin dose in African Americans.
Altman, RB; Burkley, B; Bustamante, CD; Cavallari, LH; Daneshjou, R; Gamazon, ER; Hillenmeyer, S; Johnson, JA; Karczewski, KJ; Klein, TE; Langaee, T; Limdi, N; Patel, SR; Percha, B; Perera, MA, 2014)		0.4
" Because the half-life of low molecular weight folate conjugates in the vasculature is usually <1 h, these data suggest that targeting of folate conjugates to activated macrophages in vivo can be maximized by frequent dosing at conjugate concentrations that barely saturate FR (∼150 nmol/kg), thereby minimizing nonspecific binding to receptor-negative tissues and maximizing the probability that unoccupied cell surface receptors will be exposed to folate-drug conjugate."( Folate receptor-β in activated macrophages: ligand binding and receptor recycling kinetics.
Ayala Lopez, W; Low, PS; Paulos, CM; Reddy, J; Varghese, B; Vlashi, E; Xia, W; Xu, LC, 2014)		0.4
" Taken together, our evaluations show that PTX/TS-CS-PEG-FA micelle is a potential drug delivery system of PTX for the effective treatment of the tumor and systematic toxicity reduction, thus, the micellar formulation can provide a useful alternative dosage form for intravenous administration of PTX."( In vivo pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and anti-tumor effect of paclitaxel-loaded targeted chitosan-based polymeric micelle.
Emami, J; Hasanzadeh, F; Lavasanifar, A; Minaiyan, M; Mostafavi, A; Rezazadeh, M; Rostami, M; Sadeghi, H, 2016)		0.43
" The intake of folic acid among mothers of infants with severe IH was lower than among mothers of infants with mild IH, suggesting a dose-response relationship."( Possible preventive effect of high doses of folic acid for isolated hypospadias: a national population-based case-control study.
Ács, N; Czeizel, AE; Mavrogenis, S; Urban, R, 2014)		0.4
"36) than children whose mothers used a recommended dosage of FA supplements (400-1000 μg/d)."( Folic acid supplements during pregnancy and child psychomotor development after the first year of life.
Fernandez-Somoano, A; Forns, J; García de la Hera, M; Ibarluzea, JM; Julvez, J; Lertxundi, N; Murcia, M; Navarrete-Muñoz, EM; Rebagliato, M; Tardón, A; Valera-Gran, D; Vioque, J, 2014)		0.4
" The photo-killing effect increased with increasing dosage in the investigated concentration range of 50-100 μg ml(-1)."( A novel folic acid-conjugated TiO₂-SiO₂ photosensitizer for cancer targeting in photodynamic therapy.
Feng, X; Lou, X; Wu, H; Zhang, S, 2015)		0.42
" This study sought to summarise the evidence regarding these relationships using a dose-response meta-analysis approach."( Folate intake, serum folate levels, and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Huang, JY; Wang, JN; Wang, R; Zhang, AQ; Zheng, Y; Zhou, YH, 2014)		0.4
"In the present study, pregnant mice were dosed with TCDD 24 µg/kg and with or without FA 5 mg/kg body weight on gestation day 10."( [Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced cleft palate because of partial loss of cell polarity to interfere with apoptosis during early developmental stage].
He, W; Li, C; Lu, S; Meng, T; Shi, B, 2014)		0.4
" A significant dose-response of duration of use was observed among women who used folic acid supplemention during pregnancy only (P-trend=0."( Folic acid supplementation and dietary folate intake, and risk of preeclampsia.
Bai, H; Chen, Y; Cui, H; Dang, Y; Ehrenkranz, RA; Han, X; He, X; Huang, H; Kim, C; Liang, J; Lin, R; Lin, X; Liu, Q; Liu, S; Liu, X; Lv, L; Ma, B; Qiu, J; Qiu, W; Su, J; Tang, Z; Wang, S; Wang, W; Wang, Y; Xu, R; Xu, X; Yao, T; Zhang, C; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y; Zhao, N; Zhou, M; Zhu, D, 2015)		0.42
" To examine what is known about folate metabolism and the release of circulating UMFA, the Key Events Dose-Response Framework (KEDRF) was used to review each of the major key events, dose-response characteristics and homeostatic mechanisms of folate metabolism."( Application of the Key Events Dose-response Framework to Folate Metabolism.
Hu, J; Sahyoun, NR; Wang, B, 2016)		0.43
"There is a range of methotrexate dosing regimens for psoriasis."( Methotrexate Dosing Regimen for Plaque-type Psoriasis: A Systematic Review of the Use of Test-dose, Start-dose, Dosing Scheme, Dose Adjustments, Maximum Dose and Folic Acid Supplementation.
Dekker, PM; Hooft, L; Limpens, J; Menting, SP; Spuls, PI, 2016)		0.43
" The present study aimed to examine the dose-response curve between fruit and vegetable consumption and carotenoid (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin), folate and vitamin C concentrations."( Prediction of fruit and vegetable intake from biomarkers using individual participant data of diet-controlled intervention studies.
Boshuizen, HC; Brazionis, L; Bub, A; Castenmiller, JJ; Chopra, M; de Vries, JH; Dragsted, LO; Freese, R; Itsiopoulos, C; Karlsen, A; Miller, ER; Naber, TH; O'Dea, K; Pasman, WJ; Souverein, OW; van der Voet, H; van Het Hof, K; van Loo-Bouwman, CA; Watzl, B; Winkels, R, 2015)		0.42
" Folate intake impacts blood folate concentration; however, the dose-response between natural food folate and blood folate concentrations has not been well described."( Assessing the association between natural food folate intake and blood folate concentrations: a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis of trials and observational studies.
Berry, RJ; Cordero, AM; Crider, KS; Devine, OJ; Guo, J; Hamner, HC; Marchetta, CM; Mersereau, P; Mulinare, J; Qi, YP; Rosenthal, J; Tsang, BL, 2015)		0.42
"Three DOX formulations were injected into the tail vein of the mice at a dosage of 5 mg/kg."( Quantification of DOX bioavailability in biological samples of mice by sensitive and precise HPLC assay.
Dong, Y; Wu, Y; Xu, H; Zhang, C; Zhao, L, 2016)		0.43
" Moreover, fortification must be preceded by more research to elucidate the dose-response relation between intake and changes in serum 25(OH)D."( Use of Folate-Based and Other Fortification Scenarios Illustrates Different Shifts for Tails of the Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations.
Bailey, RL; Carriquiry, AL; Taylor, CL, 2015)		0.42
" The dosing regimen improved treatment outcomes more than two fold from untargeted nanoATV/r."( Pharmacodynamics of folic acid receptor targeted antiretroviral nanotherapy in HIV-1-infected humanized mice.
Araínga, M; Dash, P; Gendelman, HE; Gorantla, S; McMillan, J; Mosley, RL; Palandri, D; Poluektova, L; Puligujja, P, 2015)		0.42
" However, this is based on studies conducted with lower MTX dosage than used currently."( Comparison of two different folic acid doses with methotrexate--a randomized controlled trial (FOLVARI Study).
Dhir, V; Gupta, N; Kaur, J; Kaur, P; Kumar, P; Pinto, B; Sandhu, A; Sharma, A; Sharma, S; Sood, A, 2015)		0.42
" Considerable decrease in genome-wide methylation rate was associated with elevated dosage of aluminum maltolate (0."( [Research of aluminum to the cognitive ability and genome-wide methylation in rats].
Kang, P; Li, Z; Niu, Q; Ren, P; Yang, X; Yuan, Y, 2015)		0.42
"83) with a significant dose-response relationship (P for trend = 0."( Folic acid supplementation, dietary folate intake and risk of preterm birth in China.
Bai, H; Chen, Y; Cui, H; Dang, Y; Han, X; He, X; Huang, H; Lerro, C; Liang, J; Lin, R; Lin, X; Liu, Q; Liu, S; Liu, X; Lv, L; Ma, B; Qiu, J; Qiu, W; Su, J; Tang, Z; Wang, W; Wang, Y; Xu, R; Xu, X; Yao, T; Zhang, C; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y; Zhao, N; Zhou, M; Zhu, D, 2016)		0.43
" With limited dosing regimens, the antiarthritic activity of EC0565 was found superior to that of etanercept, everolimus and a nontargeted everolimus analog."( Antiinflammatory Activity of a Novel Folic Acid Targeted Conjugate of the mTOR Inhibitor Everolimus.
Cross, VA; Gehrke, MA; Hahn, SJ; Klein, PJ; Kleindl, PJ; Leamon, CP; Low, PS; Lu, Y; Parker, N; Santhapuram, HK; Stinnette, TW; Vaughn, JF; Vlahov, IR; Wang, K; Westrick, E; Wollak, K; You, F, 2015)		0.42
" We performed a review looking for the optimal dosage of folic acid that should be given to women of reproductive age who are planning or not avoiding conception to propose updated guidelines and thus help health care providers and patients."( Folic acid supplementation for pregnant women and those planning pregnancy: 2015 update.
Amitai, Y; Chitayat, D; Kennedy, D; Koren, G; Matsui, D; Rieder, M; Vohra, S, 2016)		0.43
" This will help physicians, midwives, nurses, and other health care workers to assist in the education of women about the proper use and dosage of folic acid/multivitamin supplementation before and during pregnancy."( Pre-conception Folic Acid and Multivitamin Supplementation for the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Neural Tube Defects and Other Folic Acid-Sensitive Congenital Anomalies.
Audibert, F; Brock, JA; Carroll, J; Cartier, L; Deb-Rinker, P; Dodds, L; Gagnon, A; Johnson, JA; Langlois, S; Leon, JA; Lowel, HL; Luo, W; MacFarlane, A; McMillan, R; Moore, A; Mundle, W; Murphy-Kaulbeck, L; O'Connor, D; Okun, N; Pastuck, M; Ray, J; Van den Hof, M; Wilson, RD, 2015)		0.42
"001 for high-FA] in a dose-response fashion (Ptrend < 0."( Protective Effect of Folic Acid on Oxidative DNA Damage: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial.
Chen, Z; Cui, H; Guan, X; Guo, X; Jia, C; Mao, G; Qiu, W; Wu, J; Yang, H; Yang, Z; Zhang, C; Zhang, H; Zhang, Z, 2015)		0.42
"Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to eight groups dosed with corn oil (control group), ATRA (80 mg/kg), FA (40 mg/kg), or ATRA (80 mg/kg) + FA (2."( Dose-Dependent Antiteratogenic Effects of Folic Acid on All-Trans Retinoic Acid-Induced Cleft Palate in Fetal Mice.
Chen, W; Wang, H, 2016)		0.43
"Among the pregnant mice dosed with ATRA+FA, those dosed with 5 mg/kg FA had fetuses with the lowest incidence of cleft palate."( Dose-Dependent Antiteratogenic Effects of Folic Acid on All-Trans Retinoic Acid-Induced Cleft Palate in Fetal Mice.
Chen, W; Wang, H, 2016)		0.43
"68) were associated with high dosage use."( Use of high doses of folic acid supplements in pregnant women in Spain: an INMA cohort study.
García de la Hera, M; Gimenez-Monzo, D; Ibarluzea, J; Julvez, J; Morales, E; Murcia, M; Navarrete-Muñoz, EM; Rebagliato, M; Riaño, I; Santa-Marina, L; Tardón, A; Valera-Gran, D; Vioque, J, 2015)		0.42
" Subgroup analyses suggest that the positive effect of folic acid on NTD incidence and recurrence is not affected by the explored daily folic acid dosage (400 µg (0."( Effects and safety of periconceptional oral folate supplementation for preventing birth defects.
De-Regil, LM; Fernández-Gaxiola, AC; Peña-Rosas, JP; Rayco-Solon, P, 2015)		0.42
" Second, in vivo effect of different dosage patterns and concentrations in the development of hepatic metastasis was analyzed by intra-splenic inoculation of C26 colon carcinoma cells in Balb/c mice."( Ocoxin® oral solution slows down tumor growth in an experimental model of colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver in Balb/c mice.
Arteta, B; Benedicto, A; Hernandez-Unzueta, I; Márquez, J; Mena, J; Olaso, E; Sanz, E, 2016)		0.43
" A recent study published in the British Medical Journal provides evidence for a generalizable dose-response relation between folate status and risk of NTD."( Folate and Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: New Insights from a Bayesian Model.
Bohn, T; Ströhle, A, 2015)		0.42
" In addition, the homocysteine blood concentration just before the first cycle dosage of pemetrexed was significantly elevated relative to the 2-3 cycle."( Phase II study of oral vitamin B12 supplementation as an alternative to intramuscular injection for patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing pemetrexed therapy.
Hosomi, Y; Nagamata, M; Nakahara, Y; Okamura, T; Okuma, Y; Shimokawa, T; Sunami, K; Takagi, Y; Takahashi, S; Watanabe, K; Yomota, M, 2016)		0.43
"2% completed their planned dosage within a 9-week feasibility time frame."( Reduced folate and serum vitamin metabolites in patients with rectal carcinoma: an open-label feasibility study of pemetrexed with folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation.
Björkqvist, HG; Carlsson, GU; Gustavsson, BG; Kurlberg, GK; Odin, EA; Stoffregen, CC; Tångefjord, MT, 2016)		0.43
" This method was successfully used to determine concentration of EC1456 and its metabolites tubulysin B hydrazide and tubulysin B in tumor homogenates in preliminary experiments with KB tumor bearing mice dosed intravenously with EC1456."( Development and validation of a UPLC-MS/MS method for the novel folate-targeted small molecule drug conjugate EC1456 and its metabolites in tumor homogenates from mice.
Klein, PJ; Leamon, CP; Nelson, M; Pugh, M; Rao, SI; Reddy, JA, 2016)		0.43
" Multivitamin supplements were taken at a dosage of one pill every day for 12 weeks through the oral route."( Effects of Multivitamin Supplements on Cognitive Function, Serum Homocysteine Level, and Depression of Korean Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment in Care Facilities.
Kim, SY; Lee, HK; Sok, SR, 2016)		0.43
" Combining bioimaging of carbon dots, stimulus responsive property, gene silencing strategy, and active targeting motif, this multi-functionalized, integrated theranostic nanoagent may provide a useful tool and platform to benefit clinicians adjusting therapeutic strategy and administered drug dosage in real time response by monitoring the effect and tracking the development of carcinomatous tissues in diagnostic and therapeutic aspects."( Multi-functionalized carbon dots as theranostic nanoagent for gene delivery in lung cancer therapy.
Chang, CW; Kuan, CH; Lin, CJ; Wang, LW; Wang, TW; Wu, HC; Wu, YF, 2016)		0.43
" Additional analyses assessing the effect of low RBC and serum folate and dose-response relationship were performed."( Folic Acid Supplementation in Pregnancy and the Risk of Pre-Eclampsia-A Cohort Study.
Guo, Y; Perkins, SL; Rodger, M; Smith, GN; Walker, MC; Wen, SW; White, RR; Yang, Q, 2016)		0.43
" The association between B vitamins and survival might serve either as a tool for risk stratification or, if causative, as effective therapy, if optimal dosing of B vitamins is provided and on-treatment concentrations, including homocysteine and renal functions, are closely monitored."( B-Vitamin Serum Concentrations Predicting Long-Term Overall and Stroke-Free Survival after Carotid Endarterectomy.
Assadian, A; Basic, J; Duschek, N; Falkensammer, J; Taher, F, 2016)		0.43
" For FA treatment, TCDD-treated mice were also dosed with 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg FA on GD 10, while for α-naphthoflavone treatment, the mice received a single dose of 50 μg/kg or 5 mg/kg α-naphthoflavone on GD 10."( Comparative Study of Folic Acid and α-Naphthoflavone on Reducing TCDD-Induced Cleft Palate in Fetal Mice.
Fu, Y; He, X; Liu, C; Pu, W; Qiu, L; Wang, C; Yuan, X; Zhang, X, 2017)		0.46
" This study has provided evidence that a high dosage of folic acid supplements throughout pregnancy reduces Hcy concentrations at the time of delivery."( The Effect of High Dose Folic Acid throughout Pregnancy on Homocysteine (Hcy) Concentration and Pre-Eclampsia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Alizadeh, M; Bidadi, S; Ghojazadeh, M; Ghorbanihaghjo, A; Kazemi-Shishvan, M; Sayyah-Melli, M, 2016)		0.43
"Higher levels of FR autoimmunity in maternal plasma are associated with elevated risk of NTDs in a dose-response manner."( Levels of folate receptor autoantibodies in maternal and cord blood and risk of neural tube defects in a Chinese population.
Cabrera, RM; Finnell, RH; Jin, L; Li, Z; Ren, A; Wang, L; Yang, N; Ye, R; Zhang, L, 2016)		0.43
"Utilizing 1999-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and linked mortality data, we performed a cohort study with 28,845 participants and used Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline plots to elucidate the dose-response relationships between serum folate status and all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality."( Serum folate concentrations and all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality: A cohort study based on 1999-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Dong, B; Peng, Y; Wang, Z, 2016)		0.43
" While many authorities believe that epidermal pigmentation evolved to protect against either ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation-induced mutagenesis or folic acid photolysis, we hypothesize that pigmentation augmented the epidermal barriers by shifting the UV-B dose-response curve from toxic to beneficial."( Basis for the gain and subsequent dilution of epidermal pigmentation during human evolution: The barrier and metabolic conservation hypotheses revisited.
Elias, PM; Williams, ML, 2016)		0.43
"1 mg of folic acid in combination with vitamin B6 and B12 is less effective in reducing migraine associated symptoms compared to the previously tested dosage of 2 mg folic acid in combination with 25 mg of vitamin B6 and 400 μg of vitamin B12."( The effect of 1 mg folic acid supplementation on clinical outcomes in female migraine with aura patients.
Avgan, N; Ghassabian, S; Griffiths, L; Lea, R; Menon, S; Nasir, B; Oliver, C; Smith, M, 2016)		0.43
" While there is a definite need for more research in all these supplements to determine true efficacy, dosage and target populations, they can be used as mono- or adjunctive therapies to good effect, and show superior safety profiles when compared with more traditional alternatives."( Does Diet Matter? The Use of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) and Other Dietary Supplements in Inflammation-Associated Depression.
Hastings, CN; Mondelli, V; Pariante, CM; Sheridan, H, 2017)		0.46
" Subgroup analysis indicated that the follow-up time, the dosage of folic acid and vitamin B12 and B6, the history of diseases had no confounding effect on the incidence of cardio-cerebrovascular disease events."( [Meta-analysis on effect of combined supplementation of folic acid, vitamin B12 and B6 on risk of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in randomized control trials].
Dang, SN; Lan, X; Yan, H; Zhao, YL, 2016)		0.43
", serum retinol, RBP, breast-milk retinol, dose-response tests, isotope dilution methodology, and serum retinyl esters)."( Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND)-Vitamin A Review.
Craft, NE; Gannon, BM; Haskell, MJ; Lietz, G; Raiten, DJ; Russell, RM; Schulze, K; Stephensen, CB; Tanumihardjo, SA, 2016)		0.43
"To provide accurate estimates of the commencement time, duration and dosage of folic acid (FA) supplementation taken by Irish women in the periconceptional period."( Duration of periconceptional folic acid supplementation in women booking for antenatal care.
Cawley, S; Farren, M; Kennedy, R; McCartney, D; Mullaney, L; Turner, MJ, 2017)		0.46
" A dose-response relation between the number of capsules taken and concentrations of folate and ferritin was observed for all micronutrient supplements."( A Prenatal Multiple Micronutrient Supplement Produces Higher Maternal Vitamin B-12 Concentrations and Similar Folate, Ferritin, and Zinc Concentrations as the Standard 60-mg Iron Plus 400-μg Folic Acid Supplement in Rural Bangladeshi Women.
Ekström, EC; Lönnerdal, B; Rahman, A; Raqib, R; Ziaei, S, 2016)		0.43
" The findings of the present study provided an ideal drug delivery system for breast cancer therapy due to the advanced chemo-photothermal synergistic targeted therapy and good drug release properties of DOX-FA-PEG-ZnO NS, which could effectively avoid frequent and invasive dosing and improve patient compliance."( Synergistic effect of chemo-photothermal for breast cancer therapy using folic acid (FA) modified zinc oxide nanosheet.
Kannan, S; Shanthi, K; Sundarraj, S; Vimala, K, 2017)		0.46
" This study aims to summarize the evidence regarding these relationships using a dose-response meta-analysis approach."( Folate intake, serum folate levels and esophageal cancer risk: an overall and dose-response meta-analysis.
Guo, C; Hu, H; Jiang, L; Li, H; Ma, J; Zhao, E; Zhao, Y; Zheng, L, 2017)		0.46
" HT was administered at a daily dosage of 45mg for 8 weeks to volunteers with mild hyperlipidemia (n=14)."( Hydroxytyrosol supplementation increases vitamin C levels in vivo. A human volunteer trial.
Fonolla, J; Lopez-Huertas, E, 2017)		0.46
"Targeted drug delivery has long been extensively researched since drug delivery and release at the diseased site with minimum dosage realizes the effective therapy without adverse side effects."( Synergistically enhanced selective intracellular uptake of anticancer drug carrier comprising folic acid-conjugated hydrogels containing magnetite nanoparticles.
Baek, S; Cho, SK; Chung, JW; Jo, A; Kim, H; Lim, D; Park, SY; Yoon, J, 2017)		0.46
" We propose that changes in dosing procedures could improve the delivery and therapeutic index for methotrexate and other folic acid-targeted drug conjugates and imaging agents."( Folate binding protein: therapeutic natural nanotechnology for folic acid, methotrexate, and leucovorin.
Banaszak Holl, MM; Boutom, SM; Chen, J; Frey, C; Marsh, EN; Merzel, RL; Shedden, K, 2017)		0.46
" For dosage forms containing 5 mg folic acid, the highest dose strength on the World Health Organization Essential Medicines List, the dose/solubility ratio calculated from solubility studies was higher than 250 mL, corresponding to a classification as "not highly soluble."( Biowaiver Monographs for Immediate-Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Folic Acid.
Abrahamsson, B; Bellavinha, KR; Cristofoletti, R; Dressman, JB; Groot, DW; Hofsäss, MA; Langguth, P; Mehta, MU; Parr, A; Polli, JE; Shah, VP; Silva-Barcellos, NM; Souza, J; Tajiri, T, 2017)		0.46
"Dams dosed with excessive folate (HFol group) delivered low birth weight (LBW) offsprings (p<0."( Combination of vitamin B12 active forms improved fetal growth in Wistar rats through up-regulation of placental miR-16 and miR-21 levels.
Apte, K; Joshi, K; Mishra, S; More, A; Otiv, S; Shah, T, 2017)		0.46
" Hence, a comprehensive and dose-response meta-analysis was performed to clarify the association between folate intake and HNSCC risk."( Association between folate intake and risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: An overall and dose-response PRISMA meta-analysis.
Cheng, Z; Ding, X; Fan, C; Su, J; Yu, S; Zhang, S, 2017)		0.46
" Points of intervention may include pre-conception initiation of folic acid, optimization of dosing of AEDs with contraceptives, guidelines for peripartum seizure treatment, and establishment of a prospective registry for WWE and their offspring."( Contraception, pregnancy, and peripartum experiences among women with epilepsy in Bhutan.
Bui, E; Clark, SJ; Dema, U; Dorji, C; Grundy, SJ; Halani, S; Lhamo, S; Mateen, FJ; Nirola, DK; Pem, T; Tshering, L, 2017)		0.46
"Higher intake of food folate and fortified folic acid in foods was associated with a decreasing HNC risk in a dose-response manner."( The impact of folate intake on the risk of head and neck cancer in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial (PLCO) cohort.
Buys, SS; Gren, LH; Hashibe, M; Kawakita, D; La Vecchia, C; Lee, YA, 2018)		0.48
"Our findings suggest that a high dosage of FA (≥ 1000 µg/day) may be associated with an increased risk of SGA-w at birth."( High doses of folic acid in the periconceptional period and risk of low weight for gestational age at birth in a population based cohort study.
Amiano, P; Garcia-de-la-Hera, M; Gonzalez-Palacios, S; Guxens, M; Lertxundi, A; Murcia, M; Navarrete-Muñoz, EM; Rebagliato, M; Riaño, I; Tardón, A; Valera-Gran, D; Vioque, J; Vrijheid, M, 2019)		0.51
" Our data suggest that compared with never smokers, ever smokers may require a higher dosage of folic acid to achieve a greater beneficial effect on stroke."( Effect of Smoking and Folate Levels on the Efficacy of Folic Acid Therapy in Prevention of Stroke in Hypertensive Men.
Cai, Y; Cheng, X; Dong, Q; He, M; Hou, FF; Huang, X; Huo, Y; Li, J; Li, Y; Liu, L; Qin, X; Song, Y; Tang, G; Wang, B; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Xu, X; Yin, D; Yu, Y; Zhang, Y; Zhao, M; Zhou, Z, 2018)		0.48
" There is little agreement about the proper dosing or frequency of folate supplementation as many believe that daily folate supplementation can reduce methotrexate efficacy."( Does daily folic acid supplementation reduce methotrexate efficacy?
Cline, A; Jorizzo, JL, 2017)		0.46
" Patients and methods In an open, prospective, non-blinded, non-comparative observational study, 3602 infertile women used myo-inositol and folic acid between 2 and 3 months in a dosage of 2 × 2000 mg myo-inositol +2 × 200 μg folic acid per day."( Management of women with PCOS using myo-inositol and folic acid. New clinical data and review of the literature.
Druckman, R; Lesoine, B; Regidor, PA; Schindler, AE, 2018)		0.48
" Additional studies should be conducted to confirm these findings and refine the optimal dosing regimen."( A Randomized Trial of a Novel Chewable Multivitamin and Mineral Supplement Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.
Furtado, M; Papas, K; Perin, J; Prokopowicz, G; Steele, KE, 2018)		0.48
"The dose-response relationship between folate and the risk of esophageal cancer (EC) is not clear."( Folate intake, serum folate, and risk of esophageal cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
Du, J; Lu, M; Ni, Y; Yin, X, 2019)		0.51
" Therefore, DSPE-PEG-FA is considered as a proper stabilizer with active targeting effect for ACGs-NSps to reduce toxicity, enlarge the safe dosage range and apply in clinic for the treatment of folate-positive tumors."( Folate-targeting annonaceous acetogenins nanosuspensions: significantly enhanced antitumor efficacy in HeLa tumor-bearing mice.
Ao, H; Bi, D; Guo, Y; Han, M; Li, H; Li, Y; Wang, X, 2018)		0.48
" These dose-response estimates may be used to derive folate intake reference values."( Systematic Review of Observational Studies with Dose-Response Meta-Analysis between Folate Intake and Status Biomarkers in Adults and the Elderly.
de Groot, LCPGM; Duffy, M; Dullemeijer, C; Geelen, A; Glibetić, M; Gurinović, M; Hoey, L; McNulty, H; Nikolić, M; Novaković, R; Renkema, JMS; Ristić-Medić, D; Souverein, OW; Van't Veer, P, 2018)		0.48
" However, the severe side effect during long term and high dosage usage limit its application."( Dual-functional lipid polymeric hybrid pH-responsive nanoparticles decorated with cell penetrating peptide and folate for therapy against rheumatoid arthritis.
Lee, RJ; Li, Y; Sun, F; Sun, X; Teng, L; Yu, C; Zhang, X; Zhao, J; Zhao, M; Zhou, Y, 2018)		0.48
" Further investigations are necessary to increase the reliability of the results and estimate the relationship between dose-response and the best outcome."( Maternal Folate Intake and Risk of Childhood Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Chiavarini, M; Fabiani, R; Naldini, G, 2018)		0.48
"To review the evidence for benefits and harms of folate (folic acid or folinic acid) supplementation on methotrexate (MTX) treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), to assess whether or not folate supplementation would reduce MTX toxicity or reduce MTX benefits, and to decide whether a higher MTX dosage is essential."( Folate Supplementation for Methotrexate Therapy in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review.
Guan, W; He, Y; Hu, W; Li, T; Liu, L; Liu, S; Liu, X; Lu, J; Wang, C; Wang, P; Xuan, Y; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y, 2019)		0.51
" Additional studies are required to determine both the dosage of folic acid and the timing of folic acid intake needed for optimal neurodevelopment in humans."( Maternal oversupplementation with folic acid and its impact on neurodevelopment of offspring.
Jadavji, NM; Murray, LK; Smith, MJ, 2018)		0.48
"The goal of this study was to evaluate the dose-response association of serum folate with the risk of CIN, and the potential for HPV to modify the risk of CIN."( Interactions between serum folate and human papillomavirus with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia risk in a Chinese population-based study.
Hao, M; Li, D; Li, L; Liu, H; Lv, W; Mason, TG; Ran, J; Song, J; Truong, A; Wang, C; Wang, J; Wang, W; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Yang, A; Yang, J; Zhao, W; Zheng, T, 2018)		0.48
" Both categoric and spline analyses were used to evaluate the dose-response relation between serum folate and CIN risk."( Interactions between serum folate and human papillomavirus with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia risk in a Chinese population-based study.
Hao, M; Li, D; Li, L; Liu, H; Lv, W; Mason, TG; Ran, J; Song, J; Truong, A; Wang, C; Wang, J; Wang, W; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Yang, A; Yang, J; Zhao, W; Zheng, T, 2018)		0.48
"CSF 5MTHF dosage should be considered in patients with mitochondrial diseases, primary brain calcifications and unexplained complex neurological disorders especially if associated with WMA, since folinic acid supplementation in patients with sCFD is frequently efficient."( Cerebral folate deficiency in adults: A heterogeneous potentially treatable condition.
Benoist, JF; Lubetzki, C; Masingue, M; Moussa, F; Nadjar, Y; Roze, E; Sedel, F, 2019)		0.51
"The threshold for population-level optimal red blood cell (RBC) folate concentration among women of reproductive age for the prevention of neural tube defects has been estimated at 906 nmol/L; however, the dose-response relationship between folic acid intake and blood folate concentrations is uncharacterized."( Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-analysis of the Dose-response Relationship between Folic Acid Intake and Changes in Blood Folate Concentrations.
Berry, RJ; Crider, KS; Devine, O; Qi, YP; Rose, CE; Sekkarie, A; Wong, E; Yeung, LF; Zaganjor, I, 2019)		0.51
" A randomized trial has recently been published evaluating a single weekly dosage (17."( Methotrexate efficacy and tolerance in plaque psoriasis. A prospective real-life multicentre study in France.
Amy de la Breteque, M; Avenel-Audran, M; Bastien, M; Beauchet, A; Bégon, E; Beneton, N; Boyé, T; Fougerousse, AC; Girard, C; Khemis, A; Maccari, F; Mahé, E; Pallure, V; Parier, J; Perrot, JL; Reguiai, Z; Tournier, A, 2019)		0.51
" The impact of demographic data, psoriasis characteristics (duration, topography, rheumatism), dosage (W12/16 dosage, cumulative dose after 4 weeks), and mode of administration (subcutaneous vs."( Methotrexate efficacy and tolerance in plaque psoriasis. A prospective real-life multicentre study in France.
Amy de la Breteque, M; Avenel-Audran, M; Bastien, M; Beauchet, A; Bégon, E; Beneton, N; Boyé, T; Fougerousse, AC; Girard, C; Khemis, A; Maccari, F; Mahé, E; Pallure, V; Parier, J; Perrot, JL; Reguiai, Z; Tournier, A, 2019)		0.51
" The initial dosage (high dose in the first month) appears to be associated with superior efficacy for W12/W16."( Methotrexate efficacy and tolerance in plaque psoriasis. A prospective real-life multicentre study in France.
Amy de la Breteque, M; Avenel-Audran, M; Bastien, M; Beauchet, A; Bégon, E; Beneton, N; Boyé, T; Fougerousse, AC; Girard, C; Khemis, A; Maccari, F; Mahé, E; Pallure, V; Parier, J; Perrot, JL; Reguiai, Z; Tournier, A, 2019)		0.51
" Future preclinical studies are needed to help us characterize the behavioral effects, understand the underlying mechanisms, and to establish an optimal dosage and time window of folate supplementation."( The Importance of Maternal Folate Status for Brain Development and Function of Offspring.
Brouwer-Brolsma, EM; Naninck, EFG; Stijger, PC, 2019)		0.51
" Liver biopsy was considered when the total cumulative dosage (TCD) of MTX was ≥3."( "Hepatic toxicity by methotrexate with weekly single doses associated with folic acid in rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis. What is its real frequency?"
Abritta, G; Ascimani-Peña, C; Cravero, A; García, DS; Martínez-Artola, Y; Poncino, D; Rosenberg, S; Saturansky, EI, )		0.13
" We also adopted generalized least-squares trend (GLST) estimation for the dose-response analysis."( Association of maternal folate intake during pregnancy with infant asthma risk.
Cao, Y; Hu, C; Kong, J; Li, W; Shao, Y; Tan, X; Wu, J; Wu, W; Wu, X; Xie, K; Xu, B; Zhou, J, 2019)		0.51
" These patterns can be compared with secular trends of usual medical practice for the treatment of pernicious anemia and with the changes in usage of folic acid preparations, including recommended therapeutic dosage and precautions for its usage surrounding the synthesis of folic acid in 1945 and vitamin B12 in 1948."( Lack of historical evidence to support folic acid exacerbation of the neuropathy caused by vitamin B12 deficiency.
Berry, RJ, 2019)		0.51
" By controlling the concentration and dosing schedule of adapter administration, we document two methods that can rapidly terminate (<3 h) a pre-existing CRS-like toxicity and two unrelated methods that can pre-emptively prevent a CRS-like toxicity that would have otherwise occurred."( Regulation of CAR T cell-mediated cytokine release syndrome-like toxicity using low molecular weight adapters.
Chu, H; Leamon, CP; Lee, YG; Low, PS; Lu, Y; Putt, KS; Srinivasarao, M, 2019)		0.51
" Our variables were demographic data, folate levels before and 8 weeks after treatment and cumulative dosage of UVA during 8 weeks of treatment."( Evaluation of serum folate level before and after bath PUVA therapy in patients referred to Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran.
Alizadeh, N; Darjani, A; Eftekhari, H; Gharaei Nejad, K; Rafiee, B; Rafiei, E; Rafiei, R; Yousefkhani, L, 2019)		0.51
" However, its dosing should be carefully considered because of possible renal damage."( The effect of folic acid administration on cardiac tissue matrix metalloproteinase activity and hepatorenal biomarkers in diabetic rats
Djuric, D; Gopcevic, K; Jakovljevic Uzelac, J; Labudovic Borovic, M; Mutavdzin, S; Stankovic, S, 2019)		0.51
" In this experimental animal study of early chick embryo model, we would like to determine if there is any dose-response relationship between VA and NTDs and if there is any protective effect of FA on this relationship in early chick embryo period."( Valproic acid effect on neural tube defects is not prevented by concomitant folic acid supplementation: Early chick embryo model pilot study.
Cakin, H; Kazan, S; Ozak, A; Turgut, U, 2019)		0.51
"The dose-response relationship between folate levels and cognitive impairment among individuals with vitamin B12 deficiency is an essential component of a risk-benefit analysis approach to regulatory and policy recommendations regarding folic acid fortification."( Assessment of the Dose-Response Relationship Between Folate Exposure and Cognitive Impairment: Synthesizing Data from Documented Studies.
Clarke, J; Dutta, E; Sahyoun, NR; Shao, K; Wang, B, 2020)		0.56
" A low dosage of loaded DTX in FA-CD@PP-CpG can promote infiltration of CTLs to improve efficacy of anti-PD-L1 antibody (aPD-L1), suppress MDSCs, and effectively polarize MDSCs toward M1 phenotype to reduce tumor burden, further to enhance the antitumor efficacy."( Tumor-Targeted Drug and CpG Delivery System for Phototherapy and Docetaxel-Enhanced Immunotherapy with Polarization toward M1-Type Macrophages on Triple Negative Breast Cancers.
Chen, L; Dong, C; Han, Y; Hu, X; Liang, S; Lin, Y; Liu, J; Lu, Y; Shi, S; Wang, C; Yao, T; Zhou, L, 2019)		0.51
"In light of the recommendation of folic acid supplementation in chronic hemolytic anemia, with possible supratherapeutic dosing and associated side effects, we performed this study to investigate serum folate levels in children with chronic hemolytic anemia."( Serum Folate Levels in Patients with Chronic Hemolytic Anemia on Regular Folic Acid Supplementation Before and After Dose Modification.
Attalla, S; Azzam, M, 2019)		0.51
"Phase 1 was a cross-sectional study of 134 patients in the Pediatric Hematology service, documenting daily dosage and performing serum folate levels."( Serum Folate Levels in Patients with Chronic Hemolytic Anemia on Regular Folic Acid Supplementation Before and After Dose Modification.
Attalla, S; Azzam, M, 2019)		0.51
"Dual-targeted drug delivery is a new drug dosing strategy that is frequently used to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs."( New Folate-Modified Human Serum Albumin Conjugated to Cationic Lipid Carriers for Dual Targeting of Mitoxantrone against Breast Cancer.
Azandaryani, AH; Kashanian, S; Mahdavian, E; Rafipour, R; Ridha, AA, 2020)		0.56
" These targeting moieties can be recognized by specific integrin/receptors that are overexpressed specifically on the tumor cell surface, resulting in minimizing dosage and reducing off-target effects."( Targeting strategies for superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in cancer therapy.
Fu, S; Yang, J; Yang, T; Zhang, S; Zhi, D, 2020)		0.56
"This study has provided evidence that a high dosage of FA supplement from 3 months before pregnancy until the entire pregnancy reduces the recurrent pre-eclampsia."( The effect of folic acid throughout pregnancy among pregnant women at high risk of pre-eclampsia: A randomized clinical trial.
Huang, J; Kong, H; Su, Y; Wang, F; Xin, H; Zheng, L, 2020)		0.56
" Further clinical research is advisable to identify the dosage and timing of the supplementation, the group of women that might benefit the most from this approach, and the nutraceuticals with the best cost-effectiveness and risk-benefit ratio for widespread use in clinical practice."( Nutraceuticals and Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy: The Available Clinical Evidence.
Cicero, AFG; Fogacci, F; Fogacci, S, 2020)		0.56
" In this review, we summarized the link across DNA methylation, maternal FAS, and offspring health to provide more evidence for clinical guidance in terms of precise FAS dosage and time point."( Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation Mediates Offspring Health via DNA Methylation.
Liu, HY; Liu, SM; Zhang, YZ, 2020)		0.56
"Preparing a controlled release dosage form for specific locations within the body is one of the most challenging tasks in the present times."( Folic acid modified gold nanoparticle for targeted delivery of Sorafenib tosylate towards the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
Dave, V; Gupta, C; Sharma, R; Sur, S, 2020)		0.56
" The exploration of the different cellular uptake mechanisms could improve treatment efficacy or allow a decrease in dosage of anticancer drugs."( Folate and Pegylated Aliphatic Polyester Nanoparticles for Targeted Anticancer Drug Delivery.
Agianian, B; Angelou, E; Avgoustakis, K; Bikiaris, D; Didaskalou, S; Koffa, MD; Tsolou, A, 2020)		0.56
" Pooled relative risks (RR) and dose-response analysis were used to examine dietary folate intake and cancers risks among Chinese population."( Association between Dietary Intake of Folate and the Risks of Multiple Cancers in Chinese Population: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.
Chen, S; Chen, Y; Wang, Y; Zhan, J, 2021)		0.62
" Dose-response analysis revealed that those maintaining 250 μg daily intake of dietary folate had the lowest risk of cancers events among Chinese."( Association between Dietary Intake of Folate and the Risks of Multiple Cancers in Chinese Population: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.
Chen, S; Chen, Y; Wang, Y; Zhan, J, 2021)		0.62
" The restricted cubic spline model was used for the dose-response analysis."( Red blood cell folate and severe abdominal aortic calcification: Results from the NHANES 2013-2014.
Guo, M; Peng, Y; Wen, X; Zhao, L; Zhou, L, 2021)		0.62
" Despite women experiencing challenges with midday dosing and stigma, using simple home-based strategies and being counseled on the purpose of supplementation were more effective than reducing dosage for mitigating barriers and improving adherence."( Integrating Calcium Into Antenatal Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation in Ethiopia: Women's Experiences, Perceptions of Acceptability, and Strategies to Support Calcium Supplement Adherence.
Birhanu, Z; Dickin, KL; Kebede, Y; Klemm, GC; Mamo, G; Martin, SL; Ortolano, SE, 2020)		0.56
" The results indicated a non-linear dose-response relationship between vitamin B6 intake and pancreatic risk."( Vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and methionine and risk of pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis.
Mao, QQ; Wei, DH, 2020)		0.56
" Hence, we conducted a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies to obtain more reliable conclusions."( Association of folate intake and plasma folate level with the risk of breast cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies.
Dai, Z; Hao, Q; Kang, H; Li, N; Liu, K; Ren, X; Song, D; Wu, Y; Xu, P; Yang, S; Zhai, Z; Zhang, D; Zheng, Y, 2020)		0.56
"Multiple variable logistic regression failed to demonstrate any statistically significant effect of folic acid dosage in reducing overall fetal malformation rates in women taking folic acid either before and during pregnancy (P = 0."( Folic acid dose, valproate, and fetal malformations.
Eadie, MJ; Graham, JE; Hitchcock, AA; Lander, CM; O'Brien, TJ; Perucca, P; Vajda, FJE, 2021)		0.62
" Knowledge of IFA supplement dosage and benefits also increased among frontline health care workers and pregnant women."( Training healthcare workers increases IFA use and adherence: Evidence and cost-effectiveness analysis from Bangladesh.
Busch-Hallen, J; Cotton, CS; Kashi, B; Kurzawa, Z; Mazurkewich, N; Verney, A, 2021)		0.62
" Results for A-549 showed a weaker dose-response effect than for colon cancer ones."( Methotrexate Gold Nanocarriers: Loading and Release Study: Its Activity in Colon and Lung Cancer Cells.
Álvarez, MA; Álvarez-González, B; Fernández-Perales, M; Rozalen, M; Sánchez-Polo, M, 2020)		0.56
" We also found two L-shaped dose-response curves among total folate intake, natural folate intake with depressive symptoms, respectively."( Total folate, natural folate and synthetic folic acid intake associations with adult depressive symptoms.
Jiang, W; Yu, X; Zhang, D; Zheng, L, 2020)		0.56
" And, it was suggested that the dosage of metformin should be less than 1700 mg/days."( The effect of metformin on homocysteine levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bai, Y; Fang, Z; Li, X; Pan, H; Wang, F; Yang, X; Zhang, C, 2021)		0.62
"Based on the optimization of particle size and embedding rate of PTX-loaded mixed NPs, the appropriate dosage ratio of FA-F87-PLGA to TPGS was finally determined to be 5:3."( Preparation and In Vitro/Vivo Evaluation of Folate-conjugated Pluronic F87-PLGA/TPGS Mixed Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery.
Gong, Y; Li, Y; Li, Z; Wu, T; Xiong, X, 2021)		0.62
" Further approaches taken to improve the efficacy of 5-FU chemotherapy regimens have focused on optimising the route and dosing schedules and regulating folate metabolism."( Metastatic colorectal cancer: Advances in the folate-fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy backbone.
de Gramont, A; Glimelius, B; Marshall, J; Stintzing, S; Yoshino, T, 2021)		0.62
"Associations and dose-response relationships between serum total folate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, and grip strength in general adults were unknown."( The relationship between serum folate and grip strength in American adults.
Li, Z; Sun, J; Zhang, D; Zhang, L, 2021)		0.62
" Non-linear positive dose-response relationships between serum folate and grip strength were also found only in females, not in males."( The relationship between serum folate and grip strength in American adults.
Li, Z; Sun, J; Zhang, D; Zhang, L, 2021)		0.62
"Our study suggested a positive association between serum folate and grip strength, while this positive association was only found in females; besides, the dose-response relationships were in a non-linear trend."( The relationship between serum folate and grip strength in American adults.
Li, Z; Sun, J; Zhang, D; Zhang, L, 2021)		0.62
" Cox regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs), and restricted cubic spline function was further modelled to investigate their dose-response associations."( Association between serum vitamin B12 and risk of all-cause mortality in elderly adults: a prospective cohort study.
Ding, X; Li, L; Liu, J; Liu, X; Sun, J; Xu, K; Zhang, Y, 2021)		0.62
"Development of dosage form comprising of Capecitabine loaded carbon nanotubes for its targeted delivery to the colon."( Colon targeted dosage form of Capecitabine using folic acid anchored modified carbon nanotube:
Bhinge, SD; Bhutkar, MA; Gavade, AS; Jadhav, NR; Randive, DS; Shejawal, KP, 2021)		0.62
" Higher total antioxidant intake was significantly associated with lower odds of depression and an inverse dose-response effect between total antioxidant intake and clinical severity of depression was observed among women, in adjusted models."( Associations of depression and intake of antioxidants and vitamin B complex: Results of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).
Barreto, SM; Benseñor, IM; Brunoni, AR; da Fonseca, MJM; de Aguiar, OB; Ferriani, LO; Mill, JG; Molina, MDCB; Moreno, AB; Silva, DA; Viana, MC, 2022)		0.72
" Pooled effect sizes were calculated based on the random effects model, and dose-response analysis was modeled by using a fractional polynomial model."( The Effects of Folic Acid Supplementation on Pro-inflammatory Mediators: a Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Mousavi, SM; Persad, E; Pizarro, AB; Severo, JS; Zargarzadeh, N, 2021)		0.62
" Categoric and spline analyses were used to evaluate the dose-response relations."( Associations of RBC and Serum Folate Concentrations with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Female Chinese Adults.
Hao, M; Li, L; Li, Y; Liang, T; Lou, H; Lv, W; Song, J; Su, X; Wang, C; Wang, J; Wang, W; Wang, Z; Yang, A; Yang, J; Zhang, H; Zhang, L; Zhao, C; Zhao, W, 2022)		0.72
" Sensitivity, subgroup and dose-response analyses were also performed."( Effects of maternal folate and vitamin B12 on gestational diabetes mellitus: a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies.
Guo, L; Jiang, J; Li, N, 2022)		0.72
"A clear dosing regimen for methotrexate in psoriasis is lacking, and this might lead to a suboptimal treatment."( International eDelphi Study to Reach Consensus on the Methotrexate Dosing Regimen in Patients With Psoriasis.
Abad, ME; Akman-Karakas, A; Appelen, D; Araujo, RR; Ayanlowo, O; Azimi, SZ; Babic, LT; Balak, D; Barber, K; Boonen, HPJ; Brajac, I; Bylaite-Bucinskiene, M; Calzavara-Pinton, P; Cárdenas Rojas, PJ; Carija, A; Carretero, G; Castro, C; Castro-Ayarza, JR; Ceovic, R; Cetkovska, P; Chandrashekar, L; Choon, SE; Chosidow, O; Claréus, BW; Colombo, EP; Conrad, C; Correa, CC; Csányi, I; da Cruz Costa, SA; Damiani, G; Danespazhooh, M; de Jong, EMGJ; de la Cruz, C; de la Cueva, P; de Oliveira, MFSP; de Rie, MA; de Souza Sittart, JA; Del-Río, R; Doss, N; Drvar, DL; Dutil, M; Echeverría, CM; Egeberg, A; El Gamal, E; El-Sayed, MH; Fábos, B; Fardet, L; Félix, PAO; Fernandez-Peñas, P; Ferran, M; Ferrándiz, C; Firooz, A; Fougerousse, AC; Foulkes, A; Franco, MD; Frez, ML; García-Doval, I; Gebauer, KA; Ghislain, PD; Gisondi, P; Gomez, LC; Gómez-Flores, M; Gonçalo, M; Gonzalez, C; Gonzalez, GO; Gooderham, MJ; Goujon, C; Grewal, P; Griffiths, CEM; Grozdev, I; Gulin, SJ; Gulliver, W; Gyulai, R; Handa, S; Handjani, F; Holló, P; Hong, CH; Horváth, B; Hsiao, JP; Huldt-Nystrøm, T; Hunter, HJA; Hurtová, T; Ingram, JR; Iversen, L; Janmohamed, SR; Jullien, D; Kaštelan, M; Khobzei, K; Kim, DH; Kolalapudi, SA; Krisztián, G; Krnjevic-Pezic, G; Kui, R; Kumar, AS; Laffitte, E; Lafuente-Urrez, RF; Lambert, JLW; le Cleach, L; Lebwohl, M; Lecluse, L; Leonidze, T; Liu, TY; Llamas-Velasco, M; Luna, PC; Mahé, E; Mahil, SK; Maldonado-García, C; Mälkönen, T; Marchesi, C; Margasin, SM; Marrón, SE; Massari, LP; Matlock, BH; Maul, JT; Maul, LV; Menting, SP; Middelkamp-Hup, MA; Misery, L; Moussa, IO; Muresanu, LI; Nicolopoulos, J; Novoa, FD; Oakley, A; Olszewska, M; Oon, HH; Pellerano, G; Polic, MV; Prinz, JC; Puig, L; Rademaker, M; Ramam, M; Ramos, AMC; Reciné, TR; Reich, K; Riad, H; Romiti, R; Salleras I Redonnet, M; Sanchez, JL; Sator, P; Schejtman, AA; Schram, ME; Seyger, MMB; Sharma, VK; Sikora, M; Silverberg, NB; Skov, L; Sonkoly, E; Spuls, PI; Törocsik, D; Torres, T; Trcko, K; Turchin, I; Urbancek, S; Valenzuela, F; van den Reek, JMPA; van der Kraaij, GE; van Doorn, M; van Huizen, AM; Varela, P; Velásquez-Lopera, MM; Veldkamp, W; Vender, R; Vestergaard, C; Vilarrasa, E; Vílchez-Márquez, F; Warren, RB; Weightman, W; Weinberg, JM; Wells, J; Willaert, F; Wiseman, MC; Wong, TW; Yawalkar, N; Zargari, O; Zheng, M, 2022)		0.72
"To reach international consensus among psoriasis experts on a uniform dosing regimen for treatment with methotrexate in adult and pediatric patients with psoriasis and identify potential future research topics."( International eDelphi Study to Reach Consensus on the Methotrexate Dosing Regimen in Patients With Psoriasis.
Abad, ME; Akman-Karakas, A; Appelen, D; Araujo, RR; Ayanlowo, O; Azimi, SZ; Babic, LT; Balak, D; Barber, K; Boonen, HPJ; Brajac, I; Bylaite-Bucinskiene, M; Calzavara-Pinton, P; Cárdenas Rojas, PJ; Carija, A; Carretero, G; Castro, C; Castro-Ayarza, JR; Ceovic, R; Cetkovska, P; Chandrashekar, L; Choon, SE; Chosidow, O; Claréus, BW; Colombo, EP; Conrad, C; Correa, CC; Csányi, I; da Cruz Costa, SA; Damiani, G; Danespazhooh, M; de Jong, EMGJ; de la Cruz, C; de la Cueva, P; de Oliveira, MFSP; de Rie, MA; de Souza Sittart, JA; Del-Río, R; Doss, N; Drvar, DL; Dutil, M; Echeverría, CM; Egeberg, A; El Gamal, E; El-Sayed, MH; Fábos, B; Fardet, L; Félix, PAO; Fernandez-Peñas, P; Ferran, M; Ferrándiz, C; Firooz, A; Fougerousse, AC; Foulkes, A; Franco, MD; Frez, ML; García-Doval, I; Gebauer, KA; Ghislain, PD; Gisondi, P; Gomez, LC; Gómez-Flores, M; Gonçalo, M; Gonzalez, C; Gonzalez, GO; Gooderham, MJ; Goujon, C; Grewal, P; Griffiths, CEM; Grozdev, I; Gulin, SJ; Gulliver, W; Gyulai, R; Handa, S; Handjani, F; Holló, P; Hong, CH; Horváth, B; Hsiao, JP; Huldt-Nystrøm, T; Hunter, HJA; Hurtová, T; Ingram, JR; Iversen, L; Janmohamed, SR; Jullien, D; Kaštelan, M; Khobzei, K; Kim, DH; Kolalapudi, SA; Krisztián, G; Krnjevic-Pezic, G; Kui, R; Kumar, AS; Laffitte, E; Lafuente-Urrez, RF; Lambert, JLW; le Cleach, L; Lebwohl, M; Lecluse, L; Leonidze, T; Liu, TY; Llamas-Velasco, M; Luna, PC; Mahé, E; Mahil, SK; Maldonado-García, C; Mälkönen, T; Marchesi, C; Margasin, SM; Marrón, SE; Massari, LP; Matlock, BH; Maul, JT; Maul, LV; Menting, SP; Middelkamp-Hup, MA; Misery, L; Moussa, IO; Muresanu, LI; Nicolopoulos, J; Novoa, FD; Oakley, A; Olszewska, M; Oon, HH; Pellerano, G; Polic, MV; Prinz, JC; Puig, L; Rademaker, M; Ramam, M; Ramos, AMC; Reciné, TR; Reich, K; Riad, H; Romiti, R; Salleras I Redonnet, M; Sanchez, JL; Sator, P; Schejtman, AA; Schram, ME; Seyger, MMB; Sharma, VK; Sikora, M; Silverberg, NB; Skov, L; Sonkoly, E; Spuls, PI; Törocsik, D; Torres, T; Trcko, K; Turchin, I; Urbancek, S; Valenzuela, F; van den Reek, JMPA; van der Kraaij, GE; van Doorn, M; van Huizen, AM; Varela, P; Velásquez-Lopera, MM; Veldkamp, W; Vender, R; Vestergaard, C; Vilarrasa, E; Vílchez-Márquez, F; Warren, RB; Weightman, W; Weinberg, JM; Wells, J; Willaert, F; Wiseman, MC; Wong, TW; Yawalkar, N; Zargari, O; Zheng, M, 2022)		0.72
" More research is needed, especially for the proposals on folic acid and the dosing of methotrexate for treating subpopulations such as children and vulnerable patients."( International eDelphi Study to Reach Consensus on the Methotrexate Dosing Regimen in Patients With Psoriasis.
Abad, ME; Akman-Karakas, A; Appelen, D; Araujo, RR; Ayanlowo, O; Azimi, SZ; Babic, LT; Balak, D; Barber, K; Boonen, HPJ; Brajac, I; Bylaite-Bucinskiene, M; Calzavara-Pinton, P; Cárdenas Rojas, PJ; Carija, A; Carretero, G; Castro, C; Castro-Ayarza, JR; Ceovic, R; Cetkovska, P; Chandrashekar, L; Choon, SE; Chosidow, O; Claréus, BW; Colombo, EP; Conrad, C; Correa, CC; Csányi, I; da Cruz Costa, SA; Damiani, G; Danespazhooh, M; de Jong, EMGJ; de la Cruz, C; de la Cueva, P; de Oliveira, MFSP; de Rie, MA; de Souza Sittart, JA; Del-Río, R; Doss, N; Drvar, DL; Dutil, M; Echeverría, CM; Egeberg, A; El Gamal, E; El-Sayed, MH; Fábos, B; Fardet, L; Félix, PAO; Fernandez-Peñas, P; Ferran, M; Ferrándiz, C; Firooz, A; Fougerousse, AC; Foulkes, A; Franco, MD; Frez, ML; García-Doval, I; Gebauer, KA; Ghislain, PD; Gisondi, P; Gomez, LC; Gómez-Flores, M; Gonçalo, M; Gonzalez, C; Gonzalez, GO; Gooderham, MJ; Goujon, C; Grewal, P; Griffiths, CEM; Grozdev, I; Gulin, SJ; Gulliver, W; Gyulai, R; Handa, S; Handjani, F; Holló, P; Hong, CH; Horváth, B; Hsiao, JP; Huldt-Nystrøm, T; Hunter, HJA; Hurtová, T; Ingram, JR; Iversen, L; Janmohamed, SR; Jullien, D; Kaštelan, M; Khobzei, K; Kim, DH; Kolalapudi, SA; Krisztián, G; Krnjevic-Pezic, G; Kui, R; Kumar, AS; Laffitte, E; Lafuente-Urrez, RF; Lambert, JLW; le Cleach, L; Lebwohl, M; Lecluse, L; Leonidze, T; Liu, TY; Llamas-Velasco, M; Luna, PC; Mahé, E; Mahil, SK; Maldonado-García, C; Mälkönen, T; Marchesi, C; Margasin, SM; Marrón, SE; Massari, LP; Matlock, BH; Maul, JT; Maul, LV; Menting, SP; Middelkamp-Hup, MA; Misery, L; Moussa, IO; Muresanu, LI; Nicolopoulos, J; Novoa, FD; Oakley, A; Olszewska, M; Oon, HH; Pellerano, G; Polic, MV; Prinz, JC; Puig, L; Rademaker, M; Ramam, M; Ramos, AMC; Reciné, TR; Reich, K; Riad, H; Romiti, R; Salleras I Redonnet, M; Sanchez, JL; Sator, P; Schejtman, AA; Schram, ME; Seyger, MMB; Sharma, VK; Sikora, M; Silverberg, NB; Skov, L; Sonkoly, E; Spuls, PI; Törocsik, D; Torres, T; Trcko, K; Turchin, I; Urbancek, S; Valenzuela, F; van den Reek, JMPA; van der Kraaij, GE; van Doorn, M; van Huizen, AM; Varela, P; Velásquez-Lopera, MM; Veldkamp, W; Vender, R; Vestergaard, C; Vilarrasa, E; Vílchez-Márquez, F; Warren, RB; Weightman, W; Weinberg, JM; Wells, J; Willaert, F; Wiseman, MC; Wong, TW; Yawalkar, N; Zargari, O; Zheng, M, 2022)		0.72
"In this eDelphi consensus study, consensus was reached on 20 of 21 proposals involving methotrexate dosing in patients with psoriasis."( International eDelphi Study to Reach Consensus on the Methotrexate Dosing Regimen in Patients With Psoriasis.
Abad, ME; Akman-Karakas, A; Appelen, D; Araujo, RR; Ayanlowo, O; Azimi, SZ; Babic, LT; Balak, D; Barber, K; Boonen, HPJ; Brajac, I; Bylaite-Bucinskiene, M; Calzavara-Pinton, P; Cárdenas Rojas, PJ; Carija, A; Carretero, G; Castro, C; Castro-Ayarza, JR; Ceovic, R; Cetkovska, P; Chandrashekar, L; Choon, SE; Chosidow, O; Claréus, BW; Colombo, EP; Conrad, C; Correa, CC; Csányi, I; da Cruz Costa, SA; Damiani, G; Danespazhooh, M; de Jong, EMGJ; de la Cruz, C; de la Cueva, P; de Oliveira, MFSP; de Rie, MA; de Souza Sittart, JA; Del-Río, R; Doss, N; Drvar, DL; Dutil, M; Echeverría, CM; Egeberg, A; El Gamal, E; El-Sayed, MH; Fábos, B; Fardet, L; Félix, PAO; Fernandez-Peñas, P; Ferran, M; Ferrándiz, C; Firooz, A; Fougerousse, AC; Foulkes, A; Franco, MD; Frez, ML; García-Doval, I; Gebauer, KA; Ghislain, PD; Gisondi, P; Gomez, LC; Gómez-Flores, M; Gonçalo, M; Gonzalez, C; Gonzalez, GO; Gooderham, MJ; Goujon, C; Grewal, P; Griffiths, CEM; Grozdev, I; Gulin, SJ; Gulliver, W; Gyulai, R; Handa, S; Handjani, F; Holló, P; Hong, CH; Horváth, B; Hsiao, JP; Huldt-Nystrøm, T; Hunter, HJA; Hurtová, T; Ingram, JR; Iversen, L; Janmohamed, SR; Jullien, D; Kaštelan, M; Khobzei, K; Kim, DH; Kolalapudi, SA; Krisztián, G; Krnjevic-Pezic, G; Kui, R; Kumar, AS; Laffitte, E; Lafuente-Urrez, RF; Lambert, JLW; le Cleach, L; Lebwohl, M; Lecluse, L; Leonidze, T; Liu, TY; Llamas-Velasco, M; Luna, PC; Mahé, E; Mahil, SK; Maldonado-García, C; Mälkönen, T; Marchesi, C; Margasin, SM; Marrón, SE; Massari, LP; Matlock, BH; Maul, JT; Maul, LV; Menting, SP; Middelkamp-Hup, MA; Misery, L; Moussa, IO; Muresanu, LI; Nicolopoulos, J; Novoa, FD; Oakley, A; Olszewska, M; Oon, HH; Pellerano, G; Polic, MV; Prinz, JC; Puig, L; Rademaker, M; Ramam, M; Ramos, AMC; Reciné, TR; Reich, K; Riad, H; Romiti, R; Salleras I Redonnet, M; Sanchez, JL; Sator, P; Schejtman, AA; Schram, ME; Seyger, MMB; Sharma, VK; Sikora, M; Silverberg, NB; Skov, L; Sonkoly, E; Spuls, PI; Törocsik, D; Torres, T; Trcko, K; Turchin, I; Urbancek, S; Valenzuela, F; van den Reek, JMPA; van der Kraaij, GE; van Doorn, M; van Huizen, AM; Varela, P; Velásquez-Lopera, MM; Veldkamp, W; Vender, R; Vestergaard, C; Vilarrasa, E; Vílchez-Márquez, F; Warren, RB; Weightman, W; Weinberg, JM; Wells, J; Willaert, F; Wiseman, MC; Wong, TW; Yawalkar, N; Zargari, O; Zheng, M, 2022)		0.72
" However, it requires complicated dosing regimens and is accompanied by increased toxicity."( Co-Delivery of Daunorubicin and Homoharringtonine in Folic Acid Modified-Liposomes for Enhancing Therapeutic Effect on Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
Feng, X; Gao, X; Li, H; Liu, Q; Luo, L; Mao, S; Yang, P; Zhang, D, 2023)		0.91
"Methotrexate cutaneous ulceration is commonly preceded by dosage mistakes, absence of folic acid supplementation, and concurrent use of nephrotoxic medications."( Methotrexate Cutaneous Ulceration: A Systematic Review of Cases.
Baumrin, E; Berna, R; Margolis, DJ; Mitra, N; Rosenbach, M, 2022)		0.72
" Besides individual positive associations of maternal Hg and Pb exposure with offspring OWO, BKMR clearly indicated a positive dose-response association between in-utero co-exposure to the three toxic metals and childhood OWO."( In-utero co-exposure to toxic metals and micronutrients on childhood risk of overweight or obesity: new insight on micronutrients counteracting toxic metals.
Bind, E; Buckley, JP; Haltmeier, D; Hong, X; Hou, W; Huang, W; Igusa, T; Ji, Y; Mukherjee, J; Steffens, A; Tina Fan, Z; Wang, G; Wang, X; Xu, R, 2022)		0.72
"This study strove to investigate the hypothesis that a low dosage of myo-inositol supplementation might decrease the likelihood of gestational diabetes in overweight, pregnant women."( The effect of myo-inositol supplementation on the prevention of gestational diabetes in overweight pregnant women: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.
Basirat, Z; Delavar, MA; Esmaeilzadeh, S; Ghadimi, R; Mashayekh-Amiri, S, 2023)		0.91
" For all women who could become pregnant, a low daily dosage of folic acid is recommended before conception and throughout pregnancy and breastfeeding."( Guideline No. 427: Folic Acid and Multivitamin Supplementation for Prevention of Folic Acid-Sensitive Congenital Anomalies.
O'Connor, DL; Wilson, RD, 2022)		0.72
" However, with the emergence of conditions where folate metabolism and transport are disrupted, such as folate receptor alpha autoantibody (FRαAb)-induced folate deficiency, it is critical to find a folate form that is effective and safe for pharmacologic dosing for prolonged periods."( Absorption and Tissue Distribution of Folate Forms in Rats: Indications for Specific Folate Form Supplementation during Pregnancy.
Arning, E; Bobrowski-Khoury, N; Bottiglieri, T; Quadros, EV; Sequeira, JM, 2022)		0.72
" Exposure to each of the intervention components had a dose-response relationship with self-reported IFA use."( How does a social norms-based intervention affect behaviour change? Interim findings from a cluster randomised controlled trial in Odisha, India.
Bingenheimer, J; Ganjoo, R; Mohanty, S; Pant, I; Patro, L; Rimal, R; Sedlander, E; Yilma, H, 2022)		0.72
" Maternal exposure to ETS in first trimester was associated with increased risk of CHDs in a dose-response gradient, with the AORs (95% CI) were1."( Association between maternal smoke exposure and congenital heart defects from a case-control study in China.
Dai, L; Deng, C; Deng, Y; Guo, X; Liu, H; Liu, L; Pu, J; Sandin, S; Xie, L; Yu, L, 2022)		0.72
" However, larger studies of folic acid dosing and timing, with consideration for childhood asthma, are needed."( Periconceptional folic acid supplementation and child asthma: a
Adgent, MA; Carroll, KN; Hartmann, KE; Jones, SH; McCullough, A; Torstenson, E; Velez Edwards, DR; Vereen, S, 2022)		0.72
"To determine the long-term impact of periconceptional folic acid supplementation on DNA methylation patterns, we examined the association of the recommended dosage (400 μg/d) and time period (periconceptional before pregnancy through first trimester) of folic acid supplementation with the DNA methylation patterns in the offspring at age 14-17 y compared with offspring with no supplementation."( Maternal Periconceptional Folic Acid Supplementation and DNA Methylation Patterns in Adolescent Offspring.
Bailey, RL; Berry, RJ; Crider, KS; Killian, JK; Lichen, Y; Linet, M; Ling, H; Pfeiffer, CM; Potischman, N; Rose, C; Sampson, J; Su, LJ; Wang, A; Yu, W; Zhu, L, 2023)		0.91
"Overall, there were no differences in DNA methylation between adolescents who were exposed during the critical developmental window and those not exposed to the recommended periconceptional/first-trimester dosage of folic acid."( Maternal Periconceptional Folic Acid Supplementation and DNA Methylation Patterns in Adolescent Offspring.
Bailey, RL; Berry, RJ; Crider, KS; Killian, JK; Lichen, Y; Linet, M; Ling, H; Pfeiffer, CM; Potischman, N; Rose, C; Sampson, J; Su, LJ; Wang, A; Yu, W; Zhu, L, 2023)		0.91
" However, there is no consensus as to the appropriate dosage of folate supplements and their advantages and disadvantages for patients with ESKD."( Supplementation with Folic Acid and Cardiovascular Outcomes in End-Stage Kidney Disease: A Multi-Institution Cohort Study.
Chang, CH; Chen, YC; Chu, PH; Fan, PC; Fang, JT; Lee, CC; Tu, KH; Tu, YR; Wu, VC; Yen, CL, 2022)		0.72
" Restricted cubic splines were plotted to evaluate the dose-response relationship between dietary OCM-related nutrient intake and the risk of PE."( One-carbon metabolism-related nutrients intake is associated with lower risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women: a matched case-control study.
Bo, Y; Cao, Y; Dou, W; Duan, D; Fu, W; Liu, Y; Lyu, Q; Ma, S; Zeng, F; Zhao, X, 2022)		0.72
" There was no evidence for temporality, coherence, or a biologically meaningful dose-response relationship between plasma vitamin B12 concentrations and cancer."( High Plasma Vitamin B12 and Cancer in Human Studies: A Scoping Review to Judge Causality and Alternative Explanations.
Obeid, R, 2022)		0.72
" These findings may provide guidance for monitoring serum folate level and controlling oral folate dosage in clinic, so as to prevent liver steatosis more effectively."( The association between serum folate and ultrasound - defined hepatic steatosis.
Chen, B; Chen, X; Lu, J; Shen, L; Xu, Q, 2023)		0.91
" Significant nonlinear dose-response relationships were observed for the associations of folate with anemia, vitamin B12 with vitamin B-complex deficiencies, anemia and cholelithiasis, and homocysteine with cerebrovascular disease."( Phenome-wide association study of genetically predicted B vitamins and homocysteine biomarkers with multiple health and disease outcomes: analysis of the UK Biobank.
Bennett, D; Campbell, H; Duthie, S; Eguiagaray, IM; Li, X; Little, J; MacFarlane, AJ; McNulty, H; Momoli, F; Montazeri, A; Munger, R; Rubini, M; Senekal, M; Theodoratou, E; Wang, L, 2023)		0.91
" A random-effects model was used for meta-analysis, and linear Meta-regression and non-linear dose-response analysis were performed to assess whether the effect of folic acid supplementation was affected by the dose and duration of intervention."( The effects of folic acid supplementation on endothelial function in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Asbaghi, O; Ashtary-Larky, D; Clark, CCT; Golalipour, E; Naseri, K; Rastgoo, S; Rezaiian, F; Saadati, S; Yousefi, M; Zamani, M, 2023)		0.91
" Notwithstanding, studies have shown that, like other bioactive substances, its efficacy can be affected by dosage and delivery routes."( An investigation of the effect of folic acid and its delivery routes on broiler chickens' hatch and growth performance, blood biochemistry, anti-oxidant status, and intestinal morphology.
Adewole, D; Oladokun, S, 2023)		0.91
" Dose-response analysis indicated a negative linear correlation between DFE intake and NAFLD risk."( Folate intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in US adults.
Cao, JC; Chen, CJ; Deng, Z; Liu, FR; Sun, YY; Zhang, B, 2023)		0.91
" Non-linear dose-response relationships between dietary intake of folate and niacin and diabetes risk were also evaluated using adjusted restricted cubic splines."( Dose-response association between dietary folate and niacin intakes with diabetes among Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study.
Chai, Y; Jiang, Y; Xie, H; Zhang, Z; Zhu, Y, 2023)		0.91
", vitamin C (VC), vitamin B9 (VB9), and vitamin B12 (VB12)) with co-exposure to MetS, as well as the dose-response relationships among them."( Association of serum water-soluble vitamin exposures with the risk of metabolic syndrome: results from NHANES 2003-2006.
Lu, H; Pei, X; Ran, S; Shi, H; Tan, A; Wang, M; Yang, S; Yao, J; Zhang, Y, 2023)		0.91
" Restricted cubic splines were performed to explore the dose-response relationships among them."( Association of serum water-soluble vitamin exposures with the risk of metabolic syndrome: results from NHANES 2003-2006.
Lu, H; Pei, X; Ran, S; Shi, H; Tan, A; Wang, M; Yang, S; Yao, J; Zhang, Y, 2023)		0.91
" The incidence of congenital malformations in women taking a recommended dosage (e."( Initiation and duration of folic acid supplementation in preventing congenital malformations.
Deng, XD; Dong, J; Ji, CY; Pan, Q; Peng, T; Wu, JN; Yang, Z; Yin, LL, 2023)		0.91
" Hence, the developed PNP formulation sticks out as a plausible substitute for the intravenous dosage forms of IRI which have been conventionally prevailing."( Folic acid-chitosan functionalized polymeric nanocarriers to treat colon cancer.
Bhaskar, KV; Bhaskaran, NA; Birangal, SR; Gourishetti, K; Hari, G; Jitta, SR; Kulkarni, OP; Kumar, L; Sharma, P; Verma, R, 2023)		0.91
" Knowing the pleiotropic negative impact of Hcy on gametes, embryos and pregnancy in general, we strongly recommend a Hcy dosage in both members of couples seeking treatment for pregnancy."( The importance of preconception Hcy testing: identification of a folate trap syndrome in a woman attending an assisted reproduction program.
Clément, A; Clément, P; Menezo, YJR; Viot, G, 2023)		0.91
" For each period, the average daily dosage of FAs was categorised into (i) <400 μg/d, (ii) ≥400 to 999 μg/d, (iii) ≥1000 to 4999 μg/d, and (iv) ≥5000 μg/d."( Folic Acid Supplementation during Pregnancy and Its Association with Telomere Length in Children at Four Years: Results from the INMA Birth Cohort Study.
Gonzalez-Palacios, S; Irizar, A; Julvez, J; Martens, DS; Murcia, M; Navarrete-Muñoz, EM; Nawrot, T; Petermann-Rocha, F; Prieto-Botella, D; Riaño-Galán, I; Santa-Marina, L; Sunyer, J; Tardón, A; Valera-Gran, D; Vioque, J, 2023)		0.91
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

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ProductBrandCategoryCompounds Matched from IngredientsDate Retrieved
1Life Science NAD+ Longevity Cardiovascular Support -- 60 Veggie Caps1Life ScienceVitamins & SupplementsApigenin, Fisetin, Vitamin B9, NAD +, Vitamin B3, NMN, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
8Greens Daily Greens Gummies Apple -- 50 Vegan Gummies8GreensVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Abound Grain Free Wet Cat Food Pate Chicken Dinner -- 2.6 ozAboundPet SuppliesD-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium sulfate, taurine, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Abound Grain Free Wet Cat Food Pate Roast Turkey Dinner -- 2.6 ozAboundPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Abound Grain Free Wet Cat Food Pate Salmon Dinner -- 2.6 ozAboundPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Abound Grain Free Wet Cat Food Pate Whitefish & Tuna Dinner -- 2.6 ozAboundPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Allergy Research Group Multi-Vi-Min -- 150 CapsulesAllergy Research GroupProfessional SupplementsBiotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Allergy Research Group Multi-Vi-Min without Copper & Iron -- 150 Vegetarian CapsulesAllergy Research GroupProfessional SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Allergy Research Group Super Vitamin B Complex -- 120 Vegetarian CapsulesAllergy Research GroupProfessional SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Folic Acid, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition Impact Igniter Sport Blue Raspberry -- 50 ServingsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessBeta-Alanine, Caffeine, Folate, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Taurine, Tyrosine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Grass Greens Blend Energy Powder Watermelon -- 30 ServingsAmazing GrassVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chlorophyll, Folic Acid, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Grass Greens Blend Superfood Original -- 15 ServingsAmazing GrassVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chlorophyll, Folic Acid, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Grass Greens Blend Superfood Powder Berry -- 30 ServingsAmazing GrassVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chlorophyll, Folic Acid, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Muscle Max Boost- Advanced Pre-Workout Formula Cherry Lemonade -- 60 ServingsAmazing MuscleActive Lifestyle & FitnessCaffeine Anhydrous, Folic Acid, L-Glutamine, Huperzine A, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Muscle Max Boost- Advanced Pre-Workout Formula Fruit Punch -- 60 ServingsAmazing MuscleActive Lifestyle & FitnessCaffeine Anhydrous, Folic Acid, L-Glutamine, Huperzine A, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Nutrition Amazing Formulas Daily Multivitamin -- 500 TabletsAmazing NutritionVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Nickel, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amberen Advanced Perimenopause Relief -- 60 CapsulesAmberenVitamins & SupplementsVitamin E, Vitamin B9, Vitamin E, Glycine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
AMEN Biotin Collagen Peptides - Vitamins C & E Folate Keratin Hyaluronic Acid -- 90 Vegetable CapsulesAMENVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E2024-11-29 10:47:42
AMEN Iron Ultra Supplement + Copper Folate Vitamin C & B12 Ferrous Sulfate -- 65 mg - 60 Vegetable CapsulesAMENVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
American Health Ester-C Effervescent Plus Electrolytes Natural Orange -- 1000 mg - 21 PacketsAmerican HealthVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chloride, Chromium, Folic Acid, Calcium Carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Amy Myers MD Methylation Suppor -- 60 CapsulesAmy Myers MDProfessional SupplementsTrimethylglycine, Trimethylglycine, Folate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Amy Myers MD The Myers Way Multivitamin -- 180 CapsulesAmy Myers MDProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, myo-Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ancient Nutrition Ancient Nutrients B-Complex -- 60 CapsulesAncient NutritionVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Ancient Nutrition Multi Prenatal -- 90 CapsulesAncient NutritionVitamins & SupplementsVitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal PAK - The Ultimate Training Pack -- 30 PacksAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessLipase, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Carnitine, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Inositol, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lutein, Lycopene, Lysine, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Methionine, Niacin, Ornithine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, L-Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal PAK - The Ultimate Training Pack -- 44 PacksAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessLipase, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Carnitine, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Inositol, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lutein, Lycopene, Lysine, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Methionine, Niacin, Ornithine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, L-Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Pak Ultimate Foundation Powder Cherry Bomb -- 30 ServingsAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessLipase, Vitamin C, Betaine Anhydrous, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, L-Taurine, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Pak Ultimate Foundation Powder Fruit Punch -- 14.7 ozAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessLipase, Vitamin C, Betaine Anhydrous, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, L-Taurine, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Pak Ultimate Foundation Powder Orange Crushed -- 14.5 ozAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessLipase, Vitamin C, Betaine Anhydrous, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, L-Taurine, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Power Balance -- 30 PacksAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessDiindolylmethane, Biotin, Chromium, Folate, phytonadione, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Arrowhead Mills Gluten Free Organic Chickpeas -- 16 ozArrowhead MillsFood & BeveragesFolate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Arrowhead Mills Organic Red Lentils Gluten Free -- 16 ozArrowhead MillsFood & BeveragesFolate, Niacin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Arrowhead Mills Organic Whole Wheat Flour -- 22 ozArrowhead MillsFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Niacin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Arthur Andrew Medical Inc. Femesse Breast and Balance -- 240 CapsulesArthur Andrew Medical Inc.Professional SupplementsVitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Iced Coffee Protein Shake Vanilla Latte -- 11 fl oz Each / Pack of 4AtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Peanut Butter Granola Bar Meal Peanut Butter -- 5 BarsAtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein Meal Bar Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough -- 5 BarsAtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein Plus RTD Creamy Milk Chocolate -- 4 BottlesAtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein Plus RTD Creamy Vanilla -- 4 BottlesAtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein Rich Shake Cafe Caramel -- 4 ShakesAtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein Rich Shake Creamy Caramel -- 4 Bottles Each / Pack of 4AtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein Shake Chai Tea Latte -- 11 fl oz Each / Pack of 4AtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein-Rich Shake Dark Chocolate Royale -- 8 ShakesAtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Protein Shake Creamy Vanilla -- 8 ShakesAtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Protein-Rich Meal Shake Creamy Chocolate -- 16.9 fl oz Each / Pack of 4AtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Shake Creamy Root Beer Float -- 4 ShakesAtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Shake Milk Chocolate Delight -- 8 ShakesAtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Shake Mocha Latte -- 11 fl oz Each / Pack of 4AtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Shake Pumpkin Spice Latte -- 11 fl oz Each / Pack of 4AtkinsActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Shake Strawberry -- 11 fl oz Each / Pack of 4AtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Snack Bar Caramel Chocolate Nut Roll -- 5 BarsAtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Snack Bar Caramel Chocolate Peanut Nougat -- 5 BarsAtkinsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Aussie Bubs Australian Grass Fed Nutritional Milk-Based Toddler Formula -- 28.2 ozAussie BubsBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Balanced Breed Cat L-Lysine Immune Support Supplement + Krill Oil Vet Pharmacist Approved Chicken -- 60 Soft ChewsBalanced BreedPet SuppliesFolic Acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Balanced Breed Dog All-in-1 Canine Multivitamin Vet Pharmacist Approved Peanut & Butter Banana -- 60 Soft ChewsBalanced BreedPet SuppliesVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Taurine, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Balanced Greens Plant Protein Chocolate -- 34 ServingsBalanced GreensWeight ManagementVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Balanced Greens Plant Protein Unflavored -- 34 ServingsBalanced GreensWeight ManagementVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Balanced Greens Plant Protein Vanilla -- 34 ServingsBalanced GreensWeight ManagementVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Balanced Greens Total Health Superfood Blend with Probiotics Unflavored -- 60 ServingsBalanced GreensVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, Niacin, Vitamin B, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bark & Whiskers Organic Vitamin B Complex for Dogs & Cats -- 0.84 ozBark & WhiskersPet SuppliesBiotin, Folic Acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Pyridoxine, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Beech-Nut Mini Waffles with Hidden Veggies 12+ Months Butternut Berry -- 3.2 ozBeech-NutBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Beech-Nut Whole Grain Baby Cereal Oatmeal -- 6 PackBeech-NutBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Vitamin B, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Best Naturals B-100 Complex -- 120 TabletsBest NaturalsVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Choline, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Best Naturals Folic Acid -- 1000 mcg - 240 TabletsBest NaturalsVitamins & SupplementsFolate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Best Naturals L-Methyl Folate -- 15000 mcg - 60 TabletsBest NaturalsVitamins & SupplementsFolate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Beverly International Super Pak -- 30 PacketsBeverly InternationalActive Lifestyle & FitnessPara-Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamic Acid, Pepsin, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Bio Nutrition Urilow -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesBio NutritionVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Bio360 Probiotics Cognitive Support Formula -- 30 Vegetarian CapsulesBio360Vitamins & SupplementsFolate, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Biocare Dietary GLP-1 Beverage - Pack of 14 Chocolate -- 14 PacketsBiocareProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, L-Carnosine, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Leucine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biocare Dietary GLP-1 Beverage - Pack of 14 Chocolate Salted Caramel -- 14 PacketsBiocareProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, L-Carnosine, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Leucine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biocare Dietary GLP-1 Beverage - Pack of 14 Mixed Fruit -- 14 PacketsBiocareProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, L-Carnosine, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Leucine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biocare Dietary GLP-1 Beverage - Pack of 14 Strawberries & Cream -- 14 PacketsBiocareProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, L-Carnosine, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Leucine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
BioSchwartz Advanced B-Complex -- 60 Veggie CapsBioSchwartzVitamins & Supplements ascorbyl palmitate, Vitamin C, Biotin, calcium ascorbate, Choline, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal-5-phosphate, pyridoxine HCl, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition B-Complex 100 -- 100 Vegetable CapsulesBluebonnet NutritionVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Choline, Folate, Inositol, Vitamin B3, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition B-Complex 50 -- 100 Vegetable CapsulesBluebonnet NutritionVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Choline, Folate, Inositol, Vitamin B3, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition EarthSweet® Chewables Vitamin B12 & Folic Acid Natural Raspberry -- 180 Chewable TabletsBluebonnet NutritionVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition Liquid Vitamin B12 & Folic Acid Natural Raspberry -- 2 fl ozBluebonnet NutritionVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition Maxi ONE® Whole Food-Based Multiple -- 90 Vegetable CapsulesBluebonnet NutritionVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5' phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine 5' phosphate, pyridoxine HCl, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, citrate, citrate, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition Multi One Single Daily Multiple -- 120 Vegetable CapsulesBluebonnet NutritionVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
C2O Gluten Free Pure Coconut Water with Pulp -- 17.5 fl ozC2OFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
California Natural B Complex Raspberry -- 1 fl ozCalifornia NaturalVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Folic Acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Carlson B-50 Gel Vitamin B Complex -- 100 SoftgelsCarlsonVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
CeliAct Optimizing Nutrition for People with Celiac Disease -- 180 TabletsCeliActVitamins & Supplements Lipase, Para Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamic Acid, Inositol, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
Cellucor C4 Sport - Pre-Workout - NSF Certified for Sport Hawaiian Punch Fruit Juicy Red -- 20 ServingsCellucorActive Lifestyle & FitnessCaffeine Anhydrous, Chloride, Folate, Phosphorus, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cellucor C4 Sport - Pre-Workout - NSF Certified for Sport Icy Blue Razz -- 20 ServingsCellucorActive Lifestyle & FitnessCaffeine Anhydrous, Chloride, Folate, Phosphorus, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cellucor C4 Sport - Pre-Workout - NSF Certified for Sport Watermelon -- 20 ServingsCellucorActive Lifestyle & FitnessCaffeine Anhydrous, Chloride, Folate, Phosphorus, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cellucor C4 Sport Ripped - Pre-Workout - NSF Certified for Sport Artic Snow Cone -- 20 ServingsCellucorActive Lifestyle & FitnessCaffeine Anhydrous, Chloride, Folate, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cento All Purpose Crushed Tomatoes -- 28 ozCentoFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Adult Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplement -- 60 TabletsCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Men Multi-Vitamin Tablets -- 200 TabletsCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum MultiGummies Men 50 Plus Multivitamin Supplement Assorted Natural Fruit -- 140 GummiesCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum MultiGummies Men 50 Plus Multivitamin Supplement Assorted Natural Fruit -- 80 GummiesCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum MultiGummies Women 50 Plus Multivitamin Supplement Assorted Fruit -- 140 GummiesCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum MultiGummies Women 50 Plus Multivitamin Supplement Assorted Fruit -- 80 GummiesCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Multivitamin for Men Multivitamin/Multimineral Supplement -- 120 TabletsCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Multivitamin for Men Multivitamin/Multimineral Supplement -- 65 TabletsCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Silver Adults 50 Plus Multivitamin Tablets -- 220 TabletsCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Silver Men 50 Plus Multivitamin-Multimineral Tablets -- 200 TabletsCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Silver Women 50 Plus Multivitamin-Multimineral Tablets -- 100 TabletsCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Women MultiVitamin -- 65 TabletsCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Women Multivitamin-Multimineral -- 200 TabletsCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Women Multivitamin-Multimineral Tablets -- 120 TabletsCentrumVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Dairy Free Smoothie Celery Apple Kiwi -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Dairy Free Smoothie Purple Carrot Blueberry -- 6 PackCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Dairy Free Smoothie Sweet Potato Peach -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Black Bean Sweet Potato with Avocado Oil -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsCholine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Butternut Squash White Bean -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsCholine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Beet Carrot Blueberry -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsCholine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Broccoli Pear -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Butternut Squash Chicken Broth -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsCholine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Carrot Beef Broth -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsCholine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Carrot Chickpea with Ginger -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsCholine, Folate, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Carrot Pumpkin -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsCholine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Green Bean Pumpkin -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsCholine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Kale Sweet Potato Apple -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsCholine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Spinach Apple Sweet Potato -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Sweet Potato Mango -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Sweet Potato Pinto Bean -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsCholine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees White Bean Pumpkin Apple -- 6 PouchesCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Smart Toddler Snack Bars Strawberry Beet -- 5 BarsCerebellyBaby & Kids ProductsCholine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Chapter One One Multi Gummies -- 60 GummiesChapter OneVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Chapter Six Prenatal -- 60 GummiesChapter SixVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Chickapea Non-GMO Organic Elbows Pasta -- 8 ozChickapeaFood & BeveragesFolate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Chickapea Non-GMO Organic Lasagna Pasta -- 8 ozChickapeaFood & BeveragesFolate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Childlife Multi Vitamin and Mineral Natural Orange Mango -- 8 fl ozChildlifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Childlife Multi Vitamin SoftMelts Natural Orange -- 27 GummiesChildlifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Childlife MultiVitamin Gummy Gluten Free Sugar Free Strawberry Lemon -- 90 GummiesChildlifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Builders Plant-Based Protein Bars Cookies and Cream -- 12 BarsClifActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Organic Kid ZBar Chocolate Chip -- 6 BarsClifFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Hair Vitamins - Biotin 10000 mcg Keratin Collagen Zinc Inositol Supplement -- 120 CapsulesCodeageProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Omega-3, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Methylfolate B Complex 5-MTHF Methylcobalamin Methylated Vitamin B B2 B6 B12 -- 120 CapsulesCodeageProfessional SupplementsBetaine, Folate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Raw Vitamin B-Complex-Essential B Vitamins-Probiotics- Enzymes-Fruits & Vegetables -- 60 Vegetable CapsulesCodeageProfessional SupplementsBiotin, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Advantage Premium Milk-Based Infant Formula -- 34 ozComfortsBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, Fat, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Gentle Premium Milk Based Infant Formula -- 33.2 ozComfortsBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, Fat, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Infant Premium Milk Based Formula with Iron -- 34 ozComfortsBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, Fat, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Pediatric Shake Chocolate -- 6 ShakesComfortsBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Pediatric Shake Strawberry -- 6 ShakesComfortsBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Pediatric Shake Vanilla -- 16 ShakesComfortsBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Pediatric Shake Vanilla -- 6 ShakesComfortsBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Chewable Adult Multi -- 60 WafersCountry LifeVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, calcium ascorbate, calcium citrate, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5' phosphate, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal 5' phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Coenzyme B-Complex -- 120 Vegan CapsulesCountry LifeVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, Choline, dibencozide, riboflavin 5' phosphate, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal 5' phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Coenzyme B-Complex -- 60 Vegan CapsulesCountry LifeVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Choline, dibencozide, riboflavin 5' phosphate, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal 5' phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Core Daily-1 for Men 50 + -- 60 TabletsCountry LifeVitamins & SupplementsLipase, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Betaine, Biotin, Calcium fructoborate, d-calcium pantothenate, Cellulase, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5' phosphate, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, inositol hexanicotinate, Inositol, Lactose, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxal 5' phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, citrate, citrate, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Core Daily™ 1 for Women 50 Plus -- 60 TabletsCountry LifeVitamins & SupplementsLipase, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Betaine, Biotin, Calcium fructoborate, d-calcium pantothenate, Cellulase, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5' phosphate, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, inositol hexanicotinate, Inositol, Lactose, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxal 5' phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, citrate, citrate, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Daily Total One™ Iron Free -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesCountry LifeVitamins & Supplements ascorbyl palmitate, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Betaine, Biotin, Boron, calcium ascorbate, calcium citrate, d-calcium pantothenate, di-calcium phosphate, Chromium, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5' phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, inositol hexanicotinate, Inositol, magnesium citrate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxal 5' phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, retinyl palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Folate -- 800 mcg - 250 TabletsCountry LifeVitamins & SupplementsFolate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Culturelle Kids Probiotic Plus Multivitamin Chewables Natural Fruit Punch -- 30 Chewable TabletsCulturelleVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Culturelle Kids Probiotics Multivitamin Plus Probiotic -- 60 GummiesCulturelleVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cymbiotika B12 + B6 Liposomal Delivery Wild Berry -- 30 ServingsCymbiotikaVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories 5-MTHF -- 1 mg - 60 CapsulesDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsFolate2024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Active Folate B12 Chewable -- 60 Chewable WaferDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsFolate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories B Complex-75 -- 60 CapsulesDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Choline, Folic Acid, Inositol, Niacinamide, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories B-12 MC Liquid -- 1000 mcg - 1 fl ozDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsFolate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Benefits Line™ Adrenal Benefits™ -- 120 CapsulesDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsFolate, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Chewable B12-MC -- 100 TabletsDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsFolic Acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Daily Best™ Ultra Multivitamin -- 60 CapsulesDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Hair Skin and Nails -- 60 CapsulesDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Methylsulfonylmethane, Folate, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Iron Bis-Glycinate -- 60 CapsulesDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Prostate Health -- 60 CapsulesDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, R-Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Lycopene, Vitamin B6, Resveratrol, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Spectra Man Multi -- 120 TabletsDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional Supplements Lipase, Octacosanol, PABA, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, L-Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Gamma Linolenic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Spectra™ Multivitamins for Adults -- 240 TabletsDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional Supplements Lipase, Octacosanol, PABA, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, L-Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Nickel, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Spectra™ Senior Multi -- 180 TabletsDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional Supplements lipase, Octacosanol, PABA, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, L-Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Gamma Linolenic Acid, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Spectra™ Woman -- 120 TabletsDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional Supplements lipase, Octacosanol, PABA, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, L-Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Gamma Linolenic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Nickel, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Ultimate Prenatal Multi -- 150 TabletsDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional Supplements lipase, Octacosanol, PABA, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, L-Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
De Cecco 12 Spaghetti -- 1 lbDe CeccoFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
De Cecco Linguine No 7 -- 16 ozDe CeccoFood & BeveragesFolate, Niacin, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Delallo Organic Pasta Capellini No 1 Whole Wheat -- 1 lbDelalloFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Delallo Organic Spaghetti Pasta Whole Wheat No 4 -- 1 lbDelalloFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Designer Whey - Meal Replacement Protein Powder Milk Chocolate -- 1.72 lbsDesigner WellnessWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Designer Whey - Meal Replacement Protein Powder Vanilla Bean -- 1.72 lbsDesigner WellnessWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designs for Sport Multi + Phyto - NSF Certified for Sport -- 120 Vegetarian CapsulesDesigns for SportProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Benfotiamine, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Folate, Lycopene, Manganese, MK-7, MK-9, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Trans-Resveratrol, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designs for Sport Power Pack - NSF Certified for Sport -- 30 PacketsDesigns for SportProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Benfotiamine, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Folate, Lycopene, Manganese, MK-7, MK-9, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Trans-Resveratrol, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan B12 Fast Dissolve -- 90 TabletsDevaVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan Hair Nails and Skin -- 90 TabletsDevaVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, L-cysteine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Vitamin B3, PABA, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Beta Sitosterol, Vitamin B1, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan Multivitamin & Mineral Supplement -- 90 Coated TabletsDevaVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Beta Carotene, Betaine HCL, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Calcium Carbonate, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Rutin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan Multivitamin & Mineral Tiny Tablets -- 90 TabletsDevaVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan Multivitamin and Mineral Supplement Iron Free -- 90 Coated TabletsDevaVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Beta Carotene, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Rutin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan Prenatal One Daily Multivitamin and Mineral -- 90 Coated TabletsDevaVitamins & SupplementsChamomile, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Divine Health Brain Zone Basic -- 120 CapsulesDivine HealthVitamins & SupplementsTrimethylglycine, Trimethylglycine, Curcumin, Folate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Douglas Laboratories B-Complex with Metafolin L-5-MTHF -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesDouglas LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsBiotin, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Thiamin, vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Douglas Laboratories Methyl B12 Plus -- 90 LozengesDouglas LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsL-methylfolate, Folate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Douglas Laboratories Ultra Preventive® Kids Natural Grape -- 60 TabletsDouglas LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, beta, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Douglas Laboratories Ultra Preventive® Kids Natural Orange -- 60 TabletsDouglas LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, beta, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Mercola Kids Chewable Multivitamin Fruit -- 60 TabletsDr. MercolaProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Calcium Ascorbate, Calcium Citrate, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Folate, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Mercola Vitamin B Complex with Benfotiamine -- 180 CapsulesDr. MercolaProfessional SupplementsBenfotiamine, Biotin, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Mercola Vitamin B Complex with Benfotiamine -- 60 CapsulesDr. MercolaProfessional SupplementsBenfotiamine, Biotin, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Mercola Whole Food Multivitamin Plus -- 240 TabletsDr. MercolaProfessional SupplementsPABA, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Vitamin C, Betaine, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Folate, Glutamic Acid, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Niacinamide, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Strontium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Mercola Whole-Food Multivitamin for Women -- 240 TabletsDr. MercolaProfessional SupplementsPABA, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Vitamin C, Betaine, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Folate, Glutamic Acid, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Strontium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Dymatize Super Mass Gainer Gourmet Vanilla -- 6 lbsDymatizeActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Dymatize Super Mass Gainer Rich Chocolate -- 6 lbsDymatizeActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Eclectic Institute Lemon Greens Whole Food Powder -- 3.2 ozEclectic InstituteVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folic Acid, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Black Beans -- 29 ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesFolate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Black Beans Dry -- 16 ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Black Eyed Peas -- 15 ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesFolate, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Brown Rice Green Lentils -- 15 ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesFolate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Cannellini White Kidney Beans -- 15 ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesFolate, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Cannellini White Kidney Beans -- 29 ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesFolate, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic EdenSoy Extra Soy Milk Vanilla -- 32 fl ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesBiotin, Omega-3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Pyridoxine, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic EdenSoy Soymilk Dairy Free Unsweetened -- 32 fl ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesBiotin, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic EdenSoy® Extra Soymilk Dairy Free Original -- 32 fl ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesBiotin, Omega-3, Folate, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Pyridoxine, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic EdenSoy® Soymilk Dairy Free Carob -- 32 fl ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesBiotin, Omega-3, Folate, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Pyridoxine, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic EdenSoy® Soymilk Dairy Free Original -- 32 fl ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesBiotin, Omega-3, Folate, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Pyridoxine, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Garbanzo Beans -- 15 ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesFolate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Garbanzo Beans -- 29 ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesFolate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Great Northern Beans -- 15 ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesFolate, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Kidney Beans -- 15 ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesFolate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Kidney Beans -- 29 ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesFolate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Mexican Rice and Beans -- 15 ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesFolate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Millet Whole Grain Gluten Free -- 16 ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesFolate, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Navy Beans -- 29 ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesFolate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Pasta Kamut Elbows -- 14 ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Pasta Kamut Spirals -- 12 ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Pinto Beans -- 16 ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesFolate, Phosphorus, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Pinto Beans -- 29 ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesFolate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Pistachios Shelled and Dry Roasted -- 4 ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Niacin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Small Red Beans -- 15 ozEden FoodsFood & BeveragesFolate, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Kids Complete Nutrition Shake RTD Plant Powered 2+ Years Chocolate -- 4 PackElseBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Kids Nutritional Shake Plant Protein Powder 2+ Year Vanilla -- 16 ozElseBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Kids Nutritional Shake Plant Protein Powder 2+ Years Chocolate -- 16 ozElseBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Organic Plant-Powered Super Cereal 6+ Months Banana -- 7 ozElseBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Organic Plant-Powered Super Cereal Baby 6+ Months Mango -- 7 ozElseBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Organic Plant-Powered Super Cereal Baby 6+ Months Original -- 7 ozElseBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Organic Plant-Powered Super Cereal Baby 6+ Months Vanilla -- 7 ozElseBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Toddler Omega 3&6 Complete Nutrition Formula Plant-Based 12+ Months -- 22 ozElseBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Toddler Organic Complete Nutrition Formula Plant-Based 12+ Months -- 22 ozElseBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Emerald Cove Organic Toasted Shushi Nori -- 50 SheetsEmerald CoveFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Emergen-C Immune Plus Triple Action Immune Support Super Orange -- 30 PacketsEmergen-CVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, calcium pantothenate, monobasic calcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Chromium, tribasic calcium phosphate, Folate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium carbonate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, sodium bicarbonate, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Emergen-C Vitamin C Fizzy Drink Mix Pink Lemonade -- 1000 mg - 30 PacketsEmergen-CVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, calcium pantothenate, monobasic calcium phosphate, Chromium, tribasic calcium phosphate, Folate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, Riboflavin, sodium bicarbonate, Thiamin, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Raspberry -- 1000 mg - 30 PacketsEner-CVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Lemon Lime -- 1000 mg - 30 PacketsEner-CVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Orange -- 1000 mg - 30 PacketsEner-CVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Beta Carotene, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Peach Mango -- 1000 mg - 30 PacketsEner-CVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Tangerine Grapefruit -- 1000 mg - 30 PacketsEner-CVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Variety Pack -- 1000 mg - 30 PacketsEner-CVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Sugar Free Mixed Berry -- 1000 mg - 30 PacketsEner-CVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Sugar Free Orange -- 1000 mg - 30 PacketsEner-CVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Clear Nutrition Drink Mixed Fruit -- 4 PackEnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Complete Nutrition Shake Milk Chocolate -- 4 ShakesEnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Complete Nutrition Shake Vanilla -- 4 ShakesEnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure High Protein Nutrition Shake Milk Chocolate -- 8 fl oz Each / Pack of 6EnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure High Protein Nutrition Shake Vanilla 8 fl oz -- 6 BottlesEnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Max Protein Nutrition Shake Cafe Mocha -- 11 fl ozEnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Max Protein Nutrition Shake French Vanilla -- 4 ShakesEnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Max Protein Nutrition Shake Milk Chocolate -- 11 fl ozEnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Original Nutrition Shake Strawberry -- 8 fl oz Each / Pack of 6EnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Plus Nutrition Shake Strawberry -- 6 BottlesEnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Plus Nutrition Shake Milk Chocolate -- 6 BottlesEnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Plus Nutrition Shake Vanilla 8oz -- 6 BottlesEnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Original Milk Chocolate Ready-to-Drink Nutrition Shakes -- Pack of 6EnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Original Vanilla Ready-to-Drink Nutrition Shakes -- Pack of 6EnsureWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Equazen VitaSpectrum Powder Unflavored -- 5.04 ozEquazenProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Trimethylglycine, Trimethylglycine, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition ENGN Focus Pre-Workout Engine Watermelon -- 9.52 oz - 30 ServingsEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessBeta-Alanine, Betaine Anhydrous, Caffeine Anhydrous, Chloride, Choline, Folate, Huperzine A, N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition ENGN Pre-Workout Engine Furious Grape -- 30 ServingsEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessFolic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition ENGN Pump Pre-Workout Engine Cherry Limeade -- 9.52 oz - 30 ServingsEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessBeta-Alanine, Betaine Anhydrous, Caffeine Anhydrous, Folate, Vitamin B6, Resveratrol, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition ENGN Shred Pre-Workout Pink Lemonade -- 30 ServingsEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessBeta-Alanine, Choline, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition ENGN Test Pre-Workout Testosterone Fruit Punch -- 10.05 oz - 30 ServingsEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessBeta-Alanine, Caffeine Anhydrous, Chloride, Folate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition ENGN® Shred Pre-Workout Shred Engine Blue Raz -- 30 ServingsEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessFolic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition TRANS4ORM Thermogenic Energizer -- 120 CapsulesEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessCholine, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition VitaMode -- 120 TabletsEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & Fitness Lipase, PABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition Z-Matrix -- 240 CapsulesEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin D3, Folic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Fearn Lecithin Granules -- 16 ozFearnVitamins & SupplementsLinolenic Acid, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Linoleic Acid, Niacin, Fat, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Fitcode Energycode - 30 Servings Watermelon -- 9.8 ozFitcodeActive Lifestyle & FitnessBeta-Alanine, Betaine Anhydrous, Caffeine Anhydrous, Choline, Folic Acid, N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine, Niacinamide, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Fitcode Fit Multi Complete Multivitamin Complex -- 90 TabletsFitcodeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Fitcode LeanPre - 30 Servings Blue Raz -- 8.5 ozFitcodeActive Lifestyle & FitnessBeta-Alanine, Betaine Anhydrous, Choline, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Flora Stressveda with KSM-66 Ashwagandha + Plant-Sourced B-Complex -- 30 Vegetarian CapsulesFloraHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Floradix Iron + Herbs - Iron and Vitamin Tablets Gluten-free Yeast-free Support Healthy Iron Levels -- 80 TabletsFloradixVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Floradix Iron + Herbs - Iron and Vitamin Tablets, Gluten-free Yeast-free Support Healthy Iron Levels -- 120 TabletsFloradixVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Food For Life Organic Ezekiel 4:9 Sprouted Crunchy Cereal Almond -- 16 ozFood For LifeFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folic Acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Food For Life Organic Ezekiel 4:9 Sprouted Crunchy Cereal Golden Flax -- 16 ozFood For LifeFood & BeveragesFolate, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Food For Life Organic Ezekiel 4:9 Sprouted Crunchy Cereal Original -- 16 ozFood For LifeFood & BeveragesFolate, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Black Sesame Seeds Superfood -- 12 ozFoods AliveFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Sprouted Crisps Everything -- 4 ozFoods AliveFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Omega-3, Folate, Niacin, Riboflavin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Sprouted Crisps Lemonly Lemon -- 4 ozFoods AliveFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Sprouted Crisps Original -- 4 ozFoods AliveFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Sprouted Crisps Rosemary -- 4 ozFoods AliveFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Sprouted Crisps Salsa Fresca -- 4 ozFoods AliveFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Omega-3, Folate, Niacin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Sprouted Crisps Tomato & Herb -- 4 ozFoods AliveFood & BeveragesOmega-3, Folate, Niacin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Superfoods Hemp Protein Powder Raw -- 8 ozFoods AliveActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Tart Cherries - Dried -- 10 ozFoods AliveFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Force Factor ProbioSlim® Apple Cider Vinegar -- 60 GummiesForce FactorActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin B9, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Force Factor Test X180 Multivitamin Daily Testosterone Booster + Male Vitality Enhancer -- 120 TabletsForce FactorActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Frontier Co-Op Natural Products Nutritional Yeast Powder -- 16 ozFrontier Co-OpFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Biotin, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Chill Pill® -- 60 Vegetarian TabletsFuturebioticsVitamins & Supplementsdicalcium phosphate, Folic Acid, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics EstroComfort™ -- 56 Vegetarian CapsulesFuturebioticsVitamins & SupplementsFolic Acid, Gamma Oryzanol, Gamma Oryzanol, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Hair Skin & Nails -- 135 TabletsFuturebioticsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Hair Skin & Nails® for Men -- 135 TabletsFuturebioticsVitamins & Supplementspara-Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Hair, Skin and Nails® -- 75 TabletsFuturebioticsVitamins & SupplementsPara Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Betaine, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Methionine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Hi-Energy Multi For Men™ -- 120 TabletsFuturebioticsVitamins & SupplementsPara Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Hi-Energy Multi For Men™ -- 60 TabletsFuturebioticsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics M.V. Teen™ Multi-Vitamin and Mineral Formula for Teens -- 180 CapsulesFuturebioticsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics M.V. Teen™ Multivitamin -- 90 CapsulesFuturebioticsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Multi Vitamin Energy Plus® For Women -- 60 TabletsFuturebioticsVitamins & SupplementsPara Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Organic Folic Acid -- 800 mcg - 120 Vegetarian TabletsFuturebioticsVitamins & SupplementsFolic Acid2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics StressAssist™ -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesFuturebioticsVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Folic Acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Mykind Organics Kids Multi Gummies Organic Cherry -- 120 Vegan GummiesGarden of LifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Raw Organic Meal Plant-Based Chocolate -- 38.03 ozGarden of LifeActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Raw Organic Meal Plant-Based Vanilla -- 37.04 ozGarden of LifeActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life RAW Organic Protein & Greens Real Raw Vanilla -- 19.3 ozGarden of LifeActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Chromium, Cystine, Folate, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin A, Selenium, Serine, Tyrosine, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life RAW Probiotics Women 50 and Wiser -- 85 billion - 90 Vegetarian CapsulesGarden of LifeVitamins & SupplementsChromium, Folate, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code RAW B-Complex -- 120 Vegan CapsulesGarden of LifeVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code RAW B-Complex -- 60 Vegan CapsulesGarden of LifeVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code Raw Iron -- 22 mg - 30 Vegan CapsulesGarden of LifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code RAW One Multivitamin for Women -- 75 Vegetarian CapsulesGarden of LifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code® 50 & Wiser Women Whole Food Multivitamin -- 120 Vegetarian CapsulesGarden of LifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, CoQ10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code® 50 & Wiser Women Whole Food Multivitamin -- 240 Vegetarian CapsulesGarden of LifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, CoQ10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code® 50 and Wiser Men -- 240 Vegetarian CapsulesGarden of LifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lycopene, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code® RAW One™ Multivitamin for Men -- 75 Vegetarian CapsulesGarden of LifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
GEM Calm Essentials Bites Banana Cinnamon -- 28 BitesGEMVitamins & SupplementsVitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Gerber Cereal for Baby Supported Sitter First Foods Oatmeal -- 16 ozGerberBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Gerber Cereal for Baby Supported Sitter First Foods Rice -- 8 ozGerberBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Gerber Grain & Grow Stage 3 Hearty Bits MultiGrain Non-GMO Cereal Banana Apple Strawberry -- 8 ozGerberBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Glucerna Hunger Smart Shake Homemade Vanilla -- 6 BottlesGlucernaWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glycerin, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Glucerna Hunger Smart Shake Rich Chocolate -- 6 BottlesGlucernaWeight ManagementFolic Acid2024-11-29 10:47:42
Glucerna Nutritional Shake Creamy Strawberry -- 6 BottlesGlucernaWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Glucerna Nutritional Shake Homemade Vanilla -- 6 BottlesGlucernaWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Glucerna Protein Smart Shakes Chocolate -- 4 ShakesGlucernaWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Glucerna Protein Smart Shakes Vanilla -- 4 ShakesGlucernaWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Glucerna Shake Rich Chocolate -- 8 fl ozGlucernaWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Gnarly Nutrition Hydrate - NSF Certified for Sport Orange Pineapple -- 14.1 ozGnarly NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessChloride, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Gnarly Nutrition Performance Greens - NSF Certified for Sport Blueberry Acai -- 12.8 ozGnarly NutritionVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Gnarly Nutrition Vegan Protein - NSF Certified for Sport Chocolate -- 36.8 ozGnarly NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Gnarly Nutrition Vegan Protein - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 36.8 ozGnarly NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Go Raw Organic Sprouted Sunflower Seeds Sea Salt -- 14 ozGo RawFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Go Raw Organic Sprouted Sunflower Seeds Sea Salt -- 4 ozGo RawFood & BeveragesVitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Go Raw Organic Sprouted Super Simple Seeds -- 14 ozGo RawFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Goli Nutrition Apple Cider Vinegar Gummies -- 60 GummiesGoli NutritionVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Goli Nutrition Kids Complete MultiVitamin Vegan -- 80 GummiesGoli NutritionVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
Goli Nutrition Supergreens Gummies -- 60 GummiesGoli NutritionVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Good Day Chocolate Adults Energy Supplement -- 50 Candy Coated PiecesGood Day ChocolateVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Caffeine, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Good Day Chocolate Kids Multivitamin -- 70 Chocolate PiecesGood Day ChocolateVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Good Health Inc. Veggie Straws Sea Salt -- 6.75 ozGood Health Inc.Food & BeveragesVitamin C, Vitamin B7, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Green Foods Dr Hagiwara Green Magma Barley Grass Juice Powder -- 5.3 ozGreen FoodsHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Chlorophyll, Folic Acid, Vitamin A, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Green Foods Dr Hagiwara Green Magma Barley Grass Juice Tablets -- 500 mg - 250 TabletsGreen FoodsHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Chlorophyll, Folic Acid, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Green Foods Green Magma® Organic Barley Grass Juice Powder -- 10.6 ozGreen FoodsHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Chlorophyll, Folic Acid, Vitamin A, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Green Foods Organic and Raw Wheat Grass Shots -- 10.6 ozGreen FoodsHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Chlorophyll, Folic Acid, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Green Foods Organic and Raw Wheat Grass Shots -- 5.3 ozGreen FoodsHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Chlorophyll, Folic Acid, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Green Foods True Vitality Plant Protein Shake with DHA Vanilla -- 25.2 ozGreen FoodsActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Boost Dutch Chocolate -- 10.5 ozGreens FirstVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Magnesium Phosphate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B5, Phosphorus, Potassium Phosphate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Boost French Vanilla -- 10.5 ozGreens FirstVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Magnesium Phosphate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B5, Phosphorus, Potassium Phosphate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Female - ConceEVE -- 180 CapsulesGreens FirstVitamins & SupplementsCellulose, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, D-Chiro-Inositol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Female - Prenatal with Vegan DHA Plus Probiotics -- 90 Vegetable CapsulesGreens FirstVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, dextrin, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Vitamin B3, potassium bicarbonate, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens Plus Meal Replacement PlusShake™ Raw Chocolate -- 1.5 lbsGreens PlusActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens Plus Organics Superfood Amazon Chocolate -- 8.46 ozGreens PlusVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin B7, Vitamin B9, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens Plus Original Superfood -- 240 Veggie CapsulesGreens PlusVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Holistic Dry Cat Food Wild-Caught Salmon & Whitefish Recipe -- 3 lbsHaloPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, folic acid, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Holistic Dry Cat Food Wild-Caught Salmon & Whitefish Recipe -- 6 lbsHaloPet Suppliesbiotin, d-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, folic acid, Max, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Holistic Dry Cat Food Sensitive Stomach Support Wild-Caught Whitefish Recipe -- 6 lbHaloPet Suppliesd-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, Max, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Holistic Dry Cat Food Healthy Weight Support Cage-Free Chicken Recipe -- 3 lbsHaloPet Suppliesbiotin, d-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, folic acid, L-carnitine, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Holistic Dry Cat Food Healthy Weight Support Cage-Free Chicken Recipe -- 6 lbsHaloPet Suppliesbiotin, d-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, folic acid, Max, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Holistic Dry Dog Food Cage-Free Chicken & Brown Rice -- 3.5 lbsHaloPet Suppliesd-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, folic acid, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Holistic Dry Dog Food Vegan Superfoods Plant-Based Recipe -- 3.5 lbsHaloPet Suppliesbiotin, d-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, copper sulfate, iron sulfate, folic acid, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin A acetate, taurine, ergocalciferol, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Holistic Dry Puppy Food Cage-Free Chicken & Brown Rice -- 3.5 lbsHaloPet Suppliesd-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, folic acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Holistic Senior Dog Dry Food Cage-Free Chicken and Sweet Potato Recipe -- 3.5 lbsHaloPet Suppliesd-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Senior Dog Wet Food Grain-Free Chicken Recipe -- 13.2 oz Each / Pack of 6HaloPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, Docosahexaenoic Acid, folic acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium carbonate, sodium selenite2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Cat Food Grain-Free Chicken Shrimp & Crab Stew -- 5.5 oz Each / Pack of 12HaloPet Suppliesbiotin, calcium citrate, d-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, choline chloride, folic acid, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Cat Food Grain-Free Salmon Stew -- 5.5 oz Each / Pack of 12HaloPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine, tricalcium phosphate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Cat Food Pate Turkey Recipe -- 5.5 oz Each / Pack of 12HaloPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine, tricalcium phosphate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Cat Food Pate Grain-Free Chicken Recipe -- 5.5 oz Each / Pack of 12HaloPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Cat Food Pate Grain-Free Salmon Recipe -- 5.5 oz Each / Pack of 12HaloPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine, tricalcium phosphate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Cat Food Pate Grain-Free Turkey & Duck Recipe -- 5.5 oz Each / Pack of 12HaloPet Suppliesbiotin, d-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine, tricalcium phosphate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Cat Food Pate Grain-Free Turkey Recipe -- 5.5 oz Each / Pack of 12HaloPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine, tricalcium phosphate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Cat Food Pate Grain-Free Whitefish Recipe -- 5.5 oz Each / Pack of 12HaloPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Dog Food Grain-Free Beef Recipe in Broth -- 13.2 oz Each / Pack of 6HaloPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Dog Food Grain-Free Beef Stew -- 5.5 oz Each / Pack of 12HaloPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Dog Food Grain-Free Chicken Stew -- 5.5 oz Each / Pack of 12HaloPet Suppliesbiotin, calcium citrate, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, tricalcium phosphate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Dog Food Grain-Free Holistic Chicken Recipe -- 13.2 oz Each / Pack of 6HaloPet Suppliesbiotin, calcium citrate, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, tricalcium phosphate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Dog Food Grain-Free Holistic Lamb Recipe -- 13.2 oz Each / Pack of 6HaloPet Suppliesbiotin, calcium citrate, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, tricalcium phosphate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Dog Food Grain-Free Holistic Turkey & Salmon Recipe -- 13.2 oz Each / Pack of 6HaloPet Suppliesbiotin, calcium citrate, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, tricalcium phosphate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Dog Food Grain-Free Turkey & Salmon Stew -- 5.5 oz Each / Pack of 12HaloPet Suppliesbiotin, calcium citrate, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, tricalcium phosphate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Dog Food Grain-Free Small Breed Chicken & Salmon Recipe -- 5.5 oz Each / Pack of 12HaloPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium carbonate, sodium selenite2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Dog Food Grain-Free Small Breed Turkey & Duck Recipe -- 5.5 oz Each / Pack of 12HaloPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium carbonate, sodium selenite, tricalcium phosphate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Baby Food 4+ Months Mango -- 3.5 ozHappy BabyBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Baby Food 6+ Months Apples Guavas & Beets -- 4 ozHappy BabyBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Folate, Phosphorus, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Baby Food 6+ Months Apples Pumpkin & Carrots -- 4 ozHappy BabyBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Baby Food 6+ Months Green Beans Spinach & Pears -- 4 ozHappy BabyBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Folate, Phosphorus, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Baby Food 6+ Months Pears Kale & Spinach -- 4 ozHappy BabyBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Folate, Phosphorus, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Baby Food 6+ Months Pears Squash & Blackberries -- 4 ozHappy BabyBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Folate, Phosphorus, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Baby Food 6+ Months Pears Zucchini & Peas -- 4 ozHappy BabyBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Folate, Phosphorus, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Infant Formula A2 Milk Powder 0-12 Months Stage 1 -- 22.9 ozHappy BabyBaby & Kids Productsascorbyl palmitate, Vitamin C, beta-carotene, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, Chloride, cholecalciferol, Choline, cupric sulfate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, vitamin e, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Fat, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium chloride, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium citrate, Vitamin B1, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, phytonadione, Vitamin K, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Infant Formula Powder 0-12 Months Stage 1 -- 21 ozHappy BabyBaby & Kids Productsascorbyl palmitate, dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, betacarotene, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, Chloride, cholecalciferol, Choline, cupric sulfate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Fat, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium citrate, sodium selenite, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamine, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Infant Formula Powder 6-12 Months Stage 2 -- 21 ozHappy BabyBaby & Kids Productsascorbyl palmitate, dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, betacarotene, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, Chloride, cholecalciferol, Choline, cupric sulfate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Fat, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium citrate, sodium selenite, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamine, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Meal Bowl 9+ Months Sweet Potato & Coconut Curry -- 4 ozHappy BabyBaby & Kids ProductsFolate, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Superfood Puffs Crawling Baby Snack Kale & Spinach -- 2.1 ozHappy BabyBaby & Kids ProductsDL-alpha-tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, cholecalciferol, choline, Vitamin E, ferric pyrophosphate, Folate, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, vitamin B5, Phosphorus, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, Thiamin, vitamin B1, tricalcium phosphate, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Tot Organic Fiber & Protein Puree 2+ Years Pear Kiwi & Kale -- 4 ozHappy TotBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Tot Organic Superfoods Chia 2+ Years Banana Peach Mango -- 4.22 ozHappy TotBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Folate, Phosphorus, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Tot Organic Superfoods Chia 2+ Years Pears Mangos & Spinach -- 4 PouchesHappy TotBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Tot Super Bellies Fruit & Veggie Blend 2+ Years -- 8 PouchesHappy TotBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Folate, fructooligosaccharide, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Havasu Nutrition Premium Multivitamin Gummies Natural Fruit -- 60 GummiesHavasu NutritionVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
HealFast Complete Recovery - Pre & Post Surgery Nutrition -- 2 PackHealFastProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin D3, Vitamin B9, L-Glutamine, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
HealFast Post-Surgery Nutrition -- 100 CapsulesHealFastProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin D3, Vitamin B9, L-Glutamine, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
HealFast Pre-Surgery Nutrition -- 40 CapsulesHealFastProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin D3, Vitamin B9, L-Glutamine, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Healright Daily Micronutrient Bar Caramel Apple Fig -- 2.19 ozHealrightProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, glycerin, maltitol, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healright Daily Micronutrient Bar Chocolate Cherry Pomegranate -- 14 BarsHealrightProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, glycerin, Maltitol, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healright Daily Micronutrient Bar Chocolate Cherry Pomegranate -- 2.19 ozHealrightProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, glycerin, Maltitol, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healright Daily Micronutrient Bar Lemon Blueberry -- 2.19 ozHealrightProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, glycerin, Maltitol, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healright Daily Micronutrient Bar Peanut Butter Banana -- 2.19 ozHealrightProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, glycerin, Maltitol, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Health Plus Blood Cleanse™ -- 753 mg - 90 CapsulesHealth PlusVitamins & SupplementsAstaxanthin, Folic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Healths Harmony Kids Vitamin Gummies Organic Strawberry Orange Lemon -- 60 GummiesHealths HarmonyVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sodium citrate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Healthy Pup Multi Max for Dogs -- 120 Soft ChewsHealthy PupPet Suppliescitric acid, alpha-Linolenic Acid, Biotin, Calcium Ascorbate, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Choline, citric acid, Cobalt, copper carbonate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, Vitamin E, glycerin, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, maltodextrin, Manganese, Niacin, Oleic Acid, d-Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Pyridoxine, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, sorbic acid, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Menadione, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Heaven Sent Bio Available B-12 -- 60 TabletsHeaven SentVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, fructose, Folic Acid, Vitamin B6, sodium bicarbonate, Sorbitol, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Heaven Sent Wellgenix Balanced Essentials + Plus Liquid Vitamins Berry -- 32 fl ozHeaven SentVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Antimony, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Kelp, Barium, Beryllium, Biotin, Bismuth, Boron, Bromide, Omega 3, Cerium, Cesium, Chromium, citric acid, Cobalt, Cystine, Vitamin E, fructose, Dysprosium, Erbium, Europium, Fluoride, Folate, Gadolinium, Gallium, Vitamin E, Glycine, Gold, Hafnium, Histidine, Holmium, Inositol, Iodine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Lanthanum, Leucine, Calcium Carbonate, Lithium, Lutetium, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Molybdenum, Neodymium, Niacin, Nickel, Niobium, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Praseodymium, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Rhenium, Riboflavin, Rubidium, Samarium, Scandium, Selenium, Serine, Silicon, Silver, Strontium, Tantalum, Tellurium, Terbium, Thallium, Thiamin, Thorium, Threonine, Thulium, Tin, Titanium, Tryptophan, Tungsten, Tyrosine, Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Ytterbium, Yttrium, Zirconium2024-11-29 10:47:42
Human Beanz Multivitamin Jelly Beans Essential Vitamins Plus Zinc Berry Blast -- 120 Jelly BeansHuman BeanzVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, maltodextrin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sodium citrate, Sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Baked & Saucy Dry Dog Food Beef + Sweet Potato -- 10.25 lbsI and Love and YouPet Suppliescitric acid, D-calcium pantothenate, citric acid, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Baked & Saucy Dry Dog Food Beef + Sweet Potato -- 4 lbsI and Love and YouPet Suppliescitric acid, D-calcium pantothenate, citric acid, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Baked & Saucy Dry Dog Food Chicken + Sweet Potato -- 10.25 lbsI and Love and YouPet Suppliescitric acid, D-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, citric acid, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Baked & Saucy Dry Dog Food Chicken + Sweet Potato -- 4 lbsI and Love and YouPet Suppliescitric acid, D-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, citric acid, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Chicken Me Out Pate Wet Cat Food Chicken Recipe -- 3 oz Can / Pack of 24I and Love and YouPet Suppliesbiotin, d-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, potassium,chloride, potassium iodide, sodium selenite, Taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Farm to Sea Feast Pate Wet Cat Food Variety Pack Beef Salmon Turkey -- 3 oz Can / Pack of 12I and Love and YouPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, chloride, choline, folic acid, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine, tricalcium phosphate2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Feed Meow Shreds Wet Cat Food Variety Pack Chicken Salmon Tuna -- 12 PouchesI and Love and YouPet Suppliesbiotin, d-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, fructooligosaccharide, magnesium sulfate, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine, tricalcium phosphate, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Naked Essentials Dry Cat Food Chicken + Duck -- 11 lbsI and Love and YouPet Suppliescitric acid, biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, citric acid, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, Linoleic Acid, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Naked Essentials Dry Cat Food Salmon + Trout -- 11 lbsI and Love and YouPet Suppliescitric acid, biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, citric acid, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, Linoleic Acid, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Naked Essentials Dry Cat Food Salmon + Trout -- 3.4 lbsI and Love and YouPet SuppliesBiotin, Calcium Pantothenate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Choline Chloride, Copper Sulfate, Vitamin E, Ferrous Sulfate, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Calcium Carbonate, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Sodium Selenite, Taurine, Zinc Sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Naked Essentials Dry Cat Food Hairball Care Salmon + Whitefish -- 3.4 lbsI and Love and YouPet Suppliescitric acid, biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, citric acid, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, powdered cellulose, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Naked Essentials Dry Dog Food Chicken + Duck -- 4 lbsI and Love and YouPet Suppliescitric acid, d-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, citric acid, copper sulfate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, Vitamin E, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Naked Essentials Dry Dog Food Duck & Chicken -- 11 lbsI and Love and YouPet SuppliesBiotin, Calcium Pantothenate, Choline Chloride, Copper Sulfate, Vitamin E, Ferrous Sulfate, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Calcium Carbonate, Potassium Chloride, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Sodium Selenite, Zinc Sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Naked Essentials Dry Dog Food Lamb + Bison -- 11 lbsI and Love and YouPet Suppliesd-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, copper sulfate, Vitamin E, folic acid, Vitamin E, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Naked Essentials Dry Dog Food Lamb + Bison -- 4 lbsI and Love and YouPet Suppliescitric acid, d-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, citric acid, copper sulfate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, Vitamin E, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Naked Essentials Puppy Dry Dog Food Chicken + Lentils -- 4 lbsI and Love and YouPet Suppliesd-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, copper sulfate, Vitamin E, Docosahexaenoic Acid, iron sulfate, folic acid, Vitamin E, niacin, Phosphorus, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin A, sodium selenite, Taurine, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Ninja Cat Jiu Jit Stew Wet Cat Food Variety Pack Chicken Salmon Tuna -- 3 oz Can / Pack of 12I and Love and YouPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine, tricalcium phosphate2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Nude Super Food Dry Cat Food Poultry a Plenty -- 5 lbI and Love and YouPet Suppliesbiotin, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, copper sulfate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, Vitamin E, calcium carbonate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Nude Super Food Dry Dog Food Poultry Palooza -- 5 lbsI and Love and YouPet Suppliescitric acid, d-calcium pantothenate, citric acid, copper sulfate, Docosahexaenoic Acid, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Nude Super Food Dry Dog Food Simply Sea -- 5 lbsI and Love and YouPet Suppliescitric acid, d-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, citric acid, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Oh My Cod! Pate Wet Cat Food Cod -- 3 oz Can / Pack of 24I and Love and YouPet Suppliesbiotin, d-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Pate All Day Wet Cat Food Variety Pack Chicken Cod Turkey -- 3 oz Can / Pack of 12I and Love and YouPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, chloride, choline chloride, folic acid, potassium iodide, sodium selenite, Taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You XOXOs Mix Pâté Wet Cat Food Variety Pack Chicken and Beef -- 12 CansI and Love and YouPet Suppliesbiotin, d-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine, tricalcium phosphate, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You XOXOs Mix Pâté Wet Cat Food Variety Pack Salmon and Whitefish -- 12 CansI and Love and YouPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, magnesium sulfate, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine, tricalcium phosphate, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You XOXOs Mix Wet Cat Food Variety Pack Chicken & Tuna Stew -- 12 CansI and Love and YouPet Suppliesbiotin, d-calcium pantothenate, folic acid, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine, tricalcium phosphate, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Igennus Super B-Complex – Methylated with Methylfolate & Vit C - Slow Release & Potent -- 60 TabletsIgennusVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Formulas One Daily Iron Free Multivitamin -- 90 TabletsInnateProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Response Formulas B Complex -- 180 TabletsInnateProfessional SupplementsBiotin, Folate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Response Formulas B Complex -- 90 TabletsInnateProfessional SupplementsBiotin, Folate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Response Formulas Baby & Me Multivitamin -- 120 TabletsInnateProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Response Formulas Baby & Me Multivitamin -- 60 TabletsInnateProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Response Formulas Iron Response -- 90 TabletsInnateProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, stearic acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Response Formulas Men Over 40 One Daily Iron Free -- 60 TabletsInnateProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Response Formulas One Daily -- 90 TabletsInnateProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Response Formulas Women Over 40 One Daily -- 60 TabletsInnateProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Integrative Therapeutics Active B-Complex -- 60 CapsulesIntegrative TherapeuticsProfessional Supplementsascorbyl palmitate, Biotin, cellulose, Choline, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals Living Green Liquid-Gel Multi For Men Economy Size -- 120 SoftgelsIrwin NaturalsVitamins & Supplements L-5-Hydroxytryptophan, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, glycerin, L-Isoleucine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals Living Green Liquid-Gel Multi For Women -- 120 Liquid SoftgelsIrwin NaturalsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, glycerin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals Living Green Liquid-Gel Multi™ For Men -- 90 Liquid SoftgelsIrwin NaturalsVitamins & Supplements L-5-Hydroxytryptophan, Vitamin C, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Isoleucine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals Triple-Tea Fat Burner -- 75 Liquid SoftgelsIrwin NaturalsWeight ManagementVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Jarrow Formulas Brain Health Methyl Folate -- 400 mcg - 60 Veggie CapsJarrow FormulasVitamins & Supplements Cellulose, Folate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jigsaw Health Activated B with SRT® -- 120 TabletsJigsaw HealthVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Choline, Folate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Jigsaw Health Magnesium with SRT® -- 240 TabletsJigsaw HealthVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Malic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Jigsaw Health MagSRT® Magnesium Supplement -- 120 TabletsJigsaw HealthVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Malic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Jyoti Delhi Saag Spinach and Mustard Greens with Ginger and Peppers -- 15 ozJyotiFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jyoti Matar-Paneer Peas and Cheese -- 15 ozJyotiFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kabrita Goat Milk Toddler Formula 12-24 Months -- 14 ozKabritaBaby & Kids Productsvitamin E acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, tri calcium citrate, calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, vitamin D3, choline chloride, copper sulfate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, Vitamin E, inositol, Iodine, Lactose, L-carnitine, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, vitamin B6 hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, retinyl acetate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, sodium selenite, taurine, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, tri calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, vitamin K1, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Plant Based Whole Food Multivitamin -- 60 Veggie CapsKagedActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, kelp, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL B-6 B-12 Folic Acid Dropins™ Natural Mixed Berry -- 2 fl ozKALVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Vitamin B6, stevia, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL B-6 B-12 Methyl Folate ActivMelt™ Mixed Berry -- 60 MicroTabletsKALVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, cellulose, citric acid, Folate, Vitamin B6, stevia, sodium bicarbonate, sorbitol, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Kal GABA L-Thenine Stress B Lozenge Natural Mango Tangerine -- 100 LozengesKALVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, cellulose, fructose, Folate, GABA, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, stearic acid, Thiamine, Cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, Xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL Nutritional Yeast Flakes -- 12 ozKALFood & BeveragesAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cystine, Folate, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Molybdenum, niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL Stress B-Complex -- 100 TabletsKALVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Cellulose, Choline, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Keto Wise Meal Replacement Shake Gold Chocolate Fudge Brownie -- 16.1 ozKeto WiseWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper gluconate, Erythritol, Folate, calcium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine HCL, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, selenium methionine, thiamine HCL, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Keto Wise Meal Replacement Shake Gold Creamy Peanut Butter -- 16.1 ozKeto WiseWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper gluconate, Erythritol, Folate, calcium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine HCL, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, selenium methionine, thiamine HCL, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Keto Wise Meal Replacement Shake Gold French Vanilla -- 16.1 ozKeto WiseWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper gluconate, Erythritol, Folate, calcium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine HCL, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, selenium methionine, thiamine HCL, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
King Arthur Baking Company Unbleached All Purpose Flour -- 5 lbsKing Arthur Baking CompanyFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Niacin, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, Thiamin, vitamin B12024-11-29 10:47:42
King Arthur Baking Company Unbleached Cake Flour Blend -- 32 ozKing Arthur Baking CompanyFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folic Acid, mik, Niacin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Klean Athlete B-Complex - NSF Certified for Sport -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesKlean AthleteProfessional SupplementsBiotin, Choline, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Klean Athlete Gummy Multivitamin - NSF Certified for Sport Raspberry Lemonade -- 100 GummiesKlean AthleteProfessional Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, sodium citrate, cane sugar, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
Klean Athlete Klean Multivitamin - NSF Certified for Sport -- 60 TabletsKlean AthleteProfessional SupplementsL-methylfolate, Vitamin C, Astaxanthin, Biotin, Cellulose, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, leaf, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, glycerin, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Molybdenum, Pantothenic Acid, Pterostilbene, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamine, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Kiss Your Blues Away - Blue Spirulina Calming Powder Blend -- 8.78 ozKOSHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyBiotin, Folate, malic acid2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Plant Protein Powder Chocolate -- 20.6 ozKOSWeight Managementlipase, cellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Plant Protein Powder Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 20.56 ozKOSWeight Managementlipase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Plant Protein Powder Vanilla -- 19.6 ozKOSWeight Managementlipase, cellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Plant Protein with Blue Spirulina & Immunity Blueberry Muffin -- 20.6 ozKOSWeight Managementlipase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Superfood Plant Protein Powder Chocolate -- 28 ServingsKOSWeight Managementcellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, potassium iodide, Riboflavin, Selenium, DL-alpha tocopherol, cyanocobalamin, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Superfood Plant Protein Powder Vanilla -- 28 ServingsKOSWeight Managementcellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, potassium iodide, Riboflavin, Selenium, DL-alpha tocopherol, cyanocobalamin, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Superfood Plant Protein Powder - 15 Servings Strawberries & Cream -- 20.1 ozKOSWeight Managementcellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, potassium iodide, Riboflavin, Selenium, DL-alpha tocopherol, cyanocobalamin, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Superfood Plant Protein Powder - 28 Servings Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 38.5 ozKOSWeight Managementcellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, potassium iodide, Riboflavin, Selenium, DL-alpha tocopherol, cyanocobalamin, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Superfood Plant Protein Powder - 28 Servings Salted Caramel Coffee -- 36.54 ozKOSWeight Managementlipase, cellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, potassium iodide, Riboflavin, Selenium, DL-alpha tocopherol, Vitamin B12, phylloquinone, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Superfood Plant Protein Powder - 28 Servings Strawberries & Cream -- 37.5 ozKOSWeight Managementcellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, potassium iodide, Riboflavin, Selenium, DL-alpha tocopherol, cyanocobalamin, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Superfood Plant Protein Powder - 28 Servings Unflavored -- 33.6 ozKOSWeight Managementcellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, potassium iodide, Riboflavin, Selenium, DL-alpha tocopherol, cyanocobalamin, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kyolic Aged Garlic Extract™ Total Heart Health Formula 108 -- 100 CapsulesKyolicHerbs, Botanicals & Homeopathycellulose, Folate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
La Panzanella All Natural Artisan Crackers Mini Croccantini® Original -- 6 ozLa PanzanellaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, folic acid, niacin, Vitamin A, riboflavin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Juice Not From Concentrate Organic Non-GMO Beet Ginger Turmeric -- 32 fl ozLakewoodFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Manganese2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Juice Not From Concentrate Organic Non-GMO Carrot Ginger Turmeric -- 32 fl ozLakewoodFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin A, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Juice Not From Concentrate Organic Non-GMO Mango -- 32 fl ozLakewoodFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Juice Not From Concentrate Organic Non-GMO Orange Mango -- 32 fl ozLakewoodFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Pantothenic Acid, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Juice Not From Concentrate Organic Non-GMO Pineapple Ginger -- 32 fl ozLakewoodFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Manganese2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Juice Not From Concentrate Organic Non-GMO Pure Pineapple -- 32 fl ozLakewoodFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Manganese2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Juice Not From Concentrate Organic Non-GMO Pure Pink Grapefruit -- 32 fl ozLakewoodFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Pantothenic Acid, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Juice Not From Concentrate Organic Non-GMO Pure Tart Cherry -- 32 fl ozLakewoodFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic 100% Juice Blend Fresh Pressed Orange & Carrot -- 32 fl ozLakewoodFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin A, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Fresh Pressed Juice Papaya Blend -- 32 fl ozLakewoodFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Fresh Pressed Juice Blend Orange & Mango -- 12.5 fl ozLakewoodFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Pantothenic Acid, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Juice Concentrate Tart Cherry -- 12.5 fl ozLakewoodFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Pure Juice Fresh Pressed Beet -- 32 fl ozLakewoodFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Manganese2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Pure Juice Fresh Pressed Orange -- 12.5 fl ozLakewoodFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Pure Juice Fresh Pressed Pomegranate -- 32 fl ozLakewoodFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Pantothenic Acid2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Pure Orange Juice -- 32 fl ozLakewoodFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Larabar Gluten Free No Sugar Added Fruit & Nut Bar Peanut Butter & Jelly -- 16 BarsLarabarFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folic Acid, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lean1 Nutrition 53 Fat Burning Meal Replacement Chocolate -- 2 lbsLean1Weight ManagementD-alpha-tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, Chloride, vitamin D3, Chromium, copper gluconate, Vitamin E, beta glucans, ferrous fumarate, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, phytosterols, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium molybdate, sodium selenate, taurine, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, alpha lipoic acid, calcium phosphate, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lean1 Nutrition 53 Fat Burning Meal Replacement Vanilla -- 1.72 lbsLean1Weight ManagementLipase, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Iodine, Maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Potassium Chloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Taurine, Thiamin, Sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lean1 Nutrition 53 Original Fat Burning Protein Shake Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 2 lbsLean1Weight Managementlipase, DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper gluconate, Vitamin E, ferrous fumarate, Folate, Vitamin E, glutamine, Iodine, calcium carbonate, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium molybdate, sodium selenate, cane sugar, taurine, Thiamin, sucralose, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lean1 Nutrition 53 Plant-Based Fat Burning Protein Shake Vanilla -- 1.7 lbsLean1Weight ManagementBiotin, d-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chromium, copper gluconate, ferrous fumarate, Folate, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium bicarbonate, sodium molybdate, sodium selenate, cane sugar, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, sucralose, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lean1 Plant-Based Fat Burning Protein Shake Powder Chocolate -- 31.7 ozLean1Weight ManagementBiotin, d-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chromium, copper gluconate, ferrous fumarate, Folate, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium bicarbonate, sodium molybdate, sodium selenate, cane sugar, taurine, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, sucralose, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Legal Sea Foods Fish Fry Gourmet -- 14.5 ozLegal Sea FoodsFood & Beveragesmonocalcium phosphate, folic acid, maltodextrin, niacin, riboflavin, baking soda2024-11-29 10:47:42
Life Extension BioActive Complete B-Complex -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesLife ExtensionVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Life Extension Folate & Vitamin B12 -- 90 Vegetarian CapsulesLife ExtensionVitamins & Supplementsdicalcium phosphate, Folate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Life Extension Two-Per-Day Capsules -- 120 CapsulesLife ExtensionVitamins & SupplementsD-alpha tocopheryl succinate, Apigenin, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5'-phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, gluconate, Inositol, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, pyridoxine HCl, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, beta, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Life Extension Two-Per-Day Tablets -- 120 TabletsLife ExtensionVitamins & SupplementsD-alpha tocopheryl succinate, Apigenin, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5'-phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, gluconate, glycerin, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamine, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, beta, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Lifetime All One Rice Base Multiple Vitamin & Mineral Powder Unflavored -- 2.2 lbsLifetimeVitamins & SupplementsPara Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Kelp, Beta Carotene, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Calcium Pantothenate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Calcium Carbonate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Potassium Iodide, Vitamin B6, Retinol Acetate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lifetime Multiple Vitamin & Mineral Powder Unflavored -- 2.2 lbsLifetimeVitamins & SupplementsPara Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Kelp, Biotin, Calcium Pantothenate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Calcium Carbonate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lifetime Supreme Vital Hair -- 120 CapsulesLifetimeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, L-Cysteine, Folic Acid, Inositol, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert Drink Mix EcoSport Hydration Blueberry Acai -- 24 Stick PacksLily of the DesertActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert Drink Mix EcoSport Hydration Lemon Lime -- 24 Stick PacksLily of the DesertActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert Drink Mix EcoSport Hydration Watermelon -- 24 Stick PacksLily of the DesertActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert EcoDrink Nutrient Support Caffeine Free Blueberry Pomegranate -- 24 Stick PacksLily of the DesertActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert EcoDrink Nutrient Support Caffeine Free Fruit Punch -- 24 Stick PacksLily of the DesertActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert EcoDrink Nutrient Support Caffeine Free Peach Mango -- 24 Stick PacksLily of the DesertActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert EcoDrink Nutrient Support Caffeine Free Strawberry Lemomade -- 24 Stick PacksLily of the DesertActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Liquid Health B-Complex Mega Energy Passion Orange -- 32 fl ozLiquid HealthVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Biotin, Choline, citric acid, Folate, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, pyridoxal-5 phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Liquid Health Complete Multiple Natural Berry -- 32 fl ozLiquid HealthVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, d-calcium pantothenate, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, erythritol, Riboflavin 5 phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, malic acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, allulose, pyridoxal 5 phosphate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Little DaVinci Kids Focus Brain Health Tasty Orange -- 90 Chewable TabletsLittle DaVinciProfessional SupplementsBetaine Anhydrous, N,N-Dimethylglycine, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, Vitamin B6, Sorbitol, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Little DaVinci Kids Mightiest Vite Multivitamin Powder Fruit Punch -- 30 ServingsLittle DaVinciProfessional Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Vitamin D3, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
LivOn Laboratories Lypo-Spheric™ B-Complex plus -- 30 PacketsLivOn LaboratoriesVitamins & SupplementsBenfotiamine, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Luna Gluten Free Whole Nutrition Bars Blueberry Bliss -- 15 BarsLunaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Luna Gluten Free Whole Nutrition Bars Chocolate Cupcake -- 15 BarsLunaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Luna Gluten Free Whole Nutrition Bars Chocolate Peppermint Stick -- 15 BarsLunaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Luna Gluten Free Whole Nutrition Bars LemonZest -- 15 BarsLunaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Hearts Shelled Hemp Seeds Natural -- 2 ozManitoba HarvestFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Hearts Shelled Hemp Seeds -- 1 lbManitoba HarvestFood & BeveragesFolate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Hearts Shelled Hemp Seeds -- 5 lbManitoba HarvestFood & BeveragesFolate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Hearts Shelled Hemp Seeds -- 8 ozManitoba HarvestFood & BeveragesFolate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Instant Superseed Oatmeal Apple & Cinnamon -- 9 ozManitoba HarvestFood & BeveragesVitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Instant Superseed Oatmeal Maple & Brown Sugar -- 9 ozManitoba HarvestFood & BeveragesVitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Ground Hemp Seed -- 7 ozManitoba HarvestVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Hemp + Chia & Flax -- 7 ozManitoba HarvestVitamins & SupplementsVitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Hemp Hearts Shelled Hemp Seeds -- 5 lbManitoba HarvestFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Hemp Hearts Shelled Hemp Seeds -- 7 ozManitoba HarvestFood & BeveragesFolate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Hemp+ Matcha Powder -- 5.5 ozManitoba HarvestVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Hemp+ Supergreens Powder -- 7.5 ozManitoba HarvestVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Mason Natural Daily Multiple Vitamins With Iron -- 365 TabletsMason NaturalVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Vitamin B3, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, stearic acid, Vitamin B1, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
Mason Natural Folic Acid -- 800 mcg - 100 TabletsMason NaturalVitamins & SupplementsFolate, microcrystalline cellulose, stearic acid2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mason Natural Folic Acid B-6 & B-12 -- 90 TabletsMason NaturalVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Microcrystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, Vitamin B6, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Mason Natural Prenatal Multivitamin with DHA & Zinc Banana Orange -- 60 GummiesMason NaturalVitamins & Supplementscitrus pectin, citric acid, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Vitamin D3, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sodium citrate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Mason Natural Stress B-Complex with Antioxidants + Zinc -- 60 TabletsMason NaturalVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, stearic acid, Vitamin B1, titanium dioxide, glyceryl triacetate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Baby & Me 2 Prenatal Multivitamin with Folate and Choline -- 120 TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Balanced B Complex with Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6 and Folate -- 60 TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Folate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Balanced B Complex with Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6 and Folate -- 90 TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Folate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Blood Builder Iron Supplement Minis with Vitamin C -- 60 TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, stearic acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Blood Builder Iron Supplement with Vitamin C -- 180 TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, stearic acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Blood Builder Iron Supplement with Vitamin C -- 30 TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, stearic acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Blood Builder Iron Supplement with Vitamin C -- 60 TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, stearic acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Kids B Complex Vitamins -- 30 Mini TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Kids Multivitamin Brain & Immune Support Berrylicious -- 60 GummiesMegaFoodVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium citrate, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Kids One Daily Multivitamin Grape -- 30 Soft ChewsMegaFoodVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, glycerin, malic acid, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Kids One Daily Multivitamin Bone Health Immune Support -- 60 Mini TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Methyl B12 Vitamins -- 90 TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Vitamin B6, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Multivitamin for Men - Gummy Vitamins Wild Blueberry -- 60 GummiesMegaFoodVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lycopene, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Multivitamin for Women - Gummy Vitamins Tangerine -- 60 GummiesMegaFoodVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, sodium citrate, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Vegan B12 with Vitamin B6 and Folate as Folic Acid -- 30 TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsFolate, microcrystalline cellulose, Vitamin B6, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Women Over 55+ One Daily Multivitamin -- 120 TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Women Over 55+ One Daily Multivitamin -- 60 TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Women Over 55+ One Daily Multivitamin -- 90 TabletsMegaFoodVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
MenoLabs MenoFit® Menopause Probiotic for Healthy Weight -- 60 CapsulesMenoLabsVitamins & SupplementsL-5-methyltetrahydrofolate, Vitamin C, Benfotiamine, Vitamin D3, Folate, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MenoLabs Menoglow Menopause Probiotic for Signs of Aging -- 60 CapsulesMenoLabsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Benfotiamine, Vitamin D3, Folate, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Mi-Del Simply Mi-Delicious Ginger Snaps -- 10 ozMi-DelFood & BeveragesVitamin C, folic acid, niacin, Vitamin A, riboflavin, baking soda, thiamine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mi-Del Swedish Style Cookies Lemon Snaps -- 10 ozMi-DelFood & BeveragesVitamin C, folic acid, niacin, Vitamin A, riboflavin, baking soda2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mill Creek Botanicals Biotin Therapy Formula Shampoo -- 14 fl ozMill CreekBeauty & Personal Carecitric acid, biotin, calendula, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, goldenseal, panthenol, provitamin B5, vitamin B9, glycerin, niacin, sodium benzoate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mill Creek Jojoba Balancing Formula Conditioner -- 14 fl ozMill CreekBeauty & Personal Carecitric acid, allantoin, biotin, calendula, cetearyl alcohol, citric acid, goldenseal, panthenol, provitamin B5, vitamin B9, glycerin, niacin, retinyl palmitate, vitamin A, sodium benzoate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mill Creek Jojoba Balancing Formula Shampoo -- 14 fl ozMill CreekBeauty & Personal Carecitric acid, allantoin, biotin, citric acid, golden seal, panthenol, provitamin B5, vitamin B9, glycerin, niacin, sodium benzoate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Momentous Brain Drive - NSF Certified for Sport - Informed Sport Certified - 30 Servings -- 60 CapsulesMomentousProfessional SupplementsFolate, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Momentous Essential Multivitamin - NSF Certified for Sport - 30 Servings -- 120 Vegetarian CapsulesMomentousProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Benfotiamine, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, Lycopene, Manganese, MK-7, MK-9, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Trans-Resveratrol, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM B-12 Methylcobalamin -- 2000 mcg - 60 LozengesMRMVitamins & SupplementsFolic Acid, orange flavor, maltodextrin, sorbitol, Sucrose, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Veggie Meal Replacement Vanilla Bean -- 3 lbsMRMActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, trehalose, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
My Cookie Dealer Protein Cookies Double Chocolate Chip -- 12 CookiesMy Cookie DealerActive Lifestyle & Fitnessfolic acid, niacin, riboflavin, baking soda, sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
My Cookie Dealer Protein Cookies Milk & Cookies -- 12 CookiesMy Cookie DealerActive Lifestyle & Fitnessfolic acid, invert sugar, niacin, phosphoric acid, vitamin B2, baking soda, sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natrol Complete Balance® for Menopause AM - PM -- 60 CapsulesNatrolVitamins & SupplementsFolic Acid, maltodextrin, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Natrol JuiceFestiv® Daily Fruit and Daily Veggie -- 60 Capsule BottlesNatrolVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, dibasic calcium phosphate, Folate, maltodextrin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Natrol L-Arginine -- 5000 mg - 90 TabletsNatrolVitamins & SupplementsFolate, glycerin, methylcellulose, Vitamin B6, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Natrol Memory Complex -- 60 TabletsNatrolVitamins & Supplementsdicalcium phosphate, Folate, glycerin, Huperzine A, Microcrystalline cellulose, maltodextrin, methylcellulose, Vitamin B3, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Naturade Total Soy® Meal Replacement Strawberry Creme -- 17.88 ozNaturadeWeight Managementd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Fructose, ferrous sulfate, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium chloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Naturade VeganSmart Protein & Greens Vanilla Crème -- 22.8 ozNaturadeWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Folate, GI, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Sugar, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Naturade VeganSmart™ All-In-One Nutritional Shake Chai -- 15 ServingsNaturadeWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Folate, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Naturade VeganSmart™ All-In-One Nutritional Shake Chocolate -- 15 ServingsNaturadeWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Folate, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Naturade VeganSmart™ All-In-One Nutritional Shake Vanilla -- 15 ServingsNaturadeWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Folate, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Balance Happy Camper Stress Chill -- 120 VegCapsNatural BalanceVitamins & SupplementsChamomile, Folate, Lithium, maltodextrin, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Balance Maximum Strength Liquid Biotin Dietary Supplement Citrus -- 5000 mcg - 2 fl ozNatural BalanceVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Folic Acid, Malic acid, Sodium Benzoate, Xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Dog Company Multivitamin Supplements For Dogs -- 90 Soft ChewsNatural Dog CompanyPet Suppliesascorbic acid, beta carotene, vitamin B7, Choline, Vitamin E, ferrous gluconate, Folic Acid, vitamin E, inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium iodate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, Selenium, vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, vitamin B6, vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Stacks Brain Food Stacks -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesNatural StacksVitamins & Supplementsascorbyl palmitate, Vitamin C, Trimethylglycine, Trimethylglycine, cellulose, Folate, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Stacks Dopamine Brain Food Capsules -- 45 Vegetarian CapsulesNatural StacksVitamins & Supplementsascorbyl palmitate, Vitamin C, Trimethylglycine, Trimethylglycine, cellulose, Folate, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Stacks Focus Stack - NeuroFuel & Dopamine -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesNatural StacksVitamins & Supplementsascorbyl palmitate, Vitamin C, Trimethylglycine, Trimethylglycine, Folate, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Nature Made Folic Acid -- 400 mcg - 250 TabletsNature MadeVitamins & SupplementsFolate, maltodextrin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nature Made Multi For Her -- 90 TabletsNature MadeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D 3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nature Made Multi For Her 50+ -- 90 TabletsNature MadeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nature Made Stress B-Complex -- 75 TabletsNature MadeVitamins & Supplementsdl-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, Vitamin E, folic acid, Vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nature Made Super B Energy Complex -- 60 SoftgelsNature MadeVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, dibasic calcium phosphate, Folate, glycerin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition Original Protein Bar Churro -- 1.76 oz Each / Pack of 15NuGo NutritionWeight ManagementVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, cane sugar, Thiamin, vanilla, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition Protein Bars Orange Smoothie -- 15 BarsNuGo NutritionWeight ManagementVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, palmitate, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, cane sugar, Thiamin, vitamin B1, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition To Go Bars Chocolate -- 15 BarsNuGo NutritionWeight Managementd-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin E, fructose, Folic Acid, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, maltodextrin, Niacin, niacinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, cane sugar, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B-62024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition To Go Bars Chocolate Banana -- 15 BarsNuGo NutritionWeight ManagementVitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin E, fructose, vitamin B9, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, maltodextrin, Niacin, niacinamide, palmitate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, cane sugar, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition To Go Bars Coffee -- 15 BarsNuGo NutritionWeight ManagementD-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin E, fructose, folic acid, vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, maltodextrin, Niacin, niacinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, cane sugar, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B-62024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition To Go Bars Peanut Butter Chocolate -- 15 BarsNuGo NutritionWeight Managementd-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin E, fructose, folic acid, vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, sugar, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B-62024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition To Go Bars Vanilla Yogurt -- 15 BarsNuGo NutritionWeight Managementd-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin E, fructose, folic acid, vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, maltodextrin, Niacin, niacinamide, Phosphorus, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, beet sugar, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutiva Organic Shelled Hemp Seeds -- 19 ozNutivaFood & BeveragesFolate, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Extreme Mass Chocolate -- 15.6 ServingsNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, cholecalciferol, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Maltodextrin, Vitamin B3, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, vitamin K1, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Extreme Mass Vanilla -- 15.6 ServingsNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, cholecalciferol, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Maltodextrin, Vitamin B3, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, vitamin K1, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio MultiSport for Men -- 120 CapsulesNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio MultiSport for Women -- 120 CapsulesNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraChamps B Complex Liquid Drops Raspberry -- 2 fl ozNutraChampsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, D-Biotin, citric acid, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Pyridoxine, Riboflavin, Thiamine2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraChamps Vitamin D3 + B12 Gummies Raspberry -- 60 GummiesNutraChampsVitamins & Supplementscitrus pectin, citric acid, Vitamin D3, citric acid, Folate, sodium citrate, Sugar, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutrex Research ISOFIT - 30 Servings Cookies & Cream -- 2.3 lbsNutrex ResearchActive Lifestyle & Fitnessfolic acid, niacin, vitamin B2, sugar, vitamin B1, sucralose2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutrex Research LIPO-6® Black Hers -- 60 CapsulesNutrex ResearchActive Lifestyle & FitnessCaffeine Anhydrous, Folic Acid, Glycerin, Rauwolscine, Vitamin B12, Yohimbine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutri 5-MTHF L-Methylfolate -- 15 mg - 120 Vegan TabletsNutriVitamins & SupplementsFolate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutri Lutein Zeaxanthin & Meso-Zeaxantin Triple Caretenoid Vision Complex -- 20/12 mg - 60 Vegan CapsulesNutriVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin D3, Copper Gluconate, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Lutein, Meso-Zeaxanthin, Vitamin A, Selenium, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutri Methylfolate 5-MTHF -- 1 mg - 120 Vegan TabletsNutriVitamins & Supplementsdicalcium phosphate, Folate2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriBiotic Multi Vitamins & Minerals -- 180 CapsulesNutriBioticVitamins & SupplementsPara Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Glucono delta lactone, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, calcium carbonate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, montmorillonite, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriCology B12 Adenosylcobalamin Vegetarian Lozenges -- 3000 mcg - 60 LozengesNutriCologyVitamins & Supplementscellulose, Folic Acid, Sorbitol, stearic acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriCology Ocudyne II -- 200 CapsulesNutriCologyVitamins & SupplementsN-Acetyl L-Cysteine, Vitamin C, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriCology Super B Vitamins Non Yeast or Corn Derived -- 120 Vegetarian CapsulesNutriCologyVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Vitamins + Caffeine Hydration Single Tube Blackberry Citrus -- 10 TabletsNUUNActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, d-alpha tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, Chloride, citric acid, Vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, pyridoxal 5-phosphate, Vitamin B6, retinyl acetate, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium carbonate, vitamin B6, ergocalciferol2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Vitamins + Caffeine Hydration Single Tube Ginger Lemonade -- 10 TabletsNUUNActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, d-alpha tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, Chloride, citric acid, Vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, pyridoxal 5-phosphate, Vitamin B6, retinyl acetate, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium carbonate, vitamin B6, ergocalciferol2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Vitamins Hydration Single Tube Blueberry Pomegranate -- 10 TabletsNUUNActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium carbonate, Sugar, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Vitamins Hydration Single Tube Grapefruit Orange -- 10 TabletsNUUNActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, d-alpha tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, Chloride, citric acid, Vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, pyridoxal 5-phosphate, Vitamin B6, retinyl acetate, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium carbonate, vitamin B6, ergocalciferol2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Vitamins Hydration Single Tube Strawberry Melon -- 10 TabletsNUUNActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, d-alpha tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, Chloride, citric acid, Vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, pyridoxal 5-phosphate, Vitamin B6, retinyl acetate, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium carbonate, vitamin B6, ergocalciferol2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Vitamins Hydration Single Tube Tangerine Lime -- 10 TabletsNUUNActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, d-alpha tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, Chloride, citric acid, Vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, pyridoxal 5-phosphate, Vitamin B6, retinyl acetate, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium carbonate, vitamin B6, ergocalciferol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Adult Multi Probiotic Gummy Tropical Twist -- 70 GummiesOllyVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Cane sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Kids Multi Gummy Worms Sour Fruity Punch -- 70 GummiesOllyVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, lactic acid, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, beet sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Kids Multi Plus Probiotic Yum Berry Punch -- 100 GummiesOllyVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, lactic acid, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Cane sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Kids Multi plus Probiotic Yum Berry Punch -- 70 GummiesOllyVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, lactic acid, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Cane sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Teen Girl Multi Berry Melon Besties -- 70 GummiesOllyVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, lactic acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, beet sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly The Essential Prenatal Sweet Citrus -- 60 GummiesOllyVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, ascorbyl palmitate, Vitamin C, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, EPA, Folate, Vitamin E, lactic acid, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Ultra Strength Hair -- 30 SoftgelsOllyVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Folate, glycerin, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Ultra Strength Prenatal Folic Acid + DHA Multivitamin -- 60 SoftgelsOllyVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, EPA, Folate, Vitamin E, glycerin, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
One Degree Organic Foods Gluten Free Sprouted Granola Vanilla Chia -- 11 ozOne Degree Organic FoodsFood & Beveragesvitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Thiamin, tocopherols2024-11-29 10:47:42
One Degree Organic Foods Organic Sprouted Granola Cinnamon Flax -- 11 ozOne Degree Organic FoodsFood & Beveragesvitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Thiamin, tocopherols2024-11-29 10:47:42
One Degree Organic Foods Organic Sprouted Oat Granola Honey Hemp -- 11 ozOne Degree Organic FoodsFood & Beveragesvitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Thiamin, tocopherols2024-11-29 10:47:42
One Degree Organic Foods Sprouted Brown Rice Cacao Crisps Cacao -- 10 ozOne Degree Organic FoodsFood & Beveragesvitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, tocopherols, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
One Degree Organic Foods Sprouted Brown Rice Crisps Cereal -- 8 ozOne Degree Organic FoodsFood & Beveragesvitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, tocopherols, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
One-A-Day Mens 50 Plus Complete Multivitamin -- 65 TabletsOne-A-DayVitamins & Supplementsdl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper sulfate, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Calcium carbonate, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium molybdate, sodium selenite, stearic acid, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, phylloquinone, Vitamin K, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
One-A-Day Proactive 65+ Multivitamin for Men & Women -- 150 TabletsOne-A-DayVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, Chromium, copper sulfate, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Calcium carbonate, maltodextrin, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium selenite, stearic acid, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
One-A-Day VitaCraves Adult Multi Gummies -- 150 GummiesOne-A-DayVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, vitamin E acetate, Vitamin C, d-biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, folic acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, sucrose, vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Gold Standard Pre-Workout For Performance and Energy Blueberry Lemonade -- 30 ServingsOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, acesulfame potassium, acesulfame potassium, Beta-Alanine, Caffeine, citric acid, L-Citrulline Malate, Folic Acid, malic acid, N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, tartaric acid, Thiamin, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Gold Standard Pre-Workout For Performance and Energy Fruit Punch -- 30 ServingsOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Beta-Alanine, Caffeine, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, tartaric acid, Thiamin, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Gold Standard Pre-Workout For Performance and Energy Watermelon Candy -- 30 ServingsOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Beta-Alanine, Caffeine, citric acid, L-Citrulline Malate, Folate, malic acid, N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, tartaric acid, Thiamin, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Men Multivitamin for Men -- 150 TabletsOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & Fitness Lipase, PABA, Alpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, L-Cystine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, Lutein, Lycopene, L-Lysine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, L-Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Men Multivitamin for Men -- 240 TabletsOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & Fitness Lipase, PABA, Alpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, L-Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, L-Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Men Multivitamin for Men -- 90 TabletsOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessPABA, Alpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, L-Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, glycerine, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, Lutein, Lycopene, L-Lysine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, L-Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Women Multivitamin for Women -- 120 CapsulesOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, kelp, Biotin, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Isoflavone, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, citrate, sodium selenate, citrate, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Women Multivitamin for Women -- 60 CapsulesOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, kelp, Biotin, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium iodide, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, citrate, citrate, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Serious Mass Protein Powder Supplement Chocolate -- 16 ServingsOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessPABA, acesulfame potassium, acesulfame potassium, d-alpha tocopheryl succinate, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, calcium citrate, d-calcium pantothenate, di-calcium phosphate, cholecalciferol, Choline, Chromium, copper gluconate, Vitamin E, ferrous fumarate, folic acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Inositol, Iodine, Maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, selenomethionine, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Kids Nutritional Shake 22 Vitamins & Minerals Chocolate -- 12 ShakesOrgainBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Kids Nutritional Shake 22 Vitamins & Minerals Strawberry -- 12 ShakesOrgainBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Kids Nutritional Shake 22 Vitamins & Minerals Vanilla -- 12 ShakesOrgainBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Nutrition Grass Fed Protein Shake Creamy Chocolate Fudge -- 12 ShakesOrgainActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Nutrition Shake Creamy Chocolate Fudge -- 12 ShakesOrgainActive Lifestyle & FitnessDL-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, cholecalciferol, copper gluconate, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, magnesium sulfate, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, trisodium phosphate, Phosphorus, potassium chloride, tripotassium citrate, potassium iodide, tripotassium phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, tricalcium phosphate, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Nutrition Shake Sweet Vanilla Bean -- 12 ShakesOrgainActive Lifestyle & FitnessDL-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, cholecalciferol, copper gluconate, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, magnesium sulfate, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, trisodium phosphate, Phosphorus, potassium chloride, tripotassium citrate, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, tricalcium phosphate, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Nutrition Shake Grass Fed Protein Iced Cafe Mocha -- 12 ShakesOrgainActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Nutrition Shake Grass Fed Protein Strawberries & Cream -- 12 ShakesOrgainActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Folate, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Nutrition Vegan Protein Shake Plant Based Smooth Chocolate -- 12 ShakesOrgainWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Nutrition Vegan Protein Shake Plant Based Vanilla Bean -- 12 ShakesOrgainWeight ManagementVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Vegan 21g Protein Powder + 50 Superfoods Plant Based Creamy Chocolate Fudge -- 2.02 lbsOrgainActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Vegan 21g Protein Powder + 50 Superfoods Plant Based Vanilla Bean -- 2.02 lbsOrgainActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Erythritol, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Vegan Meal Replacement Powder 20g Plant Based Protein Chocolate -- 2.01 lbsOrgainActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Erythritol, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Vegan Meal Replacement Powder 20g Plant Based Protein Vanilla -- 2.01 lbOrgainActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Erythritol, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Organic Collagen Australia Pure Collagen & Liver -- 120 CapsulesOrganic Collagen AustraliaVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B7, Folate, Vitamin A, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Organic Collagen Australia Pure Collagen & Strawberry -- 120 CapsulesOrganic Collagen AustraliaVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate2024-11-29 10:47:42
PB2 Peanut Powder with Cocoa -- 16 ozPB2Food & BeveragesFolate, Phosphorus, sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
PB2 Powdered Almond Butter -- 6.5 ozPB2Food & BeveragesFolate, Phosphorus2024-11-29 10:47:42
pHresh Products Greens Raw Alkalizing Superfood 1 Month Supply -- 5 ozpHresh ProductsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
pHresh Products pHresh Greens® Alkalizing Superfood -- 10 ozpHresh ProductsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
pHresh Products Superblends Up Beet -- 1 lbpHresh ProductsVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Pines International Barley Grass -- 500 mg - 250 TabletsPines InternationalHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Pines International Barley Grass -- 500 mg - 500 TabletsPines InternationalHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Pines International Organic Barley Grass Powder -- 10 ozPines InternationalHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Pines International Organic Barley Grass Powder -- 24 ozPines InternationalHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Pines International Organic Wheat Grass Powder -- 10 ozPines InternationalHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Chromium, Folate, Selenium, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Pines International Organic Wheat Grass Powder -- 24 ozPines InternationalHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Pines International Organic Wheat Grass Powder -- 3.5 ozPines InternationalHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Folic Acid, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Pines International Pines Wheat Grass -- 500 mg - 1400 TabletsPines InternationalHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Chromium, Folate, Selenium, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Pines International Pines Wheat Grass -- 500 mg - 500 TabletsPines InternationalHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
PlantFusion Complete Meal Shake Chocolate Caramel -- 32.1 ozPlantFusionActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Erythritol, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, L-Isoleucine, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Reb A, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
PlantFusion Complete Meal Shake Creamy Vanilla Bean -- 32.1 ozPlantFusionActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, erythritol, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, L-isoleucine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, reb A, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, L-valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
PlantFusion Vegan Wholefood Blood Support with Iron-Methyl B12-Folate -- 60 Organic VegCapsPlantFusionVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Plum Organics Baby Food Puree 6+ Months Apple Spinach & Avocado -- 6 PouchesPlum OrganicsBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Plum Organics Mighty Protein & Fiber 12+ Months Banana White Bean Strawberry & Chia -- 6 PouchesPlum OrganicsBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Folate, Phosphorus2024-11-29 10:47:42
Plum Organics Mighty Puffs Baby Snacks 9+ Months Beet + Strawberry -- 1.85 ozPlum OrganicsBaby & Kids ProductsDL-alpha tocopherol acetate, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, vitamin B1, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc sulphate2024-11-29 10:47:42
SEDDS Biofolate -- 60 TabletsSEDDSVitamins & Supplementsdicalcium phosphate, Folate, Microcrystalline cellulose, stearic acid2024-11-29 10:47:42
Seeds of Change Organic Brown Basmati Rice Microwave Pouch -- 8.5 ozSeeds of ChangeFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Niacin, Vitamin A, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Seeds of Change Organic Quinoa & Brown Rice with Garlic Microwave Pouch -- 8.5 ozSeeds of ChangeFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, Niacin, Vitamin A, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Serenity Kids Grain Free Puffs Carrot & Beet -- 6 PacksSerenity KidsBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Folate, calcium carbonate, Phosphorus, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Serenity Kids Grain Free Puffs Baby Snack Pumpkin & Cinnamon -- 6 PacksSerenity KidsBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Folate, calcium carbonate, Phosphorus, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Serenity Kids Grass Fed A2 Whole Milk Toddler Formula Powder 12-36 Months -- 21 ozSerenity KidsBaby & Kids ProductsL-methylfolate, ascorbyl palmitate, adenosine-5-monophosphate, alpha-tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chloride, vitamin D3, Choline, copper sulfate, cytidine-5-monophosphate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, Folate, Vitamin E, inositol, Iodine, lacto-n-neotetraose, calcium carbonate, magnesium phosphate, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium selenite, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phylloquinone, Vitamin K, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
SFI Health VitaSpectrum -- 180 Vegetarian CapsulesSFI HealthProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, beta-carotene, Biotin, Boron, cellulose, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Snack Crackers -- 8 ozSimple TruthFood & Beveragesammonium bicarbonate, monocalcium phosphate, folic acid, niacin, riboflavin, sodium bicarbonate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Organic Cinnamon Breakfast Cookie -- 8.8 ozSimple Truth OrganicFood & Beveragesfolic acid, niacin, riboflavin, sodium bicarbonate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Organic Fruit & Grain Bars Blueberry -- 6 BarsSimple Truth OrganicFood & Beveragescitric acid, Vitamin C, monocalcium phosphate, citric acid, Folate, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium bicarbonate, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, Vitamin B6, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Organic Fruit & Grain Bars Strawberry -- 6 BarsSimple Truth OrganicFood & Beveragescitric acid, Vitamin C, tricalcium citrate, monocalcium phosphate, citric acid, Folate, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, potassium carbonate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium bicarbonate, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, Vitamin B6, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Organic Unsweetened Soymilk -- 32 fl ozSimple Truth OrganicFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folate, calcium carbonate, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B12, vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Adult Complete and Fiber -- 180 GummiesSmartyPantsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, L-methylfolate, annatto, Vitamin C, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, EPA, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Adult Fomula Multivitamin -- 180 GummiesSmartyPantsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Kids Formula Cherry Berry -- 120 GummiesSmartyPantsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, L-methylfolate, Vitamin C, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, EPA, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Kids Multi and Fiber Gummies -- 120 GummiesSmartyPantsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, L-methylfolate, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Organic Prenatal Multi & Omegas Gummies -- 120 Vegetarian GummiesSmartyPantsVitamins & SupplementsL-methylfolate, Vitamin C, Biotin, Omega-3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Niacin, Vitamin B6, retinyl palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium citrate, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Organics Kids Formula -- 120 Vegetarian GummiesSmartyPantsVitamins & SupplementsL-methylfolate, Vitamin C, Omega-3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, sodium citrate, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Organics Toddler Formula -- 60 Vegetarian GummiesSmartyPantsVitamins & SupplementsL-methylfolate, Vitamin C, Omega-3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, sodium citrate, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Prenatal Multi & Omegas Gummies -- 120 GummiesSmartyPantsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Sugar Free Kids Multi & Omegas -- 44 GummiesSmartyPantsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, L-methylfolate, Vitamin C, Biotin, Omega-3, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, allulose, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, sodium citrate, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Teen Girl Multi & Omegas Gummies -- 120 GummiesSmartyPantsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, L-methylfolate, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B6, retinyl palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Teen Guy Multi & Omegas Gummies -- 120 GummiesSmartyPantsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, L-methylfolate, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B6, retinyl palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Toddler Multi & Omegas Gummies -- 90 GummiesSmartyPantsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, L-methylfolate, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, retinyl palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Snack Factory Non-GMO Pretzel Crisps Bites Garlic & Herb -- 12 ozSnack FactoryFood & Beveragescitric acid, citric acid, folic acid, lactic acid, niacin, riboflavin, cane sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
Snack Factory Non-GMO Pretzel Crisps Bites Honey Mustard -- 12 ozSnack FactoryFood & Beveragescitric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, fructose, folic acid, malic acid, niacin, riboflavin, cane sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
Snack Factory Non-GMO Pretzel Crisps Bites Sea Salt -- 12 ozSnack FactoryFood & Beveragesfolic acid, niacin, riboflavin, cane sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
Snack Factory Non-GMO Pretzel Crisps Bites Spicy Ranch -- 12 ozSnack FactoryFood & Beveragescitric acid, vinegar, citric acid, folic acid, maltodextrin, niacin, riboflavin, cane sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
Snack Factory Pretzel Crisps Deli Style Buffalo Wing -- 7.2 ozSnack FactoryFood & Beveragescitric acid, vinegar, citric acid, folic acid, maltodextrin, niacin, riboflavin, spice, sodium diacetate, monosodium glutamate, sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
Snack Factory Pretzel Crisps Deli Style Cheddar Cheese -- 7.2 ozSnack FactoryFood & Beveragescitric acid, citric acid, folic acid, lactic acid, maltodextrin, niacin, riboflavin, sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
Snack Factory Pretzel Crisps Deli Style Everything -- 14 ozSnack FactoryFood & Beveragesfolic acid, niacin, riboflavin, sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
Snack Factory Pretzel Crisps Deli Style Garlic Parmesan -- 14 ozSnack FactoryFood & Beveragesfolic acid, niacin, riboflavin, cane sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
Snack Factory Pretzel Crisps Deli Style Garlic Parmesan -- 7.2 ozSnack FactoryFood & Beveragesfolic acid, niacin, riboflavin, cane sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
Snack Factory Pretzel Crisps Drizzlers Dark Chocolate -- 5.5 ozSnack FactoryFood & Beveragesfolic acid, niacin, riboflavin, sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
Snack Factory Pretzel Crisps Drizzlers Milk Chocolate Caramel -- 5.5 ozSnack FactoryFood & Beveragesfolic acid, niacin, riboflavin, sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
Snack Factory Pretzel Crisps® Party Size Cheddar Cheese -- 14 ozSnack FactoryFood & Beveragescitric acid, citric acid, folic acid, lactic acid, maltodextrin, niacin, riboflavin, sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
Snack Factory Pretzel Crisps® Value Size Original -- 14 ozSnack FactoryFood & Beveragesfolic acid, niacin, riboflavin, sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
Snap Supplements Blood Sugar -- 60 CapsulesSnap SupplementsHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyBiotin, Chromium, Folate, Niacin, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Snap Supplements Kidney Health -- 60 CapsulesSnap SupplementsVitamins & SupplementsL-5-MTHF, Vitamin C, chloride, Folate, Vitamin B3, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B2, citrate, citrate, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Solaray B-Complex 100 -- 100 VegCapsSolarayVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Chlorine, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Solgar B-Complex 100 -- 100 Vegetable CapsulesSolgarVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Choline, Folic Acid, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Solgar B-Complex 50 -- 100 Vegetable CapsulesSolgarVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Choline, Folic Acid, Inositol, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Solgar B-Complex with Vitamin C Stress Formula -- 250 TabletsSolgarVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Folic Acid, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Solgar Formula VM-75® Iron-Free -- 180 TabletsSolgarVitamins & Supplementsalpha carotene, Vitamin C, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, cryptoxanthin, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Hesperidin, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, calcium carbonate, lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, zeaxanthin, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
SOS Hydration Daily Hydration Electrolytes Lemon -- 31 ServingsSOS HydrationActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, vitamin D3, citric acid, Folate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, sodium citrate, Sugar, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
SOS Hydration Daily Hydration Electrolytes Lemon -- 8 SticksSOS HydrationActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, vitamin D3, citric acid, Folate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, sodium citrate, Sugar, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
SOS Hydration Daily Hydration Electrolytes Mango -- 31 ServingsSOS HydrationActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, vitamin D3, citric acid, Folate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, sodium citrate, Sugar, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
SOS Hydration Daily Hydration Electrolytes Mango -- 8 SticksSOS HydrationActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, vitamin D3, citric acid, Folate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, sodium citrate, Sugar, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
SOS Hydration Daily Hydration Electrolytes Mixed Berry -- 31 ServingsSOS HydrationActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, vitamin D3, citric acid, Folate, magnesium citrate, potassium chloride, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, sodium citrate, Sugar, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
SOS Hydration Daily Hydration Electrolytes Mixed Berry -- 8 SticksSOS HydrationActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, vitamin D3, citric acid, Folate, magnesium citrate, potassium chloride, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, sodium citrate, Sugar, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
SOS Hydration Daily Hydration Electrolytes Rainbow Sherbet -- 8 SticksSOS HydrationActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, vitamin D3, citric acid, Folate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, sodium citrate, Sugar, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
SOS Hydration Daily Hydration Electrolytes Watermelon -- 31 ServingsSOS HydrationActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, vitamin D3, citric acid, Folate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, sodium citrate, Sugar, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
SOS Hydration Daily Hydration Electrolytes Watermelon -- 8 SticksSOS HydrationActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, vitamin D3, citric acid, Folate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, sodium citrate, Sugar, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Source Naturals Life Force™ Multiple No Iron -- 180 CapsulesSource NaturalsVitamins & SupplementsN-Acetyl L-Cysteine, Vitamin C, Astaxanthin, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, DMAE, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
Sprout Organic Baby Food Smoothie 12+ Months Blueberry Banana Coconut Milk -- 6 PouchesSprout Organic Baby FoodBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sprout Organic Baby Food Smoothie12+ Months Berry Grape Coconut Milk -- 6 PouchesSprout Organic Baby FoodBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin C, Folate, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sprout Organic Baby Food Wafflez Blueberry Apple -- 5 PiecesSprout Organic Baby FoodBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sprout Organic Baby Food Wafflez Oatmeal Chocolate Chip -- 5 PiecesSprout Organic Baby FoodBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sprout Organic Baby Food Wafflez Pumpkin Butter & Jelly -- 5 PiecesSprout Organic Baby FoodBaby & Kids ProductsVitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Stonewall Kitchen Farmhouse Pancake & Waffle Mix -- 33 ozStonewall KitchenFood & BeveragesVitamin C, monocalcium phosphate, folic acid, niacin, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
Stonewall Kitchen Pancake & Waffle Mix Buttermilk -- 16 ozStonewall KitchenFood & BeveragesVitamin C, folic acid, niacin, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium bicarbonate, sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sublingual Products B-Total Twin Pack -- 2 fl ozSublingual ProductsVitamins & SupplementsFolic Acid, glycerine, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, sorbitol, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SUKU Vitamins Active B Complex Perfect Peach -- 50 Pectin GummiesSUKU VitaminsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, agar, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SUKU Vitamins Appley Ever After Apple Cider Vinegar Gummies -- 50 GummiesSUKU VitaminsVitamins & Supplementsagar, Folate, sodium citrate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
SUKU Vitamins Luscious Hair -- 50 GummiesSUKU VitaminsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Silicon, sodium citrate2024-11-29 10:47:42
SUKU Vitamins Teen Boy Total Multi Blueberry & Grape -- 60 Pectin GummiesSUKU VitaminsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, L-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate, agar, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SUKU Vitamins Teen Girl Total Multi Wild Cherry -- 60 Pectin GummiesSUKU VitaminsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, L-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate, agar, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SUKU Vitamins The Complete Kids Multi Gummy Vitamin Tropical Bonanza -- 60 GummiesSUKU VitaminsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, agar, Vitamin C, beta-carotene, Biotin, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sodium citrate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SUKU Vitamins The Complete Prenatal Multi Pineapple & Peach -- 60 Pectin GummiesSUKU VitaminsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, L-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate, agar, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Sun Chlorella A Tablets -- 200 mg - 300 TabletsSun ChlorellaVitamins & SupplementsAlpha-Carotene, Chlorophyll, Folate, Lutein, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Sun Chlorella A Tablets -- 500 mg - 600 TabletsSun ChlorellaVitamins & SupplementsAlpha-Carotene, Chlorophyll, Folate, Lutein, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SunButter Sunflower Butter On the Go Cups Creamy -- 6 CupsSunButterFood & BeveragesVitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Sugar, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SunFood Organic Supergreens & Protein Powder -- 8 ozSunFoodVitamins & SupplementsLipase, Vitamin C, Cellulase, leaf, Folic Acid, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
SunFood Superfoods Organic Supergreens -- 8 ozSunFoodVitamins & SupplementsVitamin B9, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
SunUp Liquid Methyl Folate - 60 Doses -- 680 mcg DFE - 2 fl ozSunUpVitamins & Supplementsascorbic acid, Folate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Illumni8 Lean Meal Superfood Shake Chocolate -- 25.3 ozSunwarriorWeight Managementorange, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Vitamin Mineral Rush In Aloe Superjuice -- 30 fl ozSunwarriorHerbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy Orange, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, stevia, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Swolverine ACV Gummy Apple -- 60 GummiesSwolverineVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, citric acid, Folate, Iodine, Vitamin B6, sodium citrate, sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Swolverine B-Complex -- 30 TabletsSwolverineVitamins & SupplementsPara Aminobenzoic Acid, Biotin, Choline, Folate, Inositol, Calcium carbonate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Swolverine Clean Carbs Sweet Potato Pie -- 870 g - 1.92 lbsSwolverineActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Folate, Phosphorus, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Swolverine Multivitamin -- 60 CapsulesSwolverineActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
Swolverine Plant Protein Chocolate Cake -- 25 ServingsSwolverineWeight ManagementChromium, Folate, Phosphorus2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tartar Shield Cat Treats Wholesome Natural Dental Care Chicken Flavor -- 4.5 ozTartar ShieldPet Suppliesbiotin, d-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, choline chloride, copper sulfate, tocopherol, ethylenediamine dihydroiodide, iron sulfate, folic acid, tocopherol, calcium carbonate, malic acid, niacin, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin A acetate, riboflavin, sodium selenite, taurine, thiamine, vitamin B12, menadione, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tartar Shield Dog Biscuits Daily Dental Treat Chicken -- 26 ozTartar ShieldPet Suppliescalcium pantothenate, vitamin d3, choline chloride, copper sulfate, vitamin e, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, vitamin e, calcium carbonate, malic acid, niacin, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin a, riboflavin, sodium selenite, vitamin b12, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Terry Naturally Clinical Essentials Multi-Vitamin & Minerals -- 60 TabletsTerry NaturallyVitamins & SupplementsPABA, citric acid, Vitamin C, Benfotiamine, Biotin, Boron, calcium ascorbate, calcium fructoborate, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, glycerol monostearate, glycine, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Terry Naturally Healthy Feet & Nerves -- 60 CapsulesTerry NaturallyVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Chromium, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Terry Naturally Healthy Feet & Nerves™ -- 120 CapsulesTerry NaturallyVitamins & SupplementsBenfotiamine, Biotin, Chromium, Folate, cellulose powder, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Terry Naturally Liver Fractions™ with Natural Heme Iron -- 90 CapsulesTerry NaturallyVitamins & SupplementsFolate, cellulose powder, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Terry Naturally Sucontral D Blood Sugar Balance -- 120 CapsulesTerry NaturallyVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Cellulose powder, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Terry Naturally Sucontral D Blood Sugar Balance -- 60 CapsulesTerry NaturallyVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Cellulose powder, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen Butcher Block Pate Dog Food Beef Cheddar & Farm Veggies -- 10.5 ozThe Honest KitchenPet Suppliescalcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, folic acid, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, sodium selenite, vitamin B1, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen Butcher Block Pate Dog Food Chicken & Super Greens -- 10.5 ozThe Honest KitchenPet Suppliescalcium pantothenate, folic acid, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, sodium selenite, vitamin B1, tricalcium phosphate, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen Butcher Block Pate Dog Food Turkey & Autumn Veggies -- 10.5 ozThe Honest KitchenPet Suppliescalcium pantothenate, folic acid, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, sodium selenite, vitamin B1, tricalcium phosphate, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen Cate Grain Free Wet Cat Food Pate Variety Pack -- 8 PacksThe Honest KitchenPet Supplieskelp, vitamin B7, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, vitamin B5, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, taurine, vitamin B1, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen Cate Wet Cat Food Pate Grain Free Beef & Chicken -- 5.5 ozThe Honest KitchenPet Supplieskelp, vitamin B7, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, vitamin B5, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, taurine, vitamin B1, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen Cate Wet Cat Food Pate Grain Free Chicken -- 5.5 ozThe Honest KitchenPet Supplieskelp, vitamin B7, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, vitamin B5, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, taurine, vitamin B1, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen Cate Wet Cat Food Pate Grain Free Salmon & Cod -- 5.5 ozThe Honest KitchenPet Supplieskelp, vitamin B7, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, vitamin B5, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, taurine, vitamin B1, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen Dry Cat Food Whole Food Clusters Grain Free Chicken & Fish -- 4 lbsThe Honest KitchenPet Suppliesbiotin, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, L-carnitine, vitamin B5, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, taurine, vitamin B1, tricalcium phosphate, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen Dry Cat Food Whole Food Clusters Grain Free Turkey & Chicken -- 4 lbsThe Honest KitchenPet Suppliesbiotin, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, L-carnitine, vitamin B5, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, taurine, vitamin B1, tricalcium phosphate, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen Dry Dog Food Whole Food Clusters Grain Free Beef -- 5 lbsThe Honest KitchenPet Suppliescalcium pantothenate, folic acid, vitamin B5, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, taurine, vitamin B1, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen Dry Dog Food Whole Food Clusters Grain Free Chicken -- 5 lbsThe Honest KitchenPet Suppliescalcium pantothenate, folic acid, vitamin B5, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, taurine, vitamin B1, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen One Pot Stews Roasted Beef Stew with Kale Sweet Potatoes & Carrots Beef -- 10.5 ozThe Honest KitchenPet Suppliescalcium pantothenate, folic acid, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, sodium selenite, vitamin B1, tricalcium phosphate, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen One Pot Stews Simmered Salmon & Chicken with Brown Rice & Broccoli Seafood -- 10.5 ozThe Honest KitchenPet Suppliescalcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, folic acid, calcium carbonate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, sodium selenite, vitamin B1, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen One Pot Stews Slow Cooked Chicken with Sweet Potatoes Spinach & Apples Poultry -- 10.5 ozThe Honest KitchenPet Suppliescalcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, folic acid, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, sodium selenite, vitamin B1, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen Wet Cat Food Grain Free Minced Chicken in Bone Broth Gravy -- 5.5 ozThe Honest KitchenPet Suppliesvitamin B7, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, vitamin B5, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, taurine, vitamin B1, tricalcium phosphate, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen Wet Cat Food Grain Free Minced Salmon & Cod in Fish Broth Gravy -- 5.5 ozThe Honest KitchenPet Suppliesvitamin B7, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, vitamin B5, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, taurine, vitamin B1, tricalcium phosphate, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen Wet Cat Food Grain Free Minced Turkey Chicken & Duck in Bone Broth Gravy -- 5.5 ozThe Honest KitchenPet Suppliesvitamin B7, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, vitamin B5, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, taurine, vitamin B1, tricalcium phosphate, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thompson All In One Multivitamin Iron Free -- 60 CapsulesThompsonVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, cellulose, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Thompson B 100 Complex Timed-Release -- 60 TabletsThompsonVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Cellulose, Choline, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thompson B 50 Complex -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesThompsonVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Folic Acid, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thompson B Complex plus Rice Bran -- 60 TabletsThompsonVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Cellulose, Folic Acid, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thompson B12 Lozenge Cherry -- 1000 mcg - 30 LozengesThompsonVitamins & SupplementsFolic Acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Thompson Multi Formula for Women -- 60 CapsulesThompsonVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, cellulose, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thompson Multi-Vitamin with Minerals -- 120 TabletsThompsonVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Cellulose, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thompson Nuplex Multivitamin Multimineral with Iron -- 90 TabletsThompsonVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Cellulose, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thompson Nutritional Yeast Flakes -- 9.2 ozThompsonFood & BeveragesBiotin, folic acid, Niacin, pyridoxine HCl, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, thiamine HCl, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research 5-MTHF Methylfolate -- 1 mg - 60 CapsulesThorne ResearchProfessional SupplementsFolate, Microcrystalline cellulose, leucine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research 5-MTHF Methylfolate -- 5 mg - 60 CapsulesThorne ResearchProfessional SupplementsFolate, Microcrystalline cellulose, leucine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research B-Complex #12 -- 60 CapsulesThorne ResearchProfessional SupplementsBiotin, Choline, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research Basic B Complex -- 60 CapsulesThorne ResearchProfessional SupplementsBiotin, Choline, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, leucine, magnesium citrate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research Basic Nutrient 2-Day -- 60 CapsulesThorne ResearchProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Calcium Pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, d-Gamma Tocopherol, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research Basic Nutrients 2 Day - NSF Certified for Sport -- 60 CapsulesThorne ResearchProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Calcium Pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, d-Gamma Tocopherol, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research Basic Prenatal -- 90 CapsulesThorne ResearchProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research Ferrasorb -- 60 CapsulesThorne ResearchProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, leucine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research Stress B-Complex -- 60 CapsulesThorne ResearchProfessional SupplementsBiotin, Choline, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Tinkyada Brown Rice Elbow Pasta Gluten Free -- 16 ozTinkyadaFood & BeveragesFolate, Niacin, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tinkyada Brown Rice Fusilli Pasta Gluten Free -- 16 ozTinkyadaFood & BeveragesFolate, Niacin, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tinkyada Brown Rice Pasta Fettucini Gluten Free -- 14 ozTinkyadaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tinkyada Brown Rice Pasta Lasagne -- 10 ozTinkyadaFood & BeveragesFolate, Niacin, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tinkyada Brown Rice Pasta Shells Gluten Free -- 16 ozTinkyadaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tinkyada Brown Rice Pasta Spaghetti Style Gluten Free -- 16 ozTinkyadaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tinkyada Brown Rice Pasta Spirals Gluten Free -- 16 ozTinkyadaFood & BeveragesFolate, Niacin, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tinkyada Brown Rice Penne Pasta Gluten Free -- 16 ozTinkyadaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tinkyada Brown Rice Vegetable Pasta Spirals Gluten Free -- 12 ozTinkyadaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tinkyada Organic Brown Rice Pasta Elbows Gluten Free -- 12 ozTinkyadaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tinkyada Organic Brown Rice Pasta Spaghetti Style Gluten Free -- 12 ozTinkyadaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tinkyada Organic Brown Rice Pasta Spirals Gluten Free -- 12 ozTinkyadaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tinkyada Organic Brown Rice Penne Pasta Gluten Free -- 12 ozTinkyadaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tinkyada Pasta Joy™ Brown Rice Pasta Little Dreams -- 14 ozTinkyadaFood & BeveragesVitamin C, Folic Acid, Niacin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Acai Berry -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Cherry Lime -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Cranberry -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, tartaric acid, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Grape -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Guava Passion Fruit -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, glycosides, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, steviol, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Lemon Lime -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Mixed Berry -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Orange Blast -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & Fitnessorange, citric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Pineapple Coconut -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, sugar, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Pomegranate Blueberry -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Raspberry -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Tangerine -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak + Immunity Lemon Berry -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, vanilla, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Sugar Free Citrus -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Sugar Free Orange Mango -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & Fitnessorange, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina PowerPak Watermelon -- 30 PacketsTrace Minerals ResearchActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, tartaric acid, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Liquid Multi Vitamin-Mineral Tropical Mixed Berry -- 30 fl ozTrace Minerals ResearchVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Calcium Citrate, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Thiamine, Tricalcium Phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Boost Shot Energy Drink Mix - 28 Servings Blue Raspberry -- 4.8 ozTransformHQActive Lifestyle & FitnessFolic Acid, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Boost Shot Energy Drink Mix - 28 Servings Peach Mango -- 4.2 ozTransformHQActive Lifestyle & FitnessFolic Acid, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Boost Shot Energy Drink Mix - 28 Servings Pina Colada -- 6.2 ozTransformHQActive Lifestyle & FitnessFolic Acid, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Boost Shot Energy Drink Mix - 28 Servings Strawberry Lemonade -- 4.6 ozTransformHQActive Lifestyle & FitnessFolic Acid, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Hydration Mix - 42 Servings Blue Raspberry -- 0.4 lbsTransformHQActive Lifestyle & FitnessFolate, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Hydration Mix - 42 Servings Cherry Limeade -- 0.32 lbsTransformHQActive Lifestyle & FitnessFolate, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Hydration Mix - 42 Servings Peach Mango -- 0.3 lbsTransformHQActive Lifestyle & FitnessFolate, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Hydration Mix - 42 Servings Pina Colada -- 0.3 lbsTransformHQActive Lifestyle & FitnessFolate, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Hydration Mix - 42 Servings Strawberry Lemonade -- 0.4 lbsTransformHQActive Lifestyle & FitnessFolate, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Meal Replacement Shake - 28 Servings Chocolate -- 2.6 lbsTransformHQActive Lifestyle & Fitnessd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, D-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Thiamin, vitamin B1, sucralose, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Meal Replacement Shake - 28 Servings Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 2.5 lbsTransformHQActive Lifestyle & Fitnessd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, D-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Thiamin, sucralose, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Meal Replacement Shake - 28 Servings Cookies & Cream -- 2.7 lbsTransformHQActive Lifestyle & Fitnessd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, D-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Thiamin, sucralose, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Meal Replacement Shake - 28 Servings Orange Cream -- 2.5 lbsTransformHQActive Lifestyle & Fitnessd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, D-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Thiamin, sucralose, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Meal Replacement Shake - 28 Servings Pineapple Whip -- 2.5 lbsTransformHQActive Lifestyle & Fitnessbeta-carotene, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Meal Replacement Shake - 28 Servings Strawberries & Cream -- 2.5 lbsTransformHQActive Lifestyle & Fitnessd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, D-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Thiamin, sucralose, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Meal Replacement Shake - 28 Servings Vanilla -- 2.5 lbsTransformHQActive Lifestyle & Fitnessd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, D-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Thiamin, vitamin B1, sucralose, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Meal Replacement Shake - 7 Servings Chocolate -- 10.5 ozTransformHQActive Lifestyle & Fitnessd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, D-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Thiamin, vitamin B1, sucralose, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Meal Replacement Shake - 7 Servings Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 10.1 ozTransformHQActive Lifestyle & Fitnessd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, D-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Thiamin, sucralose, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Meal Replacement Shake - 7 Servings Cookies & Cream -- 11.1 ozTransformHQActive Lifestyle & Fitnessd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, D-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Thiamin, sucralose, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Meal Replacement Shake - 7 Servings Strawberries & Cream -- 10.1 ozTransformHQActive Lifestyle & Fitnessd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, D-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Thiamin, sucralose, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Meal Replacement Shake - 7 Servings Vanilla -- 10 ozTransformHQActive Lifestyle & Fitnessd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, D-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, vitamin B2, Thiamin, vitamin B1, sucralose, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Tropical Oasis Adult Multi-Vitamin Mineral -- 16 fl ozTropical OasisVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin Hydrochloride, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tropical Oasis Liquid B-Complex -- 16 fl ozTropical OasisVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Biotin, Choline, citric acid, Folic Acid, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tropical Oasis Mega Premium Multi-Vitamin -- 32 fl ozTropical OasisVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, CoQ10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Vitamin B3, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
True Grace Prenatal Multivitamin -- 120 Vegan TabletsTrue GraceVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
True Grace Prenatal Multivitamin -- 60 Vegan TabletsTrue GraceVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
TruLabs Sleep Nighttime Drink Mix Honey Lemon -- 6 PacketsTruLabsVitamins & Supplements5-HTP, health, Chloride, Folate, GABA, Melatonin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, stevia, sucralose, Vitamin B6, Ashwagandha2024-11-29 10:47:42
TruRoots Organic Sprouted Green Lentils -- 10 ozTruRootsFood & BeveragesFolate, Manganese, Selenium, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
TruRoots Quinoa Organic Non GMO Sprouted Trio -- 11 ozTruRootsFood & BeveragesFolate, Manganese2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twinlab Choline Cocktail™ -- 750 mg - 13.33 ozTwinlabVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, fructose, DMAE, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Carnitine, Maltodextrin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Reb A, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Twinlab Daily One Caps For Women -- 60 CapsulesTwinlabVitamins & Supplements Agnuside, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, riboflavin-5'-phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Twinlab Daily One Caps without Iron -- 180 CapsulesTwinlabVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Twinlab Stress B-Complex Caps -- 100 CapsulesTwinlabVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Folic Acid, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Twinlab Stress B-Complex Caps -- 250 CapsulesTwinlabVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Organic All-in-One Vegan Protein Powder Berry -- 18 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessB2, citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Organic All-in-One Vegan Protein Powder Berry -- 9 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessB2, citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Organic All-in-One Vegan Protein Powder Chocolate -- 10 PacketsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessB2, Vitamin C, Biotin, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Organic All-in-One Vegan Protein Powder Chocolate -- 17 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessB2, Vitamin C, Biotin, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Organic All-in-One Vegan Protein Powder Chocolate -- 42 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Organic All-in-One Vegan Protein Powder Chocolate -- 9 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessB2, Vitamin C, Biotin, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Organic All-in-One Vegan Protein Powder Coconut Almond -- 18 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessB2, Vitamin C, Biotin, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Organic All-in-One Vegan Protein Powder French Vanilla -- 10 PacketsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessB2, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Organic All-in-One Vegan Protein Powder French Vanilla -- 18 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessB2, citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Organic All-in-One Vegan Protein Powder French Vanilla -- 43 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessB2, citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Organic All-in-One Vegan Protein Powder French Vanilla -- 9 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessB2, citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Organic All-in-One Vegan Protein Powder Plain -- 20 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessB2, citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport® Recovery Apple Berry -- 20 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Biotin, Chloride, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium citrate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin2024-11-29 10:47:42
VegLife Vegan B-Complex -- 100 TabletsVegLifeVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
VegLife Vegan Iron -- 25 mg - 100 TabletsVegLifeVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, stearic acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
VegLife Vegan One Multiple with Iron -- 60 TabletsVegLifeVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, calcium citrate, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamine, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
VegLife Vegan One™ Multiple Iron-Free -- 60 TabletsVegLifeVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, calcium citrate, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, montmorillonite clay, stearic acid, Thiamine, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
VegLife Vital Teen™ Boys Multiple -- 60 Vegan CapsulesVegLifeVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, L-carnitine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
VegLife Vital Teen™ Girls Multiple -- 60 Vegan CapsulesVegLifeVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vibrant Health Green Vibrance Pouch -- 23.83 ozVibrant HealthVitamins & SupplementsLipase, Vitamin C, Cellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vibrant Health Green Vibrance Powder -- 23.37 ozVibrant HealthVitamins & SupplementsLipase, Vitamin C, Cellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vibrant Health Green Vibrance Powder -- 83 ServingsVibrant HealthVitamins & SupplementsLipase, Vitamin C, Cellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vibrant Health Maximum Vibrance Chocolate -- 28.2 ozVibrant HealthVitamins & SupplementsLipase, Policosanol, Larch Arabinogalactan, Vitamin C, Astaxanthin, Biotin, Cellulase, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin B9, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lycopene, L-Lysine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Silicon, Vitamin B1, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vibrant Health Maximum Vibrance™ Multi-Supplement Powder Vanilla Bean -- 20.74 ozVibrant HealthVitamins & SupplementsLipase, Vitamin C, Biotin, Cellulase, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Mustard, Nicotinic Acid, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Pyridoxine, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost B-50 Complex -- 100 CapsulesVitacost BrandVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Choline, riboflavin 5'-phosphate, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost-Synergy 3000 Multivitamin -- 180 CapsulesVitacost-SynergyVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, d-beta tocopherol, Biotin, Boron, calcium citrate, cholecalciferol, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, d-delta tocopherol, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, retinyl palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost-Synergy Basic® Multivitamin -- 60 CapsulesVitacost-SynergyVitamins & Supplementsd-alpha tocopheryl succinate, Vitamin C, d-beta tocopherol, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, d-delta tocopherol, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost-Synergy Bioavailable Folate Featuring Quatrefolic® -- 1240 mcg DFE - 60 CapsulesVitacost-SynergyVitamins & SupplementsFolate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost-Synergy Hair Skin & Nails Formula† -- 120 CapsulesVitacost-SynergyVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Methylsulfonylmethane, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost-Synergy Once Daily® Multivitamin -- 60 CapsulesVitacost-SynergyVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost-Synergy Optimized B-100 Complex Enhanced Absorption -- 60 CapsulesVitacost-SynergyVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Choline, riboflavin 5'-phosphate, Folate, inositol hexanicotinate, Inositol, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal 5-phosphate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost-Synergy Twice Daily Energy† Multivitamin -- 60 CapsulesVitacost-SynergyVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Benfotiamine, Biotin, cholecalciferol, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Menaquinone-7, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost-Synergy Ultra B Stress Formula† with Vitamin C -- 240 CapsulesVitacost-SynergyVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion Brain Food Adult Gummy Natural Blueberry -- 50 GummiesVitafusionHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyFolate, fumaric acid, lactic acid, Vitamin B6, sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion Daily Wellness Multi Berry Fusion -- 30 Soft ChewsVitafusionVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, glycerin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Cane sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion Fiber Well Fit Sugar Free -- 90 GummiesVitafusionVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Folate, malic acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion Gorgeous Hair Skin & Nails Multivitamin Natural Raspberry -- 135 GummiesVitafusionVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, lactic acid, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion Hair Skin & Nails Multivitamin Natural Raspberry -- 100 GummiesVitafusionVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, lactic acid, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sucrose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion Multi + Energy Raspberry & Black Tea -- 90 GummiesVitafusionVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion Multi Plus Immune Gummies -- 90 GummiesVitafusionVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, malic acid, Molybdenum, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion MultiVites Adult Complete Multivitamin Gummy Assorted Fruit -- 70 GummiesVitafusionVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, lactic acid, Lutein, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sucrose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion MultiVites™ Multivitamin Gummies Berry Peach and Orange -- 150 GummiesVitafusionVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, lactic acid, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sucrose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion PreNatal Gummy Vitamins Natural Raspberry Lemonade -- 90 GummiesVitafusionVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, fumaric acid, Vitamin E, lactic acid, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
VitaHustle ONE Superfood Protein + Greens Powder - 20g Plant Protein Dark Cacao -- 10 ServingsVitaHustleActive Lifestyle & FitnessVitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Once Daily Multivitamin Complete Daily Vegan For Overall Wellness -- 60 Vegan CapsulesVital NutrientsProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Cellulose, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients B-Complex - Balanced High Potency B Vitamin Complex -- 120 CapsulesVital NutrientsProfessional Supplementsascorbyl palmitate, Biotin, Riboflavin-5-Phosphate, Folate, leucine, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Pyridoxal 5' Phosphate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients B-Complex Balanced High Potency B Vitamin Complex -- 240 Vegan CapsulesVital NutrientsProfessional SupplementsBiotin, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Minimal and Essential Multivitamin -- 90 CapsulesVital NutrientsProfessional Supplementsascorbyl palmitate, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Multi-Nutrients -Without Iron & Iodine- -- 180 Vegetarian CapsulesVital NutrientsProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, cellulose, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Multi-Nutrients 3 Citrate-Malate Formula without Copper and Iron -- 180 CapsulesVital NutrientsProfessional SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Vitamin E, Riboflavin 5' Phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Pyridoxal 5' Phosphate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Planet Vital Dog™ Daily Multivitamin Beef -- 30 Chewable TabletsVital PlanetPet Suppliesascorbic acid, kelp, d-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, methylsulfonylmethane, iron citrate, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, Pyridoxine, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Apple Cider Vinegar Gummies Apple -- 60 GummiesVital ProteinsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, citric acid, Folate, sugar, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitamin Friends Iron Vegan Gummies Strawberry -- 60 GummiesVitamin FriendsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin C, Beta Carotene, Biotin, citric acid, Folic Acid, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, sodium citrate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitanica Dopamine Assist™ -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesVitanicaVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitanica Iron Extra RBC Support -- 60 Vegetarian CapsulesVitanicaVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, calcium ascorbate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous succinate, Folate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitanica Maternal Symmetry™ OB Multivitamin -- 180 Vegetarian CapsulesVitanicaVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Boron, calcium ascorbate, Chromium, Vitamin E, ferrous fumarate, ferrous succinate, riboflavin-5-phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, Selenium, Thiamin, vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Viteyes Classic Areds 2 Companion Multivitamin -- 30 CapletsViteyesVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Nickel, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Silicon, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Viteyes Classic AREDS 2 Companion Multivitamin Beta-Carotene Free -- 90 CapletsViteyesVitamins & SupplementsBiotin, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Lycopene, Molybdenum, Niacin, Nickel, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Silicon, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Viteyes Complete Eye & Total Body Health Multivitamin -- 180 CapsulesViteyesVitamins & SupplementsN-Acetyl Cysteine, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Nickel, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Viteyes Optic Nerve Support -- 90 TabletsViteyesVitamins & SupplementsN-Acetyl Cysteine, Vitamin C, Dicalcium phosphate, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Quercetin Dihydrate, stearic acid, Taurine, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Wellements Organic Baby Multivitamin Drops 2 Months+ Cherry -- 1 fl ozWellementsBaby & Kids Productscitric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Wellness Canned Cat Food Grain Free Chicken -- 5.5 ozWellnessPet Suppliesbeta-carotene, D-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, niacin, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wellness Canned Cat Food Grain Free Minced Chicken Dinner -- 3 ozWellnessPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, folic acid, niacin, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wellness Canned Cat Food Grain Free Sliced Chicken -- 3 ozWellnessPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, folic acid, niacin, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wellness Canned Cat Food Grain Free Sliced Turkey Salmon -- 5.5 ozWellnessPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, niacin, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wellness Complete Health Dry Dog Food Small Breed Deboned Turkey and Oatmeal Recipe -- 4 lbsWellnessPet SuppliesAscorbic Acid, biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, calcium carbonate, niacin, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, sodium selenite, taurine, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wellness Core Canine Original Formula Dry Dog Food -- 4 lbsWellnessPet Suppliesascorbic acid, beta-carotene, biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, calcium carbonate, niacin, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, sodium selenite, taurine, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wellness CORE Healthy Food For Cats Salmon-Whitefish and Herring Recipe -- 5.5 ozWellnessPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, max, niacin, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wellness Core Wet Cat Food Tiny Tasters Pate Chicken -- 1.75 ozWellnessPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, magnesium sulfate, niacin, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium carbonate, sodium selenite, Taurine, thiamine hydrochloride, tricalcium phosphate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wellness Dry Cat Food Complete Health Grain Free Indoor Recipe -- 5.5 lbsWellnessPet Suppliesascorbic acid, biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, copper sulfate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, Vitamin E, Glucosamine, L-carnitine, calcium carbonate, max, niacin, Phosphorus, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium selenite, Taurine, vitamin K, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wellness Natural Dry Dog Food Complete Health Super 5 Mix Deboned Chicken & Oatmeal Recipe -- 5 lbsWellnessPet Suppliesascorbic acid, biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, calcium carbonate, niacin, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, sodium selenite, taurine, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wellness Wet Cat Food Shreds Healthy Indulgence Chicken & Turkey -- 3 oz Each / Pack of 24WellnessPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, magnesium sulfate, max, niacin, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Taurine, thiamine hydrochloride, tricalcium phosphate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wholesome Story Myo & D-Chiro Inositol with MTHF Folate + Vitamin D3 -- 120 Vegetarian CapsulesWholesome StoryVitamins & SupplementsVitamin D3, Folate, D-Chiro Inositol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wild Harvest Dry Cat Food Chicken Brown Rice & Egg -- 3 lbsWild HarvestPet Suppliesbiotin, calcium pantothenate, calcium sulfate, choline chloride, copper sulfate, folic acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wild Harvest Dry Cat Food Chicken Recipe -- 3 lbsWild HarvestPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, copper sulfate, iron sulfate, folic acid, niacin, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wild Harvest Dry Cat Food Salmon & Brown Rice Recipe -- 3 lbsWild HarvestPet Suppliesbeta carotene, biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, Vitamin E, iron sulfate, folic acid, Vitamin E, powdered cellulose, Linoleic Acid, L-lysine, niacin, Phosphorus, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin A, sodium selenite, Taurine, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wild Harvest Dry Dog Food Chicken & Brown Rice -- 4 lbsWild HarvestPet Suppliesbiotin, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, copper sulfate, folic acid, niacin, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wild Harvest Dry Dog Food Lamb & Brown Rice & Carrot -- 4 lbsWild HarvestPet Suppliesbeta carotene, biotin, calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, choline chloride, copper sulfate, folic acid, L-carnitine, calcium carbonate, L-lysine, niacin, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wild Harvest Grain Free Salmon & Vegetable Dry Dog Food -- 3.5 lbsWild HarvestPet Suppliesbiotin, d-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, copper sulfate, folic acid, magnesium sulfate, niacin, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine, zinc sulfate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wild Harvest Grain Free Shredded Chicken in Gravy Recipe Wet Cat Food Chicken -- 5.5 ozWild HarvestPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, folic acid, calcium carbonate, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wild Harvest Grain Free Shredded Salmon in Gravy Recipe Wet Cat Food Salmon -- 5.5 ozWild HarvestPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, folic acid, calcium carbonate, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wild Harvest Grain Free Turkey & Sweet Potato Stew Recipe Wet Dog Food Turkey Stew -- 13.2 ozWild HarvestPet Suppliesbiotin, d-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, tricalcium phosphate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wild Harvest Pate Cat Food Chicken & Whitefish Recipe -- 5.5 ozWild HarvestPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wild Harvest Pate Cat Food Grain Free Turkey & Giblets Recipe -- 5.5 ozWild HarvestPet Suppliesbiotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wild Harvest Wet Dog Food Beef & Chicken Recipe -- 13.2 ozWild HarvestPet Suppliesbiotin, d-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite2024-11-29 10:47:42
Woodstock Non-GMO Almond Butter Smooth Unsalted -- 16 ozWoodstockFood & BeveragesFolate2024-11-29 10:47:42
World Organic B-12 with Folic Acid -- 2 fl ozWorld OrganicVitamins & SupplementsFolate, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
World Organic Hair-Nu Supplement -- 120 TabletsWorld OrganicVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Di-calcium phosphate, Choline, L-Cysteine, Folate, Inositol, Iodine, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, stearic acid, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
World Organic Ultra-B Liquid -- 16 fl ozWorld OrganicVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Biotin, Choline, Folate, Inositol, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zahler B-Complex Bioactive B Complex Formula -- 60 Time Release TabletsZahlerVitamins & SupplementsBenfotiamine, Biotin, Dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Niacin, Pantethine, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zahler B-Complex Bioactive B-Complex Formula -- 120 Time Release TabletsZahlerVitamins & SupplementsBenfotiamine, Biotin, Dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Niacin, Pantethine, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zahler Iron Complex Gentle & Non-Constipating Formula -- 100 CapsulesZahlerVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, L-Histidine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Zahler Methylfolate -- 60 CapsulesZahlerVitamins & SupplementsFolate, microcrystalline cellulose2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zahler Multivitamin Beauty -- 60 CapsulesZahlerVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Astaxanthin, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantethine, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zahler Multivitamin Brainfood -- 60 CapsulesZahlerVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zahler Multivitamin Metabolism -- 60 CapsulesZahlerVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantethine, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zahler Multivitamin One Daily -- 60 CapsulesZahlerVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantethine, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zahler Prenatal + DHA 300 Optimal Formula -- 120 SoftgelsZahlerVitamins & Supplementsannatto, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Docosahexaenoic Acid, Folate, Vitamin E, glycerin, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zahler Prenatal + DHA 300 Optimal Formula -- 180 SoftgelsZahlerVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Docosahexaenoic Acid, Riboflavin 5-Phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
Zesty Paws 8-in-1 Multivitamin Bites Supplement for Dogs Chicken -- 250 Soft ChewsZesty PawsPet Suppliescitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, citric acid, Vitamin E, Docosahexaenoic Acid, Folic Acid, vitamin E, powdered cellulose, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zesty Paws 8-in-1 Multivitamin Bites Supplement for Dogs Chicken -- 90 Soft ChewsZesty PawsPet Supplies Lipase, Vitamin C, Biotin, Cellulase, Vitamin D3, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, sorbic acid, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zesty Paws 8-in-1 Multivitamin Bites Supplement for Dogs Peanut Butter -- 90 Soft ChewsZesty PawsPet Suppliescitric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, citric acid, Vitamin E, Docosahexaenoic Acid, Folic Acid, vitamin E, powdered cellulose, manganese, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zesty Paws Ancient Elements 8-in-1 Bites Multi-functional Supplement Dogs Bison -- 90 Soft ChewsZesty PawsPet Supplies Lipase, Biotin, Cellulase, Vitamin D3, Coenzyme Q10, Methylsulfonylmethane, Folic Acid, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zesty Paws Hemp Elements 8-in-1 Multivitamin Supplement for Dogs Chicken -- 90 Soft ChewsZesty PawsPet Supplies Lipase, citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Cellulase, Vitamin D3, citric acid, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, powdered cellulose, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B-12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zesty Paws Senior Advanced 11-in-1 Multivitamin Glucosamine Supplement for Dogs Chicken -- 90 Soft ChewsZesty PawsPet Supplieslipase, Vitamin C, Biotin, cellulase, Vitamin D3, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, methylsulfonylmethane, folic acid, vitamin E, powdered cellulose, Lutein, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, sorbic acid, vitamin B1, vitamin B12, vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zhou Daily Boost -- 30 Vegetarian CapsulesZhouVitamins & SupplementsPABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, cellulose, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K12024-11-29 10:47:42
Zhou Hairfluence® -- 60 Veggie CapsulesZhouVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
ZOA Zoa+ Pre-Workout Powder - Maximum Performance - NSF Certified For Sport Cherry Lime -- 25 ServingsZOAActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, acesulfame potassium, acesulfame potassium, Beta-Alanine, Betaine Anhydrous, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
ZOA Zoa+ Pre-Workout Powder - Maximum Performance - NSF Certified For Sport Fruit Punch -- 25 ServingsZOAActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Beta-Alanine, Betaine Anhydrous, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
ZOA Zoa+ Pre-Workout Powder - Maximum Performance - NSF Certified For Sport Wild Berry -- 25 ServingsZOAActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, acesulfame potassium, acesulfame potassium, Beta-Alanine, Betaine Anhydrous, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Zoup Chicken Bone Broth Chicken Potpie Soup -- 16 ozZoupFood & Beveragesfolic acid, niacin, riboflavin, spice2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zoup Savory Veggie Broth Portabella Mushroom Bisque -- 16 ozZoupFood & Beveragesfolic acid, niacin, riboflavin, spice2024-11-29 10:47:42

Roles (3)

RoleDescription
human metaboliteAny mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
nutrientA nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow.
mouse metaboliteAny mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
folic acidsA group of heterocyclic compounds based on the pteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid units.
N-acyl-amino acidA carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the amino group of an amino acid.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (13)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Metabolism14961108
Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors146155
Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors102114
Metabolism of folate and pterines1629
Folate metabolism ( Folate metabolism )2039
Folic acid network070
Folate biosynthesis08
Selenium micronutrient network095
Folate metabolism156
Trans-sulfuration, one-carbon metabolism and related pathways053
One-carbon metabolism and related pathways038
Ethanol effects on histone modifications017
Disorders of folate metabolism and transport1827

Protein Targets (38)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.48130.003245.467312,589.2998AID2517
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.004023.8416100.0000AID485290
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolaseGiardia intestinalisPotency39.81070.140911.194039.8107AID2451
Chain A, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.85410.025120.237639.8107AID893
Chain B, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.85410.025120.237639.8107AID893
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency17.55950.177814.390939.8107AID2147
Chain A, Ferritin light chainEquus caballus (horse)Potency12.58935.623417.292931.6228AID485281
acid sphingomyelinaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.118914.125424.061339.8107AID504937
glp-1 receptor, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.07950.01846.806014.1254AID624417
USP1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.031637.5844354.8130AID504865
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency27.30600.000714.592883.7951AID1259369
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.00210.000221.22318,912.5098AID743042
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.84890.011212.4002100.0000AID1030
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.94330.001318.074339.8107AID926
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency26.03850.000817.505159.3239AID1159527; AID1159531
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency68.58960.001530.607315,848.9004AID1224841; AID1224842
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.33480.000229.305416,493.5996AID743075; AID743079
glucocerebrosidaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.38720.01268.156944.6684AID2101
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.20700.023723.228263.5986AID743223; AID743241
alpha-galactosidaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.38724.466818.391635.4813AID1467
activating transcription factor 6Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.00060.143427.612159.8106AID1159516
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproproteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency50.11870.036619.637650.1187AID2100
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.48130.001815.663839.8107AID894
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency11.58210.00419.984825.9290AID504444
DNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency100.00000.022421.010289.1251AID485314
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.73060.002319.595674.0614AID651631
Alpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.98110.56239.398525.1189AID652106
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Bile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)1,000.00000.11007.190310.0000AID1443987; AID1449628
Thymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)290.00000.00662.06379.5000AID212156
Thymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)Ki40.00000.00010.34353.0000AID212457
Thymidylate synthaseMus musculus (house mouse)IC50 (µMol)590.00000.00041.322610.0000AID212636; AID213840
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)52.50000.00101.191310.0000AID1713572
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki14.10000.50003.30008.2000AID681604
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, Dihydrofolate reductaseEscherichia coliKd9.51009.51009.51009.5100AID977611
Dihydrofolate reductaseEscherichia coli K-12Kd3.33670.00001.24596.6000AID57251; AID57256; AID57262
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)Km170.00001.90004.27259.6900AID680355
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrialMus musculus (house mouse)Km234,000,000.00008.00008.00008.0000AID71200
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)Km104.60000.40004.53447.3000AID71218
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (275)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
prostaglandin secretionMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
cilium assemblyMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
platelet degranulationMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
urate transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid biosynthetic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stressBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compoundBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
protein ubiquitinationBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidationBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid signaling pathwayBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to estrogenBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cellBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
lipid homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bile acid secretionBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
autophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrestCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transductionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein localizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replicationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespanCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substanceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-rayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
viral processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signalingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomeraseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UVCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeabilityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiodCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibioticCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behaviorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell deathCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-CCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin DCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shuntCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
dTMP biosynthetic processThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
dTTP biosynthetic processThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
circadian rhythmThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substanceThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of translationThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
uracil metabolic processThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
methylationThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to progesteroneThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to vitamin AThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to cytokineThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
tetrahydrofolate interconversionThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to organophosphorusThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
developmental growthThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
cartilage developmentThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to glucocorticoidThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to folic acidThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
intestinal epithelial cell maturationThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
DNA biosynthetic processThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
liver regenerationThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
10-formyltetrahydrofolate biosynthetic processDihydrofolate reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
response to xenobiotic stimulusDihydrofolate reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
folic acid biosynthetic processDihydrofolate reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
one-carbon metabolic processDihydrofolate reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
response to methotrexateDihydrofolate reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
tetrahydrofolate biosynthetic processDihydrofolate reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
response to antibioticDihydrofolate reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
dihydrofolate metabolic processDihydrofolate reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
folic acid metabolic processDihydrofolate reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
retinoid metabolic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell maturationAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
renal water homeostasisAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate metabolic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin metabolic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of urine volumeAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
daunorubicin metabolic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
doxorubicin metabolic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
fructose biosynthetic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular hyperosmotic salinity responseAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
metanephric collecting duct developmentAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion homeostasisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
microglial cell activationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of receptor recyclingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein kinase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
neutral lipid metabolic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid metabolic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial membrane organizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
adult locomotory behaviorAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to iron(II) ionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of phospholipase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of glutamate secretionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine secretionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle exocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle primingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of transmembrane transporter activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of microtubule polymerizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
receptor internalizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein destabilizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to magnesium ionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transporter activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharideAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of monooxygenase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to type II interferonAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to oxidative stressAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
SNARE complex assemblyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of SNARE complex assemblyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of locomotionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine biosynthetic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transportAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of macrophage activationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of exocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of exocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle endocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle transportAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory responseAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of acyl-CoA biosynthetic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosolAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of serotonin uptakeAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of norepinephrine uptakeAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of norepinephrine uptakeAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
long-term synaptic potentiationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to interleukin-1Alpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to copper ionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to epinephrine stimulusAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
supramolecular fiber organizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinoneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glutathione peroxidase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic vesicle recyclingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to cell peripheryAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynapse assemblyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
amyloid fibril formationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synapse organizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
liver developmentFolylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
nucleobase-containing compound metabolic processFolylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
glutamate metabolic processFolylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic processFolylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
folic acid-containing compound metabolic processFolylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
animal organ regenerationFolylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
folic acid metabolic processFolylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate biosynthetic processFolylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (96)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
urate transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
purine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protease bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
p53 bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA regulatory element binding translation repressor activityThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
thymidylate synthase activityThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
folic acid bindingThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific mRNA bindingThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
dihydrofolate reductase activityDihydrofolate reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
protein bindingDihydrofolate reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
folic acid bindingDihydrofolate reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
oxidoreductase activityDihydrofolate reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
NADP bindingDihydrofolate reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
methotrexate bindingDihydrofolate reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
dihydrofolic acid bindingDihydrofolate reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
NADP+ bindingDihydrofolate reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
NADPH bindingDihydrofolate reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
retinal dehydrogenase activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
aldose reductase (NADPH) activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
electron transfer activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin H2 endoperoxidase reductase activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
glyceraldehyde oxidoreductase activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
allyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
L-glucuronate reductase activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
glycerol dehydrogenase [NADP+] activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase D inhibitor activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
SNARE bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
magnesium ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
actin bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase inhibitor activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
copper ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
calcium ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
ferrous iron bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
lipid bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
kinesin bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
Hsp70 protein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
histone bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
alpha-tubulin bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
tau protein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
phosphoprotein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
molecular adaptor activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
dynein complex bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cuprous ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate synthase activityFolylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingFolylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingFolylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (50)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
nucleolusMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
platelet dense granule membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
endosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculusBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular canaliculusBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replication forkCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
centrosomeCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
PML bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand breakCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatinCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial inner membraneThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrixThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolThymidylate synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolDihydrofolate reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
cytosolDihydrofolate reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
extracellular spaceAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)
platelet alpha granule membraneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
lysosomeAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cell cortexAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
actin cytoskeletonAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
membraneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
inclusion bodyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
axonAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
growth coneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle membraneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
postsynapseAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
supramolecular fiberAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
axon terminusAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial inner membraneFolylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrixFolylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolFolylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmFolylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionFolylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolFolylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (157)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1347097qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347161Confirmatory screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347425Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347108qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1508627Counterscreen qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: GLuc-NoTag assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347407qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347153Confirmatory screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347168HepG2 cells viability qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347102qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347167Vero cells viability qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1508628Confirmatory qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347424RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347103qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347149Furin counterscreen qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347104qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347169Tertiary RLuc qRT-PCR qHTS assay for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347105qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347106qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508629Cell Viability qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347100qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347152Confirmatory screen NINDS AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID588212Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1636357Drug activation in human Hep3B cells assessed as human CYP3A4-mediated drug metabolism-induced cytotoxicity measured as decrease in cell viability at 300 uM pre-incubated with BSO for 18 hrs followed by incubation with compound for 3 hrs in presence of NA2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
AID679486TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes1998FEBS letters, Nov-06, Volume: 438, Issue:3
Functional characterization of the rat multispecific organic anion transporter OAT1 mediating basolateral uptake of anionic drugs in the kidney.
AID99303Compound was tested for release of tritium from 1 uM [5-3H]-dUMP into water at a con of 0.4 mM and without addition of bovine thymidylate synthase to cell suspension in absence of CH2O1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-03, Volume: 35, Issue:7
Synthesis and biological activity of novel folic acid analogues: pteroyl-S-alkylhomocysteine sulfoximines.
AID1053335Photocytotoxicity against human KB cells overexpressing folate receptor assessed as cell viability incubated for 24 hrs followed by halogen light illumination measured after 20 mins by MTT assay2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-14, Volume: 56, Issue:21
Preparation and in vitro photodynamic activities of folate-conjugated distyryl boron dipyrromethene based photosensitizers.
AID625279Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID230430It is the ratio of apparent kinetic constant to that of relative maximum velocity1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9
Folate analogues. 35. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-deaza, 3-deaza, and bridge-elongated analogues of N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid.
AID625289Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID500670Inhibition of Escherichia coli K-12 recombinant His-tagged folylpoly-gamma-glutamate synthetase expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 at 200 uM LC-MS/MS method2008Nature chemical biology, Oct, Volume: 4, Issue:10
A domino effect in antifolate drug action in Escherichia coli.
AID678798TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake (vesicle) in membrane vesicle from ABCG2-R482-expressing HEK293 cells2003Cancer research, Jul-15, Volume: 63, Issue:14
Transport of methotrexate, methotrexate polyglutamates, and 17beta-estradiol 17-(beta-D-glucuronide) by ABCG2: effects of acquired mutations at R482 on methotrexate transport.
AID71492Catalytic rate folyl-poly-glutamate synthetase1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 32, Issue:7
Synthesis and antitumor activity of 5-deaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid and its N10-substituted analogues.
AID679488TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of PAH uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes1998FEBS letters, Nov-06, Volume: 438, Issue:3
Functional characterization of the rat multispecific organic anion transporter OAT1 mediating basolateral uptake of anionic drugs in the kidney.
AID625292Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID213840Inhibitory activity against thymidylate synthase in the intact L1210 cells1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 29, Issue:7
Folate analogues. 25. Synthesis and biological evaluation of N10-propargylfolic acid and its reduced derivatives.
AID71218Apparent kinetic constant of substrate activity for Hog liver Folyl-polyglutamate synthase1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9
Folate analogues. 35. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-deaza, 3-deaza, and bridge-elongated analogues of N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid.
AID412673Inhibition of Escherichia coli MurD assessed as residual activity at 500 uM2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 19, Issue:1
Synthesis and biological evaluation of new glutamic acid-based inhibitors of MurD ligase.
AID212457Inhibitory constant of thymidylate synthase was determined in human AML cells1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 30, Issue:4
Folate analogues as inhibitors of thymidylate synthase.
AID681897TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Taurocholate uptake in the presence of Folate at a concentration of 20uM in membrane vesicles from MRP4-expressing V79 cells2003Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), Aug, Volume: 38, Issue:2
Cotransport of reduced glutathione with bile salts by MRP4 (ABCC4) localized to the basolateral hepatocyte membrane.
AID588211Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID99304Compound was tested for release of tritium from 1 uM [5-3H]-dUMP into water at a con of 0.4 mM and without addition of bovine thymidylate synthase to cell suspension in absence of serine1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-03, Volume: 35, Issue:7
Synthesis and biological activity of novel folic acid analogues: pteroyl-S-alkylhomocysteine sulfoximines.
AID105505Compound was evaluated for inhibition of MTX influx into MOLT-4 cells1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9
Folate analogues. 35. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-deaza, 3-deaza, and bridge-elongated analogues of N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid.
AID230505Ratio of relative Vmax to that of Km values.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 34, Issue:1
Folic acid analogues lacking the 2-carbon are substrates for folylpolyglutamate synthetase and inhibit cell growth.
AID18069Apparent Km (Michaelis-Menten constant) of the compound.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 34, Issue:1
Folic acid analogues lacking the 2-carbon are substrates for folylpolyglutamate synthetase and inhibit cell growth.
AID1633880Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells in low folate medium assessed as reduction in metabolic activity at 1 to 150 uM incubated for 24 to 72 hrs by MTS assay2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 29, Issue:15
Folic acid conjugates of a bleomycin mimic for selective targeting of folate receptor positive cancer cells.
AID71229Relative maximum velocity of substrate activity for Hog liver Folyl-polyglutamate synthase (relative to control of 50 uM aminopterin)1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9
Folate analogues. 35. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-deaza, 3-deaza, and bridge-elongated analogues of N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid.
AID625281Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID57251Thermodynamic Dissociation Constant for compound-Phe31-dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) complex at pH 71988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 31, Issue:1
Evaluation of the importance of hydrophobic interactions in drug binding to dihydrofolate reductase.
AID43856Tested for the inhibition of [14C]-DDATHF influx in CCRF-CEM cells of human leukemic lymphoblast1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-08, Volume: 37, Issue:14
Synthesis and biological activity of N omega-hemiphthaloyl-alpha,omega- diaminoalkanoic acid analogues of aminopterin and 3',5-dichloroaminopterin.
AID101080Inhibitory activity against growth of L1210 leukemia cells in culture1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-03, Volume: 35, Issue:7
Synthesis and biological activity of novel folic acid analogues: pteroyl-S-alkylhomocysteine sulfoximines.
AID71205Activity (relative Vmax) was evaluated in vitro by purified mouse liver folate polyglutamate synthetase (FPGS). 1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 28, Issue:7
Synthesis of the antileukemic agents 5,10-dideazaaminopterin and 5,10-dideaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroaminopterin.
AID1474167Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring verified drug-induced liver injury concern status2016Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID681604TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of MTX uptake in OAT-K1-expressing MDCK cells2000The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Jun, Volume: 293, Issue:3
Trans-stimulation effects of folic acid derivatives on methotrexate transport by rat renal organic anion transporter, OAT-K1.
AID682068TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of MTX uptake (MTX: 0.026 uM, Folic acid: 100 uM) in OAT-K1-expressing LLC-PK1 cells1996The Journal of biological chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 271, Issue:34
Cloning and functional characterization of a novel rat organic anion transporter mediating basolateral uptake of methotrexate in the kidney.
AID101223Inhibitory activity against growth of L1210 leukemia cells in culture1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-03, Volume: 35, Issue:7
Synthesis and biological activity of novel folic acid analogues: pteroyl-S-alkylhomocysteine sulfoximines.
AID1164841Inhibition of [3H]folic acid binding to FRalpha (unknown origin) expressed in Chinese hamster RT16 cells2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 57, Issue:19
Structure-activity profiles of novel 6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine thienoyl antifolates with modified amino acids for cellular uptake by folate receptors α and β and the proton-coupled folate transporter.
AID22613Maximal elimination rate of metabolism for hog liver folyl-poly-glutamate synthetase was evaluated1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 32, Issue:7
Inhibition of mammalian folylpolyglutamate synthetase and human dihydrofolate reductase by 5,8-dideaza analogues of folic acid and aminopterin bearing a terminal L-ornithine.
AID625280Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID681603TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes1999Molecular pharmacology, Apr, Volume: 55, Issue:4
Cloning and functional characterization of a new multispecific organic anion transporter, OAT-K2, in rat kidney.
AID681346TP_TRANSPORTER: ATP-dependent uptake in membrane vesicle from MRP8-expressing LLC-PK1 cells2005Molecular pharmacology, Feb, Volume: 67, Issue:2
Transport of bile acids, sulfated steroids, estradiol 17-beta-D-glucuronide, and leukotriene C4 by human multidrug resistance protein 8 (ABCC11).
AID625288Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID101225Inhibitory activity against growth of L1210 leukemia cells in culture at 0.5 mM; No significant inhibition1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-03, Volume: 35, Issue:7
Synthesis and biological activity of novel folic acid analogues: pteroyl-S-alkylhomocysteine sulfoximines.
AID681024TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of PAH uptake (PAH: 20 uM, Folic acid: 1000 uM) in OAT-expressing COS-7 cells1999The Journal of biological chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 274, Issue:3
Heterologous expression and functional characterization of a mouse renal organic anion transporter in mammalian cells.
AID625285Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID386623Inhibition of 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium uptake at human OCT1 expressed in HEK293 cells at 100 uM by confocal microscopy2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 51, Issue:19
Structural requirements for drug inhibition of the liver specific human organic cation transport protein 1.
AID977599Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID625286Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625278FDA Liver Toxicity Knowledge Base Benchmark Dataset (LTKB-BD) drugs of no concern for DILI2011Drug discovery today, Aug, Volume: 16, Issue:15-16
FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury.
AID603957Octanol-water partition coefficient, log P of the compound2008European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 43, Issue:4
QSPR modeling of octanol/water partition coefficient for vitamins by optimal descriptors calculated with SMILES.
AID1164842Inhibition of [3H]folic acid binding to FRbeta (unknown origin) expressed in Chinese hamster D4 cells2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 57, Issue:19
Structure-activity profiles of novel 6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine thienoyl antifolates with modified amino acids for cellular uptake by folate receptors α and β and the proton-coupled folate transporter.
AID977602Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1449628Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in baculovirus transfected fall armyworm Sf21 cell membranes vesicles assessed as reduction in ATP-dependent [3H]-taurocholate transport into vesicles incubated for 5 mins by Topcount based rapid filtration method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 40, Issue:12
Mitigating the inhibition of human bile salt export pump by drugs: opportunities provided by physicochemical property modulation, in silico modeling, and structural modification.
AID1638523Binding affinity to [13C]-labeled DHFR DHFR (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) using hyperpolarized compound sample at 1.6 mM by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization and NMR spectroscopy2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-14, Volume: 62, Issue:5
Determination of Ligand Binding Epitope Structures Using Polarization Transfer from Hyperpolarized Ligands.
AID1713572Inhibition of recombinant human ALR2 using D,L-glyceraldehyde and NADPH as substrate preincubated for 3 mins followed by substrate addition and measured for 3 mins by spectrophotometric analysis2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-15, Volume: 26, Issue:20
Pterin-7-carboxamides as a new class of aldose reductase inhibitors.
AID1474166Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring severity class index2016Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID71200Activity (apparent Km ) was evaluated in vitro by purified mouse liver folate polyglutamate synthetase (FPGS). 1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 28, Issue:7
Synthesis of the antileukemic agents 5,10-dideazaaminopterin and 5,10-dideaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroaminopterin.
AID1636356Drug activation in human Hep3B cells assessed as human CYP2C9-mediated drug metabolism-induced cytotoxicity measured as decrease in cell viability at 300 uM pre-incubated with BSO for 18 hrs followed by incubation with compound for 3 hrs in presence of NA2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
AID212156Ability to inhibit thymidylate synthase derived from human leukemia K562 cells1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 30, Issue:4
Folate analogues as inhibitors of thymidylate synthase.
AID679299TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in membrane vesicles from MRP3-expressing HEK293 cells2001Cancer research, Oct-01, Volume: 61, Issue:19
Transport of methotrexate (MTX) and folates by multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 3 and MRP1: effect of polyglutamylation on MTX transport.
AID680355TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in membrane vesicles from MRP4-expressing Sf9 cells2002Cancer research, Jun-01, Volume: 62, Issue:11
Analysis of methotrexate and folate transport by multidrug resistance protein 4 (ABCC4): MRP4 is a component of the methotrexate efflux system.
AID71201Activity (relative Km ) was evaluated in vitro by purified mouse liver folate polyglutamate synthetase (FPGS). 1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 28, Issue:7
Synthesis of the antileukemic agents 5,10-dideazaaminopterin and 5,10-dideaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroaminopterin.
AID71385Apparent catalytic rate folyl-poly-glutamate synthetase1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 32, Issue:7
Synthesis and antitumor activity of 5-deaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid and its N10-substituted analogues.
AID1633863Induction of ROS generation in human KB cells at 30 uM incubated for 72 hrs by APF probe-based flow cytometer analysis relative to control2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 29, Issue:15
Folic acid conjugates of a bleomycin mimic for selective targeting of folate receptor positive cancer cells.
AID1443995Hepatotoxicity in human assessed as drug-induced liver injury2014Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), Sep, Volume: 60, Issue:3
Human drug-induced liver injury severity is highly associated with dual inhibition of liver mitochondrial function and bile salt export pump.
AID1633879Cytotoxicity against human KB cells in low folate medium assessed as reduction in metabolic activity at 1 to 150 uM incubated for 24 to 72 hrs by MTS assay2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 29, Issue:15
Folic acid conjugates of a bleomycin mimic for selective targeting of folate receptor positive cancer cells.
AID1633874Displacement of folate-FITC from folate receptor in human KB cells at 25 to 1000 pmol incubated for 10 mins by FITC staining-based FACS analysis2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 29, Issue:15
Folic acid conjugates of a bleomycin mimic for selective targeting of folate receptor positive cancer cells.
AID625290Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID231680Ratio between Ki values of CCRF-CEM and CEM/MTX1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-08, Volume: 37, Issue:14
Synthesis and biological activity of N omega-hemiphthaloyl-alpha,omega- diaminoalkanoic acid analogues of aminopterin and 3',5-dichloroaminopterin.
AID625284Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1053445Displacement of [3H]-folic acid from human folate receptor-alpha expressed in Chinese hamster RT16 cells after 15 mins2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-14, Volume: 56, Issue:21
Tumor-targeting with novel non-benzoyl 6-substituted straight chain pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine antifolates via cellular uptake by folate receptor α and inhibition of de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis.
AID1053444Displacement of [3H]-folic acid from human folate receptor-beta expressed in Chinese hamster D4 cells after 15 mins2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-14, Volume: 56, Issue:21
Tumor-targeting with novel non-benzoyl 6-substituted straight chain pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine antifolates via cellular uptake by folate receptor α and inhibition of de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis.
AID57256Thermodynamic Dissociation Constant for compound-Tyr31-dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) complex at pH 71988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 31, Issue:1
Evaluation of the importance of hydrophobic interactions in drug binding to dihydrofolate reductase.
AID1146785Induction of Streptococcus faecalis growth1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3
P-Aminobenzoic acid derivatives. Mode of action and structure-activity relationships in a cell-free system (Escherichia coli).
AID588220Literature-mined public compounds from Kruhlak et al phospholipidosis modelling dataset2008Toxicology mechanisms and methods, , Volume: 18, Issue:2-3
Development of a phospholipidosis database and predictive quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models.
AID99305Compound was tested for release of tritium from 1 uM [5-3H]-dUMP into water at a conc of 0.4 mM enzyme(bovine thymidylate synthase) was added to cell suspension in presence of CH2O1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-03, Volume: 35, Issue:7
Synthesis and biological activity of novel folic acid analogues: pteroyl-S-alkylhomocysteine sulfoximines.
AID588210Human drug-induced liver injury (DILI) modelling dataset from Ekins et al2010Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 38, Issue:12
A predictive ligand-based Bayesian model for human drug-induced liver injury.
AID238138Dissociation constant against folic acid receptor (FAR); Value ranges from 0.1-1 nM2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-02, Volume: 48, Issue:11
Targeting and inhibition of cell growth by an engineered dendritic nanodevice.
AID18279Maximum rate of metabolism for hog liver folyl-poly-glutamate synthetase was evaluated1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 32, Issue:7
Inhibition of mammalian folylpolyglutamate synthetase and human dihydrofolate reductase by 5,8-dideaza analogues of folic acid and aminopterin bearing a terminal L-ornithine.
AID1613376Binding affinity to folate receptor in human KB cells after 1 hr in presence of [3H]-FA by scintillation counting assay relative to control2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163Small molecule-drug conjugates: A novel strategy for cancer-targeted treatment.
AID1443987Inhibition of recombinant human BSEP expressed in baculovirus infected sf21 cell membrane vesicles assessed as reduction in ATP-dependent [3H]-taurocholate uptake in to vesicles after 5 mins by TopCount method2014Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), Sep, Volume: 60, Issue:3
Human drug-induced liver injury severity is highly associated with dual inhibition of liver mitochondrial function and bile salt export pump.
AID71494First order catalytic rate folyl-poly-glutamate synthetase1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 32, Issue:7
Synthesis and antitumor activity of 5-deaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid and its N10-substituted analogues.
AID625287Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625291Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID212636Inhibitory activity against the thymidylate synthase in the Permeabilized L1210 cells1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 29, Issue:7
Folate analogues. 25. Synthesis and biological evaluation of N10-propargylfolic acid and its reduced derivatives.
AID625282Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID99306Compound was tested for release of tritium from 1 uM [5-3H]-dUMP into water at a conc of 0.4 mM enzyme(bovine thymidylate synthase) was added to cell suspension in presence of serine1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-03, Volume: 35, Issue:7
Synthesis and biological activity of novel folic acid analogues: pteroyl-S-alkylhomocysteine sulfoximines.
AID1443992Total Cmax in human administered as single dose2014Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), Sep, Volume: 60, Issue:3
Human drug-induced liver injury severity is highly associated with dual inhibition of liver mitochondrial function and bile salt export pump.
AID1633881Cytotoxicity against human IGROV1 cells in low folate medium assessed as reduction in metabolic activity at 1 to 150 uM incubated for 24 to 72 hrs by MTS assay2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 29, Issue:15
Folic acid conjugates of a bleomycin mimic for selective targeting of folate receptor positive cancer cells.
AID588209Literature-mined public compounds from Greene et al multi-species hepatotoxicity modelling dataset2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jul-19, Volume: 23, Issue:7
Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity.
AID625283Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID588213Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID23337Relative maximum volume distribution of the compound.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 34, Issue:1
Folic acid analogues lacking the 2-carbon are substrates for folylpolyglutamate synthetase and inhibit cell growth.
AID46774Tested for inhibition of [14C]-DDATHF influx in CEM/MTX cells of human leukemic lymphoblasts1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-08, Volume: 37, Issue:14
Synthesis and biological activity of N omega-hemiphthaloyl-alpha,omega- diaminoalkanoic acid analogues of aminopterin and 3',5-dichloroaminopterin.
AID252410Concentration required to completely block the uptake of either G5-FI-FA or G5-FI-FA-MTX dendrimer (30 nM) in FAR expressing KB cells2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-02, Volume: 48, Issue:11
Targeting and inhibition of cell growth by an engineered dendritic nanodevice.
AID1443991Induction of mitochondrial dysfunction in Sprague-Dawley rat liver mitochondria assessed as inhibition of mitochondrial respiration per mg mitochondrial protein measured for 20 mins by A65N-1 oxygen probe based fluorescence assay2014Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), Sep, Volume: 60, Issue:3
Human drug-induced liver injury severity is highly associated with dual inhibition of liver mitochondrial function and bile salt export pump.
AID1636440Drug activation in human Hep3B cells assessed as human CYP2D6-mediated drug metabolism-induced cytotoxicity measured as decrease in cell viability at 300 uM pre-incubated with BSO for 18 hrs followed by incubation with compound for 3 hrs in presence of NA2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
AID57262Thermodynamic Dissociation Constant for compound-Val31-dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) complex at pH 71988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 31, Issue:1
Evaluation of the importance of hydrophobic interactions in drug binding to dihydrofolate reductase.
AID681915TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of MTX uptake (MTX: 20 uM, Folic acid: 300 uM) in membrane vesicles from MRP4-expressing Sf9 cells2002Cancer research, Jun-01, Volume: 62, Issue:11
Analysis of methotrexate and folate transport by multidrug resistance protein 4 (ABCC4): MRP4 is a component of the methotrexate efflux system.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1811Experimentally measured binding affinity data derived from PDB2006The Journal of biological chemistry, May-12, Volume: 281, Issue:19
Evolutional design of a hyperactive cysteine- and methionine-free mutant of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase.
AID977611Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2006The Journal of biological chemistry, May-12, Volume: 281, Issue:19
Evolutional design of a hyperactive cysteine- and methionine-free mutant of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase.
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID588519A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities2011Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3
High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID540299A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21
Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1159550Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening2015Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11
6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (28,545)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19908739 (30.61)18.7374
1990's2630 (9.21)18.2507
2000's6251 (21.90)29.6817
2010's7995 (28.01)24.3611
2020's2930 (10.26)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials1,945 (6.48%)5.53%
Reviews3,194 (10.65%)6.00%
Case Studies735 (2.45%)4.05%
Observational116 (0.39%)0.25%
Other24,011 (80.03%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (566)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Effect of Preconceptional Sildenafil Citrate Treatment in Women With Early Unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03766594]Phase 190 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-01-01Completed
Hydroxychloroquine for Improvement of Pregnancy Outcome in Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriage [NCT04228263]156 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-01-01Completed
A Phase II/III Study of N-803 (ALT-803) Plus Pembrolizumab Versus Standard of Care in Participants With Stage IV or Recurrent Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Previously Treated With Anti-PD-1 or Anti-PD-L1 Therapy (Lung-MAP Non-Match Sub-Study) [NCT05096663]Phase 2/Phase 382 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-03-15Active, not recruiting
Malaria Risk Prior to and During Early Pregnancy in Nulliparous Women Receiving Long-term Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS): a Non-inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01210040]1,959 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-04-30Completed
Prevent and Treat Double-Blind Factorial Randomized Trials of Daily Oral Vitamin D, Omega 3, and Combination Vitamins B, C and Zinc Supplementation for the Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19 [NCT04828538]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-01-01Withdrawn(stopped due to Recruitment failure)
Multicentre Randomised Double-blind, Placebo-controlled 2x2 Factorial Trial Investigating the Effects of Adding Mirtazapine and Folic Acid to Existing Therapy for Patients With Schizophrenia [NCT01263080]Phase 4333 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-11-30Completed
Evaluating the Efficacy of Weekly Folic Acid in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients on Methotrexate [NCT03860012]Phase 4100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-09-11Recruiting
Folic Acid Clinical Trial (FACT): Biomarker Subgroup Analysis [NCT03981029]51 participants (Actual)Observational2011-12-19Completed
A Randomized Phase II Study of Perioperative Atezolizumab +/- Chemotherapy in Resectable MSI-H/dMMR Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction (GEJ) Cancer [NCT05836584]Phase 2240 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-06-08Recruiting
Randomized Trial of Standard Chemotherapy Alone or Combined With Atezolizumab as Adjuvant Therapy for Patients With Stage III Colon Cancer and Deficient DNA Mismatch Repair [NCT02912559]Phase 3700 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-10-16Active, not recruiting
Randomized Phase II Study of 2nd Line FOLFIRI Versus Modified FOLFIRI With PARP Inhibitor ABT-888 (Veliparib) (NSC-737664) in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer [NCT02890355]Phase 2123 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-09-01Active, not recruiting
A Phase I Study of Riluzole in Combination With mFOLFOX6/Bevacizumab in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer [NCT04761614]Phase 113 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-04-02Active, not recruiting
Scaling-up High-impact Micronutrient Supplementation Interventions to Improve Adolescents' Nutrition and Health in Burkina Faso [NCT04657640]Phase 32,100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-12-11Active, not recruiting
Comparison of Acetyl- L- Carnitine and Folic Acid Versus Coenzyme Q10 and Folic Acid on Semen and Hormonal Parameters and Semen Oxidative Status in Patients of Primary Infertility. A Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT05616000]Phase 286 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-08-06Completed
Pembrolizumab Plus Bevacizumab and Chemotherapy as First-Line Treatment for Advanced or Metastatic Non-Squamous NSCLC Patients With EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutation: An Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase II Trial [NCT05751187]Phase 254 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-06-27Recruiting
ESSAI DE PHASE III RANDOMISE EVALUANT LE FOLFOX AVEC OU SANS DOCETAXEL (TFOX) EN 1ère LIGNE DE CHIMIOTHERAPIE DES ADENOCARCINOMES OESO-GASTRIQUES LOCALEMENT AVANCES OU METASTATIQUES [NCT03006432]Phase 3507 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-12-19Active, not recruiting
Multicenter Clinical Study, Phase III, Randomized, Double-blind, of Prospectively Evaluate the Effectiveness and Tolerability of Apevitin BC Comparing to Vitamin Complex in Appetite Stimulation [NCT01283646]Phase 351 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-10-31Completed
Trial of Pre-Pregnancy Supplements [NCT01183572]802 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Completed
The Potential Effects of Inofolic Plus on Abnormal Ovarian Reserve Parameters in Subfertile Women [NCT01290432]15 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-02-28Completed
Study on the Role of a Combination of Nutraceuticals (Armolipid Prev) With an Effect on Blood Pressure and Lipids in the Control of Cardiovascular Risk [NCT01293162]150 participants (Actual)Observational2010-09-30Completed
The Effect of High Dose Folic Acid Versus Placebo on the Rate of Gestational Diabetes or Gestational Hypertension in Pregnant Women: a Randomized Controlled Trial. [NCT01302756]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-04-30Withdrawn
Phase II Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Second-line FOLFIRI + Panitumumab in Subjects With Wild Type RAS Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Who Have Received FOLFOX + Panitumumab in First-line [NCT03751176]Phase 231 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-11-08Active, not recruiting
Phase II Study of the Combination of Low-Intensity Chemotherapy and Blinatumomab in Patients With Philadelphia Chromosome Negative Relapsed/Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) [NCT03518112]Phase 26 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-04-18Terminated(stopped due to Due to Competing Studies)
Nutrition, Arsenic and Cognitive Function in Children [NCT03384862]239 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-01-27Completed
Effects of Intensive Antihypertensive Therapies on the Risk of Stroke in Hypertensive Adults: A Prospective Randomized Open-Label Blinded-Endpoint Trial, a Feasibility Study [NCT02817503]Phase 4100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-12-31Enrolling by invitation
Role of Methotrexate in Improving Physical Function in Older Adults With Elevated Levels of Inflammation [NCT02079948]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-02-28Withdrawn(stopped due to Potential participants had concerns about taking the study drug (methotrexate).)
Folic Acid and B Vitamins for Secondary Prevention of Stroke : A Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01317849]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-07-31Withdrawn(stopped due to financial assistance financial assistance financial assistance financial assistance financial assistance without financial assistance)
Phase II, Multicentric Randomized Trial, Evaluating the Efficacy of Fluoropyrimidine-based Standard Chemotherapy, Associated to Either Cetuximab or Bevacizumab, in KRAS Wild-type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients With Progressive Disease After Receivi [NCT01442649]Phase 2133 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-12-31Completed
Comparison of Sulfasalazine Versus Leflunomide Based Combination Disease Modifying Anti-rheumatic Drug Therapy (DMARD) in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Failing Methotrexate Monotherapy : A Randomized Control Trial [NCT02930343]Phase 3136 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-09-30Terminated(stopped due to Due to time constraints, the study was halted prematurely)
A Multi-center, Single Arm, Safety and Efficacy Study of Pralatrexate With Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Supplementation in Subjects With Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma [NCT03349333]Phase 385 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-09-10Completed
A Multicenter, Efficacy and Safety Study of Methotrexate to Increase Response Rates in Patients With Uncontrolled Gout Receiving KRYSTEXXA® (Pegloticase) (MIRROR Open-Label [OL]) [NCT03635957]Phase 414 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-09-26Completed
On the Impact of Therapeutic Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Inhibition on Anogenital Human Papillomavirus Infection [NCT02376478]222 participants (Actual)Observational2009-12-31Completed
Phase 2 Study of Hepatic Arterial Infusion With Oxaliplatin, Folinic Acid and 5 Fluorouracil Alone or in Combination With Intravenous Chemotherapy in Heavily Pre-Treated Patients With Liver-Predominant Metastasis From Colorectal Cancer [NCT02345746]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-12-31Withdrawn(stopped due to patient population)
Adding Prednisolone During Ovulation Induction With Clomiphene Citrate in Lean Women With Clomiphene Citrate Resistant Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome [NCT02344888]Phase 4300 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-02-28Recruiting
A Phase II Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of FOLFIRI + Panitumumab as First-line Treatment in Elderly Patients With RAS/BRAF Wild-type Unresectable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and Good Performance Status [NCT03142516]Phase 220 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-10-31Completed
Pilot Study for the Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Natural Versus Synthetic Vitamin B Complexes in Humans. [NCT03444155]30 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-05-08Completed
A Phase III, Randomized, Two-armed, Double-blind, Parallel, Active Controlled Clinical Trial to Determine the Non-inferior Efficacy and Safety of CinnoRA® (Adalimumab, CinnaGen Co.) Versus Humira® for Treatment of Active RA [NCT03172325]Phase 3136 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-11-18Completed
A Cluster-randomized, Non-inferiority Open-label Trial of the Impact of Supplementation Regimen on Consumption of Prenatal Calcium and Iron/Folic Acid Supplements and Adherence to Related Recommendations [NCT02238704]1,032 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-09-30Completed
Novel Strategies in Weight Loss in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: do Changes in the Gut Microbiome Play a Role? [NCT03642600]Phase 421 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-02-28Completed
A Multi-centre Randomised Double Blind Placebo Controlled Study Comparing Two Regimens of Combination Therapy in Early DMARD Naive Rheumatoid Arthritis. [NCT01308255]Phase 4112 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-09-30Completed
Sequential Use of Nab-paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine and mFOLFIRINOX as Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: A Randomized Control Study [NCT03750669]Phase 2416 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-10-20Recruiting
Avelumab Added to FOLFIRI Plus Cetuximab Followed by Avelumab Maintenance in Patients With Previously Untreated RAS Wild-type Colorectal Cancer. The Phase II FIRE-6 Study [NCT05217069]Phase 257 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-09-27Active, not recruiting
A Phase 2, Single-Arm, Open-Label, Multicenter, Study of Folotyn® (Pralatrexate Injection) in Combination With Oral Leucovorin to Prevent or Reduce Mucositis in Patients With Hematological Malignancies Including PTCL and CTCL [NCT02106650]Phase 236 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-07-31Completed
A Phase 2 Study of Blinatumomab (NSC# 765986) in Combination With Nivolumab (NSC # 748726), a Checkpoint Inhibitor of PD-1, in B-ALL Patients Aged >/= 1 to < 31 Years Old With First Relapse [NCT04546399]Phase 2550 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-12-04Suspended(stopped due to Other - FDA Partial Clinical Hold)
Randomised, Multicentre, Phase II Pilot Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Treatment With FOLFIRI-aflibercept Compared to Initial Treatment With FOLFIRI-aflibercept (for 6 Cycles) Followed by Maintenance With 5FU-aflibercept, in an Elderly Populat [NCT03279289]Phase 2170 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-10-25Completed
A Two-Cohort Randomized Phase II, Double-Blind, Parallel Group Study in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of GDC-0853 Compared With Placebo and Adalimumab in Patients With an Inadequate Response to Previous Metho [NCT02833350]Phase 2578 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-09-09Completed
Phase I Trial of FOLFIRI in Combination With Sorafenib and Bevacizumab in Patients With Advanced Gastrointestinal Malignancies [NCT01383343]Phase 117 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-08-31Completed
The Effects of a 3-months Dietary Intervention With Folate Enhanced Foods on Folate Status in Healthy Egyptian Women [NCT02373033]57 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-03-31Completed
Effects of Combined Therapy With Myo-inositol and Alpha-Lipoic Acid on Clinical, Endocrine and Metabolic Features in Women Affected by Polycystic Ovary Syndrome [NCT02651636]40 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-06-30Completed
A Phase III Clinical Trial Comparing Infusional 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), Leucovorin, and Oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6) Every Two Weeks With Bevacizumab to the Same Regimen Without Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Patients With Resected Stages II and III Carcinoma [NCT00096278]Phase 32,710 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-09-15Completed
Effects of Armolipid Plus on Indices of Insulin Resistance in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome [NCT01087632]66 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-09-30Completed
Relative Bioavailability of Folic Acid and L-5-Methlytetrahydrofolate [NCT01584050]150 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-05-31Completed
A Phase 1 Study of Alisertib (MLN8237) in Combination With mFOLFOX in Gastrointestinal Tumors [NCT02319018]Phase 114 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-08-27Completed
Phase II Study of Combination of Hyper-CVAD and Dasatinib (NSC-732517) With or Without Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant in Patients With Philadelphia (Ph) Chromosome Positive and/or BCR-ABL Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) (A BMT Study) [NCT00792948]Phase 297 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-09-01Active, not recruiting
Randomized Phase 2 Study Comparing Second Look Laparoscopy to Standard Follow up in Patients With no Radiologic Evidence of Disease at 6 Months After Complete Resection of Colorectal Mucinous Carcinoma [NCT01628211]Phase 2140 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-04-30Recruiting
A Phase II, Multi-center, Randomized, Parallel Group, Double-blind, MTX Controlled Study to Assess the Clinical Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of CH-4051 in Patients With Active RA Who Have Shown an Inadequate Response to MTX Monotherapy [NCT01116141]Phase 2250 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-09-30Completed
Effect of Polyvitaminics (Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Folic Acid and Cyanocobalamin) in the Concentration of Homocysteine and Lipid Profile in Postmenopausal Women: a Randomized Controlled, Double-blind Clinical Trial [NCT03221816]Phase 460 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-12-31Completed
Effect of Methotrexate Carried by a Lipid Nanoemulsion on Left Ventricular Remodeling After ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction [NCT03516903]Phase 2/Phase 335 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-04-17Terminated(stopped due to Due to the COVID-19 pandemic. With a second wave just beginning, and considering that we are testing an immunosuppressant in patients with high risk for COVID-19 complications, we would not be able to re-start recruitment safely in the near future.)
Effect of Adding Folic Acid on Lipid Parameters in Population With Dyslipidemias [NCT03674333]68 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-09-24Not yet recruiting
A Phase II Study of Dasatinib (Sprycel®) (NSC #732517) as Primary Therapy Followed by Transplantation for Adults >/= 18 Years With Newly Diagnosed Ph+ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by CALGB, ECOG and SWOG [NCT01256398]Phase 266 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-12-14Completed
Improved Effects of Myo-inositol in Association With Alpha-lactalbumin in PCOS Women [NCT03422289]37 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-11-02Completed
Folic Acid and Intensive Antihypertensive Therapy for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Events Prevention Among Patients With Hypertension and Cerebral Small Vascular Diseases (FAITH)----A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled, Open-label, 2x2 Factorial, B [NCT05169021]Phase 415,000 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-12-31Not yet recruiting
A Randomized Controlled Study of the Efficacy of Hepatic Arterial Perfusion Chemotherapy Concurrently Compared to Sequentially Combined With Targeted and Immunotherapy in Potentially Resectable Intermediate and Advanced HCC [NCT06041477]Phase 3540 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-09-30Recruiting
A Randomize Controlled Trial of Folic Acid, Calcium and Vitamin D in Preventing Colorectal Polyps and Colorectal Cancer [NCT02066688]Phase 2/Phase 32,400 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-01-31Recruiting
Use of Myo-inositol as Adjuvant Therapy in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Vitro Fertilization (IVF) [NCT02221154]Phase 449 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-11-30Terminated(stopped due to Difficulty recruiting)
A Comparative Study of Myo Inositol and Metformin in Improving Biochemical and Clinical Profile of Patients With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome; a Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT04204044]Early Phase 1126 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-11-01Not yet recruiting
A Randomized, Open-label Phase 2 Study of EC145 Single-agent and the Combination of EC145 Plus Docetaxel Versus Docetaxel Alone in Participants With Folate-receptor Positive [FR(++)] Second Line NSCLC [NCT01577654]Phase 2203 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-03-31Completed
A Phase II Trial to Assess the Safety, Immunological Activity of TroVax® Plus Pemetrexed/Cisplatin in Patients With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma [NCT01569919]Phase 226 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-12-31Recruiting
A Study on the Effectiveness of IFA Supplementation, Deworming, and Nutrition Education in Addressing Anemia Among Adolescent Girls in Two Counties in Liberia [NCT05073562]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-10-31Withdrawn(stopped due to Change in funding availability)
The Potential Nephro-protective Effect of Folic Acid and/or Pentoxifylline on Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease [NCT05284656]Phase 380 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-01-08Enrolling by invitation
Folic Acid Supplementation in Pregnant Women: Dose Response [NCT02124642]51 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-05-31Completed
A Randomized Withdrawal Double-blind Study of Etanercept Monotherapy Compared to Methotrexate Monotherapy for Maintenance of Remission in Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis [NCT02373813]Phase 3371 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-02-20Completed
Effect of Energy Dense Biscuits in Under Nourished Pregnant Women on Birth Weight of Their Newborns in a Low Income Peri-urban Setting of Karachi; a Community Based Randomized Interventional Study [NCT02294240]224 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-09-30Active, not recruiting
Optimizing Periconceptional and Prenatal Folic Acid Supplementation [NCT02300948]Phase 483 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-12-31Completed
A Phase III Multicenter Open-label Randomized Trial to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Folfirinox (FFX) Versus Combination of CPI-613 With Modified Folfirinox (mFFX) in Patients With Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas [NCT03504423]Phase 3528 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-11-09Completed
To Observe the Pathological Remission Rate and Safety of FOLFOXIRI for Neoadjuvant Treatment of High-risk Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer With a Single-arm, Open, Prospective Phase II Exploratory Clinical Study [NCT05018182]Phase 269 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-08-02Recruiting
Impact of Iron/Folic Acid Versus Folic Acid Supplements During Pregnancy on Maternal and Children's Health: A Randomized Controlled Trial in China [NCT02221752]2,367 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-30Completed
The Effect of Orally Administered Iron-saturated Lactoferrin on Systemic Iron Homeostasis in Pregnant Women Suffering From Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anaemia [NCT03481790]Phase 2200 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-09-01Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial on the Homocysteine-Lowering Effects of Different Doses of Folic Acid Among Patients With Hypertension According to Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase C677T Genotypes [NCT03472508]Phase 43,600 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-03-20Recruiting
Emacrit Plus in Prosthetic Hip and Knee Surgery [NCT04880499]60 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-04-21Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Effect of Folic Acid Supplementation in Pregnant Women Having Thalassaemia Trait [NCT04310059]270 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-07-01Not yet recruiting
Short-course Radiotherapy Versus Chemoradiotherapy, Followed by Consolidation Chemotherapy, and Selective Organ Preservation for MRI-defined Intermediate and High-risk Rectal Cancer Patients [NCT04246684]Phase 3702 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-10-15Active, not recruiting
Efficacy and Safety of Folic Acid Supplementation Lowering Arsenic in a Chronic, Low-level Exposed Arsenic Population: a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial. [NCT02235948]Phase 2450 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-07-31Active, not recruiting
Different Effects of Inositol Stereoisomers on Insulin Sensitivity in Women With Gestational Diabetes [NCT02097069]80 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-04-30Not yet recruiting
Involvement of Reticulum Endoplasmic Stress in the Physiopathology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Possible Therapeutic Implications of Insulin Sensitizers. [NCT02302326]50 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-01-31Completed
Blood Folate and Homocysteine Levels Following Administration of Folic Acid According to Different Daily Dosing Schedules:a Simulation of Food Fortification [NCT00207558]1,100 participants InterventionalCompleted
Effect of Metformin With or Without Folate Addiction on Uterine Blood Flow and Trophoblastic Invasion in Pregnant Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome [NCT01115140]Phase 450 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-03-31Completed
Effects of Vitamin Supplementation and Strength Training in Parkinson's Disease [NCT01238926]40 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-05-31Active, not recruiting
A Phase II, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of MEGF0444A Dosed to Progression in Combination With Bevacizumab and FOLFOX in Patients With Previously Untreated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer [NCT01399684]Phase 2127 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-11-30Completed
Open, Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Phase III Study Comparing 5FU/ FA Plus Irinotecan Plus Cetuximab Versus 5FU/FA Plus Irinotecan as First-line Treatment for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-expressing Metastatic Colorectal Cancer [NCT00154102]Phase 31,221 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-05-31Completed
Effect of Mild Increase in Folic Acid Intake on the Distribution of Folate Forms in Relation to a Common Polymorphism in One Folate Catabolising Enzyme [NCT01105351]75 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-06-30Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study Evaluating Combination of TST001, Nivolumab and Chemotherapy as First-Line Treatment in Subjects With Claudin18.2 Positive Locally Advanced or Metastatic Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction (G [NCT06093425]Phase 3950 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-10-31Not yet recruiting
A Phase III Randomized Trial Investigating Bortezomib (NSC# 681239) on a Modified Augmented BFM (ABFM) Backbone in Newly Diagnosed T-Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) and T-Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (T-LLy) [NCT02112916]Phase 3847 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-10-04Active, not recruiting
International Phase 3 Trial in Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Ph+ALL) Testing Imatinib in Combination With Two Different Cytotoxic Chemotherapy Backbones [NCT03007147]Phase 3475 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-08-08Recruiting
A Phase 2 Study of Inotuzumab Ozogamicin (NSC# 772518) in Children and Young Adults With Relapsed or Refractory CD22+ B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL) [NCT02981628]Phase 280 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-06-19Active, not recruiting
Risk-Stratified Randomized Phase III Testing of Blinatumomab (NSC#765986) in First Relapse of Childhood B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL) [NCT02101853]Phase 3669 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-12-17Active, not recruiting
Intensified Methotrexate, Nelarabine (Compound 506U78) and Augmented BFM Therapy for Children and Young Adults With Newly Diagnosed T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) or T-cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma [NCT00408005]Phase 31,895 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-01-22Active, not recruiting
Effects Intravenous Iron and Oral Iron Therapy on Erythropoietin Dose in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: An Open-label, Randomized, Controlled Study [NCT04464850]Phase 3124 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-07-29Recruiting
Efficacy Study of Folic Acid Supplementation on Homocysteine Levels in Adolescent Epileptics Taking Antiepileptic Drugs: A Single Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT02318446]Phase 336 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-03-31Not yet recruiting
Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of High Dose of Folic Acid to Prevent the Occurrence of Congenital Malformations [NCT01244347]Phase 35,000 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-07-31Active, not recruiting
Effect of Preoperative Vitamin B12 on Post Operative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients Undergoing Non-cardiac Surgery: A Multi-Center, Prospective, Randomized, Double-blinded, Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT03485404]40 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-01-10Terminated(stopped due to Due to slow recruiment. Only 40 patients were recruited in four years.)
High Risk B-Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) [NCT00075725]Phase 33,154 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-12-29Completed
[NCT01160419]Phase 249 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-12-31Active, not recruiting
Dietary Supply of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and 5-methyl-tetrahydro-folate (MTHF) During the Second Half of Pregnancy and Early Infancy [NCT01180933]315 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-11-30Completed
An Evaluation of Folic Acid to Improve Endothelial Sensitivity to Shear Stress in Post-menopausal Women. [NCT04016090]40 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-05-16Recruiting
Mitochondrial Cofactors for the Treatment of Hyperbilirubinemia Due to PEG-Asparaginase and or Inotuzumab Ozogamicin in Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) [NCT03564678]Phase 278 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-05-17Recruiting
A Phase 1, Open-label, Dose-finding Study of Pralatrexate Plus Systemic Bexarotene in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma [NCT01134341]Phase 134 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-03-31Completed
South African Paediatric Surgical Outcomes Study-2 (SAPSOS-2). A South African Multi-centre Pilot Trial to Assess the Feasibility and Clinical Efficacy of Preoperative Oral Iron to Treat Preoperative Iron-deficiency Anaemia in Children Undergoing Elective [NCT05681871]Phase 2/Phase 3420 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-01-16Not yet recruiting
Pretreatment With Myo-inositol in Hyperandrogenic PCOS Patients Undergoing ART: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03767569]Phase 3134 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-09-01Recruiting
Myoinositol Supplementation, Insulin Resistance and Fetal Sonographic Parameters in Gestational Diabetes, Diet Treated: a Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study [NCT03763669]120 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-11-14Completed
Managing Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19 : A Randomized Controlled Trial at the Lebanese American University Medical Center- Rizk Hospital [NCT04631536]Phase 342 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-01-10Active, not recruiting
Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Capsul on Hemoglobin Levels in Anemia: A Pilot Study [NCT05737862]Phase 360 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-04-01Completed
The Effect of Encapsulation Material and Encapsulated Micronutrients on Iron Absorption in Iron Depleted Women Consuming Iron Fortified Bread. [NCT03332602]24 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-04-04Completed
[NCT01560065]Phase 40 participants InterventionalCompleted
A Phase 1b/2 Study to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Activity of Oleclumab (MEDI9447) With or Without Durvalumab in Combination With Chemotherapy in Subjects With Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma [NCT03611556]Phase 1/Phase 2213 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-06-21Completed
Effect of Folic Acid on Motor Aspects of Daily Living and Oxidative Stress in Levodopa Treated Parkinson's Disease Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial [NCT05959044]Phase 260 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-04-16Recruiting
Phase 2 Study of Pemetrexed in Combination With Cisplatin and Cetuximab in Recurrent or Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck [NCT01057589]Phase 266 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-02-28Completed
Pilot Study of FOLFOX6 Plus Sir-Spheres® Microspheres (Chemo-radiotherapy) in Combination With Bevacizumab (Avastin) as a First Line Treatment in Patients With Nonresectable Liver Metastases From Primary Colorectal Carcinoma [NCT00735241]Phase 2/Phase 30 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-07-31Withdrawn(stopped due to Withdrawn by the study sponsor.)
A Dose-Escalation Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of SCH 717454 in Combination With Different Treatment Regimens in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors (Phase 1B/2; Protocol No. P04722) [NCT00954512]Phase 1/Phase 215 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-09-25Terminated(stopped due to This study was terminated for business reasons.)
A Multi Center Phase II Study of 5-Fluorouracil/ Folinic Acid Plus Gemcitabine in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. [NCT00919282]Phase 278 participants (Actual)Interventional1997-09-30Completed
Phase II Study of Oxaliplatin in Combination With 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and Folinic Acid (FA) in Patients Who Have Failed First-line Treatment for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Cervical Cancer. [NCT00782041]Phase 211 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-01-31Terminated(stopped due to protocol violation)
Determination of the Suitability of Urinary Total P-aminobenzoylglutamate (p-ABG)and Formiminoglutamate (FIGLU) as a Markers for Folate Status [NCT00689949]53 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-06-30Completed
Effect of Folate on Colonic and Blood Cells [NCT00611000]Phase 120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2003-06-30Completed
"PsyCARE Trial - Efficiency of a Composite Personalised Care on Functional Outcome in Early Psychosis : A Prospective Randomised Controlled Trial " [NCT05796401]Phase 3500 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-06-15Not yet recruiting
SIMBA-Study Investigating Mental Acuity Effects of B-vitamins in Children [NCT00811291]250 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-09-30Completed
Influence of Preoperative Vitamin B12 and Folate Administration on Homocysteine Concentrations After Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia [NCT00901394]63 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-03-31Completed
An Exploratory, Randomized, Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Folic Acid and L-methylfolate in Parkinson's Disease [NCT00853879]150 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-12-31Terminated
A Non-randomized Phase 2 Study of Alvocidib (Flavopiridol) Plus Oxaliplatin With or Without 5-FU and Leucovorin for Relapsed or Refractory Germ-Cell Tumors [NCT00957905]Phase 236 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-30Completed
A Phase Ib Adaptive Study Dasatinib for the Prevention of Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathy in Patients With Metastatic Gastrointestinal Cancer Receiving FOLFOX Chemotherapy With or Without Bevacizumab [NCT04164069]Phase 19 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-09-02Active, not recruiting
A Pilot Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Folic Acid and/or Vitamin B Complex on Hepatitis C Infected Patients Treated With Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin. [NCT02150291]Phase 4120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-05-31Recruiting
A Phase IIa Open Label, Randomized Clinical Trial to Study the Safety and Efficacy of Vintafolide and the Combination of Vintafolide and Paclitaxel Compared to Paclitaxel in Subjects With Advanced Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Etarfolatide (EC20) Su [NCT01953536]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-04-30Withdrawn
A Phase 2 Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind Study of the Glutaminase Inhibitor Telaglenastat With Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy Versus Placebo With Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy in First-Line, Metastatic KEAP1/NRF2-Mutated, Nonsquamous, Non-Small Ce [NCT04265534]Phase 240 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-07-24Terminated(stopped due to Lack of Clinical Benefit)
A Phase II Study of EC17 (Folate-hapten Conjugate) in Patients With Progressive Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma [NCT00485563]Phase 212 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-06-30Terminated(stopped due to Changes in treatment paradigm resulted in a lower than expected rate of accrual.)
A Pilot and Feasibility Study of PD-1 Blockade With Nivolumab in Combination With Chemotherapy in Patients With Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma [NCT03970252]Early Phase 136 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-07-24Recruiting
Phase 1b/2 Clinical Trial of Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab Plus Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy With Weekly Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Adult Patients With Resectable, Locally Advanced Adenocarcinoma of the Gastroesophageal Junction or Gastric Cardia [NCT02730546]Phase 1/Phase 231 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-06-24Active, not recruiting
Randomized Phase III Trial of 5-FU Based Maintenance Therapy With or Without Panitumumab in Patients With RAS Wild Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer After Induction With FOLFOX + Panitumumab [NCT03300609]Phase 34 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-02-27Terminated(stopped due to Insufficient Accrual)
Phase I/II Clinical Trial of Intrathecal Pemetrexed as First Line Intrathecal Chemotherapy in Patients With Leptomeningeal Metastasis [NCT05289908]Phase 1/Phase 234 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-02-21Active, not recruiting
Randomised Study to Investigate FOLFOXIRI Plus Cetuximab vs. FOLFOXIRI Plus Bevacizumab as First-line Treatment of BRAF-mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer [NCT04034459]Phase 2109 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-11-25Active, not recruiting
Randomized Controlled Trial of the Impact of Treating Moderately Malnourished Women in Pregnancy [NCT02120599]1,867 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-03-31Completed
Comparison of Bioavailability of Dexketoprofen-Vit B vs Dexketoprofen (Stadium®), Dose 25 mg in Healthy Subjects, of Both Genders, Under Fasting Conditions [NCT05027126]Phase 136 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-02-28Completed
Role of Folinic Acid in Improving the Adaptive Skills and Language Impairment in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder [NCT05013164]Phase 244 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-10-01Completed
Single-arm Phase II Study of Maintenance Therapy With Aflibercept After First-line Treatment With FOLFIRI Plus Aflibercept in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients [NCT02129257]Phase 273 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-05-26Completed
The Purpose of This Study is to Evaluate the Effectiveness of MB-6 as Adjuvant Therapy in Reducing Neutropenia When Given Oxaliplatin-based Chemotherapy in Patients With Stage 3 Colorectal Cancer Previously Treated With Surgery. [NCT02135887]184 participants (Anticipated)Observational2013-11-04Recruiting
Effect of Folic Acid Supplementation in Pregnancy on Preeclampsia-Folic Acid Clinical Trial (FACT) [NCT01355159]Phase 32,464 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-04-30Completed
Periprocedural Administration of Folic Acid for Prevention of Contrast Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Coronary CTA/Angiography/Angioplasty [NCT02444013]Phase 4400 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-05-31Recruiting
Neurovascular Regulation During Exercise in Humans With Chronic Kidney Disease [NCT02947750]Phase 2150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-10-31Recruiting
Leucovorin for the Treatment of Language Impairment in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder [NCT02839915]Phase 2134 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-08-13Recruiting
Folic Acid Handling by the Human Gut: Implications for Food Fortification and Supplementation [NCT02135393]6 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-04-30Completed
Standard Risk B-precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) [NCT00103285]Phase 35,377 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-04-11Completed
An Open-Label, Randomized Phase 2 Study of ABT-869 in Combination With mFOLFOX6 (Oxaliplatin, 5-Fluorouracil, and Folinic Acid) Versus Bevacizumab in Combination With mFOLFOX6 as Second-line Treatment of Subjects With Advanced Colorectal Cancer [NCT00707889]Phase 2159 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-10-31Completed
The Effect of Oral Folinic Acid Rescue Therapy on Pemetrexed Induced Neutropenia: A Randomized Open-label Trial [NCT06010277]Phase 450 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-02-06Recruiting
Folic Acid Supplementation in Children With Sickle-Cell Disease: A Randomized Double-Blind Cross-Over Trial [NCT04011345]31 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-11-23Completed
Impact of Preoperative Treatment of Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Cardiac Surgery on Outcome. [NCT02031289]Phase 41,003 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-12-31Completed
A Phase I/II Clinical Trial of FOLFOX Bevacizumab Plus Botensilimab and Balstilimab (3B-FOLFOX) in Patients With MSS Metastatic Colorectal Cancer [NCT05627635]Phase 1/Phase 286 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-05-03Recruiting
A Phase III Study of Consolidative Radiotherapy in Patients With Oligometastatic HER2 Negative Esophageal and Gastric Adenocarcinoma (EGA) [NCT04248452]Phase 3314 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-05-26Recruiting
Evaluation of the Effect of Folic Acid Supplementation on the Presentation of Nuclear Abnormalities Associated With Cytogenotoxic Damage Induced by Chronic Drug Use. [NCT05712044]45 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-02-01Not yet recruiting
An Investigator-Initiated, Assessor Blinded, Randomized Study Comparing the Mechanism of Action of Adalimumab to Methotrexate in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Chronic Plaque Psoriasis. [NCT00932113]Phase 433 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-30Completed
Randomized Trial of 10 mg Versus 30 mg Per Week of Folic Acid in Combination With Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis [NCT01583959]Phase 4100 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-04-30Completed
Enalapril Maleate and Folic Acid Tablets for Primary Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Hypertension: a Post-marketing, Double-blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. [NCT00794885]Phase 420,702 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-05-31Completed
Myo-inositol May Prevent Gestational Diabetes in Obese Women [NCT01047982]220 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-03-31Completed
Folic Acid and Creatine as Therapeutic Approaches for Lowering Blood Arsenic [NCT01050556]Phase 4600 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-09-30Completed
Multi-Centre Phase III Open Label Randomized Trial Comparing CPT-11 In Combination With A 5-FU/FA Infusional Regimen To The Same 5-FU/FA Infusional Regimen Alone, As Adjuvant Treatment After Resection Of Liver Metastases For Colorectal Cancer. [NCT00143403]Phase 3321 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-12-31Completed
"International Multi-center Comparative Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial of Efficacy and Safety of BCD-055 (JSC BIOCAD, Russia) and Remicade® in Combination With Methotrexate in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis" [NCT02762838]Phase 3426 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-01-31Completed
Open Comparative Study With a Cross-over According to Patients'Preference Receiving Xeloda or UFT With Folinic Acid in Advanced or Metastatic Colo-rectal Cancer [NCT00905047]Phase 389 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-09-30Completed
FIRE-5 -Study: Optimal Anti-EGFR Treatment of mCRC Patients With Low-Frequency RAS Mutation [NCT04034173]Phase 2120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-08-01Not yet recruiting
Enalapril Maleate and Folic Acid Tablets for Prevention of Chronic Kidney Diseases in Patients With Hypertension: a Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01871740]Phase 40 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-05-31Withdrawn(stopped due to The sponsor and the PIs both agreed that the CSPPT-CKD should be a sub-study of the CSPPT insted of an independent randomized trial.)
A Phase II Trial of Pemetrexed (Alimta [Registered Trademark]) Combined With Sirolimus (Rapamycin, Rapamune [Registered Trademark]) in Subjects With Relapsed or Refractory NSCLC [NCT00923273]Phase 1/Phase 242 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Terminated(stopped due to Premature closure - investigator left the National Institutes of Health.)
Low Dose Prednisone Therapy in Women With Recurrent Pregnancy Loss [NCT04558268]Phase 2/Phase 3242 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-12-31Not yet recruiting
A Randomized, Double-blind, Multi-center Phase Ⅲ Comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Recombinant Human-mouse Chimeric Anti-TNF-alpha Monoclonal Antibody for Injection. [NCT04178850]Phase 3568 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-10-13Recruiting
Metformin for Prevention of Gestational Diabetes in Pregnant Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT ) [NCT02802215]Phase 2/Phase 380 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-01-31Recruiting
Open-label, Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel Study to Investigate pk, pd, Efficacy and Safety of Tocilizumab (TCZ, RO4877533) Following Subcutaneous Administration of TCZ 162 mg Weekly or Every Other Week in Combination With Methotrexate in Patients With [NCT00965653]Phase 129 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-08-31Completed
FLOX + Cetuximab (Erbitux®): First Line Treatment for Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and Wild Type K-RAS Tumor, A Phase II Study [NCT00660582]Phase 2152 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-04-30Completed
Randomized Three Arm Phase III Trial on Induction Treatment With a Fluoropyrimidine-, Oxaliplatin- and Bevacizumab-based Chemotherapy for 24 Weeks Followed by Maintenance Treatment With a Fluoropyrimidine and Bevacizumab vs. Bevacizumab Alone vs. no Maint [NCT00973609]Phase 3853 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-08-31Completed
A Phase Ib Feasibility Study of Personalized Kinase Inhibitor Therapy Combined With Induction in Acute Leukemias Who Exhibit In Vitro Kinase Inhibitor Sensitivity [NCT02779283]Phase 17 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-01-13Completed
Folate Rechallenge: A Pilot Study [NCT00672360]Phase 213 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-05-31Completed
Routine Administration of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 to Prevent Childhood Infections in Young Indian Children [NCT00717730]Phase 21,000 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-01-31Completed
A Phase 3 Trial Investigating Blinatumomab (NSC# 765986) in Combination With Chemotherapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Standard Risk or Down Syndrome B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL) and the Treatment of Patients With Localized B-Lymphoblastic Lymphom [NCT03914625]Phase 36,720 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-07-03Recruiting
A Phase II, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled, Randomized Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of 2 Doses of ZD6474 (Vandetanib) in Combination With FOLFOX vs FOLFOX Alone for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in Patients Who Have Failed Therapy With a [NCT00500292]Phase 2109 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-03-31Completed
A Retrospective Analysis of Neevo® and Neevo®DHA Compared to a Standard Prenatal Vitamin in Anemia During Pregnancy (N-001) [NCT01062958]100 participants (Actual)Observational2009-12-31Completed
A Phase II Trial of Preoperative FOLFIRINOX Followed by Gemcitabine Based Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma [NCT01897454]Phase 223 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-01-27Terminated(stopped due to Study was terminated due to slower than anticipated accrual)
Prevention of Intrauterine Growth Retardation in Hounde District, Burkina Faso: the Malaria Component [NCT00680732]Phase 41,370 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-06-30Completed
A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II Study to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of SC12267 (35 mg) in Combination With Methotrexate Compared to Methotrexate Alone in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis [NCT01010581]Phase 2266 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-11-30Completed
A Randomized Trial of Quadruple Fortified Salt for Anemia and Birth Defects Prevention in Southern India [NCT03853304]1,000 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-10-01Active, not recruiting
Nutritional Anemia: Prevention and Treatment in Early Childhood [NCT00701246]196 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-04-30Completed
Comparison of Combination Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) With Single Drug (Methotrexate) Therapy in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis [NCT02644499]Phase 4186 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-12-31Completed
Acceptability and Feasibility of Micronutrient Powders Versus Iron Syrup for Anemia Prevention in Young Children [NCT02610881]110 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-12-31Completed
Effect of Folic Acid Supplementation in Patient's Calcific Aortic Valve Disease With Mild Aortic Valve Stenosis [NCT05861648]Phase 2100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-07-01Not yet recruiting
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Study of Platinum+Pemetrexed Chemotherapy With or Without Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in First Line Metastatic Non-squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Subjects (KEYNOTE-189) [NCT03950674]Phase 340 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-02-22Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Study of Platinum+Pemetrexed Chemotherapy With or Without Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in First Line Metastatic Non-squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Subjects (KEYNOTE-189) [NCT02578680]Phase 3616 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-01-15Completed
Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Phase III Trial to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Oral BIBF 1120 Plus Standard Pemetrexed Therapy Compared to Placebo Plus Standard Pemetrexed Therapy in Patients With Stage IIIB/IV or Recurrent Non Small Cel [NCT00806819]Phase 3718 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-12-31Completed
An Open Labeled Phase 2 Study of Gemcitabine in Combination With Cisplatin, 5-FU (24h CI) and Folinic Acid in Patients With Inoperable Esophageal Cancer [NCT00759226]Phase 292 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-07-31Completed
An Open-label Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction Study of Folic Acid and 250 Mcg NGM/35 Mcg E E (ORTHO-CYCLEN) in Healthy Women. [NCT00709332]Phase 147 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-01-31Completed
Randomized, Multinational, Study Of Aflibercept And Modified FOLFOX6 As First-Line Treatment In Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer [NCT00851084]Phase 2268 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-02-28Completed
HPV Clearance by Folic Acid Supplementation (FACT for HPV) [NCT00703196]Phase 2368 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-03-31Completed
A Phase I Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of TGR 1202 Alone and in Combination With Either Nab-paclitaxel + Gemcitabine or With FOLFOX in Patients With Select Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors [NCT02574663]Phase 166 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-09-11Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Optimal Methotrexate With Folic Acid in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in Meizhou, Guangdong: a Randomized Case-control Study [NCT04066803]Phase 4160 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-08-01Recruiting
A Multicenter, Randomised Phase II Trial on the Therapy of Advanced Gastric Cancer or Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagogastric Junction in Patients Older Than 65 Years With Specific Regard of Quality of Life and Pharmacogenetic Risk Profile [NCT00737373]Phase 2143 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-08-31Completed
Folate Pharmacogenomics and Risk of Atypical Antipsychotic Metabolic Side Effects [NCT00815854]88 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-10-31Completed
Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Dapoxetine, Combined Dapoxetine With Folic Acid and Combined Dapoxetine With Vitamin B12 in Treatment of Patients With Premature Ejaculation: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial [NCT04085354]Phase 3120 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-02-10Completed
A Prospective, Randomized Trial Of Simultaneous Pancreatic Cancer Treatment With Enoxaparin and ChemoTherapy (PROSPECT) [NCT00785421]Phase 2/Phase 3312 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-04-30Completed
An Open-label Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction Study of Folic Acid and 250 Mcg NGM/35 Mcg EE (ORTHO-CYCLEN) in Healthy Women.. [NCT00709982]Phase 147 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-05-31Completed
seconD-line Folfiri/aflIbercept in proSpecTIvely Stratified, Anti-EGFR resistaNt, Metastatic coloreCTal Cancer patIents With RAS Validated Wild typE Status [NCT04252456]150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-04-23Recruiting
A Pivotal Bioequivalence Study of 250 Mcg NGM/25 Mcg EE With or Without Folic Acid in Healthy Female Subjects [NCT00709644]Phase 154 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-04-30Completed
Randomized Phase 3 Study on the Optimization of Bevacizumab With mFOLFOX/mOXXEL in the Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer [NCT01718873]Phase 3230 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-05-31Completed
Department of Geriatrics [NCT02575092]Phase 2/Phase 34,000 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-11-01Completed
Phase II-III Study Comparing Radiochemotherapy With the FOLFOX Regimen Versus Radiochemotherapy With 5FU-cisplatin (Herskovic Regimen) in First Line Treatment of Patients With Inoperable Oesophageal Cancer. [NCT00861094]Phase 2/Phase 3266 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-03-31Completed
Phase III Study of the Effects of Folic Acid Supplementation on Serum Folate and Plasma Homocysteine in Older Adults: A Dose-Response Trial [NCT00807807]Phase 3133 participants (Actual)Interventional1996-06-30Completed
Examining the Commonness of the C677T Mutation in the MTHFR Gene in Subjects With B12 Deficiency and the Influence of the B12 Deficiency Combined With the C677T Mutation on the MTHFR Gene on Endothelial Function. [NCT00730574]100 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-07-31Terminated(stopped due to completed patient rectuitment)
Preoperative Hypofractionated Radiotherapy With FOLFOX for Esophageal/Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma (PHOX) [NCT06078709]Phase 299 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-11-20Recruiting
Effect of Ultra-short-term Treatment of Patients With Iron Deficiency or Anemia Undergoing Adolescent Scoliosis Correction [NCT04343170]44 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-11-01Active, not recruiting
Folic Acid Administration Reduces the Progression of Microalbuminuria [NCT00737126]40 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-01-31Completed
The Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) Folic Acid Prevention Trial [NCT00512850]672 participants (Actual)Interventional1996-05-31Completed
A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Folate With B12 in Schizophrenia Patients With Residual Symptoms [NCT00611806]Phase 4140 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-12-31Completed
A Randomized, Phase 2b, Multi-center Study of Pralatrexate Versus Erlotinib in Patients With Stage IIIB/IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer After Failure of at Least 1 Prior Platinum-based Treatment [NCT00606502]Phase 2201 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-31Completed
Effect of Homocysteine-Lowering Therapy With Folic Acid, Vitamin B12, and Vitamin B6 on Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation of Forearm Resistance Vessels in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease [NCT00693589]Phase 236 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-01-31Completed
Comparison of the Effects of Dietary Folate and Phytate on the Absorption of Zinc From Either Zinc-amino Acids (ZnAA) or Zinc-chloride (ZnCl2) [NCT05273710]10 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-03-28Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Two Neoadjuvant Strategies With Bevacizumab in Locally Advanced Resectable Rectal Cancer: A Randomized, Non-Comparative Phase II Study [NCT00865189]Phase 291 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-10-23Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter, Two-part, Dose Ranging and Confirmatory Study With an Operationally Seamless Design, Evaluating Efficacy and Safety of SAR153191 on Top of Methotrexate (MTX) in Patients With Active Rheumatoid A [NCT01061736]Phase 2/Phase 31,675 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-03-31Completed
A Phase I, Single Center, Randomized, Open-Label, Study Investigating the Effect of Food, Rabeprazole, Methotrexate and Formulation on the Pharmacokinetics of GDC-0853 and the Effect of GDC-0853 on the Pharmacokinetics of Methotrexate in Healthy Subjects [NCT02699710]Phase 150 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-09-03Completed
A Phase I Study of EC0489 Administered Weeks 1 and 3 of a 4-Week Cycle [NCT00852189]Phase 165 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-04-30Completed
A Prospective Multicenter Study With 5-FU, Leucovorin, Oxaliplatin and Docetaxel (FLOT) in Patients With Locally Advanced, Limited Metastatic or Extensive Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach or Esophagogastric Junction [NCT00849615]Phase 2252 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-02-28Completed
Periconceptional Iron Supplementation on Iron and Folate Indicators Among Pregnant and Non-pregnant Women in Rural Bangladesh. [NCT00953134]Early Phase 1273 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-02-28Completed
An Exploratory Phase 2 Study of Pemetrexed/Cisplatin as Pre-operative Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Stage IIIAN2 Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer [NCT01165021]Phase 219 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-11-30Completed
[NCT01384994]Phase 2111 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-08-31Recruiting
A Study of the Effect of Folic Acid Supplementation on the Anti-malarial Action of Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine When Used for Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Gambian Primigravidae. [NCT00120822]Phase 31,000 participants Interventional2002-07-31Completed
Protocol EC-FV-01: A Phase 1 Study of EC145 Administered in Weeks 1 and 3 of a 4-Week Cycle [NCT00308269]Phase 132 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-03-31Completed
Impact of Folates in the Care of the Male Infertility [NCT01407432]Phase 3162 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-11-30Completed
Observational Study of Effectiveness and Safety of Add-on Milgamma® and Milgamma® Compositum Step-Therapy in Routine Practice of Management of Adult Patients With Acute Non-Specific Low Back Pain Receiving Modern NSAIDs [NCT03892707]500 participants (Actual)Observational2018-12-15Completed
A Phase I Study of EC90 With GPI-0100 Adjuvant Followed by EC17 With Cytokines (Interleukin-2 [IL-2] and Interferon-alpha [IFN-alpha]) in Patients With Refractory or Metastatic Cancer [NCT00329368]Phase 113 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-09-30Completed
Phase 3 Study of Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy of Advanced Resectable Rectal Cancer Comparing Modulation of 5-FU With Folinic Acid or With Interferon-alpha [NCT01060501]Phase 3796 participants (Actual)Interventional1992-07-31Completed
Pemetrexed With Simplified Folate and Dexamethasone Supplementation Versus Pemetrexed With Standard Supplementation as Second-line Chemotherapy for Patients With Non-squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer [NCT00609518]Phase 2111 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Completed
Profile Of Methylation and Gene Expression Of Gene ADRB3 And Effects Of Ingestion Of Folate, Hazelnuts And Diets Oil Capsule Antioxidants In Case Inflammatory [NCT02846025]Phase 230 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-10-31Completed
Antenatal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation to Improve Infant Survival and Health in Bangladesh [NCT00860470]Phase 344,567 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-31Completed
Bioavailability of Folic Acid and L-5-methyltetrahydrofolic Acid in Fortified Bread: a Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial [NCT01570088]Phase 245 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-04-30Completed
Effect of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Biochemical Parameters in Subjects With Type-2 Diabetes [NCT02786823]Phase 2/Phase 380 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-05-01Completed
Pharmacogenetics of Adverse Outcomes After Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia [NCT00655980]687 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Completed
Effect of Adjunctive Use of Vitamin B3 and B9 on Myeloperoxidase Level in the GCF of Patients With Stage I and II Periodontitis, a Randomized, Parallel Group, Double Blinded, Placebo Controlled Study [NCT05435378]Early Phase 130 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-07-01Not yet recruiting
A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, 3-Arm Phase 3 Study of Encorafenib + Cetuximab Plus or Minus Binimetinib vs. Irinotecan/Cetuximab or Infusional 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)/Folinic Acid (FA)/Irinotecan (FOLFIRI)/Cetuximab With a Safety Lead-in of Encorafe [NCT02928224]Phase 3702 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-10-13Completed
Phase II Study of Preoperative Radiation With Concurrent Capecitabine, Oxaliplatin and Bevacizumab Followed by Surgery and Postoperative 5-FU, Leucovorin, Oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) and Bevacizumab in Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer [NCT00321685]Phase 257 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-07-25Completed
Intensified Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy (Dasatinib NSC# 732517) in Philadelphia Chromosome Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) [NCT00720109]Phase 2/Phase 363 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-07-14Completed
Comparative Effectiveness of the Different Treatment Modalities for Management of Vaso-occlusive Painful Crisis in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease [NCT04301336]Phase 2/Phase 3350 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-11-01Completed
Effect of 1 Year Vitamin D or D Plus B-vitamins on Bone Markers in Elderly People [NCT02586181]93 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-08-31Completed
A Randomized Phase II Study of Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel Compared With 5-Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Liposomal Irinotecan in Older Patients With Treatment Naïve Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (GIANT) [NCT04233866]Phase 2176 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-08-26Active, not recruiting
HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 Genotyping for Autoantibody-positive and -Negative Patients With Atrophic Glossitis or Burning Mouth Syndrome [NCT01931293]750 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-04-30Recruiting
Individually Randomized Trial of Higher-dose Iron (60 mg, 45 mg) Compared to Low-dose Iron (30 mg) in Multiple Micronutrient Supplements in Pregnancy on Moderate and Severe Maternal Anemia- MMS Versus IFA Crossover Trial [NCT06069856]Phase 3130 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2025-09-30Not yet recruiting
Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Combined With Chemotherapy and Toripalimab for Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer: a Single-arm, Two-cohort, Phase II Trial (TORCH-R) [NCT05628038]Phase 293 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-08-18Recruiting
A Randomised, Cross-over Phase II Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Glucarpidase for Routine Use After High Dose Methotrexate in Patients With Bone Sarcoma [NCT02022358]Phase 234 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-07-31Terminated(stopped due to Recruitment almost complete, has been slow and challenging)
Effect of Low Dose Oral Folic Acid Supplementation on Phenytoin Induced Gingival Overgrowth: A Randomized Double Blind Controlled Trial. [NCT00781196]Phase 3120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-05-31Completed
Relationships of One-carbon Cycle Pathway With Psychopathology and Metabolic Abnormalities in Patients With Schizophrenia and Potential Intervention Strategy With Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 [NCT02916121]88 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-10-31Not yet recruiting
Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose Compared With Oral Iron in the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia at Delivery in Tanzania [NCT02541708]Phase 3230 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-09-30Active, not recruiting
Open, Randomized, Multicenter, Randomized Phase II Trial Comparing the Combination of Cetuximab With Oxaliplatin/5-FU/FA Versus the Combination of Cetuximab With Irinotecan/5-FU/FA as Neoadjuvant Treatment in Patients With Non-Resectable Colorectal Liver [NCT00153998]Phase 2135 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-11-30Completed
A Phase II Study of Twice Weekly Paclitaxel, Cisplatin and Weekly 24-Hour Infusion of High-Dose 5-Fluorouracil and Folinic Acid in the Treatment of Recurrent or Metastatic Esophageal Cancer [NCT00154700]Phase 240 participants Interventional2001-01-31Completed
Effect of Omega 3 Fats on Sperm Quality and Sexual Function in Infertile Men Age 35-55 [NCT00406874]Phase 26 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-01-31Terminated(stopped due to reports indicating that increased folic acid intake may increase colin cancer)
Interventions for Tobacco Dependent Adolescents [NCT00158171]Phase 2128 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-04-30Completed
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Different Strategies to Treat Anemia in Mexican Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT00822380]680 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-03-31Completed
A Phase II Trial of Preoperative Chemotherapy and Chemoradiotherapy for Potentially Resectable Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach and Gastroesophageal Junction [NCT00525785]Phase 258 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-01-31Completed
SEARCH: Study of the Effectiveness of Additional Reductions in Cholesterol and Homocysteine [NCT00124072]Phase 312,064 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-07-31Completed
A Phase 1/2a Open-label Study of Pralatrexate and Gemcitabine With Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Supplementation in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Lymphoproliferative Malignancies [NCT00481871]Phase 1/Phase 2119 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-05-31Completed
The Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction: A Multi-center, Controlled, Double-blind Randomized Trial. [NCT00467363]1,228 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-06-30Completed
An Open-Label, Single-Arm, Maintenance Study to Demonstrate Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of CT-P10 in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Who Were Treated With Rituximab (MabThera or CT-P10) in Study CT-P10 1.1 [NCT01873443]Phase 187 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-05-31Completed
The Effect of Jobelyn ( Extract of Sorghum Bicolor) on the Haematological Parameters of Patients With Sickle Cell Anaemia Disease. [NCT01703104]Phase 1/Phase 2150 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-01-31Completed
Effect of Home-fortification With Micronutrient Powder Sprinkles in Hematologic and Nutritional Status in Preschool Children in Medellín: a Randomized Clinical Trial. [NCT01917032]Phase 3100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-09-30Not yet recruiting
Effect of Lowering of Plasma Homocysteine Concentrations After an Oral Methionine Load on Vascular Function in Healthy Volunteers [NCT00126347]40 participants Interventional2002-08-31Completed
VIP (Vitamins In Psychosis) Study. A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial of the Effects of Vitamin B12, B6 and Folic Acid Augmentation on Cognition and Symptoms in Early Psychosis. [NCT00202280]Phase 2/Phase 3120 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-09-30Completed
Iron Supplementation Among Adolescent Girls in India [NCT00198848]2,800 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2005-09-30Completed
A Phase IB Study of Pembrolizumab in Combination With Pemetrexed and Oxaliplatin in Patients With Chemo-Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer [NCT03626922]Phase 133 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-05-15Active, not recruiting
Homocysteine Lowering and Atherosclerosis Reduction Trial (HART) [NCT00217178]Phase 4900 participants Interventional2000-01-31Active, not recruiting
A Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate Interactions Between Riboflavin and Folate Intake and Genotype in Reducing Risk of Cervical Cancer [NCT00220532]Phase 1/Phase 2180 participants Interventional2005-07-31Terminated
Does Small Scale Cereal-based Fortification Hold the Key to Improved Micronutrient Status in Ethiopia? The Case of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 in Teenage Girls in Arba Minch, Ethiopia [NCT06100146]474 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-09-06Recruiting
An Interventional, Prospective Open-Label Study of Immunosuppressive Therapies to Mitigate Immune-Mediated Loss of Therapeutic Response to Asfotase Alfa (STRENSIQ®) for Hypophosphatasia (RESTORE) [NCT06015750]Phase 48 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-02-20Not yet recruiting
Comparison of the Effect of Folic Acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5MTHF) on Serum Folate and Homocysteine Levels, and Abortion Rates in Women Suffering From Recurrent Abortion [NCT01976676]Phase 2/Phase 3220 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-04-30Completed
The Efficacy of Methotrexate for the Prevention of Postmolar Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Among Patients With High-Risk Hydatidiform Mole [NCT01984099]Phase 399 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-12-31Completed
Study of Effects of Preoperative Oral Domperidone on Gastric Residual Volume After Clear Fluid Ingestion in Patients Scheduled for Elective Surgeries: Prospective , Randomized ,Double Blinded Controlled Study [NCT05570292]Phase 340 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-10-10Completed
A Phase I A/B Study of the Folic Acid-Tubulysin Conjugate EC1456 In Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors [NCT01999738]Phase 193 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-10-31Completed
Clinical Trial of Effectiveness of Folic Acid Therapy on Homocysteine Level and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness After Kidney Transplantation [NCT00570856]Phase 460 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-06-30Terminated
Feasibility, Acceptability and Directional Signal Effect on Blood Folate Levels of Iodized Salt Fortified With Folic Acid: Clinical Study [NCT05935631]32 participants (Actual)Interventional2023-01-24Completed
A Multi-Institution Phase II Study of Pralatrexate With Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Supplementation for Previously Treated Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer (HNSCC) [NCT01183065]Phase 213 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, Efficacy and Safety Study of Methotrexate to Increase Response Rates in Patients With Uncontrolled Gout Receiving KRYSTEXXA® (Pegloticase) (MIRROR Randomized Controlled Trial [RCT]) [NCT03994731]Phase 4152 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-06-13Completed
VITATOPS - A Study of VITAmins TO Prevent Stroke [NCT00097669]8,164 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-11-30Completed
Phase I/II Clinical Study of Pralatrexate in Japanese Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma [NCT02013362]Phase 1/Phase 225 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-03-31Completed
An Open-label, Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Phase III Trial to Compare Cetuximab in Combination With FOLFOX-4 Versus FOLFOX-4 Alone in the First Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in Chinese Subjects With RAS Wild-type Status [NCT01228734]Phase 3553 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-09-09Completed
Phase Ib Trial of Two Folate Binding Protein (FBP) Peptide Vaccines (E39 and J65) in Breast and Ovarian Cancer Patients [NCT02019524]Phase 139 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-09-30Completed
Vitamin B12 and Folinic Acid Supplementation in Mitochondrial DNA Deletion Syndromes [NCT06186154]Phase 125 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-01-31Not yet recruiting
A Multicenter, Randomized Phase II Trial of Avastin Plus Gemcitabine Plus 5FU/Folinic Acid (A + FFG) vs. Avastin Plus Oxaliplatin Plus 5FU/Folinic Acid (A + FOLFOX 4) as Therapy for Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer [NCT00192075]Phase 284 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-06-30Completed
5-methyltetrahydrofolate Survival and Inflammation in ESRD Patients [NCT00626223]341 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-01-31Completed
Primary Prevention of Multi-micronutrient Supplementation During Peri-conception Against Congenital Heart Disease: A Community-based Randomised Controlled Trial in China [NCT02537392]7,315 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-09-30Completed
Treatment of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Standard Risk B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL) or Localized B-Lineage Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (B-LLy) [NCT01190930]Phase 39,350 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-09Active, not recruiting
The Efficacy of Pantoprazole Treatment in Patients With Functional Dyspepsia: Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial. [NCT01608750]Phase 4200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-06-30Not yet recruiting
Low Molecular Weight Heparin for Treatment of Recurrent Miscarriage With Negative Antiphospholipid Antibodies: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01608347]Phase 4228 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-01-31Completed
Phase IB Study to Evaluate the Safety of Selinexor (KPT-330) in Combination With Multiple Standard Chemotherapy or Immunotherapy Agents in Patients With Advanced Malignancies [NCT02419495]Phase 1221 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-06-26Active, not recruiting
Prospective, Single-centre, Double-Blind, Randomised, Placebo-controlled Study Evaluating Efficacy of Adalimumab + Methotrextate Compared With Placebo + Methotrexate in Patients With Early Oligoarthritis (ADEOS) [NCT04154852]Phase 222 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-06-30Completed
A Pilot Study of D-Chiro-Inositol Plus Folic Acid in Overweight Patients With Type 1 Diabetes [NCT02730949]Phase 326 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-03-31Completed
Timing, Duration and Severity of Infant Iron Deficiency: Developmental Impacts [NCT00613717]2,371 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-11-30Completed
Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Cross-over, Double-blind Study of a Metabolic Support Therapy With Q10 Ubiquinol and a Multivitamin B and E Complex in Two Cohorts of Patients With Idiopathic and Syndromic Autism (Phelan-McDermid Syndrome) [NCT04312152]200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-03-09Enrolling by invitation
Effect of Natural Compounds on the Severity of HPV-induced Cervical Lesions [NCT05625308]40 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-07-01Completed
Effect of Preoperative Folic Acid Intervention on Postoperative Recovery Period in Children With Head and Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery [NCT04135885]300 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-12-30Not yet recruiting
The Role of Sub-clinical Inflammation on the Iron Status of Myanmar Anaemic Adolescent Schoolgirls During Iron and Vitamin A Supplementation [NCT01198574]Phase 3402 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-07-31Completed
Evaluation and Comparison of the Efficacy of a New Standard Pre-operative Chemotherapy for Stage II and III Colorectal Cancer According to the FOLFOX4 Regimen With Routine Chemoradiation Therapy [NCT05378919]Phase 2250 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-06-01Recruiting
A Phase 2, Single-arm, Open-label, Multi-center Study of Pralatrexate in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory B-cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma [NCT00998946]Phase 229 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-09-30Completed
A Phase Ib Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Durvalumab and Tremelimumab in Combination With First-Line Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors. [NCT02658214]Phase 132 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-04-28Completed
A Pivotal Bioequivalence Study of 250 Mcg NGM/35 Mcg EE With or Without Folic Acid in Healthy Female Subjects. [NCT00709189]Phase 153 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-05-31Completed
A Randomized, Open Label Absolute Bioavailability Study of Folic Acid. [NCT00709267]Phase 112 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-10-31Completed
Primary Surgery Plus Single Course Methotrexate Versus Primary Methotrexate for Treatment of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasms in Low Risk Cases Above 40y: a Randomized Controled Trial [NCT02606539]Phase 2/Phase 320 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-09-30Recruiting
Effect of Folic Acid on Homocysteine Levels and Flow-mediated Dilation in HIV and HIV-HCV Coinfected Patients: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02810275]Phase 369 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-10-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Multicenter Phase 3 Study of Irinotecan, Folinic Acid, and 5-Fluorouracil (FOLFIRI) Plus Ramucirumab or Placebo in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma Progressive During or Following First-Line Combination Therapy Wit [NCT01183780]Phase 31,072 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-12-02Completed
Phase 2, Rand, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Dose Ranging Study to Evaluating Safety/Efficacy of Gerilimzumab in Patients With Moderately to Severely Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Inadequately Treated With Methotrexate or TNFα Antagonist [NCT02795299]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-01-31Withdrawn(stopped due to Study not started due to Sponsor decision to not move forward with compound.)
[NCT01426490]Phase 2/Phase 3300 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-08-31Recruiting
[NCT01514942]Phase 40 participants InterventionalCompleted
The Ondansetron Premedication Trial in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis [NCT04169828]176 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-08-02Recruiting
A Phase 1, Open-label Study of Pralatrexate With Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Supplementation in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma [NCT00554827]Phase 155 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-08-31Completed
Phase III Study Analyzing the Effectiveness of Dalteparin Therapy as Intervention in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss [NCT00400387]Phase 3449 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-11-30Completed
Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Supplementation for Preventing Fractures in Elderly People [NCT00696514]Phase 13,000 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-09-30Active, not recruiting
A ComboMATCH Treatment Trial: FOLFOX in Combination With Binimetinib as 2nd Line Therapy for Patients With Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers With MAPK Pathway Alterations [NCT05564403]Phase 266 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-05-07Recruiting
Phase I Study of Irinotecan Liposome (Nal-IRI), Fluorouracil and Rucaparib in the Treatment of Select Gastrointestinal Metastatic Malignancies Followed by a Phase Ib of First and Second Line Treatment of Both Unselected and Selected (for BRCA 1/2 and PALB [NCT03337087]Phase 1/Phase 218 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-11-02Active, not recruiting
A Randomized Crossover Trial Comparing Oral Capecitabine and Intravenous Fluorouracil + Folinic Acid (Nordic FU/FA Regimen) for Patient Preference in Colorectal Cancer [NCT00212589]Phase 360 participants Interventional2002-12-31Completed
Impact of Pre-Pregnancy Micronutrient Supplementation on Maternal and Child Outcomes [NCT01665378]5,011 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-10-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single Ascending Dose Study of the Safety and Tolerability of Subcutaneously Administered Sarilumab in Japanese Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Receiving Concomitant Methotrexate [NCT01850680]Phase 161 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-04-30Completed
[NCT01851941]Phase 252 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-10-31Completed
AZD8931, an Inhibitor of EGFR, ERBB2 and ERBB3 Signalling, in Combination With FOLFIRI: a Phase I/II Study to Determine the Importance of Schedule and Activity in Colorectal Cancer [NCT01862003]Phase 224 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-05-31Completed
Randomized Controlled Clinical Study of Folic Acid Treatment of Radiation Esophagitis After Chemoradiation in Lung Cancer [NCT05296369]90 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-03-01Recruiting
Air Pollution, Epigenetics and Cardiovascular Health: A Human Intervention Trial [NCT01864824]Phase 110 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-06-30Completed
Potentially Resectable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer With Wild-type KRAS and BRAF: Alternating Chemotherapy Plus Cetuximab - A Randomised Phase II Trial [NCT01867697]Phase 2173 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-05-31Completed
Perioperative Immunotherapy vs. Chemo-immunotherapy Stratified by Early Response Evaluation in Patients With Advanced Gastric Cancer (GC) and Adenocarcinoma of the Esophago-gastric Junction (AEG) [NCT04062656]Phase 221 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-09-26Active, not recruiting
Open Label, Multicenter, Phase II Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of IMC-11F8 in Combination With 5-FU/FA and Oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX-6) in Patients With Treatment-naïve, Locally-advanced or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer [NCT00835185]Phase 244 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-08-31Completed
A Phase 1/2a, Open-label, Multicenter Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Preliminary Anti-tumor Activity of PEN-866 in Patients With Advanced Solid Malignancies [NCT03221400]Phase 1/Phase 2340 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-08-29Recruiting
Effects of Propofol and Sevoflurane on Blood Folic Acid and Homocysteine Concentrations in Children With Cochlear Implant Surgery [NCT03595163]80 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-01-01Enrolling by invitation
Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, and Folic Acid Among Patients With Lifelong Premature Ejaculation and Non-responding to Dapoxetine Treatment. [NCT04355949]60 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-02-28Completed
Phase II Study of the Hyper-CVAD Regimen in Sequential Combination With Inotuzumab Ozogamicin as Frontline Therapy for Adults With B-Cell Lineage Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia [NCT03488225]Phase 24 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-03-28Terminated(stopped due to the study was closed early due to competing trials)
Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention [NCT00004734]Phase 30 participants Interventional1996-09-30Completed
[NCT01921192]Phase 4160 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-09-30Recruiting
Impact of Vitamin B12 Supplementation With Iron and Folic Acid on Adolescent Girls [NCT01490944]Phase 2360 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-01-31Recruiting
Folic Acid Supplementation for Improving Homocysteine Levels, Cognitive and Depressive Status in Eating Disorders [NCT01493674]Phase 424 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-31Completed
Prevention of Neural Tube Defects by Inositol in Conjunction With Folic Acid (PONTI Study) [NCT00452829]Phase 1100 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-09-30Completed
Prevention of Mood Disorders by Folic Acid Supplementation [NCT00459264]112 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-12-31Completed
Randomized Double-blind Controlled Clinical Trial to Assess the Impact of Folic Acid and Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on the Severity of Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults With Identified Depression [NCT00480207]Phase 2/Phase 315 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-05-31Completed
Effect of Folic Acid on Endothelial and Baroreceptor Function in Patients With Heart Failure [NCT00491907]Phase 40 participants Interventional2004-10-31Terminated(stopped due to recruitment is finished)
A Canadian Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Methotrexate and Folic Acid in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Phase III Trial. [NCT00470522]Phase 386 participants (Actual)Interventional1995-06-30Completed
Blood Pressure Lowering Effect of B-vitamins in Adults With a Genetic Pre-disposition to Elevated Blood Pressure. [NCT04278378]2,564 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-06-28Completed
Phase II/III Study of Circulating Tumor DNA as a Predictive Biomarker in Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Stage IIA Colon Cancer (COBRA) [NCT04068103]Phase 2/Phase 31,408 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-12-16Recruiting
A Groupwide Pilot Study to Test the Tolerability and Biologic Activity of the Addition of Azacitidine (NSC# 102816) to Chemotherapy in Infants With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and KMT2A (MLL) Gene Rearrangement [NCT02828358]Phase 278 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-04-01Active, not recruiting
Preventing Fetal Body and Brain Size Reduction in Low-income Smoking Mothers: A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT01248260]495 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-02-28Completed
Folate Augmentation of Treatment - Evaluation for Depression: a Randomised Controlled Trial [NCT00514410]Phase 4730 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-07-31Completed
The Role of Neurovascular Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in the Exercise Intolerance of Renal Failure [NCT01356966]Phase 274 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-05-31Completed
Efficacy of Antihypertensive and Plasma Total Homocysteine Lowering Combined Therapy With Enalapril and Folic Acid in Hypertensive Patients:A Multicenter Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT00520247]Phase 2443 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-09-30Completed
Phase II Randomized Study Comparing FOLFIRINOX + Panitumumab Versus mFOLFOX6 + Panitumumab in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Selected by RAS and B-RAF Status From Circulating DNA Analysis [NCT02980510]Phase 2219 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-12-31Active, not recruiting
A Phase III Study of Risk Directed Therapy for Infants With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): Randomization of Highest Risk Infants to Intensive Chemotherapy +/- FLT3 Inhibition (CEP-701, Lestaurtinib; NSC#617807) [NCT00557193]Phase 3218 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-15Active, not recruiting
An Uncontrolled, Open-label, Phase II Study in Subjects With Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Colon or Rectum Who Are Receiving First Line Chemotherapy With mFOLFOX6 (Oxaliplatin/ Folinic Acid/5-fluorouracil [5-FU]) in Combination With Regorafenib [NCT01289821]Phase 254 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-02-28Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Double-dummy, 2-parallel Arms Clinical Trial to Assess the Pharmacodynamic Effect on Plasma Folate and Red Blood Cell Folate and to Compare the Profile of Circulating Folate Metabolites During 24 Weeks of Treatment With an Oral [NCT01258660]Phase 1172 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-12-31Completed
A Phase 3, Global, Multi-Center, Double-Blind, Randomized, Efficacy Study of Zolbetuximab (IMAB362) Plus mFOLFOX6 Compared With Placebo Plus mFOLFOX6 as First-line Treatment of Subjects With Claudin (CLDN)18.2-Positive, HER2-Negative, Locally Advanced Unr [NCT03504397]Phase 3566 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-06-21Active, not recruiting
Randomized, Open Label Trial of Iron and Folic Acid on Change of Fungal Pattern [NCT02908581]Phase 242 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-06-30Completed
Effects of Myo-inositol, Alpha-Lactalbumin and Folic Acid Treatment in PCOS Women of Mexico and Italy [NCT04645745]36 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-06-15Completed
Randomized Phase II Trial Of Neoadjuvant Combined Modality Therapy For Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer [NCT00081289]Phase 2146 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-03-31Completed
A Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing Chemotherapy With Folfirinox to Gemcitabine in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Carcinoma [NCT02539537]Phase 3171 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-10-23Active, not recruiting
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Two-Part, Parallel-Group, Comparative Study to Evaluate Blood Folate Levels in Women Taking an Oral Contraceptive With and Without Folic Acid [NCT00301587]Phase 30 participants (Actual)InterventionalWithdrawn(stopped due to Company decision to not fund further development of women's health new drug development programs.)
[NCT00378456]0 participants InterventionalCompleted
Folate Supplementation in Schizophrenia [NCT00249288]Phase 446 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-12-31Completed
Phase I Clinical Study of Folate [NCT00096330]Phase 120 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-09-30Completed
Oral Cleft Prevention Trial in Brazil [NCT00098319]Phase 32,200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2004-01-31Completed
Effect of Lowering of Fasting Plasma Homocysteine Concentrations Through Supplementation With Betaine or Folic Acid on Vascular Function in Healthy Volunteers [NCT00102843]40 participants Interventional2002-10-31Completed
Impact of Zinc Supplementation on Mortality and Hospitalizations in Children Aged 1 Months to 23 Months [NCT00269542]94,359 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-02-28Completed
Zinc Supplementation Impact on Child Mortality--Nepal [NCT00109551]Phase 358,000 participants Interventional2001-10-31Completed
The Folic Acid and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (FACIT) Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT00110604]835 participants Interventional2000-09-30Completed
The Effect of Oral Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Cognitive Performance in Elderly People: the Brain12 Study [NCT00111267]165 participants Interventional2003-05-31Completed
Effect of Folic Acid Treatment in Coronary Artery Disease [NCT00300352]Phase 260 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2004-05-31Recruiting
A Randomized Pilot Study of the Activation of the Hemostatic Pathway by FOLFIRI + Bevacizumab With or Without Dalteparin in First Line Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancer [NCT00323011]Phase 25 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-05-31Terminated(stopped due to drug not available)
Systemic Oxaliplatin or Intra-arterial Chemotherapy Combined With LV5FU2 +/- Irinotecan and an Target Therapy in First Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Restricted to the Liver [NCT02885753]Phase 3348 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-12-31Recruiting
A Randomized, Double-blind, Multicenter Study With a Placebo-controlled Period Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Sarilumab Added to Methotrexate (MTX) in Japanese Patients With Moderately to Severely Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Who Are Inadequate Respo [NCT02293902]Phase 3243 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-11-30Completed
Multicenter Randomized Trial Evaluating FOLFIRI Plus Cetuximab Versus FOLFIRI Plus Bevacizumab in First Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. [NCT00433927]Phase 3568 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-01-31Active, not recruiting
Role of NO Activity for the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy [NCT00136188]Phase 2/Phase 3100 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-08-31Completed
HOPE-2 Study (Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation-2 Study) [NCT00106886]Phase 45,000 participants Interventional1999-12-31Active, not recruiting
Evaluation of Anthelminthics and Multivitamins for Treatment of Severe Anemia in Pregnant Women and Children 6-24 Months of Age in Pakistan [NCT00116493]Phase 31,009 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-04-30Completed
5-Fluorouracil/Folinate/Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) (FLOX Regimen), Given Continuously or Intermittently, in Combination With Cetuximab (Erbitux), in First-line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. A Phase III Multicenter Trial. [NCT00145314]Phase 3571 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-05-31Completed
Polymorphism C677T MTHFR and Diet With Folate in Oxidative Stress, Lipid Profile and Homocysteine [NCT02953522]48 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-11-30Completed
Evaluation Concerning the Influence of Myo-inositol Therapy on the Dynamics of Embryo Development in Patients Suffering From PCOS Undergoing ICSI Treatment [NCT02385396]Phase 2217 participants (Actual)InterventionalCompleted
Phase I/Ib Trial of ATR Inhibitor BAY 1895344 in Combination With FOLFIRI in GI Malignancies With a Focus on Metastatic Colorectal and Gastric/Gastroesophageal Cancers [NCT04535401]Phase 190 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-08-13Active, not recruiting
A Phase 2 Study of Zolbetuximab (IMAB362) as Monotherapy and in Combination With Chemotherapy and/or Immunotherapy in Subjects With Metastatic or Locally Advanced Unresectable Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction (GEJ) Adenocarcinoma and Locoregional Gast [NCT03505320]Phase 2143 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-06-29Recruiting
A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Study Investigating Efficacy of Rituximab in the Inhibition of Joint Structural Damage Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Inadequate Response to Methotrex [NCT00578305]Phase 3185 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-11-30Completed
Comparative Efficacy of Amlodipine Folic Acid vs. Amlodipine on the Risk of First Ischemic Stroke Among Patients With H-type Hypertension and MTHFR 677 CC/CT Genotype: A Multi-center, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT04974138]Phase 425,000 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-04-01Not yet recruiting
Phase I/II Study of Carboplatin and Pralatrexate in Patients With Recurrent Platinum-Sensitive Ovarian, Fallopian or Primary Peritoneal Cancer [NCT01188876]Phase 1/Phase 250 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Completed
Treatment of Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors (AT/RT) of the Central Nervous System With Surgery, Intensive Chemotherapy, and 3-D Conformal Radiation [NCT00653068]Phase 370 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-12-08Active, not recruiting
Trial of Vitamins Among Children of HIV-infected Women [NCT00197730]Phase 32,387 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-06-30Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Placebo- and Active Calibrator-controlled Study Assessing the Clinical Benefit of SAR153191 Subcutaneous (SC) on Top of MTX in Patients With Active RA Who Have Failed Previous TNF-α Antagonists [NCT01217814]Phase 216 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-11-30Terminated(stopped due to Due to delay in the study and the impact on the development timelines, not due to any identified safety concerns)
Protocol EC-0225-01: A Phase 1 Study of EC0225 Administered Weeks 1 and 3 of a 4-Week Cycle [NCT00441870]Phase 177 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-02-28Completed
Induction Chemotherapy Before or After Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy and Surgery for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Randomized Phase II Trial of the German Rectal Cancer Study Group [NCT02363374]Phase 2311 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-03-25Completed
[NCT01511835]Phase 40 participants InterventionalRecruiting
A Phase III Randomized Trial for the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Supratentorial PNET and High Risk Medulloblastoma in Children < 36 Months Old With Intensive Induction Chemotherapy With Methotrexate Followed by Consolidation With Stem Cell Rescue vs. [NCT00336024]Phase 391 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-08-06Active, not recruiting
Observational Study of the Impact of Circulating T Regulatory Cells (Tregs) on Clinical Outcome of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (MCRC) Patients Treated With Standard Fluorouracil/Irinotecan/Bevacizumab First Line Therapy [NCT01533740]31 participants (Actual)Observational2012-03-31Completed
Combination Therapy With Myo-inositol and Folic Acid Versus Myo-inositol Alone: Effects of Six Months Treatment on Clinical, Endocrine and Metabolic Features in Obese Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome [NCT01555190]50 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-01-31Completed
B-Vitamin Atherosclerosis Intervention Trial (BVAIT) [NCT00114400]Phase 2/Phase 3506 participants Interventional2000-11-30Completed
A Phase I Trial of Lometrexol Sodium and Paclitaxel Adminsitered Intravenously Every 21 Days in Conjunction With Oral Folic Acid in Patients With Solid Tumors [NCT00024310]Phase 10 participants Interventional2001-09-30Active, not recruiting
Mechanisms of Antifolate Efficacy in Arthritis [NCT00000395]Phase 240 participants (Actual)Interventional1996-09-30Completed
UKCAP Trial: A Multi-Center Double Blind Randomised Controlled Trial Of Aspirin And/Or Folate Supplementation For the Prevention Of Recurrent Colorectal Adenomas [NCT00033319]0 participants Interventional1997-05-31Active, not recruiting
Evaluation of a Package of Nutrition Interventions to School-based Nutrition and Health Intervention for Adolescents in Bangladesh [NCT05455073]3,018 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-07-31Completed
[NCT01540747]Phase 40 participants InterventionalCompleted
A Multi-centre, Randomised, Parallel Group, Open-label, Phase II, Single-stage Selection Trial of Liposomal Irinotecan (Nal-IRI) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/Folinic Acid or Docetaxel as Second-line Therapy in Patients With Progressive Poorly Differentiated [NCT03837977]Phase 2102 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-11-13Active, not recruiting
Factors Affecting Colonic Folate Absorption and Metabolism in Humans [NCT03421483]24 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-12-17Active, not recruiting
The Effect of Folic Acid Supplementation on Efficacy of Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Pregnant Women in Western Kenya [NCT00130065]Phase 4600 participants Interventional2003-11-30Completed
3389 Colorectal Adenoma: Chemoprevention With Folic Acid [NCT00018551]Phase 20 participants Interventional1998-10-31Completed
Oral Cleft Prevention Program [NCT00397917]Phase 34,000 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-11-30Completed
A Phase II Multicenter Study Of Lometrexol Sodium And Folic Acid In Subjects With Previously Treated Stage IIIB or IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer [NCT00033722]Phase 20 participants Interventional2002-02-28Active, not recruiting
A Phase 1 Trial of ALIMTA (Pemetrexed) in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Cancer [NCT00034463]Phase 10 participants InterventionalCompleted
Dosage Effects of Folic Acid on Blood Folates of Honduran Women [NCT00207532]100 participants Interventional2005-03-31Completed
The Relative Bioavailability of Folate From a Mixed Diet Compared to Synthetic Folic Acid Using a Stable Isotope Method [NCT00130585]75 participants Interventional2005-05-31Completed
Impact of Iron/Folic Acid Versus Multimicronutrient Versus Folic Acid Supplements During Pregnancy on Mortality, Morbidity, and Complications During Pregnancy, Labor, and Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial in China [NCT00133744]Phase 318,962 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-05-31Completed
The Effect of Folic Acid Concentration and Folic Acid Supplementation on Warfarin Pharmacokinetic and Warfarin Dose Requirement at Steady State. [NCT00162409]400 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2001-08-31Recruiting
A Dose-finding Randomized Trial of Vitamin B12 Supplementation: Biomarker Responses and Implications for Dietary Recommendations. [NCT04731948]200 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-10-01Completed
Nutrition, Immunology, and Epidemiology of Tuberculosis [NCT00170404]Phase 3887 participants Interventional2000-06-30Completed
A Trial of Micronutrients and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes [NCT00197548]Phase 38,468 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-08-31Completed
Single-Arm, Multicenter, Prospective, Phase 2 Study for the Evaluation of Biomarkers in Patients With Advanced &/or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer With Wild Type KRAS Treated Biweekly With Chemotherapy and Cetuximab as First-Line Treatment [NCT01276379]Phase 2221 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-01-31Completed
Early Blocking Strategy for Metachronous Liver Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Based on Pre-hepatic CTC Detection [NCT05720559]Phase 2100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-03-01Not yet recruiting
Phase I Study to Determine the Safety of Quercetin in COPD Patients [NCT01708278]Phase 19 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-02-28Completed
Dilapan-S With Adjunctive Misoprostol for Same-day Second Trimester Dilation and Evacuation: A Randomized Trial [NCT01818414]29 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-10-31Terminated(stopped due to Concerns for safety)
Mitigation Efforts in Arsenic Exposure With Folic Acid Supplementation: Reducing Toxicity and Exploring the Impact on Lung Health [NCT05656664]100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-09-14Enrolling by invitation
Effectiveness of Comprehensive Tertiary Interventions on Incidence and Clinical Outcomes of Birth Defects : a Cluster Randomisation Intervention Trial [NCT03725878]2,200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-10-31Recruiting
Comparative Efficacy of Amlodipine Folic Acid vs. Amlodipine on the Risk of First Ischemic Stroke Among Patients With Hypertension and MTHFR 677 TT Genotype: A Multi-center, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT04974151]Phase 424,000 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-04-01Not yet recruiting
Effects of Treatment With Resveratrol on Oocyte and Embryo Quality in Patients Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Techniques( ART) [NCT04386499]100 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-01-10Completed
Calcium Aspirin Multiple Micronutrients (CAMMS) or Iron-folic Acid (IFA) to Reduce Preterm Birth [NCT05612984]Phase 310,000 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-04-01Not yet recruiting
Randomized Trial of Homocysteine-lowering With B Vitamins for Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease After Acute Myocardial Infarction. The Norwegian Vitamin Trial (NORVIT) [NCT00266487]3,750 participants Interventional1998-12-31Completed
Essai De Phase III De Chimiotherapie Par FOLFOX 4 Ou Par Une Succession FOLFOX 7 - FOLFIRI Chez Des Patients Ayant Des Metastases Resecables D'Origine Colorectale - MIROX [NCT00268398]Phase 3284 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-07-31Completed
A Study of Serum Folate Levels in Patients Treated With Olaparib [NCT04024254]Phase 2/Phase 310 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-07-21Completed
A Multicenter Randomized, Open-label Study to Compare the Efficacy of Subcutaneous Infliximab Monotherapy With Subcutaneous Infliximab and Concomitant Immunosuppression in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Crohn's Disease [NCT06059989]Phase 3158 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-11-25Recruiting
Preoperative FOLFOX Versus Postoperative Risk-adapted Chemotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer and Low Risk for Local Failure: A Randomized Phase III Trial of the German Rectal Cancer Study Group [NCT04495088]Phase 3818 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-09-30Recruiting
Open, Multi-center Phase I/II Trial With Mitomycin C in Combination With 5-Fluorouracil and Folinic Acid in Pretreated Patients With Metastatic Gastrointestinal Cancer [NCT00289445]Phase 1/Phase 20 participants Interventional1999-09-30Completed
Phase I/II Study of CT-2106 in Combination With Infusional 5-fluorouracil/Folinic Acid (5-FU/FA)(de Gramont Schedule) as Second Line in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Failing an Oxaliplatin Plus 5-FU/FA Regimen [NCT00291785]Phase 1/Phase 248 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-01-31Completed
One-year Double-blind Placebo-controlled Phase 2-3 Study to Evaluate the Effect of Oral Folinic Acid Treatment (1mg/kg/d) on the Psychomotor Development of Young Down Syndrome Patients [NCT00294593]Phase 2/Phase 3120 participants Interventional2000-10-31Completed
Effect of Add-on Anti-Toxoplasmosis Treatment on Parameters Defining Toxoplasma Gondii Infection and on Psychopathology in Patients With Schizophrenia or Major Depression Serologically Positive for Toxoplasma Gondii - Phase 3 Study [NCT00300404]Phase 340 participants Interventional2002-01-31Completed
Micronutrient Supplementation for Women With PCO-syndrome - Influence of Nutrition and Physiology on the Development of PCOS-typical Parameters [NCT03306745]60 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-06-02Completed
PHASE II DOUBLE-BLIND CHEMOPREVENTION TRIAL OF HIGH DOSE FOLIC ACID VERSUS PLACEBO IN PATIENTS WITH RESECTED COLORECTAL POLYPS [NCT00002650]Phase 280 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1995-06-12Completed
Homocysteine Lowering by B Vitamins and the Secondary Prevention of Deep-Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism. A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double Blind Trial. [NCT00314990]620 participants Interventional1996-01-31Completed
An Observational Study of Avastin® (Bevacizumab) in Combination With Chemotherapy for Treatment of First-line Metastatic Colorectal Adenocarcinoma [NCT01506167]719 participants (Actual)Observational2012-07-06Completed
[NCT01626443]Phase 446 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-01-31Completed
Effect of Methyl-donor Nutrient Supplementation on Methylation Profile of Inflammatory-related Genes in Lupus Patients With Obesity: a Clinical Trial [NCT05097365]48 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-01-01Not yet recruiting
A Randomized, Phase III, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Onartuzumab (MetMAb) in Combination With 5-Fluorouracil, Folinic Acid, and Oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6) in Patients With Metastatic HER2-Negative, [NCT01662869]Phase 3564 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-11-30Completed
Introduction of Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation to Antenatal Care in Bamako, Mali [NCT05312242]486 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-02-10Completed
Dietary Allowance of Methyl Donor Nutrients to Minimize Risks of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Progression: Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Markers in Metabolomics of Gut Microbiome/Host Methyl Nutrition and the Working Mechanisms [NCT05291104]60 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-04-01Enrolling by invitation
Main Objective While Treating the Ulcers is to Reduce the Discomfort and Accelerate Healing. Thus the Purpose of the Study is to Find Out Therapeutic Role of Topical Folic Acid on Oral Ulcerations [NCT04989049]Early Phase 175 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-09-30Not yet recruiting
Effect of a Fortified Balanced Energy-Protein Supplement on Birth Outcome and Child Growth in Houndé District, Burkina Faso. [NCT03533712]Phase 41,788 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-10-30Completed
Antioxidant Effect of the Extract of Jobelyn (Sorghum Bicolor) on the Quality of Life of Patients With Sickle Cell Disease [NCT01704794]Phase 1/Phase 296 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-04-30Recruiting
Feasibility of an Immediate Preoperative Chemotherapy Before Resection of Colorectal Cancer and Research of Gene Expressions Changes Induced in the Tumor, Predictive of Chemotherapy Efficiency [NCT01715363]Phase 23 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-07-31Terminated(stopped due to Recruitment difficulties)
The Effect of Folic Acid Supplementation and Pregnancy on the Folate Forms in Red Blood Cells [NCT01741077]32 participants (Actual)Observational2008-05-31Completed
Folic Acid-fortified Iodized Salt and Serum Folate Concentration in Reproductive-aged Women of Rural India [NCT06174883]80 participants (Actual)Observational2022-06-01Completed
Prospective International Multicenter Observational Cohort Study Evaluating Progress and Outcomes of Pregnancy in Women Using Various Vitamin Support Regimens Before and During Pregnancy (UNONA Study) [NCT05062044]1,500 participants (Anticipated)Observational2021-12-02Recruiting
Buccal Misoprostol During Cesarean Section for Preventing Postpartum Hemorrhage in Women With Risk Factors for Uterine Atony [NCT01733329]Phase 4123 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Completed
Phase 2 Study of Pralatrexate in Female Patients With Previously-treated Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer [NCT01118624]Phase 222 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-03-31Completed
A Randomized Phase III Study Comparing 5-FU, Leucovorin and Oxaliplatin Versus 5-FU, Leucovorin, Oxaliplatin and Bevacizumab in Patients With Stage II Colon Cancer at High Risk for Recurrence to Determine Prospectively the Prognostic Value of Molecular Ma [NCT00217737]Phase 33,610 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2005-09-06Active, not recruiting
Efficacy for Acute Pain Alleviation of 50 mg Diclofenac 1 Hour Prior to Endometrial Sampling in Cases of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding [NCT01762306]90 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-11-30Recruiting
Short-term Folinic Acid Supplementation Improves Vascular Reactivity in HIV-infected Individuals: a Randomized Trial [NCT01768182]30 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-08-31Completed
Open, Randomized, Multicenter Phase II Trial With Cetuximab /5-FU/FA/Irinotecan or Cetuximab/5-FU/FA /Irinotecan/Oxaliplatin in K-ras/B-raf Wild Type Patients or With Irinotecan/Oxaliplatin/5-FU/FA With or Without Bevacizumab in K-ras Mutant Patients as N [NCT01802645]Phase 291 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-03-31Active, not recruiting
Effect of Myoinositol on Serum Asprosin Levels in Pregnant Women [NCT05943158]40 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-06-01Completed
A Phase II/I Open-Label Clinical Trial of CPI-613 in Combination With Modified FOLFIRINOX in Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer and Good Performance Status [NCT03699319]Phase 1/Phase 249 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-12-07Active, not recruiting
Effect of Obesity and Folic Acid Supplementation on Gene-specific DNA Methylation in Women of Reproductive Age [NCT01841658]50 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-04-30Completed
An Investigator Initiated Phase 1 Trial To Evaluate mFOLFOX6 With Selinexor (KPT-330), An Oral Selective Inhibitor Of Nuclear Export (SINE), In Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer [NCT02384850]Phase 110 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-03-31Terminated
Phase Ib/II Treatment of Advanced Pancreatic Cancer With Anti-CD3 x Anti-EGFR-Bispecific Antibody Armed Activated T-Cells (BATs) in Combination With Low Dose IL-2 and GM-CSF [NCT02620865]Phase 1/Phase 22 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-12-31Completed
Intermittent or Continuous Panitumumab Plus FOLFIRI for First-line Treatment of Patients With RAS/B-RAF Wild-type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: a Randomized Phase 2 Trial [NCT04425239]Phase 2151 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-05-21Completed
Open, Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Phase III Study Comparing CMAB009 Plus FOLFIRI Versus FOLFIRI Alone as First-line Treatment for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-expressing, RAS/BRAF Wild-type, Metastatic Colorectal Cancer [NCT03206151]Phase 3520 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-12-12Active, not recruiting
Effects Of A Mixed Diet Intervention Versus Folic Acid Supplementation And Metafolin® Supplementation On Folate Status And Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors In Healthy Adults [NCT00372645]180 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-05-31Completed
A Phase 1/2, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Tolerability of GSK3196165 in Combination With Methotrexate Therapy, in Japanese Subjects With Active Moderate-Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis Despite Treatment With Metho [NCT03028467]Phase 1/Phase 215 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-01-24Completed
A Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 3 Study of Cosibelimab (CK-301) in Combination With Platinum+Pemetrexed Chemotherapy in Subjects With First-Line Metastatic Non-squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer [NCT04786964]Phase 325 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-12-08Terminated(stopped due to Regional political conflict)
A Phase 2, Randomized Study to Evaluate Safety, Efficacy, and Optimal Dose of ABBV-400 in Combination With Fluorouracil, Folinic Acid, and Bevacizumab in Previously Treated Subjects With Unresectable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer [NCT06107413]Phase 2206 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-11-12Recruiting
An Open-Label Multicenter Phase 1b Study of E7046 in Combination With Radiotherapy/Chemoradiotherapy (RT/CRT) in Preoperative Treatment of Subjects With Rectum Cancer [NCT03152370]Phase 129 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-05-17Completed
The Role of Vitamin B Complex as an Adjuvant Therapy for Diabetic Nephropathy in Pediatric Patients With Type 1 Diabetes [NCT03594240]Phase 380 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-03-01Completed
Effect of Reducing Inflammation With Low Dose Methotrexate on Inflammatory Markers and Endothelial Function in Treated and Suppressed HIV Infection [NCT01949116]Phase 2176 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-01-31Completed
Phase II Multicentric Randomized Trial, Evaluating the Best Protocol of Chemotherapy, Associated With Targeted Therapy According to the Tumor KRAS Status, in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (CCRM) Patients With Initially Non-resectable Hepatic Metastases [NCT01442935]Phase 2256 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-02-28Completed
MEGA (Met or EGFR Inhibition in Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma): FOLFOX Alone or in Combination With AMG 102 or Panitumumab as First-line Treatment in Patients With Advanced Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma FNCLCC-FFCD-AGEO PRODIGE 17-ACCORD 20 Randomized [NCT01443065]Phase 2162 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-01-31Completed
Efficacy of Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements (LNS) for Pregnant and Lactating Women and Their Infants [NCT00970866]3,499 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-11-30Completed
A Phase III, Randomised, Multicentre Open-label Study of Active Symptom Control (ASC) Alone or ASC With Oxaliplatin/ 5F-U Chemotherapy for Patients With Locally Advanced/ Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancers Previously Treated With Cisplatin/ Gemcitabine Chem [NCT01926236]Phase 3162 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-02-28Completed
Management of Preoperative Anaemia in Surgical Oncology as a Tool to Reduce Blood Transfusion Need [NCT05505006]Phase 4500 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-03-02Recruiting
Nutri-CAP: Nutrition for Children, Adolescent Girls, and Pregnant Women in Slums of Dhaka City [NCT05311436]3,260 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-07-01Recruiting
A Folinic Acid Intervention for ASD: Links to Folate Receptor-alpha Autoimmunity & Redox Metabolism [NCT01602016]Phase 299 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-05-31Terminated(stopped due to Non-compliance)
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled, Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Baricitinib (LY3009104) in Patients With Moderately to Severely Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Who Have Had Limited or No Treatment With Disease-Modifying Ant [NCT01711359]Phase 3588 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-11-30Completed
A Prospective, Single-arm, Single-center, Phase II Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Quintuple Method for the Treatment of Multiple Refractory Colorectal Liver Metastases [NCT05774964]Phase 2100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-03-15Not yet recruiting
A Phase III Trial of Irinotecan / 5-FU / Leucovorin or Oxaliplatin / 5-FU/ Leucovorin With Bevacizumab, or Cetuximab (C225), or With the Combination of Bevacizumab and Cetuximab for Patients With Untreated Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Colon or Rectum [NCT00265850]Phase 32,334 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-11-30Completed
An Open Labelled Phase III Adjuvant Trial of Disease-free Survival in Patients With Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Randomized to Allocation of Oxaliplatin- or Gemcitabine-based Chemotherapy by Standard Clinical Criteria or by a Transcriptomic T [NCT05314998]Phase 3394 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-07-01Not yet recruiting
A Phase 2,Open-label Study of First Line Pemetrexed Plus Cisplatin Versus Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin for Advanced and Metastatic Non Small Cell Lung Cancer and Biomarker Study [NCT01194453]Phase 2288 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-11-30Completed
Randomized Phase II Study for Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Maintenance Treatment With 5-FU/FA Plus Panitumumab vs. 5-FU/FA Alone After Prior Induction Treatment With mFOLFOX6 Plus Panitumumab and Re-induction With mFOLFOX6 Plus Panitumumab in Case [NCT01991873]Phase 2387 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-04-30Completed
An Open-label 2:1 Randomized Phase II Study of Panitumumab Plus FOLFOXIRI or FOLFOXIRI Alone as First-line Treatment of Patients With Non-resectable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and RAS Wild Type [NCT01328171]Phase 293 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-04-30Completed
The Methotrexate in ERosive INflammatory Osteoarthritis (MERINO) Trial: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial to Investigate Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Methotrexate in Erosive Inflammatory Hand Osteoarthritis. [NCT04579848]Phase 4153 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-08-12Recruiting
"Phase-2 Study Evaluating Overall Response Rate (Efficacy) and Autonomy Daily Living Preservation (Tolerance) of FOLFIRINOX Pharmacogenetic Dose Adjusted, in Elderly Patients (70 yo. or Older) With a Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma." [NCT02143219]Phase 272 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-07-31Completed
A Phase I, Open-Label Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Preliminary Efficacy of Ascending Doses of AZD0156 Monotherapy or in Combination With Either Cytotoxic Chemotherapies or Novel Anti-Cancer Agents in Patients With Advance [NCT02588105]Phase 184 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-11-10Completed
Efficacy of Novel Agents for Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among High-Risk Outpatient Adults: An Adaptive Randomized Platform Trial [NCT04354428]Phase 2/Phase 3289 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-04-16Terminated(stopped due to Low number of events contributing to primary outcome)
Effect of Treatment With Myo-inositol on Human Semen Parameters in Patients Undergoing IVF Cycles [NCT01828710]62 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-08-31Completed
Hydroxychloroquine is an Immunomodulator for Improvement of Pregnancy Outcomes in Preeclampsia [NCT04755322]50 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-03-01Completed
A Single-Center, Open-Label Study to Assess the Effects of the Addition of Modulators of Homocysteine to Adalimumab Therapy in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis Evaluated With the PASI, PGA and DLQI [NCT01704599]Phase 1/Phase 28 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-01-31Terminated(stopped due to side effect and poor clinical outcome)
A Phase II Study of Pemetrexed (Alimta) as Second-Line Therapy for Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer: Hoosier Oncology Group GU03-67 [NCT00216099]Phase 249 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-02-28Completed
Phase II Trial of Bevacizumab in Combination With Pemetrexed as Second Line Therapy in Patients With Stable Brain Metastases From Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (Excluding Squamous Cell Carcinoma) [NCT00227019]Phase 216 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-03-31Completed
Open-label, Single Arm Phase II Trial Investigating the Efficacy, Safety and Quality of Life of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy With Liposomal Irinotecan Combined With Oxaliplatin and 5-Fluorouracil/Folinic Acid Followed by Curative Surgical Resection in Patient [NCT04617457]Phase 2150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-10-10Recruiting
MYPP-trial: Myo-inositol Supplementation to Prevent Pregnancy Complications in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Multicentre Double-blind Randomised Controlled Trial [NCT05524259]464 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-06-21Recruiting
Folic Acid Supplementation as an Appetizer in Primary Malnourished Egyptian Infants and Children [NCT03040219]Phase 4100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-04-01Not yet recruiting
Managing Endothelial Dysfunction in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients at the Lebanese American University Medical Center- Rizk Hospital [NCT04813471]Phase 370 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-01-20Recruiting
Phase II Study to Evaluatate the Efficacy of Gemcitabine Plus Erlotinib for RASH-positive Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer and Friendly Risk Circumstances [NCT01729481]Phase 2150 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-07-31Active, not recruiting
Therapeutic Mechanism of Jianpi Huoxue Recipe in Treating Gastric Premalignant Lesion：A Multi-center, Randomized and Controlled Experiment [NCT03823248]Phase 1/Phase 2480 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-03-01Recruiting
A Phase II Study of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy With and Without Immunotherapy to CA125 (Oregovomab) Followed by Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy & Concurrent HIV Protease Inhibitor Nelfinavir in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer [NCT01959672]Phase 211 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-09-06Completed
The Study of the Influence of Intestinal and Cellular Iron and Foliate Transporters on Bioavailability of These Micronutrients in the Organism [NCT03438942]200 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-09-30Completed
A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-controlled Pilot-study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Low-dose hrIL-2 in the Treatment of Methotrexate (MTX)-Naive Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis [NCT02467504]Phase 247 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-07-01Completed
A Randomised Double Blind Study of the Effects of Homocysteine Lowering Therapy on Mortality and Cardiac Events in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography [NCT00354081]Phase 33,096 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-04-30Completed
A Novel Phase I/IIa Open Label Study of IMM 101 in Combination With Selected Standard of Care (SOC) Regimens in Patients With Metastatic Cancer or Unresectable Cancer at Study Entry [NCT03009058]Phase 1/Phase 22 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-05-24Terminated(stopped due to Commercial reasons)
Effect of Preoperative Buccal Misoprostol on Blood Loss in Second-trimester [NCT01436266]Phase 33 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-07-31Terminated(stopped due to Slow enrollment)
Steam (Sequencing Triplet With Avastin and Maintenance): FOLFOXIRI/Bevacizumab Regimens (Concurrent and Sequential) vs. FOLFOX/Bevacizumab in First-Line Metastatic Colorectal Cancer [NCT01765582]Phase 2280 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-01-23Terminated
A Phase II Study of Pemetrexed/Carboplatin/Radiotherapy and Bevacizumab in Patients With Unresectable Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer [NCT00402883]Phase 25 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-11-30Terminated(stopped due to Terminated due to bevacizumab and chemoradiotherapy toxicity)
Women's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study (WAFACS) [NCT00000541]Phase 20 participants Interventional1993-05-31Completed
A 24-Week Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 Dose Finding Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of 3 Doses of Namilumab (20 mg, 80 mg and 150 mg) in Combination With Methotrexate (MTX) in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Rheumatoid [NCT02379091]Phase 2108 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-12-17Completed
A Study to Determine the Ability of Folate Conjugates to Target Folate Receptors in Ovarian Cancer Tumors [NCT00003763]35 participants (Actual)Interventional1997-12-08Completed
[NCT00004495]84 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1999-06-30Completed
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation Trial: A Multi-center, Double-blind, Block-randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial [NCT01857310]2,370 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-06-30Completed
COordinated Nivolumab and IntraperiToneal IL-2 for Gastric CanceR With PeritOneaL Metastasis (CONTROL) Phase 1b Pilot Study [NCT05802056]Phase 115 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-11-29Recruiting
Is Natural Folate as Effective as Synthetic Folic Acid in Increasing Serum and Red Blood Cell Folate Concentrations During Pregnancy? A Proof-of-concept Pilot Study [NCT04022135]60 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-09-16Completed
A Prospective Study of FOLFIRI Plus Panitumumab in Extended RAS Wild Type and BRAF Wild Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer With Acquired Resistance to Prior Cetuximab (or Panitumumab) Plus Irinotecan-Based Therapy and Who Failed at Least One Subsequent Non [NCT02508077]Phase 21 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-02-16Terminated(stopped due to Poor Accrual)
A Pilot Study of Zimberelimab and Quemliclustat Combination With Chemotherapy in Patients With Borderline Resectable and Locally Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma [NCT05688215]Phase 1/Phase 256 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-03-07Recruiting
Patient Blood Management In CARdiac sUrgical patientS: the ICARUS Study [NCT04744181]479 participants (Actual)Observational2021-01-18Completed
A 24-week Randomized, Open-Label, Parallel-Group, Active-Controlled, Exploratory, Proof-of-Mechanism Imaging Study Investigating the Efficacy of 150 mg of Namilumab Administered Subcutaneously vs Adalimumab in Patients With Moderate to Severe Early Rheuma [NCT02393378]Phase 27 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-04-08Terminated(stopped due to Strategic decision - to understand data from psoriasis study - NCT02129777 and wait for results of formal proof of concept study - NCT02379091.)
Metabolic Consequences of High-Dose Folic Acid Supplementation on Kinetics of 1-Carbon Metabolism [NCT01687127]25 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-01-01Not yet recruiting
Phase II Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Study Examining the Safety and Efficacy of Natrunix Versus Methotrexate (+Folate) for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis [NCT05363917]Phase 2150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-06-15Not yet recruiting
An Examination of Changes in Urinary Metabolites With Use of Folinic Acid in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) [NCT03771560]Phase 2/Phase 318 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-02-15Completed
A Phase II Clinical Trial Evaluating Overall Survival With Therasphere® In Conjunction With 2nd-Line FOLFOX In Patients With Gemcitabine-Refractory Pancreatic Carcinoma With Liver Metastases [NCT01581307]Phase 29 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-04-30Completed
A Phase III Randomized Trial of Pulse Actinomycin-D Versus Multi-day Methotrexate for the Treatment of Low-Risk Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia [NCT01535053]Phase 357 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-06-18Completed
The Use of Intravenous Vitamin B Complex Improves Renal Recovery in Patients With Acute Kidney Injury [NCT04893733]Phase 4180 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-09-01Recruiting
Efficacy Assessment of Systematic Treatment With Folinic Acid and Thyroid Hormone on Psychomotor Development of Down Syndrome Young Children [NCT01576705]Phase 3175 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-04-02Completed
A Phase II Study of Neo-adjuvant Therapy With Oxaliplatin, Leucovorin, 5-Fluorouracil, Panitumumab (Vectibix) and Radiation in Patients With Locally Advanced Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus or Gastroesophageal Junction [NCT01307956]Phase 211 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-02-28Terminated(stopped due to Drug manufacturer - Amgen requested study stop, per DSMB observation in POWER trial)
Randomized Controlled Blind End Point Study of Enalapril Folic Acid Tablets Combined With Calcium Antagonist or Diuretic to Prevent Stroke in Patients With Type H Hypertension [NCT04952051]Phase 31,000 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-07-01Completed
The Clinical and Biochemical Effects of Folic Acid on Sudanese Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) [NCT03268733]Phase 1/Phase 290 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-09-01Recruiting
Biodistribution, Tumor Detection, and Radiation Dosimentry of [18F]-AZAFOL as POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) Tracer in Folate Receptor Positive Cancer Imaging [NCT03242993]Phase 115 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-04-01Completed
Suitability of an Infant Formula With L-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate for the Particular Nutritional Use in Infants [NCT02437721]360 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-05-31Completed
An Open-label Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Re-treatments With Rituximab (MabThera®/Rituxan®) in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis [NCT02093026]Phase 2465 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-08-31Completed
Intrathecal Pemetrexed for Recurrent Leptomeningeal Metastasis From Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Prospective Pilot Clinical Trial [NCT03101579]Phase 113 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-03-01Completed
Randomized Phase II Selection Study of Ramucirumab and Paclitaxel Versus FOLFIRI in Refractory Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma [NCT04205968]Phase 294 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-06-01Recruiting
School-Based Assessment of Micronutrient Interventions in Adolescents (SAMIA) in Zanzibar [NCT05104554]2,940 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-03-10Recruiting
Phase I Study of Escalated Pharmacologic Dose, of Oral Folinic Acid in Combination With Temozolomide, According to Stupp R. Regimen, in Patients With Operated Grade-IV Astocytoma and a Non-methylated Gene Status of MGMT. [NCT01700569]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-01-31Terminated(stopped due to changing the standard of care)
Study of Endostar Combined With mFOLFOX6 for First-line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and Efficacy Prediction [NCT01832948]Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-01-31Recruiting
A Phase IIb, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Adaptive, Study of the Efficacy and Safety of GSK3196165 in Combination With Methotrexate Therapy, in Subjects With Active Moderate-Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis Despite Treatment With Methotrexate [NCT02504671]Phase 2222 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-07-23Completed
MTHFR Gene Mutation C6777T and Concentration of Vitamin B12, Folic Acid, Homocysteine and High Sensitive CRP in the Blood of Pregnant Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. [NCT04952324]100 participants (Actual)Observational [Patient Registry]2020-09-01Completed
NeoOPTIMIZE: An Open-Label, Phase II Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Adaptive Switching of FOLFIRINOX or Gemcitabine/Nab-Paclitaxel as a Neoadjuvant Strategy for Patients With Resectable and Borderline Resectable/Locally Advanced Unresectable Pancreatic C [NCT04539808]Phase 260 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-05-27Recruiting
A Randomised Study to Assess the Efficacy of Cetuximab Rechallenge in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (RAS Wild-type) Responding to First-line Treatment With FOLFIRI Plus Cetuximab [NCT02934529]Phase 3673 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-03-31Active, not recruiting
A Phase I, Randomised, Open-Label, Single-Dose, Two-Treatment, Two-Way Crossover, Two-Stage Study to Evaluate the Bioequivalence of Onivyde (Irinotecan Liposome Injection) Manufactured at Two Different Sites Administered in Combination With Anti-Cancer Ag [NCT05383352]Phase 1122 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-05-30Recruiting
A Phase III Randomized Trial for Newly Diagnosed High Risk B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL) Including a Stratum Evaluating Dasatinib (NSC#732517) in Patients With Ph-like Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) Sensitive Mutations [NCT02883049]Phase 35,937 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-02-29Active, not recruiting
A Phase II Study Of Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy And Radiation In Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer [NCT00089024]Phase 229 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-02-25Completed
A Prospective Phase II/III Randomized, Blinded Study to Demonstrate the Safety and Effectiveness of Jobelyn ( a Herbal Preparation ) in Pre-operative Management of Anaemia in Gynaecological Patients [NCT01670955]Phase 273 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-12-31Completed
Effects of Inositol Alone or Associated With Alpha-lipoic Acid in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Treatment [NCT04881851]90 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-05-07Recruiting
A Prospective, Randomised, Controlled, Open-label, Multicentre Study to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety and Patient-Reported Outcomes of Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) With 177Lu-Edotreotide Compared to Best Standard of Care in Patients With Well- [NCT04919226]Phase 3202 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-12-21Recruiting
Development of a Novel Folic Acid Wound Dressing to Enhance Nitric Oxide Bioactivity Required for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Wound Healing [NCT04723134]Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-12-01Recruiting
Understanding Effects of Folic Acid on the Methylosome and Transcriptome of Women With Spina Bifida Affected Pregnancies [NCT05500690]50 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-10-08Recruiting
Effects of Oral Inositol Supplementation on Spontaneous Reproductive Outcomes in Infertile Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Women. [NCT03598374]80 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-01-01Not yet recruiting
An Open Label, Multicenter, Phase 2 Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of IMC-1121B in Combination With 5-FU/FA and Oxaliplatin (Modified FOLFOX-6) as First-line Therapy in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer [NCT00862784]Phase 248 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-04-30Completed
A Prospective, Multi-centric, Phase Ⅲ, Randomized, Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Second-Line Adjuvant Therapy With Nab-Paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine (AG) Versus Oxaliplatin Plus Folinic Acid and Fluorouracil (OFF) for Gemcitabine-R [NCT02506842]Phase 3300 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-06-30Recruiting
A Phase 3 Randomized Trial of Inotuzumab Ozogamicin (NSC#: 772518) for Newly Diagnosed High-Risk B-ALL; Risk-Adapted Post-Induction Therapy for High-Risk B-ALL, Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia, and Disseminated B-LLy [NCT03959085]Phase 34,772 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-10-31Recruiting
Mature B-Cell Lymphoma And Leukemia Study III [NCT01046825]Phase 2/Phase 3128 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-09-09Active, not recruiting
Effect of Preoperative Intervention With Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 on Postoperative Neurobehavioral Changes in Children [NCT04456985]360 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-06-01Recruiting
Changes in Hematologic Profile, Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Level in Cirrhotic Patients Received Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir With or Without Ribavirin [NCT03283176]50 participants (Actual)Observational2018-03-01Completed
Phase I / II Dose Escalation of Oxaliplatin Via a Laparoscopic Approach of Aerosol Pressurized Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Nonresectable Peritoneal Metastases of Digestive Cancers (Stomach, Hail and Colorectal) [NCT03294252]Phase 1/Phase 234 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-05-24Terminated(stopped due to The 34 patients included had all completed their treatment period under the protocol and the data could be collected to assess the main objective and the secondary objectives before the last theoretical follow-up.)
Open Label Randomized Bioequivalence Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetic and Safety Profile of Bevacizumab Biosimilar (BEVZ92) vs Bevacizumab (AVASTIN®), Both With FOLFOX or FOLFIRI, in First-line Treatment for mCRC Patients [NCT02069704]Phase 1142 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-10-29Completed
Effect of Folic Acid Supplementation on Plasma Homocysteine Level in Obese Children: a Randomized Double Blinded Placebo Controlled Trial [NCT01766310]Phase 450 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-12-31Completed
Effects of Oral Inositol Supplementation on Obstetrics Outcomes in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women After Spontaneous Conception [NCT03585738]80 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-01-01Not yet recruiting
A Randomized, Phase II, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating The Efficacy And Safety Of Onartuzumab (MetMAb) In Combination With 5-Fluorouracil, Folinic Acid, And Oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6) In Patients With Metastatic HER2-Negative G [NCT01590719]Phase 2123 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-07-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multiple-dose Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of AMG 827 in Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis and an Inadequate Response to Methotrexate [NCT00950989]Phase 2252 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-12-30Completed
B-Complex: A Nutraceutical SANS Countermeasure [NCT05366933]Phase 116 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-08-01Recruiting
A Phase 2, Single-Arm Study of Pralatrexate in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Relapsed Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder [NCT00722553]Phase 230 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-07-31Completed
FASTERCC: Folic Acid Supplement Versus Placebo for Treating Mucositis Adverse Events in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Receiving Targeted Therapy. A Randomized, Double-blind Trial From the Danish Renal Cancer Group (DARENCA Study-4) [NCT03581773]Phase 2100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-12-20Recruiting
Effectiveness of Quadruple Fortified Salt in Improving Hemoglobin Levels Among Anemic Women of Reproductive Age (18-49 Years) in Rural Low Resource Setting [NCT04404751]174 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-08-23Completed
A Randomized, Double-Masked and Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Sarilumab Administered Subcutaneously Every 2 Weeks in Patients With Non-Infectious, Intermediate, Posterior or Pan-Uveitis (NIU) [NCT01900431]Phase 258 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-10-31Completed
Randomized Phase II Trial of Single Agent MEK Inhibitor Trametinib (GSK1120212) Vs 5-Fluorouracil or Capecitabine in Refractory Advanced Biliary Cancer [NCT02042443]Phase 253 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-02-28Completed
The Effect of Folinic Acid Rescue Following Methotrexate (MTX) Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD) Prophylaxis on Regimen Related Toxicity and Transplantation Outcome: a Double Blind Randomized Controlled Study [NCT02506231]Phase 2/Phase 3160 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-10-31Not yet recruiting
The Effects of Zinc Supplementation in Children With Sickle Cell Disease in Western Kenya: a Pilot Study [NCT03293641]40 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-05-20Completed
Trial Evaluating Folic Acid Supplementation by Concomitant Administration of Ethinyl Estradiol + Levonorgestrel (Ethinyl Estradiol + Levonorgestrel + Folic Acid - Coated Tablet - 0.02 mg + 0.10 mg + 0.4 mg; Biolab Sanus Farmaceutica Ltda) in Female Volunt [NCT03359057]Phase 336 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-02-26Completed
Imaging Companion Study To ACTG A5314: Effect of Reducing Inflammation With Low Dose Methotrexate on Inflammatory Markers and Endothelial Function in Treated and Suppressed HIV Infection [NCT02312219]35 participants (Actual)Observational2014-11-30Completed
A Prospective Randomized Phase III Trial of Maintenance Pemetrexed Versus Observation in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Who Completed First Line Platinum-based Chemotherapy Without Disease Progression [NCT03193788]Phase 374 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-01-31Recruiting
A Phase II, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of RO5520985 (Vanucizumab) Plus FOLFOX Versus Bevacizumab Plus FOLFOX in Patients With Previously Untreated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer [NCT02141295]Phase 2197 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-06-30Terminated
A Study to Evaluate the Potential of Concomitant Ramucirumab to Affect the Pharmacokinetics of Irinotecan and Its Metabolite SN-38 When Coadministered With Folinic Acid and 5 Fluorouracil in Patients With Advanced Malignant Solid Tumors [NCT01634555]Phase 229 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-10-31Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

TrialOutcome
NCT00075725 (7) [back to overview]Correlation of Early Marrow Response Status With MRD Negative.
NCT00075725 (7) [back to overview]Correlation of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Positive With Overall Survival (OS)
NCT00075725 (7) [back to overview]Correlation of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Positive With Event Free Survival (EFS)
NCT00075725 (7) [back to overview]Correlation of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Negative With Overall Survival (OS).
NCT00075725 (7) [back to overview]Correlation of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Negative With Event Free Survival (EFS).
NCT00075725 (7) [back to overview]Correlation of Early Marrow Response Status With MRD Positive.
NCT00075725 (7) [back to overview]Comparison of the Increase in Cure Rate of High Risk ALL Without Causing More Serious Side Effects Between Interventions
NCT00081289 (18) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Grade 3+ Treatment-related Adverse Events Preoperatively
NCT00081289 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ-CR38 Defecation Symptom Score at Post-operative Chemotherapy
NCT00081289 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ-CR38 Defecation Symptom Score at Completion of Chemoradiation
NCT00081289 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in QLQ-C30 Global Health Status Score at Completion of Chemoradiation
NCT00081289 (18) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Grade 3+ Treatment-related Adverse Events Postoperatively
NCT00081289 (18) [back to overview]Distant Failure Rate at 4 Years
NCT00081289 (18) [back to overview]Disease-free Survival Rate at 4 Years
NCT00081289 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in QLQ-C30 Global Health Status Score at Two Years
NCT00081289 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in QLQ-C30 Global Health Status Score at Completion of Post-operative Chemotherapy
NCT00081289 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ-CR38 Gastro-intestinal Symptom Score at Two Years
NCT00081289 (18) [back to overview]Local-regional Failure Rate at 4 Years
NCT00081289 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ-CR38 Gastro-intestinal Symptom Score at Completion of Post-operative Chemotherapy
NCT00081289 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ-CR38 Gastro-intestinal Symptom Score at Completion of Chemoradiation
NCT00081289 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ-CR38 Defecation Symptom Score at Two Years
NCT00081289 (18) [back to overview]Pathologic Complete Response Rate
NCT00081289 (18) [back to overview]Second Primary Rate at 4 Years
NCT00081289 (18) [back to overview]Survival Rate at 4 Years
NCT00081289 (18) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Grade 3+ Treatment-related Adverse Events
NCT00089024 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Grade 3-4 Toxicity While Receiving the Study Treatment
NCT00089024 (2) [back to overview]Surgical Exploration
NCT00096278 (2) [back to overview]Survival
NCT00096278 (2) [back to overview]Disease-free Survival
NCT00097669 (1) [back to overview]Non-fatal Stroke, Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction or Death Due to Vascular Causes
NCT00103285 (10) [back to overview]Event-free Survival (EFS) for SR-Low Patients
NCT00103285 (10) [back to overview]Event-Free Survival Probability According to MRD Status End Induction (Day 29)
NCT00103285 (10) [back to overview]Event-free Survival (EFS) for SR-High Patients.
NCT00103285 (10) [back to overview]Overall Survival Probability (OS) According to Induction Day 29 MRD Status
NCT00103285 (10) [back to overview]Event-free Survival (EFS) for SR-Average ALL Patients
NCT00103285 (10) [back to overview]Event-Free Survival (EFS) for Low MRD (Negative) Subjects by Genetic Subset (TEL/Trisomy Positive vs Negative)
NCT00103285 (10) [back to overview]Event-free Survival (EFS) for SR-Average ALL Patients
NCT00103285 (10) [back to overview]Health-related Quality of Life Relative to Physical, Social and Emotional Impairment
NCT00103285 (10) [back to overview]Optimal Time Point for Advance Health Related Quality of Life Intervention
NCT00103285 (10) [back to overview]Early Marrow Status (EMS) by MRD Status End Induction (Day 29)
NCT00124072 (1) [back to overview]Major Vascular Events (MVE)
NCT00143403 (2) [back to overview]Disease Free Survival (DFS)
NCT00143403 (2) [back to overview]Overall Survival Rates
NCT00154102 (15) [back to overview]Overall Survival Time (OS)
NCT00154102 (15) [back to overview]Participants With No Residual Tumor After Metastatic Surgery
NCT00154102 (15) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival Time (Chinese V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) Wild-Type Population) - Independent Review Committee (IRC) Assessments
NCT00154102 (15) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival Time (KRAS Mutant Population) - Independent Review Committee (IRC) Assessments
NCT00154102 (15) [back to overview]Safety - Number of Patients Experiencing Any Adverse Event
NCT00154102 (15) [back to overview]Quality of Life (QOL) Assessment European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 Global Health Status
NCT00154102 (15) [back to overview]Quality of Life Assessment (EORTC QLQ-C30) Social Functioning
NCT00154102 (15) [back to overview]Disease Control Rate - Independent Review Committee (IRC) Assessments
NCT00154102 (15) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS) Time - Independent Review Committee (IRC) Assessments
NCT00154102 (15) [back to overview]Best Overall Response Rate - Independent Review Committee (IRC) Assessments
NCT00154102 (15) [back to overview]Best Overall Response Rate (KRAS Mutant Population) - Independent Review Committee (IRC) Assessments
NCT00154102 (15) [back to overview]Best Overall Response Rate (KRAS Wild-Type Population) - Independent Review Committee (IRC) Assessments
NCT00154102 (15) [back to overview]Duration of Response - Independent Review Committee (IRC) Assessments
NCT00154102 (15) [back to overview]Overall Survival Time (KRAS Mutant Population)
NCT00154102 (15) [back to overview]Overall Survival Time (KRAS Wild-Type Population)
NCT00192075 (11) [back to overview]Time to Progressive Disease - Avastin Subgroup
NCT00192075 (11) [back to overview]Survival at 12 Months and 24 Months - Avastin Subgroup
NCT00192075 (11) [back to overview]Toxicity - Avastin Subgroup
NCT00192075 (11) [back to overview]Tumor Response - Avastin Subgroup
NCT00192075 (11) [back to overview]Tumor Response by Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST)
NCT00192075 (11) [back to overview]Duration of Response - A+FOLFOX4 - Avastin Subgroup
NCT00192075 (11) [back to overview]Progression-Free Survival - Avastin Subgroup
NCT00192075 (11) [back to overview]Progression-Free Survival
NCT00192075 (11) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00192075 (11) [back to overview]Duration of Response
NCT00192075 (11) [back to overview]Time to Progressive Disease
NCT00216099 (8) [back to overview]Time to Progression
NCT00216099 (8) [back to overview]Time to Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)/Serological Progression
NCT00216099 (8) [back to overview]Best Overall PSA Response
NCT00216099 (8) [back to overview]RFC1 G80A Genotype
NCT00216099 (8) [back to overview]OBJECTIVE Overall Response Rate
NCT00216099 (8) [back to overview]Safety and Tolerability
NCT00216099 (8) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00216099 (8) [back to overview]Rate of Clinical Benefit
NCT00227019 (3) [back to overview]Incidence of Central Nervous System (CNS) Hemorrhagic Events
NCT00227019 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT00227019 (3) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS)
NCT00249288 (14) [back to overview]Correlation Between Baseline Blood Folate Levels and Dietary Intake
NCT00249288 (14) [back to overview]Correlations Between Baseline Blood Homocysteine Levels and Clinical Ratings of Negative Symptoms by Comparing Lab Levels in Deficit Syndrome Versus Non-deficit Syndrome Patients
NCT00249288 (14) [back to overview]Correlation Between Baseline Homocysteine Levels and Smoking Status
NCT00249288 (14) [back to overview]Correlation Between Baseline Blood Homocysteine Levels and Dietary Intake
NCT00249288 (14) [back to overview]Correlation Between Baseline Blood B12 Levels and MTHFR Genotype
NCT00249288 (14) [back to overview]Correlation Between Baseline Blood Folate or B12 Levels and Dietary Intake
NCT00249288 (14) [back to overview]Correlation Between Baseline Serum B12 Levels and Dietary Intake
NCT00249288 (14) [back to overview]Correlation Between Baseline Serum B12 Levels and Smoking Status
NCT00249288 (14) [back to overview]Correlations Between Baseline Blood B12 Levels and Clinical Ratings of Negative Symptoms by Comparing Lab Levels in Deficit Syndrome Versus Non-deficit Syndrome Patients
NCT00249288 (14) [back to overview]Correlation Between Baseline Blood Homocysteine Levels and MTHFR Genotype
NCT00249288 (14) [back to overview]Correlation Between Baseline Blood Folate and Smoking Status
NCT00249288 (14) [back to overview]Correlation Between Baseline Blood Folate and MTHFR Genotype
NCT00249288 (14) [back to overview]Efficacy of Folate Supplementation for Reducing Negative Symptoms as Measured by the SANS Modified Total
NCT00249288 (14) [back to overview]Correlations Between Baseline Blood Folate and Clinical Ratings of Negative Symptoms by Comparing Lab Levels in Deficit Syndrome Versus Non-deficit Syndrome Patients
NCT00265850 (2) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00265850 (2) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS)
NCT00321685 (5) [back to overview]5-year Recurrence-free Survival Rate
NCT00321685 (5) [back to overview]5-year Overall Survival Rate
NCT00321685 (5) [back to overview]Resection Rate for T3 Rectal Cancers
NCT00321685 (5) [back to overview]Resection Rate for T4 Rectal Cancers
NCT00321685 (5) [back to overview]Pathologic Complete Response Rate
NCT00336024 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Chronic Primary Hypothyroidism/Subclinical Compensatory HypothyroidismHypothyroidism/Subclinical Compensatory Hypothyroidism
NCT00336024 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Chronic Low Somatomedin C
NCT00336024 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Chronic Diabetes Insipidus
NCT00336024 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Chronic Central Hypothyroidism
NCT00336024 (10) [back to overview]Rates of Nutritional Toxicities
NCT00336024 (10) [back to overview]Rates of Gastrointestinal Toxicities
NCT00336024 (10) [back to overview]Median/Range of Patients for Total Quality of Life (QOL) Score, Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and Processing Speed Index (PSI).
NCT00336024 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Event Free Survival (EFS)
NCT00336024 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Any Acute Adverse Events
NCT00336024 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Secondary Malignancies
NCT00408005 (8) [back to overview]Disease-free Survival (DFS) for Randomized Methotrexate T-ALL Cohort (Arm I + Arm II vs. Arm III + Arm IV)
NCT00408005 (8) [back to overview]Disease-free Survival (DFS) for T-cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (T-LLy) Cohort
NCT00408005 (8) [back to overview]Disease-free Survival (DFS) for Randomized Nelarabine T-ALL Cohort (Arm I vs. Arm II vs. Arm III vs. Arm IV)
NCT00408005 (8) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of CNS Relapse for T-ALL by Risk Group
NCT00408005 (8) [back to overview]Disease-free Survival (DFS) for Randomized Nelarabine T-ALL Cohort (Arm I + Arm III vs. Arm II + Arm IV)
NCT00408005 (8) [back to overview]Disease-free Survival (DFS) for Randomized Methotrexate T-ALL Cohort (Arm I vs. Arm II vs. Arm III vs. Arm IV)
NCT00408005 (8) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of CNS Relapse for T-ALL by Risk Group
NCT00408005 (8) [back to overview]Disease-free Survival (DFS) for T-cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (T-LLy) Cohort
NCT00467363 (13) [back to overview]Molar Pregnancy
NCT00467363 (13) [back to overview]Live Birth
NCT00467363 (13) [back to overview]hCG Recognized Pregnancy
NCT00467363 (13) [back to overview]Fetal Pregnancy Loss
NCT00467363 (13) [back to overview]Ectopic Pregnancy
NCT00467363 (13) [back to overview]Early Pregnancy Loss (EPL)
NCT00467363 (13) [back to overview]Clinically Recognized Pregnancy
NCT00467363 (13) [back to overview]Stillbirth
NCT00467363 (13) [back to overview]Preeclampsia
NCT00467363 (13) [back to overview]Small for Gestational Age Infant
NCT00467363 (13) [back to overview]Abruption
NCT00467363 (13) [back to overview]Preterm Birth
NCT00467363 (13) [back to overview]Pregnancy Losses Occurring Less Than 10 Weeks
NCT00481871 (3) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS) Time
NCT00481871 (3) [back to overview]Objective Responses Assessed by International Workshop Criteria (IWC)
NCT00481871 (3) [back to overview]Duration of Response
NCT00500292 (1) [back to overview]Number of Patients With an Objective Disease Progression Event
NCT00525785 (1) [back to overview]Complete Pathologic Response Rate
NCT00557193 (10) [back to overview]Describe in Vitro Sensitivity as a Molecular Mechanism of Primary Resistance to Lestaurtinib in Leukemic Blasts
NCT00557193 (10) [back to overview]Number of Patients Who Experienced Lestaurtinib-related Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT)
NCT00557193 (10) [back to overview]Percent Probability for Event-free Survival (EFS) for Patients on Arm A
NCT00557193 (10) [back to overview]Percent Probability for Event-free Survival (EFS) for Patients on Arm C at Dose Level 2 (DL2)
NCT00557193 (10) [back to overview]Percent Probability of Event Free Survival (EFS) by MRD Status and Treatment Arm
NCT00557193 (10) [back to overview]Pharmacodynamics PIA Levels in Infants Given Lestaurtinib at DL2 in Combination With Chemotherapy
NCT00557193 (10) [back to overview]Percent Probability for Event-free Survival (EFS) of MLL-R Infants Treated With Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Lestaurtinib at DL2
NCT00557193 (10) [back to overview]Describe FLT3 Protein Expression as a Molecular Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to Lestaurtinib in Leukemic Blasts
NCT00557193 (10) [back to overview]Describe FLT3 Protein Expression as a Molecular Mechanism of Primary Resistance to Lestaurtinib in Leukemic Blasts
NCT00557193 (10) [back to overview]Describe in Vitro Sensitivity as a Molecular Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to Lestaurtinib in Leukemic Blasts
NCT00578305 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Improvement in Synovitis at Weeks 24 and 52
NCT00578305 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Improvement in Osteitis at Weeks 24 and 52
NCT00578305 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Good, Moderate, or no Response at Weeks 24 and 52
NCT00578305 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With an Improvement of at Least 20%, 50%, or 70% in the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Score (ACR20/50/70) From Baseline at Weeks 24 and 52
NCT00578305 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants in Remission Response (Disease Activity Score 28 [DAS28] < 2.6) at Weeks 24 and 52
NCT00578305 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) Score at Weeks 24 and 52
NCT00578305 (16) [back to overview]Change in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Synovitis Score From Baseline to Weeks 12, 24, and Week 52
NCT00578305 (16) [back to overview]Change in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Osteitis Score From Baseline to Weeks 12, 24, and Week 52
NCT00578305 (16) [back to overview]Change in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Erosion Score From Baseline to Week 24
NCT00578305 (16) [back to overview]Change in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Erosion Score From Baseline to Weeks 12 and 52
NCT00578305 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) at Weeks 24 and 52
NCT00578305 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving a Major Clinical Response at Week 52
NCT00578305 (16) [back to overview]Correlation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessments and Clinical Outcome Measures
NCT00578305 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With no Progression/no Worsening in Bone Erosion at Weeks 24 and 52
NCT00578305 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With no Newly Eroded Joints at Weeks 24 and 52
NCT00578305 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Low Disease Activity (Disease Activity Score 28 [DAS28] ≤ 3.2) at Weeks 24 and 52
NCT00606502 (4) [back to overview]Adverse Events of Patients Receiving Pralatrexate vs. Erlotinib
NCT00606502 (4) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS) of Patients Receiving Pralatrexate vs. Erlotinib
NCT00606502 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS) of Patients Receiving Pralatrexate vs. Erlotinib
NCT00606502 (4) [back to overview]Response Rate (RR) to Treatment of Patients Receiving Pralatrexate vs. Erlotinib
NCT00609518 (4) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants With Best Overall Tumor Response (Response Rate)
NCT00609518 (4) [back to overview]Safety: Number of Participants With Drug-Related Grade 3 or 4 Toxicity
NCT00609518 (4) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS)
NCT00609518 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00611806 (4) [back to overview]Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS)
NCT00611806 (4) [back to overview]Positive Sub Scale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)
NCT00611806 (4) [back to overview]Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and FOLH1, MTHRF, MTR, and COMT Genotype
NCT00611806 (4) [back to overview]Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)
NCT00653068 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT00653068 (4) [back to overview]Non-hematological Toxicity Associated With Chemotherapy: Grade 3 or Higher During Protocol Therapy
NCT00653068 (4) [back to overview]Event-free Survival
NCT00653068 (4) [back to overview]Toxic Death
NCT00655980 (1) [back to overview]Non-fatal MI
NCT00720109 (5) [back to overview]Percent of Patients MRD Positive (MRD > 0.01%) at End of Consolidation
NCT00720109 (5) [back to overview]Overall EFS Rate for the Combined Cohort of Standard- and High-Risk Patients (Who Receive the Final Chosen Dose of Dasatinib)
NCT00720109 (5) [back to overview]Feasibility and Toxicity of an Intensified Chemotherapeutic Regimen Incorporating Dasatinib for Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Ph+ ALL Assessed by Examining Adverse Events
NCT00720109 (5) [back to overview]Event-Free Survival (EFS) of Patients With Standard-risk Disease Treated With Dasatinib in Combination With Intensified Chemotherapy
NCT00720109 (5) [back to overview]Contribution of Dasatinib on Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) After Induction Therapy
NCT00722553 (5) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT00722553 (5) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT00722553 (5) [back to overview]Clinical Benefit Rate (CBR)
NCT00722553 (5) [back to overview]Duration of Response (DOR)
NCT00722553 (5) [back to overview]Objective Response Rate (ORR)
NCT00792948 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT00792948 (3) [back to overview]Relapse-free Survival (RFS) After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
NCT00792948 (3) [back to overview]Continuous Complete Remission (CCR) Rate
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Follow-up Analysis of Progression Free Survival (PFS) as Assessed by Investigator
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Quality of Life (QoL)
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Objective Tumor Response
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Incidence and Intensity of Adverse Events
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Clinical Improvement.
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Time to Confirmed Objective Tumour Response
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Duration of Confirmed Objective Tumour Response
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Overall Survival (Key Secondary Endpoint)
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS) as Assessed by Central Independent Review
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Tumour Size
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Disease Control
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Dose Normalised Predose Plasma Concentration at Steady State (Cpre,ss,Norm) of Nintedanib and of Its Metabolites BIBF 1202 and BIBF 1202 Glucuronide
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Follow-up Analysis of Progression Free Survival (PFS) as Assessed by Central Independent Review
NCT00806819 (14) [back to overview]Duration of Disease Control
NCT00835185 (12) [back to overview]Duration of Response
NCT00835185 (12) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to Infinity [AUC(0-∞)] of IMC-11F8 at Study Day 1 of Cycle 1
NCT00835185 (12) [back to overview]Clearance (CL) of IMC-11F8 at Study Day 1 of Cycle 1
NCT00835185 (12) [back to overview]Half-Life (t1/2) of IMC-11F8 at Study Day 1 of Cycle 1
NCT00835185 (12) [back to overview]Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of IMC-11F8 at Study Day 1 of Cycle 1
NCT00835185 (12) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT00835185 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) (Objective Response )
NCT00835185 (12) [back to overview]Progression-Free Survival (PFS)
NCT00835185 (12) [back to overview]Serum Anti-IMC-11F8 Antibody Assessment (Immunogenicity)
NCT00835185 (12) [back to overview]Kirsten Rat Sarcoma (KRAS) Mutation Status
NCT00835185 (12) [back to overview]Volume of Distribution (Vss) of IMC-11F8 at Study Day 1 of Cycle 1
NCT00835185 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs), Serious AEs (SAEs) or Death
NCT00851084 (6) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT00851084 (6) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS) Rate at 12 Months
NCT00851084 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE)
NCT00851084 (6) [back to overview]Overall Objective Response Rate (ORR)
NCT00851084 (6) [back to overview]Immunogenicity of Intravenous (IV) Aflibercept
NCT00851084 (6) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT00860470 (10) [back to overview]Infant Mortality Through 6 mo of Age
NCT00860470 (10) [back to overview]Moderate to Late Preterm
NCT00860470 (10) [back to overview]Neonatal Mortality
NCT00860470 (10) [back to overview]Post-neonatal Mortality
NCT00860470 (10) [back to overview]Preterm Birth
NCT00860470 (10) [back to overview]Still Birth Rates
NCT00860470 (10) [back to overview]Extremely Pre-term
NCT00860470 (10) [back to overview]Small for Gestation Age
NCT00860470 (10) [back to overview]Very Pre-term
NCT00860470 (10) [back to overview]Low Birth Weight
NCT00862784 (7) [back to overview]Duration of Response
NCT00862784 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants With IMC-1121B (Ramucirumab)-Related Severe Adverse Events (SAEs)
NCT00862784 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Complete Response or Partial Response [Objective Response Rate (ORR)]
NCT00862784 (7) [back to overview]Progression-Free Survival (PFS)
NCT00862784 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants With IMC-1121B (Ramucirumab)-Related Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT00862784 (7) [back to overview]Serum Anti-IMC-1121B (Immunogenicity) at Day 1
NCT00862784 (7) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT00865189 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Surgery
NCT00865189 (11) [back to overview]Disease-Free Survival (DFS)
NCT00865189 (11) [back to overview]Number of Cycles of Chemotherapy
NCT00865189 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Died
NCT00865189 (11) [back to overview]Number of Cycles of Radiotherapy
NCT00865189 (11) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00865189 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Tumor Sterilization Defined by ypT0-N0
NCT00865189 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Local and Distant Recurrences
NCT00865189 (11) [back to overview]Number of Cycles of Induction Chemotherapy
NCT00865189 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Tumor Down-Staging (ypT0-pT2)
NCT00865189 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Second Cancer, Local or Regional Recurrence, Distant Metastasis, or Death
NCT00901394 (1) [back to overview]Change in Plasma Total Homocysteine Concentration (tHcy)
NCT00923273 (4) [back to overview]Phase I: Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of Pemetrexed
NCT00923273 (4) [back to overview]Phase I: Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of Sirolimus
NCT00923273 (4) [back to overview]Phase II: Clinical Response Rate
NCT00923273 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Serious and Non-Serious Adverse Events
NCT00932113 (6) [back to overview]Clinical Endpoints for Psoriasis: Target Lesion Score
NCT00932113 (6) [back to overview]Clinical Endpoints for Psoriasis: Photography Completed
NCT00932113 (6) [back to overview]Biologic Activity Endpoints
NCT00932113 (6) [back to overview]Clinical Endpoints for Psoriasis: % Body Surface Area
NCT00932113 (6) [back to overview]Clinical Endpoints for Psoriasis: PASI 75
NCT00932113 (6) [back to overview]Clinical Endpoints for Psoriasis: Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) Clear or Almost Clear (PGA 0-1)
NCT00950989 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs), Serious Adverse Events (SAEs), and AEs Leading to Discontinuation
NCT00950989 (8) [back to overview]PK of Brodalumab: Area Under the Curve During the Dosing Interval (AUCtau)
NCT00950989 (8) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics (PK) of Brodalumab: Maximum Observed Concentration (Cmax)
NCT00950989 (8) [back to overview]PK of Brodalumab: Time to Maximum Observed Concentration (Tmax)
NCT00950989 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With an American College of Rheumatology 70% (ACR70) Response at Week 12
NCT00950989 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With an American College of Rheumatology 50% (ACR50) Response at Week 12
NCT00950989 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With an American College of Rheumatology 20% (ACR20) Response at Week 12
NCT00950989 (8) [back to overview]Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) at Week 12
NCT00954512 (2) [back to overview]Part 2: Number of Participants With Each Type of Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST)-Determined Overall Best Response
NCT00954512 (2) [back to overview]Part 1: Number of Participants Who Experienced One or More Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT00957905 (1) [back to overview]Objective Response Rate
NCT00998946 (4) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT00998946 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT00998946 (4) [back to overview]Objective Response Rate (ORR)
NCT00998946 (4) [back to overview]Duration of Response (DOR)
NCT01057589 (6) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With a Partial Response (PR) or a Complete Response (CR)
NCT01057589 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Participant Reported European-Quality of Life 5 Dimension Instrument (EQ-5D) Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at End of Triplet Combination Therapy and End of Maintenance Therapy
NCT01057589 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer Patients (PSS-HNC)
NCT01057589 (6) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT01057589 (6) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT01057589 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Participant Reported EQ-5D Utility Score at End of Triplet Combination Therapy and End of Maintenance Therapy
NCT01061736 (5) [back to overview]Part A: Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology 20% (ACR20) Response at Week 12
NCT01061736 (5) [back to overview]Part B: Percentage of Participants Achieving a Major Clinical Response at Week 52
NCT01061736 (5) [back to overview]Part B: Percentage of Participants Achieving ACR20 Response at Week 24
NCT01061736 (5) [back to overview]Part B: Change From Baseline in Health Assessment Question Disability Index (HAQ-DI) at Week 16
NCT01061736 (5) [back to overview]Part B: Change From Baseline in Van Der Heijde Modified Total Sharp Score (mTSS) at Week 52
NCT01118624 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT01118624 (4) [back to overview]Objective Response Rate (ORR)
NCT01118624 (4) [back to overview]Incidence of Adverse Events (AEs) and Laboratory Abnormalities
NCT01118624 (4) [back to overview]Duration of Response (DOR)
NCT01165021 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With No Viable Tumor Cells in Resected Lung Tissue [Pathological Complete Remission (pCR)]
NCT01165021 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Exhibit a Downward Shift in Tumor Extent From Stage IIIAN2 to Stages IIIA, II, I, or Stage 0
NCT01165021 (5) [back to overview]Progression-Free Survival (PFS)
NCT01165021 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) [Overall Response Rate (ORR)]
NCT01165021 (5) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT01183065 (1) [back to overview]To Determine the Overall Response Rate (CR+PR)
NCT01183780 (7) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in EuroQol- 5D (EQ-5D)
NCT01183780 (7) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer [EORTC] QLQ-C30 Global Health Status
NCT01183780 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Anti-Ramucirumab Antibodies
NCT01183780 (7) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS) Time
NCT01183780 (7) [back to overview]Observed Maximum Concentration (Cmax) and Observed Minimum Concentration (Cmin) of Ramucirumab
NCT01183780 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving an Objective Response (Objective Response Rate)
NCT01183780 (7) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT01188876 (6) [back to overview]Maximum Concentration of Drug in Plasma (Cmax)
NCT01188876 (6) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT01188876 (6) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival
NCT01188876 (6) [back to overview]Treatment Related Adverse Events
NCT01188876 (6) [back to overview]Area Under the Plasma Drug Concentration-Time Curve (AUC)
NCT01188876 (6) [back to overview]Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD)
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Characterize Vincristine-associated Neuropathy in Children Undergoing Therapy for Average Risk (AR) ALL at End of Maintenance Cycle 1: Left
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Burden of Therapy in Boy AR Patients Overall at End of Therapy: Emotional
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Burden of Therapy in AR Patients Overall at End of Maintenance Cycle 7 (Boys)/End of Therapy (Girls): Emotional
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Burden of Therapy in AR Patients Overall at End of Maintenance Cycle 7 (Boys)/End of Therapy (Girls): Physical
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Burden of Therapy in AR Patients Overall at End of Maintenance Cycle 7 (Boys)/End of Therapy (Girls): Social Functioning
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Burden of Therapy in AR Patients by Vincristine Pulse Frequency Randomization Groups (4 Week vs. 12 Week) at End of Maintenance Cycle 4: Emotional
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Burden of Therapy in AR Patients by Vincristine Pulse Frequency Randomization Groups (4 Week vs. 12 Week) at End of Maintenance Cycle 4: Physical
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Burden of Therapy in AR Patients by Vincristine Pulse Frequency Randomization Groups (4 Week vs. 12 Week) at End of Maintenance Cycle 4: Social Functioning
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Burden of Therapy in AR Patients by Vincristine Pulse Frequency Randomization Groups (4 Week vs. 12 Week) at End of Maintenance Cycle 7 (Boys)/End of Therapy (Girls): Physical
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Burden of Therapy in AR Patients by Vincristine Pulse Frequency Randomization Groups (4 Week vs. 12 Week) at End of Maintenance Cycle 7 (Boys)/End of Therapy (Girls): Social Functioning
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Burden of Therapy in AR Patients Overall at End of Consolidation Therapy: Emotional
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Burden of Therapy in AR Patients Overall at End of Consolidation Therapy: Physical
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Burden of Therapy in AR Patients Overall at End of Consolidation Therapy: Social Functioning
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Burden of Therapy in AR Patients Overall at End of Maintenance Cycle 1: Emotional
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Burden of Therapy in AR Patients Overall at End of Maintenance Cycle 1: Physical
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Burden of Therapy in AR Patients Overall at End of Maintenance Cycle 1: Social Functioning
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Burden of Therapy in AR Patients Overall at End of Maintenance Cycle 4: Emotional
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Burden of Therapy in AR Patients Overall at End of Maintenance Cycle 4: Physical
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Burden of Therapy in AR Patients Overall at End of Maintenance Cycle 4: Social Functioning
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Burden of Therapy in Boy AR Patients by Vincristine Pulse Frequency Randomization Groups (4 Week vs. 12 Week) at End of Therapy: Emotional
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Burden of Therapy in Boy AR Patients by Vincristine Pulse Frequency Randomization Groups (4 Week vs. 12 Week) at End of Therapy: Physical
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Burden of Therapy in Boy AR Patients by Vincristine Pulse Frequency Randomization Groups (4 Week vs. 12 Week) at End of Therapy: Social Functioning
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Burden of Therapy in AR Patients by Vincristine Pulse Frequency Randomization Groups (4 Week vs. 12 Week) at End of Maintenance Cycle 7 (Boys)/End of Therapy (Girls): Emotional
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Sample Collection of Central Path Review Slides in B-LLy Patients
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS) for B-LLy Patients
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Event Free Survival (EFS) for B-LLy Patients
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Disease Free Survival (DFS) in Average Risk (AR) Patients Based on the Methotrexate Dose Randomization
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]DFS in Low Risk (LR) Patients Based on Randomization to 1 of 2 Low-intensity Regimens
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Characterize Vincristine-associated Neuropathy in Children Undergoing Therapy for Average Risk (AR) ALL at End of Consolidation Therapy-Right
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Characterize Vincristine-associated Neuropathy in Children Undergoing Therapy for Average Risk (AR) ALL at End of Consolidation Therapy-Left
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Characterize Vincristine-associated Neuropathy in Children Undergoing Therapy for Average Risk (AR) ALL 12 Months Post Therapy: Right
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Characterize Vincristine-associated Neuropathy in Children Undergoing Therapy for Average Risk (AR) ALL 12 Months Post Therapy: Left
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Burden of Therapy in Boy AR Patients Overall at End of Therapy: Social Functioning
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Burden of Therapy in Boy AR Patients Overall at End of Therapy: Physical
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]DFS in Average Risk (AR) Patients Based on the Pulse Frequency Randomization
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]DFS for SR Down Syndrome Patients With Standardized Treatment and Enhanced Supportive Care
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Characterize Vincristine-associated Neuropathy in Children Undergoing Therapy for Average Risk (AR) ALL by Vincristine Pulse Frequency Randomization Groups (4 Week vs. 12 Week) at End of Maintenance Cycle 7 (Boys)/End of Therapy (Girls): Right
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Characterize Vincristine-associated Neuropathy in Children Undergoing Therapy for Average Risk (AR) ALL by Vincristine Pulse Frequency Randomization Groups (4 Week vs. 12 Week) at End of Maintenance Cycle 7 (Boys)/End of Therapy (Girls): Left
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Characterize Vincristine-associated Neuropathy in Children Undergoing Therapy for Average Risk (AR) ALL at End of Maintenance Cycle 7 (Boys)/End of Therapy (Girls): Right
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Characterize Vincristine-associated Neuropathy in Children Undergoing Therapy for Average Risk (AR) ALL at End of Maintenance Cycle 7 (Boys)/End of Therapy (Girls): Left
NCT01190930 (41) [back to overview]Characterize Vincristine-associated Neuropathy in Children Undergoing Therapy for Average Risk (AR) ALL at End of Maintenance Cycle 1: Right
NCT01194453 (2) [back to overview]Response Rate
NCT01194453 (2) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT01198574 (3) [back to overview]Haemoglobin Level
NCT01198574 (3) [back to overview]Status of Tissue Iron Store
NCT01198574 (3) [back to overview]Status of Cellular Iron Deficiency
NCT01217814 (1) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetic (PK) Parameter: Serum Concentration of Functional and Bound Sarilumab
NCT01228734 (5) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS) Time
NCT01228734 (5) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS) Time
NCT01228734 (5) [back to overview]Best Overall Response Rate (ORR)
NCT01228734 (5) [back to overview]Time to Treatment Failure (TTF)
NCT01228734 (5) [back to overview]Number of Subjects With Curative Surgery of Liver Metastases
NCT01256398 (6) [back to overview]Probability of Being BCR-ABL Negative in the Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood at the Completion of the CNS Prophylaxis Course (Restricted to Those Patients Achieving a CR)
NCT01256398 (6) [back to overview]Response
NCT01256398 (6) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT01256398 (6) [back to overview]Disease Free Survival (DFS)
NCT01256398 (6) [back to overview]Disease Free Survival Defined From the Date of First Induction Complete Response (CR) to Relapse or Death Due to Any Cause
NCT01256398 (6) [back to overview]Feasibility of Maintenance Therapy in This Patient Population (Restricted to Those Patients Achieving a CR). Feasibility Will be Defined as the Number of Deaths Ocuring.
NCT01258660 (8) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants With RBC Folate Below 906 Nmol/L in the Yasmin + Metafolin Group in the Folate Elimination Phase (Week 24 to 44)
NCT01258660 (8) [back to overview]Homocysteine Concentrations in Plasma at Baseline and at the End of Treatment (Week 24) With Metafolin
NCT01258660 (8) [back to overview]Homocysteine Concentrations in Plasma at Baseline and at the End of Treatment (Week 24) With Folic Acid
NCT01258660 (8) [back to overview]Folate Metabolite Pattern in Plasma at Cycle 6
NCT01258660 (8) [back to overview]Folate Metabolite Pattern in Plasma at Cycle 3
NCT01258660 (8) [back to overview]Folate Metabolite Pattern in Plasma at Baseline
NCT01258660 (8) [back to overview]Area Under the Curve From Time 0 to 24 Weeks [AUC(0-24weeks)] for Plasma Folate and RBC (Red Blood Cell) Folate (Baseline Corrected)
NCT01258660 (8) [back to overview]Area Under the Curve (AUC) From Time 0 to 24 Weeks [AUC(0-24weeks)] for Plasma Folate and RBC (Red Blood Cell) Folate (Baseline Uncorrected)
NCT01276379 (5) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival
NCT01276379 (5) [back to overview]Response Duration
NCT01276379 (5) [back to overview]Secondary Biomarkers Analysis
NCT01276379 (5) [back to overview]Frequency of Adverse Events
NCT01276379 (5) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT01289821 (6) [back to overview]Duration of Response (DOR)
NCT01289821 (6) [back to overview]Disease Control (DC)
NCT01289821 (6) [back to overview]Duration of Stable Disease (DOSD)
NCT01289821 (6) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS)
NCT01289821 (6) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT01289821 (6) [back to overview]Objective Response (OR)
NCT01307956 (4) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival
NCT01307956 (4) [back to overview]Complete Pathological Response (pCR) Rate
NCT01307956 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT01307956 (4) [back to overview]Number of Patients Who Can Undergo Resection
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]Periventricular Leukomalacia
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]Perinatal Mortality
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]Intrauterine Growth Restriction (<10th Percentile)
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]Composite Severe Adverse Fetal/Neonatal Outcome
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]Early Onset Sepsis
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzyme Levels & Low Platelet Count)
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Admission
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]Neonatal Death
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]Neonatal Death
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]Need for Oxygen at 28 Days
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]Necrotising Enterocolitis
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]Length of Stay in 'High Level' Neonatal Care Unit
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH)
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]Intrauterine Growth Restriction (<3rd Percentile)
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]Maternal Death
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]Antenatal Inpatient Length of Stay
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]Ventilation
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]Stillbirth
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]Spontaneous Abortion
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]Severe Preeclampsia
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]Retinopathy of Prematurity
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]Preterm Birth
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]Premature Rupture of Membranes
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]Preeclampsia
NCT01355159 (25) [back to overview]Placenta Abruption
NCT01356966 (3) [back to overview]Change in Resting Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity (MSNA)
NCT01356966 (3) [back to overview]Change in Mean Central Augmentation Index (AIx)
NCT01356966 (3) [back to overview]Change in Heart-rate-corrected Augmentation Index (AIx)
NCT01436266 (1) [back to overview]Blood Loss
NCT01535053 (6) [back to overview]Patient-reported Quality of Life (QOL) After Baseline Visit.
NCT01535053 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Complete Response
NCT01535053 (6) [back to overview]Patient-reported Quality of Life (QOL) at Baseline
NCT01535053 (6) [back to overview]The Number of Participants With Post Protocol Multi-agent Chemotherapy Treatment for Each Arm.
NCT01535053 (6) [back to overview]The Number of Participants With Post Protocol Surgical Treatment for Each Arm.
NCT01535053 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With CTCAE v4 Graded Adverse Events With Low-risk Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia by Arm
NCT01576705 (2) [back to overview]GMDS (Griffiths Mental Development Scale)
NCT01576705 (2) [back to overview]BL (Brunet Lezine Revised Scale)
NCT01581307 (3) [back to overview]Median Overall Survival (OS)
NCT01581307 (3) [back to overview]Rate of Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT01581307 (3) [back to overview]Overall Response Rate (ORR)
NCT01634555 (6) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Dose-Normalized AUC(0-∞) of Irinotecan and Its Metabolite SN-38 in Cycle 2
NCT01634555 (6) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Dose-Normalized Cmax of Irinotecan and Its Metabolite SN-38 in Cycle 2
NCT01634555 (6) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Dose-Normalized Maximum Observed Drug Concentration (Cmax) of Irinotecan and Its Metabolite SN-38 in Cycle 1
NCT01634555 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Anti-Drug Antibodies (TE-ADA)
NCT01634555 (6) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Cmax of Ramucirumab (IMC-1121B)
NCT01634555 (6) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Dose-Normalized Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve of Irinotecan and Its Metabolite SN-38 From Time Zero to Infinity [AUC(0-∞)] in Cycle 1
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants Within the Categories of Increasing and Decreasing Serum Magnesium
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]PASI Change Related to Baseline Body Mass Index Above, Below and Equal to 27.3
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Category Change in Vitamin B12 Blood Level
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Fulfilled the Category of Having Height Measured
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With a Categorical Change in Static Physician Global Assessment (sPGA):
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With a Categorical DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index) Change
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Category Change in Serum Folic Acid Level.
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Category Change in Serum VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factorl)
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants Within Categories of Body Temperature Change
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]PASI Change in Participants With Baseline VEGF Above 140 pg/ml and in Participants With Normal Baseline VEGF
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants in the Categories of Normalizing, Unchanging and Newly Abnormal Electrocardiograms (EKGs)
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Particpants With a Categorical PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) Change
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants Within the Categories of Positive Urine Pregnancy Test (Urine Hcg)
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants Within the Categories of Elevated and Normal Helicobacter Pylori Antibody
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants Within the Categories of Increasing and Decreasing Serum Vitamin B6 Level
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants Within the Categories of Increasing and Decreasing Serum Phosphorus
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]EKG Categoryy Changes Related to Homocysteine Changes
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants in Categories or Increasing and Decreasing Changes Within the CBC (Complete Blood Count)
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Psoriasis Change in Participants With High H. Pylori Titers and With Normal Titers.
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants in the Categories of Having and of Not Having a Serious Adverse Event (SAE)
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants Within the Categories of Increasign and Decreasing Body Weight
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants Within the Categories of Increasing and Decreasing Blood Pressure and Pulse Measures:
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants Within the Categories of Increasing and Decreasing Serum Homocysteine
NCT01704599 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants in the Categories of Having and Not Having an Adverse Event
NCT01708278 (1) [back to overview]Participants Who Experienced Safety Concerns, Where Safety Concerns of Quercetin Supplementation is Indicated by Significant Change From Baseline Measures of Tests Indicated Below in Outcome Measure Description
NCT01711359 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Disease Activity Score 28-Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (DAS28-ESR)
NCT01711359 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) Scores (Self-Perceived Health)
NCT01711359 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) Scores
NCT01711359 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Joint Space Narrowing and Bone Erosion Scores
NCT01711359 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Mental Component Score (MCS) and Physical Component Score (PCS) of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Version 2 Acute (SF-36v2 Acute)
NCT01711359 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Modified Total Sharp Score (mTSS)
NCT01711359 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Work Productivity and Activity Impairment-Rheumatoid Arthritis (WPAI-RA) Scores
NCT01711359 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Worst Joint Pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)
NCT01711359 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Worst Tiredness Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)
NCT01711359 (22) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology 50% (ACR50) Response
NCT01711359 (22) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology 70% (ACR70) Response
NCT01711359 (22) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) Remission
NCT01711359 (22) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology 20% Improvement (ACR20)
NCT01711359 (22) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology 20% Improvement (ACR20)
NCT01711359 (22) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) Score ≤3.3
NCT01711359 (22) [back to overview]Population Pharmacokinetics (PK): Peak Concentration at Steady State (Cmax,ss) of Baricitinib
NCT01711359 (22) [back to overview]Population PK: Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve at a Dosing Interval at Steady State (AUCtau,ss) of Baricitinib
NCT01711359 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) Score
NCT01711359 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) Scores
NCT01711359 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Duration of Morning Joint Stiffness
NCT01711359 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) Score
NCT01711359 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Disease Activity Score Based on a 28-Joint Count and High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein (DAS28-hsCRP)
NCT01718873 (5) [back to overview]Objective Response Rate
NCT01718873 (5) [back to overview]Disease Control Rate
NCT01718873 (5) [back to overview]Toxic Effects
NCT01718873 (5) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS)
NCT01718873 (5) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT01733329 (4) [back to overview]Postpartum Hemorrhage
NCT01733329 (4) [back to overview]Blood Loss
NCT01733329 (4) [back to overview]Need for Additional Uterotonic Medications
NCT01733329 (4) [back to overview]Uterine Atony
NCT01765582 (7) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants Who Underwent Liver Metastases Resections
NCT01765582 (7) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants Considered by the Investigator to be Unresectable on Study Enrollment Who Subsequently Underwent Attempted Curative Resections of Metastases
NCT01765582 (7) [back to overview]Progression-Free Survival During First-Line Therapy (PFS1)
NCT01765582 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Overall Response During First-Line Therapy (ORR1)
NCT01765582 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events
NCT01765582 (7) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT01765582 (7) [back to overview]Time to PFS2
NCT01766310 (2) [back to overview]Changes of Homocysteine Level
NCT01766310 (2) [back to overview]Prevalence of Hyperhomocysteinemia
NCT01818414 (5) [back to overview]Complications
NCT01818414 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Postoperative Satisfaction
NCT01818414 (5) [back to overview]Number of Providers With Overall Satisfaction
NCT01818414 (5) [back to overview]Operative Time
NCT01818414 (5) [back to overview]Patient Pain
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Fertilization Rate Per Cycle, %
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Ectopic Pregnancy
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Early Pregnancy Loss
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Clinical Intrauterine Pregnancy
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Cesarean Delivery
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Cells on Day 3 Per Embryo Per Cycle
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Birth Weight
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Embryo Morphology on Day 5 Per Cycle, Categorical
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Percentage of Good Quality Embryos on Day 5 Per Cycle
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Number of Good Quality Embryos on Day 5 Per Cycle
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Number of Embryos Transferred Per Cycle
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Number of Embryos Cryopreserved Per Cycle
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Gestational Diabetes
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Major Neonatal Complications
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Preeclampsia or Gestational Hypertension
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Cells on Day 5 Per Embryo Per Cycle, Categorical
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Chromosomal Complement of Embryo Per Cycle
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]DNA Fragmentation Index
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Embryo Morphology on Day 3 Per Cycle, Categorical
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Live Birth
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Method of Fertilization Per Cycle
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Quality of Embryos Transferred Per Cycle, Categorical
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Gestational Age
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Neonatal Mortality
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Sperm Concentration
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Sperm Morphology
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Sperm Motility
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Detected Pregnancy (Implantation)
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Total Motile Sperm Count
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Cells on Day 3 Per Embryo Per Cycle, Categorical
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Structural Malformations
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Stillbirth
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Sperm Penetration Per Cycle, %
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Small for Gestational Age
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Severe Maternal Morbidity
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Preterm Delivery
NCT01857310 (37) [back to overview]Semen Volume
NCT01897454 (7) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT01897454 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving R0 Resection (R0 Resection Rate)
NCT01897454 (7) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT01897454 (7) [back to overview]Toxicities Associated With Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
NCT01897454 (7) [back to overview]Vascular Reconstruction
NCT01897454 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Able to Undergo Resection
NCT01897454 (7) [back to overview]Overall Response Rate
NCT01900431 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With at Least 2-step Reduction in Vitreous Haze (VH) or Prednisone Dose <10 mg/Day at Week 16
NCT01900431 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Anterior Chamber (AC) Cell Score = 0 or At Least 2-step Reduction in Score at Week 16
NCT01900431 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in VH Scale at Week 16
NCT01900431 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Central Retinal Thickness (CRT) At Week 16
NCT01900431 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Prednisone Dose of ≤5 mg/Day (or Equivalent Oral Corticosteroid) at Week 16
NCT01900431 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) Score at Week 16
NCT01900431 (8) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics (PK) Assessment: Serum Functional Sarilumab Concentration
NCT01900431 (8) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in CRT at Week 16
NCT01949116 (14) [back to overview]Absolute Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Monocyte Levels
NCT01949116 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Reactive Hyperemic (RH) Flow Rate
NCT01949116 (14) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Reached at Least One Safety Milestone Over the Duration of Study Follow-up (36 Weeks)
NCT01949116 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 12 in Brachial Artery FMD
NCT01949116 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 12 in Brachial Artery Resting Average Diameter
NCT01949116 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Brachial Artery Resting Average Diameter
NCT01949116 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Peak Reactive Hyperemic (RH) Flow Velocity
NCT01949116 (14) [back to overview]Absolute Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Homing Molecule (CX3CR1+) Expression
NCT01949116 (14) [back to overview]Absolute Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Adhesion and Activation Indices
NCT01949116 (14) [back to overview]Primary Efficacy Endpoint of Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Brachial Artery Flow-mediated Vasodilation (FMD)
NCT01949116 (14) [back to overview]Percentage Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Soluble CD 163 (sCD163)
NCT01949116 (14) [back to overview]Percentage Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
NCT01949116 (14) [back to overview]Percentage Change From Baseline to Week 24 in High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hsCRP)
NCT01949116 (14) [back to overview]Percentage Change From Baseline to Week 24 in D-Dimer
NCT01959672 (5) [back to overview]Distant Failure-free Survival
NCT01959672 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With CA-125-Specific T-cell Signal.
NCT01959672 (5) [back to overview]Surgical Complete Resection (Negative Margin) Rate
NCT01959672 (5) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT01959672 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Progressive Disease,
NCT02042443 (4) [back to overview]Objective Response Rate
NCT02042443 (4) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Grade 3 Through Grade 5 Adverse Events That Are Related to Study Drug
NCT02042443 (4) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival
NCT02042443 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT02069704 (13) [back to overview]Objective Response Rate (ORR) of BEVZ92 and Avastin®
NCT02069704 (13) [back to overview]Anti-Drug Antibody (ADA) of BEVZ92 and Avastin®
NCT02069704 (13) [back to overview]Volume of Distribution (Vd) of BEVZ92 and Avastin®
NCT02069704 (13) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS) of BEVZ92 and Avastin®
NCT02069704 (13) [back to overview]Elimination Half-life (t1/2) of BEVZ92 and Avastin®
NCT02069704 (13) [back to overview]Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) Reported With BEVZ92 and Avastin®
NCT02069704 (13) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-versus-time Curve (AUC) at Cycle 1 (AUC0-336h) of BEVZ92 and Avastin®
NCT02069704 (13) [back to overview]Cmax,sd of BEVZ92 and Avastin®
NCT02069704 (13) [back to overview]AUC at Steady State (AUCss) of BEVZ92 and Avastin®
NCT02069704 (13) [back to overview]Ctrough,ss of BEVZ92 and Avastin®
NCT02069704 (13) [back to overview]Ctrough,sd of BEVZ92 and Avastin®
NCT02069704 (13) [back to overview]Elimination Rate Constant (Kel) of BEVZ92 and Avastin®
NCT02069704 (13) [back to overview]Cmax,ss of BEVZ92 and Avastin®
NCT02093026 (14) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With ACR20 Response After Fifth Course
NCT02093026 (14) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Low Disease Activity and Clinical Remission Based on DAS28-ESR
NCT02093026 (14) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With ACR20 Response After Third Course
NCT02093026 (14) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With an American College of Rheumatology 20 (ACR20) Response After First Course
NCT02093026 (14) [back to overview]Time Since Last Treatment Course
NCT02093026 (14) [back to overview]American College of Rheumatology Index of Improvement (ACRn) Response
NCT02093026 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) Score at 24 Weeks Following Each Course
NCT02093026 (14) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With ACR50 and ACR70 Response
NCT02093026 (14) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Treatment Due to Insufficient Response
NCT02093026 (14) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Response of 'Good' or 'Moderate'
NCT02093026 (14) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With ACR20 Response After Seventh Course
NCT02093026 (14) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With ACR20 Response After Sixth Course
NCT02093026 (14) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With ACR20 Response After Second Course
NCT02093026 (14) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With ACR20 Response After Fourth Course
NCT02101853 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS) of HR and IR Relapse Patients
NCT02101853 (4) [back to overview]Disease Free Survival (DFS) of Low Risk (LR) Relapse Patients
NCT02101853 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS) of LR Relapse Patients
NCT02101853 (4) [back to overview]Disease Free Survival (DFS) of High-risk (HR) and Intermediate-risk (IR) Relapse Patients
NCT02112916 (6) [back to overview]EFS for Standard (SR) and Intermediate Risk (IR) T-ALL Patients on the Non-bortezomib Containing Arm on This Study (no Cranial Radiation Therapy [CRT]) and Similar Patients on AALL0434 (Received CRT)
NCT02112916 (6) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence Rates of Isolated Central Nervous System (CNS) Relapse for SR and IR T-ALL Patients on the Non-bortezomib Containing Arm on This Study (no CRT) and Similar Patients on AALL0434 (Receive CRT)
NCT02112916 (6) [back to overview]Toxicity Rates Associated With Modified Standard Therapy, Including Dexamethasone and Additional Pegaspargase
NCT02112916 (6) [back to overview]Event-free Survival (EFS) for Modified Augmented Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster Backbone With or Without Bortezomib in All Randomized Patients
NCT02112916 (6) [back to overview]EFS for Very High Risk (VHR) T-LLy Patients Treated With HR Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (BFM) Intensification Blocks Who Have Complete or Partial Remission and Those Who do Not Respond
NCT02112916 (6) [back to overview]EFS for Very High Risk (VHR) T-ALL Patients Treated With High Risk (HR) Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (BFM) Intensification Blocks Who Become Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Negative and Those Who Remain MRD Positive at the End of HR Block 3
NCT02141295 (14) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT02141295 (14) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Human Anti-human Antibodies (HAHAs) Against Vanucizumab
NCT02141295 (14) [back to overview]Duration of Objective Response, as Assessed Using RECIST v. 1.1
NCT02141295 (14) [back to overview]Cmax Accumulation Ratio (AR) of Vanucizumab
NCT02141295 (14) [back to overview]Plasma Clearance at Steady State (CLss) of Vanucizumab
NCT02141295 (14) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT02141295 (14) [back to overview]Minimum Observed Plasma Concentration (Clast) of Vanucizumab
NCT02141295 (14) [back to overview]Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Vanucizumab
NCT02141295 (14) [back to overview]Time to Reach Cmax (Tmax) of Vanucizumab
NCT02141295 (14) [back to overview]Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve (AUC) of Vanucizumab
NCT02141295 (14) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Objective Response (ORR) as Assessed Using RECIST v. 1.1
NCT02141295 (14) [back to overview]Volume of Distribution at Steady State (Vss) of Vanucizumab
NCT02141295 (14) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS), Time to Event
NCT02141295 (14) [back to overview]Plasma Terminal Half-Life (t1/2) of Vanucizumab
NCT02293902 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology 20 (ACR20) Response at Week 24
NCT02293902 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Electrocardiogram (ECG) Abnormalities
NCT02293902 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Electrolytes
NCT02293902 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Hematological Parameters
NCT02293902 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Liver Function Parameters
NCT02293902 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Metabolic Parameters
NCT02293902 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Renal Function Parameters
NCT02293902 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Vital Signs Abnormalities
NCT02293902 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
NCT02312219 (2) [back to overview]Change in Arterial FDG Uptake (From Baseline) in the Most Diseased Segment
NCT02312219 (2) [back to overview]Change in Arterial FDG Uptake (From Baseline) in the Aorta
NCT02373813 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in SDAI Score at All Measured Timepoints
NCT02373813 (16) [back to overview]Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) at All Measured Timepoints
NCT02373813 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With SDAI Remission (≤ 3.3) at All Measured Timepoints
NCT02373813 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Disease Worsening
NCT02373813 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Boolean Remission at All Measured Timepoints
NCT02373813 (16) [back to overview]Disease Activity Score (28 Joint) Using the C-Reactive Protein Formula (DAS28-CRP) at All Measured Timepoints
NCT02373813 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Receiving Rescue Treatment Who Experienced SDAI Remission at Week 48
NCT02373813 (16) [back to overview]Disease Activity Score (28 Joint) Calculated Using the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Formula (DAS28-ESR) at All Measured Timepoints
NCT02373813 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in DAS28-CRP at All Measured Timepoints
NCT02373813 (16) [back to overview]SDAI Score at All Measured Timepoints
NCT02373813 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in CDAI at All Measured Timepoints
NCT02373813 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With SDAI Remission (≤ 3.3) at Week 48: Etanercept and Methotrexate vs. Methotrexate Monotherapy
NCT02373813 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) Remission (≤ 3.3) at Week 48: Etanercept Monotherapy vs. Methotrexate Monotherapy
NCT02373813 (16) [back to overview]Time to Recapture SDAI Remission After Starting Rescue Treatment
NCT02373813 (16) [back to overview]Time to Disease Worsening
NCT02373813 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in DAS28-ESR at All Measured Timepoints
NCT02379091 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With a Reduction of Pain as Measured Using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at Weeks 2, 12 and 24
NCT02379091 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology 20% (ACR20), 50% (ACR 50) and 70% (ACR70) Response at Weeks 12 and 24
NCT02379091 (7) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in DAS28-CRP at Weeks 2, 6, and 10
NCT02379091 (7) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Disease Activity Score 28 C-Reactive Protein (DAS28-CRP) at Week 12
NCT02379091 (7) [back to overview]ACR Numeric (N) Index (ACRn) at Week 12
NCT02379091 (7) [back to overview]ACR Numeric (N) Index (ACRn) at Week 24
NCT02379091 (7) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in DAS28-CRP at Week 24
NCT02384850 (5) [back to overview]Overall Response Rate
NCT02384850 (5) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT02384850 (5) [back to overview]Numbers of Patients With Dose Limiting Toxicities
NCT02384850 (5) [back to overview]Number of Patients Experiencing Adverse Events
NCT02384850 (5) [back to overview]Number of Patients Still Alive at End of Study (Overall Survival)
NCT02393378 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in DAS28-CRP Score
NCT02393378 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Synovitis, Erosion and Bone Marrow Edema (Osteitis) Score at Week 24
NCT02393378 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Achieved ACR 20, 50, and 70 at Week 24
NCT02393378 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Achieved Remission at Week 24
NCT02393378 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Achieved Low Disease Activity at Week 24
NCT02393378 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Dynamic Contrast-enhanced - Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) Parameters at Week 24
NCT02467504 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events
NCT02467504 (20) [back to overview]The Change From Baseline of Patient's Assessment of Arthritis Pain (PtAAP)
NCT02467504 (20) [back to overview]The Change From Baseline of Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI)
NCT02467504 (20) [back to overview]The Change From Baseline of a Health Assessment Questionnaire- Disability Index (HAQ-DI)
NCT02467504 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Meeting the American College of Rheumatology 70% Response Criteria
NCT02467504 (20) [back to overview]The Change From Baseline of Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PtGADA)
NCT02467504 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Meeting the American College of Rheumatology 50% Response Criteria
NCT02467504 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Meeting the American College of Rheumatology 20% Response Criteria
NCT02467504 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Meeting the 2011 American College of Rheumatology/ European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) Remission Criteria Simplified for Clinical Practice
NCT02467504 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving DAS28 Low Disease Activity.
NCT02467504 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving a Good or Moderate European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Response
NCT02467504 (20) [back to overview]Work Productivity Survey - Rheumatoid Arthritis [WPS-RA]-2
NCT02467504 (20) [back to overview]The Change From Baseline of Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI)
NCT02467504 (20) [back to overview]The Change From Baseline of Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PhGADA)
NCT02467504 (20) [back to overview]The Scores of SF-36 Quetionnaire
NCT02467504 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving DAS28 Remission.
NCT02467504 (20) [back to overview]C Reactive Protein (CRP)
NCT02467504 (20) [back to overview]Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
NCT02467504 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of CD4+ Treg Cells
NCT02467504 (20) [back to overview]Work Productivity Survey - Rheumatoid Arthritis [WPS-RA]
NCT02504671 (22) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Disease Activity Score for 28 Different Joints With C-reactive Protein Value (DAS28{CRP}) Remission (DAS28 <2.6) at Week 24
NCT02504671 (22) [back to overview]Time to First DAS28(CRP) Remission
NCT02504671 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) Question 3 at All Assessment Time Points
NCT02504671 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in CDAI at All Assessment Time Points
NCT02504671 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in DAS28(CRP) at All Assessment Time Points
NCT02504671 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in DAS28(CRP) at Week 12
NCT02504671 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)-Fatigue at All Assessment Time Points
NCT02504671 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Health Assessment Questionnaire - Disability Index (HAQ-DI) at All Assessment Time Points
NCT02504671 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Pain Score at All Assessment Time Points
NCT02504671 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Physical and Mental Component Scores (PCS, MCS) and in Domain Scores of Short Form 36 (SF-36) at All Assessment Time Points
NCT02504671 (22) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in SDAI at All Assessment Time Points
NCT02504671 (22) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious AEs (SAEs)
NCT02504671 (22) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Index-based ACR/EULAR Remission Rates at All Assessment Time Points
NCT02504671 (22) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Boolean-based ACR/EULAR Remission Rates at All Assessment Time Points
NCT02504671 (22) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With American College of Rheumatology's (ACR) 20/50/70 Response Rates at All Assessment Time Points
NCT02504671 (22) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Achieved DAS28(CRP) Remission (DAS28 <2.6) at All Time Points
NCT02504671 (22) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants in Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) Remission
NCT02504671 (22) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving Categorical DAS28(CRP) Response (Moderate/Good [European League Against Rheumatism] EULAR Response) at All Assessment Time Points
NCT02504671 (22) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Worst-case Post-Baseline Results for Pulse Oximetry
NCT02504671 (22) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Pulmonary Events
NCT02504671 (22) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Opportunistic Infections
NCT02504671 (22) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Serious Infections
NCT02508077 (1) [back to overview]4-month Progression-free Survival (PFS) Rate
NCT02578680 (6) [back to overview]Overall Response Rate (ORR) Per RECIST 1.1 as Assessed by Blinded Central Imaging
NCT02578680 (6) [back to overview]Duration of Response (DOR) Per RECIST 1.1 as Assessed by Blinded Central Imaging
NCT02578680 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Discontinued Any Study Drug Due to an AE
NCT02578680 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event (AE)
NCT02578680 (6) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT02578680 (6) [back to overview]Progression-Free Survival (PFS) Per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 as Assessed by Blinded Central Imaging
NCT02620865 (3) [back to overview]Median Overall Survival (OS)
NCT02620865 (3) [back to overview]Incidence of Toxicity (CTCAE Version 4.0)
NCT02620865 (3) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT02730546 (1) [back to overview]Pathological Complete Response (PathCR) Rate
NCT02828358 (5) [back to overview]Biologic Activity, Defined as Global Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Methylation Change in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC)s; Day 1 Prior to First Course of Azacitidine
NCT02828358 (5) [back to overview]Biologic Activity, Defined as Global Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Methylation Change in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC)s; Day 1 Prior to Second Course of Azacitidine
NCT02828358 (5) [back to overview]Tolerability of Azacitidine in Combination With Interfant-06 Standard Chemotherapy in Evaluable Infant Patients With Newly Diagnosed ALL With KMT2A Gene Rearrangement (KMT2A-R). KMT2A Gene Rearrangement (KMT2A-R)
NCT02828358 (5) [back to overview]Biologic Activity, Defined as Global Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Methylation Change in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC)s; Day 5 of First Course of Azacitidine
NCT02828358 (5) [back to overview]Biologic Activity, Defined as Global Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Methylation Change in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC)s; Day 5 of Second Course of Azacitidine
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology 50% (ACR50) Response
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology 20% (ACR20) Response
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Change in Disease Activity Score From Baseline Based on 28-Joints Count and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (4 Variables) (DAS28-4 [ESR])
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Change in Disease Activity Score From Baseline Based on 28-Joints Count and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (3 Variables) (DAS28-3 [ESR])
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Change in Disease Activity Score From Baseline Based on 28-Joints Count and C-Reactive Protein (4 Variables) (DAS28-4 [CRP])
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Change in Disease Activity Score From Baseline Based on 28-Joints Count and C-Reactive Protein (3 Variables) (DAS28-3 [CRP])
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) Score
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration of GDC-0853 at Steady State (Cmax,ss)
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving ACR50 Response at Day 84, Comparison Between GDC-0853 and Adalimumab (Cohort 1)
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving ACR50 Response at Day 84, Comparison Between GDC-0853 and Placebo (Cohort 2)
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology 50% (ACR50) Response at Day 84, Comparison Between GDC-0853 and Placebo (Cohort 1)
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) Version 2.0 (V2) Scores for Physical and Mental Components
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Levels
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI)
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) Score
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Tender/Painful Joint Count (68 Joint Count)
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Patient Assessment Score of Arthritis Pain
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Patient Global Assessment Score of Arthritis Pain
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Physician's Global Assessment Score of Arthritis
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI)
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Swollen Joint Count (66 Joint Count)
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration Time Curve From Time 0 to Time 24 of GDC-0853 at Steady State (AUC0-24,ss)
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With DAS Remission
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With DAS Low Disease Activity
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Minimum Observed Plasma Concentration of GDC-0853 at Steady State (Cmin,ss)
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Meeting the SDAI-based Remission Criteria
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Meeting the CDAI-based Remission Criteria
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Meeting the Boolean-based Remission Criteria
NCT02833350 (30) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology 70% (ACR70) Response
NCT02890355 (6) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT02890355 (6) [back to overview]Overall Response Rate, ORR
NCT02890355 (6) [back to overview]Disease Control Rate
NCT02890355 (6) [back to overview]Duration of Response (DoR)
NCT02890355 (6) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT02890355 (6) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Gr 3 Through 5 Adverse Events That Are Related to Study Drugs
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview]Phase 3: Number of Participants With Shift in Visual Acuity Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (LogMAR) Score
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview]Phase 3: Number of Participants With Newly Occurring Clinically Notable Vital Sign Abnormalities
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview]Phase 3: Number of Participants With Newly Occurring Clinically Notable Electrocardiogram (ECG) Values
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview]Phase 3: Number of Participants With Clinically Notable Shifts in Serum Chemistry Laboratory Parameters
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview]Phase 3: Number of Participants With Clinically Notable Shifts in Hematology and Coagulation Laboratory Parameters
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Incidence of Dose Interruptions, Dose Modifications and Discontinuations Due to Adverse Events (AEs) - Final Analysis
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Time of Maximum Observed Concentration (Tmax) for Metabolite of Binimetinib (AR00426032)
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Time of Maximum Observed Concentration (Tmax) for Encorafenib
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Time of Maximum Observed Concentration (Tmax) for Cetuximab
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Time of Maximum Observed Concentration (Tmax) for Binimetinib
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Maximum Concentration (Cmax) for Metabolite of Binimetinib (AR00426032)
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Maximum Concentration (Cmax) for Encorafenib
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Maximum Concentration (Cmax) for Cetuximab
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Maximum Concentration (Cmax) for Binimetinib
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Zero to the Last Measurable Time Point (AUClast) for Metabolite of Binimetinib (AR00426032)
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve From Zero to the Last Measurable Time Point (AUClast) for Encorafenib
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve From Zero to the Last Measurable Time Point (AUClast) for Cetuximab
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve From Zero to the Last Measurable Time Point (AUClast) for Binimetinib
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Change From Baseline in the Participant Global Impression of Change (PGIC) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm, Doublet Arm vs Control, and Triplet vs Doublet
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Change From Baseline in the Participant Global Impression of Change (PGIC) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm, Doublet Arm vs Control, and Triplet vs Doublet
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Change From Baseline in the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colon Cancer (FACT-C) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm, Doublet Arm vs Control, and Triplet vs Doublet
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Change From Baseline in the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colon Cancer (FACT-C) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm, Doublet Arm vs Control, and Triplet vs Doublet
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Change From Baseline in the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colon Cancer (FACT-C) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm, Doublet Arm vs Control, and Triplet vs Doublet
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Change From Baseline in the EuroQol-5D-5L Visual Analog Scale (EQ-5D-5L VAS) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm, Doublet Arm vs Control, and Triplet vs Doublet
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Change From Baseline in the EuroQol-5D-5L Visual Analog Scale (EQ-5D-5L VAS) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm, Doublet Arm vs Control, and Triplet vs Doublet
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Change From Baseline in the EuroQol-5D-5L Visual Analog Scale (EQ-5D-5L VAS) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm, Doublet Arm vs Control, and Triplet vs Doublet
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Change From Baseline in the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire for Cancer Participants (QLQ-C30) Triplet Arm vs Control Arm, Doublet Arm vs Control, and Triplet vs Doublet
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Change From Baseline in the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire for Cancer Participants (QLQ-C30) Triplet Arm vs Control Arm, Doublet Arm vs Control, and Triplet vs Doublet
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Change From Baseline in the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire for Cancer Participants (QLQ-C30) Triplet Arm vs Control Arm, Doublet Arm vs Control, and Triplet vs Doublet
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Steady-State Concentration Measured Just Before the Next Dose of Study Drug (Ctrough) for Cetuximab
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Steady-State Concentration Measured Just Before the Next Dose of Study Drug (Ctrough) for Binimetinib
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Steady-State Concentration Measured Just Before the Next Dose of Study Drug (Ctrough) for a Metabolite of Binimetinib
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Duration of Response (DOR) by Investigator
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Duration of Response (DOR) by BICR
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Overall Survival (OS) of Triplet Arm vs. Control Arm - Interim Analysis
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview]Phase 3: Number of Participants With Clinically Notable Shifts in Urinalysis Laboratory Parameters
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Time to Response by Investigator
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Time to Response by BICR
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Progression-Free Survival (PFS) by Investigator
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Progression-Free Survival (PFS) by BICR
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Objective Response Rate (ORR) by Investigator
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Objective Response Rate (ORR) by BICR
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Number of Participants With Dose-Limiting Toxicities (DLTs)
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Overall Survival (OS) of Triplet Arm vs. Control Arm - Final Analysis
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Overall Survival (OS) in Triplet Arm vs. Doublet Arm
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Objective Response Rate (ORR) by Blinded Independent Central Review (BICR) Per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), v1.1 of Triplet Arm vs. Control Arm
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Evaluation of the Model-Based Oral Clearance (CL/F) for Encorafenib
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Evaluation of the Model-Based Oral Clearance (CL/F) for Binimetinib
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Evaluation of the Model-Based Clearance (CL) for Cetuximab
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Comparison of Time to Response in Triplet Arm vs Doublet Arm Per Investigator
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Comparison of Time to Response in Triplet Arm vs Doublet Arm Per BICR
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Comparison of Time to Response in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm Per Investigator
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Comparison of Time to Response in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm Per BICR
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Comparison of Time to Response in Doublet Arm vs Control Arm Per Investigator
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Comparison of Time to Response in Doublet Arm vs Control Arm Per BICR
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Comparison of Progression-Free Survival (PFS) in Triplet Arm vs Doublet Arm Per Investigator
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Comparison of Progression-Free Survival (PFS) in Triplet Arm vs Doublet Arm Per BICR
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Comparison of Progression-free Survival (PFS) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm Per Investigator
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Comparison of Progression-Free Survival (PFS) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm Per BICR
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Comparison of Progression-Free Survival (PFS) in Doublet Arm vs Control Arm Per Investigator
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Comparison of Progression-Free Survival (PFS) in Doublet Arm vs Control Arm Per BICR
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Comparison of Objective Response Rate (ORR) in Triplet Arm vs Doublet Arm Per Investigator
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Comparison of Objective Response Rate (ORR) in Triplet Arm vs Doublet Arm Per BICR
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Comparison of Objective Response Rate (ORR) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm Per Investigator
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Comparison of Objective Response Rate (ORR) in Doublet Arm vs Control Arm Per Investigator
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Comparison of Objective Response Rate (ORR) in Doublet Arm vs Control Arm Per BICR
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Comparison of Duration of Response (DOR) in Triplet Arm vs Doublet Arm by Investigator
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Comparison of Duration of Response (DOR) in Triplet Arm vs Doublet Arm by BICR
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Comparison of Duration of Response (DOR) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm Per Investigator
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Comparison of Duration of Response (DOR) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm Per BICR
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Comparison of Duration of Response (DOR) in Doublet Arm vs Control Arm Per Investigator
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Comparison of Duration of Response (DOR) in Doublet Arm vs Control Arm Per BICR
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Steady-State Concentration Measured Just Before the Next Dose of Study Drug (Ctrough) for Encorafenib
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Overall Survival (OS) in Doublet Arm vs. Control Arm
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Phase 3) Change From Baseline in the Participant Global Impression of Change (PGIC) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm, Doublet Arm vs Control, and Triplet vs Doublet
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview]Phase 3: Number of Participants With Shifts in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) From Baseline to Maximum Grade On-treatment
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT02928224 (78) [back to overview](Safety Lead-in) Incidence of Dose Interruptions, Dose Modifications and Discontinuations Due to Adverse Events (AEs) - Interim Analysis
NCT02930343 (4) [back to overview]Disease Activity as Per Ultrasound-7 (US-7) Score
NCT02930343 (4) [back to overview]Indian Health Assessment Questionnaire (iHAQ)
NCT02930343 (4) [back to overview]Number of Patients Achieving Good EULAR Response at the End of 12 Weeks
NCT02930343 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Drug Reactions
NCT03028467 (16) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Emergent Clinical Chemistry Results Relative to Normal Range
NCT03028467 (16) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-time Curve (AUC) From Time Zero to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUC [0-t]), AUC From Time Zero Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC [0-inf]), AUC Over the Dosing Interval (AUCtau) of GSK3196165
NCT03028467 (16) [back to overview]Maximum Observed Concentration (Cmax) of GSK3196165
NCT03028467 (16) [back to overview]Terminal Half-life (t1/2) of GSK3196165
NCT03028467 (16) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Any Adverse Event (AE), Serious AE (SAE) and Adverse Events of Special Interest (AESI)
NCT03028467 (16) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Emergent Hematology Results Relative to Normal Range
NCT03028467 (16) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Urinalysis Dipstick Findings
NCT03028467 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Disease Activity Score for 28 Different Joints C-reactive Protein (DAS28 [CRP]) at All Indicated Timepoints
NCT03028467 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Heart Rate (HR)
NCT03028467 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Respiratory Rate
NCT03028467 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)
NCT03028467 (16) [back to overview]Time to Reach Cmax (Tmax) of GSK3196165
NCT03028467 (16) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-time Curve (AUC) From Time Zero to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUC [0-t]), AUC From Time Zero Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC [0-inf]), AUC Over the Dosing Interval (AUCtau) of GSK3196165
NCT03028467 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Temperature
NCT03028467 (16) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Anti-GSK3196165 Antibody Test Results
NCT03028467 (16) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Abnormal 12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings
NCT03172325 (5) [back to overview]Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) Disability Index at Week 24.
NCT03172325 (5) [back to overview]Immunogenicity: Number of Participants With Anti-Drug Antibodies (ADA)
NCT03172325 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With DAS28-EULAR Good and Moderate Responses at Week 24
NCT03172325 (5) [back to overview]The Incidence of Adverse Events
NCT03172325 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Achieving ACR20, ACR50 and ACR70 Response Rates at Week 24
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Progression-Free Survival (PFS)
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Objective Response Rate(ORR) by International Working Group Criteria
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Duration of Responses
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Steady State Clearance [CLss] for R-pralatrexate
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Steady State Volume of Distribution [Vdss] for R-pralatrexate
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Steady State Volume of Distribution [Vdss] for S-pralatrexate
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Terminal Phase Half-life [t1/2Z] for R-pralatrexate
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Terminal Phase Half-life [t1/2Z] for S-pralatrexate
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Steady State Clearance [CLss] for S-pralatrexate
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Time of Cmax Observation [Tmax] for R-pralatrexate
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Time of Cmax Observation [Tmax] for S-pralatrexate
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration [Cmax] for S-pralatrexate
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration [Cmax] for R-pralatrexate
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Area Under the Curve [AUC] for S-pralatrexate
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Area Under the Curve [AUC] for R-pralatrexate
NCT03349333 (18) [back to overview]Time to Response (TTR)
NCT03444155 (10) [back to overview]Serum Riboflavin
NCT03444155 (10) [back to overview]Serum Total Antioxidant Capacity
NCT03444155 (10) [back to overview]Serum Cobalamin
NCT03444155 (10) [back to overview]Serum Total Peroxides
NCT03444155 (10) [back to overview]Serum Thiamine
NCT03444155 (10) [back to overview]Total Homocysteine
NCT03444155 (10) [back to overview]Serum Pyridoxine
NCT03444155 (10) [back to overview]Serum Polyphenols
NCT03444155 (10) [back to overview]Serum Folic Acid
NCT03444155 (10) [back to overview]Serum Endogenous Peroxidase-activity
NCT03488225 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events
NCT03488225 (5) [back to overview]Participants to Achieve Complete Remission (CR):
NCT03488225 (5) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT03488225 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Negativity
NCT03488225 (5) [back to overview]Event-Free Survival
NCT03504423 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT03504423 (3) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT03504423 (3) [back to overview]Overall Response Rate (ORR)
NCT03518112 (5) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT03518112 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants Negative for Minimal Residual Disease (MRD)
NCT03518112 (5) [back to overview]Event Free Survival (EFS) Where Events Defined as no Response, Loss of Response, or Death
NCT03518112 (5) [back to overview]Duration of Response
NCT03518112 (5) [back to overview]Participants With a Response
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Serum Concentrations of Durvalumab
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Serum Concentrations of Oleclumab
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Serum Concentrations of Oleclumab
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With DC According to RECIST v1.1 in Dose Expansion Phase
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Duration of Response (DoR) According to RECIST v1.1 in Dose Expansion Phase
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Dose-limiting Toxicities (DLTs) in Dose Escalation Phase
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Overall Survival Events by CD73 Expression at Baseline in Dose Expansion Phase
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Overall Survival Events in Dose Expansion Phase
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Progression-free Survival Events According to RECIST v1.1 by CD73 Expression at Baseline in Dose Expansion Phase
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Progression-free Survival Events According to RECIST v1.1 in Dose Expansion Phase
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Overall Survival by CD73 Expression at Baseline in Dose Expansion Phase
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Overall Survival in Dose Expansion Phase
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Disease Control (DC) According to RECIST v1.1 in Dose Escalation Phase
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Objective Response (OR) According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version 1.1 (RECIST v1.1) in Dose Expansion Phase
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With OR According to RECIST v1.1 by CD73 Expression at Baseline in Dose Expansion Phase
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With OR According to RECIST v1.1 in Dose Escalation Phase
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival According to RECIST v1.1 by CD73 Expression at Baseline in Dose Expansion Phase
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival According to RECIST v1.1 in Dose Expansion Phase
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Abnormal Clinical Laboratory Parameters Reported as TEAEs in Dose Escalation Phase
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Abnormal Clinical Laboratory Parameters Reported as TEAEs in Dose Expansion Phase
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Abnormal ECG Parameters Reported as TEAEs in Dose Expansion Phase
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Abnormal Electrocardiogram (ECG) Parameters Reported as TEAEs in Dose Escalation Phase
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Plasma Concentrations of Nab-paclitaxel
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Abnormal Vital Signs Reported as TEAEs in Dose Escalation Phase
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Abnormal Vital Signs Reported as TEAEs in Dose Expansion Phase
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Positive ADA to Durvalumab
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Positive Anti-drug Antibodies (ADA) to Oleclumab
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Number of Participants With TEAEs and TESAEs in Dose Expansion Phase
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Treatment-emergent Serious Adverse Events (TESAEs) in Dose Escalation Phase
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Plasma Concentrations of Gemcitabine and Metabolite 2',2'-Difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU)
NCT03611556 (31) [back to overview]Serum Concentrations of Durvalumab
NCT03635957 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Serum Uric Acid (sUA < 6 mg/dL) Overall Responders
NCT03635957 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Serum Uric Acid (sUA < 5 mg/dL) Overall Responders
NCT03635957 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Serum Uric Acid (sUA < 5 mg/dL) Responders During Month 3
NCT03635957 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Serum Uric Acid (sUA < 5 mg/dL) Responders During Month 6
NCT03635957 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Serum Uric Acid (sUA < 6 mg/dL) Responders During Month 3
NCT03635957 (7) [back to overview]Mean Change in sUA From Pegloticase Baseline to Weeks 14, 24, 36, 52
NCT03635957 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Serum Uric Acid (sUA < 6 mg/dL) Responders During Month 6
NCT03771560 (5) [back to overview]Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) - Parent Reported Change
NCT03771560 (5) [back to overview]Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) - Parent Reported Change
NCT03771560 (5) [back to overview]Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) - Parent Reported Change
NCT03771560 (5) [back to overview]Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) - Teacher Reported Change
NCT03771560 (5) [back to overview]Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) - Teacher Reported Change
NCT03892707 (11) [back to overview]Change in Pain-related Disability After 10 Days of Treatment
NCT03892707 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With at Least One Pain Flare-up During the Study
NCT03892707 (11) [back to overview]Number of Treatment Days With NSAIDs
NCT03892707 (11) [back to overview]Change of Pain Intensity Over Time
NCT03892707 (11) [back to overview]Change of Pain Intensity After 5, 24 and 38 Days of Treatment
NCT03892707 (11) [back to overview]Patient Satisfaction With Treatment
NCT03892707 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With 30% Low Back Pain Relief After 5, 10, 24 and 38 Days of Treatment.
NCT03892707 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With at Least One Pain Flare-up Resulting in Consultancy With Physician, Resulting in Disruption of Daily Activity, and Resulting in NSAIDs Intake
NCT03892707 (11) [back to overview]Prescribed and Actual Number of Milgamma® Injections
NCT03892707 (11) [back to overview]Prescribed and Actual Number of Treatment Days With Milgamma® Compositum
NCT03892707 (11) [back to overview]Change of Pain Intensity After 10 Days of Treatment
NCT03950674 (7) [back to overview]Overall Response Rate (ORR) Per RECIST 1.1 as Assessed by Blinded Central Imaging
NCT03950674 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event (AE)
NCT03950674 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Discontinued Any Study Drug Due to an AE
NCT03950674 (7) [back to overview]Duration of Response (DOR) Per RECIST 1.1 as Assessed by Blinded Central Imaging
NCT03950674 (7) [back to overview]Progression-Free Survival (PFS) as Assessed by Investigator Immune-related RECIST (irRECIST) Response Criteria
NCT03950674 (7) [back to overview]Progression-Free Survival (PFS) Per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 as Assessed by Blinded Central Imaging
NCT03950674 (7) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT03994731 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of sUA (sUA < 6 mg/dL) Responders During Month 12
NCT03994731 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Serum Uric Acid (sUA) Responders (sUA < 6 mg/dL) During Month 6
NCT03994731 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Complete Resolution of ≥ 1 Tophi at Week 52
NCT03994731 (6) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) Score at Week 52
NCT03994731 (6) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in HAQ Health Score at Week 52
NCT03994731 (6) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline HAQ Pain Score at Week 52
NCT04354428 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Hospitalization or Mortality
NCT04354428 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events and Adverse Events Resulting in Treatment Discontinuation
NCT04354428 (6) [back to overview]Time to Clearance of Nasal SARS-CoV-2
NCT04354428 (6) [back to overview]Time to Resolution of COVID-19 Symptom Resolution in Days
NCT04354428 (6) [back to overview]COVID-19-related Hospitalization Days
NCT04354428 (6) [back to overview]Number of Persons With Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI), Defined as Resting Blood Oxygen Saturation (SpO2<93%) Level Sustained for 2 Readings 2 Hours Apart and Presence of Subjective Dyspnea or Cough

Correlation of Early Marrow Response Status With MRD Negative.

Bone marrow status is defined as: M1: < 5% lymphoblasts; M2: 5-25% lymphoblasts; M3: > 25% lymphoblasts. Bone marrow MRD status is defined as positive with >= 0.1 detectable leukemia cells, and negative with < 0.1 detectable leukemia cells. (NCT00075725)
Timeframe: Day 29

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Dexamethasone and Capizzi Methotrexate Patients < 10 Years182
Dexamethasone, High Dose Methotrexate (Non Randomly Assigned)72
Dexamethasone & Capizzi Methotrexate Patients => 10 Years Old198
Dexamethasone, High Dose Methotrexate (IM) < 10 Years188
Prednisone, Capizzi Methotrexate <10 Years195
Prednisone, Capezzi Methotrexate >= 10 Years471
Prednisone and High Dose Methotrexate < 10 Yrs Old190
Prednisone and High Dose Methotrexate >=10 Years479
Dexamethasone, High Dose Methotrexate (IM) >= 10 Years208
Prednisone, Capezzi Methotrexate (Down's Syndrome)25
Dexamethasone, Capizzi Methotrexate Down Syndrome (Non Random)3
Prednisone and High Dose Methotrexate (Non Randomly Assigned)18

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Correlation of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Positive With Overall Survival (OS)

Bone marrow MRD status is defined as positive with >= 0.1 detectable leukemia cells, and negative with < 0.1 detectable leukemia cells. (NCT00075725)
Timeframe: 5 Years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Dexamethasone and Capizzi Methotrexate Patients < 10 Years79.2
Dexamethasone, High Dose Methotrexate (Non Randomly Assigned)69.9
Dexamethasone & Capizzi Methotrexate Patients => 10 Years Old65.6
Dexamethasone, High Dose Methotrexate (IM) < 10 Years86.2
Prednisone, Capizzi Methotrexate <10 Years93.8
Prednisone, Capizzi Methotrexate >= 10 Years63.1
Predisone and High Dose Methotrexate < 10 Yrs Old84.2
Prednisone and High Dose Methotrexate >=10 Years73.6
Dexamethasone, High Dose Methotrexate (IM) >= 10 Years74.6

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Correlation of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Positive With Event Free Survival (EFS)

Bone marrow MRD status is defined as positive with >= 0.1 detectable leukemia cells. (NCT00075725)
Timeframe: 5 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Dexamethasone and Capizzi Methotrexate Patients < 10 Years66.5
Dexamethasone, High Dose Methotrexate (Non Randomly Assigned)43.3
Dexamethasone & Capizzi Methotrexate Patients => 10 Years Old35.4
Dexamethasone, High Dose Methotrexate (IM) < 10 Years80
Prednisone, Capizzi Methotrexate <10 Years34.7
Prednisone, Capizzi Methotrexate >= 10 Years39
Prednisone and High Dose Methotrexate < 10 Yrs Old55
Prednisone and High Dose Methotrexate >=10 Years47.8
Dexamethasone, High Dose Methotrexate (IM) >= 10 Years49.4

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Correlation of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Negative With Overall Survival (OS).

Bone marrow MRD status is defined as negative with < .01 detectable leukemia cells. (NCT00075725)
Timeframe: 5 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Dexamethasone and Capizzi Methotrexate Patients < 10 Years95.4
Dexamethasone, High Dose Methotrexate (Non Randomly Assigned)92.9
Dexamethasone & Capizzi Methotrexate Patients => 10 Years Old87.4
Dexamethasone, High Dose Methotrexate (IM) < 10 Years98.1
Prednisone, Capizzi Methotrexate <10 Years93.3
Prednisone, Capizzi Methotrexate >= 10 Years90.2
Prednisone and High Dose Methotrexate < 10 Yrs Old94.5
Prednisone and High Dose Methotrexate >=10 Years90.5
Dexamethasone, High Dose Methotrexate (IM) >= 10 Years91.6
Prednisone, Capizzi Methotrexate (Down's Syndrome)78.3
Dexamethasone, Capizzi Methotrexate Down Syndrome (Non Random)25.0

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Correlation of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Negative With Event Free Survival (EFS).

Bone marrow MRD status is defined as negative with < 0.1 detectable leukemia cells. (NCT00075725)
Timeframe: 5 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Dexamethasone and Capizzi Methotrexate Patients < 10 Years86.4
Dexamethasone, High Dose Methotrexate (Non Randomly Assigned)93.6
Dexamethasone & Capizzi Methotrexate Patients => 10 Years Old80.5
Dexamethasone, High Dose Methotrexate (IM) < 10 Years93.1
Prednisone, Capizzi Methotrexate <10 Years86.5
Prednisone, Capezzi Methotrexate >= 10 Years83.4
Prednisone and High Dose Methotrexate < 10 Yrs Old84.2
Prednisone and High Dose Methotrexate >=10 Years83.9
Dexamethasone, High Dose Methotrexate (IM) >= 10 Years85.3
Prednisone, Capezzi Methotrexate (Down's Syndrome)74.4
Dexamethasone, Capizzi Methotrexate Down Syndrome (Non Random)25

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Correlation of Early Marrow Response Status With MRD Positive.

Bone marrow status is defined as: M1: < 5% lymphoblasts; M2: 5-25% lymphoblasts; M3: > 25% lymphoblasts. Bone marrow MRD status is defined as positive with >= 0.1 detectable leukemia cells, and negative with < 0.1 detectable leukemia cells. (NCT00075725)
Timeframe: Day 29

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Dexamethasone and Capizzi Methotrexate Patients < 10 Years26
Dexamethasone, High Dose Methotrexate (Non Randomly Assigned)12
Dexamethasone & Capizzi Methotrexate Patients => 10 Years Old43
Dexamethasone, High Dose Methotrexate (IM) < 10 Years14
Prednisone, Capizzi Methotrexate <10 Years16
Prednisone, Capezzi Methotrexate >= 10 Years95
Prednisone and High Dose Methotrexate < 10 Yrs Old17
Prednisone and High Dose Methotrexate >=10 Years98
Dexamethasone, High Dose Methotrexate (IM) >= 10 Years39
Prednisone, Capezzi Methotrexate (Down's Syndrome)3
Dexamethasone, Capizzi Methotrexate Down Syndrome (Non Random)3
Prednisone and High Dose Methotrexate (Non Randomly Assigned)3

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Comparison of the Increase in Cure Rate of High Risk ALL Without Causing More Serious Side Effects Between Interventions

Event Free Probability. (NCT00075725)
Timeframe: 5 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Dexamethasone and Capizzi Methotrexate Patients < 10 Years83.2
Dexamethasone, High Dose Methotrexate (Non Randomly Assigned)81.6
Dexamethasone & Capizzi Methotrexate Patients => 10 Years Old69.1
Dexamethasone, High Dose Methotrexate (IM) < 10 Years91.2
Prednisone, Capizzi Methotrexate <10 Years82.1
Prednisone, Capezzi Methotrexate >= 10 Years73.5
Predisone and High Dose Methotrexate < 10 Yrs Old80.8
Prenisone and High Dose Methotrexate >=10 Years75.8
Dexamethasone, High Dose Methotrexate (IM) >= 10 Years77.0
Prenisone, Capezzi Methotrexate (Down's Syndrome)61.8
Dexamethasone, Capizzi Methotrexate Down Syndrome (Non Random)44.4

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Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ-CR38 Defecation Symptom Score at Post-operative Chemotherapy

"The defecation symptom score is calculated from seven symptom questions on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire [EORTC QLQ]-CR38. The question responses range from 1 not at all to 4 very much such that a higher response indicates worse symptoms. The mean of these responses is linearly transformed to a range of 0 (best) to 100 (worst). Change from baseline is calculated as the time point value - baseline value and a decrease from baseline indicates improvement in symptoms. A negative number indicates improvement in symptoms." (NCT00081289)
Timeframe: Baseline and completion of post-operative chemotherapy, approximately 32 to 40 weeks from randomization based on 18 weeks of post-operative chemotherapy

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Irinotecan-1.6
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Oxaliplatin14.6

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Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ-CR38 Defecation Symptom Score at Completion of Chemoradiation

"The defecation symptom score is calculated from seven symptom questions on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire [EORTC QLQ]-CR38. The question responses range from 1 not at all to 4 very much such that a higher response indicates worse symptoms. The mean of these responses is linearly transformed to a range of 0 (best) to 100 (worst). Change from baseline is calculated as the time point value - baseline value and a decrease from baseline indicates improvement in symptoms. A negative number indicates improvement in symptoms." (NCT00081289)
Timeframe: Baseline and completion of chemoradiation, approximately 6-8 weeks from randomization

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Irinotecan4.8
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Oxaliplatin8.8

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Change From Baseline in QLQ-C30 Global Health Status Score at Completion of Chemoradiation

"Global Health Status is calculated from two questions on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire [EORTC QLQ]-C30. The question responses range from 1 very poor to 7 excellent such that a higher response indicates better quality of life (QOL). The mean of these responses is linearly transformed to a range of 0 (worst) to 100 (best). Change from baseline is calculated as the time point value - baseline value and a decrease from baseline indicates decline in quality of life. A positive number indicates improvement in QOL." (NCT00081289)
Timeframe: Baseline and completion of chemoradiation, approximately 6-8 weeks from randomization

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Irinotecan-10.3
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Oxaliplatin-12.2

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Distant Failure Rate at 4 Years

Time to distant failure is defined as time from randomization to date of the appearance of distant metastases, last known follow-up (censored), or death without distant failure (competing risk). Distant failure rates are estimated by the cumulative incidence method. (NCT00081289)
Timeframe: From randomization to four years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Irinotecan24
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Oxaliplatin30

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Disease-free Survival Rate at 4 Years

Disease-free survival time is defined as time from randomization to date of local-regional failure, the appearance of distant metastases, the appearance of a second primary failure, or date of death from any cause/ Disease-free survival rates are estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Patients last known to be alive without failure are censored at the date of last contact. (NCT00081289)
Timeframe: From randomization to four years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Irinotecan68
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Oxaliplatin62

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Change From Baseline in QLQ-C30 Global Health Status Score at Two Years

"Global Health Status is calculated from two questions on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire [EORTC QLQ]-C30. The question responses range from 1 very poor to 7 excellent such that a higher response indicates better quality of life (QOL). The mean of these responses is linearly transformed to a range of 0 (worst) to 100 (best). Change from baseline is calculated as the time point value - baseline value and a decrease from baseline indicates decline in quality of life. A negative number indicates improvement in symptoms." (NCT00081289)
Timeframe: Baseline and two years

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Irinotecan-6.8
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Oxaliplatin-1.3

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Change From Baseline in QLQ-C30 Global Health Status Score at Completion of Post-operative Chemotherapy

"Global Health Status is calculated from two questions on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire [EORTC QLQ]-C30. The question responses range from 1 very poor to 7 excellent such that a higher response indicates better quality of life (QOL). The mean of these responses is linearly transformed to a range of 0 (worst) to 100 (best). Change from baseline is calculated as the time point value - baseline value and a decrease from baseline indicates decline in quality of life. A positive number indicates improvement in QOL." (NCT00081289)
Timeframe: Baseline and completion of post-operative chemotherapy approximately 32 to 40 weeks from randomization based on 18 weeks of post-operative chemotherapy

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Irinotecan-12.5
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Oxaliplatin-7.1

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Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ-CR38 Gastro-intestinal Symptom Score at Two Years

The gastro-intestinal (GI) symptom score is calculated from five symptom questions on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire [EORTC QLQ]-CR38. The question responses range from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much) such that a higher response indicates worse symptoms. The mean of these responses is linearly transformed to a range of 0 (best) to 100 (worst). Change from baseline is calculated as the time point value - baseline value and a decrease from baseline indicates improvement in symptoms. A negative number indicates improvement in symptoms. (NCT00081289)
Timeframe: Baseline and two years

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Irinotecan0.4
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Oxaliplatin6.7

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Local-regional Failure Rate at 4 Years

Local-regional failure is defined as any of the following: no clinical complete response (cCR) in the primary site and/or nodes at any time after treatment completion (persistence), recurrence and/or progression in the primary site and/or nodes after cCR, and nonprotocol surgery to the primary site after cCR. Time to local-regional failure is defined as time from randomization to date of failure, last known follow-up (censored), or death without local-regional failure (competing risk). Local-regional failure rates are estimated by the cumulative incidence method. (NCT00081289)
Timeframe: From randomization to four years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Irinotecan16
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Oxaliplatin18

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Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ-CR38 Gastro-intestinal Symptom Score at Completion of Post-operative Chemotherapy

The gastro-intestinal (GI) symptom score is calculated from five symptom questions on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire [EORTC QLQ]-CR38. The question responses range from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much) such that a higher response indicates worse symptoms. The mean of these responses is linearly transformed to a range of 0 (best) to 100 (worst). Change from baseline is calculated as the time point value - baseline value and a decrease from baseline indicates improvement in symptoms. A negative number indicates improvement in symptoms. (NCT00081289)
Timeframe: Baseline and completion of post-operative chemotherapy approximately 32 to 40 weeks from randomization based on 18 weeks of post-operative chemotherapy

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Irinotecan-1.5
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Oxaliplatin3.9

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Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ-CR38 Gastro-intestinal Symptom Score at Completion of Chemoradiation

The gastro-intestinal (GI) symptom score is calculated from five symptom questions on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire [EORTC QLQ]-CR38. The question responses range from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much) such that a higher response indicates worse symptoms. The mean of these responses is linearly transformed to a range of 0 (best) to 100 (worst). Change from baseline is calculated as the time point value - baseline value and a decrease from baseline indicates improvement in symptoms. A negative number indicates improvement in symptoms. (NCT00081289)
Timeframe: Baseline and completion of chemoradiation approximately 6-8 weeks from randomization

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Irinotecan5.9
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Oxaliplatin20.3

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Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ-CR38 Defecation Symptom Score at Two Years

"The defecation symptom score is calculated from seven symptom questions on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire [EORTC QLQ]-CR38. The question responses range from 1 not at all to 4 very much such that a higher response indicates worse symptoms. The mean of these responses is linearly transformed to a range of 0 (best) to 100 (worst). Change from baseline is calculated as the time point value - baseline value and a decrease from baseline indicates improvement in symptoms. A negative number indicates improvement in symptoms." (NCT00081289)
Timeframe: Baseline and two years

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Irinotecan0.4
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Oxaliplatin-1.6

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Pathologic Complete Response Rate

"A pathologic complete response (pCR) was defined as no evidence of residual cancer histologically; disease progression or death before surgery was considered less than pCR (even without surgical specimen). All cases were reviewed by the study's surgical oncology co-chair for the determination of pCR.~Each arm was first analyzed alone. If the arm had 9 or more pCRs in 48 evaluable pts, then the null hypothesis (H0) of 10% pCR rate would be rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis of 25%, providing 90% power with a two-sided 10% type I error rate. If both arms reject H0, then statistical selection theory would be used to choose the arm for further study in a phase III trial. If only one arm has acceptable pCR rate, then that arm would be pursued in a phase III trial." (NCT00081289)
Timeframe: After protocol surgery, approximately 10-16 weeks from randomization based on surgery occurring 4-8 weeks after chemoradiation

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Irinotecan10.4
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Oxaliplatin20.8

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Second Primary Rate at 4 Years

Time to second primary is defined as time from randomization to date of the appearance of a second primary cancer, last known follow-up (censored), or death without second primary (competing risk). Second primary rates are estimated by the cumulative incidence method. (NCT00081289)
Timeframe: From randomization to four years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Irinotecan2
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Oxaliplatin6

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Survival Rate at 4 Years

Survival time is defined as time from registration/randomization to the date of death from any cause or last known follow-up (censored). Survival rates are estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT00081289)
Timeframe: From randomization to four years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Irinotecan85
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Oxaliplatin75

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Number of Participants Experiencing Grade 3-4 Toxicity While Receiving the Study Treatment

Toxicity event collected during Induction chemotherapy (CT) - two 3-week cycles, Concurrent CT and Radiation Therapy (CRT) (approximately 5.5 weeks), post CRT (4 weeks after the end of CRT), 2-3 months post CRT (8-12 weeks after the end of CRT) (NCT00089024)
Timeframe: From time of first dose until 30 days following final treatment, approximately 24 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Induction CT, grade 3Induction CT, grade 4CRT, grade 3CRT, grade 4Within 1 mo. post CRT, grade 3Within 1 mo. post CRT, grade 42-3 mos. post CRT, grade 32-3 mos. post CRT, grade 4
Treatment4511012190

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Surgical Exploration

Patients who completed chemotherapy & chemo-radiation had restaging imaging studies 4 weeks after completion of chemo-radiation. If there were no contraindications for surgical resection, surgical exploration was performed 6-8 weeks after completing chemo-radiation (NCT00089024)
Timeframe: After 6 weeks of chemotherapy and then after 4 weeks of chemo-radiation.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
unresectable diseaseintra-abdominal metastasisresection of the primary tumor
Treatment469

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Survival

Percentage of patients who did not experience an event where events are defined as death from any cause. (NCT00096278)
Timeframe: 5 years

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Arm I (mFOLFOX6)77.6
Arm II (Bevacizumab, mFOLFOX6)78.7

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Disease-free Survival

Where events are defined as recurrence, second primary cancer, or death from any cause (NCT00096278)
Timeframe: 3 years

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Arm 1: Oxaliplatin + Leucovorin + 5-Fluorouracil75.5
Arm 2: Oxaliplatin + Leucovorin + 5-Fluorouracil + Bevacizumab77.4

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Non-fatal Stroke, Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction or Death Due to Vascular Causes

(NCT00097669)
Timeframe: The primary outcome was measured over a median follow-up period of 3.4 years (interquartile range IQR 1.0-5.5 years).

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Active VITATOPS Tablet (Folic Acid 2mg, B6 25mg , B12 500ug)616
Placebo Tablet678

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Event-free Survival (EFS) for SR-Low Patients

Event Free Probability where EFS time is defined as time from randomization to first event (relapse, second malignant neoplasm, death) or date of last contact for patients who are event-free. (NCT00103285)
Timeframe: 6 years

InterventionPercent probability (Number)
SR-low ALL, Arm I-combination Chemotherapy95.22
SR-low ALL, Arm II-combination Chemotherapy93.96

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Event-Free Survival Probability According to MRD Status End Induction (Day 29)

Event-Free survival by Day 29 MRD status (negative vs positive), Event Free Probability (time from study entry to first event (relapse, second malignant neoplasm, death) or date of last contact for patients who are event-free. (NCT00103285)
Timeframe: MRD at Day 29 of therapy

InterventionPercent Probability (Number)
Induction Therapy, MRD Negative91.39
Induction Therapy, MRD Positive79.86

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Event-free Survival (EFS) for SR-High Patients.

Event Free Probability where EFS time is defined as time from randomization to first event (relapse, second malignant neoplasm, death) or date of last contact for patients who are event-free. (NCT00103285)
Timeframe: 6 years

Interventionpercent probability (Number)
Group 3-SR-high ALL, Combination Chemotherapy85.58

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Overall Survival Probability (OS) According to Induction Day 29 MRD Status

Overall survival by Day 29 MRD status (negative vs positive), Overall survival defined as time from study entry to death or date of last contact for patients who are alive. (NCT00103285)
Timeframe: Overall Survival Probability of 6 years

Interventionpercent probability (Number)
Induction Therapy, MRD Negative97.07
Induction Therapy, MRD Positive90.47

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Event-free Survival (EFS) for SR-Average ALL Patients

EFS for SR-Average with standard and Intensified Consolidation. Event Free Probability where EFS time is defined as time from randomization to first event (relapse, second malignant neoplasm, death) or date of last contact for patients who are event-free. (NCT00103285)
Timeframe: 6 years

,
Interventionpercent probability (Number)
Standard and Intensified therapy
Group 2-SR-avg ALL, Arm III-combination Chemotherapy88.34
Group 2-SR-avg ALL, Arm IV-combination Chemotherapy90.51

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Event-Free Survival (EFS) for Low MRD (Negative) Subjects by Genetic Subset (TEL/Trisomy Positive vs Negative)

Event-free probability where EFS is defined as time from randomization to first event (relapse, second malignant neoplasm, death) or date of last contact for patients who are event-free. (NCT00103285)
Timeframe: 6 years

InterventionPercent probability (Number)
Group 1-SR-low ALL, Arm I-combination Chemotherapy95.22
Group 2-SR-avg ALL, Arm I-combination Chemotherapy88.52

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Event-free Survival (EFS) for SR-Average ALL Patients

EFS for SR-Average with standard and Intensified Consolidation. Event Free Probability where EFS time is defined as time from randomization to first event (relapse, second malignant neoplasm, death) or date of last contact for patients who are event-free. (NCT00103285)
Timeframe: 6 years

,
Interventionpercent probability (Number)
Standard and Intensified therapyStandard therapy
Group 2-SR-avg ALL, Arm I-combination Chemotherapy83.8287.41
Group 2-SR-avg ALL, Arm II-combination Chemotherapy88.8988.29

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Early Marrow Status (EMS) by MRD Status End Induction (Day 29)

Early Marrow Status defined as M1 versus M2/M3 marrow is correlated with MRD (Positive vs. Negative) (NCT00103285)
Timeframe: Early Marrow Status at Day 15, MRD Status at Day 29 of therapy.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
All Patients for Induction, MRD Negative4378
All Patients for Induction, MRD Positive258

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Major Vascular Events (MVE)

Major vascular events (MVE) defined as major coronary events (MCE [non-fatal MI, coronary death or coronary revascularisation]), non-fatal or fatal stroke, or peripheral revascularization (peripheral artery angioplasty or arterial surgery, including amputations), during the scheduled study treatment period. (NCT00124072)
Timeframe: 6.7 years median follow-up

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Simvastatin 20 mg Daily1553
Simvastatin 80 mg Daily1477
Folic Acid 2 mg + Vitamin B12 1 mg Daily1537
Placebo1493

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Disease Free Survival (DFS)

time interval between the date of randomization and the earliest date of local, regional or distant relapse, or death due to cancer. (NCT00143403)
Timeframe: last tumor assessment date or cut-off date, whichever is earlier.

Interventionmonths (Median)
5-FU/FA21.6
Irinotecan + 5-FU/FA24.7

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Overall Survival Rates

Probability of being alive was calculated in a yearly increment. (NCT00143403)
Timeframe: Median follow-up time (42 months)

,
Interventionsurvival rate (Number)
12 months24 months36 months
5-FU/FA0.9610.8450.716
Irinotecan + 5-FU/FA0.9730.8810.727

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Overall Survival Time (OS)

Time from randomization to death. Patients without event are censored at the last date known to be alive or at the clinical cut-off date, whichever is later. (NCT00154102)
Timeframe: Time from randomisation to death or last day known to be alive, reported between day of first patient randomised, 10 Aug 2004, until cut-off date, 31 May 2009

Interventionmonths (Median)
Cetuximab Plus FOLFIRI19.9
FOLFIRI Alone18.6

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Participants With No Residual Tumor After Metastatic Surgery

Participants with no residual tumor after on-study surgery for metastases (NCT00154102)
Timeframe: time from first dose up to 30 days after last dose of study treatment reported between day of first patient randomised, 10 Aug 2004, until cut-off date, 30 Nov 2007

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Cetuximab Plus FOLFIRI29
FOLFIRI Alone10

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Progression-free Survival Time (Chinese V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) Wild-Type Population) - Independent Review Committee (IRC) Assessments

"Duration from randomization until radiological progression (based on modified WHO criteria) or death due to any cause.~Only deaths within 60 days of last tumor assessment are considered. Patients without event are censored on the date of last tumor assessment." (NCT00154102)
Timeframe: Time from randomisation to disease progression, death or last tumour assessment, reported between day of first patient randomised, 10 Aug 2004, until cut-off date, 27 July 2006

Interventionmonths (Median)
Cetuximab Plus FOLFIRI9.9
FOLFIRI Alone8.4

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Progression-free Survival Time (KRAS Mutant Population) - Independent Review Committee (IRC) Assessments

"Duration from randomization until radiological progression (based on modified WHO criteria) or death due to any cause.~Only deaths within 60 days of last tumor assessment are considered. Patients without event are censored on the date of last tumor assessment." (NCT00154102)
Timeframe: Time from randomisation to disease progression, death or last tumour assessment, reported between day of first patient randomised, 10 Aug 2004, until cut-off date, 27 July 2006

Interventionmonths (Median)
Cetuximab Plus FOLFIRI7.4
FOLFIRI Alone7.7

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Safety - Number of Patients Experiencing Any Adverse Event

Please refer to Adverse Events section for further details (NCT00154102)
Timeframe: time from first dose up to 30 days after last dose of study treatment reported between day of first patient randomised, 10 Aug 2004, until cut-off date, 30 Nov 2007

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Cetuximab Plus FOLFIRI599
FOLFIRI Alone597

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Quality of Life (QOL) Assessment European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 Global Health Status

Mean global health status scores (EORTC QLQ-C30) against time for each treatment group. Scores were derived from mutually exclusive sets of items, with scale scores ranging from 0 to 100 after a linear transformation. Higher scores indicate a better QoL. (NCT00154102)
Timeframe: at baseline, at week 8, at week 16, at week 24, at week 32, and at week 40, reported between day of first patient randomised, 10 Aug 2004, until cut-off date, 27 July 2006

,
Interventionscores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
At baselineAt week 8At week 16At week 24At week 32At week 40
Cetuximab Plus FOLFIRI58.8859.0260.7761.8359.6863.43
FOLFIRI Alone60.3361.8363.2964.0665.0764.02

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Quality of Life Assessment (EORTC QLQ-C30) Social Functioning

Mean social functioning scores (EORTC QLQ-C30) against time for each treatment group. Scores were derived from mutually exclusive sets of items, with scale scores ranging from 0 to 100 after a linear transformation. Higher scores indicate a higher level of functioning. (NCT00154102)
Timeframe: at baseline, at week 8, at week 16, at week 24, at week 32, and at week 40, reported between day of first patient randomised, 10 Aug 2004, until cut-off date, 27 July 2006

,
Interventionscores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
At baselineAt week 8At week 16At week 24At week 32At week 40
Cetuximab Plus FOLFIRI75.2174.1473.7276.3174.0476.58
FOLFIRI Alone77.2876.7176.6777.9875.6478.07

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Disease Control Rate - Independent Review Committee (IRC) Assessments

The disease control rate is defined as the percentage of subjects having achieved confirmed Complete Response + Partial Response + Stable Disease as best overall response according to radiological assessments (based on modified WHO criteria). (NCT00154102)
Timeframe: Evaluations were performed every 6 weeks until progression reported between day of first patient randomised, 10 Aug 2004, until cut-off date, 27 July 2006

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Cetuximab Plus FOLFIRI84.3
FOLFIRI Alone85.5

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Progression-free Survival (PFS) Time - Independent Review Committee (IRC) Assessments

"Duration from randomization until radiological progression (based on modified World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria) or death due to any cause.~Only deaths within 60 days of last tumor assessment are considered. Patients without event are censored on the date of last tumor assessment." (NCT00154102)
Timeframe: Time from randomisation to disease progression, death or last tumour assessment, reported between day of first patient randomised, 10 Aug 2004, until cut-off date, 27 July 2006

Interventionmonths (Median)
Cetuximab Plus FOLFIRI8.9
FOLFIRI Alone8.0

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Best Overall Response Rate - Independent Review Committee (IRC) Assessments

The best overall response rate is defined as the percentage of subjects having achieved confirmed Complete Response + Partial Response as the best overall response according to radiological assessments (based on modified WHO criteria). (NCT00154102)
Timeframe: evaluations were performed every 6 weeks until progression reported between day of first patient randomised, 10 Aug 2004, until cut-off date, 27 July 2006

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Cetuximab Plus FOLFIRI46.9
FOLFIRI Alone38.7

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Best Overall Response Rate (KRAS Mutant Population) - Independent Review Committee (IRC) Assessments

The best overall response rate is defined as the percentage of subjects having achieved confirmed Complete Response + Partial Response as the best overall response according to radiological assessments (based on modified WHO criteria). (NCT00154102)
Timeframe: evaluations were performed every 6 weeks until progression reported between day of first patient randomised, 10 Aug 2004, until cut-off date, 27 July 2006

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Cetuximab Plus FOLFIRI31.3
FOLFIRI Alone36.1

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Best Overall Response Rate (KRAS Wild-Type Population) - Independent Review Committee (IRC) Assessments

The best overall response rate is defined as the percentage of subjects having achieved confirmed Complete Response + Partial Response as the best overall response according to radiological assessments (based on modified WHO criteria). (NCT00154102)
Timeframe: evaluations were performed every 6 weeks until progression reported between day of first patient randomised, 10 Aug 2004, until cut-off date, 27 July 2006

Interventionpercentage participants (Number)
Cetuximab Plus FOLFIRI57.3
FOLFIRI Alone39.7

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Duration of Response - Independent Review Committee (IRC) Assessments

"Time from first assessment of Complete Response or Partial Response to disease progression or death (within 60 days of last tumor assessment).~Patients without event are censored on the date of last tumor assessment. Tumor assessments based on modified WHO criteria." (NCT00154102)
Timeframe: Time from first assessment of complete response or partial response to disease progression, death or last tumor assessment reported between day of first patient randomised, 10 Aug 2004, until cut-off date, 27 July 2006

Interventionmonths (Median)
Cetuximab Plus FOLFIRI9.6
FOLFIRI Alone7.7

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Overall Survival Time (KRAS Mutant Population)

Time from randomization to death. Patients without event are censored at the last date known to be alive or at the clinical cut-off date, whichever is later. (NCT00154102)
Timeframe: Time from randomisation to death or last day known to be alive reported between day of first patient randomised, 10 Aug 2004, until cut-off date, 31 May 2009

Interventionmonths (Median)
Cetuximab Plus FOLFIRI16.2
FOLFIRI Alone16.7

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Overall Survival Time (KRAS Wild-Type Population)

Time from randomization to death. Patients without event are censored at the last date known to be alive or at the clinical cut-off date, whichever is later. (NCT00154102)
Timeframe: Time from randomisation to death or last day known to be alive reported between day of first patient randomised, 10 Aug 2004, until cut-off date, 31 May 2009

Interventionmonths (Median)
Cetuximab Plus FOLFIRI23.5
FOLFIRI Alone20.0

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Time to Progressive Disease - Avastin Subgroup

Defined as the time from study enrollment to the first date of disease progression. Time to disease progression was censored at the date of death if death was due to other cause. (NCT00192075)
Timeframe: randomization to the date of first documented disease progression or death due to disease under study, whichever comes first (every 7-8 weeks for 2 cycles, monthly for 3 months, every other month for 6 months, then every 3 months up to 4.4 years)

Interventionmonths (Median)
A+FFG - Avastin Subgroup13.7
A + FOLFOX 4 - Avastin Subgroup13.8

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Survival at 12 Months and 24 Months - Avastin Subgroup

Percentage of participants who were alive at 12 months and 24 months. (NCT00192075)
Timeframe: randomization to the date of death from any cause (up to 24 months)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants alive (Number)
12-Month Survival24-Month Survival
A + FOLFOX 4 - Avastin Subgroup83.366.7
A+FFG - Avastin Subgroup75.650.4

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Toxicity - Avastin Subgroup

Includes all Grade 3-4 hematologic toxicities and all non-hematologic toxicities with either >=1 Grade 4 or >=2 Grade 3 adverse events (NCT00192075)
Timeframe: every cycle (every 7-8 weeks for 2 cycles, monthly for 3 months, every other month for 6 months, then every 3 months up to 4.4 years)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Neutropenia (Grade 3)Neutropenia (Grade 4)Thrombocytopenia (Grade 3)Thrombocytopenia (Grade 4)Leukopenia (Grade 3)Leukopenia (Grade 4)Anemia (Grade 3)Anemia (Grade 4)Febrile neutropenia (Grade 3)Febrile neutropenia (Grade 4)Diarrhea (Grade 3)Diarrhea (Grade 4)Small intestinal obstruction (Grade 3)Small intestinal obstruction (Grade 4)Fatigue (Grade 3)Fatigue (Grade 4)Cerebral infarction (Grade 3)Cerebral infarction (Grade 4)Hyperglycemia (Grade 3)Hyperglycemia (Grade 4)Dehydration (Grade 3)Dehydration (Grade 4)Deep vein thrombosis (Grade 3)Deep vein thrombosis (Grade 4)Myocardial infarction (Grade 3)Myocardial infarction (Grade 4)Subdural hematoma (Grade 3)Subdural hematoma (Grade 4)Perirectal abscess (Grade 3)Perirectal abscess (Grade 4)Hypoxia (Grade 3)Hypoxia (Grade 4)
A + FOLFOX 4 - Avastin Subgroup51000000100110200000102002000000
A+FFG - Avastin Subgrouup35103100001010000000000000001000

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Tumor Response - Avastin Subgroup

Response using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria. Complete Response=disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response=30% decrease in sum of longest diameter of target lesions; Progressive Disease=20% increase in sum of longest diameter of target lesions; Stable Disease=small changes that do not meet above criteria. (NCT00192075)
Timeframe: baseline to measured progressive disease (every 7-8 weeks for 2 cycles, monthly for 3 months, every other month for 6 months, then every 3 months up to 4.4 years)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Complete Response (CR)Partial Response (PR)Overall Response Rate (CR+PR)Stable Disease (SD)Disease Control Rate (CR+PR+SD)Progressive DiseaseUnknown
A + FOLFOX 4 - Avastin Subgroup18981710
A+FFG - Avastin Subgroup000111161

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Tumor Response by Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST)

Response using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria. Complete Response=disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response=30% decrease in sum of longest diameter of target lesions; Progressive Disease=20% increase in sum of longest diameter of target lesions; Stable Disease=small changes that do not meet above criteria. (NCT00192075)
Timeframe: baseline to measured progressive disease (every 7-8 weeks for 2 cycles, monthly for 3 months, every other month for 6 months, then every 3 months up to 4.4 years)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Complete Response (CR)Partial Response (PR)Overall Response Rate (CR+PR)Stable Disease (SD)Disease Control Rate (CR+PR+SD)Progressive DiseaseUnknown
A + FOLFOX 421517163372
A+FFG1342125143

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Duration of Response - A+FOLFOX4 - Avastin Subgroup

The duration of a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) was defined as the time from first objective status assessment of CR or PR to the first time of progression or death as a result of any cause. (NCT00192075)
Timeframe: date of first response until the first date of documented progression or death from any cause (every 7-8 weeks for 2 cycles, monthly for 3 months, every other month for 6 months, then every 3 months up to 4.4 years)

Interventionmonths (Median)
A + FOLFOX 4 - Avastin Subgroup5.2

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Progression-Free Survival - Avastin Subgroup

Defined as the time from date of first dose to the first observation of disease progression, or death due to any cause. (NCT00192075)
Timeframe: randomization to the first date of progression or death from any cause (every 7-8 weeks for 2 cycles, monthly for 3 months, every other month for 6 months, then every 3 months up to 4.4 years)

Interventionmonths (Median)
A+FFG - Avastin Subgroup13.7
A + FOLFOX 4 - Avastin Subgroup11.5

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Progression-Free Survival

Defined as the time from randomization to the first observation of disease progression, or death due to any cause. (NCT00192075)
Timeframe: randomization to the first date of progression or death from any cause (every 7-8 weeks for 2 cycles, monthly for 3 months, every other month for 6 months, then every 3 months up to 4.4 years)

Interventionmonths (Median)
A+FFG8.6
A + FOLFOX 49.5

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Overall Survival

Overall survival is the duration from enrollment to death. For patients who are alive, overall survival is censored at the last contact. (NCT00192075)
Timeframe: randomization to the date of death from any cause (every 7-8 weeks for 2 cycles, monthly for 3 months, every other month for 6 months, then every 3 months up to 4.4 years)

Interventionmonths (Median)
A+FFG20.6
A + FOLFOX 419.7

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Duration of Response

The duration of a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) was defined as the time from first objective status assessment of CR or PR to the first time of progression or death as a result of any cause. (NCT00192075)
Timeframe: date of first response until the first date of documented progression or death from any cause (every 7-8 weeks for 2 cycles, monthly for 3 months, every other month for 6 months, then every 3 months up to 4.4 years)

Interventionmonths (Median)
A+FFG12.7
A + FOLFOX 47.9

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Time to Progressive Disease

Defined as the time from study enrollment to the first date of disease progression. Time to disease progression was censored at the date of death if death was due to other cause. (NCT00192075)
Timeframe: randomization to the date of first documented disease progression or death due to disease under study, whichever comes first (every 7-8 weeks for 2 cycles, monthly for 3 months, every other month for 6 months, then every 3 months up to 4.4 years)

Interventionmonths (Median)
A+FFG8.6
A + FOLFOX 49.7

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Time to Progression

Progression per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) or Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Progression RECIST PD=at least a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter (LD) of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum LD recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions or Appearance of one or more new lesions and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions PSA progression=increase in PSA to >50% above lowest level recorded on study. Two consecutive increases required at least 4 weeks apart, but time to progression will be determined at time of first PSA showing increase > 50% above baseline *Note, upper confidence interval was not reached* (NCT00216099)
Timeframe: Study enrollment until progression per RECIST or PSA (for life)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pemetrexed 500mg/m^25

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Time to Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)/Serological Progression

Serological Progression (sPD) - increase in PSA to >50% above lowest level recorded on study. Two consecutive increases required at least 4 weeks apart, but time to progression will be determined at time of first PSA showing increase > 50% above baseline (NCT00216099)
Timeframe: From study enrollment to progression per PSA criteria (for life)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pemetrexed 500mg/m^22

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Best Overall PSA Response

"Best overall Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) response~PSA response is defined by a greater than or equal to 50% decline in PSA confirmed by a second PSA value at least 4 weeks after the first PSA response timepoint PSA Stable Disease is defined as less than a 50% decline in PSA and less than a 50% increase in PSA from baseline PSA progression is defined as greater than or equal to a 50% increase in PSA compared to baseline" (NCT00216099)
Timeframe: Start of treatment until disease progression/recurrence (for life)

Interventionpercentage of participatns (Number)
>50% decline in PSAStable PSAPSA progression
Pemetrexed 500mg/m^282065

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RFC1 G80A Genotype

Samples for RFC1 G80A pharmacogenetic analysis were collected at screening (NCT00216099)
Timeframe: Screening

Interventionparticipants (Number)
A/A GenotypeA/G GenotypeG/G Genotype
Pemetrexed 500mg/m^262218

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OBJECTIVE Overall Response Rate

"Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Objective overall response rate is defined as Complete Response (CR) + Partial Response (PR)~Per RECIST:~CR= Disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and normalization of tumor marker level PR= Disappearance of all target lesions and persistence of non-target lesion(s) or maintenance of tumor marker level above normal limits OR at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter, taking as reference the baseline sum longest diameter and disappearance of all non-target lesions or persistence of non-target lesion(s) or maintenance of tumor marker level above normal limits" (NCT00216099)
Timeframe: Start of treatment until disease progression/recurrence (for life)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Participants with PR with meas. dis. per RECISTparticipants with SD maintained at 12 weeks
Pemetrexed 500mg/m^2839

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Safety and Tolerability

Safety and Tolerability was evaluated by reporting the percentage of patient who experienced grade 3 or 4 toxicities using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events CTCAE v3.0 criteria. CTCAE grades the severity of an adverse event from 1-5 where 1=least severe and 5=death. (NCT00216099)
Timeframe: 18 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Grade 3Grade 4
Pemetrexed 500mg/m^242.98.2

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Overall Survival

(NCT00216099)
Timeframe: From study enrollment until death (for life)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pemetrexed 500mg/m^214

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Rate of Clinical Benefit

"A clinical benefit is defined as an improvement for at least 3 consecutive weeks in at least one of the following parameters without any sustained worsening in any other:~> 50% reduction in analgesic consumption or > 50% reduction in pain intensity or > 20 point gain in performance status." (NCT00216099)
Timeframe: Any time among evaluable subjects (for life)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Pemetrexed 500mg/m^233

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Incidence of Central Nervous System (CNS) Hemorrhagic Events

Number of events of brain or central nervous system (CNS) bleeding (NCT00227019)
Timeframe: 18 months

InterventionCNS hemorrhagic events (Number)
Bevacizumab + Pemetrexed0

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Overall Survival (OS)

"Overall Survival (OS) is defined as the duration of time from start of treatment to deat.~Kaplan-Meier survival curves for OS were generated with IBM SPSS Statistics version 19.0 (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL)." (NCT00227019)
Timeframe: 18 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Bevacizumab + Pemetrexed14.8

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Progression-free Survival (PFS)

"Progression-free survival (PFS) is defined as the duration of time from start of treatment to time of documented disease progression or death.~Kaplan-Meier survival curves for PFS were generated with IBM SPSS Statistics version 19.0 (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL)." (NCT00227019)
Timeframe: 18 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Bevacizumab + Pemetrexed7.2

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Correlation Between Baseline Blood Folate Levels and Dietary Intake

Baseline blood folate lab levels and dietary intake levels are reported. (NCT00249288)
Timeframe: Baseline

Interventionnanograms/mL (Mean)
Serum folate, ng/mlRBC folate, ng/ml
Overall14.5569.3

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Correlations Between Baseline Blood Homocysteine Levels and Clinical Ratings of Negative Symptoms by Comparing Lab Levels in Deficit Syndrome Versus Non-deficit Syndrome Patients

Baseline blood homocysteine lab levels are reported by deficit syndrome status. (NCT00249288)
Timeframe: Baseline

Interventionmicromoles/liter (Mean)
Deficit Syndrome9.4
Not Deficit Syndrome9.7

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Correlation Between Baseline Homocysteine Levels and Smoking Status

Baseline blood homocysteine lab levels are reported by smoking status. (NCT00249288)
Timeframe: Baseline

Interventionmicromoles per liter (Mean)
Current Smoker9.1
Past Smoker10.8
Never Smoker9

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Correlation Between Baseline Blood Homocysteine Levels and Dietary Intake

Baseline blood homocysteine lab levels and dietary intake levels are reported. (NCT00249288)
Timeframe: Baseline

Interventionmicromoles/liter (Mean)
Overall9.6

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Correlation Between Baseline Blood B12 Levels and MTHFR Genotype

Baseline blood B12 lab levels are reported by MTHFR genotype. (NCT00249288)
Timeframe: Baseline

Interventionpicograms per milliliter (Mean)
CC Genotype605.5
T- Genotype557.1

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Correlation Between Baseline Blood Folate or B12 Levels and Dietary Intake

Baseline blood folate and B12 lab levels and dietary intake levels are reported. (NCT00249288)
Timeframe: Baseline

Interventionmicrograms (Mean)
Total folate, mcgDietary folate, mcgNatural folate, mcgSynthetic folate, mcgTotal B12, mcg
Overall531.3765.7198.8333.47.5

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Correlation Between Baseline Serum B12 Levels and Dietary Intake

Baseline serum B12 lab levels and dietary intake levels are reported. (NCT00249288)
Timeframe: Baseline

Interventionpicograms/mL (Mean)
Overall566.6

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Correlation Between Baseline Serum B12 Levels and Smoking Status

Baseline serum B12 lab levels are reported by smoking status. (NCT00249288)
Timeframe: Baseline

Interventionpicograms per milliliter (Mean)
Current Smoker625
Past Smoker436
Never Smoker574

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Correlations Between Baseline Blood B12 Levels and Clinical Ratings of Negative Symptoms by Comparing Lab Levels in Deficit Syndrome Versus Non-deficit Syndrome Patients

Baseline blood B12 lab levels are reported by deficit syndrome status. (NCT00249288)
Timeframe: Baseline

Interventionpicograms/mL (Mean)
Deficit Syndrome603
Not Deficit Syndrome513

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Correlation Between Baseline Blood Homocysteine Levels and MTHFR Genotype

Baseline blood homocysteine lab levels are reported by MTHFR genotype. (NCT00249288)
Timeframe: Baseline

Interventionmicromoles/liter (Mean)
CC Genotype9.4
T- Genotype9.6

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Correlation Between Baseline Blood Folate and Smoking Status

Baseline blood folate lab levels are reported by smoking status. (NCT00249288)
Timeframe: Baseline

,,
Interventionnanograms per milliliter (Mean)
Serum folate, ng/mlRBC folate, ng/ml
Current Smoker14.6614
Never Smoker14.2475
Past Smoker14.6542

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Correlation Between Baseline Blood Folate and MTHFR Genotype

Baseline blood folate lab levels are reported by MTHFR genotype. (NCT00249288)
Timeframe: Baseline

,
Interventionnanograms/mL (Mean)
Serum folate, ng/mlRBC folate, ng/ml
CC Genotype13.3624.8
T- Genotype15.2542.8

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Efficacy of Folate Supplementation for Reducing Negative Symptoms as Measured by the SANS Modified Total

The change from baseline to week 12 on the scale for the assessment of negative symptoms (SANS) modified total score. Total SANS scores range from 0-100. The SANS is comprised of 5 sub-scales: Affective Flattening or Blunting (score range 0-35), Alogia (score range 0-20), Avolition-Apathy (score range 0-15), Anhedonia-Asociality (score range 0-20), and Attention (0-10). For each sub-scale, the higher the score the more prominent the negative symptoms were. The total score was computed by adding all the sub-scale total scores. To compute change in scores, baseline scores were subtracted from week 12 scores, resulting in a change score. Lower values signify greater improvement (i.e. week 12 score was lower than baseline score). The SANS modified total score is the SANS total score minus the Attention subscale. (NCT00249288)
Timeframe: Baseline score vs. week 12 score

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Folate-8.5
Placebo-9.7

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Correlations Between Baseline Blood Folate and Clinical Ratings of Negative Symptoms by Comparing Lab Levels in Deficit Syndrome Versus Non-deficit Syndrome Patients

Baseline blood folate lab levels are reported by deficit syndrome status. (NCT00249288)
Timeframe: Baseline

,
Interventionnanograms/mL (Mean)
Serum folate, ng/mlRBC folate, ng/ml
Deficit Syndrome14.9585
Not Deficit Syndrome14.0546

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Overall Survival

Survival time will be defined as the time from registration to death. Time to event distributions will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Overall Survival (OS) will be compared between Arm A and Arm B. (NCT00265850)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years post-treatment

Interventionmonths (Median)
Arm A: FOLFOX or FOLFIRI + Bevacizumab29.0
Arm B: FOLFOX or FOLFIRI + Cetuximab30.0

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Progression-free Survival (PFS)

PFS will be measured from study entry until first documented progression or death from any cause. Time to event distributions will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. PFS will be compared between Arm A and Arm B. (NCT00265850)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years post-treatment

Interventionmonths (Median)
Arm A: FOLFOX or FOLFIRI + Bevacizumab10.6
Arm B: FOLFOX or FOLFIRI + Cetuximab10.5

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5-year Recurrence-free Survival Rate

Recurrence free survival is defined as time from surgery to disease recurrence or death without recurrence (whichever occurred first) among resected patients. 5-year recurrence-free survival rate is estimated using Kaplan-Meier method, with 90% confidence interval calculated using Greenwood's formula. (NCT00321685)
Timeframe: recurrence follow-up began after post-operative chemotherapy, assessed every 3 months for patients 3-5 years from registration, every 6 months for patients 5-10 years from registration and every 12 months for patients 10 years from registration

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm I81

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5-year Overall Survival Rate

Overall survival is defined as time from registration to death from any cause. 5-year overall survival rate is estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT00321685)
Timeframe: survival follow-up began after post-operative chemotherapy, assessed every 3 months for patients 3-5 years from registration, every 6 months for patients 5-10 years from registration and every 12 months for patients 10 years from registration

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm I80

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Resection Rate for T3 Rectal Cancers

Resection rate is defined as number of patients with T3 rectal cancer who underwent curative surgical resection among all eligible and treated patients with T3 rectal cancers (NCT00321685)
Timeframe: Assessed at surgery time

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm I92

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Resection Rate for T4 Rectal Cancers

Resection rate is defined as number of patients with T4 rectal cancer who underwent curative surgical resection among all eligible and treated patients with T4 rectal cancers (NCT00321685)
Timeframe: Assessed at surgery time

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm I75

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Pathologic Complete Response Rate

Pathologic complete response to preoperative therapy was determined at the time of surgical resection. Pathologic complete response (pCR) is defined as no evidence of invasive cells on pathologic examination of the primary rectal cancer (or tissue from the area where the tumor had been if there is a complete clinical response). Pathologic complete response rate is calculated as number of patients achieving pathologic complete response divided by all eligible and treated patients (NCT00321685)
Timeframe: Assessed at surgery time

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm I17

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Number of Participants With Chronic Primary Hypothyroidism/Subclinical Compensatory HypothyroidismHypothyroidism/Subclinical Compensatory Hypothyroidism

"Thyroid function was assessed as per ACNS0334 Endocrine Guidelines. Normal and Abnormal are defined at each institution by the laboratory standards where the blood tests are run. Primary Hypothyroidism/Subclinical Compensatory Hypothyroidism is defined as patients with Free T4 level less than Institutional Normal or equal to Institutional Normal with TSH level greater than Institutional Normal." (NCT00336024)
Timeframe: Off-treatment up to 9 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I (Patients Treated Without Methotrexate (MTX))3
Arm II (Patients Treated With MTX)5

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Number of Participants With Chronic Low Somatomedin C

Low Somatomedin C is defined as patients with somatomedin C value less than institutional normal. As numbers are too small, descriptive statistics such as number will be reported for this analysis. Growth hormone function was assessed as per ACNS0334 Endocrine Guidelines. Low Somatomedin C levels are defined at each institution by the laboratory standards where the blood tests are run. (NCT00336024)
Timeframe: Off-treatment up to 9 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I (Patients Treated Without Methotrexate (MTX))2
Arm II (Patients Treated With MTX)5

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Number of Participants With Chronic Diabetes Insipidus

"The number of patients who had Diabetes Insipidus and on DDAVP will be reported for this analysis due to small numbers.." (NCT00336024)
Timeframe: Beginning of off-treatment to up to 9 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I (Patients Treated Without Methotrexate (MTX))1
Arm II (Patients Treated With MTX)1

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Number of Participants With Chronic Central Hypothyroidism

"Thyroid function was assessed as per ACNS0334 Endocrine Guidelines. Normal and Abnormal are defined at each institution by the laboratory standards where the blood tests are run. Central Hypothyroidism is defined as Free T4 level less than Institutional Normal with TSH less than or equal to Institutional Normal." (NCT00336024)
Timeframe: Off-treatment up to 9 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I (Patients Treated Without Methotrexate (MTX))1
Arm II (Patients Treated With MTX)1

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Rates of Nutritional Toxicities

Rates of nutritional toxicities reported as Adverse Events during therapy for each cycle will be summarized using standard descriptive methods (such as number of patients). The difference in number of patients with nutritional toxicities between the two treatment regimens will be compared using a Chi-square test. (NCT00336024)
Timeframe: Beginning of treatment to the end of consolidation

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Nutritional Disorders Induction Cycle INo Nutritional Disorders Induction Cycle INutritional Disorders Induction Cycle IINo Nutritional Disorders Induction Cycle IINutritional Disorders Induction Cycle IIINo Nutritional Disorders Induction Cycle IIINutritional Disorders Consolidation Cycle INo Nutritional Disorders Consolidation Cycle INutritional Disorders Consolidation Cycle IINo Nutritional Disorders Consolidation Cycle IINutritional Disorders Consolidation Cycle IIINo Nutritional Disorders Consolidation Cycle III
Arm I (Patients Treated Without Methotrexate (MTX))1029132673212279301029
Arm II (Patients Treated With MTX)172113251226830533533

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Rates of Gastrointestinal Toxicities

Rates of gastrointestinal toxicities reported as Adverse Events during therapy for each cycle will be summarized using standard descriptive methods (such as number of patients). The difference in number of patients with gastrointestinal toxicities between the two treatment regimens will be compared using a Chi-square test. (NCT00336024)
Timeframe: Beginning of treatment to the end of consolidation

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
GI Tox Induction Cycle INo GI Tox Induction Cycle IGI Tox Induction Cycle IINo GI Tox Induction Cycle IIGI Tox Induction Cycle IIINo GI Tox Induction Cycle IIIGI Tox Consolidation Cycle INo GI Tox Consolidation Cycle IGI Tox Consolidation Cycle IINo GI Tox Consolidation Phase IIGI Tox Consolidation Cycle IIINo GI Tox Consolidation Cycle III
Arm I (Patients Treated Without Methotrexate (MTX))8314354351128732534
Arm II (Patients Treated With MTX)1226102883014241028632

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Median/Range of Patients for Total Quality of Life (QOL) Score, Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and Processing Speed Index (PSI).

"Three tools are used to assess intelligence (IQ) depending on age. The range of IQ scores is 40-160 (mean=100, SD=15); range for the Processing Speed Index (PSI)=45-155. Higher scores represent better functioning. (1) Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-4th Edition (WPPSI-IV) is used for ages 2.5 to 6 years. Bug Search and Cancellation subtests are summed to calculate PSI. (2) Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children-5th Edition (WISC-V) is used for ages 6 - 16 years. Symbol Search and Coding subtests are summed to calculate PSI. (3) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales-4th Edition (WAIS-IV) is used for ages 16 and older. Symbol Search and Coding subtests are summed to calculate PSI.~The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4 (PedsQL) measures health-related quality of life (QOL). Parents complete the measure for children ages 2-17, and patients > 18 complete a self-report version. Total scores range from 0-100, with higher scores representing better QOL." (NCT00336024)
Timeframe: 60 months (+/- 3 months)

,
Interventionscores on a scale (Median)
Total Quality of Life ScoreIntelligence QuotientProcessing Speed Index
Arm I (Patients Treated Without Methotrexate (MTX))60.577.082.0
Arm II (Patients Treated With MTX)56.578.589.0

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Percentage of Participants With Event Free Survival (EFS)

EFS was defined as time from enrollment to the occurrence of first event (disease progression/relapse, secondary malignancy, death from any cause) or date of last contact for patients who are event-free. The percentage of participants with EFS and 90% confidence interval were provided. The difference in incidence for the two treatment regimens were compared using a one-sided log-rank test with a significance level of 0.1. (NCT00336024)
Timeframe: Baseline to up to 5 years

Interventionpercentage of participants with EFS (Number)
Arm I (Patients Treated Without Methotrexate (MTX))43.6
Arm II (Patients Treated With MTX)54.9

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Percentage of Participants With Any Acute Adverse Events

Event is defined as the first occurrence of any acute toxicity. Estimates will be obtained using life-table methods. Patients who have progression or recurrence of disease will be censored in this analysis. Difference in incidence for the two treatment regimens will be compared using log-rank test. (NCT00336024)
Timeframe: Beginning of treatment to the end of consolidation

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm I (Patients Treated Without Methotrexate (MTX))97.4
Arm II (Patients Treated With MTX)97.2

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Number of Participants With Secondary Malignancies

The number of patients who had secondary malignancy will be reported for this analysis due to small numbers. (NCT00336024)
Timeframe: Off-treatment up to 9 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I (Patients Treated Without Methotrexate (MTX))1
Arm II (Patients Treated With MTX)0

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Disease-free Survival (DFS) for Randomized Methotrexate T-ALL Cohort (Arm I + Arm II vs. Arm III + Arm IV)

Disease Free Probability where DFS time is defined as time from randomization end of induction to first event (relapse, second malignant neoplasm, death) or date of last contact for patients who are event-free. (NCT00408005)
Timeframe: 4 years from randomization at the end of induction

Interventionpercent probability (Number)
ARM I and ARM II (Combination Chemotherapy)91.45
ARM III and ARM IV (Combination Chemotherapy)85.78

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Disease-free Survival (DFS) for T-cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (T-LLy) Cohort

Disease Free Probability where DFS time is defined as time from randomization end of induction to first event (relapse, second malignant neoplasm, death) or date of last contact for patients who are event-free. (NCT00408005)
Timeframe: 4 years from end of induction

Interventionpercent probability (Number)
Standard RiskHigh Risk
ARM I (Combination Chemotherapy)87.485.1

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Disease-free Survival (DFS) for Randomized Nelarabine T-ALL Cohort (Arm I vs. Arm II vs. Arm III vs. Arm IV)

Disease Free Probability where DFS time is defined as time from randomization end of induction to first event (relapse, second malignant neoplasm, death) or date of last contact for patients who are event-free. (NCT00408005)
Timeframe: 4 years from randomization at the end of induction

Interventionpercent probability (Number)
ARM I (Combination Chemotherapy)89.01
ARM II (Combination Chemotherapy)90.53
ARM III (Combination Chemotherapy)78.07
ARM IV (Combination Chemotherapy)86.46

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Cumulative Incidence of CNS Relapse for T-ALL by Risk Group

Cumulative incidence of CNS relapse adjusting for DFS events, was calculated using the method Gray et. al. High risk patients receive cranial radiation and low risk patients receive no cranial radiation. (NCT00408005)
Timeframe: 4 years from randomization at the end of induction

,
Interventionpercent probability (Number)
Intermediate RiskHigh Risk
ARM II (Combination Chemotherapy)1.080
ARM IV (Combination Chemotherapy)0.853.45

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Disease-free Survival (DFS) for Randomized Nelarabine T-ALL Cohort (Arm I + Arm III vs. Arm II + Arm IV)

Disease Free Probability where DFS time is defined as time from randomization end of induction to first event (relapse, second malignant neoplasm, death) or date of last contact for patients who are event (NCT00408005)
Timeframe: 4 years from randomization at the end of induction

Interventionpercent probability (Number)
ARM I and ARM III (Combination Chemotherapy)82.96
ARM II and ARM IV (Combination Chemotherapy)88.30

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Disease-free Survival (DFS) for Randomized Methotrexate T-ALL Cohort (Arm I vs. Arm II vs. Arm III vs. Arm IV)

Disease-free survival defined as time from randomization end of induction to first event (relapse, second malignant neoplasm, remission death) or date of last contact for those who are event-free. (NCT00408005)
Timeframe: 4 years from randomization at the end of induction

Interventionpercent probability (Number)
ARM I (Combination Chemotherapy)91.76
ARM II (Combination Chemotherapy)90.53
ARM III (Combination Chemotherapy)86.06
ARM IV (Combination Chemotherapy)84.89

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Cumulative Incidence of CNS Relapse for T-ALL by Risk Group

Cumulative incidence of CNS relapse adjusting for DFS events, was calculated using the method Gray et. al. High risk patients receive cranial radiation and low risk patients receive no cranial radiation. (NCT00408005)
Timeframe: 4 years from randomization at the end of induction

,
Interventionpercent probability (Number)
Low RiskIntermediate RiskHigh Risk
ARM I (Combination Chemotherapy)1.851.163.64
ARM III (Combination Chemotherapy)1.929.16.52

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Disease-free Survival (DFS) for T-cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (T-LLy) Cohort

Disease Free Probability where DFS time is defined as time from randomization end of induction to first event (relapse, second malignant neoplasm, death) or date of last contact for patients who are event-free. (NCT00408005)
Timeframe: 4 years from end of induction

Interventionpercent probability (Number)
High RiskInduction Failure
ARM II (Combination Chemotherapy)85.0100

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Molar Pregnancy

(NCT00467363)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionpregnancy (Number)
Aspirin0
Placebo0

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Live Birth

Live birth was obtained prospectively by maternal report and abstraction from medical records by trained staff . (NCT00467363)
Timeframe: after delivery

Interventionlivebirths (Number)
Aspirin309
Placebo286

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hCG Recognized Pregnancy

(NCT00467363)
Timeframe: within 8-weeks of gestation

Interventionpregnancy (Number)
Aspirin394
Placebo363

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Fetal Pregnancy Loss

(NCT00467363)
Timeframe: until 40 weeks

Interventionpregnancy (Number)
Aspirin4
Placebo6

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Ectopic Pregnancy

(NCT00467363)
Timeframe: within 6 weeks

Interventionpregnancy (Number)
Aspirin3
Placebo3

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Early Pregnancy Loss (EPL)

Implantation failures (NCT00467363)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionpregnancy (Number)
Aspirin28
Placebo27

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Clinically Recognized Pregnancy

(NCT00467363)
Timeframe: 8-weeks

Interventionpregnancy (Number)
Aspirin374
Placebo346

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Stillbirth

(NCT00467363)
Timeframe: 40 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Aspirin2
Placebo2

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Preeclampsia

(NCT00467363)
Timeframe: until delivery

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Aspirin32
Placebo30

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Small for Gestational Age Infant

birthweight (NCT00467363)
Timeframe: until delivery

Interventiongrams (Mean)
Aspirin3327
Placebo3315

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Abruption

Partial or complete abruption (ie, premature separation of the placenta) (NCT00467363)
Timeframe: until delivery

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Aspirin7
Placebo5

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Preterm Birth

(NCT00467363)
Timeframe: until delivery

Interventioninfants (Number)
Aspirin22
Placebo31

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Pregnancy Losses Occurring Less Than 10 Weeks

Includes preembryonic and embryonic losses (exclusive of implantation failures) (NCT00467363)
Timeframe: less than 10-weeks

Interventionpregnancy (Number)
Aspirin56
Placebo53

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Progression-free Survival (PFS) Time

PFS time was calculated as the number of days from study day 1 to the date of PD or death, regardless of cause (date of PD or death - study day 1 + 1). (NCT00481871)
Timeframe: Response assessments were performed no less than every 3 cycles in the Phase 1 part of the study and every 8 weeks (± 1 week) in the Phase 2a part of the study

Interventiondays (Median)
Phase 153.0
Phase 2 - Group B59.0
Phase 2 - Group C54.0

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Objective Responses Assessed by International Workshop Criteria (IWC)

Number of participants who achieved an objective response. Objective response was defined as a tumor response assessment of either complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) and was determined only for patients with measurable disease at baseline. A tumor response assessment reported by IWC without PET was used for any analyses in cases where an IWC+PET evaluation was not done. (NCT00481871)
Timeframe: Assessed every 8 weeks (+/- 1 week) for Phase II and no less than every 3 cycles for Phase I

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Phase 18
Phase 2 - Group B5
Phase 2 - Group C7

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Duration of Response

Duration of response was defined as the number of days between the date of first tumor response assessment of objective response to the time of the first tumor response assessment of progressive disease (PD) or death due to any cause (date of first PD assessment or death - date of first objective response assessment + 1) (NCT00481871)
Timeframe: Response assessments were performed no less than every 3 cycles in the Phase 1 part of the study and every 8 weeks (± 1 week) in the Phase 2a part of the study

Interventiondays (Median)
Phase 1174
Phase 2 - Group B210
Phase 2 - Group C170

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Number of Patients With an Objective Disease Progression Event

Number of patients with objective disease progression or death (by any cause in the absence of objective progression) (NCT00500292)
Timeframe: RECIST tumour assessments carried out at screening and then as per site clinical practice until objective progression. The only additional mandatory tumour assessment visit is at the point of data cut-off (5 March 2008 +/-3 days)

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Vandetanib 100 mg Plus FOLFOX23
Vandetanib 300 mg Plus FOLFOX27
Placebo Plus FOLFOX24

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Complete Pathologic Response Rate

"The complete pathologic response (path CR) rate after treatment calculated as the percentage of participants with path CR out of the total participants, where the path CR is defined as absence of tumor cells in the surgical specimen and all registered participants are used in the denominator for calculating the path CR rate.~Primary gastric carcinoma is not measurable by conventional criteria thus usual response criteria cannot be applied. The following criteria for response assessment applied: Pathologic Complete Response: Absence of tumor cells in the surgical specimen, 95% or more necrosis of the cancer; Complete Clinical Response: Absence of tumor on endoscopy, biopsy, cytology, or both." (NCT00525785)
Timeframe: Restaging and surgical resection at 4-6 weeks after completion of chemoradiotherapy, approximately at 16 weeks into treatment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
5-Fluorouracil + Folinic Acid + Oxaliplatin14

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Describe in Vitro Sensitivity as a Molecular Mechanism of Primary Resistance to Lestaurtinib in Leukemic Blasts

Described via means and standard deviations in samples which have primary resistance to lestaurtinib (NCT00557193)
Timeframe: Sampled at the start of induction

InterventionProportion of cells that are viable (Median)
Arm A (Standard Risk MLL-G)0.75
Arm B (IR/HR MLL-R Chemotherapy)0.48
Arm C (IR/HR MLL-R Chemotherapy and Lestaurtinib)0.47

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Percent Probability for Event-free Survival (EFS) for Patients on Arm A

EFS time is defined as time from treatment assignment to first event (relapse, second malignant neoplasm, death) or date of last contact for patients who are event-free. EFS is constructed using the Kaplan-Meier life table method with confidence interval based on standard errors computed using the method of Peto and Peto. (NCT00557193)
Timeframe: From start of post-induction therapy for up to 10 years

Interventionpercentage probability (Number)
Arm A (Standard Risk MLL-G)86.67

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Percent Probability for Event-free Survival (EFS) for Patients on Arm C at Dose Level 2 (DL2)

EFS time is defined as time from randomization to first event (relapse, second malignant neoplasm, death) or date of last contact for patients who are event-free. EFS is constructed using the Kaplan-Meier life table method with confidence interval based on standard errors computed using the method of Peto and Peto. (NCT00557193)
Timeframe: From start of post-induction therapy for up to 10 years

Interventionpercentage probability (Number)
Arm C (Safety/Efficacy Dose Level 2)35.82

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Percent Probability of Event Free Survival (EFS) by MRD Status and Treatment Arm

Three-year EFS estimates and 90% CI will be reported by treatment arm and end-induction MRD status. (NCT00557193)
Timeframe: 3 Years from end of Induction)

Interventionpercent probability (Number)
Arm A (MRD Negative)86.05
Arm A (MRD Positive)87.5
Arm B (MRD Negative)47.37
Arm B (MRD Positive)22.73
Arm C (MRD Negative)51.85
Arm C (MRD Positive)27.03

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Pharmacodynamics PIA Levels in Infants Given Lestaurtinib at DL2 in Combination With Chemotherapy

Summarized with mean and standard deviation for those with available data in Arm C (NCT00557193)
Timeframe: Sampled between weeks 6-12 from start of induction

InterventionActivity percentage (Mean)
Arm C (Safety/Efficacy Dose Level 2)69.00

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Percent Probability for Event-free Survival (EFS) of MLL-R Infants Treated With Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Lestaurtinib at DL2

Event Free Probability where EFS time is defined as time from randomization to first event (relapse, second malignant neoplasm, death) or date of last contact for patients who are event-free. EFS is constructed using the Kaplan-Meier life table method with confidence interval based on standard errors computed using the method of Peto and Peto. EFS will be compared between patients on treatment Arm C at DL2 to those on Arm B. (NCT00557193)
Timeframe: From start of post-induction therapy for up to 10 years.

Interventionpercent probability (Number)
Arm B (IR/HR MLL-R Chemotherapy)38.89
Arm C (IR/HR MLL-R Chemotherapy and Lestaurtinib)35.82

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Describe FLT3 Protein Expression as a Molecular Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to Lestaurtinib in Leukemic Blasts

Described via means and standard deviations in available Arm C relapse samples (NCT00557193)
Timeframe: At relapse (up to 3 years)

InterventionqPCR fold expression ratio (Mean)
Arm C (Safety/Efficacy Dose Level 2)5.73

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Describe FLT3 Protein Expression as a Molecular Mechanism of Primary Resistance to Lestaurtinib in Leukemic Blasts

Described via mean and standard deviation by group. (NCT00557193)
Timeframe: Sampled at the start of induction

InterventionqPCR fold expression ratio (Mean)
Arm A (Standard Risk MLL-G)1.25
Arm B (IR/HR MLL-R Chemotherapy)7.85
Arm C (IR/HR MLL-R Chemotherapy and Lestaurtinib)5.83

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Describe in Vitro Sensitivity as a Molecular Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to Lestaurtinib in Leukemic Blasts

Described via means and standard deviations in samples which have acquired resistance to lestaurtinib (NCT00557193)
Timeframe: At relapse (up to 3 years)

InterventionProportion of cells that are viable (Mean)
Arm C (IR/HR MLL-R Chemotherapy and Lestaurtinib)0.69

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Percentage of Participants With Improvement in Synovitis at Weeks 24 and 52

There were 2 definitions of improvement in synovitis. A participant met the criterion for definition 1 when there was a drop in the magnetic resonance imaging synovitis score from Baseline > 0.5. A participant met the criterion for definition 2 when there was a drop in the magnetic resonance imaging synovitis score from Baseline > than the smallest detectable change. The synovitis score was determined according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) rheumatoid arthritis MRI (RAMRIS) scoring system in magnetic resonance images with and without gadolinium of 15 anatomical locations in each wrist and 10 locations in each hand in the hand and wrist with the most arthritic activity. If there was no difference in disease activity between the hands, the dominant hand was used. Images were assessed by 2 experienced blinded musculoskeletal radiologists. (NCT00578305)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 24 (Definition 1)Week 24 (Definition 2)Week 52 (Definition 1)Week 52 (Definition 2)
Placebo22.222.225.425.4
Rituximab 1000 mg56.756.760.060.0
Rituximab 500 mg41.941.954.854.8

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Percentage of Participants With Improvement in Osteitis at Weeks 24 and 52

There were 2 definitions of improvement in osteitis. A participant met the criterion for definition 1 when there was a drop in the magnetic resonance imaging osteitis score from Baseline > 0.5. A participant met the criterion for definition 2 when there was a drop in the magnetic resonance imaging osteitis score from Baseline > than the smallest detectable change. The osteitis score was determined according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) rheumatoid arthritis MRI (RAMRIS) scoring system in magnetic resonance images with and without gadolinium of 15 anatomical locations in each wrist and 10 locations in each hand in the hand and wrist with the most arthritic activity. If there was no difference in disease activity between the hands, the dominant hand was used. Images were assessed by 2 experienced blinded musculoskeletal radiologists. (NCT00578305)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 24 (Definition 1)Week 24 (Definition 2)Week 52 (Definition 1)Week 52 (Definition 2)
Placebo22.222.227.027.0
Rituximab 1000 mg51.751.751.751.7
Rituximab 500 mg50.050.058.158.1

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Percentage of Participants With European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Good, Moderate, or no Response at Weeks 24 and 52

Change of the DAS28 score from Baseline was used to determine the EULAR responses. For a post-Baseline score ≤ 3.2, a change from Baseline of < -1.2 was a good response, < -0.6 to ≥ -1.2 was a moderate response, and ≥ -0.6 was no response. For a post-Baseline score > 3.2 to ≤ 5.1, a change from Baseline of < -0.6 was a moderate response and ≥ -0.6 was no response. For a post-Baseline score > 5.1, a change from Baseline < -1.2 was a moderate response and ≥ -1.2 was no response. A good response could not be achieved for post-Baseline scores > 3.2. DAS28=(0.56×√(TJC28))+(0.28×√(SJC28))+(0.7×log(CRP))+(0.014×GH), where TJC28=tender joint count (JC) and SJC28=swollen JC (28 joints), GH=a participant's global assessment of disease activity in the previous 24 hours on a 100 mm visual analog scale (left end=no disease activity, right end=maximum disease activity), and CRP=C-reactive protein level. The DAS28 scale ranges from 0 to 10, where higher scores represent higher disease activity. (NCT00578305)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 24 - No responseWeek 24 - Moderate responseWeek 24 - Good responseWeek 52 (n = 63, 62, 59) - No responseWeek 52 (n = 63, 62, 59) - Moderate responseWeek 52 (n = 63, 62, 59) - Good response
Placebo58.722.219.060.331.77.9
Rituximab 1000 mg22.042.435.613.649.237.3
Rituximab 500 mg33.937.129.021.045.233.9

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Percentage of Participants With an Improvement of at Least 20%, 50%, or 70% in the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Score (ACR20/50/70) From Baseline at Weeks 24 and 52

Improvement must be seen in tender and swollen joint counts (28 assessed joints; Joints were evaluated and classified as swollen or not swollen and tender or not tender based on pressure and joint manipulation upon physical examination) and in at least 3 (NCT00578305)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 24 - ACR20 responseWeek 24 - ACR50 responseWeek 24 - ACR70 responseWeek 52 - ACR20 responseWeek 52 - ACR50 responseWeek 52 - ACR70 response
Placebo28.611.11.628.614.36.3
Rituximab 1000 mg51.726.78.368.335.016.7
Rituximab 500 mg51.624.211.367.737.117.7

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Percentage of Participants in Remission Response (Disease Activity Score 28 [DAS28] < 2.6) at Weeks 24 and 52

The percentage of participants in remission of their rheumatic arthritis at Weeks 24 and 52, as measured by a DAS28 score < 2.6, is reported. DAS28 is calculated with the following formula: DAS28 = (0.56 × √(TJC28)) + (0.28 × √(SJC28)) + (0.7 × log(CRO)) + (0.014 × GH), where TJC28 = tender joint count and SJC28 = swollen joint count, each on 28 joints, GH = a participant's global assessment of disease activity in the previous 24 hours on a 100 mm visual analog scale (left end = no disease activity [symptom-free and no arthritis symptoms], right end = maximum disease activity [maximum arthritis disease activity]), and CRP = C-reactive protein level. The DAS28 scale ranges from 0 to 10, where higher scores represent higher disease activity. (NCT00578305)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 24Week 52
Placebo12.77.9
Rituximab 1000 mg28.325.0
Rituximab 500 mg21.025.8

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Change From Baseline in the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) Score at Weeks 24 and 52

The HAQ-DI assesses how well the patient is able to perform 8 activities: Dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip, and activities. The patient answers 20 questions with 1 of 4 responses with the past week as the time frame: 0=without difficulty, 1=with some difficulty, 2=with much difficulty, and 3=unable to do. The highest score for any question in a category determines the category score. The total score ranges from 0 (no disability) to 3 (completely disabled). A negative change score indicates improvement. (NCT00578305)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

,,
InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Week 24 (n = 63, 62, 59)Week 52 (n = 63, 62, 59)
Placebo-0.194-0.177
Rituximab 1000 mg-0.439-0.417
Rituximab 500 mg-0.425-0.520

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Change in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Synovitis Score From Baseline to Weeks 12, 24, and Week 52

The synovitis score was determined according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) rheumatoid arthritis MRI scoring (RAMRIS) system in magnetic resonance images of 3 wrist regions and 5 metacarpophalangeal joints in the hand and wrist with the most arthritic activity. If there was no difference in disease activity between the hands, the dominant hand was used. Images were assessed by 2 experienced blinded musculoskeletal radiologists. Each location was scored in 0.5 increments from 0 to 3 with each integer unit increment representing a 33% enhancement of the maximum volume of enhancing tissue in the synovial compartment using the following scale: 0.0=normal, no synovitis; 0.5=1-17% estimated volume of enhancement; 1.0=18-33%; 1.5=34-50%; 2.0=51-67%; 2.5=68-83%; 3.0=84-100% estimated volume of enhancement. The individual scores were summed and normalized to a range of 0 to 100 with a higher score indicating more synovitis. A negative change score indicates improvement. (NCT00578305)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

,,
InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Week 12 (n = 58, 58, 56)Week 24 (n = 61, 59, 59)Week 52 (n = 61, 59, 59)
Placebo-0.220.20-0.01
Rituximab 1000 mg-1.15-1.81-2.73
Rituximab 500 mg-0.50-1.14-2.03

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Change in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Osteitis Score From Baseline to Weeks 12, 24, and Week 52

The osteitis score was determined according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) rheumatoid arthritis MRI scoring (RAMRIS) system in magnetic resonance images of 15 anatomical locations in each wrist and 10 locations in each hand in the hand and wrist with the most arthritic activity. If there was no difference in disease activity between the hands, the dominant hand was used. Each location was scored in 0.5 increments from 0 to 3 with each integer unit increment representing a 33% increase in the volume of the peripheral 1 cm of original (eroded + residual) articular bone using the following scale: 0.0=normal, no osteitis; 0.5=1-17% involvement of original articular bone; 1.0=18-33%; 1.5=34-50%; 2.0=51-67%; 2.5=68-83%; 3.0=84-100% involvement of original articular bone. The individual scores were summed and normalized to a range of 0 to 100 with a higher score indicating more synovitis. A negative change score indicates improvement. (NCT00578305)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

,,
InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Week 12 (n = 58, 58, 56)Week 24 (n = 61, 59, 59)Week 52 (n = 61, 59, 59)
Placebo-0.140.07-0.22
Rituximab 1000 mg-1.88-2.86-3.83
Rituximab 500 mg-2.11-2.91-4.75

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Change in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Erosion Score From Baseline to Week 24

The erosion score was determined according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) rheumatoid arthritis MRI scoring (RAMRIS) system in magnetic resonance images with and without gadolinium of 15 anatomical locations in each wrist and 10 locations in each hand in the hand and wrist with the most arthritic activity. If there was no difference in disease activity between the hands, the dominant hand was used. Images were assessed by 2 experienced blinded musculoskeletal radiologists. Each location was scored in 0.5 increments from 0 to 10 with each integer unit increment representing a 10% loss of articular bone using the following scale. 0.0=normal, no erosion; 0.5=1-5% erosion; 1.0=6-10% erosion; 1.5=11-15% erosion; 2.0=16-20% erosion; etc, up to 10.0=96-100% erosion. The individual scores were summed and normalized to a range of 0 to 100 with a higher score indicating more erosion. A negative change score indicates improvement. (NCT00578305)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Rituximab 500 mg0.13
Rituximab 1000 mg0.39
Placebo1.33

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Change in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Erosion Score From Baseline to Weeks 12 and 52

The erosion score was determined according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) rheumatoid arthritis MRI scoring (RAMRIS) system in magnetic resonance images with and without gadolinium of 15 anatomical locations in each wrist and 10 locations in each hand in the hand and wrist with the most arthritic activity. If there was no difference in disease activity between the hands, the dominant hand was used. Images were assessed by 2 experienced blinded musculoskeletal radiologists. Each location was scored in 0.5 increments from 0 to 10 with each integer unit increment representing a 10% loss of articular bone using the following scale. 0.0=normal, no erosion; 0.5=1-5% erosion; 1.0=6-10% erosion; 1.5=11-15% erosion; 2.0=16-20% erosion; etc, up to 10.0=96-100% erosion. The individual scores were summed and normalized to a range of 0 to 100 with a higher score indicating more erosion. A negative change score indicates improvement. (NCT00578305)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

,,
InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Week 12 (n = 58, 58, 56)Week 52 (n = 56, 57, 58)
Placebo0.333.02
Rituximab 1000 mg0.13-0.30
Rituximab 500 mg0.420.11

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Change From Baseline in the Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) at Weeks 24 and 52

The DAS28 is a combined index for measuring disease activity in rheumatic arthritis (RA) and includes swollen and tender joint counts, C-reactive protein level (CRP), and general health (GH) status. The index is calculated with the following formula: DAS28 = (0.56 × √(TJC28)) + (0.28 × √(SJC28)) + (0.7 × log(CRO)) + (0.014 × GH), where TJC28 = tender joint count and SJC28 = swollen joint count, each on 28 joints, GH = a participant's global assessment of disease activity in the previous 24 hours on a 100 mm visual analog scale (left end = no disease activity [symptom-free and no arthritis symptoms], right end = maximum disease activity [maximum arthritis disease activity]). The DAS28 scale ranges from 0 to 10, where higher scores represent higher disease activity. A negative change score indicates improvement. (NCT00578305)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

,,
InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Week 24 (n = 63, 62, 59)Week 52 (n = 63, 62, 59)
Placebo-0.752-0.747
Rituximab 1000 mg-1.683-1.801
Rituximab 500 mg-1.714-2.055

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Percentage of Participants Achieving a Major Clinical Response at Week 52

"A major clinical response was defined as an improvement of at least 70% in the American College of Rheumatology score from Baseline at Week 52. Improvement must be seen in tender and swollen joint counts (28 assessed joints) and in at least 3 of the following 5 parameters: Separate participant and physician assessments of participant disease activity in the previous 24 hours on a visual analog scale (VAS, the extreme left end of the line no disease activity [symptom-free and no arthritis symptoms] and the extreme right end maximum disease activity); participant assessment of pain in previous the 24 hours on a VAS (extreme left end of the line no pain and the extreme right end unbearable pain); Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (20 questions, 8 components: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip, and activities, 0=without difficulty to 3=unable to do); and C reactive protein level." (NCT00578305)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Rituximab 500 mg6.5
Rituximab 1000 mg6.7
Placebo1.6

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Correlation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessments and Clinical Outcome Measures

Correlation coefficients of magnetic resonance imaging erosion, synovitis, and osteitis scores and clinical outcome measures of swollen joint count (SJC), tender joint count (TJC), C-reactive protein level (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), a participant's global assessment of disease activity in the previous 24 hours on a 100 mm visual analog scale (GH), Disease Activity Score 28-C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP), and Disease Activity Score 28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) are reported. Not all of these variables were specified as primary or secondary Outcome Measures in the study protocol and were not individually analyzed. (NCT00578305)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

,,
InterventionCorrelation coefficient (Number)
Erosion score and SJC - Week 24Erosion score and SJC - Week 52Synovitis score and SJC - Week 24Synovitis score and SJC - Week 52Osteitis score and SJC - Week 24Osteitis score and SJC - Week 52Erosion score and TJC - Week 24Erosion score and TJC - Week 52Synovitis score and TJC - Week 24Synovitis score and TJC - Week 52Osteitis score and TJC - Week 24Osteitis score and TJC - Week 52Erosion score and CRP - Week 24Erosion score and CRP - Week 52Synovitis score and CRP - Week 24Synovitis score and CRP - Week 52Osteitis score and CRP - Week 24Osteitis score and CRP - Week 52Erosion score and ESR - Week 24Erosion score and ESR - Week 52Synovitis score and ESR - Week 24Synovitis score and ESR - Week 52Osteitis score and ESR - Week 24Osteitis score and ESR - Week 52Erosion score and GH - Week 24Erosion score and GH - Week 52Synovitis score and GH - Week 24Synovitis score and GH - Week 52Osteitis score and GH - Week 24Osteitis score and GH - Week 52Erosion score and DAS28-CRP - Week 24Erosion score and DAS28-CRP - Week 52Synovitis score and DAS28-CRP - Week 24Synovitis score and DAS28-CRP - Week 52Osteitis score and DAS28-CRP - Week 24Osteitis score and DAS28-CRP - Week 52Erosion score and DAS28-ESR - Week 24Erosion score and DAS28-ESR - Week 52Synovitis score and DAS28-ESR - Week 24Synovitis score and DAS28-ESR - Week 52Osteitis score and DAS28-ESR - Week 24Osteitis score and DAS28-ESR - Week 52
Placebo0.4460.3550.5660.5740.3700.3980.2980.4250.2820.4210.2880.3710.0060.3520.1920.3110.0400.1190.1970.3140.3580.3600.1480.2050.3260.3160.2060.2860.2050.1360.4570.4980.4370.5000.3510.3560.4390.4730.4380.5140.3530.356
Rituximab 1000 mg0.4250.2340.3890.1880.3540.1920.1150.0670.1740.0360.1180.048-0.0240.0980.0900.085-0.057-0.0100.1360.1880.2140.2480.0430.1160.043-0.0090.221-0.0370.1220.0520.1980.1270.3490.1500.2090.1430.2550.1800.3320.1470.2310.172
Rituximab 500 mg0.3410.2870.3290.1680.4070.2650.3640.2750.3360.1420.3550.2450.1850.0550.030-0.077-0.0310.0050.3210.1270.1820.1850.044-0.0410.2060.0630.186-0.0260.2740.1060.4200.2380.3930.1490.3800.1390.4290.2440.3980.1980.3530.108

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Percentage of Participants With no Progression/no Worsening in Bone Erosion at Weeks 24 and 52

There were 2 definitions of no progression/no worsening in bone erosion. A participant met the criterion for definition 1 when there was a change in the magnetic resonance imaging erosion score ≤ 0. A participant met the criteria for definition 2 when there was either (1) no change from Baseline in the MRI erosion score, (2) an increase in erosion score and the size of the increase in score was smaller than the smallest detectable change, or (3) a drop in the erosion score. The erosion score was determined according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) rheumatoid arthritis MRI scoring (RAMRIS) system in magnetic resonance images with and without gadolinium of 15 anatomical locations in each wrist and 10 locations in each hand in the hand and wrist with the most arthritic activity. If there was no difference in disease activity between the hands, the dominant hand was used. Images were assessed by 2 experienced blinded musculoskeletal radiologists. (NCT00578305)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 24 (Definition 1)Week 24 (Definition 2)Week 52 (Definition 1)Week 52 (Definition 2)
Placebo33.381.027.055.6
Rituximab 1000 mg51.796.755.093.3
Rituximab 500 mg50.088.748.485.5

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Percentage of Participants With no Newly Eroded Joints at Weeks 24 and 52

No newly eroded joints was defined as no new erosions in joints which were scored 0 at baseline. The erosion score was determined according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) rheumatoid arthritis MRI scoring (RAMRIS) system in magnetic resonance images with and without gadolinium of 15 anatomical locations in each wrist and 10 locations in each hand in the hand and wrist with the most arthritic activity. If there was no difference in disease activity between the hands, the dominant hand was used. Images were assessed by 2 experienced blinded musculoskeletal radiologists. Each location was scored in 0.5 increments from 0 to 10 with each integer unit increment representing a 10% loss of articular bone using the following scale. 0.0=normal, no erosion; 0.5=1-5% erosion; 1.0=6-10% erosion; 1.5=11-15% erosion; 2.0=16-20% erosion; etc, up to 10.0=96-100% erosion. (NCT00578305)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 24Week 52
Placebo55.560.3
Rituximab 1000 mg73.340
Rituximab 500 mg77.477.4

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Percentage of Participants With Low Disease Activity (Disease Activity Score 28 [DAS28] ≤ 3.2) at Weeks 24 and 52

The percentage of participants who had low rheumatic arthritis disease activity at Weeks 24 and 52, as measured by a DAS28 score ≤ 3.2, is reported. DAS28 is calculated with the following formula: DAS28 = (0.56 × √(TJC28)) + (0.28 × √(SJC28)) + (0.7 × log(CRO)) + (0.014 × GH), where TJC28 = tender joint count and SJC28 = swollen joint count, each on 28 joints, GH = a participant's global assessment of disease activity in the previous 24 hours on a 100 mm visual analog scale (left end = no disease activity [symptom-free and no arthritis symptoms], right end = maximum disease activity [maximum arthritis disease activity]), and CRP = C-reactive protein level. The DAS28 scale ranges from 0 to 10, where higher scores represent higher disease activity. (NCT00578305)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 24Week 52
Placebo19.09.5
Rituximab 1000 mg36.738.3
Rituximab 500 mg33.937.1

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Adverse Events of Patients Receiving Pralatrexate vs. Erlotinib

(NCT00606502)
Timeframe: Assessed every 2 weeks while on treatment through safety follow-up visit (35 +/-5 days post-last dose) or early termination visit (at time of withdrawal).

,
InterventionTreated Participants (Number)
At least one AEGrade 3 AEsGrade 4 AEsAt least one SAE
Erlotinib771802
Pralatrexate7525514

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Progression-free Survival (PFS) of Patients Receiving Pralatrexate vs. Erlotinib

PFS was calculated as the number of days from randomization to the date of radiological evidence of PD or death due to any cause. (NCT00606502)
Timeframe: Assessed every 8 weeks for the first 24 weeks, then every 16 weeks for up to 2 years or until PD or start of subsequent treatment.

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pralatrexate3.4
Erlotinib2.8

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Overall Survival (OS) of Patients Receiving Pralatrexate vs. Erlotinib

OS was defined as the length of time from randomization until death due to any cause. Patients who were alive at the time of the data cut-off date were censored at the last contact date. (NCT00606502)
Timeframe: Assessed from date of randomization no less frequently than every 16 weeks for up to 2 years after randomization.

InterventionMonths Survival (Median)
Pralatrexate6.7
Erlotinib7.0

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Response Rate (RR) to Treatment of Patients Receiving Pralatrexate vs. Erlotinib

Number of patients whose tumors responded to Pralatrexate or Erlotinib, using the Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). (NCT00606502)
Timeframe: Assessed every 8 weeks for the first 24 weeks, then every 16 weeks for up to 2 years or until PD or start of subsequent treatment.

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Complete + Partial ResponseComplete Response (CR)Partial Response (PR)Stable Disease (SD)Progressive Disease (PD)Disease Control (CR+PR+SD)Unable to EvaluateMissing (off or no treatment, not confirmed)
Erlotinib716353642020
Pralatrexate202332935231

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Proportion of Participants With Best Overall Tumor Response (Response Rate)

Response defined per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria: Complete Response (CR)=disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR)=30% decrease in sum of longest diameter of target lesions; Progressive Disease=20% increase in sum of longest diameter of target lesions; Stable Disease=small changes that do not meet above criteria. Best Overall Tumor Response is complete response plus partial response. (NCT00609518)
Timeframe: Baseline until disease progression, new therapy initiated, or death from any cause, up to 12 months after enrollment.

Interventionproportion of patients (Mean)
Standard Vitamin and Steroid Schedule + Pemetrexed0.118
Simplified Vitamin and Steroid Schedule + Pemetrexed0.064

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Progression-free Survival (PFS)

Defined as the time from date of first dose to the first observation of disease progression, or death due to any cause. For patients who are alive and have not progressed, PFS is censored at the date of last radiological assessment. (NCT00609518)
Timeframe: Randomization (≤4 weeks from baseline visit) to 12 months after randomization

Interventionmonths (Median)
Standard Vitamin and Steroid Schedule + Pemetrexed3.7
Simplified Vitamin and Steroid Schedule + Pemetrexed3.8

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Overall Survival

Overall survival is the duration from randomization to death. For patients who are alive, overall survival is censored at the date of last contact. (NCT00609518)
Timeframe: Randomization (≤4 weeks from baseline visit) to 12 months after randomization

Interventionmonths (Median)
Standard Vitamin and Steroid Schedule + Pemetrexed8.2
Simplified Vitamin and Steroid Schedule + Pemetrexed9.2

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Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS)

The change from baseline on the scale for the assessment of negative symptoms (SANS) total score. Total SANS scores range from 0-100. The SANS is comprised of 5 subscores: Affective Flattening or Blunting (score range 0-35), Alogia (score range 0-20), Avolition-Apathy (score range 0-15), Anhedonia-Asociality (score range 0-20), and Attention (0-10). For each scale, the higher the score the more prominent the negative symptoms were. The total score was computed by adding all the sub-scale total scores. Scores reported are change in symptoms per week, relative to baseline. A negative score represents a decrease in total SANS score per week, whereas a positive score represents an increase in total SANS score per week. (NCT00611806)
Timeframe: Baseline vs. Week 16

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Folate With B12-.19
Placebo.02

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Positive Sub Scale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)

The change from baseline on the positive symptom sub-scale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Total PANSS positive symptom sub-scale scores range from 7-49. The PANSS positive symptom sub-scale is comprised of 7 items rated on a scale of 1-7: delusions, conceptual disorganization, hallucinatory behavior, excitement, grandiosity, suspiciousness/persecution, and hostility. A score of one on each item 1 absent, 2 is minimal, 3 is mild, 4 is moderate, 5 is moderately severe, 6 is severe, and 7 is extreme. The total score was computed by adding all the items on the sub-scale together. Scores reported are change in symptoms per week, relative to baseline. A negative score represents a decrease in total PANSS score per week, whereas a positive score represents an increase in total PANSS score per week. (NCT00611806)
Timeframe: Baseline vs. Week 16

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Folate With B12-.06
Placebo-.04

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Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and FOLH1, MTHRF, MTR, and COMT Genotype

The change from baseline on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) (including FOLH1, MTHRF, MTR, and COMT genotype simultaneously into a linear mixed model).The PANNS has three sub-scales: positive (score range 7-49), negative (score range 7-49), and general psychopathology (score range 16-112). The PANSS negative and positive symptom sub-scale is comprised of 7 items rated on a scale of 1-7 representing the negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia, respectively, and the general psychopathology sub-scale is comprised of 16 items rated on a scale of 1-7 representing symptoms of general psychopathology in mental illness. The total score was computed by adding all the items on the sub-scale together. Scores reported are change in symptoms per week, relative to baseline. A negative score represents a decrease in total PANSS score per week, whereas a positive score represents an increase in total PANSS score per week. (NCT00611806)
Timeframe: Baseline vs. Week 16

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Folate With B12-.21
Placebo-.1

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Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)

The change from baseline on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).The PANNS has three subscales: positive (score range 7-49), negative (score range 7-49), and general psychopathology (score range 16-112). The PANSS positive symptom sub-scale is comprised of 7 items rated on a scale of 1-7, representing positive symptoms of schizophrenia. The PANSS negative symptom subscale is comprised of 7 items rated on a scale of 1-7 representing the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and the general psychopathology subscale is comprised of 16 items rated on a scale of 1-7 representing symptoms of general psychopathology in mental illness. The total score was computed by adding all the items on the sub-scale together. Scores reported are change in symptoms per week, relative to baseline. A negative score represents a decrease in total PANSS score per week, whereas a positive score represents an increase in total PANSS score per week. (NCT00611806)
Timeframe: Baseline vs. Week 16

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Folate With B12-.21
Placebo-.22

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Overall Survival (OS)

Estimated 4-year survival, where survival is calculated as the time from study enrollment to death from any cause or last follow-up alive whichever occurs first. Kaplan-Meier method is used for estimation. Patients alive at last contact are censored. (NCT00653068)
Timeframe: Up to 4 years after study enrollment

InterventionEstimated Probability (Number)
Stratum I0.3888
Stratum III0.5486

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Non-hematological Toxicity Associated With Chemotherapy: Grade 3 or Higher During Protocol Therapy

Number of Participants with Nonhematological Toxicity Associated With Chemotherapy: Grade 3 or Higher During Protocol Therapy. (NCT00653068)
Timeframe: During protocol therapy up to 1 year after enrollment.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
AcidosisAcute kidney injuryApneaAdult respiratory distress syndromeAspirationAtelectasisCatheter related infectionCentral nervous system necrosisDehydrationDiarrheaDissmeminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)EnterocolitisFebrile neutropeniaHearing impairmentHematuriaHydrocephalusHypernatremiaHypoalbuminemiaHypocalcemiaHypoglycemiaHypokalemiaHyponatremiaHypophosphatemiaHypotensionHypoxiaIncreased Alanine aminotransferaseIncreased Aspartate aminotransferaseIncreased LipaseIntracranial hemorrhagentraoperative venous injuryLaryngospasmLeft ventricular systolic dysfunctionLung infectionMulti-organ failureMucositis oralPoisoning and procedural complicationsOther gastrointestinal disordersOther infectionPneumonitisProductive coughPulmonary edemaRecurrent laryngeal nerve palsyRenal calculiRespiratory failureSeizureSepsisSinus tachycardiaStridorUpper respiratory infectionVascular access complicationVoice alterationVomitingWeight loss
All Patients11213121111161111132922465412111313117211113262211111

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Event-free Survival

Estimated 4-year EFS where EFS is calculated as the time from study enrollment to disease progression, disease relapse, occurrence of a second malignant neoplasm, death from any cause or last follow-up whichever occurs first. Kaplan-Meier method is used for estimation. Patients without an event are censored at last contact. (NCT00653068)
Timeframe: Up to 4 years after study enrollment

InterventionEstimated probability (Number)
Stratum I0.3401
Stratum III0.4500

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Toxic Death

The number of patients who experience death that is considered to be primarily attributable to complications of treatment. (NCT00653068)
Timeframe: During and after completion of study treatment up to 1 year after enrollment.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Stratum I3
Stratum III1

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Non-fatal MI

Myocardial Infarction per Third Definition of MI (NCT00655980)
Timeframe: 30 day postoperative

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
B-Vitamin Group7
Comparator15
Standard of Care8

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Percent of Patients MRD Positive (MRD > 0.01%) at End of Consolidation

A 1-sample Z-test of proportions (alpha=5%, 1-sided test) will be used. (NCT00720109)
Timeframe: At end of consolidation (at 11 weeks)

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment Induction (Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy & Chemotherapy)10.5
Standard-risk0
High-risk66.7

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Overall EFS Rate for the Combined Cohort of Standard- and High-Risk Patients (Who Receive the Final Chosen Dose of Dasatinib)

An event is defined as: Induction failure, relapse at any site, secondary malignancy, or death. (NCT00720109)
Timeframe: From the time entry on study to first event or date of last follow-up, assessed up to 7 years

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Treatment Induction (Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy & Chemotherapy)79.8
Standard-risk83.2
High-risk66.7

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Feasibility and Toxicity of an Intensified Chemotherapeutic Regimen Incorporating Dasatinib for Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Ph+ ALL Assessed by Examining Adverse Events

Number of patients in safety cohort with dose limiting toxicity (DLT)(including treatment delay) (NCT00720109)
Timeframe: Weeks 3 through 23 of treatment (From week 3 Induction through Intensification Block 1)

InterventionPts with DLTs (Number)
Treatment Induction (Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy & Chemotherapy)1

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Event-Free Survival (EFS) of Patients With Standard-risk Disease Treated With Dasatinib in Combination With Intensified Chemotherapy

Event-Free Survival (EFS) curves will be constructed using the Kaplan-Meier life table method with standard errors computed using the method of Peto and Peto. A 1-sided 95% confidence interval for EFS will be constructed. (NCT00720109)
Timeframe: At 3 years

InterventionPercent probability (Number)
Treatment Induction (Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy & Chemotherapy)79.8
Standard-risk83.2
High-risk66.7

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Contribution of Dasatinib on Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) After Induction Therapy

Percent of patients MRD Positive (MRD > 0.01%) at End of Induction. (NCT00720109)
Timeframe: At the end of induction therapy (at 5 weeks)

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment Induction (Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy & Chemotherapy)40.7
Standard-risk29.2
High-risk100.0

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Overall Survival (OS)

The number of days from study day 1 to death. Patients who had not died (no record of death) or were lost to follow-up were censored at the date of last contact. (NCT00722553)
Timeframe: Assessed at the end of each even-numbered cycle (every 8 weeks), or per standard of care if treatment has ended (at least every 12 weeks) for up to 2 years after enrollment. After PD or start of subsequent treatment, OS will be assessed every 4 months.

InterventionMonths (Median)
Evaluable Population9.3

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Progression Free Survival (PFS)

Length of time from study day 1 to the date of radiological evidence of PD (date of computed tomography [CT] or magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] scan, whichever indicates PD) or death, regardless of cause. (NCT00722553)
Timeframe: Assessed at the end of each even-numbered cycle (every 8 weeks), or per standard of care but no more than every 12 weeks (+/- 1 week) if treatment has ended, for up to 2 years after enrollment.

InterventionMonths (Median)
Evaluable Population4.0

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Clinical Benefit Rate (CBR)

The number of patients with a best confirmed or unconfirmed response of CR, PR, or stable disease (SD) for at least 24 weeks (approximately 5.5 months) (NCT00722553)
Timeframe: Assessed at the end of each even-numbered cycle (every 8 weeks) or per standard of care, but no more than every 12 weeks (+/- 1 week) if treatment has ended, for up to 2 years after enrollment.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Evaluable Population3

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Duration of Response (DOR)

Duration of time from when tumor measurement criteria were met for CR or PR (whichever status was recorded first) until the first date that recurrent disease or progressive disease (PD) or death was objectively documented. Progression is defined, using RECIST, as an increase in the smallest dimension of any target or non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions, since baseline. Calculated for those patients with a best overall confirmed or unconfirmed response of CR or PR. (NCT00722553)
Timeframe: Measured from the first day of documented response for up to 2 years after enrollment.

InterventionDays (Median)
Evaluable Patients82

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Objective Response Rate (ORR)

The number of patients with a best overall confirmed response of either complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) (NCT00722553)
Timeframe: Assessed at the end of each even-numbered cycle (every 8 weeks), or per standard of care but no more than every 12 weeks (+/- 1 week) if treatment has ended for up to 2 years after enrollment.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Evaluable Population1

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Overall Survival (OS)

OS will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier. (NCT00792948)
Timeframe: From the date of initial registration on the study until death from any cause, assessed up to 5 years

InterventionProbability of surviving 12 months (Number)
Treatment0.88

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Relapse-free Survival (RFS) After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier. (NCT00792948)
Timeframe: 12 months

InterventionProbability of 12-month RFS (Number)
Treatment0.83

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Continuous Complete Remission (CCR) Rate

Will be testing using an exact binomial test (NCT00792948)
Timeframe: 18 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment57

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Follow-up Analysis of Progression Free Survival (PFS) as Assessed by Investigator

Follow-up analysis was conducted at the time of overall survival analysis. Progression Free Survival (PFS) as assessed by investigator according to the modified RECIST (version 1.0) criteria. Median, 25th and 75th percentiles are calculated from an unadjusted Kaplan-Meier curve. (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From randomisation until data cut-off (15 February 2013), Up to 30 months

InterventionMonths (Median)
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed5.3
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed4.3

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Quality of Life (QoL)

"QoL was measured by standardised questionnaires (EQ-5D, EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQ-LC13). The EORTC QLQ-C30 comprises of 30 questions, using both multi-item scales and single-item measures. EORTC LC-13 comprises of 13 questions incorporating 1 multi-item scale and a series of single items. The following were the main points of interest: Time to deterioration of cough (QLQ-LC13 question 1), Time to deterioration of dyspnoea (QLQ-LC13, composite of questions 3 to 5), Time to deterioration of pain (QLQ- C30, composite of questions 9 and 19). Time to deterioration of cough, dyspnoea and pain was defined as the time to a 10-point increase from the baseline score.~Median, 25th and 75th percentiles are calculated from an unadjusted Kaplan-Meier curve." (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From randomisation until data cut-off (15 February 2013), Up to 30 months

,
InterventionMonths (Median)
Time to deterioration of coughTime to deterioration of dyspnoeaTime to deterioration of pain
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed6.02.42.8
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed4.32.02.7

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Objective Tumor Response

Confirmed objective response is defined as confirmed Complete Response (CR) and Partial Response (PR) and evaluated according to the modified RECIST criteria version 1.0. This endpoint was analysed based on the central independent reviewer as well as the investigator (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From randomisation until data cut-off (15 February 2013), Up to 30 months

,
Intervention% of participants (Number)
Central independent reviewerInvestigator assessment
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed9.115.0
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed8.313.3

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Incidence and Intensity of Adverse Events

"Incidence and intensity of adverse events according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 3.0. The worst CTCAE grade per patient is reported and MedDRA version 15.1 used.~Serious signs and symptoms of progressive disease were reported as an adverse event in analysis of this endpoint." (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From the first drug administration until 28 days after the last drug administration, up to 36 months

,
Intervention% of participants (Number)
CTCAE grade 1CTCAE grade 2CTCAE grade 3CTCAE grade 4CTCAE grade 5
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed4.922.246.112.49.8
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed9.230.534.57.812.0

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Clinical Improvement.

"Clinical improvement was defined as the time from randomisation to deterioration in body weight and/or Eastern Cooperative Oncology group performance score (ECOG PS) whichever occurred first.~Median, 25th and 75th percentiles are calculated from an unadjusted Kaplan-Meier curve." (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From randomisation until data cut-off (15 February 2013), Up to 30 months

InterventionMonths (Median)
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed7.2
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed7.5

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Time to Confirmed Objective Tumour Response

"Time to confirmed objective response is defined as time from randomisation to the date of first documented (CR) or (PR) and evaluated according to the modified RECIST criteria version 1.0. Median, 25th and 75th percentiles are calculated from an unadjusted Kaplan-Meier curve.~This endpoint was analysed based on the central independent reviewer as well as the investigator." (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From randomisation until data cut-off (15 February 2013), Up to 30 months

,
InterventionMonths (Median)
Central independent review (N=32, 30)Investigator assessment (N=53, 48)
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed2.62.6
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed2.72.8

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Duration of Confirmed Objective Tumour Response

"The duration of objective response is the time from first documented (CR) or (PR) to the time of progression or death and evaluated according to the modified RECIST criteria version 1.0. Median, 25th and 75th percentiles are calculated from an unadjusted Kaplan-Meier curve.~This endpoint was analysed based on the central independent reviewer as well as the investigator." (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From randomisation until data cut-off (15 February 2013), Up to 30 months

,
InterventionMonths (Median)
central independent reviewer (N=32, 30)Investigator assessment (N=53, 48)
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed6.96.5
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed4.47.2

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Overall Survival (Key Secondary Endpoint)

Overall Survival (OS) defined as the duration from randomisation to death (irrespective of the reason of death). Median, 25th and 75th percentiles are calculated from an unadjusted Kaplan-Meier curve. (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From randomisation until data cut-off (15 February 2013), Up to 30 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed12.0
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed12.7

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Progression Free Survival (PFS) as Assessed by Central Independent Review

"Progression Free Survival (PFS) as assessed by central independent review according to the modified RECIST (version 1.0) criteria. Progression free survival (PFS) is defined as the duration of time from date of randomisation to date of progression or death (whatever occurs earlier).~Median, 25th and 75th percentiles are calculated from an unadjusted Kaplan-Meier curve." (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From randomisation until cut-off date 9 July 2012

Interventionmonths (Median)
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed4.4
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed3.6

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Change From Baseline in Tumour Size

Percentage change from baseline in tumour size is defined as decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of the target lesion. Presented means are in fact adjusted best means percentage changes generated from ANOVA model adjusted for baseline ECOG PS (0 vs. 1), tumour histology (adenocarcinoma vs. non-adenocarcinoma), brain metastases at baseline (yes vs no) and prior treatment with bevacizumab (yes vs no) This endpoint was analysed based on the central independent reviewer as well as the investigator. (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From randomisation until data cut-off (15 February 2013), Up to 30 months

,
Interventionpercentage of change in tumor size in mm (Mean)
Central independent review (N=298, 305)Investigator assessment (N=322, 325)
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed-10.10-15.60
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed-7.53-11.28

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Disease Control

"Disease control was defined as a best overall response of Complete Response (CR), Partial Response (PR), or Stable Disease (SD) and evaluated according to the modified RECIST criteria version 1.0.~This endpoint was analysed based on the central independent reviewer as well as the investigator." (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From randomisation until data cut-off (15 February 2013), Up to 30 months

,
Intervention% of participants (Number)
Central independent review (N=215, 192)Investigator assessment (N=233, 217)
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed60.966.0
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed53.360.3

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Dose Normalised Predose Plasma Concentration at Steady State (Cpre,ss,Norm) of Nintedanib and of Its Metabolites BIBF 1202 and BIBF 1202 Glucuronide

Geometric mean of dose normalised predose plasma concentration (Cpre,ss,norm) of nintedanib and of its metabolites BIBF 1202 and BIBF 1202 glucuronide evaluated at steady state based on course 2 and 3. If only one value was available and valid, then this value was used for calculation of Cpre,ss,norm. (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: Before the administration of nintedanib or placebo and between a window of 30 mins to an hour after administration of trial drug during Course 2 and between 1 and 3 hours after administration of trial drug during Course 3

,
Interventionng/mL/mg (Geometric Mean)
Nintedanib BIBF 1120 (N=188, 39)Nintedanib BIBF 1202 (N=188, 40)Nintedanib BIBF 1202 glucuronide (N=184, 39)
Nintedanib 150 mg Bid Plus Pemetrexed0.1030.1511.72
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed0.08830.1311.40

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Follow-up Analysis of Progression Free Survival (PFS) as Assessed by Central Independent Review

Follow-up analysis was conducted at the time of overall survival analysis. Progression Free Survival (PFS) as assessed by central independent review according to the modified RECIST (version 1.0) criteria. Median, 25th and 75th percentiles are calculated from an unadjusted Kaplan-Meier curve. (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From randomisation until data cut-off (15 February 2013), Up to 30 months

InterventionMonths (Median)
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed4.4
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed3.4

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Duration of Disease Control

"The duration of disease control was defined as the time from randomisation to the date of disease progression or death (which ever occurs first) for patients with disease control. Median, 25th and 75th percentiles are calculated from an unadjusted Kaplan-Meier curve.~This endpoint was analysed based on the central independent reviewer as well as the investigator." (NCT00806819)
Timeframe: From randomisation until data cut-off (15 February 2013), Up to 30 months

,
InterventionMonths (Median)
Central independent review (N=215, 192)Investigator assessment (N=233, 217)
Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed7.46.9
Placebo Plus Pemetrexed6.86.8

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Duration of Response

The duration of response was defined as the time from first confirmed CR or PR to the first time of PD or death due to any cause. CR, PR and PD were defined using RECIST v1.0 criteria. CR was defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions; PR was defined as a ≥30% decrease in the sum of the LD of the target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum of the LD; PD was defined as a ≥20% increase in the sum of LD of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum of the LD recorded since treatment started or the appearance of new lesions and/or unequivocal progression of existing nontarget lesions. Participants with CR or PR who had no PD or death at the time of the data inclusion cutoff, the duration of response was censored at their last contact. (NCT00835185)
Timeframe: Time of response to time of measured PD or death up to 30 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
IMC-11F8 (Necitumumab) + mFOLFOX-610.0

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Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to Infinity [AUC(0-∞)] of IMC-11F8 at Study Day 1 of Cycle 1

(NCT00835185)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 Day 1 predose, immediately after infusion, and 1, 2, 4, 24, 72, 96, 144, 168 and 236 hours postdose

Interventionmicrograms*hour/milliliter (µg*h/mL)] (Geometric Mean)
IMC-11F8 (Necitumumab) + mFOLFOX-639400

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Clearance (CL) of IMC-11F8 at Study Day 1 of Cycle 1

CL is the volume of plasma (or blood) from which the drug is completely removed, or cleared, in a given time. (NCT00835185)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 Day 1 predose, immediately after infusion, and 1, 2, 4, 24, 72, 96, 144, 168 and 236 hours postdose

Interventionmilliliters/hour (mL/h) (Geometric Mean)
IMC-11F8 (Necitumumab) + mFOLFOX-620.3

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Half-Life (t1/2) of IMC-11F8 at Study Day 1 of Cycle 1

The t1/2 is the time measured for the plasma concentration of the drug to decrease by one half. (NCT00835185)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 Day 1 predose, immediately after infusion, and 1, 2, 4, 24, 72, 96, 144, 168 and 236 hours postdose

Interventionhours (h) (Geometric Mean)
IMC-11F8 (Necitumumab) + mFOLFOX-6142

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Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of IMC-11F8 at Study Day 1 of Cycle 1

(NCT00835185)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 Day 1 predose, immediately after infusion, and 1, 2, 4, 24, 72, 96, 144, 168 and 236 hours postdose

Interventionmicrograms/milliliter (µg/mL) (Geometric Mean)
IMC-11F8 (Necitumumab) + mFOLFOX-6344

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Overall Survival (OS)

OS was defined as the duration from the date of first dose to the date of death from any cause. OS was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Participants who were alive at the time of the data inclusion cutoff or lost to follow-up, OS was censored at the last contact. (NCT00835185)
Timeframe: First dose to date of death from any cause up to 30 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
IMC-11F8 (Necitumumab) + mFOLFOX-622.5

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Percentage of Participants With Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) (Objective Response )

CR and PR defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) version (v) 1.0 criteria. CR was defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and PR defined as a ≥30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameters (LD) of the target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum of the LD. Percentage of participants was calculated as: (total number of participants with CR or PR from start of the treatment until disease progression or recurrence) / (total number of participants treated) * 100. (NCT00835185)
Timeframe: Up to 30 Months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
IMC-11F8 (Necitumumab) + mFOLFOX-663.6

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Progression-Free Survival (PFS)

PFS was defined as the time from date of first dose to the first observation of disease progression or death due to any cause. Progressive disease (PD) was determined using RECIST v1.0 criteria. PD was defined as ≥20% increase in the sum of LD of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum of the LD recorded since treatment started or the appearance of new lesions and/or unequivocal progression of existing nontarget lesions. PFS was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Participants who had no PD or death at the time of the data inclusion cutoff, PFS was censored at their last tumor assessment prior to the earliest of the following events: 2 or more missed visits, additional cancer treatment or the end of the follow-up period. (NCT00835185)
Timeframe: First dose to measured PD or death up to 30 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
IMC-11F8 (Necitumumab) + mFOLFOX-610.0

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Serum Anti-IMC-11F8 Antibody Assessment (Immunogenicity)

A participant was considered to have an anti-IMC-11F8 response if there were 2 consecutive positive samples or if the final sample tested is positive. Participants with a baseline sample positive for anti-IMC-11F8 antibodies were considered unevaluable for immunogenicity. A sample was considered positive for IMC-11F8 antibodies if it exhibited a post-baseline treatment emergent antibody level that exceeded the upper 95% confidence interval of the mean determined from the normal anti-IMC 11F8 level found in healthy treatment-naïve individuals. (NCT00835185)
Timeframe: Baseline up to last day of treatment plus 45 days after last treatment (127 weeks)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
IMC-11F8 (Necitumumab) + mFOLFOX-64

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Kirsten Rat Sarcoma (KRAS) Mutation Status

Tumor tissues collected prior to study drug administration were evaluated for the presence or absence of KRAS mutations by a retrospective analysis. (NCT00835185)
Timeframe: Baseline

Interventionparticipants (Number)
KRAS Mutation PositiveKRAS Mutation Negative
IMC-11F8 (Necitumumab) + mFOLFOX-6916

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Volume of Distribution (Vss) of IMC-11F8 at Study Day 1 of Cycle 1

Vss is defined as the theoretical volume in which the total amount of drug would need to be uniformly distributed to produce the desired blood concentration of a drug at steady-state. (NCT00835185)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 Day 1 predose, immediately after infusion, and 1, 2, 4, 24, 72, 96, 144, 168 and 236 hours postdose

Interventionmilliliters (mL) (Geometric Mean)
IMC-11F8 (Necitumumab) + mFOLFOX-63660

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs), Serious AEs (SAEs) or Death

The number of participants who experienced AEs, SAEs or death during the study and within 30 days of last dose. A summary of SAEs and other non-serious AEs, regardless of causality, is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT00835185)
Timeframe: First dose to end of treatment and 30-day post treatment follow-up up to 31 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
AEsSAEsDeaths
IMC-11F8 (Necitumumab) + mFOLFOX-644163

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Progression Free Survival (PFS)

"PFS was defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of tumor progression or death from any cause, whichever occurred first. PFS was based on tumor assessment by the Independent Review Committee (IRC). PFS was estimated from Kaplan-Meier Curves.~The study was not powered for comparison of PFS between the two arms (non-comparative, open-label study).~Progression was defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST v1.0), as at least a 20 percent increase in the sum of the longest diameter (LD) of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum LD recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions and/or unequivocal progression of existing non target-lesions." (NCT00851084)
Timeframe: From the date of the first randomization until the study data cut-off date, 14 April 2011 (approximately 26 months)

InterventionMonths (Median)
mFOLFOX6 Only8.77
mFOLFOX6 + Aflibercept8.48

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Progression Free Survival (PFS) Rate at 12 Months

PFS rate at 12 months was defined as the percentage of patients alive without disease progression at 12 months after randomization. The primary efficacy analysis was based on assessment by the Independent Review Committee (IRC). The study was not powered for comparison of PFS rate at 12 months between the two arms (non-comparative, open-label study). Progression was defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST v1.0), as at least a 20 percent increase in the sum of the longest diameter (LD) of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum LD recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions and/or unequivocal progression of existing non target-lesions. (NCT00851084)
Timeframe: 12 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
mFOLFOX6 Only21.2
mFOLFOX6 + Aflibercept25.8

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Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE)

Summary of treatment-emergent adverse events in the safety population. The National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event (NCI-CTCAE), version 3.0 was used in this study to grade the severity of AEs. (NCT00851084)
Timeframe: From the date of the first randomization up to 30 days after the treatment discontinuation or until TEAE was resolved or stabilized

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Treatment Emergent Adverse Event (TEAE)Grade 3-4 TEAETreatment emergent Serious Adverse Event (SAE)TEAE leading to deathPremature treatment discontinuationPermanent treatment discontinuation
mFOLFOX6 + Aflibercept1191085583437
mFOLFOX6 Only11587322NA26

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Overall Objective Response Rate (ORR)

"Summary of overall objective response rate based on tumor assessment by the Independent Review Committee (IRC) as per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) criteria. ORR was defined as the proportion of patients with confirmed Complete Response (CR) or confirmed Partial Response (PR) relative to the total number of patients in the analysis population.~Per RECIST v 1.0 target lesions evaluation and assessed by tumor imaging: Complete Response (CR): Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR): >=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter (LD) of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum LD.~The study was not powered for comparison of ORR between the two arms (non-comparative, open-label study)." (NCT00851084)
Timeframe: From the date of the first randomization until the study data cut-off date, 14 April 2011 (approximately 26 months)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
mFOLFOX6 Only45.9
mFOLFOX6 + Aflibercept49.1

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Immunogenicity of Intravenous (IV) Aflibercept

The antidrug antibody (ADA) assay was evaluated for participants receiving aflibercept. (NCT00851084)
Timeframe: Any time post baseline and 90 days after the last infusion of aflibercept, according to baseline status

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
ADA Negative post-baselineADA Positive (drug specific) post-baselineADA Negative 90 days after last doseADA Positive 90 days after last dose
Negative or Missing1057450
Positive1211

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Overall Survival (OS)

"Overall survival was defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of death due to any cause. In absence of confirmation of death, survival time was censored at the earliest between the last date the patient was known to be alive and the study cutoff date.~The study was not powered for comparison of OS between the two arms (non-comparative, open-label study)." (NCT00851084)
Timeframe: From the date of the first randomization until the study data cut-off date, 14 April 2011 (approximately 26 months)

Interventionmonths (Median)
mFOLFOX6 Only22.31
mFOLFOX6 + Aflibercept19.45

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Infant Mortality Through 6 mo of Age

Infant Mortality to Age 6 months (180 days from birth) (NCT00860470)
Timeframe: 6-months post-birth

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Iron and Folate764
Multiple Micronutrient741

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Moderate to Late Preterm

Birth between 32 and 37 weeks gestation (NCT00860470)
Timeframe: Between 31 and 38 weeks of gestation

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Iron and Folate2391
Multiple Micronutrient2113

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Neonatal Mortality

Neonatal Mortality (28 days of life) (NCT00860470)
Timeframe: 1 month post-birth

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Iron and Folate625
Multiple Micronutrient626

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Post-neonatal Mortality

Risk of Post-neonatal Mortality (29th -180th day of life) (NCT00860470)
Timeframe: 1-6 months post-birth

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Iron and Folate139
Multiple Micronutrient115

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Preterm Birth

Being born before 37 weeks of gestation (NCT00860470)
Timeframe: Up to 37 weeks of gestation

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Iron and Folate2912
Multiple Micronutrient2510

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Still Birth Rates

Stillbirth (born >=24 weeks without breathing, crying, or moving limbs). (NCT00860470)
Timeframe: 24 weeks gestation to delivery

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Iron and Folate716
Multiple Micronutrient648

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Extremely Pre-term

Birth before 28 weeks gestation (NCT00860470)
Timeframe: Up to 28 weeks of gestation

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Iron and Folate136
Multiple Micronutrient106

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Small for Gestation Age

Small for Gestational Age defined as birth weight <10th percentile of a standard reference (Alexander GR, Himes JH, Kaufman RB, et al. Obstet Gynecol. 1996;87(2):163-68). (NCT00860470)
Timeframe: At delivery/birth

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Iron and Folate6479
Multiple Micronutrient6405

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Very Pre-term

Birth between 28 and 32 weeks of gestation (NCT00860470)
Timeframe: Between 27 and 33 weeks of gestation

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Iron and Folate385
Multiple Micronutrient291

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Low Birth Weight

Birth weight below 2500g (NCT00860470)
Timeframe: Measured at delivery/birth

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Iron and Folate4809
Multiple Micronutrient4275

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Duration of Response

The duration of response was defined as the time from first objective status assessment of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) to the first time of progression or death as a result of any cause. CR or PR is classified by the investigators according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria version 1.0. CR is disappearance of all target and non-target lesions; PR is a ≥30% decrease in sum of longest diameter of target lesions without new lesion and progression of non-target lesion. (NCT00862784)
Timeframe: Time of response to time of measured progressive disease up to 22.2 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
IMC-1121B (Ramucirumab) + mFOLFOX-611.0

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Percentage of Participants With Complete Response or Partial Response [Objective Response Rate (ORR)]

ORR is the percentage of participants with a confirmed complete response (CR) + partial response (PR), as classified by the investigators according to the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria version 1.0. CR is disappearance of all target and non-target lesions; PR is a ≥30% decrease in sum of longest diameter of target lesions without new lesion and progression of non-target lesion. ORR is calculated as a total number of participants with CR or PR from the start of study treatment until disease progression or recurrence divided by the total number of participants treated, then multiplied by 100. (NCT00862784)
Timeframe: First dose to date of objective progressive disease up to 23.8 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
IMC-1121B (Ramucirumab) + mFOLFOX-658.3

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Progression-Free Survival (PFS)

PFS was defined as the time from date of first dose to the first observation of progression of disease (PD) or death due to any cause. PD was determined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria version 1.0. PD is ≥20% increase in sum of longest diameter of target lesions and/or unequivocal progression of non-target lesion and/or new lesion. For participants who had no PD or death or had started new therapeutic anticancer treatment, PFS was censored at their last radiographic tumor assessment. (NCT00862784)
Timeframe: First dose to measured progressive disease or death due to any cause up to 28.1 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
IMC-1121B (Ramucirumab) + mFOLFOX-611.5

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Serum Anti-IMC-1121B (Immunogenicity) at Day 1

Data presented are the number of participants with treatment emergent anti-IMC-112B antibodies. (NCT00862784)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Cycles 1, 5, 9, and 30-day follow-up)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Cycle 1 (n=39)Cycle 5 (n=33)Cycle 9 (n=25)30-day Follow-up (n=17)
IMC-1121B (Ramucirumab) + mFOLFOX-60202

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Overall Survival (OS)

OS was defined as the time from first dose to the date of death due to any cause. For participants who were alive or were lost to follow-up, OS was censored on the last date the participant was known to be alive. (NCT00862784)
Timeframe: First dose to death due to any cause up to 28.1 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
IMC-1121B (Ramucirumab) + mFOLFOX-620.4

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Percentage of Participants With Surgery

The surgery involving a radical rectal excision using the TME technique. (NCT00865189)
Timeframe: Arm A: approximately 28-31 weeks after initiation of treatment; Arm B: approximately 13-15 weeks after initiation of treatment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm A (Bevacizumab, Induction Chemotherapy, Chemoradiotherapy)91.3
Arm B (Bevacizumab, Chemoradiotherapy)97.8

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Disease-Free Survival (DFS)

The DFS was defined as the time from the first treatment intake to disease recurrence assessed (second primary cancer, local or distant recurrence, distant metastases) or death from any cause. The DFS was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT00865189)
Timeframe: From first time of the treatment administration to the date of second cancer, local or regional recurrence, distant metastasis or death from any cause (up to approximately 6 years)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Arm A (Bevacizumab, Induction Chemotherapy, Chemoradiotherapy)68.3
Arm B (Bevacizumab, Chemoradiotherapy)NA

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Number of Cycles of Chemotherapy

(NCT00865189)
Timeframe: Arm A: Week 16 to Week 23; Arm B: Week 1 to Week 7

Interventioncycles (Mean)
Arm A (Bevacizumab, Induction Chemotherapy, Chemoradiotherapy)4.4
Arm B (Bevacizumab, Chemoradiotherapy)4.8

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Percentage of Participants Who Died

(NCT00865189)
Timeframe: Baseline up to approximately 6 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm A (Bevacizumab, Induction Chemotherapy, Chemoradiotherapy)8.7
Arm B (Bevacizumab, Chemoradiotherapy)24.4

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Number of Cycles of Radiotherapy

(NCT00865189)
Timeframe: Arm A: Week 16 to Week 23; Arm B: Week 1 to Week 7

Interventioncycles (Mean)
Arm A (Bevacizumab, Induction Chemotherapy, Chemoradiotherapy)4.5
Arm B (Bevacizumab, Chemoradiotherapy)5.0

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Overall Survival

The overall survival was defined as the time from the first treatment intake to death from any cause. (NCT00865189)
Timeframe: From the first treatment administration to the date of death (up to approximately 6 years)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Arm A (Bevacizumab, Induction Chemotherapy, Chemoradiotherapy)NA
Arm B (Bevacizumab, Chemoradiotherapy)NA

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Percentage of Participants With Tumor Sterilization Defined by ypT0-N0

Tumor sterilization was defined as the absence of residual tumor cells in the resected specimen including lymph nodes (ypT0-N0). The rate of sterilization of the tumoral specimen was assessed after surgery on the surgical specimen by local review. Analyses were performed for participants who have been operated as defined by the protocol (within the study and TME technique) and for all participants who have been operated. Reported is the percentage of participants with tumor sterilization. (NCT00865189)
Timeframe: After surgery (Arm A: approximately 28-31 weeks after initiation of treatment; Arm B: approximately 13-15 weeks after initiation of treatment)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm A (Bevacizumab, Induction Chemotherapy, Chemoradiotherapy)23.8
Arm B (Bevacizumab, Chemoradiotherapy)11.4

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Percentage of Participants With Local and Distant Recurrences

The percentage of participants with a recurrence was described by type of recurrence (local and distant recurrence). (NCT00865189)
Timeframe: After surgery (Arm A: approximately 28-31 weeks after initiation of treatment; Arm B: approximately 13-15 weeks after initiation of treatment)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Local recurrenceDistant recurrence
Arm A (Bevacizumab, Induction Chemotherapy, Chemoradiotherapy)2.217.4
Arm B (Bevacizumab, Chemoradiotherapy)6.713.3

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Number of Cycles of Induction Chemotherapy

(NCT00865189)
Timeframe: 6 cycles (12 weeks; cycle length = 14 days)

Interventioncycles (Mean)
Arm A (Bevacizumab, Induction Chemotherapy, Chemoradiotherapy)5.8

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Percentage of Participants With Tumor Down-Staging (ypT0-pT2)

A participant with a downstaging was defined as a participant with T3 (T describes the size of the original [primary] tumor) at inclusion and T2 or T1 or T0 after surgery, or with N+ (N describes lymph nodes involvement) at inclusion and N- after surgery and if T is equal at inclusion and after surgery. The clinical tumor-node-metastasis (cTNM) classification was used at inclusion and the pathological staging tumor and nodes (ypTN) classification after surgery. Reported is the percentage of participants with tumor downstaging of the surgical specimen according to the local review and centralized review. (NCT00865189)
Timeframe: After surgery (Arm A: approximately 28-31 weeks after initiation of treatment; Arm B: approximately 13-15 weeks after initiation of treatment)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Downstaging, local review (n=41, 44)Downstaging, centralized review (n=39, 43)
Arm A (Bevacizumab, Induction Chemotherapy, Chemoradiotherapy)65.964.1
Arm B (Bevacizumab, Chemoradiotherapy)54.555.8

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Percentage of Participants With Second Cancer, Local or Regional Recurrence, Distant Metastasis, or Death

(NCT00865189)
Timeframe: Baseline up to approximately 6 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm A (Bevacizumab, Induction Chemotherapy, Chemoradiotherapy)30.4
Arm B (Bevacizumab, Chemoradiotherapy)33.3

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Change in Plasma Total Homocysteine Concentration (tHcy)

"Difference between baseline (pre-operative) and peak postoperative (i.e., maximum of postoperative value obtained within 30 minutes after anesthesia end time and morning of post-operative day 1) tHcy concentration .~Of note: there were no secondary outcomes." (NCT00901394)
Timeframe: Immediately postoperatively and on postoperative day 1

Interventionmcmol/L (Median)
Treatment 11.9
Treatment 22.7
Control Group0.5

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Phase I: Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of Pemetrexed

The phase I component of the study are to determine the safety and tolerability of pemetrexed in human subjects with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to determine the maximum tolerated dose. (NCT00923273)
Timeframe: 5 weeks

Interventionmg/m^2 (Number)
Treatment Level 1: 3mg Load500
Treatment Level 2: 6mg Load500
Treatment Level 3: 6mg Load500
Treatment Level 4: 10mg Load500
Treatment Level 5: 15mg Load500

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Phase I: Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of Sirolimus

The phase I component of the study are to determine the safety and tolerability of sirolimus in human subjects with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to determine the maximum tolerated dose. (NCT00923273)
Timeframe: 5 weeks

Interventionmg/m^2 (Number)
Treatment Level 1: 3mg Load10
Treatment Level 2: 6mg Load10
Treatment Level 3: 6mg Load10
Treatment Level 4: 10mg Load10
Treatment Level 5: 15mg Load10

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Phase II: Clinical Response Rate

Clinical response is assessed by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Complete response (CR) is disappearance of all target lesions. Partial response (PR) at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter (LD) of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum LD. Stable disease (SD) is neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD, taking as reference the smallest sum LD since the treatment started. Progressive disease (PD) is at least a 20% increase in the sum of the LD of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum LD recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions. (NCT00923273)
Timeframe: 21 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Complete responsePartial responseStable diseaseProgressive diseaseNot evaluable
Treatment Level 4: 10mg Load051327

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Number of Participants With Serious and Non-Serious Adverse Events

Here is the count of participants with serious and non-serious adverse events assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v3.0). A non-serious adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence. A serious adverse event is an adverse event or suspected adverse reaction that results in death, a life-threatening adverse drug experience, hospitalization, disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, congenital anomaly/birth defect or important medical events that jeopardize the patient or subject and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the previous outcomes mentioned. (NCT00923273)
Timeframe: Date treatment consent signed to date off study, approximately 45 months

,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Subjects from phase I8subjects prior peme & 12 subjects peme naive
Treatment Level 1: 3mg Load40
Treatment Level 2: 6mg Load30
Treatment Level 3: 6mg Load30
Treatment Level 4: 10 mg Load720
Treatment Level 5: 15mg Load50

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Clinical Endpoints for Psoriasis: Target Lesion Score

The lesion score of a single psoriatic plaque selected at baseline. Total range is 0 - 12 with 0 being clear and 12 representing the most severe disease. The target lesion score is composed of scale, erythema, and induration, each parameter is scored 0 (clear) through 4 (very severe). Totals are summed for target lesion score. S+E+I = TLS (NCT00932113)
Timeframe: Week 0 and Week 16

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Adalimumab1.2
Methotrexate (MTX)3.4

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Clinical Endpoints for Psoriasis: Photography Completed

(NCT00932113)
Timeframe: Week 0 and Week 16

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Adalimumab15
Methotrexate (MTX)15

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Biologic Activity Endpoints

Histologic and Immunohistochemistry endpoints; Relative messenger RNA gene expression (normalized to HARP); and Gene Arrays. (NCT00932113)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 1, 2, 4 and 16

,
Interventionfold change (Mean)
CAMP(responders)CAMP(Non responders)CCL20 (responders)CCL20 (non responders)CXCL1 (responders)CXCL1 (non responders)DEFB4A (responders)DEFB4A (non responders)IL 17F (responders)IL 17F (non responders)IL 17A (responders)IL 17A (non responders)IL 23 A (responders)IL 23A (non responders)IL 22 (responders)IL 22 (non rsponders)IFNG (responders)IFNG (non responders)MX1 (responders)MX1 (non responders)
Adalimumab-3.850.05-3.550.84-3.011.03-6.96-0.07-1.970.79-5.310.18-3.90-0.81-3.580.25-2.66-0.52-1.900.04
Methotrexate (MTX)-2.830.84-2.960.84-3.181.22-61.83-3.241.02-4.751.00-2.720.89-5.141.00-1.770.82-2.000.47

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Clinical Endpoints for Psoriasis: % Body Surface Area

(NCT00932113)
Timeframe: Week 0 and week 16

Interventionpercentage of total body surface area (Mean)
Adalimumab5.9
Methotrexate (MTX)10.7

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Clinical Endpoints for Psoriasis: PASI 75

PASI 75 is the percent of subjects who experience an improvement in PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) score of at least 75% from their baseline PASI score. (NCT00932113)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and week 16

Interventionpercentage of subjects (Number)
Adalimumab67
Methotrexate (MTX)27

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Clinical Endpoints for Psoriasis: Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) Clear or Almost Clear (PGA 0-1)

(NCT00932113)
Timeframe: Week 0 and Week 16

Interventionpercentage of subjects (Number)
Adalimumab73
Methotrexate (MTX)27

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Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs), Serious Adverse Events (SAEs), and AEs Leading to Discontinuation

AEs are defined as any untoward medical occurrence, that does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. SAEs are defined as an AE that: is fatal; is life threatening (places the subject at immediate risk of death); requires in-patient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization; results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity; is a congenital anomaly/birth defect; other significant medical hazard. The severity of events were graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v 4.0: mild=grade 1, moderate=grade 2, severe=grade 3, life-threatening=grade 4, death=grade 5. (NCT00950989)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until the end of study; median (min, max) duration was 113 days (8, 132).

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
AEsSAEsFatal AEsAEs leading to Study DiscontinuationAEs leading to Study Drug DiscontinuationCTCAE Grades 3, 4, 5 AEsAEs Related to Study DrugSAEs Related to Study DrugFatal AEs Related to Study DrugAEs Related to Study Drug Leading to Study DiscontinuationAEs Related to Study Drug Leading to Study Drug DiscontinuationCTCAE Grades 3, 4, 5 AEs Related to Study Drug
Brodalumab 140 mg40112121400000
Brodalumab 210 mg32300241100020
Brodalumab 70 mg3210113800111
Placebo32202141200100

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PK of Brodalumab: Area Under the Curve During the Dosing Interval (AUCtau)

(NCT00950989)
Timeframe: Week 8: Day 59-Day 61 (44-100 hours post-dose), Day 64 (160-176 hours post-dose), Week 10: pre-dose

Interventionµg*day/mL (Mean)
Brodalumab 70 mg18.1
Brodalumab 140 mg73.3
Brodalumab 210 mg199

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Pharmacokinetics (PK) of Brodalumab: Maximum Observed Concentration (Cmax)

(NCT00950989)
Timeframe: Week 8: Day 59-Day 61 (44-100 hours post-dose), Day 64 (160-176 hours post-dose), Week 10: pre-dose

Interventionµg/mL (Mean)
Brodalumab 70 mg3.02
Brodalumab 140 mg7.85
Brodalumab 210 mg17.9

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PK of Brodalumab: Time to Maximum Observed Concentration (Tmax)

(NCT00950989)
Timeframe: Week 8: Day 59-Day 61 (44-100 hours post-dose), Day 64 (160-176 hours post-dose), Week 10: pre-dose

Interventiondays (Median)
Brodalumab 70 mg1.94
Brodalumab 140 mg2.00
Brodalumab 210 mg1.96

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Percentage of Participants With an American College of Rheumatology 70% (ACR70) Response at Week 12

"A positive ACR70 response is defined if the following 3 criteria for improvement from baseline were met:~70% improvement in 68 tender joint count;~70% improvement in 66 swollen joint count; and~70% improvement in at least 3 of the 5 following parameters:~Patient's assessment of joint pain (measured on a 100 mm visual analog scale [VAS]),~Patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0-10 Likert scale),~Physician's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0-10 Likert scale),~Patient's self assessment of disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire - Disability Index [HAQ-DI]),~Acute phase reactant: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or C-Reactive Protein (CRP), whichever has bigger improvement." (NCT00950989)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 12

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo3.2
Brodalumab 70 mg3.2
Brodalumab 140 mg3.2
Brodalumab 210 mg0.0

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Percentage of Participants With an American College of Rheumatology 50% (ACR50) Response at Week 12

"A positive ACR50 response is defined if the following 3 criteria for improvement from baseline were met:~50% improvement in 68 tender joint count;~50% improvement in 66 swollen joint count; and~50% improvement in at least 3 of the 5 following parameters:~Patient's assessment of joint pain (measured on a 100 mm visual analog scale [VAS]),~Patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0-10 Likert scale),~Physician's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0-10 Likert scale),~Patient's self assessment of disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire - Disability Index [HAQ-DI]),~Acute phase reactant: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or C-Reactive Protein (CRP), whichever has bigger improvement." (NCT00950989)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 12

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo12.7
Brodalumab 70 mg15.9
Brodalumab 140 mg15.9
Brodalumab 210 mg9.5

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Percentage of Participants With an American College of Rheumatology 20% (ACR20) Response at Week 12

"A positive ACR20 response is defined if the following 3 criteria for improvement from baseline were met:~20% improvement in 68 tender joint count;~20% improvement in 66 swollen joint count; and~20% improvement in at least 3 of the 5 following parameters:~Patient's assessment of joint pain (measured on a 100 mm visual analog scale [VAS]),~Patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0-10 Likert scale),~Physician's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0-10 Likert scale),~Patient's self assessment of disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire - Disability Index [HAQ-DI]),~Acute phase reactant: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or C-Reactive Protein (CRP), whichever has bigger improvement." (NCT00950989)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

Interventionpercentage of partcipants (Number)
Placebo42.9
Brodalumab 70 mg39.7
Brodalumab 140 mg36.5
Brodalumab 210 mg46.0

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Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) at Week 12

The DAS28 is a composite score to measure disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, derived from the following variables: • The number of tender joints assessed using the 28-jount count and number of swollen joints assessed using the 28-joint count; • Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); • Patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0-10 Likert scale). The DAS28 score ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating more severe disease activity. (NCT00950989)
Timeframe: Week 12

Interventionscore on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo5.0
Brodalumab 70 mg4.9
Brodalumab 140 mg5.1
Brodalumab 210 mg5.1

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Part 2: Number of Participants With Each Type of Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST)-Determined Overall Best Response

Overall best response was determined by RECIST criteria. Types of overall response could be: Complete Response (CR), Partial Response (PR), Stable Disease (SD), Progressive Disease (PD), Not Assessable (NA) or Incomplete Response/Stable Disease (IR/SD). (NCT00954512)
Timeframe: Up to ~30 days after the final dose of robatumumab (Up to ~14 months)

,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Complete Response (CR)Partial Response (PR)Stable Disease (SD)Progressive Disease (PD)Not Assessable (NA)Incomplete Response/Stable Disease (IR/SD)
Regimen A: FOLFIRI (± Cetuximab) + Robatumumab000200
Regimen B: Carboplatin + Paclitaxel + Robatumumab002100
Regimen D: Trastuzumab + Robatumumab001100
Regimen E: mTor Inhibitor (Everolimus) + Robatumumab002100
Regimen F: Gemcitabine (± Erlotinib) + Robatumumab001100

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Part 1: Number of Participants Who Experienced One or More Adverse Events (AEs)

An AE is any unfavorable and unintended sign, symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of study drug, whether or not considered related to this study drug. AEs may include the onset of new illness and the exacerbation of pre-existing conditions. (NCT00954512)
Timeframe: Up to ~30 days after the final dose of robatumumab (Up to ~14 months)

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Regimen A: FOLFIRI (± Cetuximab) + Robatumumab2
Regimen B: Carboplatin + Paclitaxel + Robatumumab3
Regimen D: Trastuzumab + Robatumumab2
Regimen E: mTor Inhibitor (Everolimus) + Robatumumab4
Regimen F: Gemcitabine (± Erlotinib) + Robatumumab4

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Objective Response Rate

"Number of Participants with Partial Response (PR), Stable Disease (SD), Progression of Disease (POD) Per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0) for target lesions and assessed by MRI and/or CT: Partial Response (PR), >=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Stable Disease (SD), neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for a Partial Response nor sufficient increase to qualify for Progression of Disease (POD); POD, 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions" (NCT00957905)
Timeframe: Within 3 courses of treatment

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Partial ResponseStable DiseaseProgression of Disease
Part A (Alvocidib and Oxaliplatin)025
Part B (Alvocidib and FOLFOX)6109

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Progression Free Survival (PFS)

Progression-free survival (PFS) was the duration of time (in months) from first administration of study treatment to date of first documented progression or death from any cause. It was based on tumor assessments made according to the IWC with or without PET scans, subject to their availability. Per IWC, progression was defined as a ≥50% increase from the nadir in the individual sum of the products of the diameters of any index lesion; the reappearance of pathology, enlargement of liver/spleen, or unequivocal progression of non-measurable disease or appearance of any new lesions. (NCT00998946)
Timeframe: Up to 24 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pralatrexate3.6

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Overall Survival (OS)

Overall Survival was the time (in months) from first administration of study treatment until the date of death. (NCT00998946)
Timeframe: Up to 24 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
PralatrexateNA

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Objective Response Rate (ORR)

Objective response rate was defined as the percentage of participants with a complete response (CR) or a partial response (PR). Tumor response was evaluated on the basis of clinical and radiological criteria, assessed according to International Workshop Criteria (IWC) with or without positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Per IWC criteria CR is defined as complete disappearance of all detectable clinical and radiographic evidence of disease and disappearance of all disease-related symptoms if present before therapy, and normalization of those biochemical abnormalities definitely assignable to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and PR is defined as >= 50% decrease in sum of the product of the perpendicular diameters (SPD) of the six largest dominant nodes or nodal masses and no increase in size of other nodes, liver or spleen. (NCT00998946)
Timeframe: Up to 24 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Pralatrexate4

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Duration of Response (DOR)

The Duration of Response was defined as the time (in months) from the date the measurement criteria were first met for CR or PR (whichever status was recorded first) until the first subsequent date that relapse or progression was documented. It was assessed according to IWC with or without PET, subject to its availability. Per IWC, progression was defined as a ≥50% increase from the nadir in the individual sum of the products of the diameters of any index lesion; the reappearance of pathology, enlargement of liver/spleen, or unequivocal progression of non-measurable disease or appearance of any new lesions. (NCT00998946)
Timeframe: Up to 24 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
PralatrexateNA

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Percent of Participants With a Partial Response (PR) or a Complete Response (CR)

CR and PR based on RECIST Guidelines: CR is defined as the disappearance of all tumor lesions; PR is defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the LD of target lesions taking as reference the baseline sum LDs or the complete disappearance of target lesions, with persistence (but not worsening) of one or more nontarget lesions and the appearance of no new lesions. PD is defined as at least a 20% increase in the sum of LD of target lesions taking as reference the smallest sum LD recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions. (NCT01057589)
Timeframe: Date of first response to PD (up to 18.7 months)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Pemetrexed Cisplatin Cetuximab29.3

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Change From Baseline in Participant Reported European-Quality of Life 5 Dimension Instrument (EQ-5D) Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at End of Triplet Combination Therapy and End of Maintenance Therapy

Vertical VAS - a 20 millimeter (mm), fractionated scale in the form of a thermometer with endpoints of 0 (worst imaginable health state) and 100 (best imaginable health state). Participants used the EQ-5D VAS scale to rate their overall health on the day the questionnaire was administered. Possible change values range from -100 (best imaginable health at baseline changed to worst possible health at visit) to 100 (worst possible health at baseline changed to best possible health at visit). (NCT01057589)
Timeframe: Baseline, End of Triplet Combination Therapy (up to Cycle 6 [4.2 months]), End of Maintenance Therapy (up to 18.7 months)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Change at End of Triplet Therapy (n=23)Change at End of Maintenance Therapy (n=11)
Pemetrexed Cisplatin Cetuximab-1.2-10.6

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Change From Baseline in Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer Patients (PSS-HNC)

PSS-HNC is a clinician-rated instrument designed to measure speaking and eating disabilities of participants with head and neck cancer and consists of 3 subscales: Normalcy of Diet (NOD) subscale measures the ability of the participants to eat a normal diet, scale ranged from 0 (non-oral feeding) to 100 (unrestricted diet); Understandability of Speech (UOS)subscale measured the degree a clinician was able to understand the participant's speech, subscale ranged from 0 (never understandable) to 100 (always understandable); Eating in Public (EIP) subscale, rating based on clinician question to the participant to report who he/she eats with and in what setting, subscale ranged from 0 (always eats alone) to 100 (no restriction of place, food, or companion). Change from baseline: negative value represents a decrease in function and a positive value represents an increase in function. (NCT01057589)
Timeframe: Baseline, Triplet Combination Therapy Cycles 2, 4, 6 (cycle = 21 days) and optional Maintenance Therapy Cycles 1, 3, 5 and 7 (cycle = 21 days)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
NOD-Change at Triplet Cycle 2 (n=53)NOD-Change at Triplet Cycle 4 (n=41)NOD-Change at Triplet Cycle 6 (n=24)NOD-Change at Maintenance Cycle 1 (n=23)NOD-Change at Maintenance Cycle 3 (n=10)NOD-Change at Maintenance Cycle 5 (n=6)NOD-Change at Maintenance Cycle 7 (n=5)EIP-Change at Triplet Cycle 2 (n=46)EIP-Change at Triplet Cycle 4 (n=37)EIP-Change at Triplet Cycle 6 (n=22)EIP-Change at Maintenance Cycle 1 (n=23)EIP-Change at Maintenance Cycle 3 (n=10)EIP-Change at Maintenance Cycle 5 (n=6)EIP-Change at Maintenance Cycle 7 (n=5)UOS-Change at Triplet Cycle 2 (n=53)UOS-Change at Triplet Cycle 4 (n=41)UOS-Change at Triplet Cycle 6 (n=24)UOS-Change at Maintenance Cycle 1 (n=23)UOS-Change at Maintenance Cycle 3 (n=10)UOS-Change at Maintenance Cycle 5 (n=6)UOS-Change at Maintenance Cycle 7 (n=5)
Pemetrexed Cisplatin Cetuximab-0.43.93.30.4-1.08.3-8.02.7-6.8-3.4-8.7-10.0-4.2-15.00.5-4.3-10.4-1.1-2.5-12.5-15.0

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Progression Free Survival (PFS)

PFS based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) Guidelines defined as the time from the date of first dose of study drug to first documented objective progressive disease (PD) or death from any cause. PD is defined as at least a 20% increase in the sum of longest diameter (LD) of target lesions taking as reference the smallest sum LD recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions. (NCT01057589)
Timeframe: Baseline to date of PD or death up to 18.7 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pemetrexed Cisplatin Cetuximab4.4

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Overall Survival (OS)

OS defined as the time from the date of first dose of study drug to the date to death from any cause. (NCT01057589)
Timeframe: Baseline to date of death up to 18.7 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pemetrexed Cisplatin Cetuximab9.7

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Change From Baseline in Participant Reported EQ-5D Utility Score at End of Triplet Combination Therapy and End of Maintenance Therapy

EQ-5D Index is derived by converting the Descriptive System (participant is required to rate health by checking 1 [no limitation], 2 [some limitation] or 3 [severe or complete limitation] in 5 dimensions [mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/comfort and anxiety/depression]) to a single summary index. A utility value assigned to each individual's health state based on the absence or presence of moderate or severe problems in the 5 dimensions. A regression equation defines a utility value for these health states. The possible values for health utility ranged from -0.59 (severe problems in all 5 dimensions) to 1 (no problem in all dimensions) on a scale where 0 represents death and 1 represents the best possible health state. Possible change values range from -1.59 (no problems at baseline to severe problems at visit) to 1.59 (severe problems at baseline to no problems at visit). (NCT01057589)
Timeframe: Baseline, End of Triplet Combination Therapy (up to 6 cycles [4.2 months]) , End of Maintenance Therapy (up to 18.7 months)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Change at End of Triplet Therapy (n=29)Change at End of Maintenance Therapy (n=15)
Pemetrexed Cisplatin Cetuximab0.05-0.02

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Part A: Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology 20% (ACR20) Response at Week 12

ACR20 response was defined, based on guidelines set forth by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR), as ≥20 % improvement in tender joint count and swollen joint count as well as ≥20% improvement in at least 3 of 5 following measures: C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Participant assessment of pain; Participant's global assessment of disease activity; Physician global assessment of disease activity; and Health Assessment Question-Disability Index (HAQ-DI). Missing data imputed by Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF). (NCT01061736)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 12

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Part A: SAR 100 mg qw62
Part A: SAR 150 mg qw72
Part A: SAR 100 mg q2w49
Part A: SAR 150 mg q2w66.7
Part A: SAR 200 mg q2w65.4
Part A: Placebo qw46.2

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Part B: Percentage of Participants Achieving a Major Clinical Response at Week 52

Major clinical response was defined as an ACR70 response maintained for at least 24 consecutive weeks. ACR70 response uses the same criteria as for ACR20 but requires 70% improvement. In the primary approach, data collected after treatment discontinuation or rescue was set to missing. No imputation of missing post-baseline values was performed. Responder status was determined if possible. With these rules, participants automatically became non-responders for all time points beyond the time point they started rescue treatment or discontinued study treatment. (NCT01061736)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 52

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Part B: SAR 150 mg q2w12.8
Part B: SAR 200 mg q2w14.8
Part B: Placebo q2w3

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Part B: Percentage of Participants Achieving ACR20 Response at Week 24

ACR20 improvement responses were determined without imputation of missing post-baseline values. In addition data collected after treatment discontinuation or rescue was set to missing. Responder status was determined if possible. With these rules, participants automatically became non-responders for all time points beyond the time point they started rescue treatment or discontinued study treatment. (NCT01061736)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Part B: SAR 150 mg q2w58
Part B: SAR 200 mg q2w66.4
Part B: Placebo q2w33.4

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Part B: Change From Baseline in Health Assessment Question Disability Index (HAQ-DI) at Week 16

HAQ-DI was a participant-reported questionnaire that assesses the difficulty of performing daily activities: dress/groom, arise, eat, walk, reach, grip, hygiene and common activities. Overall score range from 0=least difficulty to 3=extreme difficulty. An increase in the score indicates a worsening of physical function while a decrease in the score represents improvement. Data collected after treatment discontinuation was set to missing. (NCT01061736)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 16

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineWeek 16Change from baseline at Week 16
Part B: Placebo q2w1.611.31-0.3
Part B: SAR 150 mg q2w1.631.08-0.54
Part B: SAR 200 mg q2w1.691.11-0.58

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Part B: Change From Baseline in Van Der Heijde Modified Total Sharp Score (mTSS) at Week 52

The Sharp method modified by D. van der Heijde involves separate scores for erosions and joint space narrowing based on radiographs to assess the degree of structural damage. Total score range from 0 (normal) to 448 (worst possible total score). An increase in total score represents progression of structural damage. Missing data were imputed by the linear extrapolation method. (NCT01061736)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineWeek 52Change from baseline at Week 52
Part B: Placebo q2w48.0150.792.78
Part B: SAR 150 mg q2w54.6755.570.90
Part B: SAR 200 mg q2w46.3446.590.25

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Overall Survival (OS)

Number of days from first dose of pralatrexate to death. (NCT01118624)
Timeframe: Assessed at the end of each even-numbered cycle (every 8 weeks), or per standard of care but at least every 4 weeks and no more than every 12 weeks (+/- 1 week) if treatment has ended. OS will be collected for up to 2 years from start of pralatrexate.

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pralatrexate11.3

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Objective Response Rate (ORR)

Tumor response evaluation was performed using RECIST 1.0 using CT/MRI. Proportion of patients achieving a CR or PR is considered in the overall response. (NCT01118624)
Timeframe: Assessed at the end of each even-numbered cycle (every 8 weeks), or per standard of care but no less than 4 weeks and nor more than every 12 weeks (+/- 1 week) if treatment has ended.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Pralatrexate1

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Incidence of Adverse Events (AEs) and Laboratory Abnormalities

(NCT01118624)
Timeframe: Recorded at all study visits: every 2 weeks while on treatment and at safety follow-up (35 +/- 5 days post-last dose) or early termination visit (at time of withdrawal).

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Pralatrexate21

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Duration of Response (DOR)

One patient has a PR as response and duration of response was provided for that patient. (NCT01118624)
Timeframe: Assessed at the end of each even-numbered cycle (every 8 weeks), or per standard of care but no less than 4 weeks and nor more than every 12 weeks (+/- 1 week) if treatment has ended.

Interventiondays (Number)
Pralatrexate112

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Percentage of Participants With No Viable Tumor Cells in Resected Lung Tissue [Pathological Complete Remission (pCR)]

pCR after the participant has undergone surgery was calculated as: (total number of participants with pCR) divided by (the total number of participants in pathological response population) multiplied by 100. (NCT01165021)
Timeframe: At the time of surgery (within 3 to 6 weeks of Day 1 of Cycle 3 [21-day cycles] of chemotherapy)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Pemetrexed + Cisplatin93.3

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Percentage of Participants Who Exhibit a Downward Shift in Tumor Extent From Stage IIIAN2 to Stages IIIA, II, I, or Stage 0

Tumor downstaging compared to baseline (Stage IIIAN2) were those participants who exhibited a downward shift in tumor extent from Stage IIIAN2 to Stages IIIA, II, I, or 0 were reported. Downstaging was based on radiological examination. Stage IIIAN2 was locally advanced and/or involved lymph nodes, metastasis in ipsilateral mediastinal and or subcarinal lymph nodes, tumors were ≤2 centimeters (cm) up to 5 cm in greatest dimension; Stage IIIA was locally advanced and/or involved lymph nodes, tumor extension was restricted to the affected lung; Stage II was locally advanced and/or involved lymph nodes; Stage I was small localized cancers, usually curable; Stage 0 the cancer did not spread beyond the inner lining of the lung. Missing responses were also reported. Percentage of participants calculated as: (number of participants with a downward shift in extent of their tumor) divided by (total number of evaluable participants) multiplied by 100. (NCT01165021)
Timeframe: From study enrollment until disease progression or recurrence up to completion of 3 cycles (21-day cycles) of chemotherapy

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
No Change or Worsening of Tumor StageChange to Stage IIIAChange to Stage IIChange to Stage IMissing
Pemetrexed + Cisplatin29.429.411.817.611.8

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Progression-Free Survival (PFS)

PFS was defined as the time from date of first dose to the first observation of disease progression or death due to any cause. For participants not known to have died or did not have objective progressive disease (PD) as of the data inclusion cut-off date, PFS was censored at the date of the last objective progression-free disease assessment. PD was defined using RECIST v1.1 criteria as at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study (including the baseline sum if that is the smallest). In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm. The appearance of one or more new lesions is also considered progression. (NCT01165021)
Timeframe: Enrollment until the first date of objectively determined PD or death up to 64 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pemetrexed + Cisplatin12.4

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Percentage of Participants With Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) [Overall Response Rate (ORR)]

Response was defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST v1.1) criteria. CR was defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and all target and non-target lymph nodes were non-pathological or normal in size [<10 millimeter (mm) short axis]. PR was defined as having at least a 30% decrease in sum of longest diameter of target lesions taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. ORR calculated as: (sum of the number of participants with PRs and CRs) divided by (number of evaluable participants) multiplied by 100. (NCT01165021)
Timeframe: From study enrollment until disease progression or recurrence up to completion of 3 cycles (21-day cycles) of chemotherapy

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Pemetrexed + Cisplatin41.2

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Overall Survival (OS)

OS was defined as duration from the date of study enrollment to the date of death from any cause. Participants not known to have died as of the data inclusion cut-off date were censored at the date of last contact. The last contact for participants in post-discontinuation was the last date participant was known to be alive. (NCT01165021)
Timeframe: Enrollment until the date of death from any cause up to 64 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pemetrexed + Cisplatin34.6

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To Determine the Overall Response Rate (CR+PR)

by RECIST version 1.1 criteria (NCT01183065)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Pralatrexate and Vitamin Supplementation8

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Change From Baseline in EuroQol- 5D (EQ-5D)

The EQ-5D is a generic, multidimensional, health status instrument. The profile allows participants to rate their health state in 5 health domains: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and mood using a 3-level scale (no problem, some problems, and major problems). These combinations of attributes were converted into a weighted health-state Index Score according to the United Kingdom (UK) population-based algorithm. The possible values for the Index Score ranged from -0.59 (severe problems in all 5 dimensions) to 1.0 (no problem in any dimension). A negative change indicated a worsening of the participant's health status. (NCT01183780)
Timeframe: Baseline and 30-Day Follow-Up (FU) up to 171 Weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Ramucirumab + FOLFIRI-0.097
Placebo + FOLFIRI-0.103

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Change From Baseline in European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer [EORTC] QLQ-C30 Global Health Status

The EORTC QLQ-C30 (v. 3.0) is a self-administered, cancer-specific questionnaire with multidimensional scales assessing 15 domains (5 functional domains, 9 symptoms, and global health status). A linear transformation was applied to standardize the raw scores to range between 0 and 100 per developer guidelines. For the functional domains and global health status scale, higher scores represent a better level of functioning. For symptom scales, higher scores represent a greater degree of symptoms. Maximum improvement is the best post-baseline change. (NCT01183780)
Timeframe: Baseline Up to 171 Weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Ramucirumab + FOLFIRI4.0
Placebo + FOLFIRI6.6

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Percentage of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Anti-Ramucirumab Antibodies

Blood samples were tested to determine if a participant reacted to ramucirumab by producing anti-ramucirumab antibodies. Samples were identified as treatment emergent anti-drug antibody (TE ADA) if the post-treatment sample had an increase of at least 4 fold in titer from pre-treatment values. If the pre-treatment value was not detected or was not present, a 1:20 post-treatment titer was required to indicate treatment emergence. The percentage of participants with TE ADA was calculated as: (the number of participants with TE ADA / total number of participants with at least 1 post-treatment immunogenicity sample analyzed)*100. (NCT01183780)
Timeframe: Cycles 1, 3, 5, and 30-Day FU

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Immunogenicity Any Time During Study (n=516, 512)Immunogenicity Post-Treatment (n=477, 473)
Placebo + FOLFIRI5.53.8
Ramucirumab + FOLFIRI5.63.1

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Progression-free Survival (PFS) Time

PFS was defined as the time from the date of randomization until the date of objectively determined progressive disease (PD) [according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version (v). 1.1] or death due to any cause, whichever was first. PD is at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study (this includes the baseline sum if that is the smallest on study). In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 millimeters (mm). Participants who died without a reported prior progression were considered to have progressed on the day of their death. Participants who did not progress or were lost to follow-up were censored at the day of their last radiographic tumor assessment. (NCT01183780)
Timeframe: Randomization to Measured PD or Date of Death from Any Cause Up to 38.01 Months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Ramucirumab + FOLFIRI5.7
Placebo + FOLFIRI4.5

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Observed Maximum Concentration (Cmax) and Observed Minimum Concentration (Cmin) of Ramucirumab

(NCT01183780)
Timeframe: Preinfusion and 1 hour postinfusion in Cycles 3, 5, 9, 13, and 17

Interventionmicrograms/milliliter (ug/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Cmin Dose 3 (n=248)Cmin Dose 5 (n=154)Cmin Dose 9 (n=27)Cmin Dose 13 (n=11)Cmin Dose 17 (n=5)Cmax Dose 3 (n=88)Cmax Dose 5 (n=51)Cmax Dose 9 (n=18)Cmax Dose 13 (n=12)Cmax Dose 17 (n=7)
Ramucirumab + FOLFIRI46.365.177.975.972.0221.0243.0262.0307.0253.0

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Percentage of Participants Achieving an Objective Response (Objective Response Rate)

The objective response rate is equal to the proportion of participants achieving a best overall response of partial response or complete response (PR + CR). Response was defined using RECIST, v. 1.1 criteria. CR was defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to <10 mm and normalization of tumor marker level of non-target lesions; PR was defined as having at least a 30% decrease in sum of longest diameter of target lesions taking as reference the baseline sum diameter. (NCT01183780)
Timeframe: Randomization until Disease Progression Up to 38.01 Months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Ramucirumab + FOLFIRI13.4
Placebo + FOLFIRI12.5

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Overall Survival (OS)

OS was defined as the time in months from the date of randomization to the date of death from any cause. For participants not known to have died as of the cut-off date, OS was censored at the last known date alive. (NCT01183780)
Timeframe: Randomization to Date of Death from Any Cause Up to 39.36 Months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Ramucirumab + FOLFIRI13.3
Placebo + FOLFIRI11.7

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Maximum Concentration of Drug in Plasma (Cmax)

The maximum concentration of Pralatrexate at day 1 and 15 among phase 1 participants dosed at 105 milligrams per square meter of body surface area (mg/m2). The concentration is given in micrograms per milliliter. (NCT01188876)
Timeframe: Day 1 and Day 15

Interventionug/ml (Mean)
Day 1Day 15
Carboplatin/Pralatrexate23.8717.61

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Overall Survival

The number of participants still alive at the given time points. The duration of time is measured from the start of treatment until death due to any cause, participants are censored at the date of the last evaluation. The number participants surviving at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months is shown. (NCT01188876)
Timeframe: 6, 12, 18, and 24 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
6 Months12 Months18 Months24 Months
Carboplatin/Pralatrexate49494633

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Progression Free Survival

The number of participants alive and without disease progression at the given time-points. Time is measured from the start of treatment. Progression is defined as having at least a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter (LD) of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum LD recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions. (NCT01188876)
Timeframe: 3 months, 6 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
3 Months6 Months
Carboplatin/Pralatrexate4440

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Area Under the Plasma Drug Concentration-Time Curve (AUC)

Area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC) for phase 1 participants that were dosed at 105 mg/m2. AUC represents the actual body exposure to drug after administration of a dose of the drug and is expressed in micrograms * hour per milliliter (ug*h/mL). (NCT01188876)
Timeframe: Day 1 and Day 15

Interventionug*h/mL (Mean)
Day 1Day 15
Carboplatin/Pralatrexate9.898.01

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Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD)

The maximum tolerated dose of Pralatrexate in combination with Carboplatin in this patient population. The unit is given in milligrams per square meter of body surface area. MTD was determined using a standard 3 + 3 dose escalation cohort, where 3 participants were enrolled on the starting dose of 30 mg/m2 and if no dose limiting toxicities (DLT) were experienced after a full cycle, 3 additional participants were enrolled at the next highest dose level. Each increase in dose level escalated the dose of Pralatrexate by 15 mg/m2. If during any dose level, 1 patient out of 3 develops a DLT, then 3 additional patients will be added to that dose level. If 2 out of the 3 patients placed on any dose level experience a DLT, the preceding dose is considered MTD. If 1/6 has a DLT, the next higher dose level will commence accrual (unless at level +5 and then accrual to the Phase I portion will stop). If ≥ 2 of 6 patients have a DLT, then the preceding dose will be considered MTD. (NCT01188876)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionmg/m^2 (Number)
Carboplatin/Pralatrexate105

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Characterize Vincristine-associated Neuropathy in Children Undergoing Therapy for Average Risk (AR) ALL at End of Maintenance Cycle 1: Left

Strength in the left ankle dorsiflexors averaged over two measurements. Age and gender standardized mean and standard deviation for the cohort will be reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 1 Year

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk-0.36

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Burden of Therapy in Boy AR Patients Overall at End of Therapy: Emotional

Age standardized Quality of life, measured by the emotional subscale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Genetic Core Scales (PedsQL), will be calculated with mean and standard deviation reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 3.2 years

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk-0.62

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Burden of Therapy in AR Patients Overall at End of Maintenance Cycle 7 (Boys)/End of Therapy (Girls): Emotional

Age standardized Quality of life, measured by the emotional subscale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL), will be calculated with mean and standard deviation reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 2.5 years

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk-0.74

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Burden of Therapy in AR Patients Overall at End of Maintenance Cycle 7 (Boys)/End of Therapy (Girls): Physical

Age standardized Quality of life, measured by the physical subscale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL), will be calculated with mean and standard deviation reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 2.4 Years

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk-0.66

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Burden of Therapy in AR Patients Overall at End of Maintenance Cycle 7 (Boys)/End of Therapy (Girls): Social Functioning

Age standardized Quality of life, measured by the social functioning subscale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL), will be calculated with mean and standard deviation reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 2.4 Years

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk-0.30

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Burden of Therapy in AR Patients by Vincristine Pulse Frequency Randomization Groups (4 Week vs. 12 Week) at End of Maintenance Cycle 4: Emotional

Age standardized Quality of life, measured by the emotional subscale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL), will be calculated for each group with means and standard deviation reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 1.7 years

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk: VCR/DEX Pulse Every 4 Weeks-0.80
B-ALL Average Risk: VCR/DEX Pulse Every 12 Weeks-0.89

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Burden of Therapy in AR Patients by Vincristine Pulse Frequency Randomization Groups (4 Week vs. 12 Week) at End of Maintenance Cycle 4: Physical

Age standardized Quality of life, measured by the physical subscale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL), will be calculated for each group with means and standard deviation reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 1.7 Years

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk: VCR/DEX Pulse Every 4 Weeks-0.62
B-ALL Average Risk: VCR/DEX Pulse Every 12 Weeks-0.64

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Burden of Therapy in AR Patients by Vincristine Pulse Frequency Randomization Groups (4 Week vs. 12 Week) at End of Maintenance Cycle 4: Social Functioning

Age standardized Quality of life, measured by the social functioning subscale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL), will be calculated for each group with means and standard deviation reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 1.7 Years

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk: VCR/DEX Pulse Every 4 Weeks-0.16
B-ALL Average Risk: VCR/DEX Pulse Every 12 Weeks-0.25

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Burden of Therapy in AR Patients by Vincristine Pulse Frequency Randomization Groups (4 Week vs. 12 Week) at End of Maintenance Cycle 7 (Boys)/End of Therapy (Girls): Physical

Age standardized Quality of life, measured by the physical subscale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL), will be calculated for each group with mean and standard deviation reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 2.4 Years

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk: VCR/DEX Pulse Every 4 Weeks-0.64
B-ALL Average Risk: VCR/DEX Pulse Every 12 Weeks-0.67

[back to top]

Burden of Therapy in AR Patients by Vincristine Pulse Frequency Randomization Groups (4 Week vs. 12 Week) at End of Maintenance Cycle 7 (Boys)/End of Therapy (Girls): Social Functioning

Age standardized Quality of life, measured by the social functioning subscale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL), will be calculated for each group with mean and standard deviation reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 2.4 Years

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk: VCR/DEX Pulse Every 4 Weeks-0.27
B-ALL Average Risk: VCR/DEX Pulse Every 12 Weeks-0.34

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Burden of Therapy in AR Patients Overall at End of Consolidation Therapy: Emotional

Age standardized Quality of life, measured by the emotional subscale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL), will be calculated with mean and standard deviation reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 2 Months

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk-1.21

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Burden of Therapy in AR Patients Overall at End of Consolidation Therapy: Physical

Age and gender standardized Quality of life, measured by the physical subscale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL), will be calculated with mean and standard deviation reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 2 Months

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk-1.44

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Burden of Therapy in AR Patients Overall at End of Consolidation Therapy: Social Functioning

Age standardized Quality of life, measured by the social functioning subscale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL), will be calculated with mean and standard deviation reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 2 Months

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk-0.42

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Burden of Therapy in AR Patients Overall at End of Maintenance Cycle 1: Emotional

Age standardized Quality of life, measured by the emotional subscale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL), will be calculated with mean and standard deviation reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk-0.86

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Burden of Therapy in AR Patients Overall at End of Maintenance Cycle 1: Physical

Age standardized Quality of life, measured by the physical subscale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL), will be calculated with mean and standard deviation reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 1 Year

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk-0.59

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Burden of Therapy in AR Patients Overall at End of Maintenance Cycle 1: Social Functioning

Age standardized Quality of life, measured by the social functioning subscale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL), will be calculated with mean and standard deviation reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 1 Year

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk-0.19

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Burden of Therapy in AR Patients Overall at End of Maintenance Cycle 4: Emotional

Age standardized Quality of life, measured by the emotional subscale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL), will be calculated with mean and standard deviation reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 1.7 years

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk-0.84

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Burden of Therapy in AR Patients Overall at End of Maintenance Cycle 4: Physical

Age standardized Quality of life, measured by the physical subscale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL), will be calculated with mean and standard deviation reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 1.7 years

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk-0.63

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Burden of Therapy in AR Patients Overall at End of Maintenance Cycle 4: Social Functioning

Age standardized Quality of life, measured by the social functioning subscale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL), will be calculated with mean and standard deviation reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 1.7 Years

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk-0.20

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Burden of Therapy in Boy AR Patients by Vincristine Pulse Frequency Randomization Groups (4 Week vs. 12 Week) at End of Therapy: Emotional

Age standardized Quality of life, measured by the emotional subscale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL), will be calculated for each group with mean and standard deviation reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 3.2 Years

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk: VCR/DEX Pulse Every 4 Weeks-0.71
B-ALL Average Risk: VCR/DEX Pulse Every 12 Weeks-0.51

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Burden of Therapy in Boy AR Patients by Vincristine Pulse Frequency Randomization Groups (4 Week vs. 12 Week) at End of Therapy: Physical

Age standardized Quality of life, measured by the physical subscale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL), will be calculated for each group with mean and standard deviation reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 3.2 Years

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk: VCR/DEX Pulse Every 4 Weeks-0.85
B-ALL Average Risk: VCR/DEX Pulse Every 12 Weeks-0.47

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Burden of Therapy in Boy AR Patients by Vincristine Pulse Frequency Randomization Groups (4 Week vs. 12 Week) at End of Therapy: Social Functioning

Age standardized Quality of life, measured by the social functioning subscale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL), will be calculated for each group with mean and standard deviation reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 3.2 Years

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk: VCR/DEX Pulse Every 4 Weeks-0.46
B-ALL Average Risk: VCR/DEX Pulse Every 12 Weeks-0.33

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Burden of Therapy in AR Patients by Vincristine Pulse Frequency Randomization Groups (4 Week vs. 12 Week) at End of Maintenance Cycle 7 (Boys)/End of Therapy (Girls): Emotional

Age standardized Quality of life, measured by the emotional subscale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL), will be calculated for each group with mean and standard deviation reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 2.4 Years

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk: VCR/DEX Pulse Every 4 Weeks-0.72
B-ALL Average Risk: VCR/DEX Pulse Every 12 Weeks-0.77

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Sample Collection of Central Path Review Slides in B-LLy Patients

Percent of B-LLy patients who had adequate/usable samples of samples collected will be reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: Up to 1 month

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
B-LLy89.7

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Overall Survival (OS) for B-LLy Patients

OS is calculated as the time from study enrollment to death or date of last contact. The 5-year OS and 95% confidence interval for these patients will be estimated. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 5 years

Interventionpercent probability (Number)
B-LLy93.97

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Event Free Survival (EFS) for B-LLy Patients

EFS is calculated as the Time from study enrollment to first event (induction failure, relapse, second malignancy, remission death) or date of last contact. The 5-year EFS and 95% confidence interval for these patients will be estimated. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 5 years

Interventionpercent probability (Number)
B-LLy94.54

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Disease Free Survival (DFS) in Average Risk (AR) Patients Based on the Methotrexate Dose Randomization

DFS is calculated as the time from randomization at the end of interim maintenance II to first event (relapse, second malignancy, remission death) or date of last contact. Five year DFS estimates will be calculated from the point of randomization for both groups. Two-sided 95% confidence intervals will be calculated. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 5.7 years

Interventionpercent probability (Number)
B-ALL Average Risk: MTX 20 mg/m^2/Week Starting Dose95.05
B-ALL Average Risk: MTX 40 mg/m^2/Week Starting Dose94.17

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DFS in Low Risk (LR) Patients Based on Randomization to 1 of 2 Low-intensity Regimens

DFS is calculated as the time from randomization at the end of Induction to first event (relapse, second malignancy, remission death) or date of last contact. Five year DFS estimates will be calculated from the point of randomization for both groups. Two-sided 95% confidence intervals will be calculated. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 5.1 years

Interventionpercent probability (Number)
B-ALL Low Risk Arm I (LR-M)98.75
B-ALL Low Risk Arm II (LR-C)98.50

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Characterize Vincristine-associated Neuropathy in Children Undergoing Therapy for Average Risk (AR) ALL at End of Consolidation Therapy-Right

Strength in the right ankle dorsiflexors averaged over two measurements. Age and gender standardized mean and standard deviation for the cohort will be reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 2 Months

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk-0.87

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Characterize Vincristine-associated Neuropathy in Children Undergoing Therapy for Average Risk (AR) ALL at End of Consolidation Therapy-Left

Strength in the left ankle dorsiflexors averaged over two measurements. Age and gender standardized mean and standard deviation for the cohort will be reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 2 Months

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk-0.84

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Characterize Vincristine-associated Neuropathy in Children Undergoing Therapy for Average Risk (AR) ALL 12 Months Post Therapy: Right

Strength in the right ankle dorsiflexors averaged over two measurements. Age and gender standardized mean and standard deviation for the cohort will be reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 4.2 Years

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk-1.12

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Characterize Vincristine-associated Neuropathy in Children Undergoing Therapy for Average Risk (AR) ALL 12 Months Post Therapy: Left

Strength in the left ankle dorsiflexors averaged over two measurements. Age and gender standardized mean and standard deviation for the cohort will be reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 4.2 Years

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk-1.19

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Burden of Therapy in Boy AR Patients Overall at End of Therapy: Social Functioning

Age standardized Quality of life, measured by the Social functioning subscale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL), will be calculated with mean and standard deviation reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 3.2 Years

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk-0.40

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Burden of Therapy in Boy AR Patients Overall at End of Therapy: Physical

Age standardized Quality of life, measured by the physical subscale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL), will be calculated with mean and standard deviation reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 3.2 years

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk-0.67

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DFS in Average Risk (AR) Patients Based on the Pulse Frequency Randomization

DFS is calculated as the time from randomization at the end of interim maintenance II to first event (relapse, second malignancy, remission death) or date of last contact. Five year DFS estimates will be calculated from the point of randomization for both groups. Two-sided 95% confidence intervals will be calculated. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 5.7 years

Interventionpercent probability (Number)
B-ALL Average Risk: VCR/DEX Pulse Every 4 Weeks94.10
B-ALL Average Risk: VCR/DEX Pulse Every 12 Weeks95.13

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DFS for SR Down Syndrome Patients With Standardized Treatment and Enhanced Supportive Care

DFS is calculated as the time from end of Induction to first event (relapse, second malignancy, remission death) or date of last contact. The 5-year DFS and 95% confidence interval for these patients will be estimated. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 5.1 years

Interventionpercent probability (Number)
Standard Risk With Down Syndrome89.77

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Characterize Vincristine-associated Neuropathy in Children Undergoing Therapy for Average Risk (AR) ALL by Vincristine Pulse Frequency Randomization Groups (4 Week vs. 12 Week) at End of Maintenance Cycle 7 (Boys)/End of Therapy (Girls): Right

Strength in the right ankle dorsiflexors averaged over two measurements. Age and gender standardized mean and standard deviation for each randomization group will be reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 2.4 Years

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk: VCR/DEX Pulse Every 4 Weeks-1.12
B-ALL Average Risk: VCR/DEX Pulse Every 12 Weeks-0.02

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Characterize Vincristine-associated Neuropathy in Children Undergoing Therapy for Average Risk (AR) ALL by Vincristine Pulse Frequency Randomization Groups (4 Week vs. 12 Week) at End of Maintenance Cycle 7 (Boys)/End of Therapy (Girls): Left

Strength in the left ankle dorsiflexors averaged over two measurements. Age and gender standardized mean and standard deviation for each randomization group will be reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 2.4 Years

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk: VCR/DEX Pulse Every 4 Weeks-1.19
B-ALL Average Risk: VCR/DEX Pulse Every 12 Weeks0.21

[back to top]

Characterize Vincristine-associated Neuropathy in Children Undergoing Therapy for Average Risk (AR) ALL at End of Maintenance Cycle 7 (Boys)/End of Therapy (Girls): Right

Strength in the right ankle dorsiflexors averaged over two measurements. Age and gender standardized mean and standard deviation for the cohort will be reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 2.4 Years

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk-0.27

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Characterize Vincristine-associated Neuropathy in Children Undergoing Therapy for Average Risk (AR) ALL at End of Maintenance Cycle 7 (Boys)/End of Therapy (Girls): Left

Strength in the left ankle dorsiflexors averaged over two measurements. Age and gender standardized mean and standard deviation for the cohort will be reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 2.4 Years

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk-0.28

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Characterize Vincristine-associated Neuropathy in Children Undergoing Therapy for Average Risk (AR) ALL at End of Maintenance Cycle 1: Right

Strength in the right ankle dorsiflexors averaged over two measurements. Age and gender standardized mean and standard deviation for the cohort will be reported. (NCT01190930)
Timeframe: 1 Year

InterventionZ-Score (Mean)
B-ALL Average Risk-0.39

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Response Rate

(NCT01194453)
Timeframe: 6 weeks

Interventionpercentage (Number)
Group A24.41
Group B14.17

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Progression Free Survival (PFS)

(NCT01194453)
Timeframe: 36months

Interventionday (Median)
Group A168
Group B140

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Haemoglobin Level

Haemoglobin level (g/L) measured by cyanmethaemoglobin method (NCT01198574)
Timeframe: at week 0, week 6 and week12

,,,
Interventiong/L (Mean)
Hb week 0 (Baseline)Hb week 6 (Midline)Hb week 12 (Endline)
Iron and Vitamin A Group88.499.2111.4
Iron Group88.398.1110.8
Placebo Group89.698.3109.7
Vitamin A Group89.298.7109.0

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Status of Tissue Iron Store

Tissue iron store was measured by serum ferritin (NCT01198574)
Timeframe: at week 0, week 6 and week12

,,,
Interventionµg/L (Geometric Mean)
serum ferritin (Baseline)serum ferritin (Midline)serum ferritin (Endline)
Iron and Vitamin A Group25.932.335.4
Iron Group32.134.539.6
Placebo Group31.126.528.2
Vitamin A Group34.432.135.0

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Status of Cellular Iron Deficiency

Cellular Iron deficiency status is also measured by serum transferrin receptor (NCT01198574)
Timeframe: at week 0, week 6 and week12

,,,
Interventionmg/L (Geometric Mean)
serum transferrin receptor (Baseline)serum transferrin receptor (Midline)serum transferrin receptor (Endline)
Iron and Vitamin A Group7.166.736.24
Iron Group7.096.696.44
Placebo Group6.746.596.61
Vitamin A Group6.566.396.27

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Pharmacokinetic (PK) Parameter: Serum Concentration of Functional and Bound Sarilumab

(NCT01217814)
Timeframe: Week 12

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Bound ConcentrationFunctional Concentration
Sarilumab 150 mg qw4271.4342391.43

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Overall Survival (OS) Time

OS was defined as the time (in months) from randomization to death. For subjects who were still alive at the analysis data cut-off date or who lost to follow-up, survival was censored at the last recorded date that the subject was known to be alive. (NCT01228734)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 333 weeks

Interventionmonths (Median)
Cetuximab + FOLFOX-420.8
FOLFOX-416.5

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Progression Free Survival (PFS) Time

PFS was defined as the duration (in months) from randomization until the first progressive disease (PD) observation as assessed by the Independent Review Committee (IRC) according to Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.0, or death due to any cause when death occurred within 90 days of randomization or the last tumor assessment, whichever was later. PD was defined as at least a 20% increase in the sum of longest diameter (LD) of the target lesions, taking as references the smallest sum LD since the treatment started (including baseline), or appearance of one or more new lesions, and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions. (NCT01228734)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 333 weeks

Interventionmonths (Median)
Cetuximab + FOLFOX-49.2
FOLFOX-47.4

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Best Overall Response Rate (ORR)

The Best ORR was defined as the percentage of subjects having achieved complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) according to RECIST version 1.0 as determined by the IRC. CR: defined as disappearance of all target and all non-target lesions and no new lesions. PR: defined as at least a 30% decrease in sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters, no progression of non-target lesions and no new lesions. (NCT01228734)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 333 weeks

Interventionpercentage of subjects (Number)
Cetuximab + FOLFOX-466.3
FOLFOX-440.5

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Time to Treatment Failure (TTF)

TTF was defined as time from randomization to date of the first occurrence of radiologically confirmed PD as determined by IRC, Clinical PD according to the Investigator's assessment (if radiological confirmation of PD by IRC was unavailable), discontinuation of treatment due to progression or adverse event, start of new anticancer therapy, withdrawal of consent, or death within 90 days of last tumor assessment or randomization. Subjects without event were censored on the date of last tumor assessment. (NCT01228734)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 333 weeks

Interventionmonths (Median)
Cetuximab + FOLFOX-49.2
FOLFOX-45.6

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Number of Subjects With Curative Surgery of Liver Metastases

The number of subjects who underwent liver metastatic surgery after start of treatment and the outcome of surgery with respect to residual tumor after surgery (R0, R1, R2, not evaluable) were summarized. In case of resection of more than one metastasis, the worst outcome of surgery defined the overall status of a subject. R0 = No residual tumor after resection (all lesions resected completely); R1 = Metastases not resected completely with microscopic residual lesions; and R2 = Metastases not resected completely with macroscopic residual lesions. (NCT01228734)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 333 weeks

,
Interventionsubjects (Number)
Subjects with liver surgerySubjects with liver surgery outcome: R0Subjects with liver surgery outcome: R1Subjects with liver surgery outcome: R2Subjects not evaluable
Cetuximab + FOLFOX-497100
FOLFOX-462200

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Probability of Being BCR-ABL Negative in the Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood at the Completion of the CNS Prophylaxis Course (Restricted to Those Patients Achieving a CR)

Proportions will be estimated based on the combined and individual cohorts. (NCT01256398)
Timeframe: 10 years

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
Treatment (Chemotherapy, Transplant)0.667

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Response

Proportion of patients reaching a CR. A CR requires the following: an absolute neutrophil count (segs and bands) >1000/μL, no circulating blasts, platelets >100,000/μL; adequate bone marrow cellularity with trilineage hematopoiesis, and <5% marrow leukemia blast cells. All previous extramedullary manifestations of disease must be absent (e.g., lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, skin or gum infiltration, testicular masses, or CNS involvement). (NCT01256398)
Timeframe: 10 years

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
Treatment (Chemotherapy, Transplant).9846

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Overall Survival (OS)

Estimated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Proportions will be estimated using point as well as interval estimators. All interval estimators will be constructed using the finite sample size sampling distribution at the unadjusted two-sided level of 0.05. (NCT01256398)
Timeframe: 10 years

InterventionMonths (Median)
Treatment (Chemotherapy, Transplant)55.9

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Disease Free Survival (DFS)

Estimated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Proportions will be estimated using point as well as interval estimators. All interval estimators will be constructed using the finite sample size sampling distribution at the unadjusted two-sided level of 0.05. (NCT01256398)
Timeframe: 10 years

InterventionMonths (Median)
Treatment (Chemotherapy, Transplant)29.7

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Disease Free Survival Defined From the Date of First Induction Complete Response (CR) to Relapse or Death Due to Any Cause

Estimated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Proportions will be estimated using point as well as interval estimators. All interval estimators will be constructed using the finite sample size sampling distribution at the unadjusted two-sided level of 0.05. (NCT01256398)
Timeframe: At 3 years after CR

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Treatment (Chemotherapy, Transplant)52.6

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Feasibility of Maintenance Therapy in This Patient Population (Restricted to Those Patients Achieving a CR). Feasibility Will be Defined as the Number of Deaths Ocuring.

Proportions will be estimated based on the combined and individual cohorts. (NCT01256398)
Timeframe: 10 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Chemotherapy, Transplant)5

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Proportion of Participants With RBC Folate Below 906 Nmol/L in the Yasmin + Metafolin Group in the Folate Elimination Phase (Week 24 to 44)

Proportion of participants with RBC folate below 906 nmol/L in the Yasmin + Metafolin group in the folate elimination phase (week 24 to 44) (NCT01258660)
Timeframe: from week 24 to week 44

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
week 24week 26week 28week 30week 32week 34week 36week 38week 40week 42week 44
EE 0.03 mg/DRSP 3 mg/Metafolin + Folic Acid Placebo0.0530.0670.1470.2130.4000.5330.7070.7600.8270.8670.907

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Homocysteine Concentrations in Plasma at Baseline and at the End of Treatment (Week 24) With Metafolin

Homocysteine concentrations in plasma at baseline (median of baseline concentrations) and at the end of treatment (week 24) with Metafolin (NCT01258660)
Timeframe: baseline and week 24

Interventionµmol/L (Mean)
baseline24 weeks
EE 0.03 mg/DRSP 3 mg/Metafolin + Folic Acid Placebo9.37.5

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Homocysteine Concentrations in Plasma at Baseline and at the End of Treatment (Week 24) With Folic Acid

Homocysteine concentrations in plasma at baseline (median of baseline concentrations) and at the end of treatment (week 24) with folic acid (NCT01258660)
Timeframe: baseline, and up to 24 weeks of treatment

Interventionµmol/L (Mean)
baseline24 weeks
EE 0.03 mg/DRSP 3 mg (Yasmin) + Folic Acid9.27.6

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Folate Metabolite Pattern in Plasma at Cycle 6

Folate metabolite pattern in plasma at cycle 6 (NCT01258660)
Timeframe: week 24

,
Interventionnmol/L (Mean)
THF5,10-methenyl-THF
EE 0.03 mg/DRSP 3 mg (Yasmin) + Folic Acid5.761.95
EE 0.03 mg/DRSP 3 mg/Metafolin + Folic Acid Placebo5.921.46

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Folate Metabolite Pattern in Plasma at Cycle 3

Folate metabolite pattern in plasma at cycle 3 (NCT01258660)
Timeframe: week 12

,
Interventionnmol/L (Mean)
THF5,10-methenyl-THF
EE 0.03 mg/DRSP 3 mg (Yasmin) + Folic Acid5.281.45
EE 0.03 mg/DRSP 3 mg/Metafolin + Folic Acid Placebo4.981.76

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Folate Metabolite Pattern in Plasma at Baseline

Folate metabolite pattern in plasma at baseline (NCT01258660)
Timeframe: pre-treatment

,
Interventionnmol/L (Mean)
Tetrahydrofolate (THF)5,10-methenyl-THF
EE 0.03 mg/DRSP 3 mg (Yasmin) + Folic Acid4.601.63
EE 0.03 mg/DRSP 3 mg/Metafolin + Folic Acid Placebo4.071.57

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Area Under the Curve From Time 0 to 24 Weeks [AUC(0-24weeks)] for Plasma Folate and RBC (Red Blood Cell) Folate (Baseline Corrected)

The AUC is a measure of systemic drug exposure, which is obtained by collecting a series of blood samples and measuring the concentrations of drug in each sample. (NCT01258660)
Timeframe: up to 24 weeks of treatment

,
Interventionnmol·week/L (Geometric Mean)
plasma folateRBC folate
EE 0.03 mg/DRSP 3 mg (Yasmin) + Folic Acid5618863
EE 0.03 mg/DRSP 3 mg/Metafolin + Folic Acid Placebo64010427

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Area Under the Curve (AUC) From Time 0 to 24 Weeks [AUC(0-24weeks)] for Plasma Folate and RBC (Red Blood Cell) Folate (Baseline Uncorrected)

The Area under the curve (AUC) is a measure of systemic drug exposure, which is obtained by collecting a series of blood samples and measuring the concentrations of drug in each sample. (NCT01258660)
Timeframe: up to 24 weeks of treatment

,
Interventionnmol·week/L (Geometric Mean)
plasma folateRBC folate
EE 0.03 mg/DRSP 3 mg (Yasmin) + Folic Acid90421876
EE 0.03 mg/DRSP 3 mg/Metafolin + Folic Acid Placebo103024176

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Progression Free Survival

"Measurements according to RECIST 1.1 criteria (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors). Main techniques: CT-scan. Two groups will be defined based on the score built from the proposed clinical variables and biomarkers. Instead of a binomial distribution, a Log-rank method has been used to calculate the sample size in order to include all the incidents during the follow-up. Expecting a minimum 20% difference (60 vs. 40%) on PFS at 12 months between groups and with the following assumptions:~Alpha error (bilateral): 5% Beta error: 20% Results are reported by subgroups to compare outcome measure according to BRAF mutation. All patients belong to same treatment/study arm." (NCT01276379)
Timeframe: 4 years

InterventionMonths (Median)
WT BRAF - FOLFIRI (m) or FOLFOX-6 (m) + Cetuximab11.4
Mutant BRAF - FOLFIRI (m) or FOLFOX-6 (m) + Cetuximab5.9

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Response Duration

Duration of the partial or total response to the treatment. Evaluation and classification according to RECIST 1.1 criteria (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) (NCT01276379)
Timeframe: 4 years

InterventionMonths (Median)
FOLFIRI (m) or FOLFOX-6 (m) + Cetuximab8.66

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Secondary Biomarkers Analysis

The secondary biomarkers in serum and tumoral tissue will be analysed in order to predict the acquired resistance. (NCT01276379)
Timeframe: 4 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
PI3K and PTEN72100462IGF-1RP/MMP772100462
UKWTMutant
FOLFIRI (m) or FOLFOX-6 (m) + Cetuximab69
FOLFIRI (m) or FOLFOX-6 (m) + Cetuximab98
FOLFIRI (m) or FOLFOX-6 (m) + Cetuximab14
FOLFIRI (m) or FOLFOX-6 (m) + Cetuximab158
FOLFIRI (m) or FOLFOX-6 (m) + Cetuximab23
FOLFIRI (m) or FOLFOX-6 (m) + Cetuximab0

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Frequency of Adverse Events

"Frequency and type of adverse events (AEs). AEs were coded according to NCI CTCAE V3.0 and classified by frequency, relatedness to study treatment (related/not related) and severity (Grade).~Severity ranges from grade 1 (low intensity) to Grade 5 (max. intensity, death)" (NCT01276379)
Timeframe: 4 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Any AEs72100462Grade 3 or higher AEs72100462Grade 5 AEs72100462Treatment related AEs of any grade72100462Treatment related AEs grade 3 or higher72100462
noyes
FOLFIRI (m) or FOLFOX-6 (m) + Cetuximab198
FOLFIRI (m) or FOLFOX-6 (m) + Cetuximab20
FOLFIRI (m) or FOLFOX-6 (m) + Cetuximab138
FOLFIRI (m) or FOLFOX-6 (m) + Cetuximab80
FOLFIRI (m) or FOLFOX-6 (m) + Cetuximab5
FOLFIRI (m) or FOLFOX-6 (m) + Cetuximab213
FOLFIRI (m) or FOLFOX-6 (m) + Cetuximab176
FOLFIRI (m) or FOLFOX-6 (m) + Cetuximab42
FOLFIRI (m) or FOLFOX-6 (m) + Cetuximab101
FOLFIRI (m) or FOLFOX-6 (m) + Cetuximab117

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Overall Survival

"Measured as time in months from start of study treatment to death or lost to follow up.~Results are reported by subgroups to compare outcome measure according to BRAF mutation. All patients belong to same treatment/study arm." (NCT01276379)
Timeframe: 4 years

InterventionMonths (Median)
WT BRAF - FOLFIRI (m) or FOLFOX-6 (m) + Cetuximab32.6
Mutant BRAF - FOLFIRI (m) or FOLFOX-6 (m) + Cetuximab9.3

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Duration of Response (DOR)

DOR was defined as the time from the date of first documented objective response of PR or CR, whichever was noted earlier, to first subsequent disease progression or death (if death occurred before progression was documented). DOR was defined for responders only (that is, subjects with CR or PR). DOR for subjects without disease progression or death before progression was right censored at the date of their last tumor assessment. (NCT01289821)
Timeframe: From start of treatment until 30 days after the last dose of study treatment, assessed by every 8 weeks

InterventionDays (Median)
Regorafenib + Oxaliplatin/Folinic Acid/5-FU (mFOLFOX6)257

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Disease Control (DC)

DC was defined as the proportion of participants who had a best response rating of CR, PR, or stable disease (SD) according to RECIST criteria that was achieved during treatment or within 30 days after termination of study treatment. CR and PR were confirmed not earlier than 4 weeks following the initial detection of response. A minimum of 8 weeks (allowing a minus 7-day time window) between start of study treatment and the first follow-up tumor assessment with SD as response was required to assign SD as best overall response. (NCT01289821)
Timeframe: From start of treatment until 30 days after the last dose of study treatment, assessed by every 8 weeks

InterventionProportion of participants (Number)
Regorafenib + Oxaliplatin/Folinic Acid/5-FU (mFOLFOX6)0.8537

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Duration of Stable Disease (DOSD)

DOSD was only evaluated in participants failing to achieve a best response of CR or PR, but who achieved SD. DOSR was defined as the time (in days) from date of start of study treatment to the date at which disease progression or death (if death occurred before progression was first documented). The date the tumor scan was performed was used for this calculation. DOSD for participants without disease progression or death before progression at the time of analysis were censored at the date of their last tumor assessment. (NCT01289821)
Timeframe: From start of treatment until 30 days after the last dose of study treatment, assessed by every 8 weeks

InterventionDays (Median)
Regorafenib + Oxaliplatin/Folinic Acid/5-FU (mFOLFOX6)231

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Progression-free Survival (PFS)

PFS was defined as time from the date of start of study treatment to the date of first observed disease progression (radiological according to central assessment or clinical), or death due to any cause, if death occurred before progression was documented. PFS for participants without disease progression or death at the date of database cutoff were right-censored at the last date of tumor assessment. Participants who had no tumor evaluation after baseline and no clinical progression post baseline and who did not die were censored at Day 1 in the analysis. PD = At least a 20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions taking as reference the smallest sum on study (this includes the baseline sum if that is the smallest on study). In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm. Unequivocal progression of existing non target lesions or the appearance of one or more new lesions will also constitute PD. (NCT01289821)
Timeframe: From start of treatment until 30 days after the last dose of study treatment, assessed by every 8 weeks

InterventionDays (Median)
Regorafenib + Oxaliplatin/Folinic Acid/5-FU (mFOLFOX6)258

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Overall Survival (OS)

OS was calculated as the time from first date of receiving study treatment to date of death due to any cause. Participants alive at the time of analysis were censored at their last date of follow-up. (NCT01289821)
Timeframe: From start of treatment until 30 days after the last dose of study treatment, assessed by every 8 weeks

InterventionDays (Median)
Regorafenib + Oxaliplatin/Folinic Acid/5-FU (mFOLFOX6)772

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Objective Response (OR)

OR was defined as the best tumor response (confirmed complete response [CR] or partial response [PR]) observed by MRI or CT scan assessed according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria, version 1.1. CR and PR were confirmed not earlier than 4 weeks following the initial detection of response. CR = Disappearance of all clinical and radiological evidence of tumor (both target and no-target). Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non target) must have a reduction in short axis to < 10 mm. PR = At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions taking as reference the baseline sum, no unequivocal progression of existing nontarget lesions and no appearance of new lesions. (NCT01289821)
Timeframe: From start of treatment until 30 days after termination of study medication, an average of 47 weeks. Assessed every 8 weeks.

InterventionProportion of participants (Number)
Regorafenib + Oxaliplatin/Folinic Acid/5-FU (mFOLFOX6)0.4390

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Progression-free Survival

Descriptively summarized using the method of Kaplan-Meier. Response and disease progression were assessed using RECIST criteria version 1.1 (NCT01307956)
Timeframe: Patients were followed from time of consent until the date of first documented progession or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed up to 100 months.

Interventiondays (Median)
Treatment (Panitumumab, Chemotherapy, Radiation)409

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Complete Pathological Response (pCR) Rate

Based on the proportion who achieve pCR based on the first 4 courses of protocol treatment. Evaluated using the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 guidelines. Means (with associated standard errors), medians (with ranges), percentages and 95% confidence intervals will be reported as appropriate. (NCT01307956)
Timeframe: Up to 8 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Panitumumab, Chemotherapy, Radiation)3

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Overall Survival

Descriptively summarized using the method of Kaplan-Meier. (NCT01307956)
Timeframe: From the first date of therapy until the date the patient dies, assessed up to 100 months

Interventiondays (Median)
Treatment (Panitumumab, Chemotherapy, Radiation)596

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Number of Patients Who Can Undergo Resection

Restaging with repeat imaging studies will be performed. If no contraindication for surgical resection is identified, resection will be performed. Means (with associated standard errors), medians (with ranges), percentages and 95% confidence intervals will be reported as appropriate. (NCT01307956)
Timeframe: 4 weeks after completion of the radiation

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Panitumumab, Chemotherapy, Radiation)11

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Periventricular Leukomalacia

One of the two outcomes used to measure neonatal morbidity. (NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Infants to the participants were followed for 28 days after birth.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid 4 mg4
Placebo2

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Perinatal Mortality

The perinatal mortality is defined as the number of deaths (fetal deaths and neonatal deaths) of babies ≥ 500 grams birth weight or, if birth weight is unavailable, a gestational age ≥ 20+0 weeks, up to 28 completed days after birth. (NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Participants will be followed from 20+0 weeks of gestation until 28 days of life.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid 4 mg23
Placebo37

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Intrauterine Growth Restriction (<10th Percentile)

Intrauterine growth restriction is defined as a birth weight less than the 10th percentile of the population, adjusted for sex and gestational age, based on the current population-based Canadian reference standard. (NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Participants will be followed from 20+0 weeks of gestation until delivery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid 4 mg151
Placebo144

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Composite Severe Adverse Fetal/Neonatal Outcome

Composite outcome included any of retinopathy of prematurity, periventricular leukomacia, early onset sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular haemorrhage, ventilation. Need for O2at 28 days, NICU admission (NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Outcomes included in the composite outcome were measured for each of their respective time frames, up to 6-weeks after birth

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid 4 mg63
Placebo51

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Early Onset Sepsis

Within first 48hr of life, confirmed by positive blood or cerebrospinal fluid cultures (NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Infants born to the participants will be followed first 48 hours of life.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid 4 mg3
Placebo9

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HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzyme Levels & Low Platelet Count)

Haemolysis (characteristic peripheral blood smear), Serum LDH >=600U/L, Serum AST >=70U/L, Platelet count <100 x109/L (NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Participants will be followed from 20+0 weeks of gestation until delivery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid 4 mg6
Placebo5

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Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Admission

This outcome measured whether or not the infant was admitted into the NICU. (NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Infants to the participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, or up to 6 weeks.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid 4 mg299
Placebo267

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Neonatal Death

Neonatal death defined as death of the infant occurred before 28 days of life (NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Infants to the participants will be followed for 28 days after birth.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid 4 mg151
Placebo144

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Neonatal Death

Neonatal death defined as death of a baby that occurred during first 28 days of life. (NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Participants will be followed from birth until 28 days of life

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid 4 mg8
Placebo11

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Need for Oxygen at 28 Days

(NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Infants to the participants will be followed for 28 days after birth.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid 4 mg9
Placebo3

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Necrotising Enterocolitis

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) according to modified Bell's criteria stage 2 or higher (grossly bloody stool, plus absent bowel sounds with or without abdominal tenderness and radiographic findings such as intestinal dilation, ileus, pneumatosis intestinalis), excluding isolated spontaneous intestinal perforations. (NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Infants borm to the participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, or up to 6 weeks.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid 4 mg8
Placebo3

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Length of Stay in 'High Level' Neonatal Care Unit

(NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Infants to the participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, or up to 6 weeks.

Interventiondays (Mean)
Folic Acid 4 mg16
Placebo17

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Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH)

"IVH Grade 1(Blood in germinal matrix)~IVH Grade 2 (Blood in germinal matrix and extending into the ventricles)~IVH Grade 3 (Ventricular enlargement)~IVH Grade 4 (Intraparenchymal lesion)" (NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Time Frame: Infants born to the participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, or up to 6 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid 4 mg18
Placebo19

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Intrauterine Growth Restriction (<3rd Percentile)

Intrauterine growth restriction is defined as a birth weight less than the 3rd percentile of the population, adjusted for sex and gestational age, based on the current population-based Canadian reference standard. (NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Participants will be followed from 20+0 weeks of gestation until delivery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid 4 mg20
Placebo25

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Maternal Death

"According to the World Health Organization, A maternal death is defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes." (NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Time Frame: Participants will be followed from 20+0 weeks of gestation until 42 days postpartum (after delivery)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid 4 mg0
Placebo0

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Antenatal Inpatient Length of Stay

Length of inpatient stay before admission for delivery in days (NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Participants will be followed from date of randomization (8-16 weeks' completed gestation) until admission for delivery

Interventiondays (Mean)
Folic Acid 4 mg5.6
Placebo5.2

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Ventilation

Ventilatory support after initial resuscitation, with/without intubation. (NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Infants born to the participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, or up to 6 weeks.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid 4 mg49
Placebo30

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Stillbirth

Fetal death defined as death of fetus of at least 500 grams birth weight or, if birth weight is unavailable, a gestational age of at least 20+0 weeks of gestation. (NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Participants will be followed from 20+0 weeks of gestation up to delivery.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid 4 mg15
Placebo26

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Spontaneous Abortion

Spontaneous abortion or miscarriage defined as death of a fetus <500g or <20 weeks of gestation (NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Participants will be followed from randomization until 20+0 weeks of gestation

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid 4 mg27
Placebo21

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Severe Preeclampsia

Severe PE: Defined as PE with convulsion or HELLP or delivery <34 weeks. (NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Participants will be followed from 20+0 weeks of gestation until delivery.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid 4 mg24
Placebo16

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Retinopathy of Prematurity

Retinopathy of prematurity a retinopathy typically occurring in premature infants treated with high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, tortuosity, edema, retinal detachment, and fibrous tissue behind the lens confirmed by retinal examination according to an International Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. (NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Infants born to the participant will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, or up to 6 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid 4 mg21
Placebo13

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Preterm Birth

Birth that occur earlier than 37+0 weeks of gestational age. (NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Participants will be followed from 20+0 weeks to 36+6 weeks of gestation

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid 4 mg297
Placebo304

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Premature Rupture of Membranes

Rupture of the membranes (rupture of the amniotic sac) before the onset of labor. (NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Participants will be followed from randomization (8-16 weeks' completed gestation) until the onset of labor

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid 4 mg215
Placebo224

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Preeclampsia

"PE is defined as diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg on two occasions ≥4 hours apart and proteinuria developed in women greater than 20+0 weeks of gestation. Proteinuria is defined as: urinary protein ≥300mg in 24 hour urine collection OR in the absence of 24 hour collection, ≥2+ dipstick proteinuria, OR random protein-creatinine ratio ≥30mg protein/mmol.~OR HELLP (Haemolysis, Elevated, Liver Enzymes, Low Platelets) syndrome defined as: Haemolysis (characteristic peripheral blood smear), Serum LDH ≥ 600U/L, Serum AST ≥ 70U/L, and Platelet count <100 x109/L~OR Superimposed pre-eclampsia, defined as history of pre-existing hypertension (diagnosed pre-pregnancy or before 20+0 weeks' gestation) with new proteinuria." (NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Participants will be followed from 20+0 weeks of gestational age until 42 days postpartum (after delivery)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid 4 mg169
Placebo156

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Placenta Abruption

Placental abruption (abruptio placentae) is the premature detachment of a normally positioned placenta from the wall of the uterus. (NCT01355159)
Timeframe: Participants will be followed from 20+0 weeks of gestation until delivery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid 4 mg12
Placebo19

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Change in Resting Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity (MSNA)

(NCT01356966)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 weeks

Interventionbursts/minute (Mean)
Tetrahydrobiopterin + Folate-7.5
Placebo + Folate3.2

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Change in Mean Central Augmentation Index (AIx)

The augmentation index (AIx) is a measure of systemic arterial stiffness, and is defined as the ratio of augmentation (Δ P) to central pulse pressure and expressed as percent. AIx = (ΔP/PP) x 100, where P = pressure and PP = Pulse Pressure. The mean AIx for each group was estimated as an average and expressed as a change from baseline to 12 weeks. (NCT01356966)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 weeks

Interventionpercent (Mean)
Tetrahydrobiopterin + Folate-5.8
Placebo + Folate1.8

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Change in Heart-rate-corrected Augmentation Index (AIx)

The augmentation index (AIx) is a measure of systemic arterial stiffness, and is defined as the ratio of augmented aortic pressure (Δ P) to central pulse pressure expressed as a percent. AIx = (ΔP/PP) x 100, where P = pressure and PP = Pulse Pressure. Because heart rate (HR) affects AIx, AIx was corrected to a HR of 75 beats per minute (bpm) as follows: HR-corrected AIx = -0.39 x (75 - HR) + AIx. The mean AIx for each group was estimated as an average and expressed as a change from baseline to 12 weeks. (NCT01356966)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 weeks

Interventionpercent (Mean)
Tetrahydrobiopterin + Folate-3.2
Placebo + Folate1.1

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Blood Loss

500 cc or more (NCT01436266)
Timeframe: one day following the procedure

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Active Comparator: Misoprostol0
Placebo Comparator: Placebo (Folic Acid)0

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Patient-reported Quality of Life (QOL) After Baseline Visit.

Patient reported quality of life was measured with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Generic (FACT-G). The FACT-G is a scale for assessing general QOL of cancer patients. It consists of four subscales: Physical Well Being, Functional Well Being, Social/Family Well-Being, and Emotional Well-Being. Each item in the FACT-G was scored using a 5-point scale (0=not at all; 1=a little bit; 2=somewhat; 3=quite a bit; 4=very much). For the negative statements, reversal was performed prior to score calculation. According to the FACIT measurement system, a subscale score was the summation of the individual item scores if more than 50% of subscale items were answered. When unanswered items existed, a subscale score was prorated by multiplying the mean of the answered item scores by the number of items in the subscale. The FACT-G score is calculated as the sum of the subscale scores. The FACT-G score ranges 0-108. A larger score suggests better QOL. (NCT01535053)
Timeframe: Prior to cycle 3 (4 weeks after cycle 1 if off study treatment prior to cycle 3). Prior to cycle 5, Prior to cycle 7, 26 weeks after starting study treatment.

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Pre-cycle 3Pre-cycle 5Pre-cycle 726 weeks
Regimen I (Dactinomycin)78.375.585.091.2
Regimen II (Methotrexate)81.678.984.590.9

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Percentage of Participants With Complete Response

Complete Response is defined as 3 consecutive bi-weekly values of hCG<5 over a minimum of 4 weeks of normal hCG values with no values greater than 5 mIU/ml (NCT01535053)
Timeframe: hCG testing is performed prior to each cycle to treatment until treatment is completed, up to 10 months. For patients who have responded to treatment hCG must be obtained every 4 weeks for 1 year after completing treatment.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Regimen I (Dactinomycin)78.6
Regimen II (Methotrexate)88.5

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Patient-reported Quality of Life (QOL) at Baseline

Patient reported quality of life was measured with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Generic (FACT-G). The FACT-G is a scale for assessing general QOL of cancer patients. It consists of four subscales: Physical Well Being, Functional Well Being, Social/Family Well-Being, and Emotional Well-Being. Each item in the FACT-G was scored using a 5-point scale (0=not at all; 1=a little bit; 2=somewhat; 3=quite a bit; 4=very much). For the negative statements, reversal was performed prior to score calculation. According to the FACIT measurement system, a subscale score was the summation of the individual item scores if more than 50% of subscale items were answered. When unanswered items existed, a subscale score was prorated by multiplying the mean of the answered item scores by the number of items in the subscale. The FACT-G score is calculated as the sum of the subscale scores. The FACT-G score ranges 0-108. A larger score suggests better QOL. (NCT01535053)
Timeframe: Prior to cycle 1

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Regimen I (Dactinomycin)82.3
Regimen II (Methotrexate)81.9

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The Number of Participants With Post Protocol Multi-agent Chemotherapy Treatment for Each Arm.

(NCT01535053)
Timeframe: Anytime during post treatment follow-up for up to 2 years from study entry.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Regimen I (Dactinomycin)0
Regimen II (Methotrexate)0

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The Number of Participants With Post Protocol Surgical Treatment for Each Arm.

(NCT01535053)
Timeframe: Anytime during post treatment follow-up for up to 2 years from study entry.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Regimen I (Dactinomycin)0
Regimen II (Methotrexate)0

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Number of Participants With CTCAE v4 Graded Adverse Events With Low-risk Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia by Arm

Maximum grade of physician assessed adverse events reported during treatment (NCT01535053)
Timeframe: Assessed throughout the treatment period and within 2-4 weeks after discontinuation of treatment

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Grade 1Grade 2Grade 3Grade 4Grade 5
Regimen I (Dactinomycin)714600
Regimen II (Methotrexate)4101000

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GMDS (Griffiths Mental Development Scale)

GMDS for testing and estimate babies psychomotor development from birth to 2 years trough six subscales : Locomotor, Personal-social, Hearing and language, Eye-Hand coordination, Performance.Sub- and General Quotients (GDQ) standard score are based on a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 16. For children with delayed development, which is the case for children with Down Syndrome, Quotient tables could be not used because sub- and General quotient floors at 50. For each subscale, a raw score was derived from the contributing items. Total raw score was obtained by adding subscale raw scores. Sum of all subscale raw scores was converted into a development age using correspondence table. Subscale and global development quotients were computed by dividing the development age by the chronological age multiplied by 100. For preterm infants, chronological age was corrected taking into account the gestational term. Higher QD's scores show a better psychomotor development outcome (NCT01576705)
Timeframe: 12 months

Interventiondeveloppement quotient (Mean)
Thyroxin + Folinic Acid51.96
Thyroxin+Folinic Acid Placebo51.27
Thyroxin Placebo+ Folinic Acid51.66
Thyroxin Placebo+ Folinic Acid Placebo51.67

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BL (Brunet Lezine Revised Scale)

BL includes 4 subscales : Locomotor, Coordination, Language, Sociability. Subscale and global developpemental quotients were computed by dividing the developpemental age by the chronological age multiplied by 100. This kind of formula do not give a min-max outcome. Higher QD's scores show a better psychomotor developpement outcome. (NCT01576705)
Timeframe: 12 months

Interventiondeveloppement quotient (Mean)
Thyroxin + Folinic Acid51.18
Thyroxin+Folinic Acid Placebo50.64
Thyroxin Placebo+ Folinic Acid51.24
Thyroxin Placebo+ Folinic Acid Placebo51.36

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Median Overall Survival (OS)

OS, defined as the time from study enrollment to death from any cause, will be analyzed and summarized with the survival probabilities over time using Kaplan-Meier method. Confidence intervals for the median OS rates at different time points will be constructed when appropriate. (NCT01581307)
Timeframe: Up to 29 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
2nd Line Chemotherapy With Radiotherapy14.09

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Rate of Progression Free Survival (PFS)

PFS defined as the time from study enrollment to progression in the liver by modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) or death, whichever occurs first will be analyzed and summarized with the survival probabilities over time using Kaplan-Meier method. Confidence intervals for the median PFS rates at different time points will be constructed when appropriate. (NCT01581307)
Timeframe: Up to 29 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
2nd Line Chemotherapy With Radiotherapy3

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Overall Response Rate (ORR)

The overall response: ORR = complete response (CR) + partial response (PR). Rate will be summarized using both point estimates and exact confidence intervals based on the binomial distribution by groups. (NCT01581307)
Timeframe: Up to 29 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Complete ResponsePartial Response
2nd Line Chemotherapy With Radiotherapy05

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Pharmacokinetics: Dose-Normalized AUC(0-∞) of Irinotecan and Its Metabolite SN-38 in Cycle 2

Dose-normalized AUC(0-∞) was calculated from AUC(0-∞) divided by the dose. Data presented are Geo LS means. Geo LS means were adjusted for cycle, participant and random error. (NCT01634555)
Timeframe: Cycle 2: 0, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, 48, 72, 96 and 168 hours post-irinotecan infusion

Interventionnanograms*hour/milliliter/milligram (Least Squares Mean)
IrinotecanMetabolite SN-38
Ramucirumab + FOLFIRI (Cycle 2)20.560.77

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Pharmacokinetics: Dose-Normalized Cmax of Irinotecan and Its Metabolite SN-38 in Cycle 2

Dose-normalized Cmax was calculated from Cmax divided by the dose. Data presented are Geo LS means. Geo LS means were adjusted for cycle, participant and random error. (NCT01634555)
Timeframe: Cycle 2: 0, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, 48, 72, 96 and 168 hours post-irinotecan infusion

Interventionnanograms/milliliter/milligram (Least Squares Mean)
IrinotecanMetabolite SN-38
Ramucirumab + FOLFIRI (Cycle 2)3.310.05

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Pharmacokinetics: Dose-Normalized Maximum Observed Drug Concentration (Cmax) of Irinotecan and Its Metabolite SN-38 in Cycle 1

Dose-normalized Cmax was calculated from Cmax divided by the dose. Data presented are Geo LS means. Geo LS means were adjusted for cycle, participant and random error. (NCT01634555)
Timeframe: Cycle 1: 0, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, 48, 72, 96 and 168 hours post-irinotecan infusion

Interventionnanograms/milliliter/milligram (Least Squares Mean)
IrinotecanMetabolite SN-38
FOLFIRI (Cycle 1)3.180.05

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Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Anti-Drug Antibodies (TE-ADA)

Number of participants with positive treatment emergent anti-ramucirumab antibodies was summarized by treatment group. (NCT01634555)
Timeframe: Up To 2 Years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Ramucirumab + FOLFIRI (Cycle 2)0

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Pharmacokinetics: Cmax of Ramucirumab (IMC-1121B)

(NCT01634555)
Timeframe: Cycle 2: -2, -1, -0.5, 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 25, 48, 72, 96, 168, 264, 336 hours post-ramucirumab (IMC-1121B) infusion

Interventionmicrograms/milliliter (µg/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Ramucirumab + FOLFIRI (Cycle 2)201.6

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Pharmacokinetics: Dose-Normalized Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve of Irinotecan and Its Metabolite SN-38 From Time Zero to Infinity [AUC(0-∞)] in Cycle 1

Dose-normalized AUC(0-∞) was calculated from AUC(0-∞) divided by the dose. Data presented are Geometric Least Squares (Geo LS) means. Geo LS means were adjusted for cycle, participant and random error. (NCT01634555)
Timeframe: Cycle 1: 0, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, 48, 72, 96 and 168 hours post-irinotecan infusion

Interventionnanograms*hour/milliliter/milligram (Least Squares Mean)
IrinotecanMetabolite SN-38
FOLFIRI (Cycle 1)22.120.81

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Number of Participants Within the Categories of Increasing and Decreasing Serum Magnesium

Serum magnesium (Mg) was to be measured at baseline, Week 16 (on adalimumab) and at week 28 (on adalimumab plus folic acid, vitamins B6 and B12) in adult participants age 18 or older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Weeks 16 and 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
IncreasedUnchangedDecreased
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins122

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PASI Change Related to Baseline Body Mass Index Above, Below and Equal to 27.3

Change in PASI from Week 16 on adalimumab to Week 28 on adalimumab, folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 in adults ages 18-65 with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and Week 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
BMI >27.3 who improvedBMI >27.3 who worsenedBMI of 27.3 who were unchangedBMI<27.3 who improvedBMI<27.3 who worsened
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins40002

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Number of Participants With Category Change in Vitamin B12 Blood Level

Adult participants 18 years or older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis were to have serum B12 levels measures Weeks 0 (on no systemic psoriasis medication), 16 (on adalimumab) and week 28 (on adalimumab plus daily 5 mg folic acid, 100 mg vitamin B6 and 1000 mcg B12. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: At Week 16 and Week 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
IncreasedUnchangedWorsened
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins500

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Number of Participants Who Fulfilled the Category of Having Height Measured

Height is the distance from the bottom (soles of feet ) to the top (top of head) of a person when that person is standing in this study using ruler in inches.Participants measured were adults age 18 or older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 0 at Start of Adalimumab

Interventionparticipants (Number)
MeasuredNot measured
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins80

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Number of Participants With a Categorical Change in Static Physician Global Assessment (sPGA):

Number of participants with a category change in Physician static Global Assessment (sPGA): 7 point score from 0 (clear) to 6 measuring amount of surface covered and plaque qualities: thickness & erythema plus scaling. Dynamic score compares baseline with either improvement/ worsening of the same factors measured in the sPGA using the 0-6 scoring range but focused on change. sPGA at weeks 16 AND 28. dynamic PGA to be categoically measured at.weeks16 and 28. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and Week 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
ImprovedUnchangedWorsened
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins313

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Number of Participants With a Categorical DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index) Change

DLQI is 10 questions examining impact of skin disease on quality of life: (1) symptoms & feelings (2) daily activities (3) leisure (4) work & school (5) personal relationship (6) treatment. To be administered to adults over 18 years with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis at week 0 (no systemic psoriasis medication);. weeks 16 ( after 16 weeks of adalimumab) and week 28 (after 16 weeks adalimumab then 12 weeks of adalimumab plus daily 5 mg folic acid, 100 mg vitamin B6 and 1000 mcg B12). (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and Week 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
ImprovedUnchangedWorsened
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins331

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Number of Participants With Category Change in Serum Folic Acid Level.

Serum folic acid level in adults ages 18 and older with mild to moderate plaque psoriasis measured at week 16 after 16 weeks adalimumab and at week 28 after 16 weeks adalimumab plus 12 weeks of adalimumab and daily 5 mg folic acid, 100 mg vitamin B6 and 1000 mcg B12. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Weeks 16 and 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
IncreasedUnchangedDecreasedNot evaluable (if >20 ng/ml only stated as such)
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins3002

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Number of Participants With Category Change in Serum VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factorl)

Adult particpants ages 18 or older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis were to have serum VEGF measured at week 0 on no systemic psoriasis medication then at both weeks 16 on adalimumab and at week 28 on adalimumab plus folic acid, B6 and Vitamin B12. Subjects raniked by BMI week 0 low to high (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: At Screening visit, Week 16 on Humira, after another 12 weeks on Humira plus vitamins and if early termination

Interventionparticipants (Number)
IncreasedUnchangedDecreased
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins401

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Number of Participants Within Categories of Body Temperature Change

Using a thermometer for body temperature on degrees Fahrenheit. Participants to be measured were adults 18 years or older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis with temperature to be measured at week 16 16 weeks of adalimumab and week 28 after 16 weeks of adalimumab then 12 weeks of adalimumab plus 5 mg folic acid, 100 mg vitamin B6 and 1000 mcg of B12. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Weeks 16 and 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
increasedunchangeddecreased
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins221

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PASI Change in Participants With Baseline VEGF Above 140 pg/ml and in Participants With Normal Baseline VEGF

Baseline VEGF level at week zero related to PASI change Week 16 on adalimumab compared to Week 28 after additonal 12 weeks of adalimumab plus folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 in adult psoriasis patients ages 18-65 with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.High levels were greater than or equal to 140 pg/ml. Normal VEGF was below this level. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and Week 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
PASI improved with high VEGFPASI Worsened with high VEGFPASI Unchanged with normal VEGFPASI Improved with normal VEGFPASI Worsened with normal VEGF
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins12130

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Number of Participants in the Categories of Normalizing, Unchanging and Newly Abnormal Electrocardiograms (EKGs)

An electrocardiogram (EKG) is used to evaluate the electrical activity of the heart by converting this activity into line tracings on paper.. Electrodes (small, plastic patches) are placed at certain locations on the chest, arms, and legs. When the electrodes are connected to an EKG machine by lead wires, the electrical activity of the heart is measured, interpreted, and printed out for the doctor's information and further interpretation. This test was to be administered to adults age 18 or older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis patients at week 0, 16 and week 28 of this study. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and then Week 28 after another 12 weeks on Humira plus vitamins and if early termination

Interventionparticipants (Number)
NormalizingUnchangedNewly abnormal
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins141

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Number of Particpants With a Categorical PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) Change

PASI: formula based on body surface areas on head/neck, trunk, both arms & legs with disease quality grading induration, scale and erythema on participants ages 18-65 with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis measured at weeks 16 and 28. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Weeks 16 and 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
ImprovedUnchangedWorsened
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins412

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Number of Participants Within the Categories of Positive Urine Pregnancy Test (Urine Hcg)

Women of childbearing years over age 18 with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis on no systemic therapy at week 0 of study. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: At screening

Interventionparticipant (Number)
NegativePositive
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins10

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Number of Participants Within the Categories of Elevated and Normal Helicobacter Pylori Antibody

Adult participants age 18 years or older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis with serum IgG antibodies against Helicobacter pylori bacteria using commercial ELISA assay during the 28 week study. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 28 after 16 weeks of Adalimumab then 12 of Adalimumab-Vitamins

Interventionparticipants (Number)
ElevatedNormal
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins26

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Number of Participants Within the Categories of Increasing and Decreasing Serum Vitamin B6 Level

Serum vitamin B6 levels were to be measured weeks16 after 16 weeks adalimumab and at week 28 after 16 weeks adalimumab and 12 weeks on adalimuamb, folic acid 5 mg, b6 100 mg and B12 1000 mcg in adult participants with moderate to sever plque psoriasis. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: At Week 16 and Week 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
IncreasedUnchangedDecreased
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins400

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Number of Participants Within the Categories of Increasing and Decreasing Serum Phosphorus

Serum phosphorus (P) levels were to be measured weeks16 and 28 in adult participants age 18 and older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis at week 0 on no systemic psoriasis medication; week 16 after 16 weeks of adalimumab and at week 28 after 16 weeks of adalimumab plus 12 weeks of adalimumab plus 5 mg folic acid, 100 mg vitamin B6 and 1000 mcg of B12. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 then Week 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
IncreasedUnchangedDecreased
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins302

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Number of Participants in Categories or Increasing and Decreasing Changes Within the CBC (Complete Blood Count)

Change in CBC parameter: white blood count or hemoglobin or hematocrit ( as measured week 16 on adalimumab and at week 28 after 12 more weeks on adalimuamb , folic acid, B6 and B12) in adults ages 18-65 with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and Week 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
WBC increasedWBC unchangedWBC decreasedHemoglobin/Hematocrit increasedHemoglobin/Hematocrit unchangedHemoglobin/Hematocrit decreased
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins302302

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Psoriasis Change in Participants With High H. Pylori Titers and With Normal Titers.

Change in PASI from Week 16 after 16 weeks of adalimumab to Week 28 after another 12 weeks of adalimumab plus folic acid, vitamins B6 and B12 and Change reported by telephone 70 days after week 28 (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 to Week 28 and Week 28 to post study day 70

Interventionparticipants (Number)
high titer worsenedhigh titer improved then worsened day 70normal titer improvednormal titer unchanged then improved day 70normal titer worsened
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins11311

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Number of Participants in the Categories of Having and of Not Having a Serious Adverse Event (SAE)

A serious adverse event is hosptalization or death or pathology leading to early termination of a participant from the study. This was to be reported at anytime during the 28 week study of adult patients ages 18-65 with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis though categorized by Week 16 (on adalimumab alone, by Week 28 (on adalimuamb plus 3 B vitaminsand by day 70 post Week 28. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: By Week 16, by Week 28 and by Day 70 post Week 28.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
No SAESAE by Week 16SAE by Week 28SAE by Day 70 afterWeek 28
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins7100

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Number of Participants Within the Categories of Increasign and Decreasing Body Weight

Weight is how heavy a participant is. Weight in pounds of each study adult participant age 18-65 years with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis measured at weeks 16 and compared to week 28 of study. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and Week 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
IncreasedUnchangedDecreased
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins205

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Number of Participants Within the Categories of Increasing and Decreasing Blood Pressure and Pulse Measures:

Blood pressure is the force the heart exerts against the walls of arteries as it pumps the blood out to the body. The unit of measurement is millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Pulse is the number of times your heart beats per minute. The unit of measurement is beats per minute (BPM). These test measurements compared in adults with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis week 16 after 16 weeks adalimumab and week 28 after 16 weeks adalimumab plus 5 mg folic acid, 100 mg vitamin B6 and 1000 mcg vitamin B12. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and Week 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Systolic BP increasedSystolic BP unchangedSystolic BP decreasedDiastolic BP increasedDiastolic BP unchangedDiastolic BP decreasedPulse increasedPulse unchangedPulse decreased
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins403502502

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Number of Participants Within the Categories of Increasing and Decreasing Serum Homocysteine

Serum homocysteine measured at week 16 after 16 weeks of adalimumab and week 28 after 16 weeks of adalimumaband then 12 weeks of adalimumab plus 5 mg folic acid, 100mg B6 and 1000 mcg of B12 in adults ages 18-65 with moderate to sever plaque psoriasis.. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and Week 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
IncreasedUnchangedDecreased
Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins103

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Number of Participants in the Categories of Having and Not Having an Adverse Event

"Worsening psoriasis or development or worsening of measured condition or new pathology not seen by week 16 but developed at weeks 28 or first discoved by telephone call day 70 post study:~AE Humira only" (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: After Week 16 of study

Interventionparticipants (Number)
No Adverse Event after Week 16Adverse Event Weeks 16-28Adverse event by Day 70 call after Week 28
Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins241

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Participants Who Experienced Safety Concerns, Where Safety Concerns of Quercetin Supplementation is Indicated by Significant Change From Baseline Measures of Tests Indicated Below in Outcome Measure Description

"Note: If values for any of the measures indicated here were found, the participant would be indicated as a participant with a safety concern, and values for that particular measure would be posted specifically, but since none of the participants experienced these outlying values, results of all tests are expressed here as a composite function.~PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST:~FEV1% of predicted: decline by >20% from baseline COMPLETE BLOOD COUNTS: WBC (cells)/mm3 : <2000, Platelets (cells)/mm3: <25,000, Hemoglobin (g/dL): <7.0 COMPREHENSIVE METABOLIC PROFILE (study drug related):Sodium (mmol/L): <125 or >148, Potassium (mmol/L): < 3.0 or > 6.0, Calcium (mmol/L): <7.4 or > 11.5, LIVER FUNCTION TESTS INCREASE BY FACTOR: Enzymes ALT, AST, and Alkaline phosphate, Total bilirubin: for any of these a value >3X upper limit of normal" (NCT01708278)
Timeframe: One week in Phase I safety study

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sugar Chew- Cohort 10
Quercetin 1-Cohort 10
Quercetin 2-Cohort 20
Quercetin 3-Cohort 30
Sugar Chew-Cohort 20
Sugar Chew-Cohort 30

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Change From Baseline in Disease Activity Score 28-Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (DAS28-ESR)

DAS28 consisted of a composite score of the following variables: tender joint count (TJC28), swollen joint count (SJC28), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (millimeters per hour), and Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity. DAS28 was calculated using the following formula: DAS28-ESR=0.56*square root (sqrt)(TJC28)+0.28*sqrt(SJC28)+0.70*natural log(ESR)+0.014*Patient's Global VAS. Scores ranged 1.0-9.4, where lower scores indicated less disease activity. (NCT01711359)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24; Baseline, Week 52

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Week 24Week 52
Baricitinib-2.76-2.84
Baricitinib + MTX-3.06-3.22
Methotrexate-2.20-2.32

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Change From Baseline in European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) Scores (Self-Perceived Health)

A second component of the EQ-5D-5L is a self-perceived health score which is assessed using a VAS that ranges from 0 to 100 millimeter (mm), where 0 indicates the worst health you can imagine and 100 indicates the best health you can imagine. (NCT01711359)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24; Baseline Week 52

,,
Interventionmillimeter (Mean)
Self-Perceived Health Week 24Self-Perceived Health Week 52
Baricitinib24.124.5
Baricitinib + MTX21.424.5
Methotrexate14.513.6

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Change From Baseline in Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) Scores

"The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) Scale is a13-item, symptom-specific questionnaire that specifically assesses the participant's self-reported severity of fatigue and its impact upon daily activities and functioning. The FACIT-F uses a numeric rating scale of 0 (Not at all) to 4 (Very much) for each item to assess fatigue and its impact in the past 7 days. Total scores range from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating less fatigue." (NCT01711359)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24; Baseline Week 52

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Week 24Week 52
Baricitinib13.011.3
Baricitinib + MTX12.312.6
Methotrexate9.39.1

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Change From Baseline in Joint Space Narrowing and Bone Erosion Scores

X-rays of the hands/wrists and feet were assessed for joint space narrowing (JSN) and bone erosions. Assessment of JSN for each hand (15 joints per hand) and foot (6 joints per foot), including subluxation, is scored from 0 to 4, with 0 indicating no (normal) JSN and 4 indicating complete loss of joint space, bony ankylosis or luxation. JSN scores ranged from 0-168. A score of 0 would indicate no change and higher scores represent a worsening of joint space narrowing. The bone erosion score is a summary of erosion severity in 32 joints of the hands and 12 joints of the feet. Each joint is scored according to the surface area involved from 0 to 5 for hand joints and 0 to 10 for the foot joints, with 0 indicating no erosion and the highest score (5 for the hand and 10 for the foot) indicating extensive loss of bone from more than one half of the articulating bone. Erosion scores ranged from 0 (no erosion) to 280 (high erosion). (NCT01711359)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24; Baseline, Week 52

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
JSN Week 24JSN Week 52Bone Erosion Week 24Bone Erosion Week 52
Baricitinib0.080.260.350.55
Baricitinib + MTX0.050.080.270.33
Methotrexate0.150.230.490.80

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Change From Baseline in Mental Component Score (MCS) and Physical Component Score (PCS) of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Version 2 Acute (SF-36v2 Acute)

The SF-36 is a health-related survey that assesses participant's quality of life and consists of 36 questions covering 8 health domains: physical functioning, bodily pain, role limitations due to physical problems and emotional problems, general health, mental health, social functioning, vitality, and 2 component scores (MCS and PCS). MCS consisted of social functioning, vitality, mental health, and role-emotional scales. PCS consisted of physical functioning, bodily pain, role-physical, and general health scales. Each domain is scored by summing the individual items and transforming the scores into a 0 to 100 scale with higher scores indicating better health status or functioning. (NCT01711359)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24; Baseline Week 52

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
MCS Week 24MCS Week 52PCS Week 24PCS Week 52
Baricitinib5.95.812.511.6
Baricitinib + MTX4.65.013.213.3
Methotrexate3.42.49.49.4

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Change From Baseline in the Modified Total Sharp Score (mTSS)

"X-rays of the hands/wrists and feet were scored for structural progression as measured using the mTSS (van der Heijde 2000). This methodology quantified the extent of bone erosions and joint space narrowing for 44 and 42 joints, with higher scores representing greater damage.~The mTSS at a time point is the sum of the erosion (range from 0 to 280) and JSN (range from 0 to 168) scores, for a maximum score of 448." (NCT01711359)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Methotrexate0.64
Baricitinib0.43
Baricitinib + MTX0.32

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Change From Baseline in Work Productivity and Activity Impairment-Rheumatoid Arthritis (WPAI-RA) Scores

The Work Productivity and Activity Impairment-Rheumatoid Arthritis (WPAI-RA) questionnaire was developed to measure the effect of general health and symptom severity on work productivity and regular activities in the 7 days prior to the visit. It contains 6 items covering overall work productivity (health), overall work productivity (symptom), impairment of regular activities (health), and impairment of regular activities (symptom). Scores are calculated as impairment percentages. The WPAI-RA yields four types of scores: Absenteeism (work time missed), Presenteeism (impairment at work), Work productivity loss (overall work impairment), and Activity impairment. (NCT01711359)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24; Baseline Week 52

,,
InterventionPercentage of Impairment (Mean)
Absenteeism Week 24 (n=76, 56, 90)Absenteeism Week 52 (n=52, 51, 71)Presenteeism Week 24(n=70, 51, 86)Presenteeism Week 52 (n=51, 47, 75)Work Productivity Loss Week 24 (n=70, 71, 86)Work Productivity Loss Week 52 (n=51, 47, 75)Activity Impairment Week 24 (n=184, 145, 192)Activity Impairment Week 52 (n=141, 131, 172)
Baricitinib-8.7-8.4-26-27-25.6-27.6-36-34
Baricitinib + MTX-7.6-7.3-32-33-30.9-33.8-31-37
Methotrexate-3.6-3.0-19-26-17.8-24.1-25-28

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Change From Baseline in Worst Joint Pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)

"Participants rated their joint pain by selecting a number from 0 to 10 that best described their worst joint pain during the last 24 hours, where 0 represents no pain and 10 represents pain as bad as you can imagine." (NCT01711359)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24; Baseline Week 52

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Week 24Week 52
Baricitinib-3.9-3.9
Baricitinib + MTX-3.9-4.1
Methotrexate-2.8-3.0

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Change From Baseline in Worst Tiredness Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)

"Participants rated their tiredness by selecting a number from 0 to 10 that best described their worst tiredness during the last 24 hours, where 0 represents no tiredness and 10 represents as bad as you can imagine." (NCT01711359)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24; Baseline Week 52

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Week 24Week 52
Baricitinib-3.0-2.9
Baricitinib + MTX-3.0-3.0
Methotrexate-2.2-2.3

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Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology 50% (ACR50) Response

"ACR50 Responder Index is composite of clinical, laboratory, and functional measures in RA. ACR50 Responder is a participant who has at least 50% improvement in both tender and swollen joint counts and in at least 3 of the following 5 criteria: Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity, Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity, HAQ-DI, pain due to arthritis, and hsCRP. Participants with missing responses and participants who discontinued study or drug or were rescued before analysis time point were deemed non-responders." (NCT01711359)
Timeframe: Week 12, Week 24, Week 52

,,
InterventionPercent of participants (Number)
Week 12Week 24Week 52
Baricitinib54.759.757.2
Baricitinib + MTX60.063.361.9
Methotrexate32.943.337.6

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Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology 70% (ACR70) Response

"ACR70 Responder Index is composite of clinical, laboratory, and functional measures in RA. ACR70 Responder is a participant who has at least 70% improvement in both tender and swollen joint counts and in at least 3 of the following 5 criteria: Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity, Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity, HAQ-DI, pain due to arthritis, and hsCRP. Participants with missing responses and participants who discontinued study or drug or were rescued before analysis timepoint were deemed non-responders." (NCT01711359)
Timeframe: Week 12, Week 24, Week 52

,,
InterventionPercent of participants (Number)
Week 12Week 24Week 52
Baricitinib30.842.142.1
Baricitinib + MTX33.539.546.0
Methotrexate15.721.425.2

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Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) Remission

"The ACR/EULAR definitions of RA remission include a Boolean-based definition. The Boolean-based definition of remission occurs when all 4 of the following criteria are met at the same visit: TJC28 ≤1, SJC28 ≤1, acute phase response using C-reactive protein (milligrams per deciliter) ≤1, Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using VAS (cm) ≤1." (NCT01711359)
Timeframe: Week 12, Week 24, Week 52

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 12Week 24Week 52
Baricitinib13.818.917.0
Baricitinib + MTX14.416.320.9
Methotrexate5.78.611.4

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Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology 20% Improvement (ACR20)

"ACR20 Responder Index is a composite of clinical, laboratory, and functional measures in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). ACR20 Responder is a participant who has at least 20% improvement in both tender and swollen joint counts and in at least 3 of the following 5 criteria: Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity, Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using visual analog scale (VAS), Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI), pain due to arthritis, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Participants with missing responses and participants who discontinued study or drug or were rescued before analysis time point were deemed non-responders." (NCT01711359)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionPercent of participants (Number)
Methotrexate61.9
Baricitinib76.7
Baricitinib + MTX78.1

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Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology 20% Improvement (ACR20)

"ACR20 Responder Index is a composite of clinical, laboratory, and functional measures in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). ACR20 Responder is a participant who has at least 20% improvement in both tender and swollen joint counts and in at least 3 of the following 5 criteria: Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity, Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using visual analog scale (VAS), Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI), pain due to arthritis, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Participants with missing responses and participants who discontinued study or drug or were rescued before analysis time point were deemed non-responders." (NCT01711359)
Timeframe: Week 52

InterventionPercent of participants (Number)
Methotrexate55.7
Baricitinib73.0
Baricitinib + MTX72.6

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Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) Score ≤3.3

SDAI is a tool for measurement of disease activity in RA that integrates TJC28, SJC28, acute phase response using C-reactive protein (milligrams per liter), Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using VAS centimeters (cm), and Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using VAS (cm). The SDAI is calculated by summing the values of the 5 components. Lower scores indicated less disease activity. An index-based definition of remission occurs with an SDAI score ≤3.3. (NCT01711359)
Timeframe: Week 24

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Methotrexate10.5
Baricitinib22.0
Baricitinib + MTX22.8

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Population Pharmacokinetics (PK): Peak Concentration at Steady State (Cmax,ss) of Baricitinib

(NCT01711359)
Timeframe: Week 0: 15 and 60 minutes postdose; Week 4: 2 to 4 hours post-dose; Week 8: 4 to 6 hours post-dose; Week 12; Week 24; Week 32; Pre-dose

Interventionnanomole/Liter (nmol/L) (Geometric Mean)
Baricitinib135

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Population PK: Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve at a Dosing Interval at Steady State (AUCtau,ss) of Baricitinib

(NCT01711359)
Timeframe: Week 0: 15 and 60 minutes postdose; Week 4: 2 to 4 hours post-dose; Week 8: 4 to 6 hours post-dose; Week 12; Week 24; Week 32; Pre-dose

Interventionnanomole/Liter (nmol/L) (Geometric Mean)
Baricitinib1280

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Change From Baseline in Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) Score

The CDAI is a tool for measurement of disease activity in RA that does not require a laboratory component and was scored by the investigative site. It integrates TJC28 (scored 0-28 with higher scores indicating higher disease activity), SJC28 (scored 0-28 with higher scores indicating higher disease activity), Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (scored on a visual analogue scale from 0-10 cm with higher scores indicating higher disease activity), and Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (scored on a visual analogue scale from 0-10 cm with higher scores indicating higher disease activity). The CDAI is calculated by summing the values of the 4 components. CDAI scores range from 0 to 76; lower scores indicated lower disease activity. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement in condition. (NCT01711359)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24; Baseline, Week 52

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Week 24Week 52
Baricitinib-28.20-28.94
Baricitinib + MTX-29.86-30.72
Methotrexate-22.12-21.95

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Change From Baseline in European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) Scores

European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) is a standardized measure of health status of the participant. One component consists of a descriptive system of the respondent's health comprised of the following 5 participant-reported dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems, and extreme problems. The responses are used to derive the health state index scores using the United Kingdom (UK) algorithm, with scores ranging from -0.594 to 1, and the United States (US) algorithm, with scores ranging from -0.109 to 1. A higher score indicates better health state. (NCT01711359)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24; Baseline Week 52

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Index Score (US Algorithm) Week 24Index Score (US Algorithm) Week 52Index Score (UK Algorithm) Week 24Index Score (UK Algorithm) Week 52
Baricitinib0.1970.1860.2850.271
Baricitinib + MTX0.1940.1850.2820.268
Methotrexate0.1420.1380.2050.197

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Change From Baseline in Duration of Morning Joint Stiffness

Participants reported the duration of their morning joint stiffness (MJS) in hours and minutes. The participants were asked about their duration of morning joint stiffness on the day prior to the study visit to capture actual symptoms, since the participant may have had an atypical morning routine on the day of the study visit. If morning joint stiffness duration was longer than 12 hours (720 minutes), it was truncated to 720 minutes for statistical presentations and analyses. A decrease in duration of morning joint stiffness indicated an improvement in the participant's condition. (NCT01711359)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52

InterventionMinutes (Median)
Methotrexate-40.0
Baricitinib-55.0
Baricitinib + MTX-60.0

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Change From Baseline in Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) Score

HAQ-DI assesses the participant's self-perception on the degree of difficulty [0 (without any difficulty), 1 (with some difficulty), 2 (with much difficulty), and 3 (unable to do)] when dressing and grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reaching, gripping, and performing other daily activities. Scores for each functional area are averaged to calculate the HAQ-DI score, which ranges from 0 (no disability) to 3 (worst disability). A decrease in HAQ-DI score indicates an improvement in the participant's condition. (NCT01711359)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Methotrexate-0.73
Baricitinib-1.01
Baricitinib + MTX-0.92

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Change From Baseline in the Disease Activity Score Based on a 28-Joint Count and High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein (DAS28-hsCRP)

Disease Activity Score (DAS) modified to include 28 joint count (DAS28) consisted of a composite score of the following variables: tender joint count (TJC28), swollen joint count (SJC28), C-reactive protein (CRP) (milligrams per liter), and Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity. DAS28 was calculated using the following formula: DAS28-CRP=0.56*square root (sqrt)(TJC28)+0.28*sqrt(SJC28)+0.36*natural log(CRP+1)+0.014*Patient's Global VAS+0.96. Scores ranged 1.0-9.4, where lower scores indicated less disease activity. (NCT01711359)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Methotrexate-2.01
Baricitinib-2.74
Baricitinib + MTX-2.82

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Objective Response Rate

"Objective response rate (ORR), according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST),version 1.1, was the primary end point and was defined as the number of complete plus partial responses divided by the number of enrolled patients.~Per RECIST v 1.1 for target lesions and assessed by MRI: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), >=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Overall Response (OR) = CR + PR." (NCT01718873)
Timeframe: Objective response was assessed by computed tomographic scan or other appropriate imaging at weeks 12 and 24 from randomization, and every 3 months thereafter, assessed up to 90 months.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Bevacizumab Before Chemotherapy65
Bevacizumab With Chemotherapy66

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Disease Control Rate

Disease control rate was calculated by adding complete and partial responses and stable disease. (NCT01718873)
Timeframe: At weeks 12 and 24 from randomization and every 3 months thereafter, assessed up to 90 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Bevacizumab Before Chemotherapy107
Bevacizumab With Chemotherapy103

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Toxic Effects

Toxic effects were scored according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 4.0. For the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 4.0 scale score range from 1 to 4. A high score, that is 3 and 4, represents a high level of toxicity, whereas the minimum values, that is 1 and 2, represents a mild/modest level of toxicity. (NCT01718873)
Timeframe: up to 4 weeks after the end of the treatment

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Bevacizumab Before Chemotherapy108
Bevacizumab With Chemotherapy113

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Progression-free Survival (PFS)

"Progression-free survival was defined as the time from randomization to the date of progression or death, whichever occurred first. Patients without progression were censored on the date of the last follow-up visit.~Progression is defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.1), as a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions." (NCT01718873)
Timeframe: assessed up to 90 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Bevacizumab Before Chemotherapy11.7
Bevacizumab With Chemotherapy10.5

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Overall Survival

Overall survival was defined as the time from randomization to the date of death. Patients alive at the time of the final analysis were censored on the date of the last follow-up information available. (NCT01718873)
Timeframe: assessed up to 90 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Bevacizumab Before Chemotherapy29.8
Bevacizumab With Chemotherapy24.1

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Postpartum Hemorrhage

"Defined as:~Estimated blood loss ≥1000 mL after cesarean delivery. A substantial fall in the haematocrit e.g. 10% The requirement for a blood transfusion" (NCT01733329)
Timeframe: 24 HOURS

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Misoprostol6.6
Folic Acid20

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Blood Loss

(NCT01733329)
Timeframe: 24 hours

InterventionmL (Median)
Misoprostol470
Folic Acid653.33

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Need for Additional Uterotonic Medications

The surgeon requested additional uterotonic agents on the basis of the clinical findings during surgery (e.g. uterine atony or blood loss of at least 1000 mL) Additional oxytocin was considered additional oxytocic intervention for purposes of data analysis. (NCT01733329)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Misoprostol10
Folic Acid40

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Uterine Atony

"Uterine atony is defined as failure of the uterus to contract adequately following delivery. Recognition of a soft, boggy uterus in the setting of excessive postpartum bleeding can alert the attendant to atony and should trigger a series of interventions aimed at achieving tonic sustained uterine contraction." (NCT01733329)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Misoprostol8.3
Folic Acid25

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Proportion of Participants Who Underwent Liver Metastases Resections

Reported here is the proportion of participants who underwent liver metastases resections calculated as follows: number of participants who underwent liver metastases resections divided by total number of participants in each arm. (NCT01765582)
Timeframe: Randomization up to approximately 3 years

InterventionProportion of participants (Number)
Arm A: Concurrent FOLFOXIRI + Bevacizumab0.17
Arm B: Sequential FOLFOXIRI + Bevacizumab0.10
Arm C: FOLFOX + Bevacizumab0.08
Arms A + B: Pooled FOLFOXIRI + Bevacizumab0.14

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Proportion of Participants Considered by the Investigator to be Unresectable on Study Enrollment Who Subsequently Underwent Attempted Curative Resections of Metastases

The proportion of participants considered by the investigator to be unresectable at study enrollment who subsequently underwent attempted curative resections of metastases was calculated as follows: number of participants considered by the investigator to be unresectable at study enrollment who subsequently underwent attempted curative resections of metastases divided by total number of participants in each arm. This outcome represents a measure of the rate of conversion from unresectable to resectable disease. (NCT01765582)
Timeframe: Randomization up to approximately 3 years

InterventionProportion of participants (Number)
Arm A: Concurrent FOLFOXIRI + Bevacizumab0.24
Arm B: Sequential FOLFOXIRI + Bevacizumab0.17
Arm C: FOLFOX + Bevacizumab0.14
Arms A + B: Pooled FOLFOXIRI + Bevacizumab0.21

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Progression-Free Survival During First-Line Therapy (PFS1)

PFS1 was defined as time from randomization to the first occurrence of disease progression during first-line therapy, as assessed by the Investigator using RECIST v1.1, or death from any cause, whichever occurs first. Disease progression was defined as sum of longest diameters increased by at least 20% from the smallest value on study. The sum of longest diameters must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm. (NCT01765582)
Timeframe: Randomization up to disease progression during first-line therapy or death, whichever occurs first (up to approximately 3 years)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Arm A: Concurrent FOLFOXIRI + Bevacizumab11.86
Arm B: Sequential FOLFOXIRI + Bevacizumab11.37
Arm C: FOLFOX + Bevacizumab9.46
Arms A + B: Pooled FOLFOXIRI + Bevacizumab11.70

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Percentage of Participants With Overall Response During First-Line Therapy (ORR1)

ORR1 was the percentage of participants with complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) during first-line therapy as assessed by investigator according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version 1.1 (RECIST v.1.1). CR was defined as disappearance of all extranodal target lesions and all pathological lymph nodes had to have decreased to <10 millimeter (mm) in short axis. PR was defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of longest diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. ORR1 = CR + PR (NCT01765582)
Timeframe: Randomization up to disease progression during first-line therapy or death, whichever occurs first (up to approximately 3 years)

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Arm A: Concurrent FOLFOXIRI + Bevacizumab72.0
Arm B: Sequential FOLFOXIRI + Bevacizumab72.8
Arm C: FOLFOX + Bevacizumab62.1
Arms A + B: Pooled FOLFOXIRI + Bevacizumab72.4

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Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events

An adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence in a subject administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with the treatment. An adverse event can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding, for example), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a pharmaceutical product, whether or not considered related to the pharmaceutical product. Preexisting conditions which worsen during a study are also considered as adverse events. (NCT01765582)
Timeframe: Randomization up to approximately 3 years

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Arm A: Concurrent FOLFOXIRI + Bevacizumab100
Arm B: Sequential FOLFOXIRI + Bevacizumab98.9
Arm C: FOLFOX + Bevacizumab100
Arms A + B: Pooled FOLFOXIRI + Bevacizumab99.4

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Overall Survival (OS)

OS was defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of death from any cause. (NCT01765582)
Timeframe: Randomization until death due to any cause (up to approximately 3 years)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Arm A: Concurrent FOLFOXIRI + Bevacizumab33.97
Arm B: Sequential FOLFOXIRI + Bevacizumab28.32
Arm C: FOLFOX + Bevacizumab30.65
Arms A + B: Pooled FOLFOXIRI + Bevacizumab28.32

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Time to PFS2

Time to PFS2 was defined as time from randomization to the first occurrence of disease progression after reinduction of second-line therapy, as assessed by the Investigator using RECIST v1.1, or death from any cause, whichever occurs first. Disease progression was defined as sum of longest diameters increased by at least 20% from the smallest value on study. The sum of longest diameters must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5mm. (NCT01765582)
Timeframe: Randomization up to disease progression during second-line therapy or death, whichever occurs first (up to approximately 3 years)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Arm A: Concurrent FOLFOXIRI + Bevacizumab18.76
Arm B: Sequential FOLFOXIRI + Bevacizumab13.17
Arm C: FOLFOX + Bevacizumab14.75
Arms A + B: Pooled FOLFOXIRI + Bevacizumab15.08

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Changes of Homocysteine Level

Mean difference of changes of homocysteine level between 2 treatment groups (NCT01766310)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionµmol/L (Mean)
Placebo-0.68
Folic Acid-1.35

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Prevalence of Hyperhomocysteinemia

prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia in Thai obese children (NCT01766310)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Placebo3
Folic Acid2

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Complications

Incidence of surgical complications related to D&E (NCT01818414)
Timeframe: Day 1

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Misoprostol0
Folic Acid2

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Number of Participants With Postoperative Satisfaction

Patient postoperative satisfaction with cervical preparation method (NCT01818414)
Timeframe: Day 1

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Misoprostol10
Folic Acid14

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Number of Providers With Overall Satisfaction

Provider overall satisfaction with cervical preparation (NCT01818414)
Timeframe: Day 1

Interventionproviders (Number)
Misoprostol10
Folic Acid9

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Operative Time

The primary outcome will be operative time. Operative time will be measured from initial passage of an instrument into the uterus to start the D&E. The end of operative time will be measured by the removal of the last instrument from the uterus to complete the D&E. (NCT01818414)
Timeframe: Day 1 of the study

Interventionminutes (Mean)
Misoprostol11.1
Folic Acid13.5

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Patient Pain

"Change in pain from baseline to immediately preoperatively using a 100-mm Visual Analogue Scale (100-mm Visual Analogue Scale with 0 indicating no pain and 100 indicating worst pain in my life)" (NCT01818414)
Timeframe: Day 1

Interventionmm (Mean)
Misoprostol43.9
Folic Acid24.3

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Fertilization Rate Per Cycle, %

Among participants in the IVF stratum Oocytes will be assessed 16-18 hours after insemination or microinjection to determine whether fertilization occurred. Fertilization will be considered normal if two pronuclei and two polar bodies are identified. Oocytes without visible pronuclei will be considered unfertilized. Oocytes with more than two pronuclei will be considered abnormally fertilized, and will thus be discarded. (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Up to 9 months of fertility treatment post-randomization

Interventionpercent per cycle (Mean)
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation75.3
Placebo77.7

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Ectopic Pregnancy

Either visualization of no gestational sac in the uterus with a suspicious mass in the adnexa on ultrasound, an hCG level more than 1500 mIU/ml without visualization of an intrauterine gestational sac on ultrasound, or a slowly rising or plateauing serum hCG level without visualization of an intrauterine gestation on ultrasound. (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: approximately 6.5 weeks gestation

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation6
Placebo5

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Early Pregnancy Loss

hCG pregnancy loss will be defined as a serum hCG > 5 mIU/ml followed by a decline. Clinically recognized pregnancy losses will be defined as visualization of an intrauterine gestational sac followed by a loss prior to 20 weeks gestation. (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: hcG-detected pregnancy until 20 weeks of pregnancy

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation137
Placebo150

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Clinical Intrauterine Pregnancy

Visualized gestational sac in the uterus on ultrasound (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: approximately 6.5 weeks gestation

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation449
Placebo462

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Cesarean Delivery

Abstracted from hospital records and medical charts (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Delivery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation143
Placebo129

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Cells on Day 3 Per Embryo Per Cycle

Among participants in the IVF stratum (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Up to 9 months of fertility treatment post-randomization

Interventioncells per embryo (Mean)
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation5.60
Placebo5.98

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Birth Weight

Abstracted from hospital records and medical charts (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Delivery

Interventiongrams (Mean)
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation3062
Placebo3133

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Embryo Morphology on Day 5 Per Cycle, Categorical

Among participants in the IVF stratum For couples who meet criteria for blastocyst culture, embryos will be graded 5 days after fertilization based on Society for Assisted Reproductive Technologies (SART) morphology criteria. (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Up to 9 months of fertility treatment post-randomization

,
Interventionpredicted probability (Number)
Excellent or goodFair or poor
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation0.280.72
Placebo0.350.65

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Percentage of Good Quality Embryos on Day 5 Per Cycle

Among participants in the IVF stratum For couples who meet criteria for blastocyst culture, embryos will be graded 5 days after fertilization based on Society for Assisted Reproductive Technologies (SART) morphology criteria. (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Up to 9 months of fertility treatment post-randomization

Interventionpercent per cycle (Mean)
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation17.2
Placebo18.5

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Number of Good Quality Embryos on Day 5 Per Cycle

Among participants in the IVF stratum For couples who meet criteria for blastocyst culture, embryos will be graded 5 days after fertilization based on Society for Assisted Reproductive Technologies (SART) morphology criteria. (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Up to 9 months of fertility treatment post-randomization

Interventionembryos per cycle (Mean)
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation2.66
Placebo2.98

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Number of Embryos Transferred Per Cycle

Among participants in the IVF stratum (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Up to 9 months of fertility treatment post-randomization

Interventionembryos per cycle (Mean)
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation1.50
Placebo1.51

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Number of Embryos Cryopreserved Per Cycle

Among participants in the IVF stratum (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Up to 9 months of fertility treatment post-randomization

Interventionembryos per cycle (Mean)
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation4.22
Placebo4.32

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Gestational Diabetes

Abstracted from hospital records and medical charts (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Delivery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation26
Placebo34

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Major Neonatal Complications

Abstracted from hospital records and medical charts: includes bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, and retinopathy of prematurity (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Delivery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation2
Placebo1

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Preeclampsia or Gestational Hypertension

Abstracted from hospital records and medical charts (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Delivery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation47
Placebo51

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Cells on Day 5 Per Embryo Per Cycle, Categorical

Among participants in the IVF stratum (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Up to 9 months of fertility treatment post-randomization

,
Interventionpredicted probability (Number)
Fewer than 8 cells8 cells or greater
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation0.200.80
Placebo0.190.81

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Chromosomal Complement of Embryo Per Cycle

"Among participants in the IVF stratum Chromosomal complement in the embryo assessed using methodology cited by Rubio et al.~Rubio C, Rodrigo L, Mir P et al. Use of array comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) for embryo assessment: clinical results. Fertil Steril 2013 March 15;99(4):1044-8." (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Up to 9 months of fertility treatment post-randomization

,
Interventionpredicted probability (Number)
AbnormalNormal
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation0.750.25
Placebo0.320.68

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DNA Fragmentation Index

Comet assay used to measure sperm DNA integrity based on excess DNA strand breaks Assessed utilizing the World Health Organization (WHO) semen analysis procedure 5th edition World Health Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the Examination and processing of human semen. 5th Edition ed. Switzerland: 2010. (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: 6 months

,
Intervention% breakage (Mean)
OverallIVF stratumOther treatment onsiteOther treatment offsite
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation29.727.130.030.7
Placebo27.226.827.028.5

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Embryo Morphology on Day 3 Per Cycle, Categorical

"Among participants in the IVF stratum Embryos will be scored three days after fertilization according to the size and shape of blastomeres and to their degree of fragmentation.~Veeck LL. Oocyte assessment and biological performance. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1988;541:259-74.:259-74." (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Up to 9 months of fertility treatment post-randomization

,
Interventionpredicted probability (Number)
Excellent or goodFair or poor
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation0.660.34
Placebo0.680.32

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Live Birth

Based on hospital delivery records (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: At delivery

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
OverallIVF stratumOther treatment onsiteOther treatment offsite
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation4049726443
Placebo4169127748

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Method of Fertilization Per Cycle

Among participants in the in vitro fertilization (IVF) stratum: method of fertilization classified into intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and other (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Up to 9 months of fertility treatment post-randomization

,
Interventionpredicted probability (Number)
ICSIOther
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation0.740.26
Placebo0.790.21

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Quality of Embryos Transferred Per Cycle, Categorical

Among participants in the IVF stratum Embryonic grading based on Society for Assisted Reproductive Technologies (SART) morphology criteria (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Up to 9 months of fertility treatment post-randomization

,
Interventionpredicted probability (Number)
Excellent or goodFair or poor
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation0.750.25
Placebo0.730.27

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Gestational Age

Abstracted from hospital records and medical charts (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Delivery

Interventionweeks (Mean)
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation38.6
Placebo38.8

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Neonatal Mortality

Abstracted from hospital records and medical charts (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Delivery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation3
Placebo2

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Sperm Concentration

Number of spermatozoa per unit of volume of semen Assessed utilizing the World Health Organization (WHO) semen analysis procedure 5th edition World Health Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the Examination and processing of human semen. 5th Edition ed. Switzerland: 2010. (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: 6 months

,
Intervention10^6 spermatozoa/mL (Mean)
OverallIVF stratumOther treatment onsiteOther treatment offsite
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation84.881.885.087.2
Placebo89.076.192.287.7

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Sperm Morphology

% normal morphology Assessed utilizing the World Health Organization (WHO) semen analysis procedure 5th edition World Health Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the Examination and processing of human semen. 5th Edition ed. Switzerland: 2010. (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: 6 months

,
Intervention% normal (Mean)
OverallIVF stratumOther treatment onsiteOther treatment offsite
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation5.75.25.66.7
Placebo6.05.46.25.6

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Sperm Motility

% motile (including percentage of progressive motile sperm and percentage of nonprogressive motile sperm) Assessed utilizing the World Health Organization (WHO) semen analysis procedure 5th edition World Health Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the Examination and processing of human semen. 5th Edition ed. Switzerland: 2010. (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: 6 months

,
Intervention% motile (Mean)
OverallIVF stratumOther treatment onsiteOther treatment offsite
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation52.751.752.555.0
Placebo53.251.753.951.5

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Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Detected Pregnancy (Implantation)

A quantitative hCG evaluation in serum > 5 milli-international units per milliliter (mIU/ml) (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: For IVF, 12 days post embryo transfer for day 5 embryo transfers, and 14 days post embryo transfer for day 3 embryo transfers; for couples undergoing OI/IUI, after self-report of positive pregnancy test

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation479
Placebo490

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Total Motile Sperm Count

Calculated as semen volume (mL) * sperm concentration (10^6 spermatozoa/mL) * motility (% motile) (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: 6 months

,
Interventionmillion motile sperm (Mean)
OverallIVF stratumOther treatment onsiteOther treatment offsite
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation183165186192
Placebo182152188184

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Cells on Day 3 Per Embryo Per Cycle, Categorical

Number of cells per embryo among women in the IVF stratum (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Up to 9 months of fertility treatment post-randomization

,
Interventionpredicted probability (Number)
Fewer than 4 cells4 cells or greater
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation0.270.73
Placebo0.220.78

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Structural Malformations

Abstracted from birth record: includes major (n = 21; 6 with known genetic cause), minor (n = 6), and unclassified (n = 2) defects Structural birth defects: includes hydronephrosis/ureteropelvic junction obstruction, transposition of the great arteries, renal agenesis, cleft lip, club feet, multicystic/dysplastic kidney, tetralogy of fallot, gastroschisis, atrioventricular septal defects, other oral-facial defects, other cardiovascular defects, other CNS defects, other eye defects, other oral-facial defects, other anomalies, other syndromes (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Delivery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation15
Placebo14

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Stillbirth

Loss at or after 20 weeks gestation. Determined based on hospital records and medical chart abstraction. (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Delivery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation1
Placebo4

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Sperm Penetration Per Cycle, %

Among participants in the IVF stratum (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Up to 9 months of fertility treatment post-randomization

Interventionpercent penetration (Mean)
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation62.7
Placebo74.8

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Small for Gestational Age

Abstracted from hospital records and medical charts (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Delivery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation62
Placebo59

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Severe Maternal Morbidity

Abstracted from delivery record: including postpartum hemorrhage, anemia requiring transfusion, sepsis, seizure, HELLP syndrome or preeclampsia with pulmonary edema (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Delivery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation15
Placebo10

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Preterm Delivery

Abstracted from hospital records and medical charts (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: Delivery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation67
Placebo45

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Semen Volume

Volume of the ejaculate, mL Assessed utilizing the World Health Organization (WHO) semen analysis procedure 5th edition World Health Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the Examination and processing of human semen. 5th Edition ed. Switzerland: 2010. (NCT01857310)
Timeframe: 6 months

,
InterventionmL (Mean)
OverallIVF stratumOther treatment onsiteOther treatment offsite
Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation3.53.53.53.5
Placebo3.53.53.53.4

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Overall Survival (OS)

Median Overall Survival defined as the the duration of time from diagnosis to the time of death from any cause will be determined. (NCT01897454)
Timeframe: Up to 60 months

InterventionMonths (Median)
Treatment (FOLFIRINOX, IMRT, and Gemcitabine Hydrochloride)35.1

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Percentage of Participants Achieving R0 Resection (R0 Resection Rate)

The percentage of participants achieving R0 resection, defined as the absence of gross and microscopic tumor involvement in the resection margins, will be determined for those participants who receive at least one cycle of FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy. A 90% confidence interval will be determined. (NCT01897454)
Timeframe: Up to 30 months

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Treatment (FOLFIRINOX, IMRT, and Gemcitabine Hydrochloride)55.6

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Progression Free Survival (PFS)

Progression-free Survival defined as the duration of time from start of treatment to time of disease progression will be analyzed. Median progression free survival will be presented. (NCT01897454)
Timeframe: From start of treatment to time of progression, assessed up to 60 months

InterventionMonths (Median)
Treatment (FOLFIRINOX, IMRT, and Gemcitabine Hydrochloride)34

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Toxicities Associated With Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy

The number of patients who experienced treatment related adverse events will be determined for all patients who received at least one cycle of FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy. These events will be graded according to National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0. (NCT01897454)
Timeframe: Up to 30 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (FOLFIRINOX, IMRT, and Gemcitabine Hydrochloride)22

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Vascular Reconstruction

The percentage of patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy requiring vascular reconstruction will be evaluated. (NCT01897454)
Timeframe: Up to 30 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (FOLFIRINOX, IMRT, and Gemcitabine Hydrochloride)5

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Percentage of Patients Able to Undergo Resection

The percentage of participants with resectable or borderline resectable disease to undergo resection will be determined. The ability for patients to complete preoperative therapy and undergo resection is correlated with more favorable overall survival outcomes. (NCT01897454)
Timeframe: Up to 30 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (FOLFIRINOX, IMRT, and Gemcitabine Hydrochloride)15

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Overall Response Rate

Overall Response Rate, defined as the percentage of patients that achieved Partial Response (PR) or Complete Response (CR) as per the Response evaluation in solid tumors criteria, was assessed using RECIST Version 1.1 criteria. Complete Response (CR) is defined as the disappearance of all target lesions. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to <10 mm. Partial Response (PR) is defined as having at least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. Higher percentages of PR and CR are associated with more favorable outcomes (NCT01897454)
Timeframe: Up to 30 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (FOLFIRINOX, IMRT, and Gemcitabine Hydrochloride)4

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Percentage of Participants With at Least 2-step Reduction in Vitreous Haze (VH) or Prednisone Dose <10 mg/Day at Week 16

At least 2-step reduction in VH per central review from baseline was evaluated on Miami 9-step scale. VH is the obscuration of fundus by vitreous cells and protein exudation. Each of the 9-step scale (from grade 0 [low opacity] to 8 [more opacity]) images (in increasing order of opacity) are equivalent to approximately 0.3 log units of degradation in visual acuity based on the Bangerter calibration. Participants with prednisone dose <10 mg/day (or equivalent oral corticosteroid) were also evaluated. (NCT01900431)
Timeframe: Week 16

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo (Part A)30.0
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w (Part A)46.1

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Percentage of Participants With Anterior Chamber (AC) Cell Score = 0 or At Least 2-step Reduction in Score at Week 16

Participants with AC cell score = 0 or with ≥2 step reduction from baseline at Week 16 were evaluated. Slit lamp examinations were conducted at each visit to assess AC cell count. The number of AC cells observed within a 1 mm × 1 mm slit beam was used to determine the grade according to the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) criteria: grade 0 = no cells; grade +0.5 = 1 - 5 cells; grade +1 = 6 - 25 cells; grade +2= 26 - 50 cells; grade +3 = too many to count. (NCT01900431)
Timeframe: Week 16

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo (Part A)86.7
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w (Part A)86.2

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Change From Baseline in VH Scale at Week 16

Change from baseline in VH scale was evaluated on Miami 9-step scale. VH is the obscuration of fundus by vitreous cells and protein exudation. Each of the 9-step scale (from grade 0 [low opacity] to 8 [more opacity]) images (in increasing order of opacity) were equivalent to approximately 0.3 log units of degradation in visual acuity based on the Bangerter calibration. Least squares (LS) mean was calculated using mixed model for repeated measurements (MMRM) model with treatment groups, visits and visit-by-treatment groups interaction as fixed categorical effects as well as fixed continuous covariate of baseline adjudicated VH. (NCT01900431)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (Part A)-0.1
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w (Part A)-0.9

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Change From Baseline in Central Retinal Thickness (CRT) At Week 16

CRT was measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), a non-invasive diagnostic system providing high-resolution imaging sections of the retina. All images were transmitted to the central reading center. SD-OCT was performed in the study eye after pupil dilation. LS mean was calculated using MMRM model with treatment groups, randomization strata of VH level (<4, >=4), visits and visit-by-treatment groups interaction as fixed categorical effects, as well as, fixed continuous covariate of baseline CRT. (NCT01900431)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16

Interventionµm (microns) (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (Part A)-8.9
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w (Part A)-35.4

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Percentage of Participants With Prednisone Dose of ≤5 mg/Day (or Equivalent Oral Corticosteroid) at Week 16

Participants with prednisone dose ≤5 mg/day (or equivalent oral corticosteroid) at Week 16 were evaluated. (NCT01900431)
Timeframe: Week 16

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo (Part A)40.0
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w (Part A)41.4

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Change From Baseline in Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) Score at Week 16

BCVA score is based on the number of letters read correctly on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) visual acuity chart assessed at a starting distance of 4 meters, and then at 1 meter. The range of ETDRS is 0 to 100 letters. The lower the number of letters read correctly on the eye chart, the worse the vision (or visual acuity). An increase in the number of letters read correctly means that vision has improved. LS mean was calculated using MMRM model with treatment groups, randomization strata of VH level (<4, >=4), visits and visit-by-treatment groups interaction as fixed categorical effects, as well as, fixed continuous covariate of baseline BCVA. (NCT01900431)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (Part A)3.5
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w (Part A)9.3

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Pharmacokinetics (PK) Assessment: Serum Functional Sarilumab Concentration

Serum functional (unbound) sarilumab concentrations were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 294 ng/mL. Concentrations below LLOQ were set to zero for samples at predose. Post-treatment concentrations below LLOQ were replaced by LLOQ/2. The samples were considered non-eligible for the analysis if the previous dosing time was <11 days or >17 days before the sampling time for every other week regimens. (NCT01900431)
Timeframe: Predose on Day 1 (Baseline), Week 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 52, and end of study (EOS) (Week 56)

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
At BaselineAt Week 2At Week 4At Week 8At Week 12At Week 16At Week 24At Week 36At Week 52EOS (Week 56)
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w (Part A + Part B)0.07383.39876.615958.919705.219598.422406.824375.425046.01730.0

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Percent Change From Baseline in CRT at Week 16

CRT was measured by SD-OCT, a non-invasive diagnostic system providing high-resolution imaging sections of the retina. All images were transmitted to the central reading center. SD-OCT was performed in the study eye after pupil dilation. LS mean was calculated using MMRM model with treatment groups, randomization strata of VH level (<4, >=4), visits and visit-by-treatment groups interaction as fixed categorical effects, as well as, fixed continuous covariate of baseline CRT. (NCT01900431)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16

Interventionpercent change (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (Part A)0.0
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w (Part A)-6.4

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Absolute Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Monocyte Levels

Three categories of monocyte levels are presented: classical (CD14+CD16-), intermediate (CD14+CD16+), and non-classical (CD14dimCD16+). Absolute change from baseline (Week 24 - baseline) was analyzed on the measured scale, which is the percent of parent cells that express the subset of interest. (NCT01949116)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24

,
InterventionPercent of Expression in Parent Cell (Mean)
Classical (CD14+CD16-)Intermediate (CD14+CD16+)Non-classical (CD14dimCD16+)
Low-dose Methotrexate (LDMTX)-0.15-0.070.21
Placebo0.82-0.51-0.29

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Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Reactive Hyperemic (RH) Flow Rate

The absolute change in RH flow rate in cc/min of the brachial artery at week 24 from baseline. (NCT01949116)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24

Interventioncc/min (Median)
Low-dose Methotrexate (LDMTX)-11.40
Placebo13.76

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Number of Participants Who Reached at Least One Safety Milestone Over the Duration of Study Follow-up (36 Weeks)

"Number of participants who experienced any one of the following safety milestones:~Entry CD4+ T-cell count less than 700 cells/mm^3, confirmed CD4+ decline greater than 33% of baseline AND to less than 350 cells/mm^3~Entry CD4+ T-cell count greater than or equal to 700 cells/mm^3, a confirmed CD4+ decline greater than 50% of baseline~Confirmed HIV-1 RNA Level Greater Than 200 Copies/mL in the Absence of an Interruption in ART~New or recurrent CDC category C AIDS-indicator condition~Evidence of HIV-associated infection including CMV end-organ disease, varicella zoster, EBV related clinical disease~Requirement for LDMTX discontinuation for confirmed Grade 3 or higher toxicity~Lymphoproliferative malignancies~Pulmonary toxicity which is defined as Grade 3 or 4 dyspnea, cough, shortness of breath which in the opinion of the local investigator is related to the study drug but not related to other clinical causes such as asthma, influenza, etc." (NCT01949116)
Timeframe: From study entry to week 36

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Low-dose Methotrexate (LDMTX)11
Placebo5

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Change From Baseline to Week 12 in Brachial Artery FMD

The absolute change from baseline to week 24 FMD (%), defined as the maximum FMD calculated from reactive hyperemia (RH) 60 and RH 90 relative to resting artery diameter. (NCT01949116)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 12

InterventionPercent Dilation (Median)
Low-dose Methotrexate (LDMTX)0.32
Placebo-0.06

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Change From Baseline to Week 12 in Brachial Artery Resting Average Diameter

The change in resting average diameter in millimeters of the brachial artery at week 12 from baseline. (NCT01949116)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 12

Interventionmm (Median)
Low-dose Methotrexate (LDMTX)0.04
Placebo0.03

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Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Brachial Artery Resting Average Diameter

The absolute change in resting average diameter in millimeters of the brachial artery at week 24 from baseline. (NCT01949116)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24

Interventionmm (Median)
Low-dose Methotrexate (LDMTX)0
Placebo0.01

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Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Peak Reactive Hyperemic (RH) Flow Velocity

The absolute change in peak RH flow velocity in cm/s of the brachial artery at week 24 from baseline. (NCT01949116)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24

Interventioncm/s (Median)
Low-dose Methotrexate (LDMTX)-0.20
Placebo-0.83

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Absolute Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Homing Molecule (CX3CR1+) Expression

CX3CR1+ is a cellular marker of immune activation. The outcome measured is the percentages of CX3CR1+ expressions in both parent CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Absolute change from baseline (Week 24 - baseline) was analyzed on the measured scale, which is the percent of parent cells (either CD4+ or CD8+) that express CX3CR1+ cells. (NCT01949116)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24

,
InterventionPercent of Expression in Parent Cell (Mean)
(CD3+CD4+) CX3CR1+(CD3+CD8+) CX3CR1+
Low-dose Methotrexate (LDMTX)-0.30-0.83
Placebo0.030.39

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Absolute Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Adhesion and Activation Indices

The adhesion and activation indices of interest are the percentages of CD38+HLADR+ expressions in both parent CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Absolute change from baseline (Week 24 - baseline) was analyzed on the measured scale, which is the percent of parent cells (either CD4+ or CD8+) that express CD38+HLADR+ cells. (NCT01949116)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24

,
InterventionPercent of Expression in Parent Cell (Mean)
(CD3+CD4+) CD38+HLADR+(CD3+CD8+) CD38+HLADR+
Low-dose Methotrexate (LDMTX)-0.27-1.50
Placebo0.220.90

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Primary Efficacy Endpoint of Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Brachial Artery Flow-mediated Vasodilation (FMD)

Flow-mediated vasodilation is defined as the maximum FMD (%) calculated from reactive hyperemia (RH) 60 and RH 90 relative to resting artery diameter. Absolute change of FMD at week 24 is calculated from baseline FMD. (NCT01949116)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24

InterventionPercent Dilation (Mean)
Low-dose Methotrexate (LDMTX)0.24
Placebo0.15

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Percentage Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Soluble CD 163 (sCD163)

sCD163 is a marker of Macrophage activation. Change from baseline (Week 24 - baseline) was performed on the log10 scale and is thus presented as percentage change, i.e. (10^[fold-change] - 1) x 100%. (NCT01949116)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24

InterventionPercentage Change (Mean)
Low-dose Methotrexate (LDMTX)2.7
Placebo7.5

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Percentage Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Interleukin-6 (IL-6)

IL-6 is a marker of systemic inflammation. Change from baseline (Week 24 - baseline) was performed on the log10 scale and is thus presented as percentage change, i.e. (10^[fold-change] - 1) x 100%. (NCT01949116)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24

InterventionPercentage Change (Mean)
Low-dose Methotrexate (LDMTX)13.4
Placebo21.3

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Percentage Change From Baseline to Week 24 in High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hsCRP)

hsCRP is a marker of inflammation. Change from baseline (Week 24 - baseline) was performed on the log10 scale and is thus presented as percentage change, i.e. (10^[fold-change] - 1) x 100%. One single hsCRP result at week 24 was above the limit of quantification, therefore excluded from analysis. (NCT01949116)
Timeframe: From Baseline to week 24

InterventionPercentage Change (Mean)
Low-dose Methotrexate (LDMTX)-3.5
Placebo5.4

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Percentage Change From Baseline to Week 24 in D-Dimer

D-dimer (or D dimer) is a marker of coagulation activation. Change from baseline (Week 24 - baseline) was performed on the log10 scale and is thus presented as percentage change, i.e. (10^[fold-change] - 1) x 100%. (NCT01949116)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24

InterventionPercentage Change (Mean)
Low-dose Methotrexate (LDMTX)-1.5
Placebo9.9

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Distant Failure-free Survival

Analyzed using Kaplan-Meier plots, medians and ranges. (NCT01959672)
Timeframe: Date of administration study drug to the date of first appearance of tumor lesions by imaging, or death, assessed up to 5 years

Interventionmonths (Median)
Treatment (Chemotherapy, Oregovomab, SBRT, Surgery)11

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Number of Participants With CA-125-Specific T-cell Signal.

The percentage of patients responding will be summarized using frequencies and percentages. (NCT01959672)
Timeframe: Baseline to up to week 12

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Chemotherapy, Oregovomab, SBRT, Surgery)2

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Surgical Complete Resection (Negative Margin) Rate

The percentage of patients who will undergo R0 resection (NCT01959672)
Timeframe: Up to week 18

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Chemotherapy, Oregovomab, SBRT, Surgery)4

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Overall Survival

Analyzed using Kaplan-Meier plots, medians and ranges. (NCT01959672)
Timeframe: Date of first of study drug to the date of death, assessed up to 5 years

Interventionmonths (Median)
Treatment (Chemotherapy, Oregovomab, SBRT, Surgery)14.4

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Number of Participants With Progressive Disease,

Rate of progressive disease defined as at least a 25% increase in the longest diameter of a lesion, taking as reference the longest diameter recorded since the treatment started. An exact one-sided 90% confidence interval will be constructed round the progressive disease rate. (NCT01959672)
Timeframe: Up to 4 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Chemotherapy, Oregovomab, SBRT, Surgery)2

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Objective Response Rate

Confirmed response (CR) is two or more objective statuses of CR a minimum of four weeks apart documented before progression or symptomatic deterioration. Partial response (PR) is two or more objective statuses of PR or better a minimum of four weeks apart documented before progression or symptomatic deterioration. Unconfirmed CR is one objective status of CR documented before progression or symptomatic deterioration but not qualifying as CR or PR. Unconfirmed PR is one objective status of PR documented before progression or symptomatic deterioration but not qualifying as CR, PR or unconfirmed CR. (NCT02042443)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years from registration

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Partial ResponseUnconfirmed Partial ResponseStable/No ResponseIncreasing DiseaseSymptomatic Deterioration
Chemotherapy20981
Trametinib022191

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Progression-free Survival

From date of registration to date of first documentation of progression or symptomatic deterioration, or death due to any cause. Patients last known to be alive and progression free are censored at date of last contact. (NCT02042443)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years from registration

Interventionmonths (Median)
Trametinib1.3
Chemotherapy2.8

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Overall Survival

From date of registration to date of death due to any cause. Patients last known to be alive are censored at date of last contact. (NCT02042443)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years from registration

Interventionmonths (Median)
Trametinib4.3
Chemotherapy7.9

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Objective Response Rate (ORR) of BEVZ92 and Avastin®

"To compare efficacy in terms of ORR between arms. Clinical and radiological tumor assessments were performed according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.~Objective response (OR) is defined as a best overall response of partial response (PR) or complete response (CR) as defined by RECIST v1.1. All participants who did not meet the criteria for CR or PR by the end of the study were considered non-responders." (NCT02069704)
Timeframe: Every four weeks. Up to 48 weeks

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
ORR (CR+PR)Stable diseaseProgressive diseaseunevaluable
Avastin® (Bevacizumab, Ref. Product)402524
Bevacizumab Biosimilar (BEVZ92)352745

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Anti-Drug Antibody (ADA) of BEVZ92 and Avastin®

Immunogenicity profile by means of measurement of ADA developed de novo (seroconversion) after cycle 5, cycle 8, and 12 months after first drug administration (pre-dose). (NCT02069704)
Timeframe: At baseline, and on Day 1 (pre-dose) of Cycles: 1, 5 and 8, and 12 months after first drug administration

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
SeroconversionNo seroconversion
Avastin® (Bevacizumab, Ref. Product)071
Bevacizumab Biosimilar (BEVZ92)267

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Volume of Distribution (Vd) of BEVZ92 and Avastin®

Secondary PK endpoints included the Vd calculated at Cycle 7 (NCT02069704)
Timeframe: Vd: 0 to 336 hours after the administration of the Cycle 7 infusion.

InterventionL (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Bevacizumab Biosimilar (BEVZ92)4.06
Avastin® (Bevacizumab, Ref. Product).3.86

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Progression-free Survival (PFS) of BEVZ92 and Avastin®

"Compare PFS between the randomized treatment arms. Progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as the time from the randomization date to the date of disease progression using RECIST v1.1, or death. Progression is defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.1), as a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions plus 5 mm absolute increase, and/or unequivocal progression of known non-target lesion, and/or the appearance of new lesions." (NCT02069704)
Timeframe: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed up to 48 weeks.

Interventionmonths (Median)
Bevacizumab Biosimilar (BEVZ92)10.8
Avastin® (Bevacizumab, Ref. Product)11.1

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Elimination Half-life (t1/2) of BEVZ92 and Avastin®

Secondary PK endpoints included the t1/2 calculated at Cycle 7 (NCT02069704)
Timeframe: t1/2: 0 to 336 hours after the administration of the Cycle 7 infusion.

Interventionh (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Bevacizumab Biosimilar (BEVZ92)294
Avastin® (Bevacizumab, Ref. Product).289

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Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) Reported With BEVZ92 and Avastin®

Compare the safety profile by means of the frequency and severity of TEAEs and SAEs reported in each treatment arm. (NCT02069704)
Timeframe: From first study dose and up to 30 days after the end of study treatment for each patient, for an average of 11 months

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Any TEAE (any causality)Any grade>=3 TEAEAny TEAE leading to discontinuationAny treatment-related TEAEAny grade >=3 treatment-related TEAEAny serious TEAEAny bleeding event
Avastin® (Bevacizumab, Ref. Product)7149670702119
Bevacizumab Biosimilar (BEVZ92)66441363631914

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Area Under the Concentration-versus-time Curve (AUC) at Cycle 1 (AUC0-336h) of BEVZ92 and Avastin®

"To compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of BEVZ92 and Avastin®, both administered in combination with FOLFOX (any) or FOLFIRI, by means of comparing the truncated AUC calculated from start of the first infusion until start of the second infusion (i.e. at Cycle 1; AUC0-336h)~For the PK similarity assessments, regulatory guidelines on bioequivalence were followed whereby two treatments are judged not to be different from one another if the 90% confidence interval (CI) of the ratio of a log-transformed exposure measure (AUC) falls completely within the range 80-125%." (NCT02069704)
Timeframe: AUC0-336 hrs: 0 to 336 hours after start of the first infusion

Interventionng.h/mL (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Bevacizumab Biosimilar (BEVZ92)16500000
Avastin® (Bevacizumab, Ref. Product).16600000

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Cmax,sd of BEVZ92 and Avastin®

Secondary PK endpoints included the Cmax calculated at Cycle 1 (Cmax,sd ) (NCT02069704)
Timeframe: Cmax, sd: 0 to 336 hours after start of the first infusion.

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Bevacizumab Biosimilar (BEVZ92)120000
Avastin® (Bevacizumab, Ref. Product).123000

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AUC at Steady State (AUCss) of BEVZ92 and Avastin®

"To compare the PK profile of BEVZ92 and Avastin®, both administered in combination with FOLFOX (any) or FOLFIRI, by means of comparing the truncated area under the concentration-versus-time curve calculated over a dosage interval at steady state (i.e. at Cycle 7; AUCss).~For the PK similarity assessments, regulatory guidelines on bioequivalence were followed whereby two treatments are judged not to be different from one another if the 90% CI of the ratio of a log-transformed exposure measure (AUC) falls completely within the range 80-125%." (NCT02069704)
Timeframe: AUCss: 0 to 336 hours after the administration of Cycle 7 infusion (Week 13).

Interventionng.h/mL (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Bevacizumab Biosimilar (BEVZ92)35900000
Avastin® (Bevacizumab, Ref. Product).35700000

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Ctrough,ss of BEVZ92 and Avastin®

Secondary PK endpoints included the Ctrough calculated at Cycle 7 (Ctrough,ss) (NCT02069704)
Timeframe: Ctrough, ss: 0 to 336 hours after the administration of the Cycle 7 infusion.

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Bevacizumab Biosimilar (BEVZ92)69600
Avastin® (Bevacizumab, Ref. Product).69300

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Ctrough,sd of BEVZ92 and Avastin®

Secondary PK endpoints included the Ctrough calculated at Cycle 1 (Ctrough,sd ) (NCT02069704)
Timeframe: Ctrough, sd: 0 to 336 hours after start of the first infusion.

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Bevacizumab Biosimilar (BEVZ92)344
Avastin® (Bevacizumab, Ref. Product).349

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Elimination Rate Constant (Kel) of BEVZ92 and Avastin®

Secondary PK endpoints included the Kel calculated at Cycle 7 (Ctrough,ss) (NCT02069704)
Timeframe: Kel: 0 to 336 hours after the administration of the Cycle 7 infusion.

Interventionl/h (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Bevacizumab Biosimilar (BEVZ92)0.00236
Avastin® (Bevacizumab, Ref. Product).0.00240

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Cmax,ss of BEVZ92 and Avastin®

Secondary PK endpoints included the Cmax calculated at Cycle 7 (Cmax, ss ) (NCT02069704)
Timeframe: Cmax, ss: 0 to 336 hours post-dose after the administration of Cycle 7 infusion (Week 13)

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Bevacizumab Biosimilar (BEVZ92)195000
Avastin® (Bevacizumab, Ref. Product).200000

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Percentage of Participants With ACR20 Response After Fifth Course

A participant had an ACR20 response if there was at least a 20% improvement, ie, reduction from Baseline, in TJC and SJC (28 assessed joints) and in at least 3 of the following 5 parameters: 1) Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity [VAS: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity]; 2) Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity [VAS: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity]; 3) Patient's Assessment of Pain [VAS: 0=no pain to 100=unbearable pain]; 4) Health Assessment Questionnaire [20 questions, 8 components: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip, and activities, 0=without difficulty to 3=unable to do] and 5) an acute-phase reactant (either CRP or ESR). The ACR20 response was compared to Baseline in the precursor studies WA16291 or WA17043. (NCT02093026)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after fifth course of rituximab (median duration of 297.3 weeks)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Rituximab69.7

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Percentage of Participants With Low Disease Activity and Clinical Remission Based on DAS28-ESR

DAS28-ESR was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (millimeters per hour [mm/hour]), and Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (VAS: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity). DAS28-ESR = 0.56*square root (sqrt)(TJC28) + 0.28*sqrt(SJC28) + 0.70*natural logarithm (ln) (ESR) + 0.014*Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=more disease activity. DAS28-ESR <= 3.2 implied low disease activity (LDA) and DAS28-ESR <2.6 = clinical remission. (NCT02093026)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh course of rituximab (median duration of 26, 90.9, 162.9, 232, 297.3, 354.4, and 406.7 weeks, respectively)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
LDA: 24 weeks after first courseLDA: 24 weeks after second courseLDA: 24 weeks after third courseLDA: 24 weeks after fourth courseLDA: 24 weeks after fifth courseLDA: 24 weeks after sixth courseLDA: 24 weeks after seventh courseRemission: 24 weeks after first courseRemission: 24 weeks after second courseRemission: 24 weeks after third courseRemission: 24 weeks after fourth courseRemission: 24 weeks after fifth courseRemission: 24 weeks after sixth courseRemission: 24 weeks after seventh course
Rituximab24.330.129.328.023.827.324.711.316.817.115.715.717.313.7

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Percentage of Participants With ACR20 Response After Third Course

A participant had an ACR20 response if there was at least a 20% improvement, ie, reduction from Baseline, in TJC and SJC (28 assessed joints) and in at least 3 of the following 5 parameters: 1) Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity [VAS: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity]; 2) Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity [VAS: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity]; 3) Patient's Assessment of Pain [VAS: 0=no pain to 100=unbearable pain]; 4) Health Assessment Questionnaire [20 questions, 8 components: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip, and activities, 0=without difficulty to 3=unable to do] and 5) an acute-phase reactant (either CRP or ESR). The ACR20 response was compared to Baseline in the precursor studies WA16291 or WA17043. (NCT02093026)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after third course of rituximab (median duration of 162.9 weeks)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Rituximab73.2

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Percentage of Participants With an American College of Rheumatology 20 (ACR20) Response After First Course

A participant had an ACR20 response if there was at least a 20 percent (%) improvement, ie, reduction from Baseline, in tender joint count (TJC) and swollen joint count (SJC) (28 assessed joints) and in at least 3 of the following 5 parameters: 1) Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity [visual analog scale (VAS): 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity]; 2) Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity [VAS: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity]; 3) Patient's Assessment of Pain [VAS: 0=no pain to 100=unbearable pain]; 4) Health Assessment Questionnaire [20 questions, 8 components: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip, and activities, 0=without difficulty to 3=unable to do] and 5) an acute-phase reactant (either C-reactive protein [CRP] or erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]). The ACR20 response was compared to Baseline in the precursor studies WA16291 or WA17043. (NCT02093026)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after first course of rituximab (up to approximately 26 weeks)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Rituximab67.1

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Time Since Last Treatment Course

Time since last treatment course = The last day of the last dose of rituximab to date of last contact. Date of last contact is the last available date of efficacy, complete medication start date, laboratory, adverse event assessments, early withdrawal visit, date of last contact, or date of death. (NCT02093026)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 10 years

Interventionyears (Mean)
Rituximab4.21

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American College of Rheumatology Index of Improvement (ACRn) Response

The ACRn is calculated for each participant by taking the lowest percentage improvement in (1) SJC or (2) TJC or (3) the median of the remaining 5 components of the ACR response (patient's assessment of disease activity; patient's global assessment of pain; physician's assessment of disease activity; participant's assessment of physical function; an acute phase reactant value [either CRP or ESR]). The index of improvement in RA, where 0 indicates no improvement and 100 indicates a 100% improvement across all signs and symptoms of RA. ACRn scores were calculated considering the original baseline in the precursor studies WA16291 or WA17043. (NCT02093026)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh course of rituximab (median duration of 26, 90.9, 162.9, 232, 297.3, 354.4, and 406.7 weeks, respectively)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
24 weeks after first course24 weeks after second course24 weeks after third course24 weeks after fourth course24 weeks after fifth course24 weeks after sixth course24 weeks after seventh course
Rituximab31.0734.1536.9339.5933.7629.7424.87

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Change From Baseline in the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) Score at 24 Weeks Following Each Course

The HAQ-DI is a questionnaire specific for rheumatoid arthritis and consists of 20 questions referring to 8 domains: Dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip, and activities. Participants completed the questionnaire by answering the 20 questions on a scale of 0 (without difficulty) to 3 (unable to do). The total score ranges from 0 (no disability) to 3 (completely disabled). A negative change score indicates improvement. (NCT02093026)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh course of rituximab (median duration of 26, 90.9, 162.9, 232, 297.3, 354.4, and 406.7 weeks, respectively)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
24 weeks after first course24 weeks after second course24 weeks after third course24 weeks after fourth course24 weeks after fifth course24 weeks after sixth course24 weeks after seventh course
Rituximab-0.51-0.48-0.43-0.47-0.44-0.38-0.37

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Percentage of Participants With ACR50 and ACR70 Response

A participant had an ACR50 and ACR70 response if there was at least a 50% or 70% improvement, ie, reduction from Baseline, in TJC and SJC (28 assessed joints) and in at least 3 of the following 5 parameters: 1) Physician's Global Assessment of disease activity [VAS: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity]; 2) Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity [VAS: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity]; 3) Patient's Assessment of Pain [VAS: 0=no pain to 100=unbearable pain]; 4) Health Assessment Questionnaire [20 questions, 8 components: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip, and activities, 0=without difficulty to 3=unable to do] and 5) an acute-phase reactant (CRP or ESR). The ACR50 and ACR70 responses were compared to Baseline in the precursor studies WA16291 or WA17043. (NCT02093026)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh course of rituximab (median duration of 26, 90.9, 162.9, 232, 297.3, 354.4, and 406.7 weeks, respectively)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
ACR50: 24 weeks after first courseACR50: 24 weeks after second courseACR50: 24 weeks after third courseACR50: 24 weeks after fourth courseACR50: 24 weeks after fifth courseACR50: 24 weeks after sixth courseACR50: 24 weeks after seventh courseACR70: 24 weeks after first courseACR70: 24 weeks after second courseACR70: 24 weeks after third courseACR70: 24 weeks after fourth courseACR70: 24 weeks after fifth courseACR70: 24 weeks after sixth courseACR70: 24 weeks after seventh course
Rituximab39.441.944.846.940.040.036.516.321.620.020.018.920.918.9

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Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Treatment Due to Insufficient Response

(NCT02093026)
Timeframe: First, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh course of rituximab (up to a median of approximately 2, 62, 124, 186, 248, 310, and 372 weeks, respectively)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
First courseSecond courseThird courseFourth courseFifth courseSixth courseSeventh course
Rituximab1.12.32.02.00.80.00.6

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Percentage of Participants With European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Response of 'Good' or 'Moderate'

DAS28-ESR was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (VAS: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity). DAS28-ESR = 0.56*sqrt(TJC28) + 0.28*sqrt(SJC28) + 0.70*ln(ESR) + 0.014*Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity. The DAS28-based EULAR response criteria were used to measure individual response as none, good, and moderate, depending on the extent of change from baseline and the level of disease activity reached. Good responders had a change from baseline greater than (>) 1.2 with a DAS28 score less than or equal to (≤) 3.2; moderate responders had a change from baseline >1.2 with a DAS28 score >3.2 to less than or equal to (≤) 5.1 or a change from baseline >0.6 to ≤1.2 with a DAS28 score ≤5.1. (NCT02093026)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh course of rituximab (median duration of 26, 90.9, 162.9, 232, 297.3, 354.4, and 406.7 weeks, respectively)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Moderate: 24 weeks after first courseModerate: 24 weeks after second courseModerate: 24 weeks after third courseModerate: 24 weeks after fourth courseModerate: 24 weeks after fifth courseModerate: 24 weeks after sixth courseModerate: 24 weeks after seventh courseGood: 24 weeks after first courseGood: 24 weeks after second courseGood: 24 weeks after third courseGood: 24 weeks after fourth courseGood: 24 weeks after fifth courseGood: 24 weeks after sixth courseGood: 24 weeks after seventh course
Rituximab57.858.559.560.962.157.060.024.330.429.127.924.327.125.7

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Percentage of Participants With ACR20 Response After Seventh Course

A participant had an ACR20 response if there was at least a 20% improvement, ie, reduction from Baseline, in TJC and SJC (28 assessed joints) and in at least 3 of the following 5 parameters: 1) Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity [VAS: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity]; 2) Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity [VAS: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity]; 3) Patient's Assessment of Pain [VAS: 0=no pain to 100=unbearable pain]; 4) Health Assessment Questionnaire [20 questions, 8 components: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip, and activities, 0=without difficulty to 3=unable to do] and 5) an acute-phase reactant (either CRP or ESR). The ACR20 response was compared to Baseline in the precursor studies WA16291 or WA17043. (NCT02093026)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after seventh course of rituximab (median duration of 406.7 weeks)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Rituximab59.5

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Percentage of Participants With ACR20 Response After Sixth Course

A participant had an ACR20 response if there was at least a 20% improvement, ie, reduction from Baseline, in TJC and SJC (28 assessed joints) and in at least 3 of the following 5 parameters: 1) Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity [VAS: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity]; 2) Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity [VAS: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity]; 3) Patient's Assessment of Pain [VAS: 0=no pain to 100=unbearable pain]; 4) Health Assessment Questionnaire [20 questions, 8 components: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip, and activities, 0=without difficulty to 3=unable to do] and 5) an acute-phase reactant (either CRP or ESR). The ACR20 response was compared to Baseline in the precursor studies WA16291 or WA17043. (NCT02093026)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after sixth course of rituximab (median duration of 354.4 weeks)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Rituximab68.2

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Percentage of Participants With ACR20 Response After Second Course

A participant had an ACR20 response if there was at least a 20% improvement, ie, reduction from Baseline, in TJC and SJC (28 assessed joints) and in at least 3 of the following 5 parameters: 1) Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity [VAS: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity]; 2) Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity [VAS: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity]; 3) Patient's Assessment of Pain [VAS: 0=no pain to 100=unbearable pain]; 4) Health Assessment Questionnaire [20 questions, 8 components: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip, and activities, 0=without difficulty to 3=unable to do] and 5) an acute-phase reactant (either CRP or ESR). The ACR20 response was compared to Baseline in the precursor studies WA16291 or WA17043. (NCT02093026)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after second course of rituximab (median duration of 90.9 weeks)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Rituximab70.8

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Percentage of Participants With ACR20 Response After Fourth Course

A participant had an ACR20 response if there was at least a 20% improvement, ie, reduction from Baseline, in TJC and SJC (28 assessed joints) and in at least 3 of the following 5 parameters: 1) Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity [VAS: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity]; 2) Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity [VAS: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity]; 3) Patient's Assessment of Pain [VAS: 0=no pain to 100=unbearable pain]; 4) Health Assessment Questionnaire [20 questions, 8 components: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip, and activities, 0=without difficulty to 3=unable to do] and 5) an acute-phase reactant (either CRP or ESR). The ACR20 response was compared to Baseline in the precursor studies WA16291 or WA17043. (NCT02093026)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after fourth course of rituximab (median duration of 232 weeks)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Rituximab75.1

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Overall Survival (OS) of HR and IR Relapse Patients

OS rates of HR and IR relapse B-ALL patients who are randomized following Induction Block 1 chemotherapy to receive either two intensive chemotherapy blocks or two 5-week blocks of blinatumomab (HR/IR Randomization). OS is calculated as the time from randomization to date of death or date of last contact. Two-year OS estimates will be calculated from date of randomization for both Arm A and Arm B. Two-sided 95% confidence intervals will be calculated. (NCT02101853)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years from date of randomization

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm A (HR and IR Control)58.40
Arm B (HR and IR Blinatumomab)71.33

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Disease Free Survival (DFS) of Low Risk (LR) Relapse Patients

DFS rates of LR relapse B-ALL patients who are randomized following Block 1 chemotherapy to receive either chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus blinatumomab (LR Randomization). DFS is calculated as the time from randomization to date of first event (relapse, second malignancy, remission death) or date of last contact. Three-year DFS estimates will be calculated from date of randomization for both Arm C and Arm D. Two-sided 95% confidence intervals will be calculated. (NCT02101853)
Timeframe: Up to 3 years from date of randomization

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm C (LR Control)58.94
Arm D (LR Blinatumomab)67.00

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Overall Survival (OS) of LR Relapse Patients

OS rates of LR relapse B-ALL patients who are randomized following Block 1 chemotherapy to receive either chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus blinatumomab (LR Randomization). OS is calculated as the time from randomization to date of death or date of last contact. Three-year OS estimates will be calculated from date of randomization for both Arm C and Arm D. Two-sided 95% confidence intervals will be calculated. (NCT02101853)
Timeframe: Up to 3 years from date of randomization

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm C (LR Control)88.29
Arm D (LR Blinatumomab)90.37

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Disease Free Survival (DFS) of High-risk (HR) and Intermediate-risk (IR) Relapse Patients

DFS rates of HR and IR relapse B-ALL patients who are randomized following Induction Block 1 chemotherapy to receive either two intensive chemotherapy blocks or two 5-week blocks of blinatumomab (HR/IR Randomization). DFS is calculated as the time from randomization to date of first event (treatment failure, relapse, second malignancy, remission death) or date of last contact. Two-year DFS estimates will be calculated from date of randomization for both Arm A and Arm B. Two-sided 95% confidence intervals will be calculated. (NCT02101853)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years from date of randomization

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm A (HR and IR Control)39.04
Arm B (HR and IR Blinatumomab)54.44

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EFS for Standard (SR) and Intermediate Risk (IR) T-ALL Patients on the Non-bortezomib Containing Arm on This Study (no Cranial Radiation Therapy [CRT]) and Similar Patients on AALL0434 (Received CRT)

EFS is calculated as time from randomization at study entry to first event (induction failure, induction death, relapse, second malignancy, remission death) or date of last contact. (NCT02112916)
Timeframe: 3 years

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
AALL1231 T-ALL Patients88.3
AALL0434 T-ALL Patients88.8

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Cumulative Incidence Rates of Isolated Central Nervous System (CNS) Relapse for SR and IR T-ALL Patients on the Non-bortezomib Containing Arm on This Study (no CRT) and Similar Patients on AALL0434 (Receive CRT)

Cumulative incidence of isolated CNS relapse adjusting for competing risks using the method of: Gray R, A class of K-sample tests for comparing the cumulative incidence of a competing risk. Ann Stat 1141:1154, 1988 (NCT02112916)
Timeframe: 3 years

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Isolated CNS RelapseIsolated Bone Marrow RelapseCombined Bone Marrow Relapse
AALL0434 T-ALL Patients2.23.01.8
AALL1231 T-ALL Patients3.61.41.3

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Toxicity Rates Associated With Modified Standard Therapy, Including Dexamethasone and Additional Pegaspargase

Percentage of patients who experienced Grade 3 or higher Toxicity Assessed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 4.0 (NCT02112916)
Timeframe: 3 years from start of therapy by patient

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Total Patients78.0

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Event-free Survival (EFS) for Modified Augmented Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster Backbone With or Without Bortezomib in All Randomized Patients

EFS is calculated as time from randomization at study entry to first event (induction failure, induction death, relapse, second malignancy, remission death) or date of last contact. Three-year EFS rates will be calculated for both groups. (NCT02112916)
Timeframe: 3 years

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Arm A (Combination Chemotherapy)81.7
Arm B (Combination Chemotherapy, Bortezomib)85.1

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EFS for Very High Risk (VHR) T-LLy Patients Treated With HR Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (BFM) Intensification Blocks Who Have Complete or Partial Remission and Those Who do Not Respond

EFS for very high risk (VHR) T-LLy patients treated with HR Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (BFM) intensification blocks who have complete or partial remission and those who do not respond (NCT02112916)
Timeframe: 3 years

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
VHR T-LLy (CR/PR)0

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EFS for Very High Risk (VHR) T-ALL Patients Treated With High Risk (HR) Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (BFM) Intensification Blocks Who Become Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Negative and Those Who Remain MRD Positive at the End of HR Block 3

EFS will be calculated as time from the end of the three high-risk blocks of therapy to first event (relapse, second malignancy, remission death) or date of last contact. (NCT02112916)
Timeframe: 3 years

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
VHR T-ALL MRD Undetectable25.0
VHR T-ALL MRD Detectable88.9

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Overall Survival (OS)

Efficacy of vanucizumab was evaluated in terms of OS as the time from randomization until death from any cause. 99999 = data not estimable due to the low number of deaths. (NCT02141295)
Timeframe: Baseline until death from any cause (maximum up to approximately 3.5 years)

Interventiondays (Median)
Vanucizumab + mFOLFOX-6746.0
Bevacizumab + mFOLFOX-6NA

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Number of Participants With Human Anti-human Antibodies (HAHAs) Against Vanucizumab

Safety is evaluated in terms of number of participants with Human Anti-human Antibodies (HAHAs) Against Vanucizumab. (NCT02141295)
Timeframe: End of study (EoS, within 28 to 42 days after last dose, latest at 29 months)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Safety Run-In2
Vanucizumab + mFOLFOX-61

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Duration of Objective Response, as Assessed Using RECIST v. 1.1

Efficacy of vanucizumab was evaluated in terms of duration of objective response as assessed using RECIST v. 1.1. This was computed using the PFS definition with death on study (deaths that occurred outside the 30 days window from the last study treatment are excluded). (NCT02141295)
Timeframe: Baseline (within 28 days prior to Day 1), then every 8 weeks until PD, start of other anticancer therapy, withdrawal of consent, or death (up to approximately 29 months)

Interventiondays (Median)
Vanucizumab + mFOLFOX-6342
Bevacizumab + mFOLFOX-6304

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Cmax Accumulation Ratio (AR) of Vanucizumab

PK profile of vanucizumab was evaluated in terms of Cmax Ratio, values are reported for cycle 8 of both part 1 (safety run-in) and part 2 of the study. (NCT02141295)
Timeframe: Cycle 8

InterventionRatio (Geometric Mean)
Safety Run-In1.51
Vanucizumab + mFOLFOX-61.63

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Plasma Clearance at Steady State (CLss) of Vanucizumab

PK profile of vanucizumab was evaluated in terms of CLss, values are reported for cycle 8 of both part 1 (safety run-in) and part 2 of the study. (NCT02141295)
Timeframe: Cycle 8

Interventionml/hr (Geometric Mean)
Safety Run-In15.3
Vanucizumab + mFOLFOX-618.0

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Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)

Safety is evaluated in terms of percentage of participants with at least one serious adverse event and percentage of participants with at least one adverse event. (NCT02141295)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 29 months

,,
InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Serious Adverse eventsAdverse events
Bevacizumab + mFOLFOX-643.2100.0
Safety Run-In37.5100
Vanucizumab + mFOLFOX-649.5100.0

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Minimum Observed Plasma Concentration (Clast) of Vanucizumab

PK profile of vanucizumab was evaluated in terms of Clast (NCT02141295)
Timeframe: Cycles 1 and 8 of parts 1 and 2

Interventionug/ml (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 1Cycle 8
Vanucizumab + mFOLFOX-6103361

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Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Vanucizumab

PK profile of vanucizumab was evaluated in terms of Cmax (NCT02141295)
Timeframe: Cycles 1 and 8 of parts 1 and 2

,
Interventionug/ml (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 1Cycle 8
Safety Run-In463685
Vanucizumab + mFOLFOX-6500794

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Time to Reach Cmax (Tmax) of Vanucizumab

PK profile of vanucizumab was evaluated in terms of Tmax (NCT02141295)
Timeframe: Cycles 1 and 8 of parts 1 and 2

,
Interventionhr (Median)
Cycle 1Cycle 8
Safety Run-In2.794.04
Vanucizumab + mFOLFOX-62.051.58

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Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve (AUC) of Vanucizumab

PK profile of vanucizumab was evaluated in terms of AUC (NCT02141295)
Timeframe: Cycles 1 and 8 of parts 1 and 2

,
Interventionhr*ug/ml (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 1Cycle 8
Safety Run-In73600112000
Vanucizumab + mFOLFOX-66350082100

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Percentage of Participants With Objective Response (ORR) as Assessed Using RECIST v. 1.1

Efficacy of vanucizumab was evaluated in terms of Percentage of Participants With ORR as Investigator-Assessed Using RECIST v. 1.1. Best Overall Confirmed Response. (NCT02141295)
Timeframe: Baseline (within 28 days prior to Day 1), then every 8 weeks until progressive disease (PD), start of other anticancer therapy, withdrawal of consent, or death (up to approximately 29 months)

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Safety Run-In62.5
Vanucizumab + mFOLFOX-643.6
Bevacizumab + mFOLFOX-651.6

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Volume of Distribution at Steady State (Vss) of Vanucizumab

PK profile of vanucizumab was evaluated in terms of Vss, values are reported for cycle 8 of both part 1 (safety run-in) and part 2 of the study. (NCT02141295)
Timeframe: Cycle 8

Interventionml (Geometric Mean)
Safety Run-In4400
Vanucizumab + mFOLFOX-64140

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Progression-free Survival (PFS), Time to Event

Efficacy of vanucizumab was evaluated in terms of PFS as Investigator-Assessed Using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version 1.1 (RECIST v1.1). PFS was defined as the time between randomization and the date of first documented disease progression or death from any cause on study, whichever occurred first. Death on study was defined as death from any cause within 30 days of the last study treatment. (NCT02141295)
Timeframe: Baseline, every 8 weeks, up to approximately 29 months

Interventiondays (Median)
Vanucizumab + mFOLFOX-6338.0
Bevacizumab + mFOLFOX-6309.0

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Plasma Terminal Half-Life (t1/2) of Vanucizumab

PK profile of vanucizumab was evaluated in terms of t1/2, values are reported for cycle 8 of both part 1 (safety run-in) and part 2 of the study. (NCT02141295)
Timeframe: Cycle 8

Interventionhr (Geometric Mean)
Safety Run-In202
Vanucizumab + mFOLFOX-6157

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Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology 20 (ACR20) Response at Week 24

American College of Rheumatology (ACR) response is a composite rating scale that includes 7 variables: tender joints count (TJC [68 joints]); Swollen joints count (SJC [66 joints]); levels of an acute phase reactant (high sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP level]); participant's assessment of pain (measured on 0 [no pain]-100 mm [worst pain] visual analog scale [VAS]); participant's global assessment of disease activity (measured on 0 [no arthritis activity]-100 mm [maximal arthritis activity] VAS); physician's global assessment of disease activity (measured on 0 [no arthritis activity]-100 mm [maximal arthritis activity] VAS); participant's assessment of physical function (measured by health assessment questionnaire disability index [HAQ-DI], with scoring range of 0 [better health] - 3 [worst health]). ACR20 response was defined as achieving at least 20% improvement in both TJC and SJC, and at least 20% improvement in at least 3 of the 5 other assessments. (NCT02293902)
Timeframe: Week 24

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo14.8
Sarilumab 150 mg67.9
Sarilumab 200 mg57.5

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Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Electrocardiogram (ECG) Abnormalities

"Criteria for potentially clinically significant ECG abnormalities:~PR Interval: >200 millisecond (ms); >200 ms and IFB >=25%; >220 ms; >220 ms and IFB >=25%; >240 ms; >240 ms and IFB >=25%~QRS Interval: >110 ms; >110 ms and IFB >=25%; >120 ms; >120 ms and IFB >=25%~QT Interval: >500 ms~QTc Bazett (QTc B): >450 ms; 480 ms; 500 ms; IFB >30 and <=60 ms; IFB >60 ms~QTc Fridericia (QTc F): >450 ms; 480 ms; 500 ms; IFB >30 and <=60 ms; IFB >60 ms" (NCT02293902)
Timeframe: For placebo arm: Baseline up to Week 24; For sarilumab 150 mg/150 mg, sarilumab 200 mg/200 mg and sarilumab rescue arm: Baseline up to Week 58; For placebo/sarilumab 150 mg and placebo/sarilumab 200 mg arm: Week 25 up to Week 58

,,,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
PR Interval >200 msPR Interval >200 ms and IFB >=25%PR Interval >220 msPR Interval >220 ms and IFB >=25%PR Interval >240 msPR Interval >240 ms and IFB >=25%QRS Interval >110 msQRS Interval >110 ms and IFB >=25%QRS Interval >120 msQRS Interval >120 ms and IFB >=25%QT Interval >500 msQTc B >450 msQTc B >480 msQTc B >500 msQTc B IFB >30 and <=60 msQTc B IFB >60 msQTc F>450 msQTc F>480 msQTc F>500 msQTc F IFB >30 and <=60 msQTc F IFB >60 ms
Placebo6030202020112002070040
Placebo/Sarilumab 150 mg000000101002000000000
Placebo/Sarilumab 200 mg201010101003101021010
Sarilumab 150 mg/150 mg91411020200162020110040
Sarilumab 200 mg/200 mg50200020101222020140030
Sarilumab Rescue60202031213182050121030

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Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Electrolytes

"Criteria for potentially clinically significant abnormalities:~Sodium: <=129 mmol/L; >=160 mmol/L~Potassium: <3 mmol/L; >=5.5 mmol/L~Chloride: <80 mmol/L; >115 mmol/L" (NCT02293902)
Timeframe: For placebo arm: Baseline up to Week 24; For sarilumab 150 mg/150 mg, sarilumab 200 mg/200 mg and sarilumab rescue arm: Baseline up to Week 58; For placebo/sarilumab 150 mg and placebo/sarilumab 200 mg arm: Week 25 up to Week 58

,,,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Sodium <=129 mmol/LSodium >=160 mmol/LPotassium <3 mmol/LPotassium >=5.5 mmol/LChloride <80 mmol/LChloride >115 mmol/L
Placebo000000
Placebo/Sarilumab 150 mg000000
Placebo/Sarilumab 200 mg000100
Sarilumab 150 mg/150 mg000000
Sarilumab 200 mg/200 mg111200
Sarilumab Rescue010001

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Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Hematological Parameters

"Criteria for potentially clinically significant abnormalities:~Hemoglobin: <=115 g/L (Male[M]) or <=95 g/L (Female[F]); >=185 g/L (M) or >=165 g/L (F); DFB >=20 g/L~Hematocrit: <=0.37 v/v (M) or <=0.32 v/v (F); >=0.55 v/v (M) or >=0.5 v/v (F)~Red blood cells (RBC): >=6 Tera/L~Platelets: <50 Giga/L; >=50 and <100 Giga/L; >=700 Giga/L~White blood cells (WBC): <3.0 Giga/L (Non-Black[NB]) or <2.0 Giga/L (Black[B]); >=16.0 Giga/L~Neutrophils: <1.5 Giga/L (NB) or <1.0 Giga/L (B); <1.0 Giga/L~Lymphocytes: <0.5 Giga/L; >=0.5 Giga/L and < lower limit of normal (LLN); >4.0 Giga/L~Monocytes: >0.7 Giga/L~Basophils: >0.1 Giga/L~Eosinophils: >0.5 Giga/L or >upper limit of normal (ULN) (if ULN >=0.5 Giga/L)" (NCT02293902)
Timeframe: For placebo arm: Baseline up to Week 24; For sarilumab 150 mg/150 mg, sarilumab 200 mg/200 mg and sarilumab rescue arm: Baseline up to Week 58; For placebo/sarilumab 150 mg and placebo/sarilumab 200 mg arm: Week 25 up to Week 58

,,,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Hemoglobin <=115 g/L (M) or <=95 g/L (F)Hemoglobin >=185 g/L (M) or >=165 g/L (F)Hemoglobin DFB >=20 g/LHematocrit <=0.37 v/v (M) or <=0.32 v/v (F)Hematocrit >=0.55 v/v (M) or >=0.5 v/v (F)RBC >=6 Tera/LPlatelets <50 Giga/LPlatelets >=50 and <100 Giga/LPlatelets >=700 Giga/LWBC <3.0 Giga/L (NB) or <2.0 Giga/L (B)WBC >=16.0 Giga/LNeutrophils <1.5 Giga/L (NB) or <1.0 Giga/L (B)Neutrophils <1.0 Giga/LLymphocytes <0.5 Giga/LLymphocytes >=0.5 Giga/L and Lymphocytes >4.0 Giga/LMonocytes >0.7 Giga/LBasophils >0.1 Giga/LEosinophils>0.5 Giga/L or >ULN(if ULN>=0.5 Giga/L)
Placebo904170000100003230961
Placebo/Sarilumab 150 mg0000000005053140011
Placebo/Sarilumab 200 mg1003000006060220200
Sarilumab 150 mg/150 mg40010001203053111629010112
Sarilumab 200 mg/200 mg50314000402352463320791
Sarilumab Rescue5016000101721881180392

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Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Liver Function Parameters

"Criteria for potentially clinically significant abnormalities:~Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT): >1 ULN and <=1.5 ULN; >1.5 ULN and <=3 ULN; >3 ULN and <=5 ULN; >5 ULN and <=10 ULN; >10 ULN and <=20 ULN; >20 ULN~Aspartate aminotransferase (AST): >1 ULN and <=1.5 ULN; >1.5 ULN and <=3 ULN; >3 ULN and <=5 ULN; >5 ULN and <=10 ULN; >10 ULN and <=20 ULN; >20 ULN~Alkaline phosphatase: >1.5 ULN~Total bilirubin (TBILI): >1.5 ULN; >2 ULN~Conjugated bilirubin (CBILI): >1.5 ULN; >2 ULN~Unconjugated bilirubin: >1.5 ULN; >2 ULN~ALT and TBILI: ALT >3 ULN and TBILI >2 ULN~CBILI and TBILI: CBILI >35% TBILI and TBILI >1.5 ULN~Albumin: <=25 g/L" (NCT02293902)
Timeframe: For placebo arm: Baseline up to Week 24; For sarilumab 150 mg/150 mg, sarilumab 200 mg/200 mg and sarilumab rescue arm : Baseline up to Week 58; For placebo/sarilumab 150 mg and placebo/sarilumab 200 mg arm: Week 25 up to Week 58

,,,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
ALT >1 ULN and <=1.5 ULNALT >1.5 ULN and <=3 ULNALT >3 ULN and <=5 ULNALT >5 ULN and <=10 ULNALT >10 ULN and <=20 ULNALT >20 ULNAST >1 ULN and <=1.5 ULNAST >1.5 ULN and <=3 ULNAST >3 ULN and <=5 ULNAST >5 ULN and <=10 ULNAST >10 ULN and <=20 ULNAST >20 ULNAlkaline phosphatase >1.5 ULNTBILI >1.5 ULNTBILI >2 ULNCBILI >1.5 ULNCBILI >2 ULNUnconjugated bilirubin >1.5 ULNUnconjugated bilirubin >2 ULNALT >3 ULN and TBILI >2 ULNCBILI >35% TBILI and TBILI >1.5Albumin <=25 g/L
Placebo37600071110000000000000
Placebo/Sarilumab 150 mg3420006310000100000000
Placebo/Sarilumab 200 mg6401008110000000000000
Sarilumab 150 mg/150 mg172411100341850002100000000
Sarilumab 200 mg/200 mg24195200321021000210010000
Sarilumab Rescue1694200221130000311110010

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Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Metabolic Parameters

"Criteria for potentially clinically significant abnormalities:~Glucose: <=3.9 mmol/L and =11.1 mmol/L unfasted or >=7 mmol/L fasted~Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): >8%~Total cholesterol: >=6.2 mmol/L; >=7.74 mmol/L~LDL cholesterol: >=4.1 mmol/L; >=4.9 mmol/L~Triglycerides: >=4.6 mmol/L; >=5.6 mmol/L" (NCT02293902)
Timeframe: For placebo arm: Baseline up to Week 24; For sarilumab 150 mg/150 mg, sarilumab 200 mg/200 mg and sarilumab rescue arm: Baseline up to Week 58; For placebo/sarilumab 150 mg and placebo/sarilumab 200 mg arm: Week 25 up to Week 58

,,,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Glucose <=3.9 mmol/L and Glucose>=11.1 mmol/L unfasted or >=7 mmol/L fastedHbA1c >8%Total cholesterol >=6.2 mmol/LTotal cholesterol >=7.74 mmol/LLDL cholesterol >=4.1 mmol/LLDL cholesterol >=4.9 mmol/LTriglycerides >=4.6 mmol/LTriglycerides >=5.6 mmol/L
Placebo030903000
Placebo/Sarilumab 150 mg100403000
Placebo/Sarilumab 200 mg100211111
Sarilumab 150 mg/150 mg08040720400
Sarilumab 200 mg/200 mg24032517633
Sarilumab Rescue2101737222

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Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Renal Function Parameters

"Criteria for potentially clinically significant abnormalities:~Creatinine: >=150 micromol/L; >=30% change from baseline; >=100% change from baseline~Creatinine clearance: <15 mL/min; >=15 to <30 mL/min; >=30 to < 60 mL/min; >=60 to <90 mL/min~Blood urea nitrogen: >=17 mmol/L~Uric acid: <120 micromol/L; >408 micromol/L" (NCT02293902)
Timeframe: For placebo arm: Baseline up to Week 24; For sarilumab 150 mg/150 mg, sarilumab 200 mg/200 mg and sarilumab rescue arm: Baseline up to Week 58; For placebo/sarilumab 150 mg and placebo/sarilumab 200 mg arm: Week 25 up to Week 58

,,,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Creatinine >=150 micromol/LCreatinine >=30% change from baselineCreatinine >=100% change from baselineCreatinine clearance <15 mL/minCreatinine clearance >=15 to <30 mL/minCreatinine clearance >=30 to <60 mL/minCreatinine clearance >=60 to <90 mL/minBlood urea nitrogen >=17 mmol/LUric acid <120 micromol/LUric acid >408 micromol/L
Placebo05000641008
Placebo/Sarilumab 150 mg0000007003
Placebo/Sarilumab 200 mg1410125103
Sarilumab 150 mg/150 mg11810112450113
Sarilumab 200 mg/200 mg12210014420214
Sarilumab Rescue017000735005

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Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Vital Signs Abnormalities

"Criteria for potentially clinically significant vital sign abnormalities:~Systolic blood pressure supine (SBP[S]): <=95 mmHg and decrease from baseline (DFB) >=20 mmHg; >=160 mmHg and increase from baseline (IFB) >=20 mmHg~Diastolic blood pressure supine (DBP[S]): <=45 mmHg and DFB >=10 mmHg; >=110 mmHg and IFB >=10 mmHg~Orthostatic systolic blood pressure (SBP[O]): <=-20 mmHg~Orthostatic diastolic blood pressure (DBP[O]): <=-10 mmHg~Heart rate supine (HR[S]): <=50 beats per minute (bpm) and DFB >=20 bpm; >=120 bpm and IFB >=20 bpm~Weight: >=5% DFB; >=5% IFB" (NCT02293902)
Timeframe: For placebo arm: Baseline up to Week 24; For sarilumab 150 mg/150 mg, sarilumab 200 mg/200 mg and sarilumab rescue arm: Baseline up to Week 58; For placebo/sarilumab 150 mg and placebo/sarilumab 200 mg arm: Week 25 up to Week 58

,,,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
SBP(S) <=95 mmHg and DFB >=20 mmHgSBP(S) >=160 mmHg and IFB >=20 mmHgDBP(S) <=45 mmHg and DFB >=10 mmHgDBP(S)>=110 mmHg and IFB >=10 mmHgSBP(O) <=-20 mmHgDBP(O) <=-10 mmHgHR(S) <=50 bpm and DFB >=20 bpmHR(S) >=120 bpm and IFB >=20 bpmWeight >=5% DFBWeight >=5% IFB
Placebo2210880155
Placebo/Sarilumab 150 mg0000200007
Placebo/Sarilumab 200 mg0100210006
Sarilumab 150 mg/150 mg4511211740531
Sarilumab 200 mg/200 mg1510231210727
Sarilumab Rescue0800121010415

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Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)

AE: any untoward medical occurrence in a participant during the study; the event does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the treatment. This includes any newly occurring event or previous condition that has increased in severity or frequency after informed consent form is signed. AE includes serious as well as non-serious AEs. SAE (subset of AE): medical event or condition, which falls into any of the following categories, regardless of its relationship to the study drug: death, life threatening adverse experience, In-patient hospitalization/prolongation of hospitalization, persistent/significant disability or incapacity, congenital anomaly/birth defect, important medical event. Any AEs that developed or worsened or became serious during double-blind on-treatment period, single-blind on-treatment period up to 6-week post-treatment follow-up period (up to Week 58) were considered treatment-emergent. (NCT02293902)
Timeframe: For placebo arm: Baseline up to Week 24; For sarilumab 150 mg/150 mg, sarilumab 200 mg/200 mg and sarilumab rescue arm: Baseline up to Week 58; For placebo/sarilumab 150 mg and placebo/sarilumab 200 mg arm: Week 25 up to Week 58

,,,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Treatment Emergent AEsTreatment Emergent SAEs
Placebo496
Placebo/Sarilumab 150 mg120
Placebo/Sarilumab 200 mg132
Sarilumab 150 mg/150 mg768
Sarilumab 200 mg/200 mg715
Sarilumab Rescue544

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Change in Arterial FDG Uptake (From Baseline) in the Most Diseased Segment

"Arterial FDG Uptake provides a measure of inflammation in the artery wall.~TBR is target-to-background ratio (a measure of the ratio of the activity in the vessel wall divided by the blood background). A negative number for the change in TBR implies a reduction in activity over time.~The most diseased segment is the approx 1-cm section of the vessel with the highest activity at baseline.~The results are expressed as the change in the median value, of the TBR, from baseline to week 24" (NCT02312219)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

InterventionTBR (Median)
Low Dose Methotrexate-0.126
Placebo0.026

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Change in Arterial FDG Uptake (From Baseline) in the Aorta

"Arterial FDG Uptake provides a measure of inflammation in the artery wall.~TBR is target-to-background ratio (a measure of the ratio of the activity in the vessel wall divided by the blood background). A negative number for the change in TBR implies a reduction in activity over time.~The entire ascending aorta is used for this analysis.~The results are expressed as the change in the median value, of the TBR, from baseline to week 24" (NCT02312219)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

InterventionTBR (Median)
Low Dose Methotrexate-0.064
Placebo0.063

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Change From Baseline in SDAI Score at All Measured Timepoints

The SDAI is a composite score that is based on the number of tender and swollen joints using a 28-joint count, Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using a visual analog scale (VAS) where 0=no activity at all and 100=worst activity imaginable, Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using a VAS where 0=no arthritis activity at all and 100=worst arthritis activity imaginable, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in mg/dL. The SDAI score ranges from 0 to 86, with higher scores representing worse disease. SDAI remission was defined as a score of ≤ 3.3. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT02373813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48

,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Change at Week 12Change at Week 24Change at Week 36Change at Week 48
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Monotherapy3.143.781.061.16
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Plus Methotrexate3.212.141.301.77
Double-Blind Treatment: Methotrexate Monotherapy5.674.422.902.27

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Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) at All Measured Timepoints

The CDAI is a composite score that is based on the number of tender and swollen joints using a 28-joint count, Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using a visual analog scale (VAS) where 0=no activity at all and 100=worst activity imaginable, and Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using a VAS where 0=no arthritis activity at all and 100=worst arthritis activity imaginable. The CDAI score ranges from 0 to 76, where a higher score represents worse disease. (NCT02373813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48

,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
BaselineWeek 12Week 24Week 36Week 48
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Monotherapy0.924.084.631.932.00
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Plus Methotrexate0.713.952.352.042.61
Double-Blind Treatment: Methotrexate Monotherapy1.016.425.073.603.06

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Percentage of Participants With SDAI Remission (≤ 3.3) at All Measured Timepoints

The SDAI is a composite score that is based on the number of tender and swollen joints using a 28-joint count, Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using a visual analog scale (VAS) where 0=no activity at all and 100=worst activity imaginable, Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using a VAS where 0=no arthritis activity at all and 100=worst arthritis activity imaginable, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in mg/dL. The SDAI score ranges from 0 to 86, with higher scores representing worse disease. SDAI remission was defined as a score of ≤ 3.3. (NCT02373813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
BaselineWeek 12Week 24Week 36Week 48
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Monotherapy92.164.056.655.652.1
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Plus Methotrexate96.174.562.055.156.3
Double-Blind Treatment: Methotrexate Monotherapy96.050.038.836.130.5

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Percentage of Participants With Disease Worsening

"Percentage of participants who fulfilled disease-worsening criteria for the first time is presented. Disease worsening is defined as any of the following:~an SDAI > 3.3 and ≤ 11 during 2 consecutive visits at least 2 weeks apart~SDAI > 3.3 and ≤ 11 on 3 or more separate visits~SDAI > 11 after randomization.~The SDAI is a composite score that is based on the number of tender and swollen joints using a 28-joint count, Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using a visual analog scale (VAS) where 0=no activity at all and 100=worst activity imaginable, Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using a VAS where 0=no arthritis activity at all and 100=worst arthritis activity imaginable, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in mg/dL. The SDAI score ranges from 0 to 86, with higher scores representing worse disease. SDAI remission was defined as a score of ≤ 3.3." (NCT02373813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
BaselineWeek 12Week 24Week 36Week 48
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Monotherapy0.023.014.63.20.0
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Plus Methotrexate0.017.66.18.34.3
Double-Blind Treatment: Methotrexate Monotherapy0.042.08.710.14.8

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Percentage of Participants With Boolean Remission at All Measured Timepoints

"A participant achieves Boolean remission (66/68-joint count) if all of the following criteria are met at a single timepoint:~68-joint tender joint count ≤ 1~66-joint swollen joint count ≤ 1~CRP (mg/dL) ≤ 1~Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using a VAS (where 0=no arthritis activity at all and 10=worst arthritis activity imaginable) ≤ 1." (NCT02373813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
BaselineWeek 12Week 24Week 36Week 48
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Monotherapy34.723.016.720.413.3
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Plus Methotrexate45.119.626.527.125.5
Double-Blind Treatment: Methotrexate Monotherapy34.018.015.214.620.2

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Disease Activity Score (28 Joint) Using the C-Reactive Protein Formula (DAS28-CRP) at All Measured Timepoints

The DAS28-CRP is a composite index that was designed to measure disease activity using the number of tender and swollen joints based upon a 28-joint count, CRP in mg/L, and a 100 mm VAS measuring the participant's general health from 0 (best) to 100 (worst). DAS28-CRP scores range from 0 to 9.4, where higher scores represent higher disease activity. (NCT02373813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48

,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
BaselineWeek 12Week 24Week 36Week 48
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Monotherapy1.501.912.001.671.67
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Plus Methotrexate1.541.941.771.721.72
Double-Blind Treatment: Methotrexate Monotherapy1.502.362.151.961.87

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Percentage of Participants Receiving Rescue Treatment Who Experienced SDAI Remission at Week 48

The SDAI is a composite score that is based on the number of tender and swollen joints using a 28-joint count, Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using a visual analog scale (VAS) where 0=no activity at all and 100=worst activity imaginable, Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using a VAS where 0=no arthritis activity at all and 100=worst arthritis activity imaginable, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in mg/dL. The SDAI score ranges from 0 to 86, with higher scores representing worse disease. SDAI remission was defined as a score of ≤ 3.3. (NCT02373813)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Double-Blind Treatment: Methotrexate Monotherapy54.2
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Monotherapy55.9
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Plus Methotrexate66.7

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Disease Activity Score (28 Joint) Calculated Using the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Formula (DAS28-ESR) at All Measured Timepoints

The DAS28-ESR is a modified composite index that was designed to measure disease activity using the number of tender and swollen joints based upon a 28-joint count, ESR in mm/hr, and a 100 mm VAS measuring the participant's general health, from 0 (best) to 100 (worst). DAS28-ESR scores range from 0 to 9.4, where higher scores represent higher disease activity. (NCT02373813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48

,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
BaselineWeek 12Week 24Week 36Week 48
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Monotherapy1.882.372.542.172.21
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Plus Methotrexate1.842.322.172.162.11
Double-Blind Treatment: Methotrexate Monotherapy1.802.782.412.322.22

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Change From Baseline in DAS28-CRP at All Measured Timepoints

The DAS28-CRP is a composite index that was designed to measure disease activity using the number of tender and swollen joints based upon a 28-joint count, CRP in mg/L, and a 100 mm VAS measuring the participant's general health from 0 (best) to 100 (worst). DAS28-CRP scores range from 0 to 9.4, where higher scores represent higher disease activity. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT02373813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48

,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Change at Week 12Change at Week 24Change at Week 36Change at Week 48
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Monotherapy0.420.520.180.19
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Plus Methotrexate0.410.250.200.21
Double-Blind Treatment: Methotrexate Monotherapy0.840.670.490.40

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SDAI Score at All Measured Timepoints

The SDAI is a composite score that is based on the number of tender and swollen joints using a 28-joint count, Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using a visual analog scale (VAS) where 0=no activity at all and 100=worst activity imaginable, Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using a VAS where 0=no arthritis activity at all and 100=worst arthritis activity imaginable, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in mg/dL. The SDAI score ranges from 0 to 86, with higher scores representing worse disease. (NCT02373813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48

,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
BaselineWeek 12Week 24Week 36Week 48
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Monotherapy1.264.374.982.252.33
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Plus Methotrexate1.184.393.282.412.86
Double-Blind Treatment: Methotrexate Monotherapy1.297.015.614.033.41

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Change From Baseline in CDAI at All Measured Timepoints

The CDAI is a composite score that is based on the number of tender and swollen joints using a 28-joint count, Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using a visual analog scale (VAS) where 0=no activity at all and 100=worst activity imaginable, and Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using a VAS where 0=no arthritis activity at all and 100=worst arthritis activity imaginable. The CDAI score ranges from 0 to 76, where a higher score represents worse disease. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT02373813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48

,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Change at Week 12Change at Week 24Change at Week 36Change at Week 48
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Monotherapy3.153.751.071.15
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Plus Methotrexate3.241.701.412.00
Double-Blind Treatment: Methotrexate Monotherapy5.394.092.692.17

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Percentage of Participants With SDAI Remission (≤ 3.3) at Week 48: Etanercept and Methotrexate vs. Methotrexate Monotherapy

The SDAI is a composite score that is based on the number of tender and swollen joints using a 28-joint count, Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using a visual analog scale (VAS) where 0=no activity at all and 100=worst activity imaginable, Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using a VAS where 0=no arthritis activity at all and 100=worst arthritis activity imaginable, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in mg/dL. The SDAI score ranges from 0 to 86, with higher scores representing worse disease. SDAI remission was defined as a score of ≤ 3.3. (NCT02373813)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Double-Blind Treatment: Methotrexate Monotherapy28.7
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Plus Methotrexate52.9

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Percentage of Participants With Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) Remission (≤ 3.3) at Week 48: Etanercept Monotherapy vs. Methotrexate Monotherapy

The SDAI is a composite score that is based on the number of tender and swollen joints using a 28-joint count, Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using a visual analog scale (VAS) where 0=no activity at all and 100=worst activity imaginable, Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using a VAS where 0=no arthritis activity at all and 100=worst arthritis activity imaginable, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in mg/dL. The SDAI score ranges from 0 to 86, with higher scores representing worse disease. SDAI remission was defined as a score of ≤ 3.3. (NCT02373813)
Timeframe: Week 48

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Double-Blind Treatment: Methotrexate Monotherapy28.7
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Monotherapy49.5

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Time to Recapture SDAI Remission After Starting Rescue Treatment

"In participants who receive rescue treatment during the double-blind treatment period.~The SDAI is a composite score that is based on the number of tender and swollen joints using a 28-joint count, Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using a visual analog scale (VAS) where 0=no activity at all and 100=worst activity imaginable, Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using a VAS where 0=no arthritis activity at all and 100=worst arthritis activity imaginable, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in mg/dL. The SDAI score ranges from 0 to 86, with higher scores representing worse disease. SDAI remission was defined as a score of ≤ 3.3." (NCT02373813)
Timeframe: Between rescue and remission or Week 48, whichever comes first.

Interventionweeks (Median)
Double-Blind Treatment: Methotrexate Monotherapy11.00
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Monotherapy12.00
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Plus Methotrexate11.36

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Time to Disease Worsening

"Disease worsening is defined as any of the following:~an SDAI > 3.3 and ≤ 11 during 2 consecutive visits at least 2 weeks apart~SDAI > 3.3 and ≤ 11 on 3 or more separate visits~SDAI > 11 after randomization.~The SDAI is a composite score that is based on the number of tender and swollen joints using a 28-joint count, Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using a visual analog scale (VAS) where 0=no activity at all and 100=worst activity imaginable, Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity using a VAS where 0=no arthritis activity at all and 100=worst arthritis activity imaginable, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in mg/dL. The SDAI score ranges from 0 to 86, with higher scores representing worse disease. SDAI remission was defined as a score of ≤ 3.3." (NCT02373813)
Timeframe: up to Week 48

Interventionweeks (Median)
Double-Blind Treatment: Methotrexate Monotherapy12.14
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Monotherapy13.21
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Plus Methotrexate18.93

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Change From Baseline in DAS28-ESR at All Measured Timepoints

The DAS28-ESR is a modified composite index that was designed to measure disease activity using the number of tender and swollen joints based upon a 28-joint count, ESR in mm/hr, and a 100 mm VAS measuring the participant's general health, from 0 (best) to 100 (worst). DAS28-ESR scores range from 0 to 9.4, where higher scores represent higher disease activity. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT02373813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48

,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Change at Week 12Change at Week 24Change at Week 36Change at Week 48
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Monotherapy0.500.690.310.34
Double-Blind Treatment: Etanercept Plus Methotrexate0.480.340.350.32
Double-Blind Treatment: Methotrexate Monotherapy0.960.650.530.43

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Percentage of Participants With a Reduction of Pain as Measured Using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at Weeks 2, 12 and 24

Reduction of Pain, defined as a ≥40% change from Baseline as measured using a 100 mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS); left end of the line 0=no pain to right end of the line 100=unbearable pain at weeks 2, 12 and 24. (NCT02379091)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2, 12 and 24

,,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 2Week 12Week 24
Namilumab 150 mg/mL3.630.824.0
Namilumab 20 mg/mL14.344.043.5
Namilumab 80 mg/mL8.739.147.8
Placebo7.720.822.7

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Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology 20% (ACR20), 50% (ACR 50) and 70% (ACR70) Response at Weeks 12 and 24

"ACR20/50/70 response is defined as a ≥20/50/70% reduction from Baseline for both total joint count-68 joints (TJC68) and swollen joint count-66 joints (SJC66), and the following:~Patient's Assessment of Pain over the previous 24 hours using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS); left end of the line 0=no pain to right end of the line 100=unbearable pain~Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity~Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity over the previous 24 hours using a VAS where left end of the line 0=no disease activity to right end of the line 100=maximum disease activity~Health Assessment Questionnaire: 20 questions, 8 components: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip and activities, 0=without difficulty to 3=unable to do~Acute-phase reactant: C-reactive Protein (CRP)." (NCT02379091)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 24

,,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
ACR 20, Week 12ACR 50, Week 12ACR 70, Week 12ACR 20, Week 24ACR 50, Week 24ACR 70, Week 24
Namilumab 150 mg/mL53.838.515.456.036.020.0
Namilumab 20 mg/mL72.020.04.065.234.813.0
Namilumab 80 mg/mL52.230.421.747.847.830.4
Placebo37.516.78.333.323.819.0

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Change From Baseline in DAS28-CRP at Weeks 2, 6, and 10

The DAS28-CRP score is a measure of the participant's disease activity calculated using the tender joint count (TJC) [28 joints], swollen joint count (SJC) [28 joints], general health: patient's global assessment of disease activity [visual analog scale: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity] and acute phase response: C-Reactive Protein (CRP) for a total possible score of 0 (best) to approximately 10 (worst). Scores below 2.6 indicate best disease control and scores above 5.1 indicate worse disease control. A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement. A MMRM model with main effects for study site, treatment, visit, and previously failed medication with interactions between visit and treatment, visit and previously failed medication, and visit and baseline value as a covariate and participant as a random effect with an unstructured covariance structure was used for analysis. (NCT02379091)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 2, 6 and 10

,,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Change at Week 2Change at Week 6Change at Week 10
Namilumab 150 mg/mL-0.95-1.42-1.51
Namilumab 20 mg/mL-0.58-1.13-1.19
Namilumab 80 mg/mL-0.84-1.37-1.39
Placebo-0.33-0.70-0.75

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Change From Baseline in Disease Activity Score 28 C-Reactive Protein (DAS28-CRP) at Week 12

The DAS28-CRP score is a measure of the participant's disease activity calculated using the tender joint count (TJC) [28 joints], swollen joint count (SJC) [28 joints], general health: patient's global assessment of disease activity [visual analog scale: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity] and acute phase response: C-Reactive Protein (CRP) for a total possible score of 0 (best) to approximately 10 (worst). Scores below 2.6 indicate best disease control and scores above 5.1 indicate worse disease control. A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement. A mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) model with main effects for study site, treatment, visit, and previously failed medication with interactions between visit and treatment, visit and previously failed medication, and visit and baseline value as a covariate and participant as a random effect with an unstructured covariance structure was used for analysis. (NCT02379091)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

Interventionscore on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.77
Namilumab 20 mg/mL-1.38
Namilumab 80 mg/mL-1.36
Namilumab 150 mg/mL-1.69

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ACR Numeric (N) Index (ACRn) at Week 12

ACRn is defined as the lowest % improvement for TJC68, SJC66 and the median of 5 ACR components. These are • Patient's Assessment of Pain over previous 24 hours using a VAS; left end of line 0=no pain to right end of line 100=unbearable pain • Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity • Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity over previous 24 hours using a VAS where left end of line 0=no disease activity to right end of line 100=maximum disease activity • Health Assessment Questionnaire: 20 questions, 8 components: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip and activities, 0=without difficulty to 3=unable to do • Acute-phase reactant: CRP. A positive % change indicates improvement. MMRM model with main effects for study site, treatment, visit, and previously failed medication with interactions between visit and treatment and visit and previously failed medication and participant used as a random effect with an unstructured covariance structure. (NCT02379091)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

Interventionpercentage change (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-17.25
Namilumab 20 mg/mL3.97
Namilumab 80 mg/mL19.68
Namilumab 150 mg/mL17.14

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ACR Numeric (N) Index (ACRn) at Week 24

ACRn is defined as the lowest % improvement for TJC68, SJC66 and the median of 5 ACR components. These are • Patient's Assessment of Pain over previous 24 hours using a VAS; left end of line 0=no pain to right end of line 100=unbearable pain • Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity • Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity over previous 24 hours using a VAS where left end of line 0=no disease activity to right end of line 100=maximum disease activity • Health Assessment Questionnaire: 20 questions, 8 components: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip and activities, 0=without difficulty to 3=unable to do • Acute-phase reactant: CRP. A positive % change indicates improvement. MMRM model with main effects for study site, treatment, visit, and previously failed medication with interactions between visit and treatment and visit and previously failed medication and participant used as a random effect with an unstructured covariance structure. (NCT02379091)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

Interventionpercentage change (Mean)
Placebo34.04
Namilumab 20 mg/mL35.35
Namilumab 80 mg/mL44.66
Namilumab 150 mg/mL36.57

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Change From Baseline in DAS28-CRP at Week 24

The DAS28-CRP score is a measure of the participant's disease activity calculated using the tender joint count (TJC) [28 joints], swollen joint count (SJC) [28 joints], general health: patient's global assessment of disease activity [visual analog scale: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity] and acute phase response: C-Reactive Protein (CRP) for a total possible score of 0 (best) to approximately 10 (worst). Scores below 2.6 indicate best disease control and scores above 5.1 indicate worse disease control. A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement. (NCT02379091)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Placebo-1.75
Namilumab 20 mg/mL-2.37
Namilumab 80 mg/mL-2.20
Namilumab 150 mg/mL-2.26

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Overall Response Rate

"Secondary objectives are to determine the efficacy and tolerability of selinexor in combination with mFOLFOX6 in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer by~- Overall response rate (RR) (acc. to RECIST v1.1)~Per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.1) for target lesions and assessed byCT or MRI: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), >=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Overall Response (OR) = CR + PR." (NCT02384850)
Timeframe: 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Selinexor 40 mg+ mFOLFOX60
Selinexor 20mg + mFOLFOX61

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Progression Free Survival (PFS)

"Secondary objectives are to determine the efficacy and tolerability of selinexor in combination with mFOLFOX6 in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer by~- Progression free survival (PFS) The disease status was measured by CT/MRI and evaluated according to RECIST 1.1 criteria every 8 weeks during treatment, at End of Treatment and every 3 weeks during Follow-up to determine time until patient has Progressive Disease (PD). PD is defined according to RECIST v1.1 at least a 20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study (this includes the baseline sum if that is the smallest on study). In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm. The appearance of one or more new lesions is also considered progression." (NCT02384850)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionmonths (Mean)
Selinexor 40 mg+ mFOLFOX6NA
Selinexor 20mg + mFOLFOX6NA

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Numbers of Patients With Dose Limiting Toxicities

"Primary objective is the determination of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of selinexor in combination with mFOLFOX6 in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.~Criteria to assess MTD was the experience of AEs > grade 3, discontinuation from study treatment due to adverse events or withdrawal of consent by the patients." (NCT02384850)
Timeframe: 28 days of treatment

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Discontinuation due to Adverse eventsDiscontinuation due to Withdrawal of ConsentDiscontinuation due to Progressive Disease
Selinexor 20mg + mFOLFOX6222
Selinexor 40 mg+ mFOLFOX6220

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Number of Patients Experiencing Adverse Events

"Secondary objectives are to determine the efficacy and tolerability of selinexor in combination with mFOLFOX6 in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer by~- Toxicity (acc. to NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTC AE) v4.03)" (NCT02384850)
Timeframe: treatment start to up to 30 days after last dose

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Patients with AEs of any CTCAE GradePatients with AEs of at least CTCAE Grade 3Patients with Selinexor related AEs of any GradePatients with Selinexor related AEs of at least Grade 3Patients with chemotherapy related AEs of any GradePatients with chemotherapy related AEs of at least Grade 3Patients with AEs leading to discontinuationPatients with at least 1 SAEPatients with at least 1 SAE related to SelinexorPatients with at least 1 SAE related to chemotherapy
Selinexor 20mg + mFOLFOX66645632313
Selinexor 40 mg+ mFOLFOX64444442211

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Number of Patients Still Alive at End of Study (Overall Survival)

"Secondary objectives are to determine the efficacy and tolerability of selinexor in combination with mFOLFOX6 in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer by~- Overall survival (OS)~Overall survial is defined as length of time from start of treatment that patients are still alive. For this time-to-event variables the Kaplan-Meier method was intended to be used" (NCT02384850)
Timeframe: 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Selinexor 40 mg+ mFOLFOX60
Selinexor 20mg + mFOLFOX62

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Change From Baseline in DAS28-CRP Score

The DAS28-CRP is a composite measure of inflammation in RA and incorporates a tender and swollen joint count, CRP and patient global assessment of disease activity expressed in a gaussian distribution of variables ranging from 0 to 10. A DAS28-CRP score of <3.2 suggests a low level of disease activity, while a score of >5.1 suggests a high level of disease activity. Using the DAS-CRP as a continuous scale allows investigators (and clinicians) to measure a clinically meaningful endpoint following institution of a therapeutic intervention. In RA, clinical remission would therefore be graded as a DAS28 score of ≤3.2 with disease flare accompanying scores of ≥5.1; well-controlled disease is best characterized as fitting in between these two scores. (NCT02393378)
Timeframe: Baseline Up to Week 42

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Week 2Week 6Week 10Week 12Week 18Week 24Week 32Week 42
Adalimumab 40 mg-0.55-1.36-1.74-1.94-2.05-2.04-1.89-1.99
Namilumab 150 mg-0.78-1.58-1.83-2.12-2.72-2.99-2.38-1.57

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Change From Baseline in Synovitis, Erosion and Bone Marrow Edema (Osteitis) Score at Week 24

A Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and Wrist of the dominant hand was performed at the baseline and at week 24. Change from the Baseline was assessed according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Clinical Trials RA-MRI scoring (OMERACT RAMRIS) Standard. RAMRIS score is the sum of its core components: Synovitis Score, Edema Score, and Erosion Score. Synovitis is scored from 0 (normal) to 9 (maximum distension of synovial cavity). Edema is scored 0 (normal) to 69 (maximum articular bone involvement). Erosion is scored from 0 (normal) to 230 (maximum erosion of articular bone). Total RAMRIS score=0 (normal), maximum RAMRIS score=308 (severe structural damage). For Synovial Score, Edema Score, Erosion Score, and RAMRIS score, increasing number = increasing severity. (NCT02393378)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Erosion Score, Change at Week 24Synovitis Score, Change at Week 24Osteitis Score, Change at Week 24
Adalimumab 40 mg0.500.17-0.33
Namilumab 150 mg0.00-1.50-2.00

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Number of Participants Who Achieved ACR 20, 50, and 70 at Week 24

The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20 is composite index of improvement in RA proposed by the ACR. ACR20 refers to a composite improvement of 20% in swollen joint count, tender joint count, and 3 or more of the following 5 measures: Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity, Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity, Patient Pain VAS, Patient's self-addressed disability (HAQ), Acute-phase reactant (ESR or CRP) The ACR 50 and ACR 70 are similar tools, used to indicate 50% and 70% improvement, respectively. (NCT02393378)
Timeframe: Week 24

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
ACR 20ACR 50ACR 70
Adalimumab 40 mg221
Namilumab 150 mg432

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Number of Participants Who Achieved Remission at Week 24

Remission is defined as the number of participants who achieved Disease Activity Score 28 based on C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) score <2.6. The DAS28-CRP is a composite measure of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and incorporates a tender and swollen joint count, CRP and patient global assessment of disease activity expressed in a gaussian distribution of variables ranging from 0 to 10. A DAS28-CRP score of <3.2 suggests a low level of disease activity, while a score of >5.1 suggests a high level of disease activity. Using the DAS-CRP as a continuous scale allows investigators (and clinicians) to measure a clinically meaningful endpoint following institution of a therapeutic intervention. In RA, clinical remission would therefore be graded as a DAS28 score of ≤2.6 with disease flare accompanying scores of ≥5.1; well-controlled disease is best characterized as fitting in between these two scores. (NCT02393378)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Adalimumab 40 mg0
Namilumab 150 mg2

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Number of Participants Who Achieved Low Disease Activity at Week 24

Disease Activity Score 28 based on C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) low disease activity is defined as a score <3.2. The DAS28-CRP is a composite measure of inflammation in RA and incorporates a tender and swollen joint count, CRP and patient global assessment of disease activity expressed in a gaussian distribution of variables ranging from 0 to 10. A DAS28-CRP score of <3.2 suggests a low level of disease activity, while a score of >5.1 suggests a high level of disease activity. Using the DAS-CRP as a continuous scale allows investigators (and clinicians) to measure a clinically meaningful endpoint following institution of a therapeutic intervention. In RA, clinical remission would therefore be graded as a DAS28 score of ≤2.6 with disease flare accompanying scores of ≥5.1; well-controlled disease is best characterized as fitting in between these two scores. (NCT02393378)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Adalimumab 40 mg2
Namilumab 150 mg4

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Change From Baseline in Dynamic Contrast-enhanced - Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) Parameters at Week 24

DCE-MRI was used to measure synovial vascular perfusion. The change from baseline in DCE-MRI parameters of synovial vascular perfusion at Week 24 were measured. (NCT02393378)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

InterventionmL (Mean)
Adalimumab 40 mg0.016
Namilumab 150 mg-0.052

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events

adverse events includes injection site reactions, influenza-like symptoms, infection, fever, tumor, cardiovascular event, drug-induced liver and kidney damage. (NCT02467504)
Timeframe: Up to week 24

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Experimental11
Placebo Comparator9

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The Change From Baseline of Patient's Assessment of Arthritis Pain (PtAAP)

VAS score from 0 to 100 for Patient's Assessment of Arthritis Pain higher scores mean a worse outcome. The change from baseline of PtAAP, the minimum is -100, the maximum is 100. (NCT02467504)
Timeframe: week 12, week 24

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
week 24week 12
Experimental-57.5-57.1
Placebo Comparator-33.3-27.3

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The Change From Baseline of Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI)

"Clinical Disease Activity Index(CDAI), the minimum is 0, the maximum is 76. higher scores mean a worse outcome.~The change of from baseline of CDAI, the minimum is -76, the maximum is 76. higher scores mean a worse outcome." (NCT02467504)
Timeframe: week 12, week 24

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
week 24week 12
Experimental-17.5-15.0
Placebo Comparator-11-8.0

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The Change From Baseline of a Health Assessment Questionnaire- Disability Index (HAQ-DI)

"The domains of the HAQ-DI are dressing and grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip and common daily activities. The total score ranges from 0 to 3 with lower scores meaning lower disability.~The change from baseline of HAQ-DI, minimum is -3, the maximum is 3. higher scores mean a worse outcome." (NCT02467504)
Timeframe: week 12, week 24

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
week 24week 12
Experimental-0.63-0.50
Placebo Comparator-0.38-0.25

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Percentage of Participants Meeting the American College of Rheumatology 70% Response Criteria

The assessments are based on a 70% or greater improvement from Baseline in the number of tender joints, a 70%, or more improvement in the number of swollen joints, and a 70% or greater improvement in 3 of the 5 remaining core set measures: Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PtGADA), Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PhGADA), Patient's Assessment of Arthritis Pain (PtAAP), physical function as assessed by the Health Assessment Questionnaire - Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP). (NCT02467504)
Timeframe: week 12, week 24

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
week 24week 12
Experimental42
Placebo Comparator20

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The Change From Baseline of Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PtGADA)

VAS score from 0 to 100 for Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity Higher scores mean a worse outcome. The change from baseline of PtGADA, the minimum is -100, the maximum is 100. Higher scores mean a worse outcome. (NCT02467504)
Timeframe: week 12, week 24

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
week 24week 12
Experimental-57.5-57.1
Placebo Comparator-33.3-33.3

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Percentage of Participants Meeting the American College of Rheumatology 50% Response Criteria

The assessments are based on a 50% or greater improvement from Baseline in the number of tender joints, a 50%, or more improvement in the number of swollen joints, and a 50% or greater improvement in 3 of the 5 remaining core set measures: Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PtGADA), Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PhGADA), Patient's Assessment of Arthritis Pain (PtAAP), physical function as assessed by the Health Assessment Questionnaire - Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP). (NCT02467504)
Timeframe: week 12, week 24

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
week 24weed 12
Experimental106
Placebo Comparator83

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Percentage of Participants Meeting the American College of Rheumatology 20% Response Criteria

The assessments are based on a 20% or greater improvement from Baseline in the number of tender joints, a 20%, or more improvement in the number of swollen joints, and a 20% or greater improvement in 3 of the 5 remaining core set measures: Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PtGADA), Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PhGADA), Patient's Assessment of Arthritis Pain (PtAAP), physical function as assessed by the Health Assessment Questionnaire - Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP). (NCT02467504)
Timeframe: week 12, week 24

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
week 24week 12
Experimental1312
Placebo Comparator1310

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Percentage of Participants Meeting the 2011 American College of Rheumatology/ European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) Remission Criteria Simplified for Clinical Practice

The 2011 ACR/EULAR remission criteria simplified for clinical practice is defined as:Tender Joint Count (TJC) ≤ 1, Swollen Joint Count (SJC) ≤ 1 and Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PtGADA) ≤ 1. (NCT02467504)
Timeframe: week 12, week 24

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
week 24week 12
Experimental20
Placebo Comparator10

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Percentage of Participants Achieving DAS28 Low Disease Activity.

Low disease activity is defined by a disease activity score (28 joint) calculated using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) of less than 3.2 (NCT02467504)
Timeframe: week 12, week 24

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
week 24week 12
Experimental87
Placebo Comparator97

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Percentage of Participants Achieving a Good or Moderate European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Response

"Good response is defined as: DAS28-ESR ≤ 3.2 and decrease from Baseline by > 1.2.~moderate response is defined as achievement of one of the following: DAS28-ESR ≤ 3.2 and decrease from Baseline > 0.6 and ≤ 1.2 DAS28-ESR > 3.2 and ≤ 5.1 and decrease from Baseline > 0.6 DAS28-ESR > 5.1 and decrease from Baseline >1.2." (NCT02467504)
Timeframe: week 12, week 24

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
week 24week 12
Experimental1715
Placebo Comparator2014

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Work Productivity Survey - Rheumatoid Arthritis [WPS-RA]-2

In the last month, number of work days missed, number of work days with reduced productivity. In the last month, number of days with no household work, number of days with reduced household work productivity, number of days with hired outside help, number of days missed of family/social/leisure activities in the last month.higher scores mean a worse outcome. (NCT02467504)
Timeframe: week 24

,
Interventiondays (Median)
number of work days with reduced productivitynumber of work days missedHousehold work days missed due to arthritisDays with household work productivity reducedDays with activities missed due to arthritisDays with outside help hired due to arthritis
Experimental3.5001550
Placebo Comparator0001200

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The Change From Baseline of Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI)

"Simplified Disease Activity Index(SDAI). the minimum is 0, the maximum is 96. higher scores mean worse outcome.~The change from baseline of SDAI. the minimum is -96, the maximum is 96. higher scores mean worse outcome." (NCT02467504)
Timeframe: week 12, week 24

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
week 24week 12
Experimental-19.0-16.9
Placebo Comparator-12.1-9.2

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The Change From Baseline of Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PhGADA)

VAS score from 0 to 100 for Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity higher scores mean a worse outcome. The change from baseline, the minimum is -100, the maximum is 100. (NCT02467504)
Timeframe: week 12, week 24

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
week 24week 12
Experimental-58.3-57.1
Placebo Comparator-44.4-25.0

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The Scores of SF-36 Quetionnaire

Score ranging from 0 to 100 with higher scores a better outcome. (NCT02467504)
Timeframe: week 12, week 24

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
week 24week 12
Experimental15.2924.32
Placebo Comparator6.9027.25

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Percentage of Participants Achieving DAS28 Remission.

DAS 28 remission is defined by a disease activity score (28 joint) calculated using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) of less than 2.6 (NCT02467504)
Timeframe: week 24

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Experimental6
Placebo Comparator6

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C Reactive Protein (CRP)

(NCT02467504)
Timeframe: week 12, week 24

,
Interventionmg/L (Mean)
week 24week 12
Experimental21.69.5
Placebo Comparator15.327.8

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Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

(NCT02467504)
Timeframe: week 12, week 24

,
Interventionmillimeter/hour (Mean)
Week 24Week 12
Experimental43.329.6
Placebo Comparator36.828.3

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Percentage of CD4+ Treg Cells

analysis regulatory CD4+ T(Treg) cells before and during IL-2 treatment. P values<0.05 are considered statistically significant. (NCT02467504)
Timeframe: week 12, week 24

,
Interventionpercentage of CD4+ T cells (Mean)
Week 24Week 12
Experimental6.946.84
Placebo Comparator6.465.37

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Work Productivity Survey - Rheumatoid Arthritis [WPS-RA]

The Arthritis interference in the last month with work productivity is measured on a scale that ranges from 0 (no interference) to 10 (complete interference). The Arthritis interference in the last month with household work productivity is measured on a scale that ranges from 0 (no interference) to 10 (complete interference).higher scores mean a worse outcome. (NCT02467504)
Timeframe: week 24

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
rate of Arthritis interferenceRate of arthritis interference with household work
Experimental35
Placebo Comparator25

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Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Disease Activity Score for 28 Different Joints With C-reactive Protein Value (DAS28{CRP}) Remission (DAS28 <2.6) at Week 24

DAS28 is a modification of the original DAS and is based on a count of 28 swollen and tender joints and is used to evaluate a participant's response to treatment. DAS 28 CRP utilizing joint scores from the following 28 joints: elbows, shoulders, elbow, wrists, metacarpal- phalangeal I-V, proximal interphalangeal I-V and knees and is calculated using the following formula: DAS28 (CRP) = 0.56*√(TJC28) +0.28*√(SJC28)+0.014*GH+0.36*ln(CRP+1)+0.96. Where TJC - Tender joint Count, SJC= Swollen Joint Count, (GH=participant assessment of disease activity using a 100 millimeter [mm] visual analogue scale with 0 = best, 100 = worst) and CRP= C reactive Protein (in [milligrams/liter] mg/L). It ranges between 0.96 and 8.61. High score (worse outcome) and low scores (better outcome). ITT population comprised of all participants who were randomized to treatment and who received at least one dose of study treatment (GSK3196165 or placebo). (NCT02504671)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo3
GSK3196165 22.5 mg5
GSK3196165 45 mg16
GSK3196165 90 mg19
GSK3196165 135 mg14
GSK3196165 180 mg14

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Time to First DAS28(CRP) Remission

The DAS index combines information relating to the number of swollen and tender joints. The DAS28 is a modification of the original DAS and is based on a count of 28 swollen and tender joints and is used to evaluate a participant's response to treatment. DAS 28 CRP utilizing joint scores from the following 28 joints: elbows, shoulders, elbow, wrists, metacarpal- phalangeal I-V, proximal interphalangeal I-V and knees and is calculated using the following formula: DAS28 (CRP) = 0.56*√(TJC28) +0.28*√(SJC28)+0.014*GH+0.36*ln(CRP+1)+0.96. Where TJC - Tender joint Count, SJC= Swollen Joint Count, (GH=participant assessment of disease activity using a 100 mm visual analogue scale with 0 = best, 100 = worst) and CRP= C reactive Protein (in mg/L). It ranges between 0.96 and 8.61. High score (worse outcome) and low scores (better outcome). Median time, to remission has been presented. (NCT02504671)
Timeframe: Up to Week 62

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Placebo9.10
GSK3196165 22.5 mg12.05
GSK3196165 45 mg16.10
GSK3196165 90 mg8.10
GSK3196165 135 mg19.90
GSK3196165 180 mg18.20

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Change From Baseline in Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) Question 3 at All Assessment Time Points

BFI is a self-reported instrument consisting of nine questions which correlate well with quality-of-life measures. For this study, Question 3 only was used which asked about fatigue severity at its worst in the last 24 hours. A discrete 11 unit numeric reporting scale was used where 0 =No fatigue, and 10=As bad as you can imagine. Baseline was defined as the last available assessment prior to the start of study treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the post dose visit value from the Baseline value. (NCT02504671)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 12, 24

,,,,,
InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Week 4,n=34,34,36,37, 36, 36Week 12,n=34,35,35,37, 35, 36Week 24,n=8,14,21,24, 19, 34
GSK3196165 135 mg-1.86-2.07-2.59
GSK3196165 180 mg-1.53-2.20-2.41
GSK3196165 22.5 mg-0.67-1.26-2.19
GSK3196165 45 mg-1.10-1.83-1.76
GSK3196165 90 mg-1.60-2.02-2.03
Placebo-0.60-0.63-1.83

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Change From Baseline in CDAI at All Assessment Time Points

CDAI combines information relating to the number of swollen and tender joints, in addition to a measure of general health from both the participants and the physician. CDAI utilizing joint scores from the following 28 joints: elbows, shoulders, elbow, wrists, metacarpal- phalangeal I-V, proximal interphalangeal I-V and knees and is calculated using the following formula: CDAI =TJC28 + SJC28 + GH + GP Where TJC - Tender joint Count, SJC= Swollen Joint Count, (GH=participant assessment of disease activity and GP=physician assessment of disease activity using a 10 cm visual analogue scale with 0 = best, 100 = worst). It ranges between 0 and 76. High score indicates worse outcome, low score indicates better outcome. Baseline was defined as the last available assessment prior to the start of study treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the post dose visit value from the Baseline value. (NCT02504671)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24

,,,,,
InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
CDAI, Week 1, n=36,36,33,36, 35, 37CDAI, Week 2,n=35,34,36,37, 36, 37CDAI, Week 4,n=33,33,35,36, 36, 36CDAI, Week 6,n=35,35,33,37, 34, 36CDAI, Week 8,n=34,33,35,37, 35, 34CDAI, Week 12,n=34,35,35,37, 35, 36CDAI, Week 16,n=8,16,21,23, 18, 36CDAI, Week 20,n=8,15,21,25, 18, 35CDAI, Week 24,n=8,14,21,24, 19, 33
GSK3196165 135 mg-5.23-10.35-12.88-13.82-17.94-16.26-21.14-23.46-21.19
GSK3196165 180 mg-8.73-11.10-17.14-18.37-21.36-23.23-24.47-25.58-25.65
GSK3196165 22.5 mg-5.18-8.42-12.15-13.68-13.98-13.40-17.30-15.87-15.14
GSK3196165 45 mg-5.18-7.72-11.68-14.05-16.17-16.39-21.94-22.31-20.88
GSK3196165 90 mg-5.76-9.45-14.15-14.83-16.31-20.47-22.05-22.81-20.67
Placebo-1.34-4.25-4.95-8.20-7.57-6.59-15.61-16.91-5.77

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Change From Baseline in DAS28(CRP) at All Assessment Time Points

DAS28 is a modification of the original DAS and is based on a count of 28 swollen and tender joints and is used to evaluate a participant's response to treatment. DAS 28 CRP utilizing joint scores from the following 28 joints: elbows, shoulders, elbow, wrists, metacarpal- phalangeal I-V, proximal interphalangeal I-V and knees and is calculated using the following formula: DAS28 (CRP) = 0.56*√(TJC28) +0.28*√(SJC28)+0.014*GH+0.36*ln(CRP+1)+0.96. Where TJC - Tender joint Count, SJC= Swollen Joint Count, (GH=participant assessment of disease activity using a 100 mm visual analogue scale with 0 = best, 100 = worst) and CRP= C reactive Protein (in mg/L). It ranges between 0.96 and 8.61. High score (worse outcome) and low scores (better outcome). Baseline was defined as the last available assessment prior to the start of study treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the post-dose visit value from the Baseline. (NCT02504671)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24

,,,,,
InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Week 1; n=35, 36, 33, 35, 34, 37Week 2; n=36, 35, 34, 36, 36, 36Week 4; n=32, 33, 34, 36, 36, 36Week 6; n=35, 34, 34, 36, 33, 36Week 8; n=34, 33, 34, 37, 35, 32Week 12; n=34, 35, 33, 37, 34, 36Week 16; n=8, 16, 20, 24, 18, 36Week 20; n=8, 15, 20, 25, 19, 36Week 24; n=8, 14, 20, 24, 19, 33
GSK3196165 135 mg-0.55-0.84-1.12-1.12-1.51-1.28-1.64-2.00-1.71
GSK3196165 180 mg-0.63-0.88-1.46-1.51-1.72-1.87-1.98-2.03-2.05
GSK3196165 22.5 mg-0.47-0.64-0.85-1.07-1.04-1.13-1.16-1.30-1.45
GSK3196165 45 mg-0.44-0.69-1.01-1.12-1.40-1.48-1.86-1.81-1.76
GSK3196165 90 mg-0.52-0.78-1.21-1.26-1.44-1.84-1.88-1.89-1.62
Placebo-0.14-0.37-0.45-0.65-0.61-0.60-0.87-1.23-0.23

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Change From Baseline in DAS28(CRP) at Week 12

DAS28 is a modification of the original DAS and is based on a count of 28 swollen and tender joints and is used to evaluate a participant's response to treatment. DAS 28 CRP utilizing joint scores from the following 28 joints: elbows, shoulders, elbow, wrists, metacarpal- phalangeal I-V, proximal interphalangeal I-V and knees and is calculated using the following formula: DAS28 (CRP) = 0.56*√(TJC28) +0.28*√(SJC28)+0.014*GH+0.36*ln(CRP+1)+0.96. Where TJC - Tender joint Count, SJC= Swollen Joint Count, (GH=participant global assessment of disease activity (PtGA) using a 100 mm visual analogue scale with 0 = best, 100 = worst) and CRP= C reactive Protein (in mg/L). It ranges between 0.96 and 8.61. High score (worse outcome) and low scores (better outcome). Baseline was defined as the last available assessment prior to the start of study treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the post dose visit value from the Baseline value. (NCT02504671)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

,,,,,
InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
CRPPtGASJC28TJC28
GSK3196165 135 mg-7.71-19.35-5.33-6.43
GSK3196165 180 mg-7.21-23.90-8.39-9.13
GSK3196165 22.5 mg-4.75-14.40-4.77-5.11
GSK3196165 45 mg-8.57-20.40-5.52-6.73
GSK3196165 90 mg-7.79-24.11-6.91-8.53
Placebo-5.21-6.72-2.35-2.81

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Change From Baseline in Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)-Fatigue at All Assessment Time Points

The FACIT-fatigue questionnaire is a participant reported measure developed to assess fatigue consisting of 13 statements regarding feeling fatigue using a numeric rating scale ranging from 0 to 4. For only two of the items (i.e. Answer 5 [An5] and An7) a higher value represents a lower fatigue; 11 of the item scores (i.e. HI7, HI12, An1, An2, An3, An4, An8, An12, An14, An15, An16) have to be reversed by subtracting the captured value from 4 (0 is turned to a 4; 1 into 3; 3 into 1; 4 into 0). After performing the reversals the sum of the non-missing individual items were multiplied by 13 and divided by the number of the non-missing individual items. The final score ranges from 0 to 52 with higher values representing a lower fatigue (i.e. a better quality of life). Baseline was defined as the last available assessment prior to the start of study treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the post dose visit value from the Baseline value. (NCT02504671)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 12, 24

,,,,,
InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Week 4,n=34,34,36,37, 36, 36Week 12,n=34,35,35,37, 35, 36Week 24,n=8,14,21,24, 19, 34
GSK3196165 135 mg6.737.288.28
GSK3196165 180 mg5.978.709.43
GSK3196165 22.5 mg2.515.298.31
GSK3196165 45 mg4.665.917.09
GSK3196165 90 mg5.716.446.74
Placebo3.163.377.56

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Change From Baseline in Health Assessment Questionnaire - Disability Index (HAQ-DI) at All Assessment Time Points

HAQ-DI is 20-question instrument that assesses the degree of difficulty a person has in accomplishing tasks in eight functional areas;dressing and grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip, and common daily activities. Each functional area contains at least two questions. For each question, there is a four level response set that is scored from 0 (without any difficulty) to 3 (unable to do). If aids or devices or physical assistance are used for a specific functional area and the maximum response of this functional area is 0 or 1 the according value is increased to a score of 2. HAQ-DI is only calculated if there are at least 6 functional area scores available. The average of these non-missing functional area scores defines the continuous HAQ-DI score ranging from 0 to 3. Baseline was defined as the last available assessment prior to the start of study treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the post dose visit value from the Baseline value. (NCT02504671)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24

,,,,,
InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
HAQ-DI, Week 1,n=36,36,35,36, 36, 37HAQ-DI, Week 2,n=36,35,37,37, 36, 37HAQ-DI, Week 4,n=34,34,36,37, 36, 36HAQ-DI, Week 6,n=35,35,35,37, 36, 36HAQ-DI, Week 8,n=34,34,35,37, 35, 34HAQ-DI, Week 12,n=34,35, 35, 37,35, 36HAQ-DI, Week 16,n=8,16,21,24, 18, 36HAQ-DI, Week 20,n=8,15,21,25, 19, 36HAQ-DI, Week 24,n=8,14,21,24, 19, 34
GSK3196165 135 mg-0.13-0.25-0.29-0.21-0.35-0.38-0.40-0.49-0.42
GSK3196165 180 mg-0.17-0.26-0.40-0.43-0.42-0.50-0.50-0.56-0.54
GSK3196165 22.5 mg-0.08-0.13-0.18-0.22-0.18-0.31-0.33-0.37-0.32
GSK3196165 45 mg-0.08-0.16-0.17-0.27-0.33-0.30-0.38-0.42-0.41
GSK3196165 90 mg-0.10-0.23-0.29-0.33-0.31-0.37-0.57-0.51-0.43
Placebo-0.09-0.17-0.22-0.23-0.22-0.26-0.49-0.35-0.34

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Change From Baseline in Pain Score at All Assessment Time Points

Participants assessed the severity of their current arthritis pain using a 100 unit visual analog scale (VAS) by placing a mark on the scale between 0 (no pain) and 100 (most severe pain), which corresponds to the magnitude of their pain. Baseline was defined as the last available assessment prior to the start of study treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the post dose visit value from the Baseline value. (NCT02504671)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20 and Week 24

,,,,,
InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Week 1,n=36,36,35,36, 36,37Week 2,n=36,35,37,37,36,37Week 4,n=34,34,36,37, 36,36Week 6,n=35,35,35,37, 36, 36Week 8,n=34,34,35,37, 35,34Week 12,n=34, 35,35,37, 35, 36Week 16,n=8,16,21,24, 18, 16Week 20,n=8,15,21,25, 19,36Week 24,n=8,14,21,24, 19, 34
GSK3196165 135 mg-7.18-11.63-13.39-14.05-20.49-19.07-25.80-27.86-26.61
GSK3196165 180 mg-7.89-14.22-19.40-19.12-24.38-25.01-24.48-27.17-30.08
GSK3196165 22.5 mg-4.71-6.71-8.47-11.18-9.60-14.09-17.50-14.64-19.76
GSK3196165 45 mg-5.02-9.77-14.83-14.71-18.55-21.22-28.56-27.12-23.52
GSK3196165 90 mg-9.96-11.37-17.65-15.05-17.92-25.25-26.46-27.44-25.45
Placebo-2.25-3.79-5.44-6.69-3.98-7.07-12.60-13.95-13.38

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Change From Baseline in Physical and Mental Component Scores (PCS, MCS) and in Domain Scores of Short Form 36 (SF-36) at All Assessment Time Points

SF-36 is a generic health survey containing 36 questions covering 8 domains of health. SF-36 yields an 8-scale profile of functional health and well-being scores as well as PCS and MCS health summary scores. The version 2, 1-week recall questionnaire was used. Recoding, calculations and standardization were done as per the User's manual of SF-36. Domain scores were only calculated if less than half of the item scores were missing. All raw domain scores were transformed on a 0-100 scale (transformed domain scores) and then standardized into norm-based scores using Z-score. Following the transformation of the 8 domain scores into z-scores, the MCS and PCS were aggregated (AGG) using weights as PCS/MCS = 50 + (AGG_PHYS *10/AGG_MENT *10). High score (worse outcome) and low score (better outcome). Baseline was defined as the last available assessment prior to the start of study treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the post dose visit value from the Baseline value. (NCT02504671)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 12, 24

,,,,,
InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
PCS, Week 4,n=34,34,36,37,36,36,PCS Week 12,n=34,35,35,37,35,36PCS, Week 24,n=8,14,21,24,19,34MCS, Week 4,n=34,34,36,37,36,36,MCS, Week 12,n=34,35,35,37,35,36,MCS, Week 24,n=8,14,21,24,19,34Bodily pain, Week 4,n=34,34,36,37,36,36,Bodily pain, Week 12,n=34,35,35,37,35,36Bodily pain, Week 24,n=8,14,21,24,19,34General Health, Week 4,n=34,34,36,37,36,36General health, Week 12,n=34,35,35,37,35,36General health, Week 24,n=8,14,21,24,19,34Mental health, Week 4,n=34,34,36,37,36,36Mental health, Week 12,n=34,35,35,37,35,36Mental health, Week 24,n=8,14,21,24,19,34Physical functioning, Week 4,n=34,34,36,37,36,36Physical functioning, Week 12,n=34,35,35,37,35,36Physical functioning, Week 24,n=8,14,21,24,19,34Role emotional, Week 4,n=34,34,36,37,36,36Role emotional, Week 12,n=34,35,35,37,35,36Role emotional, Week 24,n=8,14,21,24,19,34Role physical, Week 4,n=34,34,36,37,36,36Role physical, Week 12,n=34,35,35,37,35,36Role physical, Week 24,n=8,14,21,24,19,34Social functioning, Week 4,n=34,34,36,37,36,36Social functioning, Week 12,n=34,35,35,37,35,36Social functioning, Week 24,n=8,14,21,24,19,34Vitality, Week 4,n=34,34,36,37,36,36Vitality, Week 12,n=34,35,35,37,35,36Vitality, Week 24,n=8,14,21,24,19,34
GSK3196165 135 mg4.805.317.504.525.515.425.976.018.873.433.143.843.494.684.965.185.847.404.965.936.064.025.997.595.226.327.976.556.838.04
GSK3196165 180 mg5.976.976.993.466.797.867.607.349.353.724.735.423.695.727.825.757.767.583.777.548.184.807.917.255.678.698.605.258.167.81
GSK3196165 22.5 mg2.464.887.032.864.864.502.415.437.011.273.075.363.774.874.133.975.806.293.095.196.573.015.167.651.954.905.412.946.166.62
GSK3196165 45 mg5.055.846.633.815.006.366.246.729.202.774.304.834.525.496.095.685.996.523.085.526.164.046.286.275.444.347.875.487.107.83
GSK3196165 90 mg4.475.157.802.824.663.025.445.997.361.903.024.603.624.773.424.845.987.163.355.104.364.565.497.502.844.624.524.546.377.65
Placebo1.863.425.343.363.544.072.523.904.151.782.442.073.642.272.813.302.986.934.374.855.662.154.566.382.274.348.311.914.194.68

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Change From Baseline in SDAI at All Assessment Time Points

SDAI combines information relating to the number of swollen and tender joints, in addition to a measure of general health from both the participants and the physician and acute phase reactants. The SDAI utilizing joint scores from the following 28 joints: elbows, shoulders, elbow, wrists, metacarpal-phalangeal I-V, proximal interphalangeal I-V and knees. It is calculated using the following formula: SDAI = TJC28 + SJC28 + GH + GP + CRP Where TJC - Tender joint Count, SJC= Swollen Joint Count, (GH=participant assessment, GP= physician assessment of disease activity using a 10 centimetre [cm] visual analogue scale [VAS] with 0 = best, 10 = worst), and CRP= C reactive Protein (in mg/L). It ranges between 0.1 and 86. High score indicates worse outcome, low score indicates better outcome. Baseline was defined as the last available assessment prior to the start of study treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the post dose visit value from the Baseline value. (NCT02504671)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24

,,,,,
InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
SDAI, Week 1,n=35,36,32,35, 34, 37SDAI, Week 2,n=35,34,34,36,36,36SDAI, Week 4,n=32,33,34,35, 36, 36SDAI, Week 6,n=35,34,33,36,32, 36SDAI, Week 8,n=34,33,34,37, 35, 32SDAI, Week 12,n=34,35,33,37, 34, 36SDAI, Week 16,n=8,16,20,23, 18, 36SDAI, Week 20,n=8,15,20,25, 18, 35SDAI, Week 24,n=8,14,20,24, 19, 33
GSK3196165 135 mg-6.31-11.22-13.97-15.70-19.26-16.73-21.68-24.06-21.28
GSK3196165 180 mg-9.30-11.40-18.03-18.86-22.09-23.90-25.08-26.17-26.27
GSK3196165 22.5 mg-5.62-8.62-12.30-14.36-14.66-13.95-17.53-16.67-16.05
GSK3196165 45 mg-5.20-9.28-12.81-14.99-17.23-17.41-22.64-23.17-21.77
GSK3196165 90 mg-5.86-10.03-14.76-15.50-16.95-21.20-22.91-23.47-21.07
Placebo-1.53-4.56-5.53-8.70-8.08-7.05-15.64-17.47-5.40

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious AEs (SAEs)

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participants, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. SAE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose results in death, is life-threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, is associated with liver injury and impaired liver function or any other situations as per Medical or Scientific judgment. Overall AEs and SAEs for the entire study duration until follow-up have been presented. (NCT02504671)
Timeframe: Up to 62 weeks

,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Any AEAny SAE
GSK3196165 135 mg282
GSK3196165 180 mg240
GSK3196165 22.5 mg242
GSK3196165 45 mg261
GSK3196165 90 mg282
Placebo261

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Percentage of Participants With Index-based ACR/EULAR Remission Rates at All Assessment Time Points

Index-based remission was achieved if the following requirement was met: SDAI <= 3.3. If the SDAI value was missing at an individual assessment point, Index-based remission for that assessment was set to missing. (NCT02504671)
Timeframe: Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52 and Week 62 (follow-up)

,,,,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Index based ACR/EULAR, Week 1Index based ACR/EULAR, Week 2Index based ACR/EULAR, Week 4Index based ACR/EULAR, Week 6Index based ACR/EULAR, Week 8Index based ACR/EULAR, Week 12Index based ACR/EULAR, Week 16Index based ACR/EULAR, Week 20Index based ACR/EULAR, Week 24Index based ACR/EULAR, Week 28Index based ACR/EULAR, Week 32Index based ACR/EULAR, Week 36Index based ACR/EULAR, Week 40Index based ACR/EULAR, Week 44Index based ACR/EULAR, Week 48Index based ACR/EULAR, Week 52Index based ACR/EULAR, Week 62 (follow-up)
GSK3196165 135 mg0003333388814551155
GSK3196165 180 mg033333555141151483814
GSK3196165 22.5 mg00000000000333350
GSK3196165 45 mg0000003555141111811148
GSK3196165 90 mg003333141181188811853
Placebo00003300000000000

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Percentage of Participants With Boolean-based ACR/EULAR Remission Rates at All Assessment Time Points

Boolean-based remission was achieved if all of the following requirements were met at the same time: TJC68 <= 1,SJC66 <= 1,CRP <= 1mg/dL, PtGA <= 10. If one of the components was missing at an individual assessment point, Boolean-based remission for that assessment was set to missing. (NCT02504671)
Timeframe: Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52 and Week 62 (follow-up)

,,,,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Boolean based ACR/EULAR, Week 1Boolean based ACR/EULAR, Week 2Boolean based ACR/EULAR, Week 4Boolean based ACR/EULAR, Week 6Boolean based ACR/EULAR, Week 8Boolean based ACR/EULAR, Week 12Boolean based ACR/EULAR, Week 16Boolean based ACR/EULAR, Week 20Boolean based ACR/EULAR, Week 24Boolean based ACR/EULAR, Week 28Boolean based ACR/EULAR, Week 32Boolean based ACR/EULAR, Week 36Boolean based ACR/EULAR, Week 40Boolean based ACR/EULAR, Week 44Boolean based ACR/EULAR, Week 48Boolean based ACR/EULAR, Week 52Boolean based ACR/EULAR, Week 62 (follow-up)
GSK3196165 135 mg000330335558551153
GSK3196165 180 mg03035355355385355
GSK3196165 22.5 mg00000000000000300
GSK3196165 45 mg0000003535588118118
GSK3196165 90 mg00003858885588333
Placebo00000000000000000

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Percentage of Participants With American College of Rheumatology's (ACR) 20/50/70 Response Rates at All Assessment Time Points

The ACR definition for calculating improvement in rheumatoid arthritis is calculated as a 20% improvement (ACR20) in both tender and swollen joint counts and 20% improvement in 3 of the 5 remaining ACR-core set measures: participant and physician global assessments, participant's assessment of arthritis pain, disability, and an acute-phase reactant (i.e. CRP value). Similarly, ACR50 and ACR70 were calculated with the respective percent improvement. The specific components of the ACR assessments are as follows: Tender/Painful Joint count 68 (TJC68), Swollen Joint Count 66 (SJC66), Participant's Assessment of Arthritis Pain, Participant's Global Assessment of Arthritis Disease Activity, Physician's Global Assessment of Arthritis, CRP (mg/L) and Health Assessment Questionnaire - Disability Index (HAQ-DI). For all visits, if any of the component scores were missing, then those scores were considered as not having met the criteria for improvement. (NCT02504671)
Timeframe: Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52 and Week 62 (follow-up)

,,,,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 1, ACR 20Week 1, ACR 50Week 1, ACR 70Week 2, ACR 20Week 2, ACR 50Week 2, ACR 70Week 4, ACR 20Week 4, ACR 50Week 4, ACR 70Week 6, ACR 20Week 6, ACR 50Week 6, ACR 70Week 8, ACR 20Week 8, ACR 50Week 8, ACR 70Week 12, ACR 20Week 12, ACR 50Week 12, ACR 70Week 16, ACR 20Week 16, ACR 50Week 16, ACR 70Week 20, ACR 20Week 20, ACR 50Week 20, ACR 70Week 24, ACR 20Week 24, ACR 50Week 24, ACR 70Week 28, ACR 20Week 28, ACR 50Week 28, ACR 70Week 32, ACR 20Week 32, ACR 50Week 32, ACR 70Week 36, ACR 20Week 36, ACR 50Week 36, ACR 70Week 40, ACR 20Week 40, ACR 50Week 40, ACR 70Week 44, ACR 20Week 44, ACR 50Week 44, ACR 70Week 48, ACR 20Week 48, ACR 50Week 48, ACR 70Week 52, ACR 20Week 52, ACR 50Week 52, ACR 70Week 62 (follow-up), ACR 20Week 62 (follow-up), ACR 50Week 62 (follow-up), ACR 70
GSK3196165 135 mg50035504680351434924841308412711383224412419161611161614161616161411161411161614161614161614
GSK3196165 180 mg1900435046854614551198512211682211593019592719682414543016593514543216543819573522512714432719
GSK3196165 22.5 mg5001930245032502411035113302232411324115888885855885883885885850
GSK3196165 45 mg83014303550308341143412714462714382416412714191614222219191919191616191919191919161616161616
GSK3196165 90 mg110016803211332113461911512419512719542214573014191914221614161111221414191611191681616111183
Placebo00050085022110163311851685168514115333333330333330330330333

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Percentage of Participants Who Achieved DAS28(CRP) Remission (DAS28 <2.6) at All Time Points

DAS28(CRP) remission is defined as a DAS28 score of <2.6 points. The DAS index combines information relating to the number of swollen and tender joints. The DAS28 is a modification of the original DAS and is based on a count of 28 swollen and tender joints and is used to evaluate a participant's response to treatment. DAS 28 CRP utilizing joint scores from the following 28 joints: elbows, shoulders, elbow, wrists, metacarpal- phalangeal I-V, proximal interphalangeal I-V and knees and is calculated using the following formula: DAS28 (CRP) = 0.56*√(TJC28) +0.28*√(SJC28)+0.014*GH+0.36*ln(CRP+1)+0.96. Where TJC - Tender joint Count, SJC= Swollen Joint Count, (GH=participant assessment of disease activity using a 100 mm visual analogue scale with 0 = best, 100 = worst) and CRP= C reactive Protein (in mg/L). It ranges between 0.96 and 8.61. High score (worse outcome) and low scores (better outcome). (NCT02504671)
Timeframe: Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52 and Week 62 (follow-up)

,,,,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 1Week 2Week 4Week 6Week 8Week 12Week 16Week 20Week 24Week 28Week 32Week 36Week 40Week 44Week 48Week 52Week 62 (follow-up)
GSK3196165 135 mg003353514141411161114141411
GSK3196165 180 mg01488161916142219192416191419
GSK3196165 22.5 mg00050830535555550
GSK3196165 45 mg000055141616162219141414148
GSK3196165 90 mg0055142427191916148141614113
Placebo00053303333303033

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Percentage of Participants in Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) Remission

CDAI combines information relating to the number of swollen and tender joints, in addition to a measure of general health from both the participants and the physician. CDAI utilizing joint scores from the following 28 joints: elbows, shoulders, elbow, wrists, metacarpal- phalangeal I-V, proximal interphalangeal I-V and knees and is calculated using the following formula: CDAI =TJC28 + SJC28 + GH + GP Where TJC - Tender joint Count, SJC= Swollen Joint Count, (GH=participant assessment of disease activity and GP=physician assessment of disease activity using a 10 cm visual analogue scale with 0 = best, 100 = worst). It ranges between 0 and 76. High score indicates worse outcome, low score indicates better outcome. Remission was achieved for a non-missing CDAI value <=2.8. (NCT02504671)
Timeframe: Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52 and Week 62 (follow-up)

,,,,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
CDAI, Week 1CDAI, Week 2CDAI, Week 4CDAI, Week 6CDAI, Week 8CDAI, Week 12CDAI, Week 16CDAI, Week 20CDAI, Week 24CDAI, Week 28CDAI, Week 32CDAI, Week 36CDAI, Week 40CDAI, Week 44CDAI, Week 48CDAI, Week 52CDAI, Week 62 (follow-up)
GSK3196165 135 mg0003333385814551155
GSK3196165 180 mg053335555141151458816
GSK3196165 22.5 mg00000030000333300
GSK3196165 45 mg00000033531411111114148
GSK3196165 90 mg0053311161151188811853
Placebo00003300000000000

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Percentage of Participants Achieving Categorical DAS28(CRP) Response (Moderate/Good [European League Against Rheumatism] EULAR Response) at All Assessment Time Points

DAS28(CRP) scores were categorized using EULAR response criteria. Response at a given time point was defined based on the combination of current DAS28 score and the improvement in the current DAS28 score relative to Baseline. The definition of no response, moderate response and good response was as follows: Current DAS28 <=3.2 and DAS28 decrease from Baseline (>1.2=good response), (>0.6 to <=1.2 = moderate response) and (<=0.6 =no response). Current DAS28 >3.2 to <=5.1 and DAS28 decrease from Baseline value (>1.2 =moderate response), (>0.6 to <=1.2 = moderate response) and (<=0.6 =no response). Current DAS28 >5.1 and DAS28 decrease from Baseline value (>1.2=moderate response), (>0.6 to <=1.2 = no response) and (<=0.6 =no response). If the post-Baseline DAS28(CRP) score was missing, then the corresponding EULAR category was set to missing. (NCT02504671)
Timeframe: Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52 and Week 62 (follow-up)

,,,,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 1Week 2Week 4Week 6Week 8Week 12Week 16Week 20Week 24Week 28Week 32Week 36Week 40Week 44Week 48Week 52Week 62 (follow-up)
GSK3196165 135 mg1932434659494343431616161616161616
GSK3196165 180 mg2738686568767373707873736559655154
GSK3196165 22.5 mg22194646434335353288888885
GSK3196165 45 mg1616384359515451461922191919191616
GSK3196165 90 mg2438465165685965541922222219191616
Placebo5141624322222161633333333

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Number of Participants With Worst-case Post-Baseline Results for Pulse Oximetry

Oxygen saturation measures the capacity of blood to transport oxygen to other parts of the body. Oxygen binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells when moving through the lungs. A pulse oximeter uses two frequencies of light (red and infrared) to determine the percentage of hemoglobin in the blood that is saturated with oxygen, that is called as blood oxygen saturation. Baseline was defined as the last available assessment prior to the start of study treatment. The number of participants with blood oxygen level < 80%, 80% to <90% and >=90% have been reported. (NCT02504671)
Timeframe: Up to 62 weeks

,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
< 80%; n=37, 36, 37, 37, 36, 3780% to <90%; n=37, 36, 37, 37, 36, 37>= 90%; n=37, 36, 37, 37, 36, 37
GSK3196165 135 mg0135
GSK3196165 180 mg0037
GSK3196165 22.5 mg0036
GSK3196165 45 mg0037
GSK3196165 90 mg0037
Placebo0037

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Number of Participants With Pulmonary Events

Pulmonary assessments were performed to determine the number of participants with pulmonary events including persistent cough, persistent dyspnea, and persistent Diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Persistent is defined as any event with duration >=15 days. Baseline was defined as the last available assessment prior to the start of study treatment. The number of participants experiencing pulmonary events have been reported. (NCT02504671)
Timeframe: Up to 62 weeks

,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Persistent CoughPersistent DyspneaPersistent DLCO decrease >15% from Baseline
GSK3196165 135 mg003
GSK3196165 180 mg001
GSK3196165 22.5 mg003
GSK3196165 45 mg001
GSK3196165 90 mg010
Placebo112

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Number of Participants With Opportunistic Infections

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participants, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. Opportunistic infections were categorized as AE of special interest. The number of participants with overall opportunistic infections have been presented. (NCT02504671)
Timeframe: Up to 62 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo0
GSK3196165 22.5 mg0
GSK3196165 45 mg0
GSK3196165 90 mg0
GSK3196165 135 mg0
GSK3196165 180 mg0

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Number of Participants With Serious Infections

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participants, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. Serious infections were categorized as AE of special interest. The number of participants with overall serious infections have been presented. (NCT02504671)
Timeframe: Up to 62 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo0
GSK3196165 22.5 mg1
GSK3196165 45 mg0
GSK3196165 90 mg0
GSK3196165 135 mg0
GSK3196165 180 mg0

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4-month Progression-free Survival (PFS) Rate

PFS is defined as the duration of time from start of treatment to time of progression or death, whichever occurs first. Will be estimated using the product-limit method of Kaplan and Meier. Progression is defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.1), as a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study (including baseline sum), or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions. (NCT02508077)
Timeframe: At 4 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment (Panitumumab and FOLFIRI)0

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Overall Response Rate (ORR) Per RECIST 1.1 as Assessed by Blinded Central Imaging

ORR was defined as the percentage of participants in the analysis population who had a Complete Response (CR: Disappearance of all target lesions) or a Partial Response (PR: ≥30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters) per RECIST 1.1. The percentage of participants who experienced a CR or PR is presented. (NCT02578680)
Timeframe: Through Database Cutoff Date of 08-Nov-2017 (Up to approximately 21 months)

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Pembrolizumab47.6
Control18.9

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Duration of Response (DOR) Per RECIST 1.1 as Assessed by Blinded Central Imaging

For participants who demonstrated a confirmed CR (disappearance of all target lesions) or PR (≥30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions) per RECIST 1.1, DOR was defined as the time from first documented evidence of a CR or PR until PD or death. DOR for participants who had not progressed or died at the time of analysis was to be censored at the date of their last tumor assessment. Per RECIST 1.1, PD was defined as ≥20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions. In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also have demonstrated an absolute increase of ≥5 mm. Note: The appearance of one or more new lesions was also considered PD. DOR assessments were based on blinded central imaging review with confirmation. The DOR per RECIST 1.1 for all participants who experienced a confirmed CR or PR is presented. (NCT02578680)
Timeframe: From time of first documented evidence of CR or PR through database cutoff date of 08-Nov-2017 (Up to approximately 21 months)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Pembrolizumab11.2
Control7.8

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Number of Participants Who Discontinued Any Study Drug Due to an AE

The number of participants who discontinued any randomized study drug due to an AE is presented. (NCT02578680)
Timeframe: Through Database Cutoff Date of 08-Nov-2017 (Up to approximately 21 months)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Pembrolizumab112
Control30

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Number of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event (AE)

An AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a study participant administered study drug and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this study drug. For participants who switched from the Control group to receiving pembro, AEs that occurred after the first dose of pembro are excluded from this interim analysis, but will be included in the final analysis. The number of participants who experienced an AE is presented. (NCT02578680)
Timeframe: Through Database Cutoff Date of 08-Nov-2017 (Up to approximately 21 months); Serious AEs: Up to 90 days after last dose of study treatment, Other AEs: Up to 30 days after last dose of study treatment

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Pembrolizumab404
Control200

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Overall Survival (OS)

OS was defined as the time from randomization to death due to any cause. Participants without documented death at the time of the interim analysis were censored at the date of the last follow-up. The OS is presented. (NCT02578680)
Timeframe: Through Database Cutoff Date of 08-Nov-2017 (Up to approximately 21 months)

InterventionMonths (Median)
PembrolizumabNA
Control11.3

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Progression-Free Survival (PFS) Per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 as Assessed by Blinded Central Imaging

PFS was defined as the time from randomization to the first documented progressive disease (PD) or death due to any cause, whichever occurred first. Per RECIST 1.1, PD was defined as ≥20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study. In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of ≥5 mm. Note: The appearance of one or more new lesions was also considered PD. The PFS per RECIST 1.1 is presented. (NCT02578680)
Timeframe: Through Database Cutoff Date of 08-Nov-2017 (Up to approximately 21 months)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Pembrolizumab8.8
Control4.9

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Median Overall Survival (OS)

Descriptive statistics (point and exact 90% confidence interval estimates from the resultant Kaplan-Meier curve) will be generated for OS. The median OS will be estimated on an intention-to-treat basis (using all registered patients), and on a response-evaluable basis (using all patients who completed all BAT infusions) using the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT02620865)
Timeframe: Up to 18 months

Interventionyears (Median)
Treatment (Anti-CD3 x Anti-EGFR BATs)0.934

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Incidence of Toxicity (CTCAE Version 4.0)

Toxicity rates will be estimated using all treated patients. (NCT02620865)
Timeframe: Up to 18 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
AnorexiaAnxietyChillsDepressionDiarrheaDizzinessDry MouthFatigueFeverGastroesophageal reflux diseaseHeadacheMyalgiaNauseaRash maculo-papularVomiting
Treatment (Anti-CD3 x Anti-EGFR BATs)112121122121221

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Progression Free Survival (PFS)

Descriptive statistics (point and exact 90% confidence interval estimates from the resultant Kaplan-Meier curve) will be generated for PFS. The median PFS will be estimated on an intention-to-treat basis (using all registered patients), and on a response-evaluable basis (using all patients who completed all BAT infusions) using the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT02620865)
Timeframe: Up to 18 months

InterventionYears (Median)
Treatment (Anti-CD3 x Anti-EGFR BATs)0.934

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Pathological Complete Response (PathCR) Rate

Defined as number of patients with pathologic complete responses (pCR) divided by total evaluable patients. pCR is defined as no recognized cancer and margins free of tumor as found by the pathologist following resection of the esophageal specimen and accompanying lymph nodes. (NCT02730546)
Timeframe: Up to 3 years

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Treatment (Pembrolizumab, Chemotherapy, Radiation, Surgery)22.6

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Biologic Activity, Defined as Global Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Methylation Change in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC)s; Day 1 Prior to First Course of Azacitidine

Will calculate the percentage of CpG site methylation for all patients before the first course of azacitidine. Mean and standard deviation will be reported. (NCT02828358)
Timeframe: Week 6, Day 1 (Following the induction phase (35 days), the first course of Azacitidine began around Week 6 of therapy)

InterventionPercentage of CpG methylation (Mean)
KMT2A-Rearranged78.17

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Biologic Activity, Defined as Global Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Methylation Change in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC)s; Day 1 Prior to Second Course of Azacitidine

Will calculate the percentage of CpG site methylation for all patients before the second course of azacitidine. Mean and standard deviation will be reported. (NCT02828358)
Timeframe: Week 13, Day 1 (Following induction phase (5 weeks), the first course of Azacitidine (1 week), and consolidation (6 weeks), the second course of Azacitidine began around Week 13 of therapy)

InterventionPercentage of CpG methylation (Mean)
KMT2A-Rearranged76.5

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Tolerability of Azacitidine in Combination With Interfant-06 Standard Chemotherapy in Evaluable Infant Patients With Newly Diagnosed ALL With KMT2A Gene Rearrangement (KMT2A-R). KMT2A Gene Rearrangement (KMT2A-R)

Proportion of KMT2A-Rearranged patients treated with azacitidine with Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs) from the first course of azacitidine administration up to fourth course of azacitidine administration. (NCT02828358)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
KMT2A-Rearranged6.45

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Biologic Activity, Defined as Global Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Methylation Change in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC)s; Day 5 of First Course of Azacitidine

Will calculate the percentage of CpG site methylation for all patients after the first course of azacitidine. Mean and standard deviation will be reported. (NCT02828358)
Timeframe: Week 6, Day 5 (Following the induction phase (35 days), the first course of Azacitidine began around Week 6 of therapy)

InterventionPercentage of CpG methylation (Mean)
KMT2A-Rearranged75.54

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Biologic Activity, Defined as Global Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Methylation Change in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC)s; Day 5 of Second Course of Azacitidine

Will calculate the percentage of CpG site methylation for all patients after the second course of azacitidine. Mean and standard deviation will be reported. (NCT02828358)
Timeframe: Week 13, Day 5 (Following induction phase (5 weeks), the first course of Azacitidine (1 week), and consolidation (6 weeks), the second course of Azacitidine began around Week 13 of therapy)

InterventionPercentage of CpG methylation (Mean)
KMT2A-Rearranged74.52

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Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology 50% (ACR50) Response

ACR50 response is defined as a ≥ 50% improvement (reduction) compared with baseline for both total joint count-68 joints (TJC68) and swollen joint count-66 joints (SJC66), as well as for three of the additional five ACR core set variables: Patient's Assessment of Pain over the previous 24 hours: using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) left end of the line 0=no pain to right end of the line 100=unbearable pain; Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity and Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity over the previous 24 hours using a VAS where left end of the line 0=no disease activity to right end of the line 100=maximum disease activity; Health Assessment Questionnaire: 20 questions, 8 components: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip and activities, 0=without difficulty to 3=unable to do; and acute-phase reactant [either C-reactive protein or Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate]. (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Days 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84

,,,,,,
InterventionPercentage (Number)
Week 1 Day 7Week 2 Day 14Week 4 day 28Week 8 Day 56Week 12 Day 84
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo3.67.310.022.734.5
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo2.50.05.015.017.5
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo2.81.89.218.327.5
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab4.59.025.232.436.0
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo2.72.76.417.314.5
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose6.310.410.422.925.0
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo2.00.006.010.012.0

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Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology 20% (ACR20) Response

ACR20 response is defined as a ≥ 20% improvement (reduction) compared with baseline for both total joint count-68 joints (TJC68) and swollen joint count-66 joints (SJC66), as well as for three of the additional five ACR core set variables: Patient's Assessment of Pain over the previous 24 hours: using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) left end of the line 0=no pain to right end of the line 100=unbearable pain; Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity and Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity over the previous 24 hours using a VAS where left end of the line 0=no disease activity to right end of the line 100=maximum disease activity; Health Assessment Questionnaire: 20 questions, 8 components: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip and activities, 0=without difficulty to 3=unable to do; and acute-phase reactant [either C-reactive protein or Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate] (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Days 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84

,,,,,,
InterventionPercentage (Number)
Week 1 Day 7Week 2 Day 14Week 4 Day 28Week 8 Day 56Week 12 Day 84
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo13.627.341.858.259.1
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo10.012.530.050.060.0
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo14.719.334.952.356.0
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab25.248.659.571.272.1
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo10.016.425.537.336.4
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose22.925.035.447.958.3
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo2.010.024.018.024.0

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Change in Disease Activity Score From Baseline Based on 28-Joints Count and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (4 Variables) (DAS28-4 [ESR])

The DAS28 score is a measure of the patient's disease activity calculated using the tender joint count (TJC) [28 joints], swollen joint count (SJC) [28 joints], patient's global assessment of disease activity [visual analog scale: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity] and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) for a total possible score of 0 to approximately 10. Scores below 2.6 indicate best disease control and scores above 5.1 indicate worse disease control. DAS28 Remission is defined as a DAS28 score < 2.6. (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Days 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84

,,,,,,
InterventionScore on a scale (Mean)
Week 1 Day 7Week 2 Day 14Week 4 Day 28Week 8 Day 56Week 12 Day 84
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-0.52-0.84-1.15-1.63-2.05
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-0.45-0.63-1.00-1.43-1.76
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-0.54-0.85-1.16-1.67-2.06
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab-0.93-1.22-1.65-2.00-2.08
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo-0.37-0.58-0.79-1.29-1.46
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose-0.65-0.81-1.04-1.54-1.89
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo-0.36-0.60-0.61-0.81-1.08

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Change in Disease Activity Score From Baseline Based on 28-Joints Count and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (3 Variables) (DAS28-3 [ESR])

The DAS28 score is a measure of the patient's disease activity calculated using the tender joint count (TJC) [28 joints], swollen joint count (SJC) [28 joints], patient's global assessment of disease activity [visual analog scale: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity] and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) for a total possible score of 0 to approximately 10. Scores below 2.6 indicate best disease control and scores above 5.1 indicate worse disease control. DAS28 Remission is defined as a DAS28 score < 2.6. (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Days 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84

,,,,,,
InterventionScore on a scale (Mean)
Week 1 Day 7Week 2 Day 14Week 4 Day 28Week 8 Day 56Week 12 Day 84
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-0.39-0.68-0.97-1.40-1.80
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-0.35-0.60-0.88-1.25-1.51
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-0.42-0.69-0.99-1.44-1.80
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab-0.72-1.02-1.47-1.74-1.85
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo-0.34-0.55-0.75-1.15-1.30
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose-0.50-0.64-0.85-1.35-1.65
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo-0.31-0.51-0.50-0.70-0.94

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Change in Disease Activity Score From Baseline Based on 28-Joints Count and C-Reactive Protein (4 Variables) (DAS28-4 [CRP])

The DAS28 score is a measure of the patient's disease activity calculated using the tender joint count (TJC) [28 joints], swollen joint count (SJC) [28 joints], patient's global assessment of disease activity [visual analog scale: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity] and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) for a total possible score of 0 to approximately 10. Scores below 2.6 indicate best disease control and scores above 5.1 indicate worse disease control. DAS28 Remission is defined as a DAS28 score < 2.6. (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Days 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84

,,,,,,
InterventionScore on a scale (Mean)
Week 1 Day 7Week 2 Day 14Week 4 Day 28Week 8 Day 56Week 12 Day 84
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-0.49-0.84-1.08-1.57-1.93
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-0.43-0.51-0.88-1.31-1.53
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-0.48-0.77-1.06-1.56-1.97
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab-1.10-1.26-1.61-1.97-2.06
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo-0.37-0.57-0.651.20-1.33
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose-0.63-0.81-0.95-1.51-1.83
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo-.40-0.54-0.55-0.67-1.00

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Change in Disease Activity Score From Baseline Based on 28-Joints Count and C-Reactive Protein (3 Variables) (DAS28-3 [CRP])

The DAS28 score is a measure of the patient's disease activity calculated using the tender joint count (TJC) [28 joints], swollen joint count (SJC) [28 joints], patient's global assessment of disease activity [visual analog scale: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity] and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) for a total possible score of 0 to approximately 10. Scores below 2.6 indicate best disease control and scores above 5.1 indicate worse disease control. DAS28 Remission is defined as a DAS28 score < 2.6. (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Days 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84

,,,,,,
InterventionScore on a scale (Mean)
Week 1 Day 7Week 2 Day 14Week 4 Day 28Week 8 Day 56Week 12 Day 84
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-0.37-0.70-0.91-1.37-1.70
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-0.34-0.47-0.75-1.14-1.30
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-0.35-0.63-0.90-1.35-1.72
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab-0.92-1.09-1.45-1.75-1.87
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo-0.33-.54-0.62-1.08-1.17
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose-0.49-0.65-0.77-1.33-1.62
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo-0.36-0.45-0.44-0.56-0.86

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Change From Baseline in Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) Score

"The FACIT-Fatigue Scale consists of 13 items designed to measure the degree of fatigue experienced by the patient in the previous 7 days. For each question, there are five possible responses: 0 (not at all), 1 (a little bit), 2 (somewhat), 3 (quite a bit), 4 (very much).~A total fatigue score is calculated by summing all items, and possible total scores range from 0 (maximum fatigue) to 52 (no fatigue). A positive change from baseline indicates an improvement in the patient's fatigue (less fatigue)." (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Day 84

InterventionScore on a scale (Mean)
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo9.00
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo8.21
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo8.95
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo7.08
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab9.59
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose8.85
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo5.71

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Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration of GDC-0853 at Steady State (Cmax,ss)

Cmax is the maximum (peak) plasma concentration over the dosing interval at steady state (ss) (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Pre-dose (0 hours) up to 10 hours post-dose on Day 28

InterventionNanogram per Milliliter (ng/mL) (Mean)
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo110
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo280
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo591
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose621

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Percentage of Participants Achieving ACR50 Response at Day 84, Comparison Between GDC-0853 and Adalimumab (Cohort 1)

ACR50 response is defined as a ≥ 50% improvement (reduction) compared with baseline for both total joint count-68 joints (TJC68) and swollen joint count-66 joints (SJC66), as well as for three of the additional five ACR core set variables: Patient's Assessment of Pain over the previous 24 hours: using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) left end of the line 0=no pain to right end of the line 100=unbearable pain; Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity and Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity over the previous 24 hours using a VAS where left end of the line 0=no disease activity to right end of the line 100=maximum disease activity; Health Assessment Questionnaire: 20 questions, 8 components: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip and activities, 0=without difficulty to 3=unable to do; and acute-phase reactant [either C-reactive protein or Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate]. (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Day 84

InterventionPercentage (Number)
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo17.5
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo27.5
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo34.5
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo14.5
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab36.0

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Percentage of Participants Achieving ACR50 Response at Day 84, Comparison Between GDC-0853 and Placebo (Cohort 2)

ACR50 response is defined as a ≥ 50% improvement (reduction) compared with baseline for both total joint count-68 joints (TJC68) and swollen joint count-66 joints (SJC66), as well as for three of the additional five ACR core set variables: Patient's Assessment of Pain over the previous 24 hours: using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) left end of the line 0=no pain to right end of the line 100=unbearable pain; Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity and Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity over the previous 24 hours using a VAS where left end of the line 0=no disease activity to right end of the line 100=maximum disease activity; Health Assessment Questionnaire: 20 questions, 8 components: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip and activities, 0=without difficulty to 3=unable to do; and acute-phase reactant [either C-reactive protein or Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate]. (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Day 84

InterventionPercentage (Number)
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose25.0
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo12.0

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Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology 50% (ACR50) Response at Day 84, Comparison Between GDC-0853 and Placebo (Cohort 1)

ACR50 response is defined as a ≥ 50% improvement (reduction) compared with baseline for both total joint count-68 joints (TJC68) and swollen joint count-66 joints (SJC66), as well as for three of the additional five ACR core set variables: Patient's Assessment of Pain over the previous 24 hours: using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) left end of the line 0=no pain to right end of the line 100=unbearable pain; Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity and Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity over the previous 24 hours using a VAS where left end of the line 0=no disease activity to right end of the line 100=maximum disease activity; Health Assessment Questionnaire: 20 questions, 8 components: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip and activities, 0=without difficulty to 3=unable to do; and acute-phase reactant [either C-reactive protein or Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate]. (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Day 84

InterventionPercentage (Number)
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo17.5
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo27.5
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo34.5
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo14.5
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab36.0

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Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events

An Adverse event was considered any unfavorable and unintended sign, symptom, or disease associated with the use of the study drug, whether or not considered related to the study drug. Preexisting conditions that worsened during the study were reported as adverse events. A SAE was any experience that suggested a significant hazard, contraindication, side effect or precaution that: resulted in death, was life-threatening, required in-patient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, was a congenital anomaly/birth defect or was medically significant. (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Day 1 up to 8 weeks after last dose (up to Week 20)

InterventionPercentage (Number)
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo37.5
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo42.2
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo50.9
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo45.5
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab45.0
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose22.4
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo44.9

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Change From Baseline in 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) Version 2.0 (V2) Scores for Physical and Mental Components

"The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36v2) is a questionnaire used to assess functional health and well-being and consists of eight domains: Physical Functioning, Role-Physical, Bodily Pain, General Health, Vitality, Social Functioning, Role-Emotional and Mental Health.~The SF-36v2 is summarized into Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores. The PCS and MCS scores range from 0 to 100, with 0=worst score (or quality of life) and 100=best score. A positive change from baseline indicates improvement." (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Day 84

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InterventionNumber on a scale (Mean)
Physical component score change: baseline-week 12Mental component score change: baseline-week 12
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo6.596.92
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo5.577.04
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo5.714.89
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab6.416.50
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo3.544.29
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose5.355.76
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo1.755.11

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Change From Baseline in C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Levels

C-reactive protein is a biological marker of inflammation and is measured in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Days 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84

,,,,,,
Intervention(ng/mL) nanograms per milliliter (Mean)
Week 1 Day 7Week 2 Day 14Week 4 Day 28Week 8 Day 56Week 12 Day 84
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo0.22-0.21-0.44-0.89-1.30
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo0.140.270.15-0.49-0.59
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo0.30-0.10-0.25-0.52-0.77
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab-1.21-0.93-1.11-1.14-1.03
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo0.01-0.120.14-0.39-0.45
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose-0.12-0.20-0.30-1.19-1.55
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo-0.10-0.25-0.24-0.26-0.56

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Change From Baseline in Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI)

CDAI was derived as the sum of the following: tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), participant global assessment (PGA) of disease activity, and physician assessment of disease activity. TJC and SJC were taken as the number of tender and swollen joints, respectively, out of 28 assessed joints. PGA and physician assessment of disease activity were scored 0-100 millimeters (mm) and rounded to the nearest centimeter (cm) on a visual analog scale (VAS), where higher scores indicate greater perceived disease activity. The total CDAI score range was 0-76, where higher scores indicate increased disease activity. Change from baseline at a particular time point was calculated among patients with data available at both baseline and the time point of interest. Negative values indicate improvement/reduction in RA disease activity. (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Baseline, Days 7, 14, 28, 56 and 84

,,,,,,
InterventionScore on a scale (Mean)
Week 1 Day 7Week 2 Day 14Week 4 Day 28Week 8 Day 56Week 12 Day 84
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-7.40-11.33-13.78-18.10-22.10
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-5.45-6.85-10.36-14.76-16.99
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-6.70-10.33-13.84-18.61-22.05
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab-9.64-13.44-17.74-21.36-22.22
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo-4.71-7.44-9.43-15.49-17.02
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose-8.61-9.64-11.83-17.38-20.42
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo-5.26-7.70-7.49-7.57-12.23

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Change From Baseline in Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) Score

"The Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index is a patient-reported outcome used to assess difficulty in performing activities of daily living. It consists of 20 questions referring to eight domains: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip and common daily activities.~To respond to each question, a four-level response with higher scores showing larger functional limitations, was chosen. Scoring is as follows with respect to performance of participant's everyday activities: 0 (equals)=without difficulties; 1= with some difficulties; 2=with great difficulties; and 3=unable to perform these actions at all. The composite HAQ-DI score is the mean of the eight domain scores and the score ranges from 0 (no functional impairment) to 3 (maximum functional impairment). A negative change from baseline indicates improvement." (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Days 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84

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InterventionScore on a scale (Mean)
Week 1 Day 7Week 2 Day 14Week 4 Day 28Week 8 Day 56Week 12 Day 84
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-0.22-0.28-0.40-0.56-0.65
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-0.20-0.24-0.34-0.49-0.51
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-0.15-0.23-0.32-0.44-0.57
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab-0.26-0.35-0.50-0.60-0.65
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo-0.10-0.17-0.19-0.40-0.35
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose-0.19-0.23-0.23-0.45-0.53
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo-0.14-0.13-0.17-0.23-0.30

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Change From Baseline in Tender/Painful Joint Count (68 Joint Count)

Tender Joint Count: a total of 68 joints will be assessed for tenderness. Each joint is assessed for the presence/absence of tenderness. 68 joints are assessed for tenderness and joints are classified as tender/not tender giving a total possible tender joint count score of 0 to 68. A negative change from Baseline indicated improvement. (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Days 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84

,,,,,,
InterventionScore on a scale (Mean)
Week 1 Day 7Week 2 Day 19Week 4 Day 28Week 8 Day 56Week 12 Day 84
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-3.33-5.91-6.84-9.75-11.49
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-2.79-4.33-6.00-9.72-10.33
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-4.12-6.36-7.90-11.57-12.72
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab-5.58-8.62-11.61-14.12-15.49
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo-3.81-5.78-7.55-10.75-10.55
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose-6.57-6.08-7.79-11.65-13.73
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo-3.06-3.92-4.40-4.60-7.14

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Change From Baseline in Patient Assessment Score of Arthritis Pain

Patient's Assessment of Pain over the previous 24 hours: using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) left end of the line 0=no pain to right end of the line 100=unbearable pain (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Days 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84

,,,,,,
InterventionScore on a scale (Mean)
Week 1 Day 7Week 2 Day 14Week 4 Day 28Week 8 Day 56Week 12 Day 84
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-11.18-17.08-18.63-25.95-30.63
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-9.00-6.08-13.41-18.38-23.14
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-9.20-12.16-15.75-23.21-26.48
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab-15.75-18.13-20.21-24.70-26.30
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo-4.12-8.22-10.08-16.37-17.88
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose-11.94-15.08-16.64-21.21-26.49
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo-2.76-4.72-7.54-7.13-13.98

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Change From Baseline in Patient Global Assessment Score of Arthritis Pain

Participant-assessed arthritis pain was scored on a 100-mm VAS, where the distance from 0 mm represented the participant's self evaluation of arthritis pain (0 mm=none; 100 mm=very severe). Change from baseline at a particular time point was calculated among patients with data available at both baseline and the time point of interest, where negative change indicated a decrease in participant-assessed arthritis pain. (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Days 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84

,,,,,,
InterventionScore on a scale (Mean)
Week 1 Day 7Week 2 Day 14Week 4 Day 28Week 8 Day 56Week 12 Day 84
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-11.82-14.84-17.75-22.59-27.33
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-9.00-5.50-12.11-19.19-23.33
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-10.30-13.7016.10-24.06-26.67
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab-18.33-18.94-21.78-26.77-26.24
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo-3.07-5.39-6.36-14.19-16.87
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose-13.15-15.46-18.26-21.17-25.55
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo-4.96-8.64-10.96-11.82-13.80

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Change From Baseline in Physician's Global Assessment Score of Arthritis

Physician's assessment of participant's disease activity was scored on a 100-mm VAS, where the distance from 0 mm represented the physician's assessment of the participant's disease activity (0 mm=very good; 100 mm=very poor). Change from baseline at a particular time point was calculated among patients with data available at both baseline and the time point of interest, where negative change from baseline indicated an improvement in physician-assessed disease activity. (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Days 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84

,,,,,,
InterventionScore on a scale (Mean)
Week 1 Day 7Week 2 Day 14Week 4 Day 28Week 8 Day 56Week 12 Day 84
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-12.82-18.30-20.92-29.67-34.48
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-7.89-11.10-16.89-24.59-26.81
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-10.68-15.86-22.02-28.52-32.43
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab-14.23-21.33-28.81-36.16-37.18
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo-5.85-9.01-14.01-20.87-23.19
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose-9.57-14.23-17.70-22.40-30.82
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo-7.66-9.85-12.73-9.91-18.44

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Change From Baseline in Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI)

Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) is the numerical sum of five outcome parameters: TJC and SJC (based on a 28-joint assessment), PtGA and PhGA (based on 0-10 cm VAS, where 0 = no disease activity and 10 = worst disease activity), and CRP. SDAI total score ranges from 0 (no disease activity) to 86 (maximal disease activity), where higher scores represents higher disease activity. The SDAI =< 3.3 indicates disease remission, > 3.4 to 11 indicates low disease activity, > 11 to 26 indicates moderate disease activity, and > 26 indicates high disease activity (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Baseline, Days 7, 14, 28, 56 and 84

,,,,,,
InterventionScore on a scale (Mean)
Week 1 Day 7Week 2 Day 14Week 4 Day 28Week 8 Day 56Week 12 Day 84
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-6.99-11.44-14.21-18.97-23.24
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-5.36-6.50-10.53-15.25-17.54
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-6.48-10.46-14.47-18.95-22.89
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab-10.86-14.39-18.87-22.62-23.33
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo-4.75-7.54-8.92-15.74-17.47
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose-8.73-9.84-12.13-18.57-21.97
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo-5.37-8.13-7.74-7.82-12.92

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Change From Baseline in Swollen Joint Count (66 Joint Count)

Swollen Joint Count: a total of 66 joints will be assessed for swelling. Each joint is assessed for the presence/absence of swelling. 66 joints were assessed for swelling and joints are classified as swollen/not swollen giving a total possible swollen joint count score of 0 to 66. A negative change from Baseline indicated improvement. (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Days 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84

,,,,,,
InterventionScore on a scale (Mean)
Week 1 Day 7Week 2 Day 14Week 4 Day 28Week 8 Day 56Week 12 Day 84
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-3.45-5.06-5.95-7.72-8.48
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-1.84-3.95-4.38-6.54-7.36
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo-2.89-4.78-6.33-8.06-8.89
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab-3.94-6.26-8.50-9.60-9.94
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo-3.35-4.23-5.47-7.41-8.26
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose-3.45-3.29-4.21-6.81-7.65
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo-1.49-2.96-3.46-3.02-4.86

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Area Under the Concentration Time Curve From Time 0 to Time 24 of GDC-0853 at Steady State (AUC0-24,ss)

The Pharmacokinetics (PK) evaluation may include, but will not be limited to, plasma GDC-0853 concentrations and population PK model estimated PK exposures (area under the plasma concentration-time curve [AUC]. AUC was measured in Nanograms(ng) per millilitre(mL)*hour (hr) (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Pre-dose (0 hours) up to 10 hours post-dose on Day 28

InterventionNg/mL*(hr) (Mean)
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo1170
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo2910
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo9380
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose9890

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Percentage of Participants With DAS Remission

The DAS28 score is a measure of the patient's disease activity calculated using the tender joint count (TJC) [28 joints], swollen joint count (SJC) [28 joints], patient's global assessment of disease activity [visual analog scale: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity] and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) for a total possible score of 0 to approximately 10. Scores below 2.6 indicate best disease control and scores above 5.1 indicate worse disease control. DAS28 Remission is defined as a DAS28 score < 2.6 (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Days 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84

,,,,,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 1 Day 7Week 2 Day 14Week 4 Day 28Week 8 Day 56Week 12 Day 84
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo0.00.91.84.58.2
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo0.00.00.00.02.5
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo0.00.00.03.77.3
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab0.00.94.59.09.0
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo0.00.00.91.83.6
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose2.10.000.000.004.2
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo0.00.00.00.04.0

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Percentage of Participants With DAS Low Disease Activity

The DAS28 score is a measure of the patient's disease activity calculated using the tender joint count (TJC) [28 joints], swollen joint count (SJC) [28 joints], patient's global assessment of disease activity [visual analog scale: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity] and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) for a total possible score of 0 to approximately 10. Scores below 2.6 indicate best disease control and scores above 5.1 indicate worse disease control. LDAS is defined as DAS28 ≤ 3.2 (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Days 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84

,,,,,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 1 Day 7Week 2 day 14Week 4 Day 28Week 8 Day 56Week 12 Day 84
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo1.81.86.411.814.5
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo0.00.00.00.07.5
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo0.90.01.88.319.3
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab1.84.511.718.017.1
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo0.00.91.83.63.6
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose2.12.12.12.114.6
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo0.02.00.02.04.0

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Minimum Observed Plasma Concentration of GDC-0853 at Steady State (Cmin,ss)

Cmin is the minimum concentration over the dosing interval at steady state (ss) (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Pre-dose (0 hours) up to 10 hours post-dose on Day 28

InterventionNanogram per Milliliter (ng/mL) (Mean)
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo22.4
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo54.7
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo250
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose263

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Percentage of Participants Meeting the SDAI-based Remission Criteria

The SDAI was the numerical sum of five outcome parameter: SJC and TJC (based on a 28-joint assessment), PGA and MDG (based on 0-10 cm VAS, where 0 = no disease activity and 10 = worst disease activity), and CRP. The SDAI =< 3.3 indicates disease remission (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Days 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84

,,,,,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 1 Day 7Week 2 Day 14Week 4 Day 28Week 8 Day 56Week 12 Day 84
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo0.000.000.93.66.4
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo0.000.000.000.000.00
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo0.90.000.92.84.6
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab0.001.84.56.39.0
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo0.000.000.000.000.9
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose0.000.002.10.006.3
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo0.000.000.000.006.0

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Percentage of Participants Meeting the CDAI-based Remission Criteria

Clinical Disease Activity Index is defined as CDAI= : SJC(28) + TJC(28) + PGA + MDG where TJC and SJC are the tender and swollen joint counts from 28 joints, PGA is the patient's global assessment of disease activity (on a 0-10 scale) and MDG is physician global assessment of disease activity (on a 0-10 scale). The cutoff value for CDAI remission is <=2.8. (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Days 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84

,,,,,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 1 Day 7Week 2 Day 14Week 4 Day 28Week 8 Day 56Week 12 Day 84
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo0.90.00.95.56.4
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo0.00.00.00.00.0
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo0.90.00.92.85.5
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab0.01.84.57.29.9
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo0.00.00.00.000.9
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose0.00.02.14.26.3
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo0.00.00.00.06.0

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Percentage of Participants Meeting the Boolean-based Remission Criteria

Boolean Remission is defined as Tender joint count less than 1, Swollen joint count less than 1, CRP less than 1 mg/dL, patient global assessment less than 1 (on 0 to 10 VAS scale). (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Days 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84

,,,,,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Week 1 Day 7Week 2 Day 14Week 4 Day 28Week 8 Day 56Week 12 Day 84
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo0.00.00.01.904.1
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo0.00.00.00.00.0
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo0.90.01.02.02.0
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab0.00.02.83.76.5
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo0.00.00.91.01.0
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose0.00.02.10.08.5
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo0.00.00.00.00.0

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Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology 70% (ACR70) Response

ACR70 response is defined as a ≥ 70% improvement (reduction) compared with Baseline for both total joint count-68 joints (TJC68) and swollen joint count-66 joints (SJC66), as well as for three of the additional five ACR core set variables: Patient's Assessment of Pain over the previous 24 hours: using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) left end of the line 0=no pain to right end of the line 100=unbearable pain; Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity and Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity over the previous 24 hours using a VAS where left end of the line 0=no disease activity to right end of the line 100=maximum disease activity; Health Assessment Questionnaire: 20 questions, 8 components: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip and activities, 0=without difficulty to 3=unable to do; and acute-phase reactant [either C-reactive protein or Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate]. (NCT02833350)
Timeframe: Days 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84

,,,,,,
InterventionPercentage (Number)
Week 1 Day 7Week 2 Day 14Week 4 Day 28Week 8 Day 56Week 12 Day 84
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 High Dose + Adalimumab Placebo0.90.04.59.112.7
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Low Dose + Adalimumab Placebo0.00.000.05.0
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Mid Dose + Adalimumab Placebo0.90.92.87.39.2
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab0.03.66.314.418.0
Cohort 1: GDC-0853 Placebo + Adalimumab Placebo0.00.000.93.67.3
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 High Dose0.04.22.16.314.6
Cohort 2: GDC-0853 Placebo0.00.02.04.04.0

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Progression Free Survival (PFS)

From date of registration to date of first documentation of progression or symptomatic deterioration, or death due to any cause. Patients last known to be alive without report of progression are censored at date of last contact. (NCT02890355)
Timeframe: From date of registration to date of first documentation of progression or symptomatic deterioration, or death due to any cause, assessed up to 3 years

Interventionmonths (Median)
Arm I (Veliparib and mFOLFIRI)2.1
Arm II (FOLFIRI)2.9

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Overall Response Rate, ORR

Overall response rate (ORR) is defined as the proportion of participants who have a confirmed and unconfirmed, partial or complete response to therapy. (NCT02890355)
Timeframe: Up to 3 years post registration

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
Arm I (Veliparib and mFOLFIRI)0.09
Arm II (FOLFIRI)0.10

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Disease Control Rate

Disease control rate (DCR) is defined as the proportion of participants who have a confirmed and unconfirmed, partial, complete or stable response to therapy. (NCT02890355)
Timeframe: Up to 3 years post registration

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
Arm I (Veliparib and mFOLFIRI)0.32
Arm II (FOLFIRI)0.47

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Duration of Response (DoR)

"DoR: time from date of first documentation of response (complete response, CR, or partial response, PR) to date of first documentation of progression or symptomatic deterioration, or death due to any cause among participants, who achieve a response (CR or PR).~The distribution of DoR in each treatment arm will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method." (NCT02890355)
Timeframe: Up to 3 years post registration

Interventionmonths (Median)
Arm I (Veliparib and mFOLFIRI)3.4
Arm II (FOLFIRI)5.1

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Overall Survival (OS)

"OS: time to death by any cause from randomized treatment arm assignment.~The log-rank test with stratification was used by prior systemic treatment for metastatic disease. Distributions of overall survival in arms 1 and 2 were estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier." (NCT02890355)
Timeframe: Up to 3 years

Interventionmonths (Median)
Arm I (Veliparib and mFOLFIRI)5.4
Arm II (FOLFIRI)6.5

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Phase 3: Number of Participants With Shift in Visual Acuity Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (LogMAR) Score

Visual acuity was measured using the Snellen visual acuity conversion chart. This was determined by establishing the smallest optotypes that could be identified correctly by the participant at a given observation distance. Snellen visual acuity was reported as a Snellen fraction (m/M) in which the numerator (m) indicated the test distance and the denominator (M) indicated the distance at which the gap of the equivalent Landolt ring subtends 1 minute of arc. The LogMAR score was calculated as - log(m/M). The maximum increase in score of <= 0, 0 to < 0.1, 0.1 to < 0.2, 0.2 to < 0.3 and >=0.3 relative to baseline in LogMAR were reported in this endpoint. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment until 30 days post last dose of study treatment (for triplet arm: maximum treatment exposure of 277.4 weeks; for doublet arm: maximum treatment exposure of 268 weeks; for Control arm: maximum treatment exposure of 108 weeks)

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Baseline <=0 to >0-<0.1Baseline <=0 to 0.1-<0.2Baseline <=0 to 0.2-<0.3Baseline <=0 to >=0.3Baseline <=0 to missing scoreBaseline >0-<0.1 to <=0Baseline >0-<0.1 to 0.1-<0.2Baseline >0-<0.1 to 0.2-<0.3Baseline >0-<0.1 to >=0.3Baseline >0-<0.1 to missing scoreBaseline 0.1-<0.2 to <=0Baseline 0.1-<0.2 to >0-<0.1Baseline 0.2-<0.3 to <=0Baseline 0.2-<0.3 to >0-<0.1Baseline 0.2-<0.3 to 0.1-<0.2Baseline 0.2-<0.3 to missing scoreBaseline >=0.3 to <=0Baseline >=0.3 to >0-<0.1Baseline >=0.3 to 0.1-<0.2Baseline >=0.3 to 0.2-<0.3Baseline >=0.3 to missing scoreBaseline 0.1-<0.2 to 0.2-<0.3Baseline 0.1-<0.2 to missing score
Phase 3: Control Arm000012900003000000500001307
Phase 3: Doublet Arm83018662102510001420101939
Phase 3: Triplet Arm33154691774335113319412100

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Phase 3: Number of Participants With Newly Occurring Clinically Notable Vital Sign Abnormalities

Newly occurring clinically notable changes was defined as participants not meeting the criterion at baseline and meeting criterion post-baseline. The criterion included: low/high systolic blood pressure (SBP): <= 90 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) with decrease from baseline of >= 20mmHg or >= 160mmHg with increase from baseline of >= 20mmHg, low or high diastolic blood pressure (DBP): <= 50mmHg with decrease from baseline of >= 15mmHg or >= 100mmHg with increase from baseline of >= 15mmHg, low or high pulse: <= 50 beats/min with decrease from baseline of >= 15 beats/min or >= 120 beats/min with increase from baseline of >= 15 beats/min, low or high temperature: <= 36 degree Celsius (deg C) or >= 37.5 deg C. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment until 30 days post last dose of study treatment (for triplet arm: maximum treatment exposure of 277.4 weeks; for doublet arm: maximum treatment exposure of 268 weeks; for Control arm: maximum treatment exposure of 108 weeks)

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Diastolic Blood Pressure - HighDiastolic Blood Pressure - LowPulse Rate - HighPulse Rate - LowSystolic Blood Pressure - HighSystolic Blood Pressure - LowTemperature - HighTemperature - Low
Phase 3: Control Arm752035102555
Phase 3: Doublet Arm62714413282384
Phase 3: Triplet Arm82123319373393

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Phase 3: Number of Participants With Newly Occurring Clinically Notable Electrocardiogram (ECG) Values

Newly occurring clinically notable changes was defined as participants not meeting the criterion at baseline and meeting criterion post-baseline. The criterion included: heart rate- decrease from baseline > 25% and to a value < 50 and increase from baseline > 25% and to a value > 100. QT interval- new > 450 (millisecond) msec, new > 480 msec, new > 500 msec, increase from baseline > 30 msec and increase from baseline > 60 msec. QTcF- new > 450 msec, new > 480 msec, new > 500 msec, increase from baseline > 30 msec and increase from baseline > 60 msec. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment until 30 days post last dose of study treatment (for triplet arm: maximum treatment exposure of 277.4 weeks; for doublet arm: maximum treatment exposure of 268 weeks; for Control arm: maximum treatment exposure of 108 weeks)

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Heart Rate - Decrease from baseline > 25% and to a value < 50Heart Rate - Increase from baseline > 25% and to a value > 100QT Interval - New > 450 millisecond (msec)QT Interval - New > 480 msecQT Interval - New > 500 msecQT Interval - increase from baseline > 30 msecQT Interval - increase from baseline > 60 msecQTcF - New > 450 msecQTcF - New > 480 msecQTcF - New > 500 msecQTcF - increase from baseline > 30 msecQTcF - increase from baseline > 60 msec
Phase 3: Control Arm02872032102352245
Phase 3: Doublet Arm42430759921511867520
Phase 3: Triplet Arm1271743972239915912

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Phase 3: Number of Participants With Clinically Notable Shifts in Serum Chemistry Laboratory Parameters

Clinically notable shifts was defined as worsening by at least 2 grades or to >= Grade 3 based on CTCAE version 4.03 where Grade 1: mild, Grade 2: moderate, Grade 3: severe, Grade 4: life threatening and Grade 5: death. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment until 30 days post last dose of study treatment (for triplet arm: maximum treatment exposure of 277.4 weeks; for doublet arm: maximum treatment exposure of 268 weeks; for Control arm: maximum treatment exposure of 108 weeks)

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Alanine Aminotransferase - HyperAlbumin - HypoAlkaline Phosphatase - HyperAspartate Aminotransferase - HyperBilirubin - HyperCalcium - HyperCalcium - HypoCreatine Kinase - HyperCreatinine - HyperGlucose - HyperGlucose - HypoMagnesium - HyperMagnesium - HypoPotassium - HyperPotassium - HypoSodium - HyperSodium - HypoTroponin I - HyperUrate - Hyper
Phase 3: Control Arm10171891207364129592501
Phase 3: Doublet Arm7161271308111160141071402
Phase 3: Triplet Arm115013111111518458401114511004

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Phase 3: Number of Participants With Clinically Notable Shifts in Hematology and Coagulation Laboratory Parameters

Clinically notable shifts was defined as worsening by at least 2 grades or to more than or equal to (>=) Grade 3 based on Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.03 where Grade 1: mild, Grade 2: moderate, Grade 3: severe, Grade 4: life threatening and Grade 5: death. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment until 30 days post last dose of study treatment (for triplet arm: maximum treatment exposure of 277.4 weeks; for doublet arm: maximum treatment exposure of 268 weeks; for Control arm: maximum treatment exposure of 108 weeks)

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time - HyperHemoglobin - HyperHemoglobin - HypoLeukocytes - HyperLeukocytes - HypoLymphocytes - HyperLymphocytes - HypoNeutrophils - HypoPlatelets - HypoProthrombin Intl. Normalized Ratio - Hyper
Phase 3: Doublet Arm903009347852
Phase 3: Triplet Arm9097021225413
Phase 3:Control Arm40170514576542

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(Safety Lead-in) Incidence of Dose Interruptions, Dose Modifications and Discontinuations Due to Adverse Events (AEs) - Final Analysis

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of study drug, whether or not considered related to the study drug. Number of participants according to incidence of dose interruptions, dose modifications and dose discontinuations due to AEs were reported in this outcome measure. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment until 30 days post last dose of study treatment (maximum treatment exposure of 280 weeks)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Dose interruptionsDose modificationsDiscontinuation due to AEs
Combined Safety Lead-in30168

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(Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Time of Maximum Observed Concentration (Tmax) for Metabolite of Binimetinib (AR00426032)

(NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Predose and 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours post-dose on Day 1 of Cycles 1 and 2 (each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionHours (Median)
Cycle 1Cycle 2
Combined Safety Lead-in2.001.58

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(Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Time of Maximum Observed Concentration (Tmax) for Encorafenib

(NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Predose and 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours post-dose on Day 1 of Cycles 1 and 2 (each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionHours (Median)
Cycle 1Cycle 2
Combined Safety Lead-in2.002.00

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(Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Time of Maximum Observed Concentration (Tmax) for Cetuximab

(NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Predose and 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours post-dose on Day 1 of Cycles 1 and 2 (each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionHours (Median)
Cycle 1Cycle 2
Combined Safety Lead-in3.773.05

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(Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Time of Maximum Observed Concentration (Tmax) for Binimetinib

(NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Predose and 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours post-dose on Day 1 of Cycles 1 and 2 (each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionHours (Median)
Cycle 1Cycle 2
Combined Safety Lead-in1.981.04

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(Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Maximum Concentration (Cmax) for Metabolite of Binimetinib (AR00426032)

(NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Predose and 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours post-dose on Day 1 of Cycles 1 and 2 (each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionNanogram/milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 1Cycle 2
Combined Safety Lead-in59.920.5

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(Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Maximum Concentration (Cmax) for Encorafenib

(NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Predose and 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours post-dose on Day 1 of Cycles 1 and 2 (each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionNanogram/milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 1Cycle 2
Combined Safety Lead-in33602490

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(Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Maximum Concentration (Cmax) for Cetuximab

(NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Predose and 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours post-dose on Day 1 of Cycles 1 and 2 (each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionNanogram/milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 1Cycle 2
Combined Safety Lead-in195000199000

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(Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Maximum Concentration (Cmax) for Binimetinib

(NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Predose and 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours post-dose on Day 1 of Cycles 1 and 2 (each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionNanogram/milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 1Cycle 2
Combined Safety Lead-in654524

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(Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Zero to the Last Measurable Time Point (AUClast) for Metabolite of Binimetinib (AR00426032)

(NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Predose and 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours post-dose on Day 1 of Cycles 1 and 2 (each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionNanogram/milliliter *hour (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 1Cycle 2
Combined Safety Lead-in20670.0

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(Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve From Zero to the Last Measurable Time Point (AUClast) for Encorafenib

(NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Predose and 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours post-dose on Day 1 of Cycles 1 and 2 (each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionNanogram/milliliter *hour (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 1Cycle 2
Combined Safety Lead-in113006660

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(Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve From Zero to the Last Measurable Time Point (AUClast) for Cetuximab

(NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Predose and 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours post-dose on Day 1 of Cycles 1 and 2 (each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionNanogram/milliliter *hour (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 1Cycle 2
Combined Safety Lead-in841000970000

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(Safety Lead-in) Evaluation of the Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve From Zero to the Last Measurable Time Point (AUClast) for Binimetinib

(NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Predose and 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours post-dose on Day 1 of Cycles 1 and 2 (each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionNanogram/milliliter *hour (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 1Cycle 2
Combined Safety Lead-in19601540

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(Phase 3) Change From Baseline in the Participant Global Impression of Change (PGIC) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm, Doublet Arm vs Control, and Triplet vs Doublet

"The PGIC is a measure of participant's perceptions of change in their symptoms over time that can be used as an anchoring method to determine the minimal clinically important difference for other participant reported outcome (PROs). For this assessment, participants answered the following question: Since starting treatment, my colorectal cancer symptoms are: (1) very much improved, (2) much improved, (3) minimally improved, (4) no change, (5) minimally worse, (6) much worse or (7) very much worse." (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Baseline,Cycle (C)1 Day (D)1, C2 D1, C3 D1, C4 D1, C5 D1, C6 D1, C7 D1, C8 D1, C9 D1, C10 D1, C11 D1, C12 D1, C13 D1, C14 D1, C15 D1, C16 D1, C17 D1, C18 D1, C19 D1, C20 D1, C21 D1, C22 D1, C23 D1, End of Treatment, 30 Day Follow Up(each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange at Cycle 1 Day 1Change at Cycle 2 Day 1Change at Cycle 3 Day 1Change at Cycle 4 Day 1Change at Cycle 5 Day 1Change at Cycle 6 Day 1Change at Cycle 7 Day 1Change at Cycle 8 Day 1Change at Cycle 9 Day 1Change at Cycle 10 Day 1Change at Cycle 11 Day 1Change at Cycle 12 Day 1Change at Cycle 13 Day 1Change at Cycle 14 Day 1Change at Cycle 15 Day 1Change at Cycle 16 Day 1Change at Cycle 17 Day 1Change at Cycle 18 Day 1Change at Cycle 19 Day 1Change at Cycle 20 Day 1Change at Cycle 21 Day 1Change at Cycle 22 Day 1Change at Cycle 23 Day 1Change at End of TreatmentChange at 30 Day Follow Up
Phase 3:Doublet Arm3.80.1-0.8-1.2-1.1-1.1-1.2-1.0-1.1-0.9-0.6-1.1-0.8-0.9-1.5-1.6-0.7-1.0-1.0-0.5-2.0-2.0-2.0-2.00.10.5

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(Phase 3) Change From Baseline in the Participant Global Impression of Change (PGIC) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm, Doublet Arm vs Control, and Triplet vs Doublet

"The PGIC is a measure of participant's perceptions of change in their symptoms over time that can be used as an anchoring method to determine the minimal clinically important difference for other participant reported outcome (PROs). For this assessment, participants answered the following question: Since starting treatment, my colorectal cancer symptoms are: (1) very much improved, (2) much improved, (3) minimally improved, (4) no change, (5) minimally worse, (6) much worse or (7) very much worse." (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Baseline,Cycle (C)1 Day (D)1, C2 D1, C3 D1, C4 D1, C5 D1, C6 D1, C7 D1, C8 D1, C9 D1, C10 D1, C11 D1, C12 D1, C13 D1, C14 D1, C15 D1, C16 D1, C17 D1, C18 D1, C19 D1, C20 D1, C21 D1, C22 D1, C23 D1, End of Treatment, 30 Day Follow Up(each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange at Cycle 1 Day 1Change at Cycle 2 Day 1Change at Cycle 3 Day 1Change at Cycle 4 Day 1Change at Cycle 5 Day 1Change at Cycle 6 Day 1Change at Cycle 7 Day 1Change at Cycle 8 Day 1Change at Cycle 9 Day 1Change at Cycle 10 Day 1Change at Cycle 11 Day 1Change at Cycle 12 Day 1Change at Cycle 13 Day 1Change at End of TreatmentChange at 30 Day Follow Up
Phase 3:Control Arm3.90.0-0.3-0.5-0.5-0.7-0.8-1.1-1.0-1.0-0.30.0-0.5-1.00.40.7

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(Phase 3) Change From Baseline in the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colon Cancer (FACT-C) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm, Doublet Arm vs Control, and Triplet vs Doublet

FACT-C= Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT), which assessed HRQoL of cancer participants & participants with other chronic illnesses. It consists of total 36 items (27 items of general version of FACT-C and disease-specific subscale containing 9 CRC-specific items), summarized to 5 subscales: physical well-being (7 items), functional well-being (7 items), social/family well-being (7 items); all 3 subscales range:0-28, emotional well-being (6 items) range: 0-24, colorectal cancer subscale (9 items) range: 0-36; higher subscale score= better QoL. All single-item measures range: 0= 'Not at all' to 4= 'Very much'. Table summarizes functional well-being subscale, individual questions are linearly scaled & combined to form functional well-being subscale score (range 0-28). High score represents better QoL. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Baseline,Cycle (C)1 Day (D)1, C2 D1, C3 D1, C4 D1, C5 D1, C6 D1, C7 D1, C8 D1, C9 D1, C10 D1, C11 D1, C12 D1, C13 D1, C14 D1, C15 D1, C16 D1, C17 D1, C18 D1, C19 D1, C20 D1, C21 D1, C22 D1, C23 D1, End of Treatment, 30 Day Follow Up(each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange at Cycle 1 Day 1Change at Cycle 2 Day 1Change at Cycle 3 Day 1Change at Cycle 4 Day 1Change at Cycle 5 Day 1Change at Cycle 6 Day 1Change at Cycle 7 Day 1Change at Cycle 8 Day 1Change at Cycle 9 Day 1Change at Cycle 10 Day 1Change at Cycle 11 Day 1Change at Cycle 12 Day 1Change at Cycle 13 Day 1Change at Cycle 14 Day 1Change at Cycle 15 Day 1Change at Cycle 16 Day 1Change at Cycle 17 Day 1Change at Cycle 18 Day 1Change at Cycle 19 Day 1Change at Cycle 20 Day 1Change at Cycle 21 Day 1Change at Cycle 22 Day 1Change at Cycle 23 Day 1Change at End of TreatmentChange at 30 Day Follow Up
Phase 3:Doublet Arm16.2-0.9-0.6-0.2-0.1-0.20.6-0.10.2-0.8-1.3-0.5-1.1-3.2-4.0-1.5-0.7-0.7-3.0-6.0-5.0-5.0-12.0-9.0-2.2-0.8

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(Phase 3) Change From Baseline in the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colon Cancer (FACT-C) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm, Doublet Arm vs Control, and Triplet vs Doublet

FACT-C= Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT), which assessed HRQoL of cancer participants & participants with other chronic illnesses. It consists of total 36 items (27 items of general version of FACT-C and disease-specific subscale containing 9 CRC-specific items), summarized to 5 subscales: physical well-being (7 items), functional well-being (7 items), social/family well-being (7 items); all 3 subscales range:0-28, emotional well-being (6 items) range: 0-24, colorectal cancer subscale (9 items) range: 0-36; higher subscale score= better QoL. All single-item measures range: 0= 'Not at all' to 4= 'Very much'. Table summarizes functional well-being subscale, individual questions are linearly scaled & combined to form functional well-being subscale score (range 0-28). High score represents better QoL. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Baseline,Cycle (C)1 Day (D)1, C2 D1, C3 D1, C4 D1, C5 D1, C6 D1, C7 D1, C8 D1, C9 D1, C10 D1, C11 D1, C12 D1, C13 D1, C14 D1, C15 D1, C16 D1, C17 D1, C18 D1, C19 D1, C20 D1, C21 D1, C22 D1, C23 D1, End of Treatment, 30 Day Follow Up(each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange at Cycle 1 Day 1Change at Cycle 2 Day 1Change at Cycle 3 Day 1Change at Cycle 4 Day 1Change at Cycle 5 Day 1Change at Cycle 6 Day 1Change at Cycle 7 Day 1Change at Cycle 8 Day 1Change at Cycle 9 Day 1Change at Cycle 10 Day 1Change at Cycle 11 Day 1Change at Cycle 12 Day 1Change at Cycle 13 Day 1Change at Cycle 14 Day 1Change at Cycle 15 Day 1Change at Cycle 16 Day 1Change at Cycle 17 Day 1Change at Cycle 18 Day 1Change at Cycle 19 Day 1Change at Cycle 20 Day 1Change at Cycle 21 Day 1Change at End of TreatmentChange at 30 Day Follow Up
Phase 3: Triplet Arm16.3-0.2-0.3-0.20.40.70.70.50.9-1.9-1.7-1.5-1.5-2.0-2.4-2.3-4.2-6.7-5.0-7.0-6.0-9.0-2.4-3.5

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(Phase 3) Change From Baseline in the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colon Cancer (FACT-C) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm, Doublet Arm vs Control, and Triplet vs Doublet

FACT-C= Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT), which assessed HRQoL of cancer participants & participants with other chronic illnesses. It consists of total 36 items (27 items of general version of FACT-C and disease-specific subscale containing 9 CRC-specific items), summarized to 5 subscales: physical well-being (7 items), functional well-being (7 items), social/family well-being (7 items); all 3 subscales range:0-28, emotional well-being (6 items) range: 0-24, colorectal cancer subscale (9 items) range: 0-36; higher subscale score= better QoL. All single-item measures range: 0= 'Not at all' to 4= 'Very much'. Table summarizes functional well-being subscale, individual questions are linearly scaled & combined to form functional well-being subscale score (range 0-28). High score represents better QoL. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Baseline,Cycle (C)1 Day (D)1, C2 D1, C3 D1, C4 D1, C5 D1, C6 D1, C7 D1, C8 D1, C9 D1, C10 D1, C11 D1, C12 D1, C13 D1, C14 D1, C15 D1, C16 D1, C17 D1, C18 D1, C19 D1, C20 D1, C21 D1, C22 D1, C23 D1, End of Treatment, 30 Day Follow Up(each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange at Cycle 1 Day 1Change at Cycle 2 Day 1Change at Cycle 3 Day 1Change at Cycle 4 Day 1Change at Cycle 5 Day 1Change at Cycle 6 Day 1Change at Cycle 7 Day 1Change at Cycle 8 Day 1Change at Cycle 9 Day 1Change at Cycle 10 Day 1Change at Cycle 11 Day 1Change at Cycle 12 Day 1Change at Cycle 13 Day 1Change at End of TreatmentChange at 30 Day Follow Up
Phase 3:Control Arm16.8-1.4-0.9-0.7-1.8-1.6-1.9-0.5-2.1-2.60.5-4.5-4.5-8.0-3.1-4.2

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(Phase 3) Change From Baseline in the EuroQol-5D-5L Visual Analog Scale (EQ-5D-5L VAS) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm, Doublet Arm vs Control, and Triplet vs Doublet

The EQ-5D-5L contains 1 item for each of 5 dimensions of health-related QoL (i.e., mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain or discomfort and anxiety or depression). Response options for each item varied from having no problems to moderate problems or extreme problems. The EQ-5D-5L (v4.0) is a standardized measure of health utility that provides a single index value for one's health status. The EQ-5D-5L is frequently used for economic evaluations of health care and has been recognized as a valid and reliable instrument for this purpose. The EQ visual analog scale (VAS) is a score that is directly reported by the participant and ranges from 0 to 100 (higher is better quality health). (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Baseline,Cycle (C)1 Day (D)1, C2 D1, C3 D1, C4 D1, C5 D1, C6 D1, C7 D1, C8 D1, C9 D1, C10 D1, C11 D1, C12 D1, C13 D1, C14 D1, C15 D1, C16 D1, C17 D1, C18 D1, C19 D1, C20 D1, C21 D1, C22 D1, C23 D1, End of Treatment, 30 Day Follow Up(each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange at Cycle 1 Day 1Change at Cycle 2 Day 1Change at Cycle 3 Day 1Change at Cycle 4 Day 1Change at Cycle 5 Day 1Change at Cycle 6 Day 1Change at Cycle 7 Day 1Change at Cycle 8 Day 1Change at Cycle 9 Day 1Change at Cycle 10 Day 1Change at Cycle 11 Day 1Change at Cycle 12 Day 1Change at Cycle 13 Day 1Change at Cycle 14 Day 1Change at Cycle 15 Day 1Change at Cycle 16 Day 1Change at Cycle 17 Day 1Change at Cycle 18 Day 1Change at Cycle 19 Day 1Change at Cycle 20 Day 1Change at Cycle 21 Day 1Change at Cycle 22 Day 1Change at Cycle 23 Day 1Change at End of TreatmentChange at 30 Day Follow Up
Phase 3:Doublet Arm66.5-0.91.94.25.65.12.93.62.0-4.0-8.1-0.1-0.6-4.1-0.44.23.31.7-3.3-5.52.0-5.0-5.0-5.0-8.0-5.9

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(Phase 3) Change From Baseline in the EuroQol-5D-5L Visual Analog Scale (EQ-5D-5L VAS) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm, Doublet Arm vs Control, and Triplet vs Doublet

The EQ-5D-5L contains 1 item for each of 5 dimensions of health-related QoL (i.e., mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain or discomfort and anxiety or depression). Response options for each item varied from having no problems to moderate problems or extreme problems. The EQ-5D-5L (v4.0) is a standardized measure of health utility that provides a single index value for one's health status. The EQ-5D-5L is frequently used for economic evaluations of health care and has been recognized as a valid and reliable instrument for this purpose. The EQ visual analog scale (VAS) is a score that is directly reported by the participant and ranges from 0 to 100 (higher is better quality health). (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Baseline,Cycle (C)1 Day (D)1, C2 D1, C3 D1, C4 D1, C5 D1, C6 D1, C7 D1, C8 D1, C9 D1, C10 D1, C11 D1, C12 D1, C13 D1, C14 D1, C15 D1, C16 D1, C17 D1, C18 D1, C19 D1, C20 D1, C21 D1, C22 D1, C23 D1, End of Treatment, 30 Day Follow Up(each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange at Cycle 1 Day 1Change at Cycle 2 Day 1Change at Cycle 3 Day 1Change at Cycle 4 Day 1Change at Cycle 5 Day 1Change at Cycle 6 Day 1Change at Cycle 7 Day 1Change at Cycle 8 Day 1Change at Cycle 9 Day 1Change at Cycle 10 Day 1Change at Cycle 11 Day 1Change at Cycle 12 Day 1Change at Cycle 13 Day 1Change at Cycle 14 Day 1Change at Cycle 15 Day 1Change at Cycle 16 Day 1Change at Cycle 17 Day 1Change at Cycle 18 Day 1Change at Cycle 19 Day 1Change at Cycle 20 Day 1Change at Cycle 21 Day 1Change at End of TreatmentChange at 30 Day Follow Up
Phase 3: Triplet Arm69.00.81.43.04.03.31.31.44.10.30.20.2-4.0-3.0-4.0-3.4-10.4-18.37.08.08.08.0-8.5-11.1

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(Phase 3) Change From Baseline in the EuroQol-5D-5L Visual Analog Scale (EQ-5D-5L VAS) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm, Doublet Arm vs Control, and Triplet vs Doublet

The EQ-5D-5L contains 1 item for each of 5 dimensions of health-related QoL (i.e., mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain or discomfort and anxiety or depression). Response options for each item varied from having no problems to moderate problems or extreme problems. The EQ-5D-5L (v4.0) is a standardized measure of health utility that provides a single index value for one's health status. The EQ-5D-5L is frequently used for economic evaluations of health care and has been recognized as a valid and reliable instrument for this purpose. The EQ visual analog scale (VAS) is a score that is directly reported by the participant and ranges from 0 to 100 (higher is better quality health). (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Baseline,Cycle (C)1 Day (D)1, C2 D1, C3 D1, C4 D1, C5 D1, C6 D1, C7 D1, C8 D1, C9 D1, C10 D1, C11 D1, C12 D1, C13 D1, C14 D1, C15 D1, C16 D1, C17 D1, C18 D1, C19 D1, C20 D1, C21 D1, C22 D1, C23 D1, End of Treatment, 30 Day Follow Up(each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange at Cycle 1 Day 1Change at Cycle 2 Day 1Change at Cycle 3 Day 1Change at Cycle 4 Day 1Change at Cycle 5 Day 1Change at Cycle 6 Day 1Change at Cycle 7 Day 1Change at Cycle 8 Day 1Change at Cycle 9 Day 1Change at Cycle 10 Day 1Change at Cycle 11 Day 1Change at Cycle 12 Day 1Change at Cycle 13 Day 1Change at End of TreatmentChange at 30 Day Follow Up
Phase 3:Control Arm68.3-2.1-2.4-1.4-0.42.5-3.62.4-2.8-8.1-1.84.01.5-2.0-12.7-11.0

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(Phase 3) Change From Baseline in the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire for Cancer Participants (QLQ-C30) Triplet Arm vs Control Arm, Doublet Arm vs Control, and Triplet vs Doublet

The EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire consisted of 30 questions generating 5 functional scores (physical, role, cognitive, emotional, & social); a global health (GH) status/global quality of life scale score; 3 symptom scale scores (fatigue, pain, & nausea & vomiting); & 6 standalone one-item scores that capture additional symptoms (dyspnea, appetite loss, sleep disturbance, constipation, & diarrhea) & perceived financial burden. All items were graded by severity experienced during previous week & used 4-point-scale (1: not at all, 2: a little, 3: quite a bit, 4: very much). The scores were converted to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scale ranging from 0-100. Higher scores indicating higher response levels (i.e., higher functioning, higher symptom severity). (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Baseline, Cycle(C)1 Day(D)1 , C2 D1, C3 D1, C4 D1, C5 D1, C6 D1, C7 D1, C8 D1, C9 D1, C10 D1, C11 D1, C12 D1, C13 D1, C14 D1, C15 D1, C16 D1, C17 D1, C18 D1, C19 D1, C20 D1, C21 D1, C22 D1, C23 D1, End of Treatment, 30 Day Follow Up(each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange at Cycle 1 Day 1Change at Cycle 2 Day 1Change at Cycle 3 Day 1Change at Cycle 4 Day 1Change at Cycle 5 Day 1Change at Cycle 6 Day 1Change at Cycle 7 Day 1Change at Cycle 8 Day 1Change at Cycle 9 Day 1Change at Cycle 10 Day 1Change at Cycle 11 Day 1Change at Cycle 12 Day 1Change at Cycle 13 Day 1Change at Cycle 14 Day 1Change at Cycle 15 Day 1Change at Cycle 16 Day 1Change at Cycle 17 Day 1Change at Cycle 18 Day 1Change at Cycle 19 Day 1Change at Cycle 20 Day 1Change at Cycle 21 Day 1Change at Cycle 22 Day 1Change at Cycle 23 Day 1Change at End of TreatmentChange at 30 Day Follow Up
Phase 3:Doublet Arm60.7-4.33.83.54.24.35.64.34.2-5.6-2.83.9-4.6-3.2-6.02.8-5.6-2.8-8.3-8.3-8-16.7-16.70.0-13.1-10.4

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(Phase 3) Change From Baseline in the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire for Cancer Participants (QLQ-C30) Triplet Arm vs Control Arm, Doublet Arm vs Control, and Triplet vs Doublet

The EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire consisted of 30 questions generating 5 functional scores (physical, role, cognitive, emotional, & social); a global health (GH) status/global quality of life scale score; 3 symptom scale scores (fatigue, pain, & nausea & vomiting); & 6 standalone one-item scores that capture additional symptoms (dyspnea, appetite loss, sleep disturbance, constipation, & diarrhea) & perceived financial burden. All items were graded by severity experienced during previous week & used 4-point-scale (1: not at all, 2: a little, 3: quite a bit, 4: very much). The scores were converted to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scale ranging from 0-100. Higher scores indicating higher response levels (i.e., higher functioning, higher symptom severity). (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Baseline, Cycle(C)1 Day(D)1 , C2 D1, C3 D1, C4 D1, C5 D1, C6 D1, C7 D1, C8 D1, C9 D1, C10 D1, C11 D1, C12 D1, C13 D1, C14 D1, C15 D1, C16 D1, C17 D1, C18 D1, C19 D1, C20 D1, C21 D1, C22 D1, C23 D1, End of Treatment, 30 Day Follow Up(each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange at Cycle 1 Day 1Change at Cycle 2 Day 1Change at Cycle 3 Day 1Change at Cycle 4 Day 1Change at Cycle 5 Day 1Change at Cycle 6 Day 1Change at Cycle 7 Day 1Change at Cycle 8 Day 1Change at Cycle 9 Day 1Change at Cycle 10 Day 1Change at Cycle 11 Day 1Change at Cycle 12 Day 1Change at Cycle 13 Day 1Change at Cycle 14 Day 1Change at Cycle 15 Day 1Change at Cycle 16 Day 1Change at Cycle 17 Day 1Change at Cycle 18 Day 1Change at Cycle 19 Day 1Change at Cycle 20 Day 1Change at Cycle 21 Day 1Change at End of TreatmentChange at 30 Day Follow Up
Phase 3: Triplet Arm62.8-2.4-1.60.70.2-1.1-4.0-2.5-2.6-5.8-3.3-5.20.00.0-1.23.6-16.7-27.8-16.70.0-250.0-14.1-17.4

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(Phase 3) Change From Baseline in the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire for Cancer Participants (QLQ-C30) Triplet Arm vs Control Arm, Doublet Arm vs Control, and Triplet vs Doublet

The EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire consisted of 30 questions generating 5 functional scores (physical, role, cognitive, emotional, & social); a global health (GH) status/global quality of life scale score; 3 symptom scale scores (fatigue, pain, & nausea & vomiting); & 6 standalone one-item scores that capture additional symptoms (dyspnea, appetite loss, sleep disturbance, constipation, & diarrhea) & perceived financial burden. All items were graded by severity experienced during previous week & used 4-point-scale (1: not at all, 2: a little, 3: quite a bit, 4: very much). The scores were converted to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scale ranging from 0-100. Higher scores indicating higher response levels (i.e., higher functioning, higher symptom severity). (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Baseline, Cycle(C)1 Day(D)1 , C2 D1, C3 D1, C4 D1, C5 D1, C6 D1, C7 D1, C8 D1, C9 D1, C10 D1, C11 D1, C12 D1, C13 D1, C14 D1, C15 D1, C16 D1, C17 D1, C18 D1, C19 D1, C20 D1, C21 D1, C22 D1, C23 D1, End of Treatment, 30 Day Follow Up(each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange at Cycle 1 Day 1Change at Cycle 2 Day 1Change at Cycle 3 Day 1Change at Cycle 4 Day 1Change at Cycle 5 Day 1Change at Cycle 6 Day 1Change at Cycle 7 Day 1Change at Cycle 8 Day 1Change at Cycle 9 Day 1Change at Cycle 10 Day 1Change at Cycle 11 Day 1Change at Cycle 12 Day 1Change at Cycle 13 Day 1Change at End of TreatmentChange at 30 Day Follow Up
Phase 3:Control Arm62.8-3.4-1.9-0.21.4-2.2-4.51.70.0-4.82.133.34.20.0-15.5-24.6

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(Safety Lead-in) Duration of Response (DOR) by Investigator

DOR was defined as the time from first radiographic evidence of response to the earliest documented disease progression (PD) or death due to underlying disease. PD: at least a 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions were evaluated. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From time of response to the earliest documented PD or death due to underlying disease (maximum treatment exposure of 280 weeks)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Combined Safety Lead-in6.47

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(Safety Lead-in) Duration of Response (DOR) by BICR

DOR was defined as the time from first radiographic evidence of response to the earliest documented PD or death due to underlying disease. PD: at least a 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions were evaluated. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From time of response to the earliest documented PD or death due to underlying disease (maximum treatment exposure of 280 weeks)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Combined Safety Lead-in8.15

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(Phase 3) Overall Survival (OS) of Triplet Arm vs. Control Arm - Interim Analysis

OS was defined as the time from randomization to death due to any cause. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From randomization to death due to any cause until 204 deaths were observed (maximum treatment exposure of 89.1 weeks for triplet arm and 52.4 weeks for control arm)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Phase 3: Triplet Arm9.03
Phase 3: Control Arm5.42

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Phase 3: Number of Participants With Clinically Notable Shifts in Urinalysis Laboratory Parameters

Clinically notable shifts was defined as worsening by at least 2 grades or to >= Grade 3 based on CTCAE version 4.03 where Grade 1: mild, Grade 2: moderate, Grade 3: severe, Grade 4: life threatening and Grade 5: death. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment until 30 days post last dose of study treatment (for triplet arm: maximum treatment exposure of 277.4 weeks; for doublet arm: maximum treatment exposure of 268 weeks; for Control arm: maximum treatment exposure of 108 weeks)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Phase 3: Triplet Arm8
Phase 3: Doublet Arm8
Phase 3: Control Arm5

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(Safety Lead-in) Time to Response by Investigator

Time to response was defined as the time from first dose to first radiographic evidence of response. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From first dose to first radiographic evidence of response (maximum treatment exposure of 280 weeks)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Combined Safety Lead-in1.45

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(Safety Lead-in) Time to Response by BICR

Time to response was defined as the time from first dose to first radiographic evidence of response. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From first dose to first radiographic evidence of response (maximum treatment exposure of 280 weeks)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Combined Safety Lead-in1.45

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(Safety Lead-in) Progression-Free Survival (PFS) by Investigator

PFS was defined as the time from first dose to the earliest documented PD or death due to any cause. PD: at least a 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions were evaluated. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From first dose to the earliest documented PD or death due to any cause (maximum treatment exposure of 280 weeks)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Combined Safety Lead-in8.08

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(Safety Lead-in) Progression-Free Survival (PFS) by BICR

PFS was defined as the time from first dose to the earliest documented PD or death due to any cause. PD: at least a 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions were evaluated. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From first dose to the earliest documented PD or death due to any cause (maximum treatment exposure of 280 weeks)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Combined Safety Lead-in5.59

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(Safety Lead-in) Objective Response Rate (ORR) by Investigator

ORR per RECIST, v1.1, was defined as the percentage of participants achieving an overall best response of CR or PR, where CR: disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and normalization of tumor marker level, all lymph nodes must be non-pathological in size (<10 mm short axis), and PR: at least 30% decrease in sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters persistence of one or more non-target lesions and/or maintenance of tumor marker level above the normal limits. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment until 30 days post last dose of study treatment (maximum treatment exposure of 280 weeks)

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Combined Safety Lead-in52.8

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(Safety Lead-in) Objective Response Rate (ORR) by BICR

ORR per RECIST, v1.1, was defined as the percentage of participants achieving an overall best response of CR or PR, where CR: disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and normalization of tumor marker level, all lymph nodes must be non-pathological in size (<10 mm short axis), and PR: at least 30% decrease in sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters persistence of one or more non-target lesions and/or maintenance of tumor marker level above the normal limits. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment until 30 days post last dose of study treatment (maximum treatment exposure of 280 weeks)

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Combined Safety Lead-in41.7

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(Safety Lead-in) Number of Participants With Dose-Limiting Toxicities (DLTs)

(NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 (up to 28 days)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Combined Safety Lead-in (CSLI)5

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(Phase 3) Overall Survival (OS) of Triplet Arm vs. Control Arm - Final Analysis

OS was defined as the time from randomization to death due to any cause. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From randomization to death due to any cause (maximum treatment exposure of 277.4 weeks for triplet arm and 108 weeks for control arm)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Phase 3: Triplet Arm9.82
Phase 3:Control Arm5.88

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(Phase 3) Overall Survival (OS) in Triplet Arm vs. Doublet Arm

OS was defined as the time from randomization to death due to any cause. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From randomization to death due to any cause until 204 deaths were observed (maximum treatment exposure of 89.7 weeks for doublet arm and 89.1 weeks for triplet arm)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Phase 3: Triplet Arm9.82
Phase 3: Doublet Arm9.40

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(Phase 3) Objective Response Rate (ORR) by Blinded Independent Central Review (BICR) Per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), v1.1 of Triplet Arm vs. Control Arm

ORR per RECIST, v1.1, was defined as the percentage of participants achieving an overall best response of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR), where CR: disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and normalization of tumor marker level, all lymph nodes must be non-pathological in size (<10 millimeter [mm] short axis), and PR: at least 30% decrease in sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters persistence of one or more non-target lesions and/or maintenance of tumor marker level above the normal limits. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Duration of Phase 3, approximately 6 months (up to 28 days per cycle)

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Phase 3: Triplet Arm26.1
Phase 3:Control Arm1.9

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(Phase 3) Evaluation of the Model-Based Oral Clearance (CL/F) for Encorafenib

The reported cross-arm CL/F value is a fixed-effect parameter determined from a population PK analysis. The analysis included pooled data from participants enrolled in multiple studies including those who were not enrolled in this study. The NCTID include: NCT01719380, NCT01543698, and NCT01436656. An additional study ARRAY-162-105 is not required to register. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: 2 and 6 hours post-dose on Day 1 of Cycle 1, Predose and 2 hours post-dose on Day 1 of Cycle 2 (each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionLiter/hour (Geometric Mean)
Pharmacokinetic Population of Encorafenib16.4

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(Phase 3) Evaluation of the Model-Based Oral Clearance (CL/F) for Binimetinib

The reported cross-arm CL/F value is a fixed-effect parameter determined from a population PK analysis. The analysis included pooled data from participants enrolled in multiple studies including those who were not enrolled in this study. The NCTID include: NCT01719380, NCT01543698, and NCT01436656. An additional study ARRAY-162-105 is not required to register. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: 2 and 6 hours post-dose on Day 1 of Cycle 1, Predose and 2 hours post-dose on Day 1 of Cycle 2 (each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionLiter/hour (Geometric Mean)
Pharmacokinetic Population of Encorafenib19.0

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(Phase 3) Evaluation of the Model-Based Clearance (CL) for Cetuximab

The reported cross-arm CL/F value is a fixed-effect parameter determined from a population PK analysis. The analysis included pooled data from participants enrolled in multiple studies including those who were not enrolled in this study. The NCTID include: NCT01719380, NCT01543698, and NCT01436656. An additional study ARRAY-162-105 is not required to register. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: 2 and 6 hours post-dose on Day 1 of Cycle 1, Predose and 2 hours post-dose on Day 1 of Cycle 2 (each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionLiter/hour (Geometric Mean)
Pharmacokinetic Population of Encorafenib0.0154

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(Phase 3) Comparison of Time to Response in Triplet Arm vs Doublet Arm Per Investigator

Time to response was defined as the time from first dose to first radiographic evidence of response. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From first dose to first radiographic evidence of response (maximum treatment exposure of 277.4 weeks for triplet arm and 268 weeks for doublet arm)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Phase 3: Triplet Arm1.48
Phase 3:Doublet Arm1.48

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(Phase 3) Comparison of Time to Response in Triplet Arm vs Doublet Arm Per BICR

Time to response was defined as the time from first dose to first radiographic evidence of response. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From first dose to first radiographic evidence of response (maximum treatment exposure of 277.4 weeks for triplet arm and 268 weeks for doublet arm)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Phase 3: Triplet Arm1.43
Phase 3:Doublet Arm1.48

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(Phase 3) Comparison of Time to Response in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm Per Investigator

Time to response was defined as the time from first dose to first radiographic evidence of response. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From first dose to first radiographic evidence of response (maximum treatment exposure of 277.4 weeks for triplet arm and 108 weeks for control arm)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Phase 3: Triplet Arm1.48
Phase 3:Control Arm2.63

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(Phase 3) Comparison of Time to Response in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm Per BICR

Time to response was defined as the time from first dose to first radiographic evidence of response. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From first dose to first radiographic evidence of response (maximum treatment exposure of 277.4 weeks for triplet arm and 108 weeks for control arm)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Phase 3: Triplet Arm1.43
Phase 3:Control Arm1.45

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(Phase 3) Comparison of Time to Response in Doublet Arm vs Control Arm Per Investigator

Time to response was defined as the time from first dose to first radiographic evidence of response. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From first dose to first radiographic evidence of response (maximum treatment exposure of 268 weeks for doublet arm and 108 weeks for control arm)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Phase 3: Doublet Arm1.48
Phase 3:Control Arm2.63

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(Phase 3) Comparison of Time to Response in Doublet Arm vs Control Arm Per BICR

Time to response was defined as the time from first dose to first radiographic evidence of response. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From first dose to first radiographic evidence of response (maximum treatment exposure of 268 weeks for doublet arm and 108 weeks for control arm)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Phase 3: Doublet Arm1.48
Phase 3:Control Arm1.45

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(Phase 3) Comparison of Progression-Free Survival (PFS) in Triplet Arm vs Doublet Arm Per Investigator

PFS was defined as the time from first dose to the earliest documented PD or death due to any cause. PD: at least a 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions were evaluated. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From first dose to the earliest documented PD or death due to any cause (maximum treatment exposure of 277.4 weeks for triplet arm and 268 weeks for doublet arm)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Phase 3: Triplet Arm4.47
Phase 3: Doublet Arm4.27

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(Phase 3) Comparison of Progression-Free Survival (PFS) in Triplet Arm vs Doublet Arm Per BICR

PFS was defined as the time from first dose to the earliest documented PD or death due to any cause. PD: at least a 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions were evaluated. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From first dose to the earliest documented PD or death due to any cause (maximum treatment exposure of 277.4 weeks for triplet arm and 268 weeks for doublet arm)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Phase 3: Triplet Arm4.30
Phase 3: Doublet Arm4.21

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(Phase 3) Comparison of Progression-free Survival (PFS) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm Per Investigator

PFS was defined as the time from first dose to the earliest documented PD or death due to any cause. PD: at least a 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions were evaluated. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From first dose to the earliest documented PD or death due to any cause (maximum treatment exposure of 277.4 weeks for triplet arm and 108 weeks for control arm)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Phase 3: Triplet Arm4.47
Phase 3:Control Arm1.58

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(Phase 3) Comparison of Progression-Free Survival (PFS) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm Per BICR

PFS was defined as the time from first dose to the earliest documented PD or death due to any cause. PD: at least a 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions were evaluated. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From first dose to the earliest documented PD or death due to any cause (maximum treatment exposure of 277.4 weeks for triplet arm and 108 weeks for control arm)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Phase 3: Triplet Arm4.30
Phase 3:Control Arm1.51

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(Phase 3) Comparison of Progression-Free Survival (PFS) in Doublet Arm vs Control Arm Per Investigator

PFS was defined as the time from first dose to the earliest documented PD or death due to any cause. PD: at least a 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions were evaluated. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From first dose to the earliest documented PD or death due to any cause (maximum treatment exposure of 268 weeks for doublet arm and 108 weeks for control arm)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Phase 3: Doublet Arm4.27
Phase 3:Control Arm1.58

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(Phase 3) Comparison of Progression-Free Survival (PFS) in Doublet Arm vs Control Arm Per BICR

PFS was defined as the time from first dose to the earliest documented PD or death due to any cause. PD: at least a 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions were evaluated. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From first dose to the earliest documented PD or death due to any cause (maximum treatment exposure of 268 weeks for doublet arm and 108 weeks for control arm)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Phase 3: Doublet Arm4.21
Phase 3:Control Arm1.51

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(Phase 3) Comparison of Objective Response Rate (ORR) in Triplet Arm vs Doublet Arm Per Investigator

ORR per RECIST, v1.1, was defined as the percentage of participants achieving an overall best response of CR or PR, where CR: disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and normalization of tumor marker level, all lymph nodes must be non-pathological in size (<10 mm short axis), and PR: at least 30% decrease in sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters persistence of one or more non-target lesions and/or maintenance of tumor marker level above the normal limits. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Duration of Phase 3, approximately 6 months (up to 28 days per cycle)

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Phase 3: Triplet Arm26.1
Phase 3: Doublet Arm15.9

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(Phase 3) Comparison of Objective Response Rate (ORR) in Triplet Arm vs Doublet Arm Per BICR

ORR per RECIST, v1.1, was defined as the percentage of participants achieving an overall best response of CR or PR, where CR: disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and normalization of tumor marker level, all lymph nodes must be non-pathological in size (<10 mm short axis), and PR: at least 30% decrease in sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters persistence of one or more non-target lesions and/or maintenance of tumor marker level above the normal limits. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Duration of Phase 3, approximately 6 months (up to 28 days per cycle)

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Phase 3: Triplet Arm26.1
Phase 3: Doublet Arm20.4

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(Phase 3) Comparison of Objective Response Rate (ORR) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm Per Investigator

ORR per RECIST, v1.1, was defined as the percentage of participants achieving an overall best response of CR or PR, where CR: disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and normalization of tumor marker level, all lymph nodes must be non-pathological in size (<10 mm short axis), and PR: at least 30% decrease in sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters persistence of one or more non-target lesions and/or maintenance of tumor marker level above the normal limits. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Duration of Phase 3, approximately 6 months (up to 28 days per cycle)

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Phase 3: Triplet Arm26.1
Phase 3:Control Arm3.7

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(Phase 3) Comparison of Objective Response Rate (ORR) in Doublet Arm vs Control Arm Per Investigator

ORR per RECIST, v1.1, was defined as the percentage of participants achieving an overall best response of CR or PR, where CR: disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and normalization of tumor marker level, all lymph nodes must be non-pathological in size (<10 mm short axis), and PR: at least 30% decrease in sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters persistence of one or more non-target lesions and/or maintenance of tumor marker level above the normal limits. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Duration of Phase 3, approximately 6 months (up to 28 days per cycle)

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Phase 3: Doublet Arm15.9
Phase 3:Control Arm3.7

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(Phase 3) Comparison of Objective Response Rate (ORR) in Doublet Arm vs Control Arm Per BICR

ORR per RECIST, v1.1, was defined as the percentage of participants achieving an overall best response of CR or PR, where CR: disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and normalization of tumor marker level, all lymph nodes must be non-pathological in size (<10 mm short axis), and PR: at least 30% decrease in sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters persistence of one or more non-target lesions and/or maintenance of tumor marker level above the normal limits. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Duration of Phase 3, approximately 6 months (up to 28 days per cycle)

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Phase 3: Doublet Arm20.4
Phase 3:Control Arm1.9

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(Phase 3) Comparison of Duration of Response (DOR) in Triplet Arm vs Doublet Arm by Investigator

DOR was defined as the time from first radiographic evidence of response to the earliest documented PD or death due to underlying disease. PD: at least a 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions were evaluated. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From time of response to PD or death due to underlying disease (maximum treatment exposure of 277.4 weeks for triplet arm and 268 weeks for doublet arm)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Phase 3: Triplet Arm4.80
Phase 3:Doublet Arm5.70

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(Phase 3) Comparison of Duration of Response (DOR) in Triplet Arm vs Doublet Arm by BICR

DOR was defined as the time from first radiographic evidence of response to the earliest documented PD or death due to underlying disease. PD: at least a 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions were evaluated. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From time of response to PD or death due to underlying disease (maximum treatment exposure of 277.4 weeks for triplet arm and 268 weeks for doublet arm)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Phase 3: Triplet Arm4.80
Phase 3:Doublet Arm6.06

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(Phase 3) Comparison of Duration of Response (DOR) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm Per Investigator

DOR was defined as the time from first radiographic evidence of response to the earliest documented disease progression (PD) or death due to underlying disease. PD: at least a 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions were evaluated. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From time of response to PD or death due to underlying disease (maximum treatment exposure of 277.4 weeks for triplet arm and 108 weeks for control arm)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Phase 3: Triplet Arm4.80
Phase 3:Control Arm5.75

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(Phase 3) Comparison of Duration of Response (DOR) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm Per BICR

DOR was defined as the time from first radiographic evidence of response to the earliest documented PD or death due to underlying disease. PD: at least a 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions were evaluated. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From time of response to PD or death due to underlying disease (maximum treatment exposure of 277.4 weeks for triplet arm and 108 weeks for control arm)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Phase 3: Triplet Arm4.80
Phase 3:Control ArmNA

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(Phase 3) Comparison of Duration of Response (DOR) in Doublet Arm vs Control Arm Per Investigator

DOR was defined as the time from first radiographic evidence of response to the earliest documented PD or death due to underlying disease. PD: at least a 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions were evaluated. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From time of response to PD or death due to underlying disease (maximum treatment exposure of 268 weeks for doublet arm and 108 weeks for control arm)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Phase 3: Doublet Arm5.70
Phase 3:Control Arm5.75

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(Phase 3) Comparison of Duration of Response (DOR) in Doublet Arm vs Control Arm Per BICR

DOR was defined as the time from first radiographic evidence of response to the earliest documented PD or death due to underlying disease. PD: at least a 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions were evaluated. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From time of response to PD or death due to underlying disease (maximum treatment exposure of 268 weeks for doublet arm and 108 weeks for control arm)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Phase 3: Doublet Arm6.06
Phase 3:Control ArmNA

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(Phase 3) Overall Survival (OS) in Doublet Arm vs. Control Arm

OS was defined as the time from randomization to death due to any cause. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From randomization to death due to any cause until 204 deaths were observed (maximum treatment exposure of 89.7 weeks for doublet arm and 52.4 weeks for control arm)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Phase 3: Doublet Arm9.40
Phase 3:Control Arm5.88

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(Phase 3) Change From Baseline in the Participant Global Impression of Change (PGIC) in Triplet Arm vs Control Arm, Doublet Arm vs Control, and Triplet vs Doublet

"The PGIC is a measure of participant's perceptions of change in their symptoms over time that can be used as an anchoring method to determine the minimal clinically important difference for other participant reported outcome (PROs). For this assessment, participants answered the following question: Since starting treatment, my colorectal cancer symptoms are: (1) very much improved, (2) much improved, (3) minimally improved, (4) no change, (5) minimally worse, (6) much worse or (7) very much worse." (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Baseline,Cycle (C)1 Day (D)1, C2 D1, C3 D1, C4 D1, C5 D1, C6 D1, C7 D1, C8 D1, C9 D1, C10 D1, C11 D1, C12 D1, C13 D1, C14 D1, C15 D1, C16 D1, C17 D1, C18 D1, C19 D1, C20 D1, C21 D1, C22 D1, C23 D1, End of Treatment, 30 Day Follow Up(each cycle of 28 days)

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange at Cycle 1 Day 1Change at Cycle 2 Day 1Change at Cycle 3 Day 1Change at Cycle 4 Day 1Change at Cycle 5 Day 1Change at Cycle 6 Day 1Change at Cycle 7 Day 1Change at Cycle 8 Day 1Change at Cycle 9 Day 1Change at Cycle 10 Day 1Change at Cycle 11 Day 1Change at Cycle 12 Day 1Change at Cycle 13 Day 1Change at Cycle 14 Day 1Change at Cycle 15 Day 1Change at Cycle 16 Day 1Change at Cycle 17 Day 1Change at Cycle 18 Day 1Change at Cycle 19 Day 1Change at Cycle 20 Day 1Change at Cycle 21 Day 1Change at End of TreatmentChange at 30 Day Follow Up
Phase 3: Triplet Arm3.8-0.1-0.7-0.9-0.9-0.9-0.8-1.1-1.2-0.8-0.5-0.9-0.9-1.3-1.1-1.2-2.0-1.3-2.0-3.0-3.0-3.00.3-0.1

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Phase 3: Number of Participants With Shifts in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) From Baseline to Maximum Grade On-treatment

Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) abnormalities were defined according to CTCAE version 4.03 where Grade 0: Non-missing value below Grade 2, Grade 2: LVEF between 40% and 50% or absolute change from baseline between -10% and < -20%, Grade 3: LVEF between 20% and 39% or absolute change from baseline <= -20%, Grade 4: LVEF lower than 20%. Categories with at least 1 non-zero data values showing any shift in Grade from baseline to 1 day after dose 1 (post-baseline) were reported. Participants whose grade category was unchanged (e.g. Grade 0 to Grade 0) were not reported. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: From start of study treatment until 30 days post last dose of study treatment (for triplet arm: maximum treatment exposure of 277.4 weeks; for doublet arm: maximum treatment exposure of 268 weeks; for Control arm: maximum treatment exposure of 108 weeks)

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Baseline Grade 0 to Grade 2 post baselineBaseline Grade 0 to Grade 3 post baselineBaseline Grade 0 to missing gradeBaseline Grade 2 to missing gradeBaseline missing grade to Grade 0 post baseline
Phase 3: Control Arm0018620
Phase 3: Doublet Arm0120530
Phase 3: Triplet Arm2711701

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(Safety Lead-in) Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of study drug, whether or not considered related to the study drug. Number of participants reporting AEs were reported in this outcome measure. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Duration of safety lead-in, approximately 6 months (up to 28 days per cycle)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Combined Safety Lead-in37

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(Safety Lead-in) Incidence of Dose Interruptions, Dose Modifications and Discontinuations Due to Adverse Events (AEs) - Interim Analysis

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of study drug, whether or not considered related to the study drug. Number of participants with dose interruptions, dose modifications and dose discontinuations due to AEs were reported in this outcome measure. (NCT02928224)
Timeframe: Duration of safety lead-in, approximately 6 months (up to 28 days per cycle)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Combined Safety Lead-in26

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Disease Activity as Per Ultrasound-7 (US-7) Score

Ultrasound 7 score (US-7) Calculates ultrasound score in 7 joints using greyscale and power doppler to evaluate for disease activity (synovitis, tenosynovitis) and damage (erosions) Score minimum value= 0 Maximum value = 108 Higher score indicates worse disease (NCT02930343)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
Group 1- MTX+LEF+HCQ3.5
Group 2- MTX+SSZ+HCQ4

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Indian Health Assessment Questionnaire (iHAQ)

Indian version of Health assessment Questionnaire (iHAQ) Comprises of 12 questions relating to functional activity iHAQ score ranges from 0 to 3 (minimum 0, maximum 3) Higher scores indicate more disability (NCT02930343)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
Group 1- MTX+LEF+HCQ0.7
Group 2- MTX+SSZ+HCQ0.5

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Number of Patients Achieving Good EULAR Response at the End of 12 Weeks

"EULAR response criteria for Rheumatoid arthritis includes- estimation of DAS 28 ESR, that includes-~Tender joint count 28~Swollen joint count 28~ESR~Patient global assessment of health" (NCT02930343)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Group 1- MTX+LEF+HCQ40
Group 2- MTX+SSZ+HCQ37

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Number of Participants With Adverse Drug Reactions

Infections, transaminitis, nausea, vomiting, derranged renal function tests etc (NCT02930343)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Total number of any adverse eventsSerious adverse eventsAny gastrointestinal adverse reactionNauseaDiarrheaSwitch to parenteral MethotrexateRaised liver enzymes > 2 times upper limit normalHerpes labialisupper respiratory tract infectionurinary tract infectionHypertensionhairfallCytopenia
Group 1- MTX+LEF+HCQ150114151051120
Group 2- MTX+SSZ+HCQ2101661141250020

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Number of Participants With Emergent Clinical Chemistry Results Relative to Normal Range

Blood samples were collected to evaluate Albumin, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT), Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST), Total Bilirubin, Calcium, Cholesterol, Creatine Kinase, C-Reactive protein (CRP), Creatinine, Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), Glucose, High Density Lipids (HDL), Potassium, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Low Density Lipids (LDL), Sodium, Phosphorus inorganic, Triglycerides, Total Protein and Urea. Participants were counted in the worst case category that their value changes to (low, normal or high), unless there is no change in their category. Participants whose lab value category was unchanged (e.g. High to High), or whose value became normal, are recorded in the 'To Normal or No Change' category. Participants were counted twice if they had values that changed 'To Low' and 'To High', so the percentages may not add to 100% in such instances. (NCT03028467)
Timeframe: Up to 22 weeks

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Albumin, To LowAlbumin, To Normal or No changeAlbumin, To HighALP, To LowALP, To Normal or No changeALP, To HighALT, To LowALT, To Normal or No changeALT, To HighAST, To LowAST, To Normal or No changeAST, To HighTotal Bilirubin, To LowTotal Bilirubin, To Normal or No changeTotal Bilirubin, To HighCalcium, To LowCalcium, To Normal or No changeCalcium, To HighCholesterol, To LowCholesterol, To Normal or No changeCholesterol, To HighCreatine Kinase, To LowCreatine Kinase, To Normal or No changeCreatine Kinase, To HighCRP, To LowCRP, To Normal or No changeCRP, To HighCreatinine, To LowCreatinine, To Normal or No changeCreatinine, To HighGGT, To LowGGT, To Normal or No changeGGT, To HighGlucose, To LowGlucose, To Normal or No changeGlucose, To HighHDL, To LowHDL, To Normal or No changeHDL, To HighPotassium To LowPotassium, To Normal or No changePotassium, To HighLactate Dehydrogenase, To LowLactate Dehydrogenase, To Normal or No changeLactate Dehydrogenase, To HighLDL, To LowLDL, To Normal or No changeLDL, To HighSodium, To LowSodium, To Normal or No changeSodium, To HighPhosphorus inorganic, To LowPhosphorus inorganic, To Normal or No changePhosphorus inorganic, To HighTriglycerides, To LowTriglycerides, To Normal or No changeTriglycerides, To HighTotal Protein, To LowTotal Protein, To Normal or No changeTotal Protein, To HighUrea, To LowUrea, To Normal or No changeUrea, To High
GSK3196165 180 mg040040040031040130040031040040040121040040031040040040130040130
GSK3196165 45 mg030030030030030030021120030120030021120120030021030030030120030
GSK3196165 90 mg220040040040040130040040040130040031040130031040040040040130031
Placebo040022040040220130022031022040040013040220031022040040040130130

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Area Under the Concentration-time Curve (AUC) From Time Zero to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUC [0-t]), AUC From Time Zero Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC [0-inf]), AUC Over the Dosing Interval (AUCtau) of GSK3196165

Blood samples were collected at pre-dose on Days 1, 8, 15, 29, 57 and 71; and at any time during visit on Days 3, 74, 85, 106, 127 and 155. PK parameters were calculated by non-compartmental analysis using the concentration data after last dosing (Day 71). NA indicates data was not available as geometric mean and/or 95 percent confidence interval could not be calculated when number of participant was not sufficient. (NCT03028467)
Timeframe: Pre-dose on Days 1, 8, 15, 29, 57 and 71; anytime during visit on Days 3, 74, 85, 106, 127 and 155

,
InterventionHour*Nanogram per milliliter (hr*ng/mL) (Geometric Mean)
AUC (0-t), n=2, 3, 4AUC (0-inf), n=0, 1, 2AUCtau, n=1, 3, 4
GSK3196165 180 mg1186604.7461097422.958787570.414
GSK3196165 90 mg386497.495732243.847303167.467

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Maximum Observed Concentration (Cmax) of GSK3196165

Blood samples were collected at pre-dose on Days 1, 8, 15, 29, 57 and 71; and at any time during visit on Days 3, 74, 85, 106, 127 and 155. PK parameters were calculated by non-compartmental analysis using the concentration data after last dosing (Day 71). Only those participants whose parameters could be determined were analyzed. PK Population included all GSK3196165-treated participants from whom PK samples were collected and analyzed. (NCT03028467)
Timeframe: Pre-dose on Days 1, 8, 15, 29, 57 and 71; anytime during visit on Days 3, 74, 85, 106, 127 and 155

InterventionNanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) (Geometric Mean)
GSK3196165 45 mg699.92
GSK3196165 90 mg1444.88
GSK3196165 180 mg3924.10

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Terminal Half-life (t1/2) of GSK3196165

Blood samples were collected at pre-dose on Days 1, 8, 15, 29, 57 and 71; and at any time during visit on Days 3, 74, 85, 106, 127 and 155. PK parameters were calculated by standard non-compartmental analysis from the concentration data after last dosing (Day 71). NA indicates data was not available as 95 percent confidence interval could not be calculated when number of participant was not sufficient. (NCT03028467)
Timeframe: Pre-dose on Days 1, 8, 15, 29, 57 and 71; anytime during visit on Days 3, 74, 85, 106, 127 and 155.

InterventionHour (Geometric Mean)
GSK3196165 90 mg282.85265
GSK3196165 180 mg245.12966

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Number of Participants With Any Adverse Event (AE), Serious AE (SAE) and Adverse Events of Special Interest (AESI)

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. Any untoward event resulting in death, life threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, congenital anomaly/birth defect, any other situation according to medical or scientific judgment that may not be immediately life-threatening or result in death or hospitalization but may jeopardize the participant or may require medical or surgical intervention or event associated with liver injury and impaired liver function were categorized as SAE. AESI included serious infections including serious respiratory infections and tuberculosis and opportunistic infections, neutropenia (grade 3 or 4), respiratory events, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis and injection site reactions. (NCT03028467)
Timeframe: Up to 22 weeks

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Any AEAny SAEAny AESI
GSK3196165 180 mg200
GSK3196165 45 mg200
GSK3196165 90 mg301
Placebo312

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Number of Participants With Emergent Hematology Results Relative to Normal Range

Blood samples were collected to evaluate hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), erythrocytes, reticulocytes, white blood cells (WBC), total neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, platelet count, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Participants were counted in the worst case category that their value changes to (low, normal or high), unless there is no change in their category. Participants whose lab value category was unchanged (e.g. High to High), or whose value became normal, are recorded in the 'To Normal or No Change' category. Participants were counted twice if they had values that changed 'To Low' and 'To High', so the percentages may not add to 100% in such instances. (NCT03028467)
Timeframe: Up to 22 weeks

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
APTT, To LowAPTT, To Normal or No changeAPTT, To HighBasophils, To LowBasophils, To Normal or No changeBasophils, To HighEosinophils, To LowEosinophils, To Normal or No changeEosinophils, To HighESR, To lowESR, To Normal or No changeESR, To HighFibrinogen, To LowFibrinogen, To Normal or No changeFibrinogen, To HighHemoglobin, To LowHemoglobin, To Normal or No changeHemoglobin, To HighHematocrit, To LowHematocrit, To Normal or No changeHematocrit, To HighLymphocytes, To LowLymphocytes, To Normal or No changeLymphocytes, To HighMCHC, To LowMCHC, To Normal or No changeMCHC, To HighMCH, To LowMCH, To Normal or No changeMCH, To HighMCV, To LowMCV, To Normal or No changeMCV, To HighMonocytes, To LowMonocytes, To Normal or No changeMonocytes, To HighTotal neutrophils, To LowTotal neutrophils, To Normal or No changeTotal neutrophils, To HighPlatelet count, To LowPlatelet count, To Normal or No changePlatelet count, To HighPT, To LowPT, To Normal or No changePT, To HighRBC, To LowRBC, To Normal or No changeRBC, To HighReticulocytes, To LowReticulocytes, To Normal or No changeReticulocytes, To HighWBC, To LowWBC, To Normal or No changeWBC, To High
GSK3196165 180 mg040040040040040040040040040040040040130040040040040031
GSK3196165 45 mg030030030030030120210120120030030030120030021030030030
GSK3196165 90 mg130040040040040220130310040040040040031040040310040040
Placebo130040040022031130130220130130031121040040040040040040

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Number of Participants With Urinalysis Dipstick Findings

Urine samples were collected for analysis of presence of glucose and protein in urine by dipstick method. The dipstick test gives results in a semi-quantitative manner, and results for urinalysis parameter of urine protein and glucose can be read as negative, Trace, 1+, 2+ and 3+, indicating proportional concentrations in the urine sample (NCT03028467)
Timeframe: Up to 22 weeks

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Week 4, Glucose, 1+Week 4, Glucose, 2+Week 4, Glucose, 3+Week 4, Glucose, NegativeWeek 4, Glucose, TraceWeek 4, Protein, 1+Week 4, Protein, 2+Week 4, Protein, 3+Week 4, Protein, NegativeWeek 4, Protein, TraceWeek 8, Glucose, 1+Week 8, Glucose, 2+Week 8, Glucose, 3+Week 8, Glucose, NegativeWeek 8, Glucose, TraceWeek 8, Protein, 1+Week 8, Protein, 2+Week 8, Protein, 3+Week 8, Protein, NegativeWeek 8, Protein, TraceWeek 12, Glucose, 1+Week 12, Glucose, 2+Week 12, Glucose, 3+Week 12, Glucose, NegativeWeek 12, Glucose, TraceWeek 12, Protein, 1+Week 12, Protein, 2+Week 12, Protein, 3+Week 12, Protein, NegativeWeek 12, Protein, TraceFollow up (Week 22), Glucose, 1+Follow up (Week 22), Glucose, 2+Follow up (Week 22), Glucose, 3+Follow up (Week 22), Glucose, NegativeFollow up (Week 22), Glucose, TraceFollow up (Week 22), Protein, 1+Follow up (Week 22), Protein, 2+Follow up (Week 22), Protein, 3+Follow up (Week 22), Protein, NegativeFollow up (Week 22), Protein, Trace
GSK3196165 180 mg0013000040100300002200040100300004000031
GSK3196165 45 mg0003000030000300003000030000300003000030
GSK3196165 90 mg0004010021000401003000040000310004010030
Placebo0004010012000400001300040000310004010021

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Change From Baseline in Disease Activity Score for 28 Different Joints C-reactive Protein (DAS28 [CRP]) at All Indicated Timepoints

DAS28 (CRP) is a measure of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis obtained by examination of 28 joints for swelling and tenderness using CRP as a blood biomarker for inflammation. Its components include: Tender/Painful Joint Count 28 (TJC28), Swollen Joint Count 28 (SJC28), CRP and Patient's Global Assessment of Arthritis. DAS28 (CRP) was calculated by 0.56 (square root of TJC28)+ 0.28 (square root of SJC28)+ 0.36 (natural logarithm [CRP+1])+ (0.014*patients global assessment)+0.96. Scores ranges from 0 to infinity, where higher scores indicates high disease activity. Scores higher than 5.1 indicates high disease activity and scores lower than 2.6 indicates remission. Baseline was considered as the latest pre-dose assessment. The change from Baseline is defined as the difference between the post-dose visit value and Baseline value. Adjusted mean and standard error of adjusted mean are presented using Mixed Model for Repeated Measures. (NCT03028467)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to Week 22

,,,
InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
Week 1Week 2Week 4Week 6Week 8Week 12Week 22 (Follow-up)
GSK3196165 180 mg-0.7511-0.6404-1.2502-1.0048-1.2375-0.9415-1.0976
GSK3196165 45 mg-1.3289-0.9744-1.5462-0.8664-0.9231-1.1810-1.7320
GSK3196165 90 mg-0.7356-0.7262-0.9781-0.7330-0.8209-0.63830.2371
Placebo-0.21790.1643-0.0887-0.5455-0.2710-0.8234-0.3044

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Change From Baseline in Heart Rate (HR)

Vital sign measurements including HR was measured after 5 minutes rest before each reading. Baseline was considered as the latest pre-dose assessment. The change from Baseline is defined as the difference between the post-dose visit value and Baseline value. (NCT03028467)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 22 weeks

,,,
InterventionBeats per minute (Mean)
Week 1Week 2Week 3Week 4Week 6Week 8Week 10Week 12Follow up (Week 22)
GSK3196165 180 mg-0.8-5.0-7.0-7.8-0.5-11.5-8.8-7.8-1.3
GSK3196165 45 mg-8.0-5.3-5.3-5.7-7.3-2.71.3-10.0-6.0
GSK3196165 90 mg11.59.510.812.011.01.80.812.56.3
Placebo0.33.01.32.57.35.88.3-2.0-2.3

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Change From Baseline in Respiratory Rate

Vital sign measurements including respiratory rate was measured after 5 minutes rest before each reading. Baseline was considered as the latest pre-dose assessment. The change from Baseline is defined as the difference between the post-dose visit value and Baseline value. (NCT03028467)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 22 weeks

,,,
InterventionBreaths per minute (Mean)
Week 1Week 2Week 3Week 4Week 6Week 8Week 10Week 12Follow up (Week 22)
GSK3196165 180 mg0.80.31.50.32.30.31.00.80.5
GSK3196165 45 mg0.70.01.3-1.7-1.01.3-0.7-0.30.3
GSK3196165 90 mg-1.0-1.00.8-0.5-0.3-1.3-2.3-2.5-1.5
Placebo-2.0-0.50.3-2.51.5-0.30.01.00.0

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Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)

Vital sign measurements including SBP and DBP were measured after 5 minutes rest before each reading. Baseline was considered as the latest pre-dose assessment. The change from Baseline is defined as the difference between the post-dose visit value and Baseline value. (NCT03028467)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 22 weeks

,,,
InterventionMillimeter of mercury (Mean)
SBP, Week 1SBP, Week 2SBP, Week 3SBP, Week 4SBP, Week 6SBP, Week 8SBP, Week 10SBP, Week 12SBP, Follow up (Week 22)DBP, Week 1DBP, Week 2DBP, Week 3DBP, Week 4DBP, Week 6DBP, Week 8DBP, Week 10DBP, Week 12DBP, Follow up (Week 22)
GSK3196165 180 mg-1.01.5-0.86.3-2.33.8-1.50.8-4.3-0.5-0.3-4.31.3-5.5-2.0-4.5-4.3-3.5
GSK3196165 45 mg-7.7-6.7-1.7-11.3-12.7-3.06.7-5.3-4.7-3.30.3-1.0-1.37.711.32.7-1.7-1.0
GSK3196165 90 mg-15.0-4.5-10.5-3.3-1.3-5.8-11.8-2.5-2.5-6.82.0-5.31.35.3-1.5-3.0-3.83.0
Placebo-0.3-1.80.5-5.8-2.0-6.32.32.04.0-1.0-1.5-4.3-1.0-1.0-2.5-2.33.52.8

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Time to Reach Cmax (Tmax) of GSK3196165

Blood samples were collected at pre-dose on Days 1, 8, 15, 29, 57 and 71; and at any time during visit on Days 3, 74, 85, 106, 127 and 155. PK parameters were calculated by non-compartmental analysis using the concentration data after last dosing (Day 71). (NCT03028467)
Timeframe: Pre-dose on Days 1, 8, 15, 29, 57 and 71; anytime during visit on Days 3, 74, 85, 106, 127 and 155

InterventionHour (Median)
GSK3196165 45 mg48.99167
GSK3196165 90 mg70.61667
GSK3196165 180 mg69.80000

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Area Under the Concentration-time Curve (AUC) From Time Zero to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUC [0-t]), AUC From Time Zero Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC [0-inf]), AUC Over the Dosing Interval (AUCtau) of GSK3196165

Blood samples were collected at pre-dose on Days 1, 8, 15, 29, 57 and 71; and at any time during visit on Days 3, 74, 85, 106, 127 and 155. PK parameters were calculated by non-compartmental analysis using the concentration data after last dosing (Day 71). NA indicates data was not available as geometric mean and/or 95 percent confidence interval could not be calculated when number of participant was not sufficient. (NCT03028467)
Timeframe: Pre-dose on Days 1, 8, 15, 29, 57 and 71; anytime during visit on Days 3, 74, 85, 106, 127 and 155

InterventionHour*Nanogram per milliliter (hr*ng/mL) (Geometric Mean)
AUC (0-t), n=2, 3, 4AUCtau, n=1, 3, 4
GSK3196165 45 mg189948.606196562.287

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Change From Baseline in Body Temperature

Vital sign measurements including body temperature was measured after 5 minutes rest before each reading. Baseline was considered as the latest pre-dose assessment. The change from Baseline is defined as the difference between the post-dose visit value and Baseline value. (NCT03028467)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 22 weeks

,,,
InterventionCelsius (Mean)
Week 1Week 2Week 3Week 4Week 6Week 8Week 10Week 12Follow up (Week 22)
GSK3196165 180 mg0.050.220.15-0.15-0.020.050.170.02-0.18
GSK3196165 45 mg-0.200.03-0.30-0.470.070.030.130.00-0.13
GSK3196165 90 mg0.18-0.130.180.20-0.10-0.07-0.02-0.250.25
Placebo0.000.07-0.10-0.20-0.03-0.200.00-0.07-0.47

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Number of Participants With Anti-GSK3196165 Antibody Test Results

Serum samples were collected and tested for presence of antibodies that bind to GSK3196165. The presence of treatment emergent anti-drug antibodies (ADA) were determined using a GSK3196165 bridging style ADA assay with a bio-analytically determined cut point determined during assay validation. Samples taken after dosing with GSK3196165 that have a value at or above the cut-point were considered treatment-emergent ADA-positive. These ADA positive samples were further evaluated in a confirmatory assay, and confirmed positive samples were further characterized by assessment of titer. Baseline was considered as the latest pre-dose assessment. Number of participants with post-Baseline negative or positive anti-GSK3196165 antibody test results were presented. (NCT03028467)
Timeframe: Weeks 2, 4, 12 and 22

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Week 2, PositiveWeek 2, NegativeWeek 4, PositiveWeek 4, NegativeWeek 12, PositiveWeek 12, NegativeWeek 22 (Follow up), PositiveWeek 22 (Follow up), Negative
GSK3196165 180 mg04040404
GSK3196165 45 mg03030303
GSK3196165 90 mg04040404
Placebo04040404

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Number of Participants With Abnormal 12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings

12-Lead ECGs were taken using an ECG machine that automatically calculates the heart rate and measures PR, QRS, QT and corrected QT (QTc) intervals. Number of participants with any abnormal findings in ECG recordings were summarized as clinically significant and not clinically significant. Clinically significant abnormal findings are those which are not associated with the underlying disease, unless judged by the investigator to be more severe than expected for the participant's condition. (NCT03028467)
Timeframe: At Week 12

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Abnormal - Not clinically significantAbnormal - Clinically significant
GSK3196165 180 mg00
GSK3196165 45 mg10
GSK3196165 90 mg10
Placebo10

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Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) Disability Index at Week 24.

Quality of life is assessed using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). The HAQ is a self-reported scale used in studies of rheumatoid arthritis to assess areas such as dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, reach, grip, maintaining hygiene, and daily activities. There are 20 questions in the mentioned 8 sections. In each section, the highest score is considered as the main answer. Scores should be between 0 and 3 and the final answer is the average of scores relating to all sections. An increased score indicates a worsening of the disability. The disability index of Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) at week 24 is reported. (NCT03172325)
Timeframe: Week 24

Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
CinnaGen Adalimumab0.25
AbbVie Adalimumab0.19

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Immunogenicity: Number of Participants With Anti-Drug Antibodies (ADA)

Number of Participants with Anti-Drug Antibodies (ADA) at Week 24. The ELISA method was used for immunogenicity assessments of adalimumab. (NCT03172325)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
CinnaGen Adalimumab5
AbbVie Adalimumab2

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Percentage of Patients With DAS28-EULAR Good and Moderate Responses at Week 24

"The primary variables are the percentage of patients with DAS28-EULAR Good and Moderate Responses at week 24 compared with Humira. Moderate response is defined as decrement of more than 1.2 in patient's DAS score while patient's DAS score is equal to or more than 3.2 or decrement of 0.6-1.2 while patient's DAS score is equal to or below 5.1. Good response is defined as decrement of more than 1.2 in patient's DAS score while patient's DAS score is below 3.2. We used the Disease Activity Score-28 for rheumatoid arthritis with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) to assess disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This score ranges from 2 to 10, and higher values indicate higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR is calculated with the following formula:~DAS28-ESR= (0.56*√(Tender Joint Count)+0.28*√(Swollen Joint Count)+0.7*ln(ESR)+0.014*(global health))" (NCT03172325)
Timeframe: Week 24

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
CinnaGen Adalimumab63
AbbVie Adalimumab63

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The Incidence of Adverse Events

The incidence of adverse events at each visit is recorded based on patients' reports, vital signs, physical examinations, and laboratory tests for systemic safety, including liver function, renal function, complete blood count and clinical chemistries, urinalysis, and hematologic testing. (NCT03172325)
Timeframe: From the time of first treatment up to the last dose of study treatment; 24 weeks.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
CinnaGen Adalimumab23
AbbVie Adalimumab30

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Percentage of Patients Achieving ACR20, ACR50 and ACR70 Response Rates at Week 24

ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70 Response Rates are considered as respectively an Improvement of at Least 20%, 50%, or 70% in American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Score from Baseline at Week 24. (NCT03172325)
Timeframe: Week 24

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Percentage of Patients achieving ACR20Percentage of Patients achieving ACR50Percentage of Patients achieving ACR70
AbbVie Adalimumab897553
CinnaGen Adalimumab927747

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Progression-Free Survival (PFS)

PFS was measured from treatment day 1 until event or censoring. An event was defined as the earliest of the following: death from any cause or disease progression. Subjects undergoing transplant or any other subsequent therapy prior to documentation of PD was censored at that time. Progression of disease deems as 1. 50% increase from nadir in the SPD of any previously identified abnormal node for PRs or nonresponders, 2.Appearance of any new lesion during or at the end of therapy as per IWC criteria. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pralatrexate4.76

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Overall Survival (OS)

OS was measured from treatment day 1 until death or censoring. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: 4 years

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pralatrexate18.00

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Objective Response Rate(ORR) by International Working Group Criteria

"ORR defined as the percentage of subjects with CR, CRu or PR as Best Overall Response.Evaluation of response must be performed within 7 days prior to the projected first dose of cycle 2-4 and then within 7 days prior to the projected first dose of every even-numbered subsequent cycle (i.e. prior to cycles 6, 8, etc). Unscheduled radiological response assessments will be performed earlier if clinical progression is suspected.The primary analysis will be conducted once all subjects have completed cycle 5 treatment or discontinued before. Study treatment may continue per investigator judgment for a maximum of 24 months.~Response will be assessed on the basis of clinical, radiological, and pathological criteria. Response will be assessed by independent central review and by the treating investigator. Central review assessors will be blinded to the response assessments by the treating investigator. The primary analysis will be based on response assessed by central review." (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Pralatrexate37

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Duration of Responses

Duration of response was measured from first day of documented response to disease progression or death, whatever comes first. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: 4 years

Interventionmonths (Median)
Pralatrexate8.67

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Steady State Clearance [CLss] for R-pralatrexate

The PK endpoints was analysed using the PK population. The overall PK population is defined as all subjects who receive at least one dose of Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) and have at least one primary PK parameter. Subjects with non-zero baseline concentrations of >5% of Cmax for either analyte (R-pralatrexate or S-pralatrexate) will be removed from the PK population. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 day 1, Cycle 1 week 6（Pre-injection, end-injection, 30 and 60 minutes, and 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-end injection）

InterventionL/h (Mean)
Pralatrexate-R Cycle 1 Day 1 (30 mg/m2)Pralatrexate-R Cycle 1 Week 6 (20 mg/m2)Pralatrexate-R Cycle 1 Week 6 (30 mg/m2)
Pralatrexate17.191416.378919.8406

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Steady State Volume of Distribution [Vdss] for R-pralatrexate

The PK endpoints was analysed using the PK population. The overall PK population is defined as all subjects who receive at least one dose of Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) and have at least one primary PK parameter. Subjects with non-zero baseline concentrations of >5% of Cmax for either analyte (R-pralatrexate or S-pralatrexate) will be removed from the PK population. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 day 1, Cycle 1 week6(Pre-injection, end-injection, 30 and 60 minutes, and 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-end injection)

InterventionL (Mean)
Pralatrexate-R Cycle 1 day1（30mg/m2）Pralatrexate-R Cycle 1 week6（20mg/m2）Pralatrexate-R Cycle 1 week6（30mg/m2）
Pralatrexate194.1589344.2511329.1892

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Steady State Volume of Distribution [Vdss] for S-pralatrexate

The PK endpoints was analysed using the PK population. The overall PK population is defined as all subjects who receive at least one dose of Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) and have at least one primary PK parameter. Subjects with non-zero baseline concentrations of >5% of Cmax for either analyte (R-pralatrexate or S-pralatrexate) will be removed from the PK population. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 day 1, Cycle 1 week 6（Pre-injection, end-injection, 30 and 60 minutes, and 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-end injection）

InterventionL (Mean)
Pralatrexate-S Cycle 1 Day 1 (30 mg/m2)Pralatrexate-S Cycle 1 Week 6 (20 mg/m2)Pralatrexate-S Cycle 1 Week 6 (30 mg/m2)
Pralatrexate517.16281110.65411680.6116

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Terminal Phase Half-life [t1/2Z] for R-pralatrexate

The PK endpoints was analysed using the PK population. The overall PK population is defined as all subjects who receive at least one dose of Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) and have at least one primary PK parameter. Subjects with non-zero baseline concentrations of >5% of Cmax for either analyte (R-pralatrexate or S-pralatrexate) will be removed from the PK population. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 day 1, Cycle 1 week 6（Pre-injection, end-injection, 30 and 60 minutes, and 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-end injection）

Interventionh (Mean)
Pralatrexate-R Cycle 1 Day 1 (30 mg/m2)Pralatrexate-R Cycle 1 Week 6 (20 mg/m2)Pralatrexate-R Cycle 1 Week 6 (30 mg/m2)
Pralatrexate8.504014.608911.8249

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Terminal Phase Half-life [t1/2Z] for S-pralatrexate

The PK endpoints was analysed using the PK population. The overall PK population is defined as all subjects who receive at least one dose of Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) and have at least one primary PK parameter. Subjects with non-zero baseline concentrations of >5% of Cmax for either analyte (R-pralatrexate or S-pralatrexate) will be removed from the PK population. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 day 1, Cycle 1 week 6（Pre-injection, end-injection, 30 and 60 minutes, and 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-end injection）

Interventionh (Mean)
Pralatrexate-S Cycle 1 Day 1 (30 mg/m2)Pralatrexate-S Cycle 1 Week 6 (20 mg/m2)Pralatrexate-S Cycle 1 Week 6 (30 mg/m2)
Pralatrexate10.863426.250524.8987

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Steady State Clearance [CLss] for S-pralatrexate

The PK endpoints was analysed using the PK population. The overall PK population is defined as all subjects who receive at least one dose of Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) and have at least one primary PK parameter. Subjects with non-zero baseline concentrations of >5% of Cmax for either analyte (R-pralatrexate or S-pralatrexate) will be removed from the PK population. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 day 1, Cycle 1 week 6（Pre-injection, end-injection, 30 and 60 minutes, and 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-end injection）

InterventionL/h (Mean)
Pralatrexate-S Cycle 1 Day 1 (30 mg/m2)Pralatrexate-S Cycle 1 Week 6 (20 mg/m2)Pralatrexate-S Cycle 1 Week 6 (30 mg/m2)
Pralatrexate34.634127.979445.2022

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Time of Cmax Observation [Tmax] for R-pralatrexate

The PK endpoints was analysed using the PK population. The overall PK population is defined as all subjects who receive at least one dose of Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) and have at least one primary PK parameter. Subjects with non-zero baseline concentrations of >5% of Cmax for either analyte (R-pralatrexate or S-pralatrexate) will be removed from the PK population. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 day 1, Cycle 1 week 6（Pre-injection, end-injection, 30 and 60 minutes, and 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-end injection）

Interventionh (Median)
Pralatrexate-R in Cycle 1 day 1（30mg/m2）Pralatrexate-R in Cycle 1 week 6（20mg/m2）Pralatrexate-R in Cycle 1 week 6（30mg/m2）
Pralatrexate0.10000.10000.1000

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Percentage of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events

treatment emergent AE was scheduled to be collected during all subject visits, the data evaluated as clinical significant will be summarized and presented. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: 4 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Pralatrexate98.6

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Time of Cmax Observation [Tmax] for S-pralatrexate

The PK endpoints was analysed using the PK population. The overall PK population is defined as all subjects who receive at least one dose of Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) and have at least one primary PK parameter. Subjects with non-zero baseline concentrations of >5% of Cmax for either analyte (R-pralatrexate or S-pralatrexate) will be removed from the PK population. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 day 1, Cycle 1 week 6（Pre-injection, end-injection, 30 and 60 minutes, and 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-end injection）

Interventionh (Median)
Pralatrexate-S in Cycle 1 day 1（30mg/m2）Pralatrexate-S in Cycle 1 week 6（20mg/m2）Pralatrexate-S in Cycle 1 week 6（30mg/m2）
Pralatrexate0.10000.10000.1000

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Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration [Cmax] for S-pralatrexate

The PK endpoints was analysed using the PK population. The overall PK population is defined as all subjects who receive at least one dose of Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) and have at least one primary PK parameter. Subjects with non-zero baseline concentrations of >5% of Cmax for either analyte (R-pralatrexate or S-pralatrexate) will be removed from the PK population. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 day 1, Cycle 1 week 6（Pre-injection, end-injection, 30 and 60 minutes, and 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-end injection）

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Pralatrexate-S in Cycle 1 day 1（30mg/m2）Pralatrexate-S in Cycle 1 week 6（20mg/m2）Pralatrexate-S in Cycle 1 week 6（30mg/m2）
Pralatrexate3727.85822325.51053439.9695

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Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration [Cmax] for R-pralatrexate

The PK endpoints was analysed using the PK population. The overall PK population is defined as all subjects who receive at least one dose of Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) and have at least one primary PK parameter. Subjects with non-zero baseline concentrations of >5% of Cmax for either analyte (R-pralatrexate or S-pralatrexate) will be removed from the PK population. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 day 1, Cycle 1 week 6（Pre-injection, end-injection, 30 and 60 minutes, and 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-end injection）

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Pralatrexate-R in Cycle 1 day 1（30mg/m2）Pralatrexate-R in Cycle 1 week 6（20mg/m2）Pralatrexate-R in Cycle 1 week 6（30mg/m2）
Pralatrexate4649.68112488.15025064.6667

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Area Under the Curve [AUC] for S-pralatrexate

The PK endpoints was analysed using the PK population. The overall PK population is defined as all subjects who receive at least one dose of Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) and have at least one primary PK parameter. Subjects with non-zero baseline concentrations of >5% of Cmax for either analyte (R-pralatrexate or S-pralatrexate) will be removed from the PK population. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 day 1, Cycle 1 week 6（Pre-injection, end-injection, 30 and 60 minutes, and 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-end injection）

Interventionh*ng/ml (Geometric Mean)
Pralatrexate-S in Cycle 1 week 6（20mg/m2）Pralatrexate-S in Cycle 1 week 6（30mg/m2）Pralatrexate-S in Cycle 1 day 1（30mg/m2）
Pralatrexate1364.76862182.50781674.8773

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Area Under the Curve [AUC] for R-pralatrexate

The PK endpoints was analysed using the PK population. The overall PK population is defined as all subjects who receive at least one dose of Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) and have at least one primary PK parameter. Subjects with non-zero baseline concentrations of >5% of Cmax for either analyte (R-pralatrexate or S-pralatrexate) will be removed from the PK population. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 day1，Cycle 1 week 6(Pre-injection, end-injection, 30 and 60 minutes, and 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-end injection)

Interventionh*ng/ml (Geometric Mean)
Pralatrexate-R in Cycle 1 week 6（20mg/m2）Pralatrexate-R in Cycle 1 week 6（30mg/m2）Pralatrexate-R in Cycle 1 day 1（30mg/m2）
Pralatrexate2350.74023979.10693586.2925

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Time to Response (TTR)

Time to response was measured from first day of treatment to the first date of documented response. (NCT03349333)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionmonths (Mean)
Pralatrexate2.0947

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Serum Riboflavin

Serum Riboflavin in microgram per liter Minimum: 190 Maximum: 341 (NCT03444155)
Timeframe: 20 weeks

,
Intervention"µg/L" (Mean)
Baseline1.5 hours4 hours7 hours6 weeks8 weeks8 weeks - 1.5 hours8 weeks - 4 hours8 weeks - 7 hours14 weeks20 weeks
Panmol-B-Complex231.93233.86240.36247.21264.21232.29230.43237.36244.64258.14257.93
Synthetic Vitamin B-complex234.67245.60254.33252.87265.00238.73233.27243.20250.13271.07274.67

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Serum Total Antioxidant Capacity

Serum total antioxidant capacity in millimole per liter Minimum: 0.31 Maximum: 2.45 (NCT03444155)
Timeframe: 20 weeks

,
Intervention"mM/L" (Mean)
Baseline1.5 hours4 hours7 hours6 weeks8 weeks8 weeks - 1.5 hours8 weeks - 4 hours8 weeks - 7 hours14 weeks20 weeks
Panmol-B-Complex1.151.271.131.221.451.201.681.141.381.461.34
Synthetic Vitamin B-complex1.451.241.231.391.541.311.861.301.181.481.47

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Serum Cobalamin

Serum Cobalamin in picogram per liter Minimum: 159 Maximum: 1230 (NCT03444155)
Timeframe: 20 weeks

,
Intervention"pg/L" (Mean)
Baseline1.5 hours4 hours7 hours6 weeks8 weeks8 weeks - 1.5 hours8 weeks - 4 hours8 weeks - 7 hours14 weeks20 weeks
Panmol-B-Complex381.71387.79384.50388.57442.36414.79414.57389.21404.93483.57421.07
Synthetic Vitamin B-complex440.47453.67447.00442.27506.47450.33454.07432.07453.13564.27494.80

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Serum Total Peroxides

Serum Total peroxides in micromol per liter Minimum: 23 Maximum: 443 (NCT03444155)
Timeframe: 20 weeks

,
Intervention"µM/L" (Mean)
Baseline1.5 hours4 hours7 hours6 weeks8 weeks8 weeks - 1.5 hours8 weeks - 4 hours8 weeks - 7 hours14 weeks20 weeks
Panmol-B-Complex100.00101.64132.55122.1897.3679.2797.2799.9189.18102.91104.91
Synthetic Vitamin B-complex111.17112.67137.08132.7599.5871.2586.9292.5090.17115.83116.33

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Serum Thiamine

Serum Thiamine in microgram per liter Minimum: 36 Maximum: 98 (NCT03444155)
Timeframe: 20 weeks

,
Intervention"µg/L" (Mean)
Baseline1.5 hours4 hours7 hours6 weeks8 weeks8 weeks - 1.5 hours8 weeks - 4 hours8 weeks - 7 hours14 weeks20 weeks
Panmol-B-Complex50.2151.2153.5752.0061.8670.1470.2164.7164.6458.8658.43
Synthetic Vitamin B-complex48.3350.6051.0750.2761.3372.3369.1365.1364.2061.6059.20

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Total Homocysteine

Total Homocysteine in Micromole Minimum: 4.00 Maximum: 40.40 (NCT03444155)
Timeframe: 20 weeks

,
Intervention"µM" (Mean)
Baseline1.5 hours4 hours7 hours6 weeks8 weeks8 weeks - 1.5 hours8 weeks - 4 hours8 weeks - 7 hours14 weeks20 weeks
Panmol-B-Complex8.898.968.688.917.767.897.917.348.007.017.62
Synthetic Vitamin B-complex11.4911.8911.3811.317.858.167.977.398.137.447.95

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Serum Pyridoxine

Serum Pyridoxine in microgram per liter Minimum: 3.8 Maximum: 161.8 (NCT03444155)
Timeframe: 20 weeks

,
Intervention"µg/L" (Mean)
Baseline1.5 hours4 hours7 hours6 weeks8 weeks8 weeks - 1.5 hours8 weeks - 4 hours8 weeks - 7 hours14 weeks20 weeks
Panmol-B-Complex23.1135.4532.9636.6646.4429.2333.7939.1442.9342.2428.38
Synthetic Vitamin B-complex24.3133.8033.2836.5948.9426.9936.9335.7640.4139.9721.39

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Serum Polyphenols

Serum Polyphenols in millimole per liter Minimum: 7.45 Maximum: 10.91 (NCT03444155)
Timeframe: 20 weeks

,
Intervention"mM/L" (Mean)
Baseline1.5 hours4 hours7 hours6 weeks8 weeks8 weeks - 1.5 hours8 weeks - 4 hours8 weeks - 7 hours14 weeks20 weeks
Panmol-B-Complex9.889.739.979.729.499.738.878.258.688.729.67
Synthetic Vitamin B-complex9.579.779.819.549.469.548.718.188.578.829.46

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Serum Folic Acid

Serum Folic acid in nanogram per liter Minimum: 2.20 Maximum: 58.10 (NCT03444155)
Timeframe: 20 weeks

,
Intervention"ng/L" (Mean)
Baseline1.5 hours4 hours7 hours6 weeks8 weeks8 weeks - 1.5 hours8 weeks - 4 hours8 weeks - 7 hours14 weeks20 weeks
Panmol-B-Complex7.4525.2112.8710.3813.8611.0426.6316.3912.6318.5910.46
Synthetic Vitamin B-complex6.0020.7510.938.2315.1810.4331.8714.4312.1918.709.93

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Serum Endogenous Peroxidase-activity

Serum endogenous peroxidase-activity in milliunits per milliliter Minimum: 0.79 Maximum: 9.87 (NCT03444155)
Timeframe: 20 weeks

,
Intervention"mU/mL" (Mean)
Baseline1.5 hours4 hours7 hours6 weeks8 weeks8 weeks - 1.5 hours8 weeks - 4 hours8 weeks - 7 hours14 weeks20 weeks
Panmol-B-Complex3.373.354.375.314.366.053.973.994.353.893.04
Synthetic Vitamin B-complex3.073.904.224.844.345.153.603.935.484.952.96

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events

For the purpose of toxicity monitoring, toxicities are defined as any treatment -related grade 3 or 4 non-hematologic AEs occurred any time during the trial.NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.03 utilized for adverse event reporting. (NCT03488225)
Timeframe: Start of treatment up to 30 days after last dose received.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Neutropenic FeverPeripheral Sensory NeuropathyAllergic ReactionMuscle Weakness
Treatment (Hyper-CVAD, Inotuzumab Ozogamicin)2111

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Participants to Achieve Complete Remission (CR):

Complete Remission (CR) is defined as - Normalization of the peripheral blood and bone marrow blasts /= 100X10^9/L and complete resolution of all sites of extramedullary disease. (NCT03488225)
Timeframe: Start of treatment up to 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Hyper-CVAD, Inotuzumab Ozogamicin)4

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Overall Survival

Time from date of treatment start until date of death due to any cause or last Follow-up. (NCT03488225)
Timeframe: Start of treatment up to 2 years

InterventionMonths (Median)
Treatment (Hyper-CVAD, Inotuzumab Ozogamicin)24

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Number of Participants With Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Negativity

MRD levels continuously assessed during induction and consolidation therapy by 6-color multiparameter flow. MRD negativity defined by a value of at least 10-4 and confirmed on a second bone marrow aspiration/biopsy performed after a subsequent cycle. (NCT03488225)
Timeframe: Start of treatment up to 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Hyper-CVAD, Inotuzumab Ozogamicin)4

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Event-Free Survival

Event-free survival defined as the time interval from date of treatment start until the date of death, disease progression or relapse. (NCT03488225)
Timeframe: Start of treatment up to 2 years

InterventionMonths (Median)
Treatment (Hyper-CVAD, Inotuzumab Ozogamicin)24

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Overall Survival (OS)

Defined as the duration from the date of randomization to the date of death from any cause (NCT03504423)
Timeframe: 38 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
CPI-613, mFolfirinox11.10
Folfirinox11.73

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Progression Free Survival (PFS)

"Defined as the duration from the date of randomization to the date of progressive disease or death from any cause.~Progressive Disease is defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.1), as at least 20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions. In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must have also demonstrated an absolute increase of at least 5 mm. The appearance of one or more new lesions was also considered progression." (NCT03504423)
Timeframe: 38 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
CPI-613, mFolfirinox7.82
Folfirinox7.98

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Overall Response Rate (ORR)

Defined as the rate of Complete Response (CR) plus Partial Response (PR): Per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.1) for target lesions and assessed by MRI: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), at least 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions; (NCT03504423)
Timeframe: 38 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
CPI-613, mFolfirinox104
Folfirinox90

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Overall Survival

Time from date of treatment start until date of death due to any cause or last Follow-up. (NCT03518112)
Timeframe: Time from the first day of treatment assessed up to 3 years, 1 month

InterventionMonths (Median)
Treatment (Blinatumomab, Combination Chemotherapy)16.7

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Number of Participants Negative for Minimal Residual Disease (MRD)

Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) was assessed by flow cytometry. MRD negativity: Absence of detectable leukemia using multiparameter flow cytometry with a sensitivity of NCT03518112)
Timeframe: Up to 3 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Blinatumomab, Combination Chemotherapy)4

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Event Free Survival (EFS) Where Events Defined as no Response, Loss of Response, or Death

"Time from date of treatment start until the date of first objective documentation of disease-relapse. Relapse and resistant disease will be defined based on morphological assessment of bone marrow and peripheral blood.~Complete Remission (CR): Normalization of the peripheral blood and bone marrow with 5% or less blasts in normocellular or hypercellular marrow with a granulocyte count of 1 x 10^9/L or above, and platelet count of 100 x 10^9/L. Complete resolution of all sites of extramedullary disease is required for CR.~Complete remission without recovery of counts (CRi): Peripheral blood and marrow results as for CR, but with incomplete recover of counts (platelets < 100 x 10^9/L; neutrophils < 1 x 10^9/L).~Partial Response (PR): As above for CR except for the presence of 6-25% marrow blasts." (NCT03518112)
Timeframe: Time from the first day of treatment assessed up to 3 years, 1 month

InterventionMonths (Median)
Treatment (Blinatumomab, Combination Chemotherapy)5.7

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Duration of Response

"Response date to loss of response or last follow up. Complete Remission (CR): Normalization of the peripheral blood and bone marrow with 5% or less blasts in normocellular or hypercellular marrow with a granulocyte count of 1 x 10^9/L or above, and platelet count of 100 x 10^9/L. Complete resolution of all sites of extramedullary disease is required for CR.~Complete remission without recovery of counts (CRi): Peripheral blood and marrow results as for CR, but with incomplete recover of counts (platelets < 100 x 10^9/L; neutrophils < 1 x 10^9/L).~Partial Response (PR): As above for CR except for the presence of 6-25% marrow blasts." (NCT03518112)
Timeframe: Time from the first day of treatment assessed up to 3 years, 1 month

InterventionMonths (Median)
Treatment (Blinatumomab, Combination Chemotherapy)4.4

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Participants With a Response

"defined as the percentage of patients achieving complete response (CR) or CR with inadequate count recovery (CRi). Complete Remission (CR): Normalization of the peripheral blood and bone marrow with 5% or less blasts in normocellular or hypercellular marrow with a granulocyte count of 1 x 10^9/L or above, and platelet count of 100 x 10^9/L. Complete resolution of all sites of extramedullary disease is required for CR.~Complete remission without recovery of counts (CRi): Peripheral blood and marrow results as for CR, but with incomplete recover of counts (platelets < 100 x 10^9/L; neutrophils < 1 x 10^9/L)." (NCT03518112)
Timeframe: Up to 3 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Blinatumomab, Combination Chemotherapy)4

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Serum Concentrations of Durvalumab

Serum concentrations of durvalumab are reported. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Ten mins (± 5 mins) post EOI, approximately 1 hour (+ 15 mins) after start of infusion on C1D1 and C5D1; and pre-dose on C2D1 and C5D1

,,,
Interventionμg/mL (Geometric Mean)
C1D1 (EOI)C2D1 (pre-dose)C5D1 (pre-dose)C5D1 (EOI)
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 1500 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel292.535.97NANA
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel374.514.3974.52522.1
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + mFOLFOX380.759.97175.9664.5
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel345.886.20137.9597.9

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Serum Concentrations of Oleclumab

Serum concentrations of oleclumab are reported. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Ten minutes (mins) (± 5 mins) post end of infusion (EOI), approximately 1 hour (+ 15 mins) after start of infusion on C1D1, C3D1, and C5D1; and pre-dose on C3D1 and C5D1

Interventionμg/mL (Geometric Mean)
C1D1 (EOI)C3D1 (pre-dose)C3D1 (EOI)
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 1500 mg + Durvalumab + mFOLFOX412.7134.3571.1

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Serum Concentrations of Oleclumab

Serum concentrations of oleclumab are reported. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Ten minutes (mins) (± 5 mins) post end of infusion (EOI), approximately 1 hour (+ 15 mins) after start of infusion on C1D1, C3D1, and C5D1; and pre-dose on C3D1 and C5D1

,,,,
Interventionμg/mL (Geometric Mean)
C1D1 (EOI)C3D1 (pre-dose)C3D1 (EOI)C5D1 (pre-dose)C5D1 (EOI)
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 1500 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel297.6128.6NANANA
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel710.2211.5870.373.19948.3
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + mFOLFOX734.6368.91181235.71057
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel725.9226.8894.4116.4753.2
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel704.4164.8893.085.99852.8

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Percentage of Participants With DC According to RECIST v1.1 in Dose Expansion Phase

The DC is defined as confirmed CR, PR, or stable disease (SD) (maintained for >=8 weeks). The CR is defined as disappearance of all TLs and NTLs, any pathological lymph nodes (target and non-target) must have reduction in short axis <10 mm, and no new lesions. The PR is defined as at least a 30% decrease in the SoD of TLs (compared to baseline) and no new lesions. Confirmation of CR and PR is required by a repeat, consecutive assessment no less than 4 weeks from date of first documentation. The SD is defined as neither sufficient shrinkage of TLs to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase of TLs to qualify for PD, taking as reference the smallest SoD while on study, and no new lesions. The PD is defined as at least a 20% increase in SoD of TLs, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm of SoD, or unequivocal progression of existing NTLs, or the appearance of new lesion/s. Percentage of participants with DC is reported. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -28 to -1) through 36.1 months (maximum observed duration)

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Dose-expansion, Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel66.1
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel73.7
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel75.7

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Duration of Response (DoR) According to RECIST v1.1 in Dose Expansion Phase

The DoR is defined as the time from the first documentation of an OR until the first documentation of a PD or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first. The OR is defined as best overall response of confirmed CR or PR based on RECIST v1.1 guidelines. The CR is defined as disappearance of all TLs and NTLs, any pathological lymph nodes (target and non-target) must have reduction in short axis < 10 mm, and no new lesions. The PR is defined as at least a 30% decrease in the SoD of TLs (compared to baseline) and no new lesions. Confirmation of CR and PR is required by a repeat, consecutive assessment no less than 4 weeks from the date of first documentation. The PD is defined as at least a 20% increase in SoD of TLs, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm of SoD, or unequivocal progression of existing NTLs, or the appearance of new lesion/s. The DoR is assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -28 to -1) through 36.1 months (maximum observed duration)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Dose-expansion, Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel7.2
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel12.9
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel9.5

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Number of Participants With Dose-limiting Toxicities (DLTs) in Dose Escalation Phase

DLT: Any study drug related Grade (G)3 or higher toxicity including: any G4 immune-mediated AEs, >=G3 colitis/pneumonitis/interstitial lung disease (ILD), >=G3 nausea/vomiting/diarrhea that does not resolve to G2 or less within 3 days of maximal supportive care (MSC), G2 pneumonitis/ILD that does not resolve within 7 days of initiation of MSC, G4 anemia, G3 anemia with clinical sequelae/requires >2 units of red blood cells transfusion, G4 thrombocytopenia/neutropenia >=7 days, G3/4 thrombocytopenia with >=G3 hemorrhage, G4 febrile neutropenia (FN), G3 FN lasting >=5 days while receiving MSC, isolated G3 liver transaminase elevation (LTE)/ isolated G3 total bilirubin (TBL) that does not downgrade to G1 or less within 14 days of onset, isolated G4 LTE or TBL, elevated aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase >3×upper limit of normal (ULN) and concurrent TBL >2×ULN without cholestasis or alternative explanations, any other toxicity judged as a DLT by Dose Escalation Committee. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: From Day 1 to 28 days after the first dose of study drugs

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 1500 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel0
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel0
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 1500 mg + Durvalumab + mFOLFOX0
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + mFOLFOX1

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Number of Participants With Overall Survival Events by CD73 Expression at Baseline in Dose Expansion Phase

The overall survival is defined as the time from the randomization until death due to any cause. For participants who were alive at the time of data cut off, overall survival was censored on the last date when participants were known to be alive. The overall survival is assessed by CD73 expression level either low or high at baseline using the Kaplan-Meier method. The CD73 low is defined as no CD73 expression in tumor cells or <50% of tumor cells with 2+ or 3+ intensity and CD73 high is defined as CD73 expression with 2+ or 3+ intensity in >=50% of tumor cells. The number of participants with overall survival events (deaths) is reported. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -28 to -1) through 38.7 months (maximum observed duration)

InterventionParticipants with event (Number)
Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = High37
Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = High22
Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = High39
Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = Low10
Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = Low10
Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = Low14

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Number of Participants With Overall Survival Events in Dose Expansion Phase

The overall survival is defined as the time from the randomization until death due to any cause. For participants who were alive at the time of data cut off, overall survival was censored on the last date when participants were known to be alive. The overall survival is assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The number of participants with overall survival events (deaths) is reported. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -28 to -1) through 38.7 months (maximum observed duration)

InterventionParticipants with event (Number)
Dose-expansion, Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel47
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel32
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel53

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Number of Participants With Progression-free Survival Events According to RECIST v1.1 by CD73 Expression at Baseline in Dose Expansion Phase

PFS: Time from randomization until first documentation of PD/death due to any cause, whichever occurred first, regardless of whether participant received subsequent anticancer treatment prior to progression. PD:>=20% increase in SoD of TLs and an absolute increase of >= 5 mm of SoD/unequivocal progression of existing NTLs/appearance of new lesion. Participants who had no documented progression and were still alive at the time of analysis were censored at time of latest date of assessment from their last evaluable RECIST v1.1 assessment. PFS is assessed by CD73 expression level either low/high at baseline using Kaplan-Meier method. CD73 low: No CD73 expression in tumor cells/<50% of tumor cells with 2+/3+ intensity. CD73 high: CD73 expression with 2+/3+ intensity in >=50% of tumor cells. Number of participants with PFS events is reported. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -28 to -1) through 36.1 months (maximum observed duration)

InterventionParticipants with event (Number)
Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = High35
Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = High23
Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = High39
Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = Low8
Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = Low9
Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = Low12

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Number of Participants With Progression-free Survival Events According to RECIST v1.1 in Dose Expansion Phase

Progression-free survival (PFS) is defined as the time from randomization until the first documentation of a PD or death due to any cause, whichever occurred first, regardless of whether the participant received subsequent anticancer treatment prior to progression. The PD is defined as at least a 20% increase in sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm of sum of the diameters, or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions, or the appearance of new lesion/s. Participants who had no documented progression and were still alive at the time of analysis were censored at the time of the latest date of assessment from their last evaluable RECIST v1.1 assessment. The PFS is assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The number of participants with PFS events is reported. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -28 to -1) through 36.1 months (maximum observed duration)

InterventionParticipants with event (Number)
Dose-expansion, Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel43
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel32
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel51

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Overall Survival by CD73 Expression at Baseline in Dose Expansion Phase

The overall survival is defined as the time from the randomization until death due to any cause. For participants who were alive at the time of data cut off, overall survival was censored on the last date when participants were known to be alive. The overall survival is assessed by CD73 expression level either low or high at baseline using the Kaplan-Meier method. The CD73 low is defined as no CD73 expression in tumor cells or <50% of tumor cells with 2+ or 3+ intensity and CD73 high is defined as CD73 expression with 2+ or 3+ intensity in >=50% of tumor cells. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -28 to -1) through 38.7 months (maximum observed duration)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = High9.9
Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = High7.9
Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = High12.1
Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = Low22.2
Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = Low16.0
Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = Low16.1

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Overall Survival in Dose Expansion Phase

The overall survival is defined as the time from the randomization until death due to any cause. For participants who were alive at the time of data cut off, overall survival was censored on the last date when participants were known to be alive. The overall survival is assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -28 to -1) through 38.7 months (maximum observed duration)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Dose-expansion, Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel10.8
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel8.9
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel12.9

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Percentage of Participants With Disease Control (DC) According to RECIST v1.1 in Dose Escalation Phase

The DC is defined as confirmed CR, PR, or stable disease (SD) (maintained for >=8 weeks). The CR is defined as disappearance of all TLs and NTLs, any pathological lymph nodes (target and non-target) must have reduction in short axis <10 mm, and no new lesions. The PR is defined as at least a 30% decrease in the SoD of TLs (compared to baseline) and no new lesions. Confirmation of CR and PR is required by a repeat, consecutive assessment no less than 4 weeks from date of first documentation. The SD is defined as neither sufficient shrinkage of TLs to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase of TLs to qualify for progressive disease (PD), taking as reference the smallest SoD while on study, and no new lesions. The PD is defined as at least a 20% increase in SoD of TLs, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm of SoD, or unequivocal progression of existing NTLs, or the appearance of new lesion/s. Percentage of participants with DC is reported. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -28 to -1) through 24.5 months (maximum observed duration)

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 1500 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel42.9
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel71.4
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 1500 mg + Durvalumab + mFOLFOX66.7
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + mFOLFOX62.5

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Percentage of Participants With Objective Response (OR) According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version 1.1 (RECIST v1.1) in Dose Expansion Phase

The OR is defined as best overall response of confirmed complete response (CR) or confirmed partial response (PR) based on RECIST v1.1 guidelines. The CR is defined as disappearance of all target lesions (TLs) and non-target lesions (NTLs), any pathological lymph nodes (target and non-target) must have reduction in short axis < 10 mm, and no new lesions. The PR is defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the diameters (SoD) of TLs (compared to baseline) and no new lesions. Confirmation of CR and PR is required by a repeat, consecutive assessment no less than 4 weeks from the date of first documentation. Percentage of participants with OR is reported. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -28 to -1) through 36.1 months (maximum observed duration)

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Dose-expansion, Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel29.0
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel21.1
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel32.9

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Percentage of Participants With OR According to RECIST v1.1 by CD73 Expression at Baseline in Dose Expansion Phase

The OR is defined as best overall response of confirmed CR or confirmed PR based on RECIST v1.1. The CR is defined as disappearance of all TLs and NTLs, any pathological lymph nodes (target and non-target) must have reduction in short axis <10 mm, and no new lesions. The PR is defined as at least a 30% decrease in the SoD of TLs (compared to baseline) and no new lesions. Confirmation of CR and PR is required by a repeat, consecutive assessment no less than 4 weeks from the date of first documentation. The OR is assessed by cluster of differentiation 73 (CD73) expression level either low or high at baseline. The CD73 low is defined as no CD73 expression in tumor cells or <50% of tumor cells with 2+ or 3+ intensity and CD73 high is defined as CD73 expression with 2+ or 3+ intensity in >=50% of tumor cells. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -28 to -1) through 36.1 months (maximum observed duration)

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = High23.9
Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = High22.2
Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = High31.4
Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = Low43.8
Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = Low18.2
Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = Low36.8

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Percentage of Participants With OR According to RECIST v1.1 in Dose Escalation Phase

The OR is defined as best overall response of confirmed CR or confirmed PR based on RECIST v1.1 guidelines. The CR is defined as disappearance of all target and non-target lesions, any pathological lymph nodes (target and non-target) must have reduction in short axis < 10 mm, and no new lesions. The PR is defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the diameters of target lesions (compared to baseline) and no new lesions. Confirmation of CR and PR is required by a repeat, consecutive assessment no less than 4 weeks from the date of first documentation. Percentage of participants with OR is reported. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -28 to -1) through 24.5 months (maximum observed duration)

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 1500 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel0
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel14.3
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 1500 mg + Durvalumab + mFOLFOX0
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + mFOLFOX12.5

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Progression-free Survival According to RECIST v1.1 by CD73 Expression at Baseline in Dose Expansion Phase

The PFS is defined as the time from randomization until the first documentation of a PD or death due to any cause, whichever occurred first, regardless of whether the participant receives subsequent anticancer treatment prior to progression. The PD is defined as at least a 20% increase in SoD of TLs, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm of SoD, or unequivocal progression of existing NTLs, or the appearance of new lesion/s. Participants who had no documented progression and were still alive at time of analysis were censored at time of latest date of assessment from their last evaluable RECIST v1.1 assessment. PFS is assessed by CD73 expression level either low/high at baseline using Kaplan-Meier method. CD73 low: No CD73 expression in tumor cells/<50% of tumor cells with 2+/3+ intensity. CD73 high: CD73 expression with 2+/3+ intensity in >=50% of tumor cells. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -28 to -1) through 36.1 months (maximum observed duration)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = High5.6
Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = High5.2
Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = High5.5
Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = Low10.5
Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = Low7.6
Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel: CD73 Level = Low10.9

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Progression-free Survival According to RECIST v1.1 in Dose Expansion Phase

The PFS is defined as the time from randomization until the first documentation of a PD or death due to any cause, whichever occurred first, regardless of whether the participant received subsequent anticancer treatment prior to progression. The PD is defined as at least a 20% increase in sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm of sum of the diameters, or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions, or the appearance of new lesion/s. Participants who had no documented progression and were still alive at the time of analysis were censored at the time of the latest date of assessment from their last evaluable RECIST v1.1 assessment. The PFS is assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -28 to -1) through 36.1 months (maximum observed duration)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Dose-expansion, Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel6.7
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel5.6
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel7.5

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Number of Participants With Abnormal Clinical Laboratory Parameters Reported as TEAEs in Dose Escalation Phase

Number of participants with abnormal clinical laboratory parameters reported as TEAEs are reported. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Day 1 through 65.7 weeks (maximum observed duration)

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
AnaemiaNeutropeniaThrombocytopeniaHypothyroidismAlanine aminotransferase increasedAspartate aminotransferase increasedBlood alkaline phosphatase increasedBlood bilirubin increasedBlood creatinine increasedBlood glucose decreasedInternational normalised ratio increasedLymphocyte count decreasedNeutrophil count decreasedPlatelet count decreasedWhite blood cell count decreasedHypoalbuminaemiaHypocalcaemiaHypokalaemiaHypomagnesaemiaHyponatraemiaHypophosphataemiaProteinuriaHyperthyroidismAmylase increasedGamma-glutamyltransferase increasedLipase increased
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 1500 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel32203321011001000010010000
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 1500 mg + Durvalumab + mFOLFOX12200000000011000000000100
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel32214310300123221322100000
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + mFOLFOX01112311000232211212001111

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Number of Participants With Abnormal Clinical Laboratory Parameters Reported as TEAEs in Dose Expansion Phase

Number of participants with abnormal clinical laboratory parameters reported as TEAEs are reported. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Day 1 through 172.1 weeks (maximum observed duration)

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
AnaemiaFebrile neutropeniaLeukocytosisLeukopeniaLymphopeniaNeutropeniaThrombocytopeniaThrombocytosisHyperthyroidismHypothyroidismHypertransaminasaemiaAlanine aminotransferase decreasedAlanine aminotransferase increasedAmylase increasedAspartate aminotransferase increasedBlood albumin decreasedBlood alkaline phosphatase increasedBlood bilirubin increasedBlood creatinine increasedBlood glucose increasedBlood lactate dehydrogenase increasedBlood magnesium decreasedBlood oestrogen decreasedGamma-glutamyltransferase increasedHaemoglobin decreasedInternational normalised ratio increasedLipase increasedLiver function test increasedLymphocyte count decreasedNeutrophil countNeutrophil count decreasedPlatelet count decreasedTroponin I increasedWhite blood cell count decreasedWhite blood cell count increasedHyperglycaemiaHyperkalaemiaHypoalbuminaemiaHypocalcaemiaHypoglycaemiaHypokalaemiaHypomagnesaemiaHyponatraemiaHypophosphataemiaHypovolaemiaIron deficiencyType 2 diabetes mellitusProteinuria
Dose-expansion, Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel17011222620001811113320100600014019131604132044811000
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel28313216131370016115082803008112061242001006163286300101
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel14102015700010908023020111001020890612122023000011

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Number of Participants With Abnormal ECG Parameters Reported as TEAEs in Dose Expansion Phase

Number of participants with abnormal ECG parameters reported as TEAEs are reported. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Day 1 through 172.1 weeks (maximum observed duration)

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Supraventricular tachycardiaTachycardia
Dose-expansion, Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel02
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel03
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel13

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Number of Participants With Abnormal Electrocardiogram (ECG) Parameters Reported as TEAEs in Dose Escalation Phase

Number of participants with abnormal ECG parameters reported as TEAEs are reported. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Day 1 through 65.7 weeks (maximum observed duration)

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Atrial fibrillationTachycardiaAtrioventricular block
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 1500 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel000
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 1500 mg + Durvalumab + mFOLFOX000
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel110
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + mFOLFOX001

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Plasma Concentrations of Nab-paclitaxel

Plasma concentrations of nab-paclitaxel are reported. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Ten mins (± 5 mins) post EOI, approximately 30-40 mins after start of infusion on C1D1 and C4D1; and pre-dose on C4D1

,,,,
Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
C1D1 (EOI)C4D1 (pre-dose)C4D1 (EOI)
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 1500 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel1711NANA
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel2685NA1474
Dose-expansion, Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel2381NA1825
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel2611NA1747
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel2711NA1445

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Number of Participants With Abnormal Vital Signs Reported as TEAEs in Dose Escalation Phase

Number of participants with abnormal vital signs (temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiratory rate) reported as TEAEs are reported. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Day 1 through 65.7 weeks (maximum observed duration)

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
PyrexiaDyspnoeaDyspnoea exertionalHypotensionTemperature intoleranceHypertension
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 1500 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel310200
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 1500 mg + Durvalumab + mFOLFOX000010
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel301100
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + mFOLFOX100101

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Number of Participants With Abnormal Vital Signs Reported as TEAEs in Dose Expansion Phase

Number of participants with abnormal vital signs (temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiratory rate) reported as TEAEs are reported. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Day 1 through 172.1 weeks (maximum observed duration)

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
HypothermiaPyrexiaDyspnoeaDyspnoea exertionalHypertensionHypotensionOrthostatic hypotension
Dose-expansion, Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel01571231
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel121821140
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel01261340

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Number of Participants With Positive ADA to Durvalumab

Number of participants with positive ADA to durvalumab are reported. Persistent positive is defined as positive at >= 2 post-baseline assessments (with >=16 weeks between first and last positive) or positive at last post-baseline assessment. Transient positive is defined as negative at last post-baseline assessment and positive at only one post-baseline assessment or at >= 2 post-baseline assessments (with <16 weeks between first and last positive). Treatment-boosted ADA is defined as baseline ADA positive titer that was boosted to a 4-fold or higher level following drug administration. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Day 1 through 128 weeks (Pre-dose on C1D1, C2D1, C3D1, Day 1 of every 3 cycles starting with C5, through 12 weeks post last dose of durvalumab)

,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
ADA positive at baselineADA positive post-baselinePersistent PositiveTransient PositiveTreatment-boosted ADA
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 1500 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel01100
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 1500 mg + Durvalumab + mFOLFOX00000
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel00000
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + mFOLFOX02200
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel20000

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Number of Participants With Positive Anti-drug Antibodies (ADA) to Oleclumab

Number of participants with positive ADA to oleclumab are reported. Persistent positive is defined as positive at >= 2 post-baseline assessments (with >=16 weeks between first and last positive) or positive at last post-baseline assessment. Transient positive is defined as negative at last post-baseline assessment and positive at only one post-baseline assessment or at >= 2 post-baseline assessments (with <16 weeks between first and last positive). Treatment-boosted ADA is defined as baseline ADA positive titer that was boosted to a 4-fold or higher level following drug administration. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Day 1 through 172.1 weeks (Pre-dose on Cycle [C] 1 Day [D] 1, C2D1, C3D1, Day 1 of every 3 cycles starting with C5, through 12 weeks post last dose of oleclumab)

,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
ADA positive at baselineADA positive post-baselinePersistent PositiveTransient PositiveTreatment-boosted ADA
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 1500 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel01100
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 1500 mg + Durvalumab + mFOLFOX00000
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel00000
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + mFOLFOX01100
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel00000
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel01010

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Number of Participants With TEAEs and TESAEs in Dose Expansion Phase

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. An SAE is an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. The TEAEs are defined as events present at baseline that worsened in intensity after administration of study drug or events absent at baseline that emerged after administration of study drug. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Day 1 through 172.1 weeks (maximum observed duration)

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Any TEAEsAny TESAEs
Dose-expansion, Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel6234
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel7037
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel3724

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Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Treatment-emergent Serious Adverse Events (TESAEs) in Dose Escalation Phase

An adverse event (AE) is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. A serious adverse event (SAE) is an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. The TEAEs are defined as events present at baseline that worsened in intensity after administration of study drug or events absent at baseline that emerged after administration of study drug. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Day 1 through 65.7 weeks (maximum observed duration)

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Any TEAEsAny TESAEs
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 1500 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel74
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 1500 mg + Durvalumab + mFOLFOX30
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel76
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + mFOLFOX84

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Plasma Concentrations of Gemcitabine and Metabolite 2',2'-Difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU)

Plasma concentrations of gemcitabine and metabolite dFdU are reported. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Ten mins (± 5 mins) post EOI, approximately 30-40 mins after start of infusion on C1D1 and C4D1; and pre-dose on C4D1

,,,,
Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Gemcitabine C1D1 (EOI)Gemcitabine C4D1 (pre-dose)Gemcitabine C4D1 (EOI)dFdU C1D1 (EOI)dFdU C4D1 (pre-dose)dFdU C4D1 (EOI)
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 1500 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel3194NANA33700NANA
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel4659NA353032160434.634550
Dose-expansion, Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel3301NA174829510245.123900
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Durvalumab + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel4086NA299826300177.527260
Dose-expansion, Oleclumab 3000 mg + Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel3315NA143132350149.921970

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Serum Concentrations of Durvalumab

Serum concentrations of durvalumab are reported. (NCT03611556)
Timeframe: Ten mins (± 5 mins) post EOI, approximately 1 hour (+ 15 mins) after start of infusion on C1D1 and C5D1; and pre-dose on C2D1 and C5D1

Interventionμg/mL (Geometric Mean)
C1D1 (EOI)C2D1 (pre-dose)
Dose-escalation, Oleclumab 1500 mg + Durvalumab + mFOLFOX309.050.52

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Percentage of Serum Uric Acid (sUA < 6 mg/dL) Overall Responders

Serum uric acid (sUA < 6 mg/dL) overall responders are defined as participants achieving and maintaining sUA < 6 mg/dL for at least 80% of the time during Month 3 and Month 6 (Weeks 10, 12, 14, 20, 22, and 24) combined. Participants with more than one sUA result in Month 3 and Month 6 are considered responders if a participant's weighted proportion of hours that sUA is < 6 mg/dL is greater than or equal to 80%. Participants with the proportion of hours less than 80% are counted as non-responders. Participants with only one value in Month 3 and Month 6 are considered overall responders if they are considered responders in both Month 3 and Month 6. (NCT03635957)
Timeframe: Month 3 and Month 6 combined (Weeks 10, 12, 14, 20, 22, and 24)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Pegloticase With Methotrexate (MTX)78.6

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Percentage of Serum Uric Acid (sUA < 5 mg/dL) Overall Responders

Serum uric acid (sUA < 5 mg/dL) overall responders are defined as participants achieving and maintaining sUA < 5 mg/dL for at least 80% of the time during Month 3 and Month 6 (Weeks 10, 12, 14, 20, 22, and 24) combined. Participants with more than one sUA result in Month 3 and Month 6 are considered responders if a participant's weighted proportion of hours that sUA is < 6 mg/dL is greater than or equal to 80%. Participants with the proportion of hours less than 80% are counted as non-responders. Participants with only one value in Month 3 and Month 6 are considered overall responders if they are considered responders in both Month 3 and Month 6. (NCT03635957)
Timeframe: Month 3 and Month 6 combined (Weeks 10, 12, 14, 20, 22, and 24)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Pegloticase With Methotrexate (MTX)78.6

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Percentage of Serum Uric Acid (sUA < 5 mg/dL) Responders During Month 3

Serum uric acid (sUA < 5 mg/dL) responders are defined as participants achieving and maintaining sUA < 5 mg/dL for at least 80% of the time during Month 3. Month 3 includes pre-infusion and post-infusion sUA assessments at Week 10, pre-infusion and post-infusion sUA assessments at Week 12, pre-infusion assessments at Week 14, and unscheduled assessments between Week 10 and Week 14 pre-infusion. (NCT03635957)
Timeframe: Month 3 (Weeks 10, 12, and 14)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Pegloticase With Methotrexate (MTX)78.6

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Percentage of Serum Uric Acid (sUA < 5 mg/dL) Responders During Month 6

Serum uric acid (sUA < 5 mg/dL) responders are defined as participants achieving and maintaining sUA < 5 mg/dL for at least 80% of the time during Month 6. Month 6 includes pre-infusion and post-infusion sUA assessments at Week 20, pre-infusion and post-infusion sUA assessments at Week 22, pre-infusion assessments at Week 24, and unscheduled sUA assessments between Week 20 and Week 24. (NCT03635957)
Timeframe: Month 6 (Weeks 20, 22, and 24)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Pegloticase With Methotrexate (MTX)78.6

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Percentage of Serum Uric Acid (sUA < 6 mg/dL) Responders During Month 3

Serum uric acid (sUA < 6 mg/dL) responders are defined as participants achieving and maintaining sUA < 6 mg/dL for at least 80% of the time during Month 3 (Weeks 10, 12, and 14). Month 3 includes pre-infusion and post-infusion sUA assessments at Week 10, pre-infusion and post-infusion sUA assessments at Week 12, pre-infusion assessments at Week 14, and unscheduled assessments between Week 10 and Week 14 pre-infusion. (NCT03635957)
Timeframe: Month 3 (Weeks 10, 12, and 14)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Pegloticase With Methotrexate (MTX)78.6

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Mean Change in sUA From Pegloticase Baseline to Weeks 14, 24, 36, 52

The mean change from baseline is based on observed values in participants remaining on treatment at given time point. For sUA values less than the lower limit of detection (up to 1.5 mg/dL), 0 is used in the analysis. (NCT03635957)
Timeframe: Baseline (defined as the last measurement taken prior to the first infusion of pegloticase in the pegloticase + IMM period), Pre- and Post-Infusion at Weeks 14, 24, 36 and Week 52

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Change at Week 14 - pre-infusionChange at Week 14 - post-infusionChange at Week 24 - pre-infusionChange at Week 24 - post-infusionChange at Week 36 - pre-infusionChange at Week 36 - post-infusionChange at Week 52
Pegloticase With Methotrexate (MTX)-9.27-9.31-9.27-9.48-8.13-9.41-8.15

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Percentage of Serum Uric Acid (sUA < 6 mg/dL) Responders During Month 6

Serum uric acid (sUA < 6 mg/dL) responders are defined as participants achieving and maintaining sUA < 6 mg/dL for at least 80% of the time during Month 6 (Weeks 20, 22, and 24). Month 6 includes pre-infusion and post-infusion sUA assessments at Week 20, pre-infusion and post-infusion sUA assessments at Week 22, pre-infusion assessments at Week 24, and unscheduled sUA assessments between Week 20 and Week 24. (NCT03635957)
Timeframe: Month 6 (Weeks 20, 22, and 24)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Pegloticase With Methotrexate (MTX)78.6

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Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) - Parent Reported Change

"The Aberrant Behavior Checklist - parent reported version measures aberrant behavior in children and young adults. There are 58 questions.The scoring of one question can range from 0 (not a problem) to 3 (severe) points on a Likert scale. The total possible score range for the ABC is 0 - 174. Analysis will be performed for mean of total score change over time.~Scoring from 0-3~Not a problem = 0, Slightly = 1, Moderately Serious =2, Severe =3~Lower score indicates better performance." (NCT03771560)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 12

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Folinic Acid Open-label-2.4

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Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) - Parent Reported Change

"Pediatric Quality of Life is reported by parent only and it assesses improvement of the child's overall quality of life through questions about physical, emotional, social and school functioning. There are 23 questions. The scoring of PedsQL questions can range from 0 (Never) to 4 (Almost Always) points on a Likert scale. Questions are reversed scored and linearly transformed to a 0 - 100 scale for data analysis as follows: 0=100, 1=75, 2=50, 3=23, 4=0. The total score = sum of all the questions over the number of items answered on. The total possible score range for the PedsQL is 0 - 100. Analysis will be performed for mean of total score change over time.~Scoring from 0 to 4~Never = 0, Almost Never = 1, Sometimes = 2, Often = 3, Almost Always =4~Higher score indicates better performance." (NCT03771560)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 12

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Folinic Acid Open-label-0.8

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Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) - Parent Reported Change

"The Social Responsiveness Scale - parent reported version measures social ability in children and young adults. There are 65 questions. The questions on the scale with anchors 1 (Not True) - 4 (Almost Always True). The scoring of SRS questions can range from 0-3 (with possible reverse scoring) based on scoring instructions for data analysis. The total possible score range for the SRS is 0 - 195. Analysis will be performed for mean of total score change over time.~Anchors Not True = 1 Sometimes True = 2 Often True = 3 Almost Always True = 4~Lower score indicates better performance." (NCT03771560)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 12

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Folinic Acid Open-label-7.8

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Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) - Teacher Reported Change

"The Social Responsiveness Scale - teacher reported version measures social ability in children and young adults. There are 65 questions. The questions on the scale with anchors 1 (Not True) - 4 (Almost Always True). The scoring of SRS questions can range from 0-3 (with possible reverse scoring) based on scoring instructions for data analysis. The total possible score range for the SRS is 0 - 195. Analysis will be performed for mean of total score change over time.~Anchors Not True = 1 Sometimes True = 2 Often True = 3 Almost Always True = 4~Lower score indicates better performance." (NCT03771560)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 12

Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
Folinic Acid Open-label-0.5

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Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) - Teacher Reported Change

"The Aberrant Behavior Checklist - teacher reported version measures aberrant behavior in children and young adults. There are 58 questions. The scoring of ABC questions can range from 0 (not a problem) to 3 (severe) points on a likert scale. The total possible score range for the ABC is 0 - 174. Analysis will be performed for mean of total score change over time.~Scoring from 0-3~Not a problem = 0, Slightly = 1, Moderately Serious =2, Severe =3~Lower score indicates better performance." (NCT03771560)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 12

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Folinic Acid Open-label1.2

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Percentage of Patients With at Least One Pain Flare-up During the Study

Episode of pain flare-up was defined as presence of at least 1 day with low back pain following a period without pain lasting at least 4 weeks. Therefore pain flare-ups were registered no earlier than 4 weeks after the start of treatment, i.e. starting from Visit 5 (38 days after the start of treatment). The occurrence of pain flare-up was determined by the investigator. (NCT03892707)
Timeframe: From Visit 5 (38 days after the start of treatment) to Visit 9 (End of Study Visit, 94 days after the start of treatment)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
NSAIDs Group35
NSAIDs+Milgamma+Milgamma Compositum Group10

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Number of Treatment Days With NSAIDs

Number of treatment days with NSAIDs was calculated using the data collected on the NSAIDs intake during the study irrespective of the specific drug used. Duration of each intake period was determined as Stop date - Start date +1 and, finally, all individual duration values were summed up. In case medication intake was ongoing at the End of Study Visit, stop date was imputed by the date of study completion. (NCT03892707)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Visit 9 (End of Study Visit, 94 days after the start of treatment)/ Early Discontinuation Visit

InterventionDays of treatment (Mean)
NSAIDs Group9.6
NSAIDs+Milgamma+Milgamma Compositum Group10.6

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Change of Pain Intensity Over Time

Pain intensity was measured using 0-10 point Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). NRS is 11-step scale for assessment of pain intensity at the moment of patient's examination ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable). Pain intensity was measured at baseline, at 5, 10, 24 and 38 days after the start of treatment. A mixed model repeated measures was used to analyze change from baseline in pain intensity over time from Baseline to Visit 5 (38 days after the start of treatment) in each group. The model included a random effect for subject and fixed effect terms for treatment, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, baseline pain intensity. An unstructured covariance structure was used to model the within-subject errors. P-value was calculated for the difference between treatment groups. (NCT03892707)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Visit 5 (38 days after the start of treatment)

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
NSAIDs Group-5.1
NSAIDs+Milgamma+Milgamma Compositum Group-4.4

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Change of Pain Intensity After 5, 24 and 38 Days of Treatment

Pain intensity was measured using 0-10 point Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). NRS is 11-step scale for assessment of pain intensity at the moment of patient's examination ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable). Pain intensity was measured at baseline, at 5, 24 and 38 days after the start of treatment.Changes of pain intensity from baseline to Day 5, from baseline to Day 24 and from baseline to Day 38 after the start of treatment were calculated separately. (NCT03892707)
Timeframe: Baseline; Visit 2 (5 days after the start of treatment), Visit 4 (24 days after the start of treatment); Visit 5 (38 days after the start of treatment)

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Change of pain intensity from baseline to Day 5 after the start of treatmentChange of pain intensity from baseline to Day 24 after the start of treatmentChange of pain intensity from baseline to Day 38 after the start of treatment
NSAIDs Group-3.1-6.1-6.3
NSAIDs+Milgamma+Milgamma Compositum Group-2.4-5.3-6.0

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Patient Satisfaction With Treatment

Patient satisfaction with treatment was evaluated using a 5-point verbal rating scale (1= very dissatisfied, 2= dissatisfied, 3= neutral, 4= satisfied, 5= very satisfied) after 5, 10, 38 days and 3 months (94 days) since the start of treatment. (NCT03892707)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (5 days after the start of treatment); Visit 3 (10 days after the start of treatment); Visit 5 (38 days after the start of treatment) and Visit 9 (94 days after the start of treatment)

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Visit 2 (5 days after the start of treatment)Visit 3 (10 days after the start of treatment)Visit 5 (38 days after the start of treatment)Visit 9 (94 days after the start of treatment)
NSAIDs Group3.84.24.54.6
NSAIDs+Milgamma+Milgamma Compositum Group3.84.14.54.7

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Percentage of Patients With 30% Low Back Pain Relief After 5, 10, 24 and 38 Days of Treatment.

Pain intensity was measured using 0-10 point Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). NRS is 11-step scale for assessment of pain intensity at the moment of patient's examination ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable). Relief in pain intensity was defined as 100%*(pain intensity at baseline - pain intensity at Visit 2, 3, 4 or 5)/ pain intensity at baseline. Percentage of patients showing at least 30% low back pain relief at Visit 2 (5 days after the start of treatment), at Visit 3 (10 days after the start of treatment), at Visit 4 (24 days after the start of treatment) and at Visit 5 (38 days after the start of treatment) were calculated separately. (NCT03892707)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (5 days after the start of treatment); Visit 3 (10 days after the start of treatment); Visit 4 (24 days after the start of treatment) and Visit 5 (38 days after the start of treatment)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Number and percentage of patients with 30% pain relief at Day 5 after the start of treatmentNumber and percentage of patients with 30% pain relief at Day 10 after the start of treatmentNumber and percentage of patients with 30% pain relief at Day 24 after the start of treatmentNumber and percentage of patients with 30% pain relief at Day 38 after the start of treatment
NSAIDs Group194235241244
NSAIDs+Milgamma+Milgamma Compositum Group140214240241

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Percentage of Patients With at Least One Pain Flare-up Resulting in Consultancy With Physician, Resulting in Disruption of Daily Activity, and Resulting in NSAIDs Intake

"Episode of pain flare-up was defined as presence of at least 1 day with low back pain following a period without pain lasting at least 4 weeks. Therefore pain flare-ups were registered no earlier than 4 weeks after the start of treatment, i.e. starting from Visit 5 (38 days after the start of treatment). The occurrence of pain flare-up was determined by the investigator.~Percentages of patients with at least one pain flare-up resulting in consultancy with physician or professional management, resulting in disruption of daily activity, and resulting in NSAIDs intake were analyzed separately." (NCT03892707)
Timeframe: From Visit 5 (38 days after the start of treatment) to Visit 9 (End of Study Visit, 94 days after the start of treatment)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Patients with at least one pain flare-up resulting in consultancy with physicianPatients with at least one pain flare-up resulting in disruption of daily activityPatients with at least one pain flare-up resulting in NSAIDs intake
NSAIDs Group42019
NSAIDs+Milgamma+Milgamma Compositum Group448

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Prescribed and Actual Number of Milgamma® Injections

Prescribed number of Milgamma® injections was reported at Baseline visit. Actual number of injections was calculated by counting the number of injections administered and reported starting from Visit 2. If the treatment was interrupted, the days patient did not receive Milgamma® injections were not contribute to the total number of injections. (NCT03892707)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Visit 9 (End of Study Visit, 94 days after the start of treatment)/ Early Discontinuation Visit

Interventionnumber of injections (Mean)
Prescribed exposure of Milgamma® injectionsActual exposure of Milgamma® injections
NSAIDs+Milgamma+Milgamma Compositum Group9.39.3

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Prescribed and Actual Number of Treatment Days With Milgamma® Compositum

Prescribed number of treatment days with Milgamma® compositum intake was reported at Baseline visit. Actual number of treatment days was calculated by summing up all the individual periods of treatment with Milgamma® compositum (in days) reported starting from Visit 2. If the treatment was interrupted, the days patient did not receive Milgamma® compositum were not contribute to the total number of treatment days with Milgamma® compositum intake. (NCT03892707)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Visit 9 (End of Study Visit, 94 days after the start of treatment)/ Early Discontinuation Visit

InterventionDays of treatment (Mean)
Prescribed exposure of Milgamma® compositumActual exposure of Milgamma® compositum
NSAIDs+Milgamma+Milgamma Compositum Group30.129.9

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Change of Pain Intensity After 10 Days of Treatment

Pain intensity was measured using 0-10 point Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). NRS is 11-step scale for assessment of pain intensity at the moment of patient's examination ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable). Pain intensity was measured at baseline and at 10 days after the start of treatment. (NCT03892707)
Timeframe: Baseline; Visit 3 (10 days after the start of treatment)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
NSAIDs Group-5.1
NSAIDs+Milgamma+Milgamma Compositum Group-4.0

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Overall Response Rate (ORR) Per RECIST 1.1 as Assessed by Blinded Central Imaging

ORR was defined as the percentage of participants in the analysis population who had a Complete Response (CR: Disappearance of all target lesions) or a Partial Response (PR: ≥30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters) per RECIST 1.1. The percentage of participants who experienced a CR or PR is presented. (NCT03950674)
Timeframe: Through Database Cutoff Date of 20-May-2019 (Up to approximately 31.2 months)

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Pembrolizumab56.0
Control33.3

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Number of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event (AE)

An AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a study participant administered study drug and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this study drug. The number of participants who experienced an AE is presented. (NCT03950674)
Timeframe: Through Database Cutoff Date of 20-May-2019 (Up to approximately 31.2 months)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Pembrolizumab25
Control15

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Number of Participants Who Discontinued Any Study Drug Due to an AE

The number of participants who discontinued any randomized study drug due to an AE is presented. (NCT03950674)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 24 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Pembrolizumab9
Control3

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Duration of Response (DOR) Per RECIST 1.1 as Assessed by Blinded Central Imaging

For participants who demonstrated a confirmed CR (disappearance of all target lesions) or PR (≥30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions) per RECIST 1.1, DOR was defined as the time from first documented evidence of a CR or PR until PD or death. DOR for participants who had not progressed or died at the time of analysis was censored at the date of their last tumor assessment. Per RECIST 1.1, PD was defined as ≥20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions. In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also have demonstrated an absolute increase of ≥5 mm. Note: The appearance of one or more new lesions was also considered PD. DOR assessments were based on blinded central imaging review with confirmation. The DOR per RECIST 1.1 for all participants who experienced a confirmed CR or PR is presented. (NCT03950674)
Timeframe: From time of first documented evidence of CR or PR through database cutoff date of 20-May-2019 (Up to approximately 31.2 months)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Pembrolizumab13.6
Control9.7

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Progression-Free Survival (PFS) Per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 as Assessed by Blinded Central Imaging

PFS was defined as the time from randomization to the first documented progressive disease (PD) or death due to any cause, whichever occurred first. Per RECIST 1.1, PD was defined as ≥20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study. In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of ≥5 mm. Note: The appearance of one or more new lesions was also considered PD. The PFS per RECIST 1.1 is presented. (NCT03950674)
Timeframe: Through Database Cutoff Date of 20-May-2019 (Up to approximately 31.2 months)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Pembrolizumab16.5
Control7.1

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Overall Survival (OS)

OS was defined as the time from randomization to death due to any cause. Participants without documented death at the time of the analysis were censored at the date of the last follow-up. The OS is presented. (NCT03950674)
Timeframe: Through Database Cutoff Date of 20-May-2019 (Up to approximately 31.2 months)

InterventionMonths (Median)
PembrolizumabNA
Control25.9

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Percentage of sUA (sUA < 6 mg/dL) Responders During Month 12

Responders are defined as participants achieving and maintaining sUA <6 mg/dL for at least 80% of the time during Month 12 (Weeks 48, 50 and 52). Month 12 includes pre- and post-infusion sUA Weeks 48 and 50, pre-infusion sUA at Week 52, and any unscheduled sUA assessments done at unscheduled visits between Week 48 and 52. A participant must have had ≥ 2 sUA observations from different visits in order to be eligible as a responder. Participants meeting the stopping rule (those with a pre-infusion sUA >6 mg/dL at 2 consecutive scheduled trial visits beginning with the Week 2 Visit stopped pegloticase dosing) were counted as non-responders. (NCT03994731)
Timeframe: Month 12 (Weeks 48, 50 and 52)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Pegloticase + MTX60.0
Pegloticase + Placebo30.8

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Percentage of Serum Uric Acid (sUA) Responders (sUA < 6 mg/dL) During Month 6

Responders are defined as participants achieving and maintaining sUA < 6 mg/dL for at least 80% of the time during Month 6. Month 6 includes pre- and post-infusion sUA assessments at Weeks 20 and 22, non-infusion sUA at Weeks 21 and 23, pre-infusion sUA at Week 24 and any unscheduled sUA between Week 20 and Week 24. A participant must have had ≥ 2 sUA observations from different visits in order to be eligible as a responder. Participants meeting the stopping rule (those with a pre-infusion sUA >6 mg/dL at 2 consecutive scheduled trial visits beginning with the Week 2 Visit stopped pegloticase dosing) were counted as non-responders. (NCT03994731)
Timeframe: Month 6 (Weeks 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Pegloticase + MTX71.0
Pegloticase + Placebo38.5

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Percentage of Participants With Complete Resolution of ≥ 1 Tophi at Week 52

Percentage of participants with complete resolution of ≥ 1 tophi (using digital photography) at Week 52 in participants with tophi at baseline. Participants with resolution of ≥ 1 tophi at a visit are participants with resolution of ≥ 1 tophi at the visit (i.e. have complete response), and no progressive disease for any other tophi. (NCT03994731)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Pegloticase + MTX53.8
Pegloticase + Placebo31.0

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Mean Change From Baseline in Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) Score at Week 52

HAQ-DI is a self-report functional status instrument that is filled out by the participant and measures disability over the past week via 20 questions relating to 8 domains of function: dressing, grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip, and usual activities. The HAQ-DI ranges from 0 to 3 with higher values indicating higher disability. A change from baseline value of 0 is imputed at the first post-baseline visit for any participants without post-baseline values. (NCT03994731)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52

Interventionscore on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Pegloticase + MTX-0.35
Pegloticase + Placebo-0.31

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Mean Change From Baseline in HAQ Health Score at Week 52

The HAQ health scale is a self-reported measure of overall health. Participants are asked to rate how they are doing, considering all the ways arthritis affects them, on a scale of 0 to 100, where 0 represents very well and 100 represents very poor. A change from baseline value of 0 is imputed at the first post-baseline visit for any participants without post-baseline values. (NCT03994731)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52

Interventionscore on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Pegloticase + MTX-28.85
Pegloticase + Placebo-18.69

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Mean Change From Baseline HAQ Pain Score at Week 52

The HAQ-Pain score rates the participant's pain over the past week from 0 to 100 with 0 = no pain and 100 = severe pain. A change from baseline value of 0 is imputed at the first post-baseline visit for any participants without post-baseline values. (NCT03994731)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52

Interventionscore on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Pegloticase + MTX-31.02
Pegloticase + Placebo-22.59

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Number of Participants With Hospitalization or Mortality

Number of participants with hospitalization or mortality (NCT04354428)
Timeframe: Day 28 after enrolment

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Ascorbic Acid and Folic Acid4
Hydroxychloroquine and Folic Acid2
Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin3
Lopinavir-ritonavir0
Ascorbic Acid1

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Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events and Adverse Events Resulting in Treatment Discontinuation

Serious adverse events (including death and hospitalization) and adverse events resulting in treatment discontinuation (NCT04354428)
Timeframe: 28 days from enrolment

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Ascorbic Acid and Folic Acid6
Hydroxychloroquine and Folic Acid6
Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin8
Lopinavir-ritonavir9
Ascorbic Acid1

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Time to Clearance of Nasal SARS-CoV-2

Time to clearance of nasal SARS-CoV-2, defined as 2 consecutive negative swabs (NCT04354428)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 14 after enrolment

InterventionDays (Median)
Ascorbic Acid and Folic Acid7
Hydroxychloroquine and Folic Acid5
Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin6
Lopinavir-ritonavir4
Ascorbic Acid5

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Time to Resolution of COVID-19 Symptom Resolution in Days

"COVID-19 symptoms are based on the following criteria:~At least TWO of the following symptoms: Fever (≥ 38ºC), chills, rigors, myalgia, headache, sore throat, new olfactory and taste disorder(s), OR~At least ONE of the following symptoms: cough, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, OR~Severe respiratory illness with at least 1 of the following:~Clinical or radiological evidence of pneumonia, OR~Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), OR~LRTI, defined by resting SpO2<93% sustained for 2 readings 2 hours apart AND presence of subjective dyspnea or cough Death or COVID-19-related hospitalizations will count as a failure to resolve symptoms." (NCT04354428)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 14 after enrolment

InterventionDays (Median)
Ascorbic Acid and Folic Acid11.5
Hydroxychloroquine and Folic Acid10.5
Hydroxychloroquine and AzithromycinNA
Lopinavir-ritonavirNA
Ascorbic AcidNA

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Number of Persons With Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI), Defined as Resting Blood Oxygen Saturation (SpO2<93%) Level Sustained for 2 Readings 2 Hours Apart and Presence of Subjective Dyspnea or Cough

Resting blood oxygen saturation (SpO2<93%) level sustained for 2 readings 2 hours apart and presence of subjective dyspnea or cough (NCT04354428)
Timeframe: 28 days from enrolment

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Ascorbic Acid and Folic Acid2
Hydroxychloroquine and Folic Acid0
Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin4
Lopinavir-ritonavir2
Ascorbic Acid1

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SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
acetylcarnitine
Acetylcarnitine: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.		8.82161O-acylcarnitinehuman metabolite
ethylene dichloride
ethylene dichloride: RN given refers to 1,2-isomer; structure given in first source. 1,2-dichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2.		2.7430chloroethaneshepatotoxic agent;
mutagen;
non-polar solvent
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene with chloro substituents at positions 1, 2 and 4.		2.0410trichlorobenzene
alpha-hydroxyglutarate
2-hydroxyglutarate : A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid.. 2-hydroxyglutaric acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid in which one hydrogen alpha- to a carboxylic acid group is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.02102-hydroxydicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		metabolite;
mouse metabolite
provitamin c
provitamin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; NM refers to (L-xylo)-isomer; structure		2.4420hexose
alpha-ketoglutaric acid
2-oxoglutaric acid : An oxo dicarboxylic acid that consists of glutaric acid bearing an oxo substituent at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in Krebs cycle.		210oxo dicarboxylic acidfundamental metabolite
alpha-ketobutyric acid
alpha-ketobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-oxo derivative of butanoic acid.		1.93102-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
short-chain fatty acid
protocatechuic acid
protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.		7.7630catechols;
dihydroxybenzoic acid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
acetoacetic acid
acetoacetic acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent.		2.63303-oxo fatty acid;
ketone body		metabolite
3-mercaptopyruvic acid
3-mercaptopyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3-mercaptopyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid substituted by a sulfanyl group at position 3.		2.13102-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
thiol		antidote to cyanide poisoning;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phosphoserine
Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.		210non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
O-phosphoamino acid;
serine derivative		human metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.		11.39170amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
aminolevulinic acid
Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.		8.25604-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
delta-amino acid		antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.		4.3130hydroxytryptophanhuman metabolite;
neurotransmitter
5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine
5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine: enzyme cofactor for certain oxidoreductases		1.9310pteridinescofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite
ethylene glycol
Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.		2.4620ethanediol;
glycol		metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
solvent;
toxin
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		3.3970monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.		9.94120aldehydecarcinogenic agent;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
electron acceptor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
teratogenic agent
acetamide
acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.		2.0510acetamides;
carboximidic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia
acetone
methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).		3.3370ketone body;
methyl ketone;
propanones;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent
adenine
[no description available]		7.646406-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
adipic acid
adipic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,4-dicarboxy derivative of butane.		2.4110alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		food acidity regulator;
human xenobiotic metabolite
agmatine
Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.		2.0410guanidines;
primary amino compound		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
allantoin
[no description available]		3.4720imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
ureas		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
vulnerary
curdlan
D-hexose : A hexose that has D-configuration at position 5.		2.3110hexose
ammonium hydroxide
azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.		6.26111azane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
nucleophilic reagent;
refrigerant
anthranilic acid
anthranilic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #565. anthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid having a single amino substituent located at position 2. It is a metabolite produced in L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the central nervous system.		1.9410aminobenzoic acidhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
arsenic acid
arsenic acid: RN given refers to orthoarsenic acid(H3AsO4); see also sodium arsenate. arsenic acid : An arsenic oxoacid comprising one oxo group and three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom.		2.7330arsenic oxoacidEscherichia coli metabolite
quinacrine
Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.		3.2260acridines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimalarial;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
beta-alanine
[no description available]		3.8130amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid		agonist;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
inhibitor;
neurotransmitter
benzene
[no description available]		8.5590aromatic annulene;
benzenes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
non-polar solvent
benzoic acid
Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.		1.9610benzoic acidsalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
benzyl alcohol
Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.		2.0410benzyl alcoholsantioxidant;
fragrance;
metabolite;
solvent
betaine
glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.		18.2420724amino-acid betaine;
glycine derivative		fundamental metabolite
bromide
Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)		2.6530halide anion;
monoatomic bromine
butyric acid
Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.		3.1450fatty acid 4:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		human urinary metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
cadaverine
[no description available]		1.9410alkane-alpha,omega-diamineDaphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
carbamates
[no description available]		4.6921amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.		4.2941carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound		biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent
formic acid
formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.		10.56621monocarboxylic acidantibacterial agent;
astringent;
metabolite;
protic solvent;
solvent
carnitine
[no description available]		17.341323amino-acid betainehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
catechol
[no description available]		7.4720catecholsallelochemical;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).		7.2660alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound		bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas
choline
[no description available]		19.2336022cholinesallergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aconitic acid
Aconitic Acid: A tricarboxylic acid with the formula (COOH)-CH2-C(COOH)=CH-COOH.. aconitic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is prop-1-ene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 3.		2.1310tricarboxylic acid
citric acid, anhydrous
Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.		4.11140tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		4.66290halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.		3.0450chlorine molecular entity;
gas molecular entity;
hydrogen halide;
mononuclear parent hydride		mouse metabolite
coumarin
2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative		2.9240coumarinsfluorescent dye;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		8.5580monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
octane
Octanes: Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. octane : A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms.		2.0410alkanexenobiotic
phloroglucinol
Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.		2.5420benzenetriol;
phenolic donor		algal metabolite
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		4.8171trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.		9.8950gas molecular entity;
hydracid;
mononuclear parent hydride;
sulfur hydride		Escherichia coli metabolite;
genotoxin;
metabolite;
signalling molecule;
toxin;
vasodilator agent
4-aminophenol
4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.		2.0510aminophenolallergen;
metabolite
nornicotine
nornicotine: agricultural or horticultural insecticide; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; structure		2.0810
trimethylenediamine
trimethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. trimethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine comprising a propane skeleton with amino substituents at positions 1 and 3.		2.1110alkane-alpha,omega-diaminehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
reagent
3-hydroxybutyric acid
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.		4.8871(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid;
3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		human metabolite
bupropion
Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		4.2850aromatic ketone;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
n(1)-methylnicotinamide
N(1)-methylnicotinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinium ion comprising nicotinamide having a methyl group at the 1-position. It is a metabolite of nicotinamide which was initially considered to be biologically inactive but has emerged as an anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory agent.		3.4420pyridinium ionalgal metabolite;
anti-inflammatory agent;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guaiacol
Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.		2.0710guaiacolsdisinfectant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
expectorant;
plant metabolite
2-aminoadipic acid
2-Aminoadipic Acid: A metabolite in the principal biochemical pathway of lysine. It antagonizes neuroexcitatory activity modulated by the glutamate receptor, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; (NMDA).. 2-aminoadipic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is adipic acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. An intermediate in the formation of lysine.		3.0850amino dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite;
mammalian metabolite
methylmalonic acid
Methylmalonic Acid: A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.. methylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.		24.524553C4-dicarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
n(g),n(g')-dimethyl-l-arginine
N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine		112410alpha-amino acid
2-methylcitric acid
2-methylcitric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		6.131tricarboxylic acid
malic acid
malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.		2.37202-hydroxydicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
phosphonoacetic acid
Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		3.3711monocarboxylic acid;
phosphonic acids		antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.		1.9510catechols;
dihydroxyphenylacetic acid		human metabolite
aminocaproic acid
Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.		9.6380amino acid zwitterion;
epsilon-amino acid;
omega-amino fatty acid		antifibrinolytic drug;
hematologic agent;
metabolite
creatine
[no description available]		14.415013glycine derivative;
guanidines;
zwitterion		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical
cytosine
[no description available]		10.85273aminopyrimidine;
pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		17.299452-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
diacetyl
butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.		2.3820alpha-diketoneEscherichia coli metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydrolipoamide
[no description available]		2.0510dithiol;
monocarboxylic acid amide		cofactor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydroxyacetone
[no description available]		2.4320ketotriose;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antifungal agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethylglycine
dimethylglycine: metabolic product of calcium pangamate; mutagen when mixed with nitrite; RN given refers to parent cpd. N,N-dimethylglycine : An N-methylglycine that is glycine carrying two N-methyl substituents.		11.54219amino acid zwitterion;
N-methyl-amino acid;
N-methylglycines		Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		4.08150sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
ethanolamine
[no description available]		2.4820ethanolamines;
primary alcohol;
primary amine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		6.9550aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
formamide
formimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is formic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.. primary carboxamide : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with ammonia; formula RC(=O)NH2.		3.4520carboximidic acid;
formamides;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		solvent
gamma-butyrobetaine
4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate : An amino-acid betaine gamma-aminobutyric acid zwitterion in which all of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups.		2.8540amino-acid betaineEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
hexachlorocyclohexane
Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.		2.4620chlorocyclohexane
glutaric acid
glutaric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glutaric acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is a linear five-carbon dicarboxylic acid.		1.9910alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		13.221754alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
glyceraldehyde
Glyceraldehyde: An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS.. glyceraldehyde : An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing.. aldose : Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.		2.6630aldotriosefundamental metabolite
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		6.27280alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
alpha-glycerophosphoric acid
[no description available]		2.0410glycerol monophosphatealgal metabolite;
human metabolite
glycolic acid
glycolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glycolic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.		2.82202-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
primary alcohol		keratolytic drug;
metabolite
glycocyamine
glycocyamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. guanidinoacetate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of guanidinoacetic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. guanidinoacetic acid : The N-amidino derivative of glycine.		5.9452guanidinoacetic acids;
zwitterion		bacterial metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
rat metabolite
carbonic acid
Carbonic Acid: Carbonic acid (H2C03). The hypothetical acid of carbon dioxide and water. It exists only in the form of its salts (carbonates), acid salts (hydrogen carbonates), amines (carbamic acid), and acid chlorides (carbonyl chloride). (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		3.0710carbon oxoacid;
chalcocarbonic acid		mouse metabolite
hydrogen carbonate
Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.		6.88221carbon oxoanioncofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dalteparin
Dalteparin: A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		6.2252
histamine
[no description available]		5.82180aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
hydantoin-5-propionic acid
hydantoin-5-propionic acid: metabolite of histidine. hydantoin-5-propionic acid : A imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by a 2-carboxyethyl group at position 4.		1.9610imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
monocarboxylic acid		metabolite;
mouse metabolite
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.		5.78170elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity		antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite
hydroquinone
[no description available]		2.6430benzenediol;
hydroquinones		antioxidant;
carcinogenic agent;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
skin lightening agent
hydroxylamine
amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.		1.9810hydroxylaminesalgal metabolite;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor;
EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
nitric oxide donor;
nucleophilic reagent
imidazole
imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.		7.6830imidazole
indoleacetic acid
indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.		2.4920indole-3-acetic acids;
monocarboxylic acid		auxin;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
iodine
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..		15.19724diatomic iodinenutrient
itaconic acid
itaconic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is methacrylic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.		2.1110dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid;
olefinic compound		fungal metabolite;
human metabolite
dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.		4.1450hydroxyphenylalanine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tyrosine derivative		human metabolite
kynurenine
Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.		11.7271aromatic ketone;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
substituted aniline		human metabolite
thioctic acid
Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.		8.53320dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
thia fatty acid		fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
malonic acid
malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.		1.9310alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
racemethionine
Racemethionine: A preparation of METHIONINE that includes a mixture of D-methionine and L-methionine isomers.		7.1391alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
sulfur-containing amino acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvaldehyde
Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.		2.54202-oxo aldehyde;
propanals		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		8.43451alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phytic acid
Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.		4.6861inositol phosphate
inositol
Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.		17.6811827cyclitol;
hexol
melatonin
[no description available]		11.57215acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
croton oil
[no description available]		1.9310N-acyl-hexosamine
acetanilide
acetanilide: a phenylacetamide; use ACETANILIDES for the plural group meaning of the singular term. N-phenylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.0710acetamides;
anilide		analgesic
naphthalene
[no description available]		2.0410naphthalenes;
ortho-fused bicyclic arene		apoptosis inhibitor;
carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
nickel
Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.		3.95130metal allergen;
nickel group element atom		epitope;
micronutrient
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		191568pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
niacin
Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.		14.061892pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid;
vitamin B3		antidote;
antilipemic drug;
EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
nitrates
Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.		10.24205monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species
nitric acid
Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.		7.7530nitrogen oxoacidprotic solvent;
reagent
nitroxyl
nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group.		6.9610nitrogen oxoacid
nitrites
Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		6.95152monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite
nitrous oxide
Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.		14.53838gas molecular entity;
nitrogen oxide		analgesic;
bacterial metabolite;
food packaging gas;
food propellant;
general anaesthetic;
greenhouse gas;
inhalation anaesthetic;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
raising agent;
refrigerant;
vasodilator agent
hydroxide ion
[no description available]		2.4920oxygen hydridemouse metabolite
orotic acid
Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.		9.37522pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
oxalic acid
Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.		210alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid
4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.		10.861372aminobenzoic acid;
aromatic amino-acid zwitterion		allergen;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-nitrophenol
4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.		2.59204-nitrophenolshuman xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
triphosphoric acid
triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0610acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride;
phosphorus oxoacid
palmitic acid
Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.		3.66100long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
phenanthrene
phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'		2.7330ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon;
phenanthrenes		environmental contaminant;
mouse metabolite
phenol
[no description available]		4.4160phenolsantiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenylacetic acid
phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.		2.0510benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenylacetic acids		allergen;
Aspergillus metabolite;
auxin;
EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
toxin
phosphoric acid
phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.		2.0710phosphoric acidsalgal metabolite;
fertilizer;
human metabolite;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
solvent
phosphoenolpyruvate
Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.		1.9410carboxyalkyl phosphate;
monocarboxylic acid		fundamental metabolite
phosphorylcholine
Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.		4.99120phosphocholinesallergen;
epitope;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phosphorylethanolamine
phosphorylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. O-phosphoethanolamine : The ethanolamine mono-ester of phosphoric acid, and a metabolite of phospholipid metabolism. This phosphomonoester shows strong structural similarity to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and is decreased in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease brain.		2.5120phosphoethanolamine;
primary amino compound		algal metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phthalic acid
phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.		2.7430benzenedicarboxylic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite
picolinic acid
picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.		2.0810pyridinemonocarboxylic acidhuman metabolite;
MALDI matrix material
porphobilinogen
[no description available]		2.3920aralkylamino compound;
dicarboxylic acid;
pyrroles		Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
diphosphoric acid
diphosphoric acid : An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid.		2.3420acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride;
phosphorus oxoacid		Escherichia coli metabolite
pqq cofactor
PQQ Cofactor: A pyrrolo-quinoline having two adjacent keto-groups at the 4 and 5 positions and three acidic carboxyl groups. It is a coenzyme of some DEHYDROGENASES.. pyrroloquinoline quinone : A pyrroloquinoline having oxo groups at the 4- and 5-positions and carboxy groups at the 2-, 7- and 9-positions.		2.7620orthoquinones;
pyrroloquinoline cofactor;
tricarboxylic acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
water-soluble vitamin (role)
propylene glycol
Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.		2.4110glycol;
propane-1,2-diols		allergen;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
1-propanol
1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.		5.0633propan-1-ols;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		metabolite;
protic solvent
propionic acid
propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.		2.3920saturated fatty acid;
short-chain fatty acid		antifungal drug
pteridines
[no description available]		9.881580azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
pteridines
purine
1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.		10.7451purine
putrescine
[no description available]		3.0950alkane-alpha,omega-diamineantioxidant;
fundamental metabolite
pyrazinamide
pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.		5.2390monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia;
pyrazines		antitubercular agent;
prodrug
pyridine
azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.		3.0550azaarene;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
pyridines		environmental contaminant;
NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxal
[no description available]		7.74221hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.		15.3213612methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6 phosphate		coenzyme;
cofactor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine
[no description available]		8.7930aminoalkylpyridine;
hydroxymethylpyridine;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
iron chelator;
mouse metabolite;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine phosphate
pyridoxamine phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate : A vitamin B6 phosphate that is the phosphoric ester derivative of pyridoxamine.		7.4110aminoalkylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6 phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine
4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).		22.3865978hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvic acid
Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.		4.67902-oxo monocarboxylic acidcofactor;
fundamental metabolite
quinolinic acid
Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.		4.750pyridinedicarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
dimethyl sulfide
dimethyl sulfide: structure. dimethyl sulfide : A methyl sulfide in which the sulfur atom is substituted by two methyl groups. It is produced naturally by some marine algae.. methyl sulfide : Any aliphatic sulfide in which at least one of the organyl groups attached to the sulfur is a methyl group.		2.0410aliphatic sulfidealgal metabolite;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
marine metabolite
thiosulfates
Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.		2.6530divalent inorganic anion;
sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion		human metabolite
dithionite
Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts.		1.9510sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion
sarcosine
cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis		17.29419N-alkylglycine zwitterion;
N-alkylglycine;
N-methyl-amino acid;
N-methylglycines		Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
glycine transporter 1 inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sulfites
Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).		3.4680divalent inorganic anion;
sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion
spermidine
[no description available]		2.7430polyazaalkane;
triamine		autophagy inducer;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
spermine
[no description available]		3.2260polyazaalkane;
tetramine		antioxidant;
fundamental metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid
Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		3.5790alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		anti-ulcer drug;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
radiation protective agent
sulfuric acid
sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.		2.0610sulfur oxoacidcatalyst
taurine
[no description available]		12.95161amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient;
radical scavenger;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine
thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.		18.7841720primary alcohol;
vitamin B1		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thymine
[no description available]		10.04712pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
toluene
methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.		2.0410methylbenzene;
toluenes;
volatile organic compound		cholinergic antagonist;
fuel additive;
neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
trimethyloxamine
trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.		3.6130tertiary amine oxideEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
osmolyte
trimethylamine
[no description available]		2.3820methylamines;
tertiary amine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		12.55675pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid
Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.		12.73778uric acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		11.59685isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uroporphyrinogen iii
Uroporphyrinogens: Porphyrinogens which are intermediates in heme biosynthesis. They have four acetic acid and four propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Uroporphyrinogen I and III are formed from polypyrryl methane in the presence of uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase and uroporphyrin I synthetase, respectively. They can yield uroporphyrins by autooxidation or coproporphyrinogens by decarboxylation.		2.3720uroporphyrinogenEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
vanillin
Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).		2.3820benzaldehydes;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
flavouring agent;
plant metabolite
xanthine
7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.		3.3570xanthineSaccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
catechin
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxyflavan
ibotenic acid
Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.		3.4620non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidneurotoxin
normetanephrine
Normetanephrine: A methylated metabolite of norepinephrine that is excreted in the urine and found in certain tissues. It is a marker for tumors.		2.0410catecholamine
menthol
Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.		2.5320p-menthane monoterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		volatile oil component
mandelic acid
SAMMA: mandelic acid condensation polymer		1.93102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
benzenes		antibacterial agent;
human xenobiotic metabolite
1,10-phenanthroline
1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases		1.9910phenanthrolineEC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		4.13160aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
pd 173074
[no description available]		2.1310aromatic amine;
biaryl;
dimethoxybenzene;
pyridopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
ureas		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist
2,2'-dipyridyl
2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.		2.4920bipyridinechelator;
ferroptosis inhibitor
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with strong irritant properties. Use of this compound on rice fields, orchards, sugarcane, rangeland, and other noncrop sites was terminated by the EPA in 1985. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2, 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorines.		2.0110chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
trichlorobenzene		defoliant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.		2.0110chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
dichlorobenzene		agrochemical;
defoliant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
2,4-dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.		2.9240dinitrophenolallergen;
antiseptic drug;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
geroprotector;
oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine
2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine: mutagen from fried ground beef; structure given in first source. PhIP : An imidazopyridine that is 1H--imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 6 by methyl, amino, and phenyl groups, respectively. It is the most abundant of the mutagenic heterocyclic amines found in cooked meat and fish.		2.0710imidazopyridine;
primary amino compound		carcinogenic agent;
mutagen
2-aminofluorene
[no description available]		1.9610
mercaptoethanol
Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.		9.78330alkanethiol;
primary alcohol		geroprotector
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate: is a novel membrane-penetrable modulator and transient receptor potential channel blocker; structure in first source; do not confuse with 2-APB cpd. 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane : An organoboron compound that is diphenylborane in which the borane hydrogen is replaced by a 2-aminoethoxy group.		2.0210organoboron compound;
primary amino compound		calcium channel blocker;
IP3 receptor antagonist;
potassium channel opener
3,4-dichloroisocoumarin
3,4-dichloroisocoumarin : A member of the class of isocoumarins that is isocoumarin substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 4. It is a serine protease inhibitor.		1.9910isocoumarins;
organochlorine compound		geroprotector;
serine protease inhibitor
n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.		2.9610amphetamines;
benzodioxoles		neurotoxin
amitrole
Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.		2.6530aromatic amine;
triazoles		carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor;
herbicide
tramiprosate
tramiprosate: GABA receptor agonist and a glycosaminoglycan mimetic; has nootropic acitivity; structure; a sulfonate analog of GABA. 3-aminopropanesulfonic acid : An amino sulfonic acid that is the 3-amino derivative of propanesulfonic acid.		3.5111amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		algal metabolite;
anti-inflammatory agent;
anticonvulsant;
GABA agonist;
nootropic agent
3-methylcholanthrene
Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.		2.9140ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenearyl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
carcinogenic agent
enprofylline
enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.		2.0710oxopurineanti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonylfluoride
[no description available]		2.1310
4-aminopyridine
[no description available]		210aminopyridine;
aromatic amine		avicide;
orphan drug;
potassium channel blocker
homovanillic acid
Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.		6.2762guaiacols;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide: do not confuse with DMPO (4',5'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin). 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide : A member of the class of 1-pyrroline nitrones (1-pyrroline N-oxides) resulting from the formal N-oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline. Used as a spin trap for the study of radicals formed by enzymatic acetaldehyde oxidation.		2101-pyrroline nitronesneuroprotective agent;
spin trapping reagent
phenytoin
[no description available]		15.5322720imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
ag-1549
capravirine: a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor		2.0410
hydroxyindoleacetic acid
(5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.		8.29153indole-3-acetic acidsdrug metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
7-nitroindazole
7-nitroindazole: an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; exhibits anti-nociceptive activity without increasing blood pressure		2.0410
oxyquinoline
Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.		2.0710monohydroxyquinolineantibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug;
iron chelator
tacrine
Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		2.9840acridines;
aromatic amine		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acebutolol
Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.		3.8630aromatic amide;
ethanolamines;
ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		7.75201acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
acetarsol
[no description available]		2.0710acetamides;
anilide
acetazolamide
Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)		4.4670monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		anticonvulsant;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohexamide
Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.		2.7530acetophenones;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
acetohydroxamic acid
acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.5920acetohydroxamic acids;
carbohydroximic acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
methacholine
methacholine : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the nitrogen is substituted with three methyl groups and a 2-acetoxypropyl group. Parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor drug used in clinical diagnosis.		2.0410acetate ester;
quaternary ammonium ion		bronchoconstrictor agent;
cholinergic agonist;
epitope;
muscarinic agonist;
vasodilator agent
ethacridine
Ethacridine: A topically applied anti-infective agent.		2.3920acridines
4-(acetylamino)benzeneacetic acid
[no description available]		2.0710acetamides;
anilide
adiphenine
adiphenine: was heading 1963-94; use DIPHENYLACETIC ACIDS to search ADIPHENINE 1966-94		2.0710diarylmethane
aklomide
aklomide: structure		2.0710carbonyl compound;
organohalogen compound
alaproclate
alaproclate: specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		3.5920alpha-amino acid ester
albendazole
[no description available]		7.79125aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		anthelminthic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
albuterol
Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).		5.9571phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
alendronate
alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.		9.32501,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
primary amino compound		bone density conservation agent;
EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alfuzosin
alfuzosin: structure given in first source		3.5920monocarboxylic acid amide;
quinazolines;
tetrahydrofuranol		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
alosetron
alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.		3.2310imidazoles;
pyridoindole		antiemetic;
gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic antagonist
alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate
alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate: specific inhibitor of pyruvate transport in rat liver mitochondria & human erythrocytes; structure		2.0210
alprazolam
Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.		3.2310organochlorine compound;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
altretamine
Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.		3.8730triamino-1,3,5-triazine
aluminum fluoride
[no description available]		2.3920aluminium coordination entity
am 251
AM 251: an analog of SR141716A; structure given in first source. AM-251 : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. An antagonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.		2.0510amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
organoiodine compound;
pyrazoles		antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
CB1 receptor antagonist
amantadine
amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source		5.0770adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		analgesic;
antiparkinson drug;
antiviral drug;
dopaminergic agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
ambenonium
ambenonium : A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium ion having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens.		3.2310quaternary ammonium ionEC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
ambroxol
Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.		2.4520aromatic amine
diatrizoic acid
Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		3.4920acetamides;
benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
amifostine anhydrous
Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.		3.5920diamine;
organic thiophosphate		antioxidant;
prodrug;
radiation protective agent
aminoglutethimide
Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.		3.1550dicarboximide;
piperidones;
substituted aniline		adrenergic agent;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine
pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.		2.0510guanidines;
one-carbon compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid
p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.		4.8100N-acylglycineDaphnia magna metabolite
theophylline
[no description available]		9.94120dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
amiodarone
Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.		4.67801-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiovascular drug
amitriptyline
Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.		4.2250carbotricyclic compound;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
amlodipine
Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.		6.9173dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
amobarbital
Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.		2.6530barbiturates
amodiaquine
Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.		2.0710aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
amoxapine
Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position.		4.0940dibenzooxazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
dopaminergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
amprolium
Amprolium: A veterinary coccidiostat that interferes with THIAMINE metabolism.. amprolium : An organic chloride salt having 1-[(4-amino-2-propylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-methylpyridin-1-ium as the counterion. Used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.. amprolium(1+) : A pyridinium ion that is the cationic portion of amprolium, a veterinary drug which is used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.		2.0710pyridinium ioncoccidiostat
amsacrine
Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.		2.4520acridines;
aromatic ether;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
anastrozole
[no description available]		3.5920nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
anethole trithione
Anethole Trithione: Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers.		2.0510methoxybenzenes
antazoline
Antazoline: An antagonist of histamine H1 receptors.. antazoline : A member of the class of imidazolines that is 2-aminomethyl-2-imidazoline in which the exocyclic amino hydrogens are replaced by benzyl and phenyl groups. Antazoline is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.		2.4620aromatic amine;
imidazolines;
tertiary amino compound		cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
anthralin
Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.		2.0510anthracenesantipsoriatic
antipyrine
Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.		9.4851pyrazoloneantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: glutamate antagonist in locust muscle; structure; do not confuse with L-AP4, which is the propionic acid version		1.9810
acetovanillone
apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.		2.0610acetophenones;
aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone		antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug;
plant metabolite
6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol
[no description available]		2.0710aporphine alkaloid
arcaine
arcaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,4-diguanidinobutane : A guanidine derivative consisting of butane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 4-positions.		2.0410guanidines
arecoline
Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine.		2.0710enoate ester;
methyl ester;
pyridine alkaloid;
tetrahydropyridine		metabolite;
muscarinic agonist
aristolochic acid i
aristolochic acid I: phospholipase A inhibitor. aristolochic acid A : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.		2.6320aristolochic acids;
aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
cyclic acetal;
monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
mutagen;
nephrotoxin;
toxin
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		18.4313727benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
astemizole
Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.		2.7530benzimidazoles;
piperidines		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol
Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.		5.3360ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
sympatholytic agent;
xenobiotic
azathioprine
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.		6.64290aryl sulfide;
C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
thiopurine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
azelaic acid
nonanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups.		3.4611alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
plant metabolite
azobenzene
azobenzene: photosensor molecule known to undergo reversible isomerization from trans to cis on illumination with photons of appropriate wavelength; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. (E)-azobenzene : The (E)-isomer of azobenzene.. (Z)-azobenzene : The (Z)-isomer of azobenzene.. azobenzene : A molecule whose structure comprises two phenyl rings linked by a N=N double bond; the parent compound of the azobenzene class of compounds.		2.5720azobenzenes
baclofen
[no description available]		3.8630amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant
barbital
5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).		2.4520barbituratesdrug allergen
bemegride
Bemegride: A CNS stimulant that is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals. It has also been used as a respiratory stimulant and in the treatment of barbiturate overdose.		2.3520piperidones
bendazac
bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts.		3.8730indazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger
bendroflumethiazide
Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.		3.8630benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
benphothiamine
benfotiamine : A thioester that is a synthetic analogue of thiamine obtained by acylative cleavage of the thiazole ring and O-phospohorylation.		3.2110aminopyrimidine;
formamides;
organic phosphate;
thioester		antioxidant;
immunological adjuvant;
nutraceutical;
protective agent;
provitamin B1
benserazide
Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.		2.3820carbohydrazide;
catechols;
primary alcohol;
primary amino compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
benzamide
benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.		2.0410benzamides
benzbromarone
Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.		9.68801-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone		uricosuric drug
benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.		3.0540ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenecarcinogenic agent;
mouse metabolite
benzocaine
Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.		7.3920benzoate ester;
substituted aniline		allergen;
antipruritic drug;
sensitiser;
topical anaesthetic
benzquinamide
[no description available]		2.0410monocarboxylic acid amideantiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
sedative
benzothiazide
benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.		2.5320benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
bepridil
Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.		2.4620pyrrolidines;
tertiary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
berberine
[no description available]		5.4953alkaloid antibiotic;
berberine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
bethanidine
Bethanidine: A guanidinium antihypertensive agent that acts by blocking adrenergic transmission. The precise mode of action is not clear.		2.0410guanidinesadrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
betaxolol
[no description available]		3.8630propanolamineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bethanechol
Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.		3.8730carbamate ester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscarinic agonist
bicalutamide
bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.		4.6780(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monofluorobenzenes;
nitrile;
sulfone;
tertiary alcohol
bay h 4502
bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.		2.0510biphenyls;
imidazoles
biperiden
Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.		3.8930piperidines;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to sarin poisoning;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
bisacodyl
Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)		3.8630diarylmethane
bisbenzimidazole
Bisbenzimidazole: A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.		1.9910bibenzimidazole;
N-methylpiperazine		anthelminthic drug;
fluorochrome
bisoprolol
Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.		3.8730secondary alcohol;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bithionol
Bithionol: Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations.. bithionol : An aryl sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which each phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by hydroxy and at positions 3 and 5 by chlorine. A fungicide and anthelmintic, it was used in various topical drug products for the treatment of liver flukes, but withdrawn after being shown to be a potent photosensitizer with the potential to cause serious skin disorders.		2.4620aryl sulfide;
bridged diphenyl antifungal drug;
bridged diphenyl fungicide;
dichlorobenzene;
organochlorine pesticide;
polyphenol		antifungal agrochemical;
antiplatyhelmintic drug
bretylium
bretylium: RN given refers to parent cpd. bretylium : A quaternary ammonium cation having 2-bromobenzyl, ethyl and two methyl groups attached to the nitrogen. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.		2.0710quaternary ammonium ionadrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent
bromhexine
Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).		2.4620organobromine compound;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		mucolytic
bromisovalum
Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.. bromisoval : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-bromisoval. It was previously used for its hypnotic and sedative properties but the use of bromides is now deprecated due to the possibility of the toxic accumulation of bromine in the body.. 2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-3-methylbutanamide : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 2-bromo-3-methybutanoyl group.		2.0510N-acylurea;
organobromine compound
seratrodast
[no description available]		2.0710organic molecular entity
brotizolam
brotizolam: structure		2.0510organic molecular entity
bumetanide
[no description available]		4.2750amino acid;
benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		diuretic;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bunitrolol
bunitrolol: was heading 1975-94 (see under PROPANOLAMINES 1975-90); KO 1366 was see BUNITROLOL 1975-94; use PROPANOLAMINES to search BUNITROLOL 1975-94; a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist with weak antiarrhythmic activity and minor ability to decrease the heart rate		2.0410aromatic ether
bupivacaine
Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.		2.7530aromatic amide;
piperidinecarboxamide;
tertiary amino compound
bupranolol
Bupranolol: An adrenergic-beta-2 antagonist that has been used for cardiac arrhythmia, angina pectoris, hypertension, glaucoma, and as an antithrombotic.		2.0410aromatic ether
buspirone
Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.		4.87100azaspiro compound;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
piperidones;
pyrimidines		anxiolytic drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
sedative;
serotonergic agonist
busulfan
[no description available]		4.8100methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
insect sterilant;
teratogenic agent
secbutabarbital
secbutabarbital: Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital) should be distinguished from Butobarbital		3.2310barbiturates
butacaine
butacaine: was MH 1965-92; BUTAPROBENZ & BUTOCAIN were see BUTACAINE 1978-92; use 4-AMINOBENZOIC ACID to search BUTACAINE 1966-92		2.0710benzoate ester
butalbital
butalbital: management of butalbital withdrawal can be simplified by using a phenobarbital-loading protocol; RN given refers to parent cpd. butalbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache.		2.4520barbituratesanalgesic;
sedative
butamben
butamben: structure. butamben : An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol. Its local anaesthetic properties have been used for surface anaesthesia of the skin and mucous membranes, and for relief of pain and itching associated with some anorectal disorders.		2.0710amino acid ester;
benzoate ester;
primary amino compound;
substituted aniline		local anaesthetic
cacodylic acid
dimethylarsinic acid : The organoarsenic compound that is arsenic acid substituted on the central arsenic atom with two methyl groups.		5.14101organoarsenic compoundxenobiotic metabolite
caffeine
[no description available]		10.38441purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		5.1130aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
metrizoate
Metrizoic Acid: A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt.		2.0410monocarboxylic acidradioopaque medium
calmidazolium
calmidazolium: powerful inhibitor of or red blood cell Ca++-ATPase & Ca++ transport into inside-out red blood cell vesicles; RN refers to chloride; structure in first source; an antagonist of calmodulin. calmidazolium : An imidazolium ion that is imidazolium cation substituted by a bis(4-chlorophenyl)methyl group at position 1 and a 2-[(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group at position 3. It acts as an antagonist of calmodulin, a calcium binding messenger protein.		210imidazolium ionapoptosis inducer;
calmodulin antagonist
candesartan cilexetil
candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects		2.0510biphenyls
candesartan
candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.		5.6451benzimidazolecarboxylic acid;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
carbamylcholine
[no description available]		2.0710
carbamazepine
Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.		10.81674dibenzoazepine;
ureas		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
glutamate transporter activator;
mitogen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sodium channel blocker;
xenobiotic
carbamazepine epoxide
carbamazepine epoxide: metabolite of carbamazepine; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide : An epoxide and metabolite of carbamazepine.		2.0110dibenzoazepine;
epoxide;
ureas		allergen;
drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
carbazochrome
carbazochrome: a hemostatic which increases capillary resistance & activates platelet factors, Note: Adona is a multimeaning tradename		2.0410
carbinoxamine
carbinoxamine: Note: tradenames that start with Histex refer to more than one drug. carbinoxamine : An organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease.		4.0840monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
carisoprodol
Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.		3.8630carbamate estermuscle relaxant
carmustine
Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.		3.4370N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
carprofen
carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.		2.4220carbazoles;
organochlorine compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
photosensitizing agent
carteolol
Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.		2.0710quinolone;
secondary alcohol		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
carvedilol
[no description available]		3.5920carbazoles;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone
Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.		3.0750hydrazone;
monochlorobenzenes;
nitrile		antibacterial agent;
geroprotector;
ionophore
celecoxib
[no description available]		10.95100organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cefixime
Cefixime: A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is stable to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases.. cefixime : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic bearing vinyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(carboxymethoxy)imino]acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used in the treatment of gonorrhoea, tonsilitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, and urinary tract infections.		3.3911
cetirizine
Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.		3.8630ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperazines		anti-allergic agent;
environmental contaminant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
cetyltrimethylammonium ion
Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.		2.8130quaternary ammonium ion
chloral hydrate
[no description available]		2.420aldehyde hydrate;
ethanediol;
organochlorine compound		general anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
sedative;
xenobiotic
chlorambucil
Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.		4.6180aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
chlorcyclizine
chlorcyclizine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); CHLOROCYCLIZINE & HISTACHLORAZINE were see CHLORCYCLIZINE 1977-94; use PIPERAZINES to search CHLORCYCLIZINE 1966-94; histamine H1-blocker used both orally and topically in allergies and also for the prevention of motion sickness		3.5820diarylmethane
chlordiazepoxide
Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.		3.9940benzodiazepine
chlormezanone
Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions.		3.87301,3-thiazine;
lactam;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfone		antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
muscle relaxant
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		9.07295aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.		4.1650benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
chloroxine
chloroxine : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 have been substituted by chlorine. A synthetic antibacterial prepared by chlorination of quinolin-8-ol, it is used for the treatment of dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp.		2.0410monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial agent;
antifungal drug;
antiseborrheic
chloroxylenol
chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.		2.4720monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
molluscicide
chlorpheniramine
Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.		3.8930monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidepressant;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		5.53220organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide
Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.		4.6780monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone
Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.		3.2310isoindoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfonamide
chlorzoxazone
Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		4.41601,3-benzoxazoles;
heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
organochlorine compound		muscle relaxant;
sedative
ciclopirox
[no description available]		2.4620cyclic hydroxamic acid;
hydroxypyridone antifungal drug;
pyridone		antibacterial agent;
antiseborrheic
ciglitazone
ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes. ciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist.		2.4620aromatic ether;
thiazolidinone		antineoplastic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug
cilostamide
cilostamide: selective inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase & platelet aggregation; structure		1.9910quinolines
cilostazol
[no description available]		4.3330lactam;
tetrazoles		anticoagulant;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
fibrin modulating drug;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
cimetidine
Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.		5.56130aliphatic sulfide;
guanidines;
imidazoles;
nitrile		adjuvant;
analgesic;
anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
aricine
[no description available]		2.0710cinchona alkaloid
cinoxacin
Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.		2.0510cinnolines;
oxacycle;
oxo carboxylic acid		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
ciprofibrate
[no description available]		2.9740cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		4.85100aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
cisapride
Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.		2.7530benzamides
citalopram
Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.		6.72922-benzofurans;
cyclic ether;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound
clioquinol
Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		2.4520monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
organoiodine compound		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
chelator;
copper chelator
clobazam
Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.		2.05101,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clofazimine
Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.		4.2750monochlorobenzenes;
phenazines		dye;
leprostatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clofibrate
angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate		5.971aromatic ether;
ethyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
clofibric acid
Clofibric Acid: An antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.. clofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid substituted at position 2 by a p-chlorophenoxy group. It is a metabolite of the drug clofibrate.		2.0510aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
herbicide;
marine xenobiotic metabolite;
PPARalpha agonist
clomiphene
[no description available]		4.0940tertiary amineestrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
clomipramine
Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.		4.4160dibenzoazepineanticoronaviral agent;
antidepressant;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam
Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.		3.23101,4-benzodiazepinone;
monochlorobenzenes		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clonidine
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		10.36100clonidine;
imidazoline
chlorazepate
clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.		3.23101,4-benzodiazepinoneanticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
prodrug
clotiazepam
clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines		2.0510organic molecular entity
clotrimazole
[no description available]		4.87100conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes		antiinfective agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cloxyquin
cloxyquin: has antitubercular activity; structure in first source		2.0710organochlorine compound;
quinolines
cromolyn
cromoglycic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is the bis-chromone derivative of glycerol. It is effective as a mast cell stabilizer.		2.7530chromones;
dicarboxylic acid		anti-asthmatic drug;
calcium channel blocker
cyclandelate
Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels.		2.7530carboxylic ester;
secondary alcohol		vasodilator agent
cyclobenzaprine
cyclobenzaprine: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lisseril is synonymous for HCl; structure. cyclobenzaprine : 5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		3.620carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant;
muscle relaxant;
tranquilizing drug
cyclofenil
Cyclofenil: A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE.		3.8630organic molecular entity
cycloleucine
Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.		2.420non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidEC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
cyproheptadine
Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.		3.5920piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
gastrointestinal drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
cystamine
[no description available]		8.3660organic disulfide;
primary amino compound		EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor
danthron
danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.		2.0510dihydroxyanthraquinoneapoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
dantrolene
Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia.		2.0810hydrazone;
imidazolidine-2,4-dione		muscle relaxant;
neuroprotective agent;
ryanodine receptor antagonist
dapi
DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.		2.9440indolesfluorochrome
dapsone
[no description available]		7.4221substituted aniline;
sulfone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
leprostatic drug
debrisoquin
Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.		2.4620carboxamidine;
isoquinolines		adrenergic agent;
antihypertensive agent;
human metabolite;
sympatholytic agent
decanoic acid
decanoate : A fatty acid anion 10:0 that is the conjugate base of decanoic acid.. decanoic acid : A C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.		2.0810medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
deferoxamine
Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.		6.48190acyclic desferrioxaminebacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator;
siderophore
desipramine
Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.		6.87112dibenzoazepine;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug allergen;
EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
amphetamine
Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.		5.5180primary amine
eflornithine
Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.		6.0290alpha-amino acid;
fluoroamino acid		trypanocidal drug
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		4.791001,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
diazoxide
Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.		4.5440benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
diuretic;
K-ATP channel agonist;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasodilator agent
dibenzothiophene
dibenzothiophene : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a thiophene ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.		2.0710dibenzothiophenes;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent		keratolytic drug
dibucaine
Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions.		2.0710aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		topical anaesthetic
dibutyl phthalate
Dibutyl Phthalate: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.. dibutyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans.		2.5220diester;
phthalate ester		EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
plasticiser;
teratogenic agent
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		10.11130amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene
Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene: An organochlorine pesticide, it is the ethylene metabolite of DDT.		2.9910chlorophenylethylene;
monochlorobenzenes		human xenobiotic metabolite;
persistent organic pollutant
ddt
1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source		340benzenoid aromatic compound;
chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide		bridged diphenyl acaricide;
carcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
persistent organic pollutant
dichlorphenamide
Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.		4.0240dichlorobenzene;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
ophthalmology drug
dicyclomine
Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.		3.620carboxylic ester;
tertiary amine		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
diethyl pyrocarbonate
Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.. diethyl pyrocarbonate : The diethyl ester of dicarbonic acid.		2.8840acyclic carboxylic anhydride
diethylcarbamazine
Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.		2.6730N-carbamoylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine
pentetic acid
Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.		6.49130pentacarboxylic acidcopper chelator
diphenidol
diphenidol: shows anti-arrhythmic activity; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. diphenidol : A tertiary alcohol that is butan-1-ol substituted by two phenyl groups at position 1 and a piperidin-1-yl group at position 4.		2.0410benzenes;
piperidines;
tertiary alcohol		antiemetic
diflunisal
Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.		4.0840monohydroxybenzoic acid;
organofluorine compound		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dilacor xr
5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate : A lactam that is 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one in which positions 2 and 3 are substituted by 4-methoxyphenyl and acetoxy, respectively, while the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group.		2.0710acetate ester;
aromatic ether;
benzothiazepine;
lactam;
tertiary amino compound
dimercaprol
Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.		4.5780dithiol;
primary alcohol		chelator
dimethadione
Dimethadione: An anticonvulsant that is the active metabolite of TRIMETHADIONE.		2.0710oxazolidinone
diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.		4.3560ether;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
antitussive;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
oneirogen;
sedative
diphenylpyraline
diphenylpyraline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. allergen : A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy.. diphenylpyraline : A member of the class of piperidines that is the benzhydryl ether derivative of 1-methyl-4-hydroxypiperidine. A sedating antihistamine, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and hay fever, and in pruritic skin disorders. It is also used as the teoclate salt (piprinhydrinate) as an ingredient in compound preparations for the symptomatic relief of coughs and the common cold.		2.0710piperidines;
tertiary amine		cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist
dipyridamole
Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.		4.88110piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
disopyramide
Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.		4.0740monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
stallimycin
[no description available]		4.750
disulfiram
[no description available]		11.1291organic disulfide;
organosulfur acaricide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
fungicide;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		11.991133branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
thiorphan
Thiorphan: A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced ANALGESIA and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms.		1.9910N-acyl-amino acid
donepezil
Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.		6.3662aromatic ether;
indanones;
piperidines;
racemate		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
doxapram
Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.		3.2310morpholines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones		central nervous system stimulant
doxazosin
Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.		3.5820aromatic amine;
benzodioxine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
vasodilator agent
doxepin
Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.		4.4330dibenzooxepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
doxylamine
Doxylamine: Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM.		3.8630pyridines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antitussive;
cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
sedative
droperidol
Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.		3.8730aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound		anaesthesia adjuvant;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
dyclonine
[no description available]		2.0710aromatic ketone;
piperidines		topical anaesthetic
dyphylline
Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.		3.8630oxopurine;
propane-1,2-diols		bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
ebselen
ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.		2.0710benzoselenazoleanti-inflammatory drug;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor;
enzyme mimic;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
genotoxin;
hepatoprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
econazole
Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.		2.7730dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
edrophonium
Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.		3.4820phenols;
quaternary ammonium ion		antidote;
diagnostic agent;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
embelin
embelin: from Embelia fruit (Myrsinaceae). embelin : A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease.		2.110dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinonesantimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
plant metabolite
emodin
Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.		2.2110trihydroxyanthraquinoneantineoplastic agent;
laxative;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
enflurane
Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.		2.0510ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		anaesthetic
enoxacin
Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.		2.05101,8-naphthyridine derivative;
amino acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		5.76270
estazolam
Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia.		3.5920triazoles;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
etazolate
Etazolate: A potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor proposed as an antipsychotic agent.. etazolate : A pyrazolopyridine that is 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 5 by ethyl, 2-isopropylidenehydrazino, and ethoxycarbonyl groups, respectively. A phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor with antidepressant and anxiolytic properties.		1.9610ethyl ester;
hydrazone;
pyrazolopyridine		alpha-secretase activator;
antidepressant;
antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
ethacrynic acid
Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.		4.140aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
loop diuretic
profenamine
profenamine: was heading 1972-94 (see under PHENOTHIAZINES 1972-90); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search ETHOPROPAZINE 1972-94. profenamine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is phenothiazine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)propyl group. An antimuscarinic, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease.		2.4620phenothiazines;
tertiary amino compound		adrenergic antagonist;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
ethosuximide
Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.		4.6990dicarboximide;
pyrrolidinone		anticonvulsant;
geroprotector;
T-type calcium channel blocker
ethotoin
ethotoin: was heading 1966-94 (see under HYDANTOINS 1966-90); use HYDANTOINS to search ETHOTOIN 1966-94. ethotoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by ethyl and phenyl at positions 3 and 5, respectively. An antiepileptic, it is less toxic than phenytoin but also less effective.		3.620imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
ethoxzolamide
Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic.		2.0510aromatic ether;
benzothiazoles;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester
[no description available]		2.3110
ethyl loflazepate
ethyl loflazepate: structure given in first source		2.0410organic molecular entity
ethylenediamine
ethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; edamine is the recommended contraction for the ethylenediamine radical. ethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine in which the alkane is ethane.		2.8130alkane-alpha,omega-diamineGABA agonist
etidronate
Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.		3.87301,1-bis(phosphonic acid)antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
etizolam
etizolam: structure given in first source		2.0410organic molecular entity
etodolac
Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.		4.140monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
brl 42810
[no description available]		3.86302-aminopurines;
acetate ester		antiviral drug;
prodrug
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone
Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.		2.9440aromatic ether;
hydrazone;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound		ATP synthase inhibitor;
geroprotector;
ionophore
felbamate
Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.		4.4260carbamate esteranticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent
felodipine
Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.		3.8630dichlorobenzene;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
fenfluramine
Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.		2.0410(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
secondary amino compound		appetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
fenofibrate
Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE		14.06166aromatic ether;
chlorobenzophenone;
isopropyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
fenoldopam
Fenoldopam: A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.		3.620benzazepinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
dopamine agonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
fenoprofen
Fenoprofen: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.. fenoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.		4.140monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
berotek
Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.		2.4620resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
fentanyl
Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		2.4520anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
fexofenadine
fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.		10.4841piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
fipexide
fipexide: regulates dopaminergic systems at macromolecular level		4.2850benzodioxoles
flavoxate
Flavoxate: A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.. flavoxate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid with 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethanol.		3.8630carboxylic ester;
flavones;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
flecainide
Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).		4.0840aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug
fluconazole
Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.		4.2650conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		environmental contaminant;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
flucytosine
Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.		4.2650aminopyrimidine;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine antifungal drug;
pyrimidone		prodrug
flufenamic acid
Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.		2.9740aromatic amino acid;
organofluorine compound		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenazine
[no description available]		3.8630N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		anticoronaviral agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil
Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.		4.4260ethyl ester;
imidazobenzodiazepine;
organofluorine compound		antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning;
GABA antagonist
flunitrazepam
Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.		2.39201,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound;
monofluorobenzenes		anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
fluorescite
fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.		3.2310benzoic acids;
cyclic ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
phenols;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		17.0819924nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
fluoxetine
Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.		10.672611(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound
fluphenazine depot
fluphenazine decanoate : The prodrug of fluphenazine, an antipsychotic drug used for the symptomatic management of psychosis in patients with schizophrenia.		2.0410decanoate ester;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
prodrug
fluphenazine enanthate
[no description available]		2.0410phenothiazines
flurazepam
Flurazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.. flurazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia.		3.58201,4-benzodiazepinone;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
flurbiprofen
Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.		5.2890fluorobiphenyl;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluspirilene
Fluspirilene: A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia.		2.4620diarylmethane
flutamide
Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.		4.88100(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
flutazolam
flutazolam: structure		2.0410hemiaminal ether;
organic molecular entity
fomepizole
Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.		4.7350pyrazolesantidote;
EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
protective agent
foscarnet
Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		3.8630carboxylic acid;
one-carbon compound;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
furazolidone
Furazolidone: A nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. Furazolidone acts by gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p514). furazolidone : A member of the class of oxazolidines that is 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an N-{[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino} group. It has antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties, and is used in the treatment of giardiasis and cholera.		1.9410nitrofuran antibiotic;
oxazolidines		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		5.36180chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
gabapentin
Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.		5.0470gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
gemfibrozil
[no description available]		4.4160aromatic etherantilipemic drug
gentamicin
Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.		2.6530
glafenine
Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.		4.4260aminoquinoline;
carboxylic ester;
glycol;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gliclazide
Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.		4.761N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
radical scavenger
glimepiride
glimepiride: structure given in first source		6.0781sulfonamide
glipizide
Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		3.5820aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-sulfonylurea;
pyrazines		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
glutethimide
Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.		2.7530piperidines
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		8.7493monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid (1,1-dimethyl-3-pyrrolidin-1-iumyl) ester
[no description available]		3.2310benzenes
glyphosate
glyphosate: active cpd in herbicidal formulation Roundup; inhibits EC 2.5.1.19, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; structure. glyphosate : A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS).		2.0210glycine derivative;
phosphonic acid		agrochemical;
EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
herbicide
gossypol
Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.		2.0510
granisetron
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic amide;
indazoles
guaiazulene
guaiazulene: structure		2.0510sesquiterpene
guaifenesin
Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.		3.620methoxybenzenes
guanethidine
Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.		4.2850azocanes;
guanidines		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
sympatholytic agent
guanfacine
Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.		3.2310acetamides
guanidine
Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.		4.0240carboxamidine;
guanidines;
one-carbon compound
fasudil
fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.		2.0510isoquinolines;
N-sulfonyldiazepane		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
nootropic agent;
vasodilator agent
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		4.85100aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
halothane
[no description available]		2.3820haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		inhalation anaesthetic
hexachlorophene
Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.		2.7530bridged diphenyl fungicide;
polyphenol;
trichlorobenzene		acaricide;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug
miltefosine
miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.		2.0510phosphocholines;
phospholipid		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
apoptosis inducer;
immunomodulator;
protein kinase inhibitor
hexestrol
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
hexetidine
Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)		2.4920organic heteromonocyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
hexobarbital
Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.		2.0510barbiturates
hexoprenaline
Hexoprenaline: Stimulant of adrenergic beta 2 receptors. It is used as a bronchodilator, antiasthmatic agent, and tocolytic agent.		2.0710
hexylresorcinol
[no description available]		2.0410resorcinols
beta-thujaplicin
beta-thujaplicin: structure. beta-thujaplicin : A monoterpenoid that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and an isopropyl group at position 4. Isolated from Thuja plicata and Chamaecyparis obtusa, it exhibits antimicrobial activities.		2.0810cyclic ketone;
enol;
monoterpenoid		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiplasmodial drug;
plant metabolite
hexamethylene bisacetamide
N,N'-diacetyl-1,6-diaminohexane: chemical name obtained from Acta Biol Hung 1990;41(1-3):199-208		2.6730acetamides
ethidium
Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.		2.4720phenanthridinesfluorochrome;
intercalator
homochlorocyclizine
homochlorocyclizine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410diarylmethane
hycanthone
Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.		2.7530thioxanthenesmutagen;
schistosomicide drug
hydralazine
Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.		4.4360azaarene;
hydrazines;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
phthalazines		antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		11.2101benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
hydroflumethiazide
Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.		3.8630benzothiadiazine;
thiazide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.		12.34102aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
primary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea
[no description available]		6.09230one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine
Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.		4.4360hydroxyether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antipruritic drug;
anxiolytic drug;
dermatologic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		4.7990monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
phenelzine
Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.		4.2750primary amine
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		4.7190benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
alverine
alverine : A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.		2.0510tertiary amineantispasmodic drug
idebenone
[no description available]		2.05101,4-benzoquinones;
primary alcohol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor
ifosfamide
[no description available]		5.9271ifosfamidesalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		4.4260dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone
Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.		4.4160bipyridinesEC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indapamide
Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.		3.8730indoles;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
indole-3-carbinol
indole-3-carbinol: occurs in edible cruciferous vegetables. indole-3-methanol : An indolyl alcohol carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It is a constituent of the cruciferous vegetables and had anticancer activity.		3.1110indolyl alcoholantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		11.23260aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
iodamide
Iodamide: An ionic monomeric contrast medium. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706). iodamide : A benzoic acid compound having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions, an acetamido substituent at the 3-position and an acetamidomethyl substituent at the 5-position.		2.0410benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound		radioopaque medium
iodoacetamide
[no description available]		2.6630
iodoquinol
Iodoquinol: One of the halogenated 8-quinolinols widely used as an intestinal antiseptic, especially as an antiamebic agent. It is also used topically in other infections and may cause CNS and eye damage. It is known by very many similar trade names world-wide.. iodoquinol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by iodine. It is considered the drug of choice for treating asymptomatic or moderate forms of amoebiasis.		2.0710monohydroxyquinoline;
organoiodine compound		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiseptic drug
iohexol
Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.		2.0510benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iothalamic acid
Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.		2.0410organic molecular entity
iodipamide
Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.		2.4520benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound;
secondary carboxamide		radioopaque medium
ioversol
[no description available]		3.2310amidobenzoic acid
iproniazid
[no description available]		4.6380carbohydrazide;
pyridines
avapro
Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.		4.2750azaspiro compound;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.		2.65303-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isocarboxazid
Isocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)		4.0840benzenes
isoetharine
Isoetharine: Adrenergic beta-2 agonist used as bronchodilator for emphysema, bronchitis and asthma.		2.0710catecholamine
isoflurane
Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.		2.0510organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid
Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).		6.34310carbohydrazideantitubercular agent;
drug allergen
isopropamide iodide
[no description available]		2.0410diarylmethane
2-propanol
2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.0510secondary alcohol;
secondary fatty alcohol		protic solvent
propyphenazone
propyphenazone: structure. propyphenazone : A pyrazolone derivative that is antipyrine substituted at C-4 by an isopropyl group.		6.9710pyrazolonenon-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		11.27111catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine
Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.		9.2850alkylbenzene
isradipine
Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.		3.5920benzoxadiazole;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester
itraconazole
[no description available]		3.5920piperazines
staurosporine aglycone
staurosporine aglycone: metabolite from culture broth of Nocardiopsis sp.; a neurotrophin antag; inhibits BDNF TrkB receptor		1.9710
ketamine
Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.		11.87111cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
ketanserin
Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.		2.0510aromatic ketone;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
cardiovascular drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.		5.03120dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen
Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.		4.2650benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ketorolac
Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.		3.8930amino acid;
aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrrolizines;
racemate		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ketotifen
Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.		2.9740cyclic ketone;
olefinic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
khellin
Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.		6.5151furanochromone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle		anti-asthmatic agent;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
kinetin
Kinetin: A furanyl adenine found in PLANTS and FUNGI. It has plant growth regulation effects.. cytokinin : A phytohormone that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.. kinetin : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine carrying a (furan-2-ylmethyl) substituent at the exocyclic amino group.		2.07106-aminopurines;
furans		cytokinin;
geroprotector
kynurenic acid
Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.		2.3520monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		G-protein-coupled receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mimosine
Mimosine: 3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-1(4H)-pyridinealanine. An antineoplastic alanine-substituted pyridine derivative isolated from Leucena glauca.		210alpha-amino acid
labetalol
Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.		10.8100benzamides;
benzenes;
phenols;
primary carboxamide;
salicylamides;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
lamotrigine
[no description available]		9.642641,2,4-triazines;
dichlorobenzene;
primary arylamine		anticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
antimanic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
xenobiotic
lansoprazole
Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.		3.5920benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
beta-lapachone
beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.		2.5220benzochromenone;
orthoquinones		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
leflunomide
Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.		11.99122(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole
[no description available]		6.6372nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
lofepramine
Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.		2.0510aromatic ketone;
dibenzoazepine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
lomefloxacin
lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.		3.2310fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
photosensitizing agent
lomustine
[no description available]		3.5920N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
loperamide
Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.		4.0940monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperidines;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
mu-opioid receptor agonist
loratadine
Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.		4.0840benzocycloheptapyridine;
ethyl ester;
N-acylpiperidine;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist
lorazepam
Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.		3.5820benzodiazepine
losartan
Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position		9.6780biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
loxapine
Loxapine: An antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA.		3.5820dibenzooxazepineantipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
ly 171883
LY 171883: structure in first source; leukotriene receptor antagonist. tomelukast : A member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group, a propyl group at position 3 and a 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy group at position 4. A leukotriene antagonist, it exhibits anti-asthmatic activity.		2.0710acetophenones;
aromatic ether;
phenols;
tetrazoles		anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source		210chromones;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound		autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
malathion
Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.		2.0510diester;
ethyl ester;
organic thiophosphate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source		2.0510isopropyl ester
maprotiline
Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.		4.4260anthracenes
mazindol
Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.		2.0510organic molecular entity
mebendazole
Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.		13.0892aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
mecamylamine
Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.		3.2310primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine
nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.		3.7430nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent
meclizine
Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.		4.0840diarylmethane
meclofenamic acid
Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		3.620aminobenzoic acid;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
meclofenamate sodium anhydrous
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
meclofenoxate
Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid
mefenamic acid
Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		4.2750aminobenzoic acid;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
memantine
[no description available]		5.54120adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		antidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3
Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.		3.52801,4-naphthoquinones;
vitamin K		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
human urinary metabolite;
nutraceutical
mepenzolate
mepenzolic acid: anticholinergic, antispasmodic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.2310diarylmethane
meperidine
Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.		3.7930ethyl ester;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
mephenesin
Mephenesin: A centrally acting muscle relaxant with a short duration of action.. 1-(2-methylphenyl)glycerol : A glycerol ether in which a single 2-methylphenyl group is attached at position 1 of glycerol via an ether linkage.		2.0710aromatic ether;
glycerol ether
mephenytoin
Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.		3.8730imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
mepivacaine
Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.		3.5920piperidinecarboxamidedrug allergen;
local anaesthetic
meprobamate
Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)		4.0840organic molecular entity
benzoic acid [2-methyl-2-(propylamino)propyl] ester
[no description available]		2.0710benzoate ester
mesalamine
Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.		6.56130amino acid;
aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
phenols		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mescaline
Mescaline: Hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from the flowering heads (peyote) of Lophophora (formerly Anhalonium) williamsii, a Mexican cactus used in Indian religious rites and as an experimental psychotomimetic. Among its cellular effects are agonist actions at some types of serotonin receptors. It has no accepted therapeutic uses although it is legal for religious use by members of the Native American Church.. mescaline : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is phenethylamine substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by methoxy groups.		1.9510methoxybenzenes;
phenethylamine alkaloid;
primary amino compound		hallucinogen
mesoridazine
Mesoridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.. mesoridazine : A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.		3.5820phenothiazines;
sulfoxide;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
metaproterenol
Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.		4.2850aralkylamino compound;
phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		15.517018guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
methadone
Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.		5.3131benzenes;
diarylmethane;
ketone;
tertiary amino compound
methapyrilene
Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.		2.9740ethylenediamine derivativeanti-allergic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative
methazolamide
Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.		3.4820sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles
methenamine
Methenamine: An anti-infective agent most commonly used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Its anti-infective action derives from the slow release of formaldehyde by hydrolysis at acidic pH. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p173). hexamethylenetetramine : A polycyclic cage that is adamantane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 3, 5 and 7 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.		2.3620polyazaalkane;
polycyclic cage;
tetramine		antibacterial drug
methocarbamol
Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester.		3.8630aromatic ether;
carbamate ester;
secondary alcohol
methomyl
Methomyl: A carbamate insecticide with anticholinesterase activity.. methomyl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of methylcarbamic acid with the hydroxy group of 1-(methylsulfanyl)acetaldoxime.		2.5420aliphatic sulfide;
carbamate ester		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
insecticide;
nematicide;
xenobiotic
methoxsalen
Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.		3.5920aromatic ether;
psoralens		antineoplastic agent;
cross-linking reagent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
methoxyflurane
Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.		2.0510ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		hepatotoxic agent;
inhalation anaesthetic;
nephrotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic
methyclothiazide
Methyclothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)		3.2310benzothiadiazine
nocodazole
[no description available]		2.7630aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
thiophenes		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
methyl salicylate
methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.		2.0510benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
salicylates		flavouring agent;
insect attractant;
metabolite
methylphenidate
Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.		5.2260beta-amino acid ester;
methyl ester;
piperidines
methyprylon
methyprylon: was heading 1973-94 (see under HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 1963-72); use PIPERIDONES to search METHYPRYLON 1973-94		2.4520organic molecular entity
metoclopramide
Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.		3.8630benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
gastrointestinal drug;
xenobiotic
metolazone
Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.		3.8630organochlorine compound;
quinazolines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol
Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.		4.6780aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
metronidazole
Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.		7.29123C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
primary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
metyrapone
Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.		4.2650aromatic ketoneantimetabolite;
diagnostic agent;
EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine
Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.		3.8930aromatic ether;
primary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin
Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.		4.5470dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine agonist;
sedative;
serotonergic antagonist
miconazole
Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		2.9740dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles
midazolam
Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.		4.0940imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
midodrine
Midodrine: An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. midodrine : An aromatic ether that is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-(glycylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine.		3.2310amino acid amide;
aromatic ether;
secondary alcohol		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
milrinone
[no description available]		3.2310bipyridines;
nitrile;
pyridone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
minoxidil
Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.		4.0940dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
mirtazapine
Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.		4.3830benzazepine;
tetracyclic antidepressant		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
oneirogen;
serotonergic antagonist
mitotane
Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.		3.8730diarylmethane
mitoxantrone
Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.		7.31181dihydroxyanthraquinoneanalgesic;
antineoplastic agent
modafinil
Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.		3.8630monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfoxide
molsidomine
Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure.		2.0510ethyl ester;
morpholines;
oxadiazole;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
moxisylyte
Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)		4.0840monoterpenoid
deet
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.		2.0510benzamides;
monocarboxylic acid amide		environmental contaminant;
insect repellent;
xenobiotic
acecainide
Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.		2.4620acetamides;
benzamides		anti-arrhythmia drug
ethylmaleimide
Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.		3.5690maleimidesanticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
n(alpha)-(2-naphthylsulfonylglycyl)-4-amidinophenylalanine piperidide
N(alpha)-(2-naphthylsulfonylglycyl)-4-amidinophenylalanine piperidide: thrombin inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410
nabumetone
Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.		3.5920methoxynaphthalene;
methyl ketone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
nadolol
[no description available]		3.620tetralins
nafronyl
Nafronyl: A drug used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. It is claimed to enhance cellular oxidative capacity and to be a spasmolytic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1310) It may also be an antagonist at 5HT-2 serotonin receptors.		2.0710naphthalenes
naftopidil
[no description available]		2.0710piperazines
nalidixic acid
[no description available]		4.59801,8-naphthyridine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
activins
Activins: Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS.		2.110
naphazoline
Naphazoline: An adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant.		2.0710naphthalenes
naratriptan
naratriptan: structure given in first source		3.2310heteroarylpiperidine;
sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
nefazodone
nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct		4.7890aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazoles		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
neostigmine
Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		3.0550quaternary ammonium ionantidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nevirapine
Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.		4.4360cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide
Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.		4.0340organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
nicardipine
Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.		3.8930benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound
niceritrol
Niceritrol: An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions.		2.0510organic molecular entity
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		10.36100C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
niflumic acid
Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.		2.6930aromatic carboxylic acid;
pyridines
nilutamide
[no description available]		3.5920(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
imidazolidinone		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
nilvadipine
[no description available]		2.0710dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester;
nitrile
nimesulide
nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.		4.4360aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimetazepam
nimetazepam : A nitrazepam which is substituted at positions 1 by a methyl group. It is used as an anticonvulsant and as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia.		2.04101,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound		anticonvulsant;
antispasmodic drug;
GABA modulator;
sedative
nimodipine
Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.		4.54702-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
nisoldipine
Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.		4.2750C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
nitidine
nitidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym NSC 146397 refers to chloride; structure		7.3110phenanthridines
nitrazepam
Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).		2.68301,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound		anticonvulsant;
antispasmodic drug;
drug metabolite;
GABA modulator;
sedative
nitrendipine
Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.		2.4520C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.		10.931610nitroglycerolexplosive;
muscle relaxant;
nitric oxide donor;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
nitromide
nitromide: antibacterial agent for prevention & treatment of Salmonella pullorum infections in chickens & turkeys & for fowl typhoid & paratyphoid; used in feed; structure		2.0710
nizatidine
[no description available]		3.87301,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound;
carboxamidine;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
cholinergic drug;
H2-receptor antagonist
nomifensine
Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.		4.5670isoquinolinesdopamine uptake inhibitor
masoprocol
nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)		2.0510catechols;
lignan;
tetrol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite
norfloxacin
Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.		4.0940fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
nortriptyline
Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.		5.7861organic tricyclic compound;
secondary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite
6,7-dimethoxy-3-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-7,8-dihydro-5H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolin-5-yl)-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one
[no description available]		2.0710isoquinolines
nylidrin
Nylidrin: A beta-adrenergic agonist. Nylidrin causes peripheral vasodilation, a positive inotropic effect, and increased gastric volume of gastric juice. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders and premature labor.		2.0710alkylbenzene
octopamine
Octopamine: An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.. octopamine : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates.		1.9510phenylethanolamines;
tyramines		neurotransmitter
ofloxacin
Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.		4.27503-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole
Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.		8.0692aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
ondansetron
Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.		9.4460carbazoles
orphenadrine
Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.		4.0840ether;
tertiary amino compound		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
parasympatholytic
oxonic acid
Oxonic Acid: Antagonist of urate oxidase.		2.42201,3,5-triazines;
monocarboxylic acid
oxamniquine
Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively.		2.4520aromatic primary alcohol;
C-nitro compound;
quinolines;
secondary amino compound
oxaprozin
Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		4.27501,3-oxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxazepam
Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.		3.59201,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
oxethazaine
[no description available]		2.4720amino acid amide
oxibendazole
oxibendazole: structure		2.7530benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester
oxidopamine
Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).		2.0710benzenetriol;
catecholamine;
primary amino compound		drug metabolite;
human metabolite;
neurotoxin
oxolinic acid
quinolone antibiotic : An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton.		2.0410aromatic carboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
enzyme inhibitor
oxprenolol
Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.		2.7530aromatic ether
oxybenzone
oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.		2.0510hydroxybenzophenone;
monomethoxybenzene		dermatologic drug;
environmental contaminant;
protective agent;
ultraviolet filter;
xenobiotic
benoxinate
benoxinate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. oxybuprocaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-amino-3-butoxybenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; an ester-based local anaesthetic (ester "caine") used especially in ophthalmology and otolaryngology.		2.0710amino acid ester;
benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
topical anaesthetic
oxybutynin
oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		4.4560acetylenic compound;
carboxylic ester;
racemate;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
parasympatholytic
oxyphenbutazone
Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		2.3720phenols;
pyrazolidines		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
drug metabolite;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite
aminosalicylic acid
Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.		6.36210aminobenzoic acid;
phenols		antitubercular agent
quinone
benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).		2.25101,4-benzoquinonescofactor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fenclonine
Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.		2.0410phenylalanine derivative
pamidronate
[no description available]		3.8630phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole
Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.		4.1240aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
papaverine
Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.		4.1850benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
dimethoxybenzene;
isoquinolines		antispasmodic drug;
vasodilator agent
4-dichlorobenzene
dichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.. 1,4-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4.		2.7430dichlorobenzeneinsecticide
pargyline
Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.		3.1750aromatic amine
pemoline
Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.		4.26501,3-oxazolescentral nervous system stimulant
pentamidine
Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.		3.830aromatic ether;
carboxamidine;
diether		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
calmodulin antagonist;
chemokine receptor 5 antagonist;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug;
xenobiotic
pentobarbital
Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		4.0240barbituratesGABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline
[no description available]		11.7161oxopurine
perazine
Perazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects.. perazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position.		2.0510N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
phenothiazines		dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
perhexiline
Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.		4.5670piperidinescardiovascular drug
perphenazine
Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.		4.2150N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacemide
phenacemide: anti-epileptic drug; structure		2.4620acetamides
phenacetin
Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione		2.9740acetamides;
aromatic ether		cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
phenazopyridine
Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.		2.0410diaminopyridine;
monoazo compound		anticoronaviral agent;
carcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
non-narcotic analgesic
phenindione
Phenindione: An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234)		2.3720aromatic ketone;
beta-diketone		anticoagulant
pheniramine
Pheniramine: One of the HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS with little sedative action. It is used in treatment of hay fever, rhinitis, allergic dermatoses, and pruritus.		2.0410pyridines;
tertiary amino compound
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		11.13926barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
phenolphthalein
Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.		2.7530phenols
phenolsulfonphthalein
Phenolsulfonphthalein: Red dye, pH indicator, and diagnostic aid for determination of renal function. It is used also for studies of the gastrointestinal and other systems.. phenol red : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. It is also used in the (now infrequently performed) phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test for estimation of overall blood flow through the kidney.		2.7302,1-benzoxathiole;
arenesulfonate ester;
phenols;
sultone		acid-base indicator;
diagnostic agent;
two-colour indicator
phenoxybenzamine
Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.		4.4360aromatic amine
phentermine
Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.		3.8630primary amineadrenergic agent;
appetite depressant;
central nervous system drug;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopaminergic agent;
sympathomimetic agent
4-phenylbutyric acid
4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.		3.2310monocarboxylic acidantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
prodrug
phenylbutazone
Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.		4.4570pyrazolidinesantirheumatic drug;
EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.		2.110acyl fluorideserine proteinase inhibitor
moxonidine
moxonidine: structure given in first source		7.4520organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
1,3a,8-Trimethyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-5-yl methylcarbamate
[no description available]		2.0710pyrroloindole
pinacidil
Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)		2.9740pyridines
pindolol
Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.		9.2250indoles;
secondary amine		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
pioglitazone
Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		4.6980aromatic ether;
pyridines;
thiazolidinediones		antidepressant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug;
PPARgamma agonist;
xenobiotic
pipemidic acid
Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.		2.0510amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
pyridopyrimidine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
piperazine
[no description available]		2.0510azacycloalkane;
piperazines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		anthelminthic drug
piracetam
Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.		3.5620organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
pirenzepine
Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.		2.4420pyridobenzodiazepineanti-ulcer drug;
antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
piretanide
piretanide: potent inhibitor of chloride transport; structure		2.0710aromatic ether
polythiazide
[no description available]		3.2310benzothiadiazine
potassium chloride
Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.		7.88141inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer
potassium iodide
Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals.		2.3520potassium saltexpectorant;
radical scavenger
4-aminobenzoic acid
para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.		6.43232aminobenzoate;
aromatic amino-acid anion		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
practolol
Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		2.0710acetamides;
ethanolamines;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
duodote
duodote: consists of atropine and pralidoxime chloride; for treating those exposed to organophosphorus-containing nerve agents		3.620pyridinium ionantidote to organophosphate poisoning;
antidote to sarin poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
cholinesterase reactivator
ono 1078
pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		210chromones
pyranoprofen
pyranoprofen: RN given refers to unlabled parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0410pyridochromene
praziquantel
azinox: Russian drug		4.2750isoquinolines
prazosin
Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.		4.2650aromatic ether;
furans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperazines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
primaquine
Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.		4.2850aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
N-substituted diamine		antimalarial
primidone
Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.		15.26564pyrimidoneanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
proadifen
Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.		2.3720diarylmethane
probenecid
Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.		6.86360benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		uricosuric drug
probucol
Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.		5.7961dithioketal;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antioxidant;
cardiovascular drug
procainamide
Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		4.0740benzamidesanti-arrhythmia drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker
procaine
Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.		3.89130benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
procarbazine
Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		4.6380benzamides;
hydrazines		antineoplastic agent
prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.		4.2150N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antiemetic;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine
Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.		3.5920pyrrolidines;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist
proglumide
Proglumide: A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers.. proglumide : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-proglumide. A non-selective CCK antagonist that was used primarily for treatment of stomach ulcers, but has been replaced by newer drugs.. N(2)-benzoyl-N,N-dipropyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-benzoylglutamic acid with dippropylamine.		2.0410benzamides;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
glutamine derivative;
racemate		anti-ulcer drug;
cholecystokinin antagonist;
cholinergic antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
drug metabolite;
gastrointestinal drug;
opioid analgesic;
xenobiotic metabolite
promazine
Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.		2.6830phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
promethazine
Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.		4.4770phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
propafenone
Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.		3.8630aromatic ketone;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
propantheline
Propantheline: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking.		3.5120xanthenes
propidium
Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.		2.4120phenanthridines;
quaternary ammonium ion		fluorochrome;
intercalator
propiomazine
propiomazine: was heading 1966-94 (prov 1966-72); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search PROPIOMAZINE 1966-94; phenothiazine derivative used for sedation and as an antiemetic during labor. propiomazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)propyl group at nitrogen atom and a propanoyl group at position 2.		2.0410aromatic ketone;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
sedative;
serotonergic antagonist
propofol
Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.		4.2650phenolsanticonvulsant;
antiemetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
radical scavenger;
sedative
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		5.02120naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
protoporphyrin ix
protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.		8.93110
protriptyline
Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.		3.8630carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant
proxyphylline
[no description available]		2.0410oxopurine
pyridinolcarbamate
Pyridinolcarbamate: A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408)		2.0510pyridines
pyridostigmine
[no description available]		3.2310pyridinium ion
pyrilamine
Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.		2.0710aromatic ether;
ethylenediamine derivative		H1-receptor antagonist
pyrimethamine
Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds		14.4314912aminopyrimidine;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
sch 16134
quazepam: structure given in first source		3.2310benzodiazepine
quetiapine
[no description available]		3.2310dibenzothiazepine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
rabeprazole
Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.		3.2310benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
raloxifene
raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively.		3.86301-benzothiophenes;
aromatic ketone;
N-oxyethylpiperidine;
phenols		bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
ranitidine
[no description available]		3.1550aralkylamine
opc 12759
rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase		2.0510secondary carboxamide
riluzole
Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.		4.4160benzothiazoles
rimantadine
Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.		3.2310alkylamine
risperidone
Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.		4.66801,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
rizatriptan
rizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoate		3.5820tryptaminesanti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
rofecoxib
[no description available]		7.9640butenolide;
sulfone		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
rolipram
[no description available]		1.9910pyrrolidin-2-onesantidepressant;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
ropinirole
[no description available]		3.2310indolones;
tertiary amine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
dopamine agonist
roxarsone
Roxarsone: An arsenic derivative which has anticoccidial action and promotes growth in animals.. roxarsone : An organoarsonic acid where the organyl group is 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl.		2.55202-nitrophenols;
organoarsonic acid		agrochemical;
animal growth promotant;
antibacterial drug;
coccidiostat
saccharin
Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.		2.38201,2-benzisothiazole;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		environmental contaminant;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
salicylamide
salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source		2.4720phenols;
salicylamides		antirheumatic drug;
non-narcotic analgesic
salicylsalicylic acid
salicylsalicylic acid: structure. salsalate : A dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes.		4.0640benzoate ester;
benzoic acids;
phenols;
salicylates		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
secobarbital
Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups.		3.8130barbituratesanaesthesia adjuvant;
GABA modulator;
sedative
semustine
Semustine: 4-Methyl derivative of LOMUSTINE; (CCNU). An antineoplastic agent which functions as an alkylating agent.. semustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-methylcyclohexyl group.		4.8821N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent
sevoflurane
Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.		2.0510ether;
organofluorine compound		central nervous system depressant;
inhalation anaesthetic;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
sibutramine
sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride		3.8530organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-obesity agent;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
sulfadiazine
Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.		7.73311pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
coccidiostat;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
linsidomine
linsidomine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0510morpholines
iodoacetic acid
Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom.		1.9710haloacetic acid;
organoiodine compound		alkylating agent
ipodate
Ipodate: Ionic monomeric contrast media. Usually the sodium or calcium salts are used for examination of the gall bladder and biliary tract. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p704)		2.0410
risedronic acid
Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.		3.2310pyridines
sotalol
Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.		4.0740ethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
sulfonamide		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt
sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders.		2.0510organic sodium saltEC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
orphan drug;
prodrug
spiperone
Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.		2.0710aromatic ketone;
azaspiro compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
stearic acid
octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.		3.4170long-chain fatty acid;
saturated fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
imatinib
[no description available]		3.8930aromatic amine;
benzamides;
N-methylpiperazine;
pyridines;
pyrimidines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
vorinostat
Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).		3.8930dicarboxylic acid diamide;
hydroxamic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylcholine
Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.		3.8630quaternary ammonium ion;
succinate ester		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
succinylsulfathiazole
succinylsulfathiazole: intestinal antimicrobial agent; structure		3.891301,3-thiazoles
sulfabenzamide
sulfabenzamide : A sulfonamide containing a benzamido substituent on nitrogen. An antibacterial/antimicrobial, it is often used in conjunction with sulfathiazole and sulfacetamide as a topical, intravaginal antibacterial preparation.		2.4620benzenes;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial drug
sulfacetamide
Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.		3.0650N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
substituted aniline		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.		2.9240aromatic ether;
pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfaguanidine
Sulfaguanidine: A sulfanilamide antimicrobial agent that is used to treat enteric infections.. sulfaguanidine : A sulfonamide incorporating a guanidine moiety used to block the synthesis of folic acid; mostly used in veterinary medicine		3.0350sulfonamide antibioticantiinfective agent
sulfamerazine
[no description available]		8.2360pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen
sulfameter
Sulfameter: Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.. sulfamethoxydiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having a methoxy substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.0510pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
leprostatic drug;
renal agent
sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		3.690pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ligand;
xenobiotic
sulfamethizole
Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.		4.4360sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		10.79694isoxazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
epitope;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
sulfamethoxypyridazine
Sulfamethoxypyridazine: A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.. sulfamethoxypyridazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridazine having a methoxy substituent at the 6-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		1.9510pyridazines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfanilamide
[no description available]		4.47240substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfaphenazole
Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.		2.0510primary amino compound;
pyrazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
sulfapyridine
Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		4.6750pyridines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
dermatologic drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfaquinoxaline
Sulfaquinoxaline: An antiprotozoal agent used to combat coccidial infections of swine, cattle, fowl, and other veterinary animals. Also used in controlling outbreaks of fowl typhoid and fowl cholera and in treatment of infectious enteritis.		7.6120benzenes;
sulfonamide
sulfasalazine
Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.		9.66561
sulfathiazole
Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		9.56801,3-thiazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfinpyrazone
Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.		3.1550pyrazolidines;
sulfoxide		uricosuric drug
sulfisoxazole
Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		10.61102isoxazoles;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
sulfobromophthalein
Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.		5.071402-benzofurans;
organobromine compound;
organosulfonic acid;
phenols		dye
2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol
[no description available]		3.8730alkylbenzene
sulpiride
Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.		2.4720benzamides;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfonamide		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
sumatriptan
Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.		4.0840sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen
Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.		2.0510aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antirheumatic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
suramin
Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.		2.7130naphthalenesulfonic acid;
phenylureas;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
gatifloxacin
Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.		2.7530N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tegafur
[no description available]		5.5692organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
telenzepine
telenzepine: structure given in first source		2.4720benzodiazepine
temazepam
Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.		3.5920benzodiazepine
temozolomide
[no description available]		5.09120imidazotetrazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
triazene derivative		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
terazosin
Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia		3.8530furans;
piperazines;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
terbutaline
Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		4.0740phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
terfenadine
Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.		4.761diarylmethane
tetracaine
Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.		2.4720benzoate ester;
tertiary amino compound		local anaesthetic
tetraethylammonium
Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)		2.0410quaternary ammonium ion
tetrahydroxy-1,4-quinone
tetrahydroxy-1,4-quinone: structure. tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone : A hydroxybenzoquinone in which all four protons of the benzoquinone structure are substituted by hydroxy groups. A systemic keratolytic, it is normally supplied as its hydrate (CHEBI:137471).		2.0710hydroxybenzoquinonekeratolytic drug
thalidomide
Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.		5.65150phthalimides;
piperidones
theobromine
Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.		3.0410dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
bronchodilator agent;
food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
thiabendazole
Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate		4.18501,3-thiazoles;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug
2-thiosalicylic acid
2-thiosalicylic acid: a degradation product of thimerosal; RN given refers to parent cpd. thiosalicylic acid : A sulfanylbenzoic acid that is the 2-sulfanyl derivative of benzoic acid.		2.0710sulfanylbenzoic acidantipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic
thioridazine
Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.		4.0840phenothiazines;
piperidines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa
Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).		4.9570aziridines
tiaprofenic acid
tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group.		2.0510aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		drug allergen;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tiaramide
tiaramide: NTA-194, solantal, FK 1160 refer to mono-HCl salt; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410benzothiazoles
ticlopidine
Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.		4.7690monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
hematologic agent;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tilorone
Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.. tilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug.		2.0410aromatic ether;
diether;
fluoren-9-ones;
tertiary amino compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
interferon inducer;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
tinidazole
Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.		3.5820imidazolesantiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
tiopronin
Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.		3.8630N-acyl-amino acid
tizanidine
tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.		3.8630benzothiadiazole;
imidazoles		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
muscle relaxant
8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate
8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate: intracellular calcium antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610trihydroxybenzoic acid
tolazamide
Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		4.2750N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
potassium channel blocker
tolazoline
Tolazoline: A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.. tolazoline : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group.		2.3720imidazolesalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
tolbutamide
Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.		4.7690N-sulfonylureahuman metabolite;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
potassium channel blocker
tolmetin
Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.		3.8630aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrroles		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tolnaftate
[no description available]		2.0710monothiocarbamic esterantifungal drug
tolperisone
Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211)		2.4520aromatic ketone
ultram
2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.		4.0740aromatic ether;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid
Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.		4.1140amino acid
trapidil
Trapidil: A coronary vasodilator agent.		2.0710triazolopyrimidines
trazodone
Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.		4.2950monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazolopyridine		adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
trequinsin
trequinsin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0110pyridopyrimidine
triamterene
Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.		5.07140pteridinesdiuretic;
sodium channel blocker
triazolam
Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.		3.2310triazolobenzodiazepinesedative
bromoform
bromoform: structure		2.0210bromohydrocarbon;
bromomethanes
trichlormethiazide
Trichlormethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830). trichlormethiazide : A benzothiadiazine, hydrogenated at positions 2, 3 and 4 and substituted with an aminosulfonyl group at C-7, a chloro substituent at C-6 and a dichloromethyl group at C-3 and with S-1 as an S,S-dioxide. A sulfonamide antibiotic, it is used as a diuretic to treat oedema (including that associated with heart failure) and hypertension.		2.0410benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide antibiotic		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
triclosan
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
fungicide;
persistent organic pollutant;
xenobiotic
trifluoperazine
[no description available]		4.5470N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
calmodulin antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
trifluperidol
Trifluperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES including MANIA and SCHIZOPHRENIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p621)		2.4620aromatic ketone
triflupromazine
Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.		2.4720organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
trihexyphenidyl
Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.		3.5820amine
trimebutine
Trimebutine: Proposed spasmolytic with possible local anesthetic action used in gastrointestinal disorders.		2.4620trihydroxybenzoic acid
trimeprazine
Trimeprazine: A phenothiazine derivative that is used as an antipruritic.		2.0710phenothiazines
trimethadione
Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.		5.180oxazolidinoneanticonvulsant;
geroprotector
trimethobenzamide
trimethobenzamide: major descriptor (64-84); on-line search BENZAMIDES (64-84); Index Medicus search TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethobenzamide : The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.		3.2310benzamides;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		11.441123aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
trimetrexate
Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.		7.4490
trimipramine
Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.		3.8530dibenzoazepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
trioxsalen
Trioxsalen: Pigmenting photosensitizing agent obtained from several plants, mainly Psoralea corylifolia. It is administered either topically or orally in conjunction with ultraviolet light in the treatment of vitiligo.. lactone : Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.. antipsoriatic : A drug used to treat psoriasis.. trioxsalen : 7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which positions 2, 5, and 9 are substituted by methyl groups. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and can lead to cell injury; recovery from the cell injury may be followed by increased melanisation of the epidermis.		2.0710psoralensdermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent
tripelennamine
Tripelennamine: A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.		2.0410aromatic amine
troglitazone
Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.		4.87100chromanes;
thiazolidinone		anticoagulant;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
tropicamide
Tropicamide: One of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic.		2.0710acetamides
thenoyltrifluoroacetone
Thenoyltrifluoroacetone: Chelating agent and inhibitor of cellular respiration.		2.1310
tulobuterol
[no description available]		2.0710organochlorine compound
tyramine
[no description available]		4.1750monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
delavirdine
Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		3.5820aminopyridine;
indolecarboxamide;
N-acylpiperazine;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
urapidil
[no description available]		2.0710piperazines
urethane
[no description available]		3.5690carbamate esterfungal metabolite;
mutagen
venlafaxine
venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.		4.2650cyclohexanols;
monomethoxybenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
xenobiotic
vesnarinone
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
vigabatrin
[no description available]		4.0840gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
pirinixic acid
pirinixic acid: structure		2.0510aryl sulfide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrimidines
2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2h-tetrazolium hydroxide
2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide: structure given in first source		2.0310
xylazine
Xylazine: An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.. xylazine : A methyl benzene that is 1,3-dimethylbenzene which is substituted by a 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-ylnitrilo group at position 2. It is an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist and frequently used in veterinary medicine as an emetic and sedative with analgesic and muscle relaxant properties.		2.07101,3-thiazine;
methylbenzene;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
emetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
xylometazoline
xylometazoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0710alkylbenzene
ici 204,219
zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		4.5670carbamate ester;
indoles;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		anti-asthmatic agent;
leukotriene antagonist
zaleplon
zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.		3.2310nitrile;
pyrazolopyrimidine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
central nervous system depressant;
sedative
zinc chloride
zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.		1.9610inorganic chloride;
zinc molecular entity		astringent;
disinfectant;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
Lewis acid
zolpidem
Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.		4.0840imidazopyridinecentral nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
sedative
zomepirac
zomepirac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.4620aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrroles		cardiovascular drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
zonisamide
Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.		3.53201,2-benzoxazoles;
sulfonamide		anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
central nervous system drug;
protective agent;
T-type calcium channel blocker
guanidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510one-carbon compound;
organic chloride salt		protein denaturant
hydrocortisone acetate
hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0510cortisol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cortisone acetate
Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders.		3.5920corticosteroid hormone
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		8.21192mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
oxyphenonium
Oxyphenonium: A quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent with peripheral side effects similar to those of ATROPINE. It is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, and to relieve visceral spasms. The drug has also been used in the form of eye drops for mydriatic effect.		2.4620acylcholine
corticosterone
[no description available]		9.366011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		9.7638311beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
estriol
hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.		5.667116alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		estrogen;
human metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lysergic acid diethylamide
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.		2.0410ergoline alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		dopamine agonist;
hallucinogen;
serotonergic agonist
reserpine
Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.		4.77100alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
cephaloridine
Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.		3.0850beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
phentolamine
Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.		4.5670imidazoles;
phenols;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
sorbitol
D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).		5.77170glucitolcathartic;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food humectant;
human metabolite;
laxative;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
alloxan
Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.		2.0410pyrimidonehyperglycemic agent;
metabolite
thymidine
[no description available]		12.41823pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
floxuridine
Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.		8.58450nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide
[no description available]		2.4720benzodioxolespesticide synergist
benzimidazole
1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.		7.6730benzimidazole;
polycyclic heteroarene
triethylenemelamine
Triethylenemelamine: Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.		2.34201,3,5-triazinesalkylating agent;
insect sterilant
bromouracil
Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.		2.3820nucleobase analogue;
pyrimidines		mutagen
3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid
tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.		2.0510
isoproterenol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620catechols
hydroxyproline
Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.		8.23604-hydroxyproline;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
histamine dihydrochloride
Ceplene: Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride.		2.0510
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		9.145032-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
dextroamphetamine
Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.		4.5401-phenylpropan-2-amineadrenergic agent;
adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
dopaminergic agent;
neurotoxin;
sympathomimetic agent
carbachol
Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.		2.6530ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
norethindrone acetate
norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.		2.45203-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
spironolactone
Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.		5.22903-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid lactone;
thioester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cyclobarbital
cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative		2.4520barbiturates
aldosterone
[no description available]		2.071011beta-hydroxy steroid;
18-oxo steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid aldehyde		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
allobarbital
allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects		2.0510barbiturates
penicillamine
Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.		4.9870non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
penicillamine		antirheumatic drug;
chelator;
copper chelator;
drug allergen
trichlorfon
Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.0510organic phosphonate;
organochlorine compound;
phosphonic ester		agrochemical;
anthelminthic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
lynestrenol
Lynestrenol: A synthetic progestational hormone used often in mixtures with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		3.7521steroid
norethandrolone
Norethandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties and moderate progestational activity.		2.0410corticosteroid hormone
cysteine
[no description available]		3.2310cysteine zwitterion;
cysteine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		15.2455211-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
estrone
Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.		5.1415017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
oxandrolone
Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.		4.084017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
oxa-steroid		anabolic agent;
androgen
androsterone
[no description available]		1.941017-oxo steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid;
C19-steroid		androgen;
anticonvulsant;
human blood serum metabolite;
human metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
pheromone
etiocholanolone
Etiocholanolone: The 5-beta-reduced isomer of ANDROSTERONE. Etiocholanolone is a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE and ANDROSTENEDIONE in many mammalian species including humans. It is excreted in the URINE.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-androstan-17-one : An androstanoid that is 5beta-androstane substituted by an alpha-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a metabolite of testosterone in mammals.		1.951017-oxo steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.		4.997017-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
promazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochloride
1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene
1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410ortho-fused polycyclic arenemutagen
nad
[no description available]		2.0510NADgeroprotector
2-acetylaminofluorene
2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.		2.4202-acetamidofluorenesantimitotic;
carcinogenic agent;
epitope;
mutagen
azauridine
Azauridine: A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic.		3.0510N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazineantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite
penicillin g
Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.		4.6890penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
epitope
idoxuridine
[no description available]		3.150organoiodine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
metaraminol
Metaraminol: A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. metaraminol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension.		2.0710phenylethanolaminesalpha-adrenergic agonist;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
pilocarpine
Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.		4.5570pilocarpineantiglaucoma drug
pentylenetetrazole
Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.		8.3670organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		7.032412-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
diethylnitrosamine
Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.		8.2360nitrosaminecarcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
mutagen
isonicotinic acid
isonicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is at position 4 of the pyridine ring.		2.0510pyridinemonocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
human metabolite
biguanides
Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.		3.4120guanidines
carbon tetrachloride
Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.		4.1160chlorocarbon;
chloromethanes		hepatotoxic agent;
refrigerant
cantharidin
Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.		2.4110cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride;
monoterpenoid		EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
herbicide
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		5.84310alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		13.711782L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone acetate
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate: The 21-acetate derivative of desoxycorticosterone.		2.0410corticosteroid hormone
benz(a)anthracene
benz(a)anthracene: 4 fused rings of which one is angular in contrast to the linear NAPHTHACENES. tetraphene : An angular ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings.		2.3620ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		12.2540C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		6.22341aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		7.76280amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		9.49441aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cetrimonium bromide
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.		2.0510organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		detergent;
surfactant
cyanides
Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.		4.19180pseudohalide anionEC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
chlorobutanol
[no description available]		1.9310tertiary alcohol
vincristine
[no description available]		3.8430acetate ester;
formamides;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
physostigmine
Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.		5.290carbamate ester;
indole alkaloid		antidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
miotic
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		8.06301glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol
Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.		10.4826417-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
testosterone propionate
Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.		7.3620steroid ester
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.		2.7930ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes		carcinogenic agent
apomorphine
Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.		4.3660aporphine alkaloidalpha-adrenergic drug;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
emetic;
serotonergic drug
aminopyrine
Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.		2.0510pyrazolone;
tertiary amino compound		antipyretic;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
methyltestosterone
Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.		4.165017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
enone		anabolic agent;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent
promethazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochlorideanti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
tetrabenazine
9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.		3.5920benzoquinolizine;
cyclic ketone;
tertiary amino compound
puromycin aminonucleoside
3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine: structure in first source. 3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine : Puromycin derivative that lacks the methoxyphenylalanyl group on the amine of the sugar ring.		1.97103'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		3.92130adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
cephalothin
Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.		2.0510azabicycloalkene;
beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative;
thiophenes		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.		1.9310tetrachlorophenolxenobiotic metabolite
uridine
[no description available]		6.37320uridinesdrug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
uridine monophosphate
Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. uridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.		11.8593pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
uridine diphosphate
Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.		2.0110pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
kanamycin a
Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.		4.3560kanamycinsbacterial metabolite
ethopabate
Ethopabate: An inhibitor of folate metabolism. It is used as a coccidiostat in poultry.		2.0710amidobenzoic acid
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		5.93200pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
galactose
galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.		10.27170D-galactose;
galactopyranose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		1.9910monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine
Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		2.7630phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
mydriatic agent;
nasal decongestant;
protective agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa
Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease		11.494010amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		7.94362ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
tributyrin
tributyrin: structure. tributyrin : A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by butyric acid.		7.110butyrate ester;
triglyceride		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
prodrug;
protective agent
phenylethyl alcohol
Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.		421benzenes;
primary alcohol		Aspergillus metabolite;
fragrance;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		9.38522amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
cysteamine
Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.		9.94110amine;
thiol		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
acetylcholine chloride
acetylcholine chloride : The chloride salt of acetylcholine, and a parasympatomimetic drug.		3.8630quaternary ammonium salt
monomethylhydrazine
Monomethylhydrazine: Hydrazine substituted by one methyl group.		1.9910
phlorhizin
[no description available]		1.9610aryl beta-D-glucoside;
dihydrochalcones;
monosaccharide derivative		antioxidant;
plant metabolite
mepazine
mepazine: major descriptor (66-85); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-85); Index Medicus search MEPAZINE (66-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. pacatal : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has an N-methylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl substituent at the N-10 position.		3.5920phenothiazines
acepromazine
Acepromazine: A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.. acepromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10.		2.0710aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amino compound		phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
methoxamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620dimethoxybenzene
methoxamine
Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .		2.0710amphetaminesalpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypotensive agent
adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.		4.05150adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
cofactor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
n,n-dimethyltryptamine
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine: An N-methylated indoleamine derivative and serotonergic hallucinogen which occurs naturally and ubiquitously in several plant species including Psychotria veridis. It also occurs in trace amounts in mammalian brain, blood, and urine, and is known to act as an agonist or antagonist of certain SEROTONIN RECEPTORS.. N,N-dimethyltryptamine : A tryptamine derivative having two N-methyl substituents on the side-chain.		3.4520tryptamine alkaloid;
tryptamines
niridazole
Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.		2.05101,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound
4-deoxypyridoxine
4-deoxypyridoxine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; pyridoxine antagonist. 4-deoxypyridoxine : A pyridine ring substituted with methyl groups at positions 2 and 4, a hydroxyl at position 3, and a hydroxymethyl group at position 5.		1.9610hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine		metabolite
cloxacillin
Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.		3.7930penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
methylene blue
Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.		2.6630organic chloride saltacid-base indicator;
antidepressant;
antimalarial;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
neuroprotective agent;
physical tracer
bretylium tosylate
Bretylium Tosylate: An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.. bretylium tosylate : The tosylate salt of bretylium. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.		2.0410organosulfonate salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent
zoxazolamine
Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.		2.0710benzoxazole
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		8.86401amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
berlition
berlition: antioxidant preparation containing alpha-lipoic acid, used in the neuroprotective therapy of chronic brain ischemia for correction of free-radical processes. (R)-lipoic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of lipoic acid. A vitamin-like, C8 thia fatty acid with anti-oxidant properties.. lipoic acid : A heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position.		2.0710dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
lipoic acid;
thia fatty acid		cofactor;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group
ethyl methanesulfonate
Ethyl Methanesulfonate: An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.. ethyl methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol.		2.420methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
genotoxin;
mutagen;
teratogenic agent
methacholine chloride
Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)		2.0310quaternary ammonium salt
aniline
[no description available]		7.3720anilines;
primary arylamine
calcium acetate
calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.		3.2310calcium saltchelator
2-aminoisobutyric acid
2-aminoisobutyric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2-aminoisobutyric acid : A rare, non-protein amino acid and end-product of pyrimidine metabolism, excreted in urine and found in some antibiotics of fungal origin. With the exception of a few bacteria, it is non-metabolisable, and therefore used in bioassays.		1.96102,2-dialkylglycine zwitterion;
2,2-dialkylglycine
dimethylnitrosamine
Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.		2.6930nitrosaminegeroprotector;
mutagen
androstenedione
Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.		2.52017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbaryl
Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.		2.0510carbamate ester;
naphthalenes		acaricide;
agrochemical;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant growth retardant
cytidine monophosphate
Cytidine Monophosphate: Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. cytidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.		2.3720cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
uridine triphosphate
Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		2.7130pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lactose
Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.		9.11160lactose
primaquine phosphate
[no description available]		2.4620
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		21.8191333aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.		2.0510
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		8.55510amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
Mebutamate
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
desoxycorticosterone
Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE		2.884020-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		11.51190alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
gallamine triethiodide
Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)		2.7430
cytidine
[no description available]		6.3671cytidinesEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mebanazine
mebanazine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.5920benzenes
uracil mustard
Uracil Mustard: Nitrogen mustard derivative of URACIL. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage.		2.6830aminouracil;
nitrogen mustard
oxacillin
Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.		3.2310penicillinantibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		10.25170antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
ficusin
Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia.		1.9510psoralensplant metabolite
egtazic acid
Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.		1.9610diether;
tertiary amino compound;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
barbituric acid
barbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure from Merck Index, 9th ed, #966. barbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4 and -6 by oxo groups. Barbituric acid is the parent compound of barbiturate drugs, although it is not itself pharmacologically active.		2.8540barbituratesallergen;
xenobiotic
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		3.2360chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
fluocinolone acetonide
Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.		2.011011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
sodium citrate, anhydrous
Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.		2.1510organic sodium saltanticoagulant;
flavouring agent
dimethylformamide
Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.		7.3920formamides;
volatile organic compound		geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
polar aprotic solvent
norethindrone
Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.		7.0214217beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary alcohol		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel
Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.		2.0510oxo steroid
cycloserine
Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).		4.44704-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
zwitterion		antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antitubercular agent;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
benziodarone
benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74)		4.140aromatic ketone
ampicillin
Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.		5.02130beta-lactam antibiotic;
penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
mannitol
[no description available]		8.26201mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
cytarabine
[no description available]		5.98210beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
dithionitrobenzoic acid
Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups.		1.9510nitrobenzoic acid;
organic disulfide		indicator
trifluridine
Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.		2.6930nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
ornithine
Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.		4.48240non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
ornithine		algal metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
mouse metabolite
asparagine
Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.		5.01130amino acid zwitterion;
asparagine;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-hydroxypropiophenone
[no description available]		2.0410acetophenones
histidine
Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.		11.611641amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-pentanol
n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.		2.3820pentanol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
1,1,1-trichloroethane
Trichloroethanes: Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.. 1,1,1-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes carrying three chloro substituents at position 1.		2.0410chloroethanespolar solvent
medroxyprogesterone acetate
[no description available]		4.696120-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
steroid ester		adjuvant;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
female contraceptive drug;
inhibitor;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
sulfobromophthalein sodium
bromosulfophthalein sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of bromosulfophthalein.. bromosulfophthalein : An organosulfonic acid that consists of phthalide bearing four bromo substituents at positions 4, 5, 6 and 7 as well as two 4-hydroxy-3-sulfophenyl groups both located at position 1.		2.6930organic sodium saltdye
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		3.91130L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine
Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.		10.65191amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol
[no description available]		11.2411117beta-hydroxy steroid;
aromatic ether;
terminal acetylenic compound		prodrug;
xenoestrogen
methaqualone
Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s.		2.3820quinazolinesGABA agonist;
sedative
trypan blue
VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution.		2.0510
methandrostenolone
Methandrostenolone: A synthetic steroid with anabolic properties that are more pronounced than its androgenic effects. It has little progestational activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188)		2.3820organic molecular entity
cordycepin
[no description available]		2.05103'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines		antimetabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		10.32721erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine
Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.		3.2260aspartate family amino acid;
isoleucine;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
quinethazone
quinethazone: RN given for cpd without isomeric designation. quinethazone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2, 6 and 7 by ethyl, sulfamoyl and chloro groups respectively; a thiazide-like diuretic used to treat hypertension.		2.0410quinazolinesantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		15.1110616arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
methyl bromide
methyl bromide: used in ionization chambers, degreasing wool, extracting oils; insect fumigant; high concentrations can produce pulmonary edema,narcosis; chronic exposure can cause CNS depression,kidney injury; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bromomethane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to three hydrogen atoms and one bromine atom. It is produced naturally by marine algae.		1.9310bromohydrocarbon;
bromomethanes;
methyl halides		algal metabolite;
fumigant insecticide;
marine metabolite
ethane
Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.		1.9510alkane;
gas molecular entity		plant metabolite;
refrigerant
ethylene
Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges		2.8230alkene;
gas molecular entity		plant hormone;
refrigerant
methyl chloride
Methyl Chloride: A hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent. It has been used as an aerosal propellent, as a refrigerant and as a local anesthetic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p1403). chlorocarbon : Compounds consisting wholly of chlorine and carbon.. chloromethane : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a chloro group.		210chloromethanes;
methyl halides		marine metabolite;
mutagen;
refrigerant
boranes
Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.		2.4720boranes;
mononuclear parent hydride
propane
Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.		2.420alkane;
gas molecular entity		food propellant
ethyl chloride
Ethyl Chloride: A gas that condenses under slight pressure. Because of its low boiling point ethyl chloride sprayed on skin produces an intense cold by evaporation. Cold blocks nerve conduction. Ethyl chloride has been used in surgery but is primarily used to relieve local pain in sports medicine.. chloroethane : The simplest and least toxic member of the class of chloroethanes, that is ethane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a chlorine. A colourless gas at room temperature and pressure (boiling point 12degreeC), it is used as a mild topical anaesthetic to numb the skin prior to ear piercing, skin biopsies, etc., and is also used in the treatment of sports injuries. It was formerly used in the production of tetraethyllead.		2.0410chloroethanesantipruritic drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
local anaesthetic
vinyl chloride
Vinyl Chloride: A gas that has been used as an aerosol propellant and is the starting material for polyvinyl resins. Toxicity studies have shown various adverse effects, particularly the occurrence of liver neoplasms.. chloroethene : A monohaloethene that is ethene in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a chloro group.		7.420chloroethenes;
gas molecular entity;
monohaloethene		carcinogenic agent
ethylamine
ethylamine : A two-carbon primary aliphatic amine.		2.0610primary aliphatic aminehuman metabolite
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.9440aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
ethylene oxide
Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.		2.0210gas molecular entity;
oxacycle;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		allergen;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen
trichlorofluoromethane
trichlorofluoromethane: refrigerant, aerosol propellant; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. trichlorofluoromethane : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which the hydrogens have been replaced by three chlorine and one fluorine atom.		2.0410chlorofluorocarbon;
halomethane		environmental contaminant;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
NMR solvent;
refrigerant
tribromoethanol
tribromoethanol: major descriptor (66-90); on-line search ETHANOL (66-90); INDEX MEDICUS search TRIBROMOETHANOL (66-90)		2.0410alcohol;
organobromine compound
tert-butylhydroperoxide
tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.		8.1350alkyl hydroperoxideantibacterial agent;
oxidising agent
pentachloroethane
[no description available]		2.0410chloroethanesnon-polar solvent
trichloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.		2.6630monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
perflutren
Definity: a fluorocarbon-filled ultrasonic contrast agent; Definity is tradename. octafluoropropane : A fluorocarbon that is propane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.		3.2310fluoroalkane;
fluorocarbon
hexadecafluoro-nonanoic acid
hexadecafluoro-nonanoic acid: an endocrine disruptor. hexadecafluorononanoic acid : Any derivative of nonanoic acid carrying sixteen fluoro substituents.		2.610hexadecafluorononanoic acid
triamcinolone acetonide
Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.		2.051011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
fluoxymesterone
Fluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.		4.014011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
fluorinated steroid		anabolic agent;
antineoplastic agent
mepenzolate bromide
[no description available]		2.7430diarylmethane
allylpropymal
allylpropymal: RN given refers to parent cpd. aprobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5.		2.0510barbiturates
phencyclidine
Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.		2.3820benzenes;
piperidines		anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug
caramiphen
caramiphen: structure		2.0810benzenes
butobarbital
butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital)		2.0510barbiturates
methsuximide
methsuximide: anticonvulsant effective in petit mal & psychomotor epilepsy; has a number of unpleasant & toxic side effects; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SUCCINIMIDES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.2310organic molecular entity
acedapsone
Acedapsone: Acetylated sulfone that is slowly metabolized to give long-term, low blood levels of DAPSONE. It has antimicrobial and antimalarial action, but is mainly used as a depot leprostatic agent.. acedapsone : A sulfone that is dapsone in which both of the amino groups been acetylation. An antimicrobial drug, it also has antimalarial activity.		1.9910acetamides;
anilide;
secondary carboxamide;
sulfone		antimalarial;
antimicrobial drug
carbromal
carbromal: was heading 1963-94 (Prov 1963-73); use UREA to search CARBROMAL 1963-94		2.0410N-acylurea
tromethamine
Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)		4.1850primary amino compound;
triol		buffer
3-mercaptopropionic acid
3-Mercaptopropionic Acid: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.. 3-mercaptopropanoic acid : A mercaptopropanoic acid that is propanoic acid carrying a sulfanyl group at position 3.		2.8330mercaptopropanoic acidalgal metabolite
pentaerythritol tetranitrate
Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate: A vasodilator with general properties similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a more prolonged duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1025). pentaerythritol tetranitrate : A pentaerythritol nitrate in which all four hydroxy groups of pentaerythritol have been converted to the corresponding nitrate ester. It is a vasodilator with properties similar to those of glyceryl trinitrate, but with a more prolonged duration of action, and is used for treatment of angina pectoris. It is also one of the most powerful high explosives known and is a component of the plastic explosive known as Semtex.		3.3510pentaerythritol nitrateexplosive;
vasodilator agent
triparanol
Triparanol: Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts.		2.0410stilbenoidanticoronaviral agent
isopentane
[no description available]		2.0410alkanerefrigerant
isoprene
isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.		2.0610alkadiene;
hemiterpene;
volatile organic compound		plant metabolite
trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.		3.1550chloroethenesinhalation anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite
acrylamide
[no description available]		2.4920acrylamides;
N-acylammonia;
primary carboxamide		alkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
Maillard reaction product;
mutagen;
neurotoxin
acrylic acid
acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.		4.32170alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acidmetabolite
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane: see also record for tetrachloroethane. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane substituted by chloro groups at positions 1, 1, 2 and 2.		2.0410chloroethanes
methacrylamide
[no description available]		2.0610acrylamides;
primary carboxamide
pempidine
Pempidine: A nicotinic antagonist most commonly used as an experimental tool. It has been used as a ganglionic blocker in the treatment of hypertension but has largely been supplanted for that purpose by more specific drugs.		1.9410piperidines
pantothenic acid
Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.		13.841891pantothenic acid;
vitamin B5		antidote to curare poisoning;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite
bisphenol a
4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.		12.6181bisphenolendocrine disruptor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic;
xenoestrogen
sulfachlorpyridazine
Sulfachlorpyridazine: A sulfonamide antimicrobial used for urinary tract infections and in veterinary medicine.. sulfachloropyridazine : A sulfonamide antimicrobial used for urinary tract infections and in veterinary medicine.		2.0710organochlorine compound;
pyridazines;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
dehydrocholic acid
Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton.		2.051012-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-5beta-steroid;
7-oxo steroid;
oxo-5beta-cholanic acid		gastrointestinal drug
taurocholic acid
Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.		3.2660amino sulfonic acid;
bile acid taurine conjugate		human metabolite
rhodamine b
rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.		3.82100organic chloride salt;
xanthene dye		fluorescent probe;
fluorochrome;
histological dye
pyridoxic acid
Pyridoxic Acid: The catabolic product of most of VITAMIN B 6; (PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; and PYRIDOXAMINE) which is excreted in the urine.. 4-pyridoxic acid : A methylpyridine that is 2-methylpyridine substituted by a hydroxy group at C-3, a carboxy group at C-4, and a hydroxymethyl group at C-5. It is the catabolic product of vitamin B6 and is excreted in the urine.. 4-pyridoxate : A pyridoxate that is the conjugate base of 4-pyridoxic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.		6.4953hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cyclizine
Cyclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935). cyclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group.		2.7430N-alkylpiperazineantiemetic;
central nervous system depressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic
buclizine
buclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine carrying (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and 4-tert-butylbenzyl groups.		2.0410monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine		antiemetic;
central nervous system depressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
local anaesthetic
acenaphthene
[no description available]		2.0410acenaphthenes
methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.		6.211016-methylprednisolone;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antiemetic;
environmental contaminant;
neuroprotective agent;
xenobiotic
lawsone
lawsone: a molluscacide from leaves of Lawsonia inermis L. topical sunscreening agent; structure; powdered leaves of Lawsonia inermis(Lythraceae) used as brown hair dye. lawsone : 1,4-Naphthoquinone carrying a hydroxy function at C-2. It is obtained from the leaves of Lawsonia inermis.		7.610
rotenone
Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.		8.1350organic heteropentacyclic compound;
rotenones		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor;
phytogenic insecticide;
piscicide;
toxin
7,8-dimethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl]benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
[no description available]		2.0410flavin
thiopropazate
thiopropazate: minor descriptor (66-72); major descriptor (73-85); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-72); THIOPROPAZATE (73-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. thiopropazate : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has a chloro subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-acetoxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.		2.0410acetate ester;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
diquat
Diquat: A contact herbicide used also to produce desiccation and defoliation. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). diquat : The organic cation formed formally by addition of an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms of 2,2'-bipyridine. Most often available as the dibromide.		2.0510organic cationdefoliant;
herbicide
acetrizoic acid
Acetrizoic Acid: An iodinated radiographic contrast medium used as acetrizoate sodium in HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY.		2.0410aminobenzoic acid
phthalimide
phthalimide: RN given refers to parent cpd. phthalimide : A dicarboximide that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole substituted by oxo groups at positions 1 and 3.		2.110phthalimides
pyocyanine
Pyocyanine: Antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.. pyocyanine : An iminium betaine that is 5-methylphenazin-5-ium which is substituted at position 1 by an oxidanidyl group. An antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.		2.2110iminium betaine;
phenazines		antibacterial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
biological pigment;
virulence factor
brompheniramine
Brompheniramine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.. brompheniramine : Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		3.9130organobromine compound;
pyridines		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
phensuximide
phensuximide: major descriptor (73-84); on-line search SUCCINIMIDES (73-84); Index Medicus search PHENSUXIMIDE (73-84); RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0710pyrrolidines
fluorene
[no description available]		2.0410ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
dimethisoquin
[no description available]		2.0710isoquinolines
penicillin v
Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.		3.9940penicillin allergen;
penicillin
isosorbide dinitrate
Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.		4.0840glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
penicillanic acid
Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration.		2.1310penicillanic acids
1,2,3-trichlorobenzene
trichlorobenzene: commercial grade of trichlorobenzene containing 70% 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene & 30% 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene; see also record for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. trichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying three chloro substituents at unspecified positions.. 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1, 2 and 3.		2.0410trichlorobenzene
hexachlorobutadiene
hexachlorobutadiene: a potent nephrotoxicant in rats; structure		2.0510organochlorine compound
hexamethylbenzene
hexamethylbenzene : A methylbenzene that is benzene in which all six hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups.		2.0410methylbenzene
xylitol
xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.		1.9810
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source		3.6290pyrrolidin-2-ones
thymol
Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.		7.3920monoterpenoid;
phenols		volatile oil component
1-methylnaphthalene
1-methylnaphthalene : A methylnaphthalene carrying a methyl substituent at position 1.		2.0410methylnaphthalenecarcinogenic agent;
plant metabolite
1-chloronaphthalene
1-chloronaphthalene: word preservative; in xylamon the active ingredient is 60% 1-chloronaphthalene; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #2126		2.0410
beta-glucono-1,5-lactone
beta-glucono-1,5-lactone: structure. D-glucono-1,5-lactone : An aldono-1,5-lactone obtained from D-gluconic acid.		2.1710aldono-1,5-lactone;
gluconolactone		animal metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pseudoephedrine
Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.		3.5820phenylethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
central nervous system drug;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
diethylpropion
Diethylpropion: A appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290). diethylpropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which one of the hydrogens alpha- to the carbonyl is substituted by a diethylamino group. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, it is an appetite depressant and is used as the hydrochloride as an anoretic in the short term management of obesity.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
tertiary amine		appetite depressant
michler's ketone
[no description available]		1.9810benzophenones
quinoxalines
quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.		3.4880mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
naphthyridine;
ortho-fused heteroarene
2-methylnaphthalene
2-methylnaphthalene: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-methylnaphthalene : A methylnaphthalene carrying a methyl substituent at position 2.		2.0410methylnaphthalene
2-chloronaphthalene
2-chloronaphthalene: structure in first source		2.0410
naphthacene
tetracene : An acene that consists of four ortho-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.		2.0410acene;
tetracenes
diphenyl
diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure		2.3620aromatic fungicide;
benzenes;
biphenyls		antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial food preservative
xanthenes
Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.		5.1130xanthene
phenothiazine
10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.		2.4620phenothiazineferroptosis inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
synephrine
[no description available]		2.4720ethanolamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenols		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
plant metabolite
propylparaben
Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)		2.0410benzoate ester;
paraben;
phenols		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.		2.0510carbonyl compound
2-xylene
2-xylene: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-xylene : A xylene substituted by methyl groups at positions 1 and 2.		2.0410xylene
2-chlorotoluene
2-chlorotoluene: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
2-dichlorobenzene
2-dichlorobenzene: structure. 1,2-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 2.		2.0410dichlorobenzenehepatotoxic agent;
metabolite
1,2-diaminobenzene
1,2-diaminobenzene: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,2-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine in which the two amino groups are ortho to each other.		2.1310phenylenediaminehydrogen donor
2-bromophenol
bromophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded bromine atoms.		2.4620bromophenolmarine metabolite
pseudocumene
1,2,4-trimethylbenzene : A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl groups at positions 1, 2 and 4.		2.0410trimethylbenzeneneurotoxin
durene
durene: structure. durene : A tetramethylbenzene carrying methyl groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5.		2.0410tetramethylbenzene
1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene
1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene : A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5.		2.0410tetrachlorobenzene
dilactide
dilactide: structure given in first source		2.2510dioxanes
methyl acrylate
[no description available]		7.5320enoate ester
4-butyrolactone
4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		3.1610butan-4-olidemetabolite;
neurotoxin
lactobionic acid
[no description available]		3.0240disaccharideantioxidant
phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate
Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate: The key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.. 5-phosphoribosyl diphosphate : A ribose diphosphate carrying an additional phosphate group at position 5.. 5-O-phosphono-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate : A derivative of alpha-D-ribose having a phosphate group at the 5-position and a diphosphate at the 1-position.		4.32605-O-phosphono-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
ethylene dimethacrylate
ethylene glycol dimethacrylate : The enoate ester that is the 1,2-bis(methacryloyl) derivative of ethylene glycol.		2.6320enoate esterallergen;
cross-linking reagent;
polymerisation monomer
furaldehyde
Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.		2.1310aldehyde;
furans		Maillard reaction product;
metabolite
benzenearsonic acid
benzenearsonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9210arsonic acids;
organoarsonic acid
tert-butylbenzene
[no description available]		2.0410
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid
Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.		4205-oxoproline;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		algal metabolite
cumene
cumene : An alkylbenzene that is benzene carrying an isopropyl group.		2.0410alkylbenzene
trehalose
alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.		3.1110trehaloseEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
adrenalone
adrenalone: RN given refers to parent cpd		7.2510aromatic ketone
3-dinitrobenzene
dinitrobenzene : Any member of the class of nitrobenzenes that consists of a benzene ring substituted by two nitro groups. A closed class.. 1,3-dinitrobenzene : A dinitrobenzene that is benzene disubstituted at positions 1 and 3 with nitro groups.		2.0510dinitrobenzeneneurotoxin
methylparaben
methylparaben: used as a preservative in cosmetics but potentiates UV-induced damage of skin; RN given refers to parent cpd. methylparaben : A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries.		2.0410parabenantifungal agent;
antimicrobial food preservative;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
4-cymene
4-cymene: structure. p-cymene : A monoterpene that is toluene substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4.		2.0410monoterpene;
toluenes		human urinary metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
2-diethylaminoethanol
2-diethylaminoethanol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. 2-diethylaminoethanol : A member of the class of ethanolamines that is aminoethanol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by ethyl groups.		1.9310ethanolamines;
primary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
ethylbenzene
[no description available]		2.4620alkylbenzene
styrene
Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.		1.9410styrenes;
vinylarene;
volatile organic compound		mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite
benzylamine
aminotoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more amino groups.		1.9710aralkylamine;
primary amine		allergen;
EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
pyridostigmine bromide
Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.		2.7530pyridinium salt
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane : An aromatic amine that is diphenylmethane substituted at the 4-position of each benzene ring by an amino group.		2.4620aromatic amineallergen;
carcinogenic agent
1,2-dihydrostilbene
1,2-dihydrostilbene: intermdiate in biosynthesis of dihydrophenanthrenes from phenylalanine. 1,2-dihydrostilbene : A diphenylethane that is the 1,2-dihydro derivative of stilbene.		2.0410diphenylethane
dibenzylamine
dibenzylamine: used in detection of cobalt, cyanate, & iron; RN given refers to parent cpd; CAUTION: synonym iminodibenzyl is not unique to this cpd; structure		2.0110aromatic amine
n-propylbenzene
n-propylbenzene: RN given refers to parent cpd. propylbenzene : An alkylbenzene that is benzene having one of its aromatic hydrogens substituted by a propyl group.		2.0410alkylbenzene
phenylisothiocyanate
phenylisothiocyanate: structure. phenyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenyl group attached to the nitrogen; used for amino acid sequencing in the Edman degradation.		2.4620isothiocyanateallergen;
reagent
benzonatate
benzonatate: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1107. benzonatate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with nonaethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Structurally related to procaine and benzocaine, it has an anaesthetic effect on the stretch sensors in the lungs, and is used as a non-narcotic cough suppressant.		3.8730benzoate ester;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		anaesthetic;
antitussive
n-butylbenzene
butylbenzene : An alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted by a butyl group at position 1.		2.0410alkylbenzene
caprolactam
Caprolactam: Cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. Can cause local irritation.. epsilon-caprolactam : A member of the class of caprolactams that is azepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.4920caprolactamshuman blood serum metabolite
1,4-dibromobenzene
[no description available]		2.0410dibromobenzene
4-bromophenol
4-bromophenol : A bromophenol containing only hydroxy and bromo substituents that are para to one another.		2.4620bromophenolhuman urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
marine metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
persistent organic pollutant;
rat metabolite
4-xylene
p-xylene : A xylene with methyl groups at positions 1 and 4.		2.0410xylene
4-chlorotoluene
4-chlorotoluene: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		2.0410monochlorobenzenes
dimethyl succinate
dimethyl succinate: potent insulin secretagogue		2.1310fatty acid methyl ester
glycidyl methacrylate
glycidyl methacrylate: RN given refers to monomer. glycidyl methacrylate : An enoate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of methacrylic acid with the hydroxy group of glycidol.		2.3110enoate ester;
epoxide
ethylene dibromide
Ethylene Dibromide: An effective soil fumigant, insecticide, and nematocide. In humans, it causes severe burning of skin and irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged inhalation may cause liver necrosis. It is also used in gasoline. Members of this group have caused liver and lung cancers in rodents. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), 1,2-dibromoethane may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.. 1,2-dibromoethane : A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying bromo substituents at positions 1 and 2. It is produced by marine algae.		2.0410bromoalkane;
bromohydrocarbon		algal metabolite;
carcinogenic agent;
fumigant;
marine metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen
propargyl bromide
propargyl bromide: structure in first source		2.2510
butane
butane : A straight chain alkane composed of 4 carbon atoms.		2.0410alkane;
gas molecular entity		food propellant;
refrigerant
1-butene
but-1-ene : A butene with unsaturation at position 1.		2.0410butene
acrolein
[no description available]		2.4110enalherbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
toxin
2-bromoethylamine
[no description available]		2.4620
allyl alcohol
allyl alcohol: structure. allylic alcohol : An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).. allyl alcohol : A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds.		2.4620primary allylic alcohol;
propenol		antibacterial agent;
fungicide;
herbicide;
insecticide;
plant metabolite
propargyl alcohol
propargyl alcohol: irreversibly inactivates alcohol oxidase; RN given refers to parent cpd. prop-2-yn-1-ol : A terminal acetylenic compound that is prop-2-yne substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.		2.2110propynol;
terminal acetylenic compound;
volatile organic compound		antifungal agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethyldioctadecylammonium
dimethyldioctadecylammonium: a cationic lipid analog; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.2510
2-methylpentane
Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.		2.0410alkane
deanol
Deanol: An antidepressive agent that has also been used in the treatment of movement disorders. The mechanism of action is not well understood.. N,N-dimethylethanolamine : A tertiary amine that is ethanolamine having two N-methyl substituents.		3.7421ethanolamines;
tertiary amine		curing agent;
radical scavenger
acetic anhydride
acetic anhydride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. acetic anhydride : An acyclic carboxylic anhydride derived from acetic acid.		2.1510acyclic carboxylic anhydridemetabolite;
reagent
succinic anhydride
[no description available]		2.0810cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride;
tetrahydrofurandione
maleic anhydride
Maleic Anhydrides: Used in copolymerization reactions, in the Diels-Alder(diene)synthesis, in the preparation of resins, pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. It is a powerful irritant and causes burns.. maleic anhydride : A cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of maleic acid.		2.7730cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride;
furans		allergen
3-xylene
m-xylene : A xylene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 3.		2.0410xylene
3-phenylenediamine
1,3-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine taht is benzene substituted at positions 1 and 3 with amino functions.		2.2110phenylenediamine
methyl malonate
methyl malonate: do not confuse with methylmalonate, i.e., malonic acid substituted with a methyl group on C2; structure		2.420
mesitylene
mesitylene: structure. 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene : A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5.		2.0410trimethylbenzene
1,3,5-trichlorobenzene
1,3,5-trichlorobenzene: structure in first source. 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5.		2.0410trichlorobenzene
cyanuric chloride
cyanuric chloride : A chloro-1,3,5-triazine in which the triazine ring is substituted on each carbon by chlorine. Its main use is in the preparation of the triazine-class pesticides.		2.3110chloro-1,3,5-triazine;
organochlorine compound		cross-linking reagent
bromobenzene
[no description available]		2.7430bromoarene;
bromobenzenes;
volatile organic compound		hepatotoxic agent;
mouse metabolite;
non-polar solvent
chlorobenzene
[no description available]		2.0410monochlorobenzenessolvent
cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.		2.5220cyclohexanols;
secondary alcohol		solvent
n-pentanoic acid
n-pentanoic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. valeric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms.		2.0510short-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		plant metabolite
pentane
Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.		2.0410alkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
1-pentene
1-pentene: structure in first source		2.0410
butyl chloride
butyl chloride: structure		2.0410
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		5.42180pyrrole;
secondary amine
furan
furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.		2.0510furans;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene		carcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
Maillard reaction product
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		15.17531mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
n-hexane
hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.		2.0410alkane;
volatile organic compound		neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
cyclohexane
Cyclohexane: C6H12. cyclohexane : An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon.		2.0410cycloalkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
cyclohexene
cyclohexene : A cycloalkene that is cylohexane with a single double bond.		2.4820cycloalkene
1-hexanol
1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.		2.0610hexanol;
primary alcohol		alarm pheromone;
antibacterial agent;
fragrance;
plant metabolite
diethylene glycol
glycol ether : A hydroxyether which contains both an ether and alcohol functional groups. It is one of the most versatile classes of organic solvents which are commonly used in paints, cleaners, adhesives, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.		2.4110hydroxyether
nonane
iotrochotin: toxin from the Caribbean sponge Iotrochota birotulata, which selectively permeabilizes synaptosomes. nonane : A straight chain alkane composed of 9 carbon atoms.		2.0410alkaneplant metabolite;
volatile oil component
3,3'-iminodipropionitrile
3,3'-iminodipropionitrile: lathyrogen; RN refers to parent cpd; blocks axoplasmic transport of neurofilament proteins with subsequent axon swelling typical of some motor neuron diseases		1.9810
ergotamine
Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.		2.4520peptide ergot alkaloidalpha-adrenergic agonist;
mycotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
oxytocic;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
estradiol dipropionate
estradiol dipropionate: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemline 7/83		2.0410steroid ester
methylergonovine
Methylergonovine: A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)		3.2310ergoline alkaloid
imipramine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochlorideantidepressant
neostigmine bromide
neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.		2.4520bromide salt
phenformin
Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.		4.3360biguanidesantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
mephobarbital
Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		2.9140barbituratesanticonvulsant
bromphenol blue
Bromphenol Blue: A dye that has been used as an industrial dye, a laboratory indicator, and a biological stain.. bromophenol blue : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. It is used as a laboratory indicator, changing from yellow below pH 3 to purple at pH 4.6, and as a size marker for monitoring the progress of agarose gel and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It has also been used as an industrial dye.		1.97102,1-benzoxathiole;
arenesulfonate ester;
organobromine compound;
phenols;
sultone		acid-base indicator;
dye;
two-colour indicator
paramethadione
paramethadione: structure		2.0410oxazolidinoneanticonvulsant
pentaerythritol
pentaerythritol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6904. pentaerythritol : A tetrol that is neopentane in which one of the methyl hydrogens of all four methyl groups are replaced by hydroxy groups. It is a chemical intermediate used in the production of explosives, plastics, paints, appliances, and cosmetics.		2.0610primary alcohol;
tetrol		flame retardant;
laxative
edrophonium chloride
edrophonium chloride : The chloride salt of edrophonium. A reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes), it is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.		2.4620chloride salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		antidote;
diagnostic agent;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
diethylhexyl phthalate
Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.		2.0310diester;
phthalate ester		androstane receptor agonist;
apoptosis inhibitor;
plasticiser
hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.		2.4520aromatic fungicide;
chlorobenzenes		antifungal agrochemical;
carcinogenic agent;
persistent organic pollutant
trinitrotoluene
Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.		2.5220trinitrotolueneexplosive
framycetin
Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.		5.25170aminoglycosideallergen;
antibacterial drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite
anthracene
acene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.. acenes : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives.		7.4520acene;
anthracenes;
ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
dimethoxyphenylethylamine
Dimethoxyphenylethylamine: A derivative of phenethylamine containing two substituent methoxy groups in the phenyl ring.. 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine : An aromatic ether that is the derivative of 2-phenylethylamine with methoxy substituents at the 3- and 4-positions. It is an alkaloid isolated from the Cactaceae family.		3.0510alkaloid;
aromatic ether;
phenylethylamine		allergen;
plant metabolite
pyrazolanthrone
pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.		2.0510anthrapyrazole;
aromatic ketone;
cyclic ketone		antineoplastic agent;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
geroprotector
di-n-pentyl phthalate
dipentyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the dipentyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.		2.4620diester;
phthalate ester		plasticiser
meglumine
Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.		2.4220hexosamine;
secondary amino compound
cinchophen
cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94		4.5670quinolines
chloroprocaine
chloroprocaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chloroprocaine : Procaine in which one of the hydrogens ortho- to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by chlorine. It is used as its monohydrochloride salt as a local anaesthetic, particularly for oral surgery. It has the advantage over lidocaine of constricting blood vessels, so reducing bleeding.		2.0710benzoate ester;
monochlorobenzenes		central nervous system depressant;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
iodohippuric acid
Iodohippuric Acid: An iodine-containing compound used in pyelography as a radiopaque medium. If labeled with radioiodine, it can be used for studies of renal function.. 2-iodohippuric acid : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-iodobenzoic acid with the amino group of glycine.		1.9410benzamides;
N-acylglycine;
organoiodine compound
uridine diphosphate glucose
Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.. UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism.		1.9810UDP-D-glucosefundamental metabolite
fluorodeoxyuridylate
Fluorodeoxyuridylate: 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate. An inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase. Formed from 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine.		10.84310pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
2-naphthol
2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.		1.9710naphtholantinematodal drug;
genotoxin;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
phenazopyridine hydrochloride
phenazopyridine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining phenazopyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.		2.7730hydrochloridecarcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
non-narcotic analgesic
tetrracaine hydrochloride
leocaine: a crystal beta-modification of the beta-dimethylaminoethyl ether of n-butylaminobenzoic acid hydrochloride		2.4620benzoate ester
shikimic acid
Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.		4.0340alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
cyclohexenecarboxylic acid;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
iminodiacetic acid
iminodiacetic acid: used as hepatobiliary imaging agent when labeled with Tc; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. iminodiacetic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a carboxymethyl group.		210amino dicarboxylic acid;
glycine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		chelator
n-heptane
Heptanes: Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.. heptane : A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi).		2.0410alkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent;
plant metabolite
sodium cyanide
Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions.		2.6830cyanide salt;
one-carbon compound;
sodium salt		EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
anileridine
anileridine: minor descriptor (64-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search ISONIPECOTIC ACIDS (68-86); RN given refers to parent cpd. anileridine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of isonipecotic acid in which the hydrogen alpha- to the carboxyl group is substituted by a phenyl group, and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl group.		2.0410ethyl ester;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
substituted aniline		opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist
monomethylarsonic acid
monomethylarsonic acid: structure given in first source		6.06103arsonic acids;
one-carbon compound;
organoarsonic acid
pregnenolone
[no description available]		3.171020-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
C21-steroid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
yohimbine
Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.		2.7530methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylatealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
diphenhydramine hydrochloride
Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.		2.9140hydrochloride;
organoammonium salt		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
sedative
nafcillin
Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.		3.2310penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
pentoxyl
Pentoxyl: 5-Hydroxymethyl-6-methyl- 2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Uracil derivative used in combination with toxic antibiotics to lessen their toxicity; also to stimulate leukopoiesis and immunity. Synonyms: pentoksil; hydroxymethylmethyluracil.		1.9510pyrimidone
ditiocarb
Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.		2.9740dithiocarbamic acidschelator;
copper chelator
mequinol
mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510methoxybenzenes;
phenols		metabolite
potassium cyanide
[no description available]		2.420cyanide salt;
one-carbon compound;
potassium salt		EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
neurotoxin
aziridine
[no description available]		2.830azacycloalkane;
aziridines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		alkylating agent
methohexital
Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.		3.2310acetylenic compound;
barbiturates		drug allergen;
intravenous anaesthetic
quinestrol
Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011)		2.051017-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
sulfalene
Sulfalene: Long-acting plasma-bound sulfonamide used for respiratory and urinary tract infections and also for malaria.		2.3820pyrazines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide
cycloguanil
cycloguanil: the active metabolite of proguanil; antifolate drug; structure in first source. cycloguanil : A triazine in which a 1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine ring is substituted at N-1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group, at C-2 and -4 by amino groups and at C-6 by gem-dimethyl groups. A dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, it is a metabolite of the antimalarial drug proguanil.		2.9440triazinesantifolate;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
dydrogesterone
[no description available]		3.822120-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid		progestin
catechin
Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.		6.56242catechinantioxidant;
plant metabolite
tripelennamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
thiamine pyrophosphate
Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate.		5.91140organic chloride salt;
vitamin B1
homoarginine
L-homoarginine : An L-lysine derivative that is the L-enantiomer of homoarginine.		7.2510homoarginine;
L-lysine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		biomarker;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
rat metabolite;
xenobiotic metabolite
1,12-benzoperylene
1,12-benzoperylene: structure; see also record for benzoperylene		2.0410ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
benzo(e)pyrene
benzo(e)pyrene: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzo[e]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings. It is listed as a Group 3 carcinogen by the IARC.		2.0410ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenecarcinogenic agent;
mutagen
perylene
Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.		2.7730ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene;
perylenes
benzo(j)fluoranthene
benzo(j)fluoranthene: dihydrodiol metabolites identified as mutagens; structure given in first source		2.0410naphthalenes
benzo(b)fluoranthene
benzo[b]fluoranthene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene that consists of a benzene ring fused with a acephenanthrylene ring.		2.0410ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenemutagen
fluoranthene
fluoranthene: structure. fluoranthene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a naphthalene and benzene unit connected by a five-membered ring.		2.0410ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
benzo(k)fluoranthene
[no description available]		2.0410naphthalenes
triphenylene
triphenylene: structure. triphenylene : An ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings.		2.0410ortho-fused polycyclic arene
chrysene
chrysene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #2252. chrysene : An ortho-fused polycyclic arene found commonly in the coal tar.		2.0410ortho-fused polycyclic areneplant metabolite
dibenzo(aj)anthracene
dibenzo(aj)anthracene: structure in first source		2.0410phenanthrenes
benzo(a)fluorene
benzo(a)fluorene: structure in first source		2.0410carbotetracyclic compound
benzo(b)fluorene
benzo(b)fluorene: structure in first source		2.0410carbotetracyclic compound
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		18.152253azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
acridines
Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.		3.0750acridines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
polycyclic heteroarene		genotoxin
indazoles
Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.		5.0440indazole
triethylenediamine
triethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethylenediamine : An organic heterobicylic compound that is piperazine with an ethane-1,2-diyl group forming a bridge between N1 and N4. It is typically used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.		210bridged compound;
diamine;
saturated organic heterobicyclic parent;
tertiary amino compound		antioxidant;
catalyst;
reagent
adamantane
Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.		8.2350adamantanes;
polycyclic alkane
cyclopentane
Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.		2.7330cycloalkane;
cyclopentanes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
isoxazoles
Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.		4.8642isoxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		3.6201,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		6.142401,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pyrimidine
pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.		6.54100diazine;
pyrimidines		Daphnia magna metabolite
pyrazines
Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.		8.3470diazine;
pyrazines		Daphnia magna metabolite
cyclooctane
[no description available]		2.0410
ethynodiol diacetate
Ethynodiol Diacetate: A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		11.16101steroid ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
estrogen receptor modulator;
synthetic oral contraceptive
propantheline bromide
[no description available]		2.4620xanthenes
nitroblue tetrazolium
Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.		2.0810organic cation
calcium gluconate
[no description available]		9.13170calcium saltnutraceutical
ephedrine
Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.		9.3360phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenylethanolamines		bacterial metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		5.04130azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
thiocyanate
thiocyanate: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiocyanate : A pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid.		7.7330pseudohalide anion;
sulfur molecular entity		human metabolite
chlormadinone acetate
Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		2.4520corticosteroid hormone
edrophonium bromide
[no description available]		2.0610
norchlorcyclizine
norchlorcyclizine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510
dexamethasone 21-phosphate
dexamethasone 21-phosphate: has anti-inflammatory activity. dexamethasone phosphate : A steroid phosphate that is the 21-O-phospho derivative of dexamethasone.		2.251011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
steroid phosphate;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		glucocorticoid receptor agonist
evans blue
Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.		2.4520organic sodium saltfluorochrome;
histological dye;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
monocrotaline
Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.		2.9340pyrrolizidine alkaloid
testosterone enanthate
[no description available]		2.0510heptanoate ester;
sterol ester		androgen
opipramol
Opipramol: A tricyclic antidepressant with actions similar to AMITRIPTYLINE.		2.0410dibenzoazepine
5-fluorouridine
[no description available]		2.0210organofluorine compound;
uridines		mutagen
aminophylline
Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.		4.0140mixturebronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		6.06150N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
phenyramidol
phenyramidol: considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity		2.0510aminopyridine
6-aminonicotinamide
6-Aminonicotinamide: A vitamin antagonist which has teratogenic effects.. 6-aminonicotinamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-aminonicotinic acid with ammonia. An inhibitor of the NADP(+)-dependent enzyme, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, it interferes with glycolysis, resulting in ATP depletion and synergizes with DNA-crosslinking chemotherapy drugs, such as cisplatin, in killing cancer cells.		3.1510aminopyridine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary amino compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.1.1.44 (NADP(+)-dependent decarboxylating phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
teratogenic agent
flurothyl
Flurothyl: A convulsant primarily used in experimental animals. It was formerly used to induce convulsions as a alternative to electroshock therapy.		2.3620ether
perfluorooctanoic acid
perfluorooctanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorooctanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid.		2.4110fluoroalkanoic acidcarcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
environmental contaminant;
surfactant;
xenobiotic
perfluorodecanoic acid
perfluorodecanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated decanoic acid.		2.4110fluoroalkanoic acidenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
carbutamide
Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)		2.4520benzenes;
sulfonamide
glymidine
glymidine: was MH 1975-92 (see under SULFONAMIDES 1975-90); GLIDIAZINE & GLYCODIAZINE were see GLYMIDINE 1975-92; use SULFONAMIDES to search GLYMIDINE 1975-92; a sulfonamide hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion. glymidine : A sulfonamide that is N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide which is substituted at position 5 of the pyrimidine ring by a 2-methoxyethoxy group. It is a hypoglycemic drug used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.		2.0410diether;
pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		hypoglycemic agent
pseudoephedrine hydrochloride
pseudoephedrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of pseudoephedrine.		2.4620hydrochlorideplant metabolite
diethyl sulfide
ethyl sulfide : An aliphatic sulfide in which the sulfur atom is bonded to at least one ethyl group.. diethyl sulfide : An ethyl sulfide compound having two ethyl groups attached to a sulfur atom.		2.0410ethyl sulfide
perflexane
perfluorohexane : A fluoroalkane that is hexane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.		2.5720fluoroalkane;
fluorocarbon;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent;
radioopaque medium
galantamine
Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.		4.9621benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent;
benzazepine alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to curare poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
nandrolone decanoate
Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.5920steroid ester
aminoimidazole carboxamide
Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.		6.49171aminoimidazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide		mouse metabolite
methysergide
Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.		2.1310ergoline alkaloid
bucladesine
[no description available]		2.05103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
butanamides;
butyrate ester		agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
vasodilator agent
thymidine monophosphate
Thymidine Monophosphate: 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.. dTMP : The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate).		9.44560thymidine 5'-monophosphatefundamental metabolite
procarbazine hydrochloride
procarbazine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining procarbazine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		2.4620hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
N-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1-[4-[[(2-chlorophenyl)methylamino]methyl]cyclohexyl]methanamine
[no description available]		2.0410aromatic amine
citrulline
citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.		5.13150amino acid zwitterion;
citrulline		Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
protective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
perfluorobutyric acid
perfluorobutyric acid: ion pairing reagent; RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorobutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is perfluorinated butyric acid.		2.0110fluoroalkanoic acidchromatographic reagent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
betamethasone
Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)		4.618011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
prenylamine
Prenylamine: A drug formerly used in the treatment of angina pectoris but superseded by less hazardous drugs. Prenylamine depletes myocardial catecholamine stores and has some calcium channel blocking activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1406)		2.3920diarylmethane
perflubron
perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.		2.7930haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
perfluorinated compound		blood substitute;
radioopaque medium
fluorometholone
Fluorometholone: A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluorometholone : A member of the class of glucocorticoids that is Delta(1)-progesterone substituted at positions 11beta and 17 by hydroxy groups, at position 6alpha by a methyl group and at position 9 by a fluoro group. Used for the treatment of corticosteroid-responsive inflammation of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment of the globe.		2.071011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug
cyproterone acetate
[no description available]		5.085220-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
chlorinated steroid;
steroid ester		androgen antagonist;
geroprotector;
progestin
lithocholic acid
Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.		2.7330bile acid;
C24-steroid;
monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
nandrolone
Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.		4.66117beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		human metabolite
thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid: active against thimerosal intoxication; acts on cell membranes of tumor cells causing reverse transformation to normal cells; RN given refers to parent cpd		3.4920alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfur-containing amino acid;
thiazolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antidote;
antioxidant;
hepatoprotective agent
2-aminopurine
2-Aminopurine: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).. aminopurine : Any purine having at least one amino substituent.. 2-aminopurine : The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.		1.92102-aminopurines;
nucleobase analogue		antimetabolite
cyanogen
cyanogen: structure. oxalonitrile : A dinitrile that is ethane substituted by two cyano groups.		2.520dinitrile;
pseudohalogen
hydantoins
Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.		6.3121imidazolidine-2,4-dione
chlorphentermine
Chlorphentermine: A sympathomimetic agent that was formerly used as an anorectic. It has properties similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been implicated in lipid storage disorders and pulmonary hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1223)		2.0410amphetamines
fluorobenzenes
Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.		2.0410monofluorobenzenesNMR chemical shift reference compound
homocystine
[no description available]		13.13778amino acid zwitterion;
homocystines		human metabolite
dextropropoxyphene
Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.		4.01401-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoatemu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
limestone
Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.		7.76104calcium salt;
carbonate salt;
inorganic calcium salt;
one-carbon compound		antacid;
fertilizer;
food colouring;
food firming agent
glycyrrhetinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510cyclic terpene ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		immunomodulator;
plant metabolite
chenodeoxycholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		4.2750bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
glycocholic acid
Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		3.0950bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
nuciferine
nuciferine: CNS depressant; glutamic acid antagonist; RN given refers to (R)-isomer; structure		7.3110
fusarium
Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.		2.940
cholanthrene
cholanthrene: structure given in first source		2.0410
lucanthone
Lucanthone: One of the SCHISTOSOMICIDES, it has been replaced largely by HYCANTHONE and more recently PRAZIQUANTEL. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46). lucanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. Formerly used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It is a prodrug, being metabolised to hycanthone.		2.3720thioxanthenesadjuvant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
mutagen;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
schistosomicide drug
dichloralantipyrine
dichloralantipyrine: 1:2 compound of antipyrine with chloral hydrate		2.0410
plumbagin
plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.		2.1110hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone;
phenols		anticoagulant;
antineoplastic agent;
immunological adjuvant;
metabolite
menadiol
[no description available]		2.3620methylnaphthalenes;
naphthalenediols;
naphthohydroquinone
emetine
Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.		2.0410isoquinoline alkaloid;
pyridoisoquinoline		antiamoebic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiviral agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
emetic;
expectorant;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
dihydralazine
Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)		2.7530phthalazines
reticulin
Reticulin: A scleroprotein fibril consisting mostly of type III collagen. Reticulin fibrils are extremely thin, with a diameter of between 0.5 and 2 um. They are involved in maintaining the structural integrity in a variety of organs.		2.6430benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline;
isoquinolinol		plant metabolite
ninhydrin
Ninhydrin: 2,2-Dihydroxy-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione. Reagent toxic to skin and mucus membranes. It is used in chemical assay for peptide bonds, i.e., protein determinations and has radiosensitizing properties.. ninhydrin : A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2.		1.9510aromatic ketone;
beta-diketone;
indanones;
ketone hydrate		colour indicator;
human metabolite
lumazine
lumazine: structure. 2,4-dihydroxypteridine : Any dihydroxypteridine in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 2 and 4.. lumazine : A 2,4-dihydroxypteridine.		2.47202,4-dihydroxypteridine
kainic acid
Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.		5.5220dicarboxylic acid;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid		antinematodal drug;
excitatory amino acid agonist
bufotenin
Bufotenin: A hallucinogenic serotonin analog found in frog or toad skins, mushrooms, higher plants, and mammals, especially in the brains, plasma, and urine of schizophrenics. Bufotenin has been used as a tool in CNS studies and misused as a psychedelic.. bufotenin : A tertiary amine that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 5.		3.0510tertiary amine;
tryptamine alkaloid		coral metabolite;
hallucinogen
phenylpropanolamine
Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.		2.0510amphetamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid		plant metabolite
melarsoprol
Melarsoprol: Arsenical used in trypanosomiases. It may cause fatal encephalopathy and other undesirable side effects.		2.610triazines
indophenol
Indophenol: A deep blue dye (with the formula OC6H4NC6H4OH) used to detect AMMONIA in a common test called the Berthelot's reaction and to detect PARACETAMOL by spectrophotometry.. indophenol : A quinone imine obtained by formal condensation of one of the keto groups of benzoquinone with the amino group of 4-hydroxyaniline.		1.9310quinone iminedye
caprolactone
hexano-6-lactone : A epsilon-lactone that is oxepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.1310epsilon-lactone
4-hydroxybutyric acid
4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.		4.1204-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		general anaesthetic;
GHB receptor agonist;
neurotoxin;
sedative
thiazolidines
Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.		4.2250thiazolidine
mustard gas
Mustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).. bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide : An ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention.		6.9210ethyl sulfide;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
vesicant
cyanogen bromide
Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.		2.8740
tetranitromethane
[no description available]		2.6630organonitrogen compound
dihydroergotamine
Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.		3.8730ergot alkaloid;
semisynthetic derivative		dopamine agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic;
serotonergic agonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
trimethyl phosphate
trimethyl phosphate: request from searcher; structure. trimethyl phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate that is the trimethyl ester of phosphoric acid.		1.9710trialkyl phosphateinsect attractant;
NMR chemical shift reference compound
dithiazanine
Dithiazanine: 3-Ethyl-2-(5-(3-ethyl-2-benzothiazolinylidene)-1,3- pentadienyl)benzothiazolium. A benzothiazole that was formerly used as an antinematodal agent and is currently used as a fluorescent dye.. dithiazanine : A cationic C3-cyanine dye with 3-ethylbenzothiazol-2-yl groups at both ends.		1.9410benzothiazoles;
benzothiazolium ion		anthelminthic drug;
fluorochrome
methallenestril
methallenestril: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410naphthalenes
hematoxylin
Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.		2.4110organic heterotetracyclic compound;
oxacycle;
polyphenol;
tertiary alcohol		histological dye;
plant metabolite
podophyllotoxin
Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.		2.5120furonaphthodioxole;
lignan;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
triphenylmethane
triphenylmethane : A triarylmethane in which the three aryl groups are phenyl. It forms the basic skeleton of several synthetic dyes.		7.0410triarylmethaneenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
hesperidin
Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.82303'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
flavanone glycoside;
monomethoxyflavanone;
rutinoside		mutagen
medroxyprogesterone
[no description available]		3.492017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
androstenediol
Androstenediol: An intermediate in TESTOSTERONE biosynthesis, found in the TESTIS or the ADRENAL GLANDS. Androstenediol, derived from DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES), is converted to TESTOSTERONE by the oxidation of the 3-beta hydroxyl group to a 3-keto group (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES).. androst-5-ene-3beta,17beta-diol : A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-ene carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17beta.		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
luminol
Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.		7.9740
dimenhydrinate
gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source		3.620diarylmethane
hemimellitene
hemimellitene: structure. 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene : A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl groups at positions 1, 2 and 3. It has been found in Centaurium erythraea.		2.0410trimethylbenzeneneurotoxin;
plant metabolite
gluconic acid
gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.		5.0752gluconic acidchelator;
Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate
Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.		6.4163organic molecular entity
azomycin
azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure		2.4110C-nitro compound;
imidazoles		antitubercular agent
uridine diphosphate n-acetylglucosamine
Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine: Serves as the biological precursor of insect chitin, of muramic acid in bacterial cell walls, and of sialic acids in mammalian glycoproteins.		2.3110
4-(benzoylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid
4-(benzoylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid: Bepask is calcium salt		2.0710benzamides
acetylsalicylsalicylic acid
acetylsalicylsalicylic acid: potential immunogenic impurity in aspirin; structure		3.2110carbonyl compound
chlormethiazole
Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.		2.0510thiazoles
tropolone
Tropolone: A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS).. tropolone : A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii.		2.0810alpha-hydroxy ketone;
cyclic ketone;
enol		bacterial metabolite;
fungicide;
toxin
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is o-cresol carrying nitro substituents at positions 4 and 6.		2.3820dinitrophenol acaricide;
hydroxytoluene;
nitrotoluene		dinitrophenol insecticide;
fungicide;
herbicide
methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol
Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol: Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover.		3.7821methoxybenzenes;
phenols
methamphetamine
Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.		9.0540amphetamines;
secondary amine		central nervous system stimulant;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
psychotropic drug;
xenobiotic
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having a cyclohexyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms.		2.3920carbodiimideATP synthase inhibitor;
cross-linking reagent;
peptide coupling reagent
1-chloropropane
1-chloropropane: structure in first source		2.0410
2,2,4-trimethylpentane
2,2,4-trimethylpentane: nephrotoxic. isooctane : An alkane that consists of pentane bearing two methyl substituents at position 2 and a single methyl substituent at position 4.		2.0410alkane;
volatile organic compound		fuel additive;
nephrotoxin;
non-polar solvent
levocarnitine
(R)-carnitine : The (R)-enantiomer of carnitine.		3.8630carnitineantilipemic drug;
nootropic agent;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
water-soluble vitamin (role)
decamethonium dibromide
[no description available]		2.0410
maleimide
[no description available]		3.4820dicarboximide;
maleimides		EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
1,3-dichlorobenzene
1,3-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 3.		2.0410dichlorobenzene
delta-valerolactone
[no description available]		2.0810delta-lactone
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		15.215011dialdehydebiomarker
1-chlorohexane
[no description available]		2.0410
n-hexadecane
n-hexadecane: structure. hexadecane : A straight-chain alkane with 16 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oil isolated from long pepper.		2.1110long-chain alkanenon-polar solvent;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
triethylenephosphoramide
Triethylenephosphoramide: An insect chemosterilant and an antineoplastic agent.		3.0510phosphoramide
sulfanilylurea
sulfanilylurea: antimicrobial agent; structure		3.5920benzenes;
sulfonamide
eosine yellowish-(ys)
Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.		2.4110organic sodium salt;
organobromine compound		fluorochrome;
histological dye
gentian violet
Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.		2.0510organic chloride saltanthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antiseptic drug;
histological dye
thiphenamil
thiphenamil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410diarylmethane
amitriptyline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620organic tricyclic compound
resazurin
resazurin: used as indicator in detection of hyposulfite (sulfoxylate); in food research (reductase test); structure		2.4820phenoxazine
1-naphthylisothiocyanate
1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.		2.6930isothiocyanateinsecticide
2-nitrobenzaldehyde
2-nitrobenzaldehyde: structure given in first source. 2-nitrobenzaldehyde : Benzaldehyde substituted at the ortho-position with a nitro group.		2.1510benzaldehydes;
C-nitro compound
hematoporphyrin
Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.		3.3160
lithium carbonate
Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.		2.6730carbonate salt;
lithium salt		antimanic drug
4-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate
4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate: A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.		2.8840arenesulfonic acid;
arylmercury compound
tristearin
tristearoylglycerol : A triglyceride that is glycerol in which all three hydroxy groups have been formally esterified with stearic acid.		2.5420triacylglycerol 54:0Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite;
plant metabolite
tripalmitin
tripalmitin: structure. tripalmitin : A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.		2.0410triglyceride
glycidol
glycidol: structure given in first source		2.0210epoxide;
primary alcohol
glycerylphosphorylcholine
Glycerylphosphorylcholine: A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed)		1.9410glycerophosphocholine
silver acetate
silver acetate: RN refers to acetic acid, silver (1+) salt		2.1310
metahexamide
metahexamide: major descriptor (64-83); on-line search SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS (64-83); Index Medicus search METAHEXAMIDE (64-83); RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410benzenes;
sulfonamide
phenindamine
phenindamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410indene
1,4-dimethylnaphthalene
1,4-dimethylnaphthalene : A dimethylnaphthalene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 4.		2.0410dimethylnaphthalene
congo red
Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.		2.0510bis(azo) compound
lactulose
[no description available]		3.8730glycosylfructosegastrointestinal drug;
laxative
3-hydroxyflavone
3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.		2.1710flavonols;
monohydroxyflavone
isoxsuprine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620alkylbenzene
2,6-dimethylnaphthalene
2,6-dimethylnaphthalene: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene : A dimethylnaphthalene carrying methyl groups at positions 2 and 6.		2.0410dimethylnaphthaleneenvironmental contaminant
1,2-dibromobenzene
dibromobenzene : Any member of the class of bromobenzenes that consists of a benzene or a substituted benzene ring carrying two bromo groups at unspecified positions.		2.0410dibromobenzene
potassium carbonate
potassium carbonate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of carbonic acid.		2.2510carbonate salt;
potassium salt		catalyst;
fertilizer;
flame retardant
betaine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
3-aminophenol
3-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-aminophenol : An aminophenol that is one of three amino derivatives of phenol which has the single amino substituent located meta to the phenolic -OH group.		7.0110aminophenol
iodobenzene
iodobenzene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		2.4720
levulinic acid
levulinic acid: inhibits 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5316. 4-oxopentanoic acid : An oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position.		1.9410oxopentanoic acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		plant metabolite
1-hexene
1-hexene: structure in first source. 1-hexene : An alkene that is hexane carrying a double bond at position 1.		2.0410alkene
octadecane
octadecane: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecane : A straight-chain alkane carrying 18 carbon atoms.		210long-chain alkanebacterial metabolite;
plant metabolite
megestrol acetate
[no description available]		2.472020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
steroid ester		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
triphenylphosphine
triphenylphosphine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triphenylphosphine : A member of the class of tertiary phosphines that is phosphane in which the three hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.		2.6920benzenes;
tertiary phosphine		NMR chemical shift reference compound;
reducing agent
alpha-naphthoflavone
alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4. alpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).		2.1510extended flavonoid;
naphtho-gamma-pyrone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pamabrom
[no description available]		3.2310
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
pentachlorobenzene
pentachlorobenzene: structure. pentachlorobenzene : A member of the class of pentachlorobenzenes that is benzene in which five of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. Now classed as a persistent organic pollutant under the Stockholm Convention.		2.0410pentachlorobenzenespersistent organic pollutant
2-methylanthracene
2-methylanthracene: structure given in first source		2.0410
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		8.99331acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
chorismic acid
Chorismic Acid: A cyclohexadiene carboxylic acid derived from SHIKIMIC ACID and a precursor for the biosynthesis of UBIQUINONE and the AROMATIC AMINO ACIDS.. chorismic acid : The (3R,4R)-stereoisomer of 5-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-6-hydroxycyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid.		3.86305-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-6-hydroxycyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-hydroxyacetanilide
metacetamol : A derivative of phenol which has an acetamido substituent located meta to the phenolic -OH group. It is a non-toxic regioisomer of paracetamol with analgesic properties, but has never been marketed as a drug.		2.4620acetamides;
phenols		non-narcotic analgesic
methoxyacetic acid
methoxyacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methoxyacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a methoxy group.		2.4620ether;
monocarboxylic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mutagen
phendimetrazine
phendimetrazine: minor descriptor (66-86); file maintained to MORPHOLINES (66-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search MORPHOLINES (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410
1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene
1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene : A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2 , 3 and 4.. tetrachlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying four chloro groups at unspecified positions.		2.0410tetrachlorobenzene
1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene
1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene : A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2, 3 and 5.		2.0410tetrachlorobenzene
trimetozine
[no description available]		2.4620morpholines
glycochenodeoxycholic acid
Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycochenodeoxycholate : A N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of glycochenodeoxycholic acid.. glycochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oyl as the bile acid component.		210bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
erythromycin stearate
[no description available]		2.0510aminoglycoside
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		5.04130cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.		4.354117-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
isosorbide
Isosorbide: 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma.		2.0610organic molecular entity
butaperazine
butaperazine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search BUTAPERAZINE 1966-94		2.0410phenothiazines
diisopropylamine dichloroacetate
diisopropylamine dichloroacetate: stimulates smooth muscle & strongly inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity		1.9410carboxylic acid;
organohalogen compound
docosanol
Tadenan: from powdered bark of Pygaeum africanum (Rosaceae), see also heading for docosanol (a priciple ingredient of extract). docosan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is docosane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It is a non-prescription medicine approved by the FDA to shorten healing time of cold sores.. docosanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twenty-two carbon atoms.		2.0710docosanol;
long-chain primary fatty alcohol		antiviral drug;
plant metabolite
homoserine
homoserine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.. L-homoserine : The L-enantiomer of homoserine.		2.8840amino acid zwitterion;
homoserine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nitrosoguanidines
Nitrosoguanidines: Nitrosylated derivatives of guanidine. They are used as MUTAGENS in MOLECULAR BIOLOGY research.		1.9510
2-piperidone
2-piperidone: structure given in first source. piperidin-2-one : A delta-lactam that is piperidine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		1.9710delta-lactam;
piperidones		EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor
perfluoropentane
perfluoropentane: inert expander of tissue spaces, liquid at room temperature, but gaseous at body temperatures; used in experimental eye surgery; structure. perfluoropentane : A fluorocarbon that is pentane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.		3.4360fluoroalkane;
fluorocarbon		radioopaque medium;
ultrasound contrast agent
methylnitrosourea
Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.		3.2660N-nitrosoureasalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
mutagen;
teratogenic agent
ethylnitrosourea
Ethylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by ethyl and nitroso groups.		2.730N-nitrosoureasalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
genotoxin;
mutagen
9-methylanthracene
[no description available]		2.0410
9,10-dimethylanthracene
9,10-dimethylanthracene: RN given refers to parent ion		2.0410
levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.		3.231017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
calcium citrate
Calcium Citrate: A colorless crystalline or white powdery organic, tricarboxylic acid occurring in plants, especially citrus fruits, and used as a flavoring agent, as an antioxidant in foods, and as a sequestrating agent. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed). calcium citrate : An organic calcium salt composed of calcium cations and citrate anions in a 3:2 ratio.		4.3511organic calcium saltflavouring agent;
food additive;
food preservative;
nutraceutical
vinblastine
[no description available]		2.7430
hydroxyethyl methacrylate
hydroxyethyl methacrylate: many of cited refs are for gel which refers to polymeric form of above cpd: POLYHYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.		2.6320enoate esterallergen;
polymerisation monomer
diphenoxylate
Diphenoxylate: A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.. diphenoxylate : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of difenoxin.		3.2310ethyl ester;
nitrile;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amine		antidiarrhoeal drug
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		12.17467pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyuridine
[no description available]		15.971222pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
oxolamine
oxolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410oxadiazole;
ring assembly
ethylestrenol
Ethylestrenol: An anabolic steroid with some progestational activity and little androgenic effect.. ethylestrenol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is estrane containing a double bond between positions 4 and 5 and substituted by an ethyl group and a hydroxy group at the 17alpha and 17beta positions, respectively. It is an anabolic steroid that has little androgenic effect and only slight progestational activity. It has been used to promote growth in boys with delayed bone growth.		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
tertiary alcohol		anabolic agent
cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous)
cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : The hydrochloride salt of cyproheptadine. Note that the drug named cyproheptadine hydrochloride generally refers to cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate.		2.4620hydrochloride
estradiol valerate
[no description available]		2.0510steroid ester
cytidine diphosphate choline
Cytidine Diphosphate Choline: Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides.		4.131nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s;
phosphocholines		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
rhodamine 6g
rhodamine 6G: RN given refers to HCl		2.9940
deoxycytidine monophosphate
Deoxycytidine Monophosphate: Deoxycytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A deoxycytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety in the 2'-,3'- or 5- positions.. 2'-deoxycytosine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.		2.39202'-deoxycytidine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ammonium bicarbonate
ammonium bicarbonate: see also record for ammonium carbonate (di-NH4 salt)		2.1510organooxygen compound
ethambutol
Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.		4.0340ethanolamines;
ethylenediamine derivative		antitubercular agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
propylene sulfide
propylene sulfide: a major constituent of garlic		2.1710
phenylglyoxal
[no description available]		2.3720phenylacetaldehydes
nicotinamide mononucleotide
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: 3-Carbamoyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl pyridinium hydroxide-5'phosphate, inner salt. A nucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-N-glycosidic linkage with the C-1 position of D-ribose. Synonyms: Nicotinamide Ribonucleotide; NMN.		1.9510nicotinamide mononucleotideEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pyrithioxin
Pyrithioxin: A neurotropic agent which reduces permeability of blood-brain barrier to phosphate. It has no vitamin B6 activity.		1.9310methylpyridines
undecane
undecane : A straight-chain alkane with 11 carbon atoms.		2.0410alkane
tetramethylpyrazine
tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii).		2.5120alkaloid;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
lauryl gallate
[no description available]		7.1310gallate ester
4-aminothiophenol
[no description available]		2.0110
prolintane
[no description available]		2.8540amphetamines
dehydroepiandrosterone acetate
3beta-acetoxyandrost-5-en-17-one: structure in first source		2.0410steroid ester
durapatite
Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).		4.01120
cadmium sulfide
[no description available]		3.5370cadmium molecular entity
potassium hydroxide
potassium hydroxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-OH		210alkali metal hydroxide
sodium hydroxide
Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		1.9410alkali metal hydroxide
manganese dioxide
[no description available]		2.2110manganese molecular entity;
metal oxide
molybdenum trioxide
[no description available]		2.3110molybdenum oxide
zinc oxide
Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.		10.83191zinc molecular entity
lead sulfide
lead sulfide: surma refers to fine powder-like mascara, applied to conjunctival surfaces of eyes; originally contained antimony sulfide (derived from Urdu word for antimony); recently lead sulfide has been used due to scarcity of antimony; RN given refers to cpd with MF of Pb-S; galena is the principal ore of lead sulfide. Black kohl stone and red-brown kohl stone are widely used in eye cosmetics in the Middle East, Asia and Africa		2.1710
molybdenum disulfide
[no description available]		7.5920sulfide salt
cupric sulfide
copper(II) sulfide : A copper sulfide in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.		3.8190
arsenic trioxide
Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.		7.9940
ammonium hydroxide
Ammonium Hydroxide: The hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.. ammonium hydroxide : A solution of ammonia in water.		2.4320inorganic hydroxy compoundfood acidity regulator
vancomycin
Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.		5.18140glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
glycyrrhizic acid
glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.		3.0410enone;
glucosiduronic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
tricarboxylic acid;
triterpenoid saponin		EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		20.8840342alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
tocopherols
[no description available]		13.17113
pregnenolone carbonitrile
Pregnenolone Carbonitrile: A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.		2.0510aliphatic nitrile
selenomethionine
[no description available]		4.3441selenoamino acid;
selenomethionines		plant metabolite
flurandrenolone
Flurandrenolone: A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733)		2.071021-hydroxy steroid
ibufenac
ibufenac: used in the treatment of rheumatism; also possesses antipyretic properties; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search PHENYLACETATES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. ibufenac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-isobutylphenyl group. Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical use of ibufenac was discontinued due to hepatotoxic side-effects.		4.0840monocarboxylic acidEC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metaxalone
[no description available]		3.5820aromatic ether
spectinomycin
Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.		3.5820cyclic acetal;
cyclic hemiketal;
cyclic ketone;
pyranobenzodioxin;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
6-methylchrysene
6-methylchrysene: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0410carbopolycyclic compound
decane
decane : A straight-chain alkane with 10 carbon atoms.		2.0410alkane
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin: A mixture of isomers.		2.0510polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
stearylamine
stearylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecan-1-amine : An 18-carbon primary aliphatic amine.		2.7530primary aliphatic aminefilm-forming compound
ethyldimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide
Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide: Carbodiimide cross-linking reagent.		2.6530
paraquat
Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.		2.9240organic cationgeroprotector;
herbicide
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		2.91402'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate
Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		3.1410tertiary amine
2,5-dichloro-4-bromophenol
2,5-dichloro-4-bromophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9310
dronabinol
Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.		4.9940benzochromene;
diterpenoid;
phytocannabinoid;
polyketide		cannabinoid receptor agonist;
epitope;
hallucinogen;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic
methionine sulfoximine
methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine .		2.3720methionine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfoximide
amiloride
Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.		4.2850aromatic amine;
guanidines;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines		diuretic;
sodium channel blocker
clothiapine
clothiapine: was heading 1975-94 (was see under DIBENZOTHIAZEPINES 1975-90); CLOTIAPINE was see CLOTHIAPINE 1978-94; use DIBENZOTHIAZEPINES to search CLOTHIAPINE 1975-94; antipsychotic similar to clozapine		2.0410dibenzothiazepine
pimozide
Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.		4.2750benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound		antidyskinesia agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
flumethasone
Flumethasone: An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice.		2.071011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug
1,6-dichlorohexane
[no description available]		2.1110
azaribine
azaribine: pyrimidine analogue; anti-metabolite used in psoriasis & mycosis fungoides;. azaribine : A N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine that is 6-azauridine acetylated at positions 2', 3' and 5' on the sugar ring. It is a prodrug for 6-azauridine and is used for treatment of psoriasis.		2.0410acetate ester;
N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine		antipsoriatic;
prodrug
n-isopropylacrylamide
N-isopropylacrylamide: can polymerize with glycidyl acrylate to form reactive water-soluble polymer that can react with the amino groups of enzymes-proteins or other ligands		2.0410
fluorescein
Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.		5.581612-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
methylprednisolone hemisuccinate
Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate: A water-soluble ester of METHYLPREDNISOLONE used for cardiac, allergic, and hypoxic emergencies.		1.9810corticosteroid hormone;
hemisuccinate
beta-methylcholine
beta-methylcholine: RN given refers to non-isomeric parent cpd; see also record for methylcholine; do not confuse with alpha-methylcholine		1.9310cholines
thioflavin t
thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.		2.0510organic chloride saltfluorochrome;
geroprotector;
histological dye
dexbrompheniramine
dexbrompheniramine : The (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		3.2310brompheniramineanti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
12-methylbenzanthracene
[no description available]		2.0410
alpha-terpineol
terpineol : A family of monoterpenols that have a p-menthane skeleton containing one double bond and bearing a single hydroxy substituent.		2.4110terpineolplant metabolite
sulfadoxine
Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.		11.75307pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antimalarial
2-chloro-4-aminobenzoic acid
2-chloro-4-aminobenzoic acid: urinary metabolite of chloroprocaine. 4-amino-2-chlorobenzoic acid : 4-Aminobenzoic acid in which one of the hydrogens ortho- to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by chlorine.		1.9510aminobenzoic acid;
monochlorobenzenes
2-methylphenanthrene
[no description available]		2.0410
7-methylbenzanthracene
[no description available]		2.0410
acadesine
[no description available]		2.4201-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide;
aminoimidazole;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
n,n-dimethylacrylamide
[no description available]		2.0410
acetophenazine
acetophenazine: major descriptor (73-85); minor descriptor (64-72); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-85); Index Medicus search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-72); ACETOPHENAZINE (73-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. acetophenazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the nitogen atom and an acetyl group at position 2.		2.0410N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
phenothiazines		phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate
2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate: reducing agent; structure given in first source		2.5220
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		4.4360dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
doxifluridine
doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.		2.0510organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
dicloxacillin
Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.		3.620dichlorobenzene;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.		8.34602fluorescein isothiocyanate
sabinene
sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.		9.51224thujeneplant metabolite
mannose
mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.		4.6280D-aldohexose;
D-mannose;
mannopyranose		metabolite
dithiothreitol
1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.		3.771101,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol;
butanediols;
dithiol;
glycol;
thiol		chelator;
human metabolite;
reducing agent
iproclozide
iproclozide: structure		2.0510aromatic ether
megestrol
Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.		3.231017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
cephaloglycin
Cephaloglycin: A cephalorsporin antibiotic.. cefaloglycin : A cephalosporin antibiotic containing at the 7beta-position of the cephem skeleton an (R)-amino(phenyl)acetamido group.		2.0410beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin		antimicrobial agent
acedoben
4-acetamidobenzoic acid : A amidobenzoic acid that consists of benzoic acid bearing an acetamido substituent at position 4.		2.3720amidobenzoic acid
5-methylchrysene
5-methylchrysene: methylchrysenes in tobacco smoke are suspected to contribute to tumorigenicity of this inhalant; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure		2.0410carbopolycyclic compound
5,6-dimethylchrysene
5,6-dimethylchrysene: structure given in first source		2.0410
7-ethylbenz(a)anthracene
[no description available]		2.0410
tranylcypromine
Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.		2.07102-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
streptomycin
[no description available]		5.79300antibiotic antifungal drug;
antibiotic fungicide;
streptomycins		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
antimicrobial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
carbonates
Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.		3.0750carbon oxoanion
clonidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620dichlorobenzene
cladribine
[no description available]		4.0840organochlorine compound;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent
mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate: RN given refers to parent cpd. mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : The mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.		2.0310phthalic acid monoester
beclomethasone
[no description available]		2.492011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
corticosteroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug
(3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane
[no description available]		2.0610
fructosamine
Fructosamine: An amino sugar formed when glucose non-enzymatically reacts with the N-terminal amino group of proteins. The fructose moiety is derived from glucose by the classical Amadori rearrangement.		2.1110
ethylene dimethanesulfonate
ethylene dimethanesulfonate: antispermatogenic agent; structure		2.4620
carbenicillin
Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.		3.4920penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
carbenicillin disodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic sodium salt
dehydroemetine
dehydroemetine: was MH 1991-94 (see under EMETINE 1976-90); use EMETINE to search DEHYDROEMETINE 1976-94; amebicide, derivative of emetine. dehydroemetine : A pyridoisoquinoline which was developed in response to the cardiovascular toxicity associated with emetine and results from the dehydrogenation of the heterotricylic ring of emetine. It is an antiprotozoal agent and displays antimalarial, antiamoebic, and antileishmanial properties.		2.0510aromatic ether;
isoquinolines;
pyridoisoquinoline		antileishmanial agent;
antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug
noxiptilin
noxiptilin: proposed tricyclic antidepressent; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search DIBENZOCYCLOHEPTENES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410organic tricyclic compound
benorilate
benorilate: was heading 1980-94 (see under SALICYLATES 1980-90); was BENORYLATE see under SALICYLATES 1975-79; BENORYLATE was see BENORILATE 1980-94; use SALICYLATES to search BENORILATE 1980-90 & BENORYLATE 1975-79; an ester of aspirin and paracetamol with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases; it has less severe side effects than aspirin		2.4520carbonyl compound
trimetazidine
Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.		8.9130aromatic amine
buthionine sulfoximine
Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.		7.4120diastereoisomeric mixture;
homocysteines;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfoximide		EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer
metocurine
metocurine: from Chinese herb Cyclea hainanensis Mrr		2.0410isoquinolines
norleucine
Norleucine: An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to METHIONINE, however it does not contain SULFUR.. L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino group at C-2. It does not occur naturally.		1.95102-aminohexanoic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
carboxin
Carboxin: A systemic agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. carboxin : An anilide obtained by formal condensation of the amino group of aniline with the carboxy group of 2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiine-3-carboxylic acid. A fungicide for control of bunts and smuts that is normally used as a seed treatment.		2.1310anilide fungicide;
anilide;
enamide;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle;
secondary carboxamide		antifungal agrochemical;
EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
floxacillin
Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.		2.7530penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
clomacran
clomacran: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.8630acridines
mexiletine hydrochloride
mexiletine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride composed of equimolar amounts of mexiletine and hydrogen chloride.		2.4620hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
beclomethasone dipropionate
beclomethasone dipropionate : A steroid ester comprising beclomethasone having propionyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.		2.462011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
corticosteroid;
enone;
glucocorticoid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
vidarabine
adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.		2.9940beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
iprindole
Iprindole: A tricyclic antidepressant that has actions and uses similar to those of AMITRIPTYLINE, but has only weak antimuscarinic and sedative effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p257)		2.0410indoles
iodinated glycerol
iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant		3.520dioxolane
methenamine hippurate
methenamine hippurate: both parts of molecule contribute to its antibacterial action		3.2310N-acylglycine
isometheptene
isometheptene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5040		2.0410secondary amino compound
olsalazine
olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.		3.8230azobenzenes;
dicarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
n-methylaspartate
N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.		4.4870amino dicarboxylic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid;
D-aspartic acid derivative;
secondary amino compound		neurotransmitter agent
bipiperidyl mustard
bipiperidyl mustard: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.0610
tiadenol
tiadenol: structure		2.0510aliphatic sulfide
metoclopramide hydrochloride
metoclopramide hydrochloride : A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of metoclopramide monohydrochloride.		2.4620
dimethylpropiothetin
dimethylpropiothetin: has antineoplastic activity; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt. S,S-dimethyl-beta-propiothetin : A sulfonium betaine obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionic acid.		2.0310sulfonium betainemarine metabolite;
osmolyte
molindone
Molindone: An indole derivative effective in schizophrenia and other psychoses and possibly useful in the treatment of the aggressive type of undersocialized conduct disorder. Molindone has much lower affinity for D2 receptors than most antipsychotic agents and has a relatively low affinity for D1 receptors. It has only low to moderate affinity for cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors. Some electrophysiologic data from animals indicate that molindone has certain characteristics that resemble those of CLOZAPINE. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p283)		2.0410indoles
dysprosium
Dysprosium: An element of the rare earth family that has the atomic symbol Dy, atomic number 66, and atomic weight 162.50. Dysprosium is a silvery metal used primarily in the form of various salts.		2.1110f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
iridium
Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.		2.1510cobalt group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
lanthanum
[no description available]		2.4520f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom;
scandium group element atom
lutetium
Lutetium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.		3.5170d-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
manganese
Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.		12.96271elemental manganese;
manganese group element atom		Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient
mercury
Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.		11.26180elemental mercury;
zinc group element atom		neurotoxin
molybdenum
Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.		9.6380chromium group element atommicronutrient
neodymium
Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications.		2.2510f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
palladium
Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.		8.5280metal allergen;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
platinum
Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.		11.54151elemental platinum;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
rhenium
Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.		3.4770manganese group element atom
ruthenium
Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.		3.6580iron group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
samarium
Samarium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.		2.1110f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
scandium
Scandium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sc, atomic number 21, and atomic weight 45.		2.5520d-block element atom;
rare earth metal atom;
scandium group element atom
silver
Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.		5.15420copper group element atom;
elemental silver		Escherichia coli metabolite
technetium
Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.		10.62220manganese group element atom
terbium
Terbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.		3.3460f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
titanium
Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.		4.49210titanium group element atom
tungsten
Tungsten: A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.		2.3920chromium group element atommicronutrient
actinium
Actinium: A trivalent radioactive element and the prototypical member of the actinide family. It has the atomic symbol Ac, and atomic number 89. Its principal isotope is 227 and it decays primarily by beta-emission.		2.0210actinoid atom;
f-block element atom;
scandium group element atom
cadmium
Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.		4.95130cadmium molecular entity;
zinc group element atom
cerium
Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.		3.6480f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
chromium
Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.		4.9110chromium group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
erbium
Erbium: Erbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Er, atomic number 68, and atomic weight 167.26.		2.520f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
europium
Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.		8.7190f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gadolinium
Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.		4.8290f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		8.621880copper group element atom;
elemental gold
hafnium
Hafnium: A metal element of atomic number 72 and atomic weight 178.49, symbol Hf.		2.2510titanium group element atom
uranium
Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.		2.6630actinoid atom;
f-block element atom;
monoatomic uranium
vanadium
Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.		2.4820elemental vanadium;
vanadium group element atom		micronutrient
ytterbium
Ytterbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source.		3.0740f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
yttrium
Yttrium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.		3.81100d-block element atom;
rare earth metal atom;
scandium group element atom
zirconium
Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.		8.6680titanium group element atom
aluminum chloride
Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS.		2.0210aluminium coordination entityLewis acid
zalcitabine
Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.		3.1650pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
magnesium sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.		4.6161magnesium salt;
metal sulfate;
organic magnesium salt		anaesthetic;
analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
anticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
fertilizer;
tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride
Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.		3.7630mercury coordination entitysensitiser
acetylglucosamine
Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.		2.730N-acetyl-D-glucosamineepitope
hexocyclium
hexocyclium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410amine
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt
[no description available]		2.0110sodium phosphate
perchloric acid
[no description available]		1.9410chlorine oxoacid
palladium chloride
palladium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. palladium(II) chloride : A palladium coordination entity consisting of palladium(II) bound to two chlorine atoms.		1.9410palladium coordination entitycatalyst
hypochlorous acid
Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.		7.0110chlorine oxoacid;
reactive oxygen species		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		10.88504delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
ferrous sulfate
ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.		12.785120iron molecular entity;
metal sulfate		reducing agent
bromine
Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.		3.0450diatomic bromine
barium sulfate
Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite.		1.9410barium salt;
inorganic barium salt;
metal sulfate		radioopaque medium
zinc sulfate
Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.		12.13268metal sulfate;
zinc molecular entity		fertilizer
sodium sulfate
[no description available]		2.0810inorganic sodium salt
tricalcium phosphate
tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.		3.6290calcium phosphate
chromates
Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.		3.150chromium oxoanion;
divalent inorganic anion		oxidising agent
copper sulfate
Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.		2.4320metal sulfateemetic;
fertilizer;
sensitiser
metoprine
metoprine: histamine methyltransferase antagonist		8.84120
silver nitrate
Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.		2.6630inorganic nitrate salt;
silver salt		astringent
sodium thiosulfate
sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.		3.620inorganic sodium saltantidote to cyanide poisoning;
antifungal drug;
nephroprotective agent
sodium chromate(vi)
sodium chromate(VI): RN given refers to cpd with (MF) CR-H2-O4.Na. sodium chromate : An inorganic sodium salt consisting of sodium and chromate ions in a 2:1 ratio.		1.9710inorganic sodium saltcarcinogenic agent;
diagnostic agent;
oxidising agent;
poison
potassium dichromate
Potassium Dichromate: Chromic acid (H2Cr2O7), dipotassium salt. A compound having bright orange-red crystals and used in dyeing, staining, tanning leather, as bleach, oxidizer, depolarizer for dry cells, etc. Medically it has been used externally as an astringent, antiseptic, and caustic. When taken internally, it is a corrosive poison.. potassium dichromate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of dichromic acid.		2.6630potassium saltallergen;
oxidising agent;
sensitiser
deuterium
Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.		7.02303dihydrogen
fluorine
Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.		4.88110diatomic fluorine;
gas molecular entity		NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine
Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.		2.8940diatomic chlorine;
gas molecular entity		bleaching agent
deuterium oxide
Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.		4.0340deuterated compound;
water		NMR solvent
glycerol 1-stearate
glycerol 1-stearate: isolated from the young fronds of the bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum; structure in first source. rac-1-monostearoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol composed of equal amounts of 3-stearoyl-sn-glycerol and 1-stearoyl-sn-glycerol.. 1-monostearoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has stearoyl as the acyl group.		2.44201-acylglycerol 18:0;
rac-1-monoacylglycerol		algal metabolite;
Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite
galactose
aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.		4.1650
poloxalene
Poloxalene: A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.. pluronic : A triblock copolymer composed of a central hydrophobic chain of poly(propylene oxide) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of poly(ethylene oxide).		2.830epoxide
sizofiran
Sizofiran: A beta-D-glucan obtained from the Aphyllophoral fungus Schizophyllum commune. It is used as an immunoadjuvant in the treatment of neoplasms, especially tumors found in the stomach.		2.0210
ferric sulfate
ferric sulfate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:2] salt). iron(3+) sulfate : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(3+) to sulfate ions is 3:2.		3.3511iron molecular entity;
metal sulfate		astringent;
catalyst;
mordant
aluminum sulfate
aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) : An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation.		2.1510aluminium sulfate
ammonium ferric sulfate
ammonium ferrous sulfate: supplies nutritional iron. ferrous ammonium sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of ammonium, iron and sulfate in which the ratio of ammonium to iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 2:1:2.		1.9810ammonium salt;
iron molecular entity;
metal sulfate		ferroptosis inducer
ferric pyrophosphate
ferric pyrophosphate : An iron coordination entity composed from Fe(3+) cations and diphosphate(4-) anions in a 4:3 ratio.		3.710iron coordination entity
sodium selenite
disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio.		2.7630inorganic sodium salt;
selenite salt		nutraceutical
sodium tellurite
sodium tellurate(IV): RN given refers to di-Na salt		2.1310
calcium nitrate
calcium nitrate: an amylopsin activator. calcium nitrate : Inorganic nitrate salt of calcium.		2.0710calcium salt;
inorganic nitrate salt		fertilizer
4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan
4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.. 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine and at position 7 by a nitro group.		1.9610benzoxadiazole;
C-nitro compound;
organochlorine compound		EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor;
fluorescent probe;
fluorochrome
ancitabine
Ancitabine: Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.. ancitabine : An organic heterotricyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the oxo group of cytidine to the 2' position with loss of water to give the corresponding cyclic ether. A prodrug, it is metabolised to the antineoplastic agent cytarabine, so is used to maintain a more constant antineoplastic action.		2.0410diol;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
trolamine salicylate
Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		6.26111
clortermine
[no description available]		2.0410amphetamines
stanozolol
Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.		2.683017beta-hydroxy steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anabolic agent;
androgen
clodronic acid
Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.		2.74301,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
one-carbon compound;
organochlorine compound		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent
carbendazim
carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.		2.4620benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug;
metabolite;
microtubule-destabilising agent
nicofuranose
nicofuranose: derivative of nicotinic acid that produces fewer side effects than pure nicotinic acid; used in peripheral vascular disease; also proposed as anticholesteremic; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line search NIACIN/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search NIACIN/AA (83-84), NICOTINIC ACIDS (75-82)		2.0410organooxygen compound
ammonium chloride
Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.		3.75110ammonium salt;
inorganic chloride		ferroptosis inhibitor
ethionine
L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.		6.13121S-ethylhomocysteineantimetabolite;
carcinogenic agent
cysteic acid
Cysteic Acid: Beta-Sulfoalanine. An amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate. It occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.. cysteic acid : An amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine.		3.0610alanine derivative;
amino sulfonic acid;
carboxyalkanesulfonic acid;
cysteine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		animal metabolite
n-ethyl-n-hydroxyethylnitrosamine
N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)nitrosamine : A nitrosamine that is N-nitrosodiethylamine in which one of the ethyl froups has been replaced by a 2-hydroxyethyl group. It is used to induce renal and liver tumours in rodents.		1.9610nitrosamine;
primary alcohol		carcinogenic agent
cesium fluoride
cesium fluoride: RN given refers to above cpd		2.1110
titanium dioxide
titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.		4.17140titanium oxidesfood colouring
(1S,2R)-tranylcypromine
(1S,2R)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1S,2R)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.		2.07102-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
apazone
Apazone: An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.. apazone : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid.		2.0410benzotriazinesnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
uricosuric drug
misonidazole
Misonidazole: A nitroimidazole that sensitizes normally radio-resistant hypoxic cells to radiation. It may also be directly cytotoxic to hypoxic cells and has been proposed as an antineoplastic.		3.0810
parbendazole
parbendazole: anthelmintic used against a variety of gastrointestinal parasites; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZIMIDAZOLES; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester
cloforex
cloforex: carbamic ethyl ester of chlorphentermine; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #2275		2.0410amphetamines
xipamide
Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action.		2.0510benzamides
selegiline
Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.		3.8630selegiline;
terminal acetylenic compound		geroprotector
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		6.97726-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
clobutinol
clobutinol: was minor as SILOMAT mapped to AMINO ALCOHOLS (63-79)		2.0410benzenes;
organic amino compound
clemastine
Clemastine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.. clemastine : 2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.		4.140monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpyrrolidine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
thiamphenicol
[no description available]		2.4520monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfone		antimicrobial agent;
immunosuppressive agent
pizotyline
Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.		2.0510benzocycloheptathiophenehistamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
cephalexin
Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.		3.5820beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
cromolyn sodium
Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.		2.0610organic sodium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
drug allergen
isosorbide-5-mononitrate
isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug		2.4520glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		3.79110acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
fluoroboric acid
[no description available]		2.1510boron fluoride
gold tetrachloride, acid
gold tetrachloride, acid: used in root canal therapy; RN given refers to (SP-4-1)		2.1510
fluorides
[no description available]		6.41230halide anion;
monoatomic fluorine
danazol
Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.		5.279017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		anti-estrogen;
estrogen antagonist;
geroprotector
18-crown-6
18-crown-6 : A crown ether that is cyclooctadecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 have been replaced by oxygen atoms.		3.0710crown ether;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		phase-transfer catalyst
metergoline
Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.		2.0710carbamate ester;
ergoline alkaloid		dopamine agonist;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
fenclozic acid
fenclozic acid: an analgesic & antipyretic with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZOLES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd		3.8730
stannic oxide
tin dioxide : A tin oxide compound consisting of tin(IV) covalently bound to two oxygen atoms.		3.0540tin oxide
cresyl violet
cresyl violet: RN given refers to chloride. cresyl violet : A cationic heterotetracyclic fluorescent dye derived from benzo[a]phenoxazine.		2.1110
chromium
chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen		7.7930chromium cation;
monoatomic hexacation
etoprine
etoprine: do not confuse with 3,5-dicarbethoxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-ethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine, also called DDEP		1.9510
laxagetten 4,4'-diacetoxydiphenylpyridylemethane
[no description available]		3.5920
geosmin
geosmin: earthy smelling cpd from sediment in Lake Biwa; structure. (-)-geosmin : The (-)-stereoisomer of geosmin, having 4S,4aS,8aR configuration.		1.9710geosmin
reactive orange
[no description available]		1.9910
iodine
[no description available]		3.65100halide anion;
monoatomic iodine		human metabolite
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		11.3111aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
razoxane
Razoxane: An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties.		2.0410N-alkylpiperazine
capobenic acid
[no description available]		2.0710benzamides
diftalone
[no description available]		2.0710
fludarabine phosphate
fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.		3.5820nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
phosphotyrosine
Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.		2.420L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
O(4)-phosphotyrosine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
immunogen
disopyramide phosphate
[no description available]		2.4620organoammonium phosphate
alclofenac
alclofenac: was heading 1975-94 (was see under PHENYLACETATES 1975-90); use PHENYLACETATES to search ALCLOFENAC 1975-94; an anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; acts also as an analgesic and an antipyretic. alclofenac : An aromatic ether in which the ether oxygen links an allyl group to the 4-position of (3-chlorophenyl)acetic acid.A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the UK market in 1979 due to concerns with its association with vasculitis and rash.		3.5920aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
2,6-diaminopurine
9H-purine-2,6-diamine : A member of the class of 2,6-diaminopurines that is 9H-purine in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by amino groups.		1.92102,6-diaminopurines;
primary amino compound		antineoplastic agent
carbimazole
Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.		4.12311,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones;
carbamate ester		antithyroid drug;
prodrug
bromocriptine
Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.		3.5920indole alkaloidantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
hormone antagonist
indium phosphide
indium phosphide: molecular formula - InP		2.1710
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		6.87380benzenes;
phenyl acetates
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous
tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.		7.38111chloride salt;
organic chloride salt		antiseptic drug;
surfactant
dioctyl adipate
[no description available]		2.0310carboxylic ester
thiodiacetic acid
thiodiacetic acid: vinyl chloride metabolite in urine of rats		2.4520dicarboxylic acid
triamcinolone
Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.		2.894011beta-hydroxy steroid;
16alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
oxyphenisatin
[no description available]		3.8730indoles
tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.		3.0650chlorocarbon;
chloroethenes		nephrotoxic agent
fludrocortisone
Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.		3.231011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
mineralocorticoid		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
ursodeoxycholic acid
Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		9.42212bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
butylated hydroxytoluene
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.		2.4620phenolsantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
food additive;
geroprotector
pyrene
pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.		2.4520ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenefluorescent probe;
persistent organic pollutant
proquazone
proquazone: nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent; structure		2.0410pyrimidines
halazepam
halazepam: structure		2.0410organic molecular entity
butachlor
butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group.		2.0510aromatic amide;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate
8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.		1.98103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
adenyl ribonucleotide;
organobromine compound		antidepressant;
protein kinase agonist
transferrin
Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.		14.151265
rose bengal b disodium salt
[no description available]		2.4720
clobetasol propionate
Clobetasol Propionate: This is the form in trademark preparations.. clobetasol propionate : The 17-O-propionate ester of clobetasol. A potent corticosteroid, it is used to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.		2.11011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid		anti-inflammatory drug
androstane-3,17-diol
Androstane-3,17-diol: The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion.		3.41117-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid
alkenes
[no description available]		2.6630
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		10.7951glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
dexchlorpheniramine
dexchlorpheniramine: RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer		3.2310chlorphenamine
glucaric acid
Glucaric Acid: A sugar acid derived from D-glucose in which both the aldehydic carbon atom and the carbon atom bearing the primary hydroxyl group are oxidized to carboxylic acid groups.. D-glucaric acid : The D-enantiomer of glucaric acid.. glucaric acid : A hexaric acid derived by oxidation of sugar such as glucose with nitric acid.		3.8621glucaric acidantineoplastic agent
adenylyl imidodiphosphate
Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.		2.1310adenosine 5'-phosphate
clometacin
clometacin: structure		3.5920N-acylindole
azoxymethane
Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.		3.6690
cefazolin
Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		3.5920beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
tetrazoles;
thiadiazoles		antibacterial drug
ripazepam
[no description available]		2.0410benzenes
sodium azide
Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).		2.7130inorganic sodium saltantibacterial agent;
explosive;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mutagen
azides
Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.		4.38210pseudohalide anionmitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
adenosine diphosphate ribose
Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose: An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins.		1.9610ADP-sugarEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
amoxicillin
Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.		6.97122penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
timolol
(S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.		3.8630timololanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
indoramin
Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.4620tryptamines
tramadol
Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.		2.1102-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanoladrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antitussive;
capsaicin receptor antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nicergoline
Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.		2.0510organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
ferrozine
Ferrozine: A ferroin compound that forms a stable magenta-colored solution with the ferrous ion. The complex has an absorption peak at 562 nm and is used as a reagent and indicator for iron.		1.9810
nigericin
Nigericin: A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nigericin : A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.		2.7130polycyclic etherantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
oxcarbazepine
Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.		5.1780cyclic ketone;
dibenzoazepine		anticonvulsant;
drug allergen
carbidopa
carbidopa (anhydrous) : 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.		3.930catechols;
hydrazines;
monocarboxylic acid		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
moricizine hydrochloride
moricizine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained from equimola amounts of moricizine and hydrogen chloride.		2.4620hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
moricizine
Moricizine: An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.. moricizine : A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group.		3.5820carbamate ester;
morpholines;
phenothiazines		anti-arrhythmia drug
s-adenosylmethionine
acylcarnitine: structure in first source. S-adenosyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.		1.9410sulfonium betainehuman metabolite
amineptin
amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.		4.140amino acid;
carbocyclic fatty acid;
carbotricyclic compound;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		8.13162azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
feprazone
Feprazone: A pyrazole that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It has been used in mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p15)		2.0410organic molecular entity
acetylgalactosamine
Acetylgalactosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.		2.3110N-acetyl-D-hexosamine;
N-acetylgalactosamine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pirprofen
pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure		4.2650pyrroline
serentil
mesoridazine besylate : The benzenesulfonate salt of mesoridazine prepared using equimolar amounts of mesoridazine and benzenesulfonic acid.		2.4620organosulfonate saltdopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
tobramycin
Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.		2.9740amino cyclitol glycosideantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
toxin
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		9.091920taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl
tetrachlorobiphenyl : Any polychlorobiphenyl with molecular formula C12H6Cl4.		2.0410tetrachlorobenzene;
tetrachlorobiphenyl
etoposide
[no description available]		7.61251beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p
[no description available]		3.1210peptideneurokinin-1 receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
propafenone hydrochloride
propafenone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of propafenone. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.		2.4620hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
dobutamine
Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		5.9371catecholamine;
secondary amine		beta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
2,5-dichlorobiphenyl
2,5-dichlorobiphenyl : A dichlorobiphenyl that is p-dichlorobenzene in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a phenyl group.		2.0410dichlorobenzene;
dichlorobiphenyl
2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl
2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl : A dichlorobiphenyl that is chlorobenzene in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group.		2.0410dichlorobiphenyl;
monochlorobenzenes
2,4,6-trichlorobiphenyl
2,4,6-trichlorobiphenyl: structure given in first source		2.0410
halofantrine
halofantrine: used in treatment of mild to moderate acute malaria		2.0410phenanthrenes
penbutolol
Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent.		3.8930ethanolamines
etidocaine
Etidocaine: A local anesthetic with rapid onset and long action, similar to BUPIVACAINE.. etidocaine : An amino acid amide in which 2-[ethyl(propyl)amino]butanoic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. Used as a local anaesthetic (amide caine), it has rapid onset and long action properties, similar to bupivacaine, and is given by injection during surgical procedures and during labour and delivery.		2.0410amino acid amidelocal anaesthetic
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		9.861001-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
lentinan
[no description available]		2.0510
amikacin
Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.		3.8630alpha-D-glucoside;
amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside;
carboxamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
nephrotoxin
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate
Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.		2.3920butyrate ester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
fluorescamine
Fluorescamine: A nonfluorescent reagent for the detection of primary amines, peptides and proteins. The reaction products are highly fluorescent.		1.9810
carbidopa
[no description available]		2.7530catechols;
hydrate;
hydrazines;
monocarboxylic acid		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
cephradine
Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.		3.8630beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
agent orange
Agent Orange: A herbicide that contains equal parts of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), as well as traces of the contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.		2.0110
ticrynafen
Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.		4.4360aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antihypertensive agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
loop diuretic
n-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide
Duxon: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		4.5670
methyldopa
Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		9.9110L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
hapten;
peripheral nervous system drug;
sympatholytic agent
bezafibrate
[no description available]		4.6861aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
sq-11725
Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.		2.7530
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		4.89605-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.		3.8430pyridinium ionapoptosis inducer;
herbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
neurotoxin
nonachlazine
Nonachlazine: Coronary vasodilator with a novel mechanism of action; proposed as antianginal agent.		2.0510
vecuronium
vecuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.		3.2310acetate ester;
androstane;
quaternary ammonium ion		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.		3.1250alpha-amino acid ester;
L-arginine derivative;
methyl ester;
N-nitro compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
benoxaprofen
benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.		4.56701,3-benzoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antipsoriatic;
antipyretic;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
nephrotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
protein kinase C agonist
permethrin
hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141		2.7530cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
cyclopropanes		agrochemical;
ectoparasiticide;
pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide;
scabicide
exifone
[no description available]		3.5920benzophenones
quisqualic acid
Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.		2.8840non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
pirfenidone
pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.		2.0510pyridoneantipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.7330chromanol;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger;
Wnt signalling inhibitor
mefloquine
(-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.		3.2310[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanolantimalarial
desogestrel
Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED).		3.832117beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
flecainide acetate
flecainide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining flecainide with one molar equivalent of acetic acid. An antiarrhythmic agent used to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).		2.4620acetate saltanti-arrhythmia drug
nicardipine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620dihydropyridinegeroprotector
3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine
T1023: radioprotective NO-Synthase Inhibitor		2.7830
muzolimine
Muzolimine: A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects.		2.0510dichlorobenzene
nitazoxanide
nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug		3.2310benzamides;
carboxylic ester
sufentanil
Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		3.2310anilide;
ether;
piperidines;
thiophenes		anaesthesia adjuvant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
acarbose
[no description available]		3.2310tetrasaccharide derivativeEC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
torsemide
Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.		3.620aminopyridine;
N-sulfonylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
loop diuretic
epirubicin
Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.		7.26162aminoglycoside;
anthracycline antibiotic;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
p-quinones;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
desflurane
Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia.		2.0510organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
indacrinone
indacrinone: polyvalent saluretic; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.4620
prenalterol
Prenalterol: A partial adrenergic agonist with functional beta 1-receptor specificity and inotropic effect. It is effective in the treatment of acute CARDIAC FAILURE, postmyocardial infarction low-output syndrome, SHOCK, and reducing ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION in the SHY-RAGER SYNDROME.		2.0410aromatic ether
lorcainide
[no description available]		2.0410acetamides
idarubicin
Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.		8.8730anthracycline antibiotic;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative
propiconazole
Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.		2.1710conazole fungicide;
cyclic ketal;
dichlorobenzene;
triazole fungicide;
triazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
piperacillin
Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		4.140penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
paroxetine
Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.		11.2191aromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril
Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.		6.1491alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefoperazone
Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.		3.5920cephalosporinantibacterial drug
foscarnet sodium
trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		2.0510one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antiviral drug
indalpine
indalpine: selective 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710indoles
ethylcholine aziridinium
ethylcholine aziridinium: causes passive avoidance deficits		3.0610
atracurium
Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.		3.8630diester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
butoconazole nitrate
butoconazole nitrate : An organic nitrate salt obtained by reaction of equimolar amounts of butaconazole and nitric acid. An antifungal agent, it is used in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans.		2.4620aryl sulfide;
conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
organic nitrate salt
moxalactam
Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.		2.0510cephalosporin;
oxacephem		antibacterial drug
lidamidine
lidamidine: synonym WHR-1142A refers to HCl; structure		2.0710ureas
nicorandil
Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.		9.2431nitrate ester;
pyridinecarboxamide		potassium channel opener;
vasodilator agent
pergolide
Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		3.5820diamine;
methyl sulfide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
colforsin
Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.		3.5111acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol		adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist
cefadroxil anhydrous
Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		4.0840cephalosporinantibacterial drug
encainide
Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.		2.0510benzamides;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
sodium channel blocker
talniflumate
talniflumate: an anti-inflammatory molecule for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma		2.0710benzofurans
tiotidine
tiotidine: UD gives slightly different structure for this cpd; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		1.9610thiazoles
nedocromil
Nedocromil: A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS.		2.0710dicarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fialuridine
[no description available]		4.0840
amonafide
xanafide: salt formulation of amonafide; DNA-intercalating agent and topoisomerase II inhibitor		2.610isoquinolines
doxofylline
doxofylline : An oxopurine that is a derivative of xanthine, methylated at N-1 and N-3 and carrying a 1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl group at N-7, used in the treatment of asthma.		2.0410oxopurineanti-asthmatic drug;
antitussive;
bronchodilator agent
cefaclor anhydrous
Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		3.5920cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
bucindolol
bucindolol: an indolyl-tert-butyl-phenoxypropanolamine benzonitrile derivative		2.0410
mitoxantrone hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
alfentanil
Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.		3.5820monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		central nervous system depressant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
fomesafen
fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.		2.6830aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
organofluorine compound;
phenols		agrochemical;
EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor;
herbicide
miglustat
miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.		3.5920piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
haloperidol decanoate
[no description available]		3.2310organic molecular entity
metsulfuron methyl
metsulfuron methyl : A N-sulfonylurea in which the sulfonyl group is attached to a 2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl group while a (4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl group replaces one of the amino hydrogens of the remaining urea group.		2.33201,3,5-triazines;
benzoate ester;
N-sulfonylurea		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
dazoxiben
dazoxiben: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710
cefotetan
Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.		4.2650
lovastatin
Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).		11.89112delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
tolrestat
tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source		4.0940naphthalenesEC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
enoximone
Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.		2.0510aromatic ketone
piritrexim
piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.4120
simvastatin
Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.		12.83123delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
statin (semi-synthetic)		EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
prodrug
remoxipride
Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.		2.0710dimethoxybenzene
balsalazide
balsalazide: a mesalamine 5-aminosalicylate prodrug; 99% of ingested drug remains intact through the stomach and is delivered to and activated in the colon; used for inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis but avoided in patients with known hypersensitivity reaction to salicylates or mesalamine; structure in first source. balsalazide : A monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond.		3.2310
pravastatin
Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		14.881553-hydroxy carboxylic acid;
carbobicyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
xenobiotic
cabergoline
Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.		3.2310N-acylureaantineoplastic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
bambuterol
bambuterol: selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase. bambuterol : A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.		2.4620carbamate ester;
phenylethanolamines		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
amflutizole
amflutizole: xanthine oxidase inhibitor; structure given in first source		1.9710
atomoxetine hydrochloride
Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine.		2.0510hydrochlorideadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant
atomoxetine
atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.		3.8630aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound;
toluenes		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
quinapril
Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		4.5470dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
alpidem
[no description available]		4.4360imidazoles
raloxifene hydrochloride
Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.		10.9371hydrochloridebone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
gepirone
gepirone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0510N-arylpiperazine
mifepristone
Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.		3.59203-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		abortifacient;
contraceptive drug;
hormone antagonist;
synthetic oral contraceptive
itraconazole
Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.		2.0710aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
cyclic ketal;
dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
dopexamine
dopexamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0710catecholamine
lonapalene
RS 43179: used in treatment of psoriasis		2.0710naphthalenes;
organochlorine compound
fosphenytoin
fosphenytoin: structure given in first & second source		3.2310imidazolidine-2,4-dione
ranolazine
Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.		3.2310aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
secondary alcohol
ipsapirone
[no description available]		2.0710N-arylpiperazine
fura-2
Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.		1.9910
finasteride
Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.		3.61203-oxo steroid;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		androgen antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
sematilide
sematilide: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source		2.0710
esmolol
methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.		4.2750aromatic ether;
ethanolamines;
methyl ester;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
temafloxacin
temafloxacin: structure given in first source. temafloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-temafloxacin. Both enantiomers both exhibit similar pharmacological profiles. Temafloxacin was briefly used (either as the free base or as the hydrochloride salt) as an antibacterial drug but was withdrawn worldwide in 1992 following reports of serious side effects, including severe hypoglycaemia, haemolytic anaemia, liver and kidney dysfunction, anaphylaxis, and death.. 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-7-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 1, 6, and 7 by 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluorine, and 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.		2.4620amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound
clinafloxacin
clinafloxacin: structure given in first source; RN given is for monoHCl		2.4620quinolines
adefovir
adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		3.23106-aminopurines;
ether;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent
aromasil
[no description available]		3.231017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sparfloxacin
[no description available]		2.0510fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone
zileuton
[no description available]		4.56701-benzothiophenes;
ureas		anti-asthmatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
leukotriene antagonist;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
remacemide
remacemide: structure given in first source		2.0710stilbenoid
clopidogrel
Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.		4.0740methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
cidofovir anhydrous
Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.		3.5920phosphonic acids;
pyrimidone		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
photosensitizing agent
tiagabine
Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.		3.5820beta-amino acid;
piperidinemonocarboxylic acid;
tertiary amino compound;
thiophenes		anticonvulsant;
GABA reuptake inhibitor
mibefradil
Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.		2.4620tetralinsT-type calcium channel blocker
topotecan
Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.		5.2380pyranoindolizinoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
bromfenac
bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.		4.4360aromatic amino acid;
benzophenones;
organobromine compound;
substituted aniline		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		9.76323organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
temoporfin
temoporfin: used as PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY		340
ibutilide
ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt		3.2310benzenes;
organic amino compound
aripiprazole
Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.		3.2310aromatic ether;
delta-lactam;
dichlorobenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone		drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic agonist
remifentanil
Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.		3.2310alpha-amino acid ester;
anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidinecarboxylate ester		intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
sedative
atorvastatin
[no description available]		5.9671aromatic amide;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrroles;
statin (synthetic)		environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
lamivudine
[no description available]		4.6780monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
duloxetine hydrochloride
Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.		2.0210duloxetine hydrochlorideantidepressant
duloxetine
[no description available]		3.5920duloxetine
irinotecan
[no description available]		16.49245carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
valsartan
Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.		4.2750biphenylyltetrazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ibandronic acid
Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.2310
ziprasidone
ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.		3.58201,2-benzisothiazole;
indolones;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
zanamivir
Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.		2.0410guanidinesantiviral agent;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan
zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.		3.2310oxazolidinone;
tryptamines		anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
adefovir dipivoxil
bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		2.05106-aminopurines;
carbonate ester;
ether;
organic phosphonate		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent;
prodrug
emtricitabine
Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		5.0821monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
tasosartan
tasosartan: angiotensin II antagonist; structure given in first source		4.2850biphenyls
saquinavir monomethanesulfonate
[no description available]		2.4620organic molecular entity
tiludronic acid
tiludronic acid: a bone resorption inhibitor; an antihypercalcemic agent; used in the tratment of Paget's disease; used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis; structure given in first source		3.2310organochlorine compound
tirofiban
Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.		3.2310L-tyrosine derivative;
piperidines;
sulfonamide		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
capecitabine
Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.		10.83175carbamate ester;
cytidines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		16.82394adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
allyl formate
[no description available]		2.4620
pyranine
pyranine: structure		2.0510organic sodium saltfluorochrome
sodium molybdate(vi)
sodium molybdate(VI): RN given refers to molybdic acid, di-Na salt. sodium molybdate (anhydrous) : An inorganic sodium salt having molybdate as the counterion.		2.0110inorganic sodium saltpoison
vanadates
Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.		2.520trivalent inorganic anion;
vanadium oxoanion		EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
dimethylhydrazines
Dimethylhydrazines: Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position.		3.2660
acridine orange
Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.		2.5820aminoacridines;
aromatic amine;
tertiary amino compound		fluorochrome;
histological dye
benzylaminopurine
benzylaminopurine: a plant growth regulator. N-benzyladenine : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a benzyl group.		2.07106-aminopurinescytokinin;
plant metabolite
isothiocyanic acid
[no description available]		3.9530hydracid;
one-carbon compound
colestipol
Colestipol: Highly crosslinked and insoluble basic anion exchange resin used as anticholesteremic. It may also may reduce triglyceride levels.. colestipol : A high molecular weight copolymer of diethylenetriamine and epichlorohydrin (hydrochloride), with approximately 1 out of 5 amine nitrogens protonated. Due to the highly cross-linked and insoluble nature of the material, no structural formula has been assigned and no specific molecular weight information is available. A basic anion exchange resin, it is used as its hydrochloride for binding bile acids in the intestine, inhibiting their reabsorption.		2.6530
paroxetine hydrochloride
paroxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of paroxetine. It is an antidepressant drug.		2.0710hydrochlorideantidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
desferrioxamine b mesylate
desferrioxamine B mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained by reaction of desferrioxamine B with one molar equivalent of methanesulfonic acid. It is an iron-chelating medicine used to remove excess iron from the body. It binds to iron in the blood, which is then passed out in the urine.		2.4620methanesulfonate saltantidote;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator
bupropion hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620aromatic ketone
halofuginone
[no description available]		2.0510quinazolines
diltiazem hydrochloride
Carex: fluoride (1.8%) containing varnish; no further information available 8/91. diltiazem hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of diltiazem and hydrogen chloride. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.0510hydrochlorideantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
venlafaxine hydrochloride
Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.		3.9821hydrochloride
trazodone hydrochloride
Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.		13.76949hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
ortho-cept
ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination: Ethinyl Estradiol and Desogestrell given in fixed proportions; has proved to be an effective & well-tolerated oral contraceptive, which improves cycle control & has a beneficial effect on acne		2.0510
trovafloxacin
trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.		4.2850
verapamil hydrochloride
verapamil hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil hydrochloride and (S)-verapamil hydrochloride.		2.7530
cefprozil
[no description available]		3.5920cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
ciprofloxacin hydrochloride anhydrous
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochlorideantibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
efavirenz
efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		3.8630acetylenic compound;
benzoxazine;
cyclopropanes;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir
Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.		3.8830aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
HIV protease inhibitor
amantadine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochlorideantiviral agent;
dopamine agonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
adamantanine
adamantanine: inhibitor of amino acid transport; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1710
doxapram hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510hydrochloridecentral nervous system stimulant
methionine methyl ester
[no description available]		2.830
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		4.3941D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
lanthanum chloride
lanthanum chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9810
chloroquine diphosphate
[no description available]		2.1710
fenofibric acid
fenofibric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
chlorobenzophenone;
monocarboxylic acid		drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
lidaprim
lidaprim: combination of trimethoprim & sulfametrol		6.9510
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.06102-benzofuransfluorochrome
ursolic acid
[no description available]		3.4160hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		geroprotector;
plant metabolite
n-methylnicotinamide
N-methylnicotinamide: structure. N-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the amide hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.		2.0410pyridinecarboxamidemetabolite
meglumine antimoniate
Meglumine Antimoniate: ANTIMONY salt of meglumine that is used in the treatment of LEISHMANIASIS.		1.9810
3-aminoisobutyric acid
3-aminoisobutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-aminoisobutyric acid : A beta-amino-acid that is isobutyric acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by an amino group.		210amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid		metabolite
1,5-anhydroglucitol
1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol.		2.0510anhydro sugarhuman metabolite
norharman
norharman: RN given refers to parent cpd. beta-carboline : The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring.		2.5320beta-carbolines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent		fungal metabolite;
marine metabolite
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.		3.5780organic bromide saltcolorimetric reagent;
dye
thymidine 5'-triphosphate
thymidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. dTTP : A thymidine phosphate having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.		5.12170pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
thymidine phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
betulinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite
baicalin
[no description available]		3.1240dihydroxyflavone;
glucosiduronic acid;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative		antiatherosclerotic agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
plerixafor
plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.		3.2310azacycloalkane;
azamacrocycle;
benzenes;
crown amine;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist;
immunological adjuvant
amprenavir
[no description available]		3.8830carbamate ester;
sulfonamide;
tetrahydrofuryl ester		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir
Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.		3.8930acetamides;
amino acid ester;
cyclohexenecarboxylate ester;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
allicin
[no description available]		3.0120botanical anti-fungal agent;
sulfoxide		antibacterial agent
5-methylcytosine
5-Methylcytosine: A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In ANIMALS, the DNA METHYLATION of CYTOSINE to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In PLANTS, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base.. 5-methylcytosine : A pyrimidine that is a derivative of cytosine, having a methyl group at the 5-position.		11.24100methylcytosine;
pyrimidines		human metabolite
2'-deoxyuridylic acid
2'-deoxyuridylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		4.88350deoxyuridine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
epigallocatechin gallate
epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.		5.73181flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
n-acetylaspartic acid
N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid : An N-acyl-L-aspartic acid in which the acyl group is specified as acetyl.		2.4720N-acetyl-L-amino acid;
N-acyl-L-aspartic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
rat metabolite
alpha-terthienyl
[no description available]		2.0610terthiophene
deoxyuridine triphosphate
[no description available]		3.0950deoxyuridine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fluorexon
fluorexon: structure		3.6790xanthene dyefluorochrome
cholesteryl succinate
cholesteryl succinate: RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer. cholesteryl hemisuccinate : A dicarboxylic acid monoester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of cholesterol with one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. A detergent that is often used to replace cholesterol in protein crystallography, biochemical studies of proteins, and pharmacology.		3.1750cholestane ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
hemisuccinate		detergent
psicofuranine
[no description available]		1.9710psicose derivative;
purine nucleoside
2,4-diaminoquinazoline
[no description available]		3.0510
2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate
2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		1.97102'-deoxycytidine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenylalanylphenylalanine
phenylalanylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (L,L)-isomer		2.5520
chlorin
chlorin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chlorin : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that is obtained by formal hydrogenation across the 2,3-double bond of porphyrin.		2.4720
aica ribonucleotide
AICA ribonucleotide: purine precursor that has antineoplastic activity. AICA ribonucleotide : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide that is acadesine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position has been converted to its monophosphate derivative.		6.21211-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide;
aminoimidazole		cardiovascular drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hexamidine
hexamidine : A polyether that is the bis(4-guanidinophenyl) ether of hexane-1,6-diol.		1.9610aromatic ether;
guanidines;
polyether		antimicrobial agent;
antiseptic drug
aconitic anhydride
aconitic anhydride: RN refers to (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.1310
5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-galactoside
5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-galactoside: enzyme substrate for beta-galactosidase. 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactoside : An indolyl carbohydrate that is the beta-D-galactoside of 3-hydroxy-1H-indole in which the indole moiety is substituted at positions 4 and 5 by chlorine and bromine, respectively. It is used to test for the presence of an enzyme, beta-galactosidase, which cleaved the glycosidic bond to give 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-hydroxy-1H-indole, which immediately dimerises to give an intensely blue product.		2.1110beta-D-galactoside;
D-aldohexose derivative;
indolyl carbohydrate;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound		chromogenic compound
nile red
nile red : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 5H-benzo[a]phenoxazin-5-one substituted at position 9 by a diethylamino group.		2.110aromatic amine;
cyclic ketone;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		fluorochrome;
histological dye
metaperiodate
Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.		2.3420iodine oxoacid
lissamine rhodamine b
lissamine rhodamine B: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lissamine Rhodamine B refers to Na salt		2.4220
o-(6)-methylguanine
O-(6)-methylguanine: structure. 6-O-methylguanine : A methylguanine in which the methyl group is positioned on the oxygen at position 6. Formed in DNA by alkylation of the oxygen atom of guanine, most often by N-nitroso compounds and sometimes due to methylation by other compounds such as endogenous S-adenosylmethionine, it base-pairs to thymine rather than cytidine, causing a G:C to A:T transition in DNA.. methylguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is guanine bearing a single methyl substituent.		1.9610methylguaninemutagen
dobutamine hydrochloride
dobutamine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dobutamine. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		2.4620hydrochloridebeta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid: spelled pyrolidine in J Nutr 1979 reference; RN given refers to parent cpd. pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is the N-dithiocarboxy derivative of pyrrolidine.		2.7930dithiocarbamic acids;
pyrrolidines		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
radical scavenger
peroxynitric acid
[no description available]		210nitrogen oxoacid
glutathione disulfide
Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.		4.981glutathione derivative;
organic disulfide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fenclofenac
fenclofenac: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710aromatic ether
fanasil, pyrimethamine drug combination
fanasil, pyrimethamine drug combination: combination drug containing fanasil & pyrimethamine		10.6165
sinefungin
[no description available]		2.0510adenosines;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
iopamidol
Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.		2.4620benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound;
pentol		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
proxicromil
proxicromil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0710
sulconazole, mononitrate, (+-)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4620conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
organic nitrate salt
histamine phosphate
histamine phosphate : A phosphate salt that is the diphosphate salt of histamine.		3.2310phosphate salthistamine agonist
cephalosporin c
cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.		2.3620cephalosporinfungal metabolite
tilbroquinol
[no description available]		3.5920organohalogen compound;
quinolines
bendamustine
[no description available]		3.5920benzimidazoles
erdosteine
[no description available]		2.0510N-acyl-amino acid
droxicam
droxicam: structure given in first source. droxicam : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2H,5H-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c][1,2]benzothiazine-2,4(3H)-dione 6,6-dioxide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by pyridin-2-yl and methyl groups respectively. A prodrug of piroxicam, it is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.		3.5920organic heterotricyclic compound;
pyridines		cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prodrug
ceftezole
ceftezole: RN given refers to (6R-(trans))-isomer; structure. ceftezole : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl and [2-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)acetamido side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		2.0410cephalosporin;
thiadiazoles
ebrotidine
ebrotidine: an H2-receptor antagonist and gastric mucosa protector		3.5920sulfonamide
torbafylline
torbafylline: structure given in first source		2.0710
mizolastine
[no description available]		2.0510benzimidazoles
intoplicine
intoplicine: structure in first source		2.0510pyridoindole
repaglinide
[no description available]		3.5820piperidines
telmisartan
Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.		4.4460benzimidazoles;
biphenyls;
carboxybiphenyl		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sebacoyl chloride
sebacoyl chloride: structure given in first source		2.0710
hexestrol bis(diethylaminoethyl ether)
hexestrol bis(diethylaminoethyl ether): minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search HEXESTROL/AA (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410stilbenoid
boron nitride
[no description available]		8.4660nitride
dexfenfluramine
Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.		2.0510fenfluramineappetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
cetiedil
cetiedil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.0610azepanes
2-methoxyestradiol
2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.		2.994017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sc-11800 ee
SC-11800 EE: contains ethynodiol diacetate & ethinyl estradiol		2.3620
thiochrome
thiochrome: structure		1.9310
benzeneboronic acid
[no description available]		2.8130boronic acids
2,4-diaminopyrimidine
2,6-diaminopyrimidine: structure in first source. pyrimidine-2,4-diamine : An aminopyrimidine in which a pyrimidine nucleus is substituted with amino groups at C-2 and C-4.		2.6330aminopyrimidine
1,7-phenanthroline
[no description available]		3.3370phenanthroline
benzo-1,2,3-thiadiazole
[no description available]		2.610
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		3.2501,2,3-triazole
2,4-diaminopyridine
4-amino-2-iminopyridine: structure in first source		210diaminopyridine
azauracil
azauracil: minor descriptor (64-72); major descriptor (73-86); on line search URACIL (66-74); URACIL/AA (75-86); INDEX MEDICUS search URACIL (64-72); AZAURACIL (73-86). 6-azauracil : A 1,2,4-triazine compound having oxo-substituents at the 3- and 5-positions.		1.94101,2,4-triazines;
nucleobase analogue		antimetabolite
isocoumarins
Isocoumarins: Compounds that differ from COUMARINS in having the positions of the ring and ketone oxygens reversed so the keto oxygen is at the 1-position of the molecule.. isocoumarin : The simplest member of the class of isocoumarins that is 1H-isochromene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1.		1.9910isocoumarins
trimethobenzamide monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
4-aminoquinoline
[no description available]		3.0610
amiloride hydrochloride
amiloride hydrochloride dihydrate : A hydrate that is the dihydrate of amiloride hydrochloride.		2.4620hydratediuretic;
sodium channel blocker
disobutamide
[no description available]		2.0410acetamides
econazole nitrate
econazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole nitrate. Used to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.		2.4620
medetomidine
Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.		2.0510imidazoles
fluorodeoxyglucose f18
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)		6.351112-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose;
2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
sertraline
Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.		4.5570dichlorobenzene;
secondary amino compound;
tetralins		antidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
lomefloxacin hydrochloride
lomefloxacin hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of lomefloxacin. It is administered by mouth to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used topically as eye drops for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, and as ear drops for the treatment of otitis externa and otitis media.		2.4620hydrochlorideantimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
photosensitizing agent
picosulfate sodium
picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure		2.0510aryl sulfate;
pyridines
floxacrine
[no description available]		1.9510
zoledronic acid
Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.		5.95711,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
imidazoles		bone density conservation agent
glutaurine
glutaurine: recently deteccted hormone of parathyroid gland; structure; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. glutaurine : A dipeptide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of taurine with the gamma-carboxy group of L-glutamic acid. It was initially found in the parathyroid in 1980 and later in the brain of mammals.		1.9610dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide;
L-glutamine derivative;
sulfonic acid		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
hormone;
human metabolite;
mammalian metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dienogest
[no description available]		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
aliphatic nitrile;
steroid hormone		progesterone receptor agonist;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
flunoxaprofen
flunoxaprofen: structure given in first source. flunoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group (the S-enantiomer). Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, the clinical use of flunoxaprofen was discontinued due to possible hepatotoxic side-effects.		2.46201,3-benzoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound		antirheumatic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
protein kinase C agonist
tianeptine
tianeptine: structure given in first source. tianeptine : A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tianeptine. It is an atypical antidepressant used in Europe to treat patients who respond poorly to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).. 7-[(3-chloro-6-methyl-5,5-dioxido-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepin-11-yl)amino]heptanoic acid : A member of the class of dibenzothiazepines that is 3-chloro-6-methyl-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine 5,5-dioxide substituted by a (6-carboxyhexyl)amino group at position 11.. (S)-tianeptine : The S-enantiomer of tianeptine.		2.4620dibenzothiazepine;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
drospirenone
drospirenone: a progestational compound with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity; structure given in first source		5.81223-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
steroid lactone		aldosterone antagonist;
contraceptive drug;
progestin
artemether
Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		7.930artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
organic peroxide;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial
5-fluoropyrimidine
[no description available]		3.5220
morphazinamide
morphazinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for mono-HCL: 1473-73-0; structure in Merck Index		2.0510morpholines;
pyrazines;
secondary carboxamide
5-hydroxymethylcytosine
5-(hydroxymethyl)cytosine : A nucleobase analogue that is cytosine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a hydroxymethyl group.		3.6220aminopyrimidine;
aromatic primary alcohol;
nucleobase analogue;
pyrimidone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dipropylacetamide
dipropylacetamide: structure. valpromide : A fatty amide derived from valproic acid.		2.0410fatty amidegeroprotector;
metabolite;
teratogenic agent
acamprosate
Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3.		3.2310acetamides;
organosulfonic acid		environmental contaminant;
neurotransmitter agent;
xenobiotic
isaxonine
isaxonine: promotes nerve growth		3.5920aminopyrimidine
enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.		2.0710cyclopropanes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent
cromakalim
Cromakalim: A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352)		2.0710
nebivolol
2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] : A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.		3.2310chromanes;
diol;
organofluorine compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
uk 68798
[no description available]		3.620aromatic ether;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
potassium channel blocker
hp 873
iloperidone: an atypical, negative symptom antipsychotic agent. iloperidone : A member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia.		3.23101,2-benzoxazoles;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone;
monoamine;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
dexrazoxane
Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.		3.5920razoxaneantineoplastic agent;
cardiovascular drug;
chelator;
immunosuppressive agent
tocophersolan
tocophersolan: RN given refers to parent cpd		4.45200tocol
loperamide hydrochloride
loperamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining loperamide with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.		2.4620hydrochlorideanticoronaviral agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
mu-opioid receptor agonist
fenoxypropazine
[no description available]		3.5920aromatic ether
trichlorosucrose
trichlorosucrose: sweetness intensity roughly 600 times that of sucrose and is nonnutritive and noncaloric; largely unabsorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. sucralose : A disaccharide derivative consisting of 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranose and 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranose units linked by a glycosidic bond.		3.3510disaccharide derivative;
organochlorine compound		environmental contaminant;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
voriconazole
Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.		3.5920conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidines;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		P450 inhibitor
mepindolol
mepindolol: 2-methyl deriv of pindolol; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0710indoles
fpl 52791
FPL 52791: also has anti-allergic properties; related to sodium cromoglycate; structure		2.0710
aceclofenac
[no description available]		3.2310amino acid;
carboxylic ester;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clociguanil
clociguanil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410
nitrefazole
[no description available]		3.5920imidazoles
epanolol
epanolol: structure given in first source		2.0710acetamides
cyclobutyrol
cyclobutyrol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclobutyrol : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the hydroxy group is geminal to a 1-carboxypropyl group on a cyclohexane ring.		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acidbile therapy drug
terlipressin
terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function.		2.0510polypeptide
7-hydroxystaurosporine
[no description available]		2.2110
hesperetin
[no description available]		7.41103'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
monomethoxyflavanone;
trihydroxyflavanone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
methotrimeprazine
Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.		2.0710phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
honokiol
[no description available]		2.2110biphenyls
isoflavone
[no description available]		2.0510isoflavones
betulin
betulin: isolated from various white birch bark (BETULA). betulin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-hydroxymethyl substituents.		2.2110diol;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		analgesic;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
metabolite
clevudine
[no description available]		2.0510
lycorine
lycorine: from bulbs of LYCORIS & other plants; RN given refers to (1 alpha,2 beta)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5444. lycorine : An indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity.		2.3110indolizidine alkaloidanticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
lividomycin
[no description available]		2.0410lividomycinsmetabolite
gentamicin c1
[no description available]		2.0410
methylbenzoprim
methylbenzoprim: structure given in first source		1.9810
deoxyaminopteroic acid
deoxyaminopteroic acid: carboxypeptidase cleavage product of methotrexate (minus glutamic acid); RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9610
grepafloxacin
grepafloxacin: structure in first source		2.7230fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolines;
quinolone antibiotic
2-(4'-methylpiperazino-1-methyl)-1,3-diazafluoranthene 1-oxide
2-(4'-methylpiperazino-1-methyl)-1,3-diazafluoranthene 1-oxide: structure		2.0410
tetrandrine
tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity		2.0510bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines
3-deazaneplanocin
3-deazaneplanocin: S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase antagonist		2.1710
doripenem
Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.		3.2310carbapenems
mandelamide
mandelamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is phenylacetamide in which one of the benzylic hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		1.9610benzyl alcohols;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
secondary alcohol
arjunolic acid
arjunolic acid: oleanane type; isol from Cochlospermum tinctorium (Bixaceae); structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2alpha,3beta,4alpha)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/89. arjunolic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 23 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). Isolated from Symplocos lancifolia and Juglans sinensis, it exhibits antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.		2.1710hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite
carbohydrazide
carbohydrazide: structure. carbohydrazide : A hydrazide consisting of hydrazine carrying one or more carboacyl groups.. carbonyl dihydrazine : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation between hydrazinecarboxylic acid and hydrazine.		2.0610carbohydrazide;
one-carbon compound
glutamic acid diethyl ester
glutamic acid diethyl ester: glutamic acid antagonist; RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.6530
ceric oxide
ceric oxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF CeO2. ceric oxide : A metal oxide with formula CeO2. It is used for polishing glass, in coatings for infra-red filters to prevent reflection, and as an oxidant and catalyst in organic synthesis.		3.0840cerium molecular entity;
metal oxide
2-naphthylisothiocyanate
[no description available]		2.4620
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid : A perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid that is octane-1-sulfonic acid in which all seventeen of the hydrogens that are attached to carbons hvae been replaced by fluorines.		2.4110perfluoroalkanesulfonic acidantilipemic drug;
persistent organic pollutant
atovaquone
Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.		5.6151hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
2-aminoethylmethacrylate
aminoethyl methacrylate: cell-adhesive dextran hydrogel		2.0710enoate ester
4,4'-dipyridyl disulfide
4,4'-dipyridyl disulfide : An organic disulfide obtained by formal oxidative dimerisation of 4-thiopyridine.		1.9610organic disulfide;
pyridines
4-methoxymethylpyridoxine
4-methoxymethylpyridoxine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710pyridines
6-carboxyfluorescein
6-carboxyfluorescein: originally sold as 6-carboxyfluorescein, but commercial product is a mixture of two isomers; correct name is 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein		1.9910monocarboxylic acid
2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
[no description available]		2.4820
n-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulfonate
N-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulfonate: reagent for rapid modification of carboxyl groups in proteins; structure		210
rivastigmine
[no description available]		4.9621carbamate ester;
tertiary amino compound		cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
frovatriptan
[no description available]		3.2310carbazoles
eletriptan
eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.		3.2310indoles;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfone		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
rosiglitazone
[no description available]		6.1591aminopyridine;
thiazolidinediones		EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
insulin-sensitizing drug
3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid
3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid: catechol methyltransferase inhibitor; N1 same as NM		4.131trihydroxybenzoic acid
methacrylylcholine
methacrylylcholine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.110
propylsulfonic acid
propylsulfonic acid: RN given refers to cpd without locant for propyl moiety		2.0410
1,4-dioxin
1,4-dioxine : An oxacycle that is 4H-pyran in which the methylene group at position 4 is replaced by an oxygen. Non-aromatic.		2.1310oxacycle
n-hydroxysuccinimide
N-hydroxysuccinimide: structure		3.2760
1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine
1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine: structure in first source		2.110
bexarotene
[no description available]		3.6320benzoic acids;
naphthalenes;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent
3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol
3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol: serotonin metabolite; structure		3.5311catechols;
primary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite
biocytin
biocytin : A monocarboxylic acid amide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of biotin with the N(6)-amino group of L-lysine.		2.3320azabicycloalkane;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-lysine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thiabicycloalkane;
ureas		mouse metabolite
chloroquine diphosphate
[no description available]		2.4620
orphenadrine citrate
orphenadrine citrate : A citrate salt which comprises equimolar amounts of orphenadrine and citric acid.		2.4620citrate saltH1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
parasympatholytic
ketorolac tromethamine
Ketorolac Tromethamine: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.. ketorolac tromethamine : An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.		2.4620organoammonium saltanalgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
clarithromycin
Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.		5.9171macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
protein synthesis inhibitor;
xenobiotic
3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol
3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol: structure in first source		3.2710
bromates
Bromates: Negative ions or salts derived from bromic acid, HBrO3.		2.1110bromine oxoanion;
monovalent inorganic anion
coenzyme a
[no description available]		11.08240adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphatecoenzyme;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
mebeverine
gamma-oryzanol: present in rice bran is associated with various physiological functions; RN given refers to gamma-oryzanol		3.1610
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		9.651003-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
nsc-172755
butocin: S-substituted analog of mercaptopurine which functions as a cytostatic agent; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line search 6-MERCAPTOPURINE/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search MERCAPTOPURINE/analogs (75-84)		4.1750
n-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide
N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide: nephrotoxic; post-treatment enhanced induction of renal cell tumors in rats by dimethylnitrosamine, pre-treatment inhibited induction of tumors, & alone caused interstitial nephritis but no tumors		7.730pyrrolidines
fibrinogen
Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.		10.01295iditolfungal metabolite
moexipril
[no description available]		3.5820peptide
phentolamine mesylate
[no description available]		2.4620
sennoside B
sennoside B : A member of the class of sennosides that is (9R,9'S)-9,9',10,10'-tetrahydro-9,9'-bianthracene-2,2'-dicarboxylic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 4', by beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy groups at positions 5 and 5', and by oxo groups at positions 10 and 10'.		2.0410oxo dicarboxylic acid;
sennosides
7-ketocholesterol
7-ketocholesterol: inhibits uptake of cholesterol in rabbit aorta. 7-ketocholesterol : A cholestanoid that consists of cholesterol bearing an oxo substituent at position 7.		2.02103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
7-oxo steroid;
cholestanoid		neuroprotective agent
cadmium telluride
cadmium telluride: used in radiation monitoring device		4.06130
oxybutynin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochloride
glycidamide
glycidamide: metabolite of acrylamide; structure given in first source		2.1110
homocysteine
Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.		29.723,851611amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine;
serine family amino acid		fundamental metabolite;
mouse metabolite
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd		210nucleoside triphosphate analogue
1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene
[no description available]		2.0510secondary alcohol
deacetyldiltiazem
deacetyldiltiazem: metabolite of diltiazem; RN given refers to (cis-(+-))-isomer		210benzothiazepine
cordium
bepridil hydrochloride monohydrate : The hydrochloride monohydrate of bepridril.		2.4620hydrate;
hydrochloride
3-fluorotyrosine
3-fluorotyrosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9610fluoroamino acid;
fluorophenol;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tyrosine derivative
1-methylhistidine
1-methylhistidine: found in muscle proteins; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. 1-methylhistidine : A methylhistidine in which the methyl group is located at N-1.. N(tele)-methyl-L-histidine : A L-histidine derivative in which the methyl group is at N(tele)-position.		2.1310L-histidine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
zwitterion		human metabolite
7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
7-amino-4-methylcoumarin: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.31107-aminocoumarinsfluorochrome
2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid
2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid: inhibits iron-containing nitrile hydratases		2.0210
aluminum maltolate
aluminum maltolate: aluminum cpd, not an aluminum salt		2.5220
mci 9038
[no description available]		3.5520peptide
lopinavir
[no description available]		2.0510amphetamines;
dicarboxylic acid diamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
gamma-tocopherol
gamma-Tocopherol: A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in BETA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.. gamma-tocopherol : A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils.		6.3753tocopherol;
vitamin E		algal metabolite;
food antioxidant;
plant metabolite
glycyltyrosine
Gly-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage.		210dipeptidemetabolite
norcantharidin
norcantharidin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpds without isomeric designation		7.8530furofuran
glycidyl nitrate
glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.		2.4120
4-desacetylvinblastine-3-carboxhydrazide
[no description available]		5.0531
dithiobis(succinimidylpropionate)
dithiobis(succinimidylpropionate): used to study interactions of structural proteins; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		1.9710
levcromakalim
[no description available]		2.07101-benzopyran
chloromethylstyrene
chloromethylstyrene: structure in first source		2.0610
pyrimidine dimers
Pyrimidine Dimers: Dimers found in DNA chains damaged by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They consist of two adjacent PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES, usually THYMINE nucleotides, in which the pyrimidine residues are covalently joined by a cyclobutane ring. These dimers block DNA REPLICATION.		4.0140
dimethacrine
dimethacrine: minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search ACRIDINES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410acridines
mercury cadmium telluride
[no description available]		2.0610
glucuronic acid
Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.		4.24170D-glucuronic acidalgal metabolite
palmitone
palmitone: from leaves of Annona diversifolia; structure in first source. hentriacontan-16-one : A dialkyl ketone that is hentriacontane in which the hydrogens at position 16 are replaced by an oxo group.		2.2110dialkyl ketoneanticonvulsant;
metabolite
2-methyl-4-methoxymethyl-5-cyano-6-oxypyridine
2-methyl-4-methoxymethyl-5-cyano-6-oxypyridine: structure in first source		3.0610
4-mercaptobenzoate
4-mercaptobenzoate: substrate for 4-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase		2.5220
10-hydroxycamptothecin
[no description available]		3.250pyranoindolizinoquinoline
5-deazaaminopterin
5-deazaaminopterin: structure given in first source		2.3720
s-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione
S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione : A glutathione conjugate in which the thiol hydrogen of glutathione has been replaced by a 2,4-dinitrophenyl group.		210glutathione conjugate
poly-o-acetylserine
O-acetylserine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. O-acetyl-L-serine : An acetyl-L-serine where the acetyl group is attached to the side-chain oxygen. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the amino acid cysteine in bacteria.		2.0410acetate ester;
acetyl-L-serine;
amino acid zwitterion		bacterial metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phorbolol myristate acetate
[no description available]		2.1710
pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside
pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; structure		2.0810pyrimidine ribonucleosides
foxes
Foxes: Any of several carnivores in the family CANIDAE, that possess erect ears and long bushy tails and are smaller than WOLVES. They are classified in several genera and found on all continents except Antarctica.		6.9210
cb 3703
CB 3703: inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase & thymidylate synthetase; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.6530
coumarin 6
coumarin 6: structure in first source		3.03407-aminocoumarinsfluorochrome
10-deazaaminopterin
[no description available]		4.4551
succinimidyl 4-(4-maleimidophenyl)butyrate
succinimidyl 4-(4-maleimidophenyl)butyrate: structure given in first source		1.9910
histidylglycine
histidylglycine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. His-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-histidine and glycine residues.		2.0810dipeptidemetabolite
histidinoalanine
histidinoalanine: cross-linking amino acid in calcified tissue collagen; RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.0810dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
elsinochrome a
elsinochrome A: RN given refers to (trans)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0710
hexylcaine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0710
1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine
1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine : A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl group at C-1 and C-2 is stearoyl.		4.1140phosphatidylethanolamine zwitterion;
phosphatidylethanolamine		human metabolite
4-fluoroglutamic acid
4-fluoroglutamic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9610
dansylaziridine
[no description available]		1.9610
cobalt
Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.		7.89361cobalt group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
fulvestrant
Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.		3.231017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist
hydrogen sulfite
[no description available]		2.2110sulfur oxoanionhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chlorates
Chlorates: Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the ClO3- ion.		1.9410chlorine oxoanion;
monovalent inorganic anion
carbidopa, levodopa drug combination
[no description available]		2.2110
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system		3.84100oligopeptide
vitamin b 6
Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.		29.08782154
imipenem, anhydrous
Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.		2.0710beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carbapenems;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug
cremophor el
cremophor EL: solvent for Althesin & Propanidid implicated as possible cause of similar adverse effects polyethoxylated castor oil; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; see also records for cremophor & cremophor A		2.7730
sr141716
[no description available]		2.4720amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazoles		anti-obesity agent;
appetite depressant;
CB1 receptor antagonist
bosentan anhydrous
Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.		5.390primary alcohol;
pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
2-propyl-4-pentenoic acid
2-propyl-4-pentenoic acid: putative toxic metabolite of valproic acid		1.9810methyl-branched fatty acid
fluo-3
Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds		2.0210xanthene dyefluorochrome
fpl 55712
FPL 55712: inhibitor of SRS-A and LTC4 and LTD4 receptors		2.0710aromatic ketone
selenomethionine
[no description available]		2.0510amino acid zwitterion;
selenomethionine		plant metabolite
artesunic acid
[no description available]		2.5120
dihydrorhodamine 123
dihydrorhodamine 123: uncharged & nonfluorescent derivative of the laser dye rhodamine 123; flow cytometric indicator for respiratory burst activity in neutrophil granulocytes		210
cyanates
Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).		2.6430
s-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)cysteine
S-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)cysteine: toxic to human proximal tubular cells		2.0210
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate: a surfactant; structure given in first source		1.97101,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate
sivelestat
sivelestat: inhibitor of neutrophil elastase; structure given in first source		2.0710N-acylglycine;
pivalate ester
propionylcarnitine
propionylcarnitine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.110O-acylcarnitineanalgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cardiotonic drug;
human metabolite;
peripheral nervous system drug
perindopril
Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline		3.8630alpha-amino acid ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
procyanidin
Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.		3.9930proanthocyanidin
dityrosine
dityrosine: o,o'-biphenol analog of tyrosine; isolated from insoluble protein of human cataractous lenses; structure. dityrosine : A biphenyl compound comprising two tyrosine residues linked at carbon-3 of their benzene rings.		2.0510biphenyls;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tyrosine derivative		biomarker
fingolimod
fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate.		2.0510aminodiol;
primary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
CB1 receptor antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
triptolide
[no description available]		3.1640diterpenoid;
epoxide;
gamma-lactam;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound		antispermatogenic agent;
plant metabolite
proanthocyanidin
proanthocyanidin: RN given refers to proanthocyanidin A; Cannabinoid Receptor CB1 antagonist. proanthocyanidin : A flavonoid oligomer obtained by the the condensation of two or more units of hydroxyflavans.		2.0510
parthenolide
[no description available]		2.0710germacranolide
tryptoquivaline
tryptoquivaline: tremor-producing metabolite from Aspergillus clavatus; tetrapeptide derived from tryptophan, anthranilic acid, valine, & methylalanine; structure & N1 names previously assigned to tryptoquivaline C & tryptoquivaline D found to be incorrect & are revised in third source; see also record for tryptoquivalone; structure in third source		2.4420
ecteinascidin 743
[no description available]		2.0510acetate ester;
azaspiro compound;
bridged compound;
hemiaminal;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
lactone;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
organic sulfide;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
marine metabolite
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.		2.41202-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
hematologic agent;
vasodilator agent
deoxyglucose
Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.		8.0950
tadalafil
[no description available]		10.8331benzodioxoles;
pyrazinopyridoindole		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
5-hydroxydopamine
5-hydroxydopamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410catecholamine
thromboxanes
thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.		3.7921
dodecyl-beta-d-maltoside
dodecyl beta-D-maltoside : A glycoside resulting from attachment of a dodecyl group to the reducing-end anomeric centre of a beta-maltose molecule.		2.1710disaccharide derivative;
glycoside		detergent
tanshinone
tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent		3.0640abietane diterpenoidanticoronaviral agent
tert-butylbicyclo-2-benzoate
tert-butylbicyclo-2-benzoate: structure given in first source; RN given refers to tritium-labeled cpd		1.9710
phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginine-chloromethyl ketone
phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginine-chloromethyl ketone: do not confuse with Pro-Phe-Arg-CH2-Cl or with Phe-Phe-Arg-CH2-Cl, both sometimes also referred to as PPACK		2.0410
paliperidone
3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.. paliperidone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone. Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone and is used for treatment of schizophrenia.		3.23101,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine;
secondary alcohol
glycolithocholic acid
glycolithocholic acid: RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta)-isomer. glycolithocholic acid : The glycine conjugate of lithocholic acid.		2.4220bile acid glycine conjugate;
N-acylglycine
nitisinone
[no description available]		3.5920(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
cyclohexanones;
mesotrione		EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
marimastat
marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
secondary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
clofarabine
[no description available]		3.930adenosines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
elacridar
Elacridar: inhibitor of MDR1 PROTEIN; structure given in first source		2.0510
caprylates
Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.		2.9630fatty acid anion 8:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
gamma-glutamylaminomethylsulfonic acid
[no description available]		1.9610
pramipexole
Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.		4.1120benzothiazoles;
diamine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
radical scavenger
valdecoxib
[no description available]		3.2310isoxazoles;
sulfonamide		antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
wr 99210
BRL 6231: RN given refers to parent cpd; NM & N1 refer to HCl; synonym BRL 51084 refers to (mono-HBr); structure		2.4420
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid: structure given in first source. DOTA : An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 of a twelve-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.		3.81100azamacrocyclechelator;
copper chelator
mitiglinide
mitiglinide: a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source		2.0510benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
fpl-52694
FPL-52694: mast cell stabilizer; RN given refers to parent cpd; FPL-52694 is mono-Na salt; structure given in first source		2.0710
diazaquinomycin a
diazaquinomycin A: structure given in first source		1.9610quinolone
phytosphingosine
phytosphingosine: differ with an additional hydroxyl at C-4 & no double bond between C-4 & C-5		1.9910amino alcohol;
sphingoid;
triol		mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-n,n',n'',n'''-tetraacetate
gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetate: RN refers to Na salt		2.0610
flavin semiquinone
flavin semiquinone: chromophore found in methanol oxidase		2.0210
piperaquine
piperaquine : An aminoquinoline that is 1,3-di(piperazin-1-yl)propane in which the nitrogen at position 4 of each of the piperazine moieties is replaced by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group.		2.1710aminoquinoline;
N-arylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound		antimalarial
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminoethyl)carbodiimide
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminoethyl)carbodiimide: carboxyl modifying agent		2.0610
celastrol
[no description available]		2.7620monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
metabolite
carbene
carbene: electrically neutral species H2C: and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons; carbene is the name of the parent hydride :CH2 ; hence, the name dichlorocarbene for :CCl2. However, names for acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more divalent carbon atoms are derived from the name of the corresponding all-4-hydrocarbon using the suffix -ylidene; methylene carbene also available. carbene : The electrically neutral species H2C(2.) and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons, which may be spin-paired (singlet state) or spin-non-paired (triplet state).		2.0110carbene;
methanediyl
peroxynitrous acid
Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).		2.9640nitrogen oxoacid
fullerene c60
Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms.		3.5370fullerenegeroprotector
imatinib mesylate
imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.		3.0340methanesulfonate saltanticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
almotriptan
almotriptan : An indole compound having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at the 3-position and a (pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl group at the 5-position.		3.2310indoles;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amine		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
mk 0663
[no description available]		2.1110bipyridines;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tazobactam
Tazobactam: A penicillanic acid and sulfone derivative and potent BETA-LACTAMASE inhibitor that enhances the activity of other anti-bacterial agents against beta-lactamase producing bacteria.. tazobactam : A member of the class of penicillanic acids that is sulbactam in which one of the exocyclic methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl group; used (in the form of its sodium salt) in combination with ceftolozane sulfate for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated urinary tract infections.		2.0410penicillanic acids;
triazoles		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
gefitinib
[no description available]		10110aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine
N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.		2.0510adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organoiodine compound		adenosine A3 receptor agonist
n(8)-acetylspermidine
N(8)-acetylspermidine : An acetylspermidine that is 1,8-diamino-4-azaoctane in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group attached to C-8 is replaced by an acetyl group.		2.110acetylspermidineEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
4-carboxyfluorescein
[no description available]		2.5820monocarboxylic acidfluorochrome
n(6)-carboxymethyllysine
N(6)-carboxymethyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. N(6)-carboxymethyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative with a carboxymethyl substituent at the N(6)-position.		2.1310L-lysine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antigen
n,n-dimethylarginine
N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.		112410dimethylarginine;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
ramatroban
[no description available]		2.0710organic molecular entity
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.		8.421360dichlorobenzene;
differentiation-inducing factor;
monomethoxybenzene;
resorcinols		eukaryotic metabolite;
signalling molecule
3-acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide
[no description available]		1.9710organic molecular entity
27-hydroxycholesterol
(25R)-cholest-5-ene-3beta,26-diol : A 26-hydroxycholesterol in which the 25-position has R-configuration.		2.411026-hydroxycholesterolapoptosis inducer;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
fraxinellone
fraxinellone: structure given in first source; RN given for (3R-cis)-isomer		2.31102-benzofurans
desloratadine
desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.		3.2310benzocycloheptapyridineanti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist
1,4,7-triazacyclononane-n,n',n''-triacetic acid
1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N''-triacetic acid: structure given in first source		2.8330
desvenlafaxine
O-desmethylvenlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl group. It is a metabolite of the drug venlafaxine.		3.2310cyclohexanols;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
o(6)-benzyl-2'-deoxyguanosine
[no description available]		2.0310
factor xiiib
factor XIIIb: deficiency of this cpd causes Type I factor XIII deficiency		2.0110
n(alpha)-tosyl-(3-amidinophenyl)alanine piperidide
N(alpha)-(4-toluenesulfonyl)-3-amidinophenylalanylpiperidine: binds to thrombin & trypsin; structure given in first source		1.9910
methotrexate
[no description available]		22.991,34349dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
dihydroethidium
dihydroethidium: RN given is for the (+-)-isomer		2.2110
xaliproden
xaliproden : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-naphthyl)ethyl group and at position 4 by a m-trifluoromethylphenyl group.		2.0710(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrahydropyridine		serotonergic agonist
2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine
[no description available]		2.5120
tamsulosin
[no description available]		3.89305-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamidealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
rufinamide
rufinamide: for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; structure in first source		3.2310aromatic amide;
heteroarene
antiprimod
azaspirane: structure given in first source		2.0510
n-isobutyrylcysteine
N-isobutyrylcysteine: RN given refers to L-isomer		2.0710
sulbactam
[no description available]		2.0510penicillanic acids
talotrexin
N(alpha)-(4-amino-4-deoxypteroyl)-N(delta)-hemiphthaloyl-L-ornithine: RN refers to (S)-isomer		2.9340
olmesartan medoxomil
Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.		3.5920biphenyls
dexpanthenol
dexpanthenol: The alcohol of pantothenic acid		3.620amino alcohol;
monocarboxylic acid amide		cholinergic drug;
provitamin
isoleucyl-lysyl-valyl-alanyl-valine
isoleucyl-lysyl-valyl-alanyl-valine: amino acid sequence given in first source; corresponds to an active site on laminin		2.3110
fosamprenavir
fosamprenavir: a prodrug of the protease inhibitor amprenavir. fosamprenavir : A sulfonamide with a structure based on that of sulfanilamide substituted on the sulfonamide nitrogen by a (2R,3S)-4-phenyl-2-(phosphonooxy)-3-({[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]carbonyl}amino)butyl group. It is a pro-drug of the HIV protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir.		3.2310sulfonamideprodrug
quilostigmine
quilostigmine: RN given for (3aS,cis)-isomer; structure in first source		2.0710pyrroloindole
ilomastat
CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
L-tryptophan derivative;
N-acyl-amino acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
omega-n-methylarginine
omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.		5.2343amino acid zwitterion;
arginine derivative;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
imidazolecarboxamide
imidazolecarboxamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also related record for imidazole-4-carboxamide		6.9310
imiloxan
[no description available]		2.0710benzodioxine
n-hydroxysulfosuccinimide
N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide: hydrophilic ligand for preparation of active esters		2.0610
febuxostat
Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.. febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.		3.93301,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid;
aromatic ether;
nitrile		EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
dilevalol
(R,R)-labetalol : A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2R-configuration.		2.05102-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide
triiodothyronine
L-homocysteine thiolactone : A thiolactone arising from formal condensation of the mercapto (sulfanyl) and carboxylic acid groups of L-homocysteine.		7.0491tetrahydrothiophenes;
thiolactone		human metabolite
aspartame
[no description available]		5.2131carboxylic acid;
dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide;
methyl ester		apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
pomalidomide
3-aminophthalimidoglutarimide: structure in first source		2.3110aromatic amine;
dicarboximide;
isoindoles;
piperidones		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator
xylose
xylopyranose: structure in first source		9.75992D-xylose
beta-lactams
2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.		2.0510beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
beta-lactam
4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoic acid
[no description available]		1.9510
tempol
[no description available]		2.0710aminoxyls;
hydroxypiperidine		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
catalyst;
hepatoprotective agent;
nephroprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		6.16101amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
escitalopram
Escitalopram: S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.. escitalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram.		3.23101-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrileantidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol combination
drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol combination: female oral combined contraceptive containing 30 mcg (0.030 mg) Ethinyl Estradiol and 3 mg drospirenone (Androstenes)		4.120
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin: structure in first source. pralatrexate : A pteridine that is the N-4-[1-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)pent-4-yn-2-yl]benzoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. Used for treatment of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, an aggressive form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma.		6.8962N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pteridines;
terminal acetylenic compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
docetaxel
[no description available]		2.4620hydrate;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		6.58560secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
bdp 12
1-(quinoxalin-6-ylcarbonyl)piperidine: modulates AMPA receptor desensitization ; an analog of 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylcarbonyl)piperidine		3.1410N-acylpiperidine
atazanavir
atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).		3.5920carbohydrazideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
tariquidar
[no description available]		2.5720benzamides
nsc-141549
[no description available]		2.4620
peptide elongation factor 2
Peptide Elongation Factor 2: Peptide Elongation Factor 2 catalyzes the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A site to the P site of eukaryotic ribosomes by a process linked to the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP.		2.3820
levofloxacin
Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.		4.53709-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ezetimibe
Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).		5.9641azetidines;
beta-lactam;
organofluorine compound		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite
ertapenem
Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.		3.2310carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial drug
5-fluorouridine 5'-phosphate
5-fluorouridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having 5-fluorouracil as the pyrimidine component.		2.2510organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		drug metabolite
cox 189
lumiracoxib: a COX-2 inhibitor. lumiracoxib : An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity.		3.8730amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
conivaptan
conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).		3.2310benzazepineaquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
cariporide
cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0510
tezosentan
tezosentan: structure in first source		2.0510
vatalanib
[no description available]		2.0710monochlorobenzenes;
phthalazines;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
evodiamine
[no description available]		2.610beta-carbolines
moxifloxacin
Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.		3.8730aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
pyrrolidinopiperidine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug
pralnacasan
pralnacasan: NSAID, ICE inhibitor & metastasis inhibitor; RN & structure in first source		3.5920
clevidipine
clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source		3.620dihydropyridine
jtt 501
JTT 501: an insulin sensitizer; structure in first source		2.0510
solifenacin
[no description available]		3.2310isoquinolines
dexmethylphenidate
dexmethylphenidate : A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate in which both stereocentres have R configuration. It is the active enantiomer in the racemic drug methylphenidate.		3.2310methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetateadrenergic agent
hyoscyamine
Hyoscyamine: The 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.. (S)-atropine : An atropine with a 2S-configuration.		2.0710tropane alkaloid
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		5.04120methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
cinacalcet
cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
naphthalenes;
secondary amino compound		calcimimetic;
P450 inhibitor
hydroxyl radical
Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.		8.2660oxygen hydride;
oxygen radical;
reactive oxygen species
lactitol
lactitol : A glycosyl alditol consisting of beta-D-galactopyranose and D-glucitol joined by a 1->4 glycosidic bond. It is used as a laxative, as an excipient, and as replacement bulk sweetener in some low-calorie foods.		2.0710glycosyl alditolcathartic;
excipient;
laxative
lubiprostone
[no description available]		3.2310
methyl 5-aminolevulinate
methyl 5-aminolevulinate: esterified form of aminolevulinic acid used as PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY. methyl 5-aminolevulinate : The methyl ester of 5-aminolevulinic acid. A prodrug, it is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photosensitizer, and is used in the photodynamic treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (including basal cell carcinoma). Topical application (often as the hydrochloride salt) results in an accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the skin lesions to which the cream has been applied. Subsequent illumination with red light results in the generation of toxic singlet oxygen that destroys cell membranes and thereby kills the tumour cells.		7.0310delta-amino acid esterantineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug
n-(4-(n-((2,4-diaminofuro(2,3-d)pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)glutamic acid
N-(4-(N-((2,4-diaminofuro(2,3-d)pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)glutamic acid: structure given in first source		1.9810
atazanavir sulfate
Atazanavir Sulfate: An azapeptide and HIV-PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.		3.1950organic sulfate salt
olmesartan
olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866		2.0510biphenylyltetrazoleangiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
telbivudine
[no description available]		3.2310pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
gadolinium oxide
gadolinium oxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Gd2-O3		2.8930
titanium phosphate
titanium phosphate: RN given refers to unspecified titanium phosphate		2.2110
singlet oxygen
Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.		9.56220chalcogen;
monoatomic oxygen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
clofibride
clofibride: structure		2.0410monocarboxylic acid
fenton's reagent
Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols		2.0310
cyc 202
seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.		2.05102,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
carbodiimides
Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted.		3.2960carbodiimide
saicar
SAICAR: adenosylsuccinase catalyzes its conversion to AICAR. SAICAR : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide resulting from the formal condesation of the darboxy group of 5-amino-1-(5-O-phosphono-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of L-aspartic acid.		2.02101-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamideEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
zirconium phosphate
zirconium phosphate: reagent for carcinoembryonic antigen determination in plasma from patients having benign or malignant disease; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified ratio		2.1110
pyropheophorbide a
pyropheophorbide a: RN given refers to (3S-trans)-isomer		7.8330
homocysteinesulfinic acid
homocysteinesulfinic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0610alpha-amino acid
fpl 52757
FPL 52757: FPL 52758 is Na salt of FPL 52757; structure in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710
trimerazine
trimerazine: combination of above		1.9610
chlorocarbonic acid
[no description available]		2.0410organooxygen compound
tartrazine
Tartrazine: An anionic, hydrophilic azo dye with an orange-yellow color used in fabrics, foods and cosmetics, and as a biological stain.. tartrazine : An organic sodium salt which is the trisodium salt of tartrazine acid. A synthetic lemon yellow azo dye used as a food colouring.		6.9510
arginine glutamate
[no description available]		3.411glutamic acid derivative
paromomycin
Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		4.0940amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
anidulafungin
Anidulafungin: Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.. anidulafungin : A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.		3.2310antibiotic antifungal drug;
azamacrocycle;
echinocandin;
heterodetic cyclic peptide;
semisynthetic derivative
avasimibe
[no description available]		2.0510monoterpenoid
technetium tc 99m pentetate
Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate: A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.		2.4920
metaperiodate
metaperiodate: RN given refers to periodic acid, Na salt; structure. periodate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid.		1.9310iodine oxoanion;
monovalent inorganic anion
symmetric dimethylarginine
N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups at the N(omega)- and N'(omega)-positions		5.0431amino acid zwitterion;
dimethylarginine;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
aminopterin
Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.		11.612093dicarboxylic acidEC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
mutagen
17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate
17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: Hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS.		3.2310corticosteroid hormone
varenicline
Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.. varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.		3.2310
3'-(1-butylphosphoryl)adenosine
3'-(1-butylphosphoryl)adenosine: regulatory substance inducing production of rifamycin in Nocardia sp; structure given in first source		1.9310
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		11.672230biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isofuranodiene
isofuranodiene: structure		2.1510
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).		5.3120amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite
dipiperidinoethane-di-n-oxide
dipiperidinoethane-di-N-oxide: oxidized neurotoxic dipiperidinoethane deriv; structure given in first source		1.9610
fiduxosin
fiduxosin: fiduxosin (ABT-980) is the (3aR,9bR)-isomer; structure in first source		3.5920
cystinylglycine
cystinylglycine: found in human blood plasma		3.3811
campesterol
campesterol: RN refers to (3beta,24R)-isomer; structure		3.4113beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
C28-steroid;
phytosterols		mouse metabolite
fpl 59257
FPL 59257: abolishes cough response & partly inhibits bronchoconstriction produced by leukotrienes C & D		2.0710
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		9.79100
lignin
Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.		2.4120
ropivacaine
Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.		2.0710piperidinecarboxamide;
ropivacaine		local anaesthetic
enzastaurin
[no description available]		3.4411indoles;
maleimides
erlotinib
[no description available]		3.620aromatic ether;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
terminal acetylenic compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist;
protein kinase inhibitor
erlotinib hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4920hydrochloride;
terminal acetylenic compound		antineoplastic agent;
protein kinase inhibitor
homocysteic acid
homocysteic acid: promotes growth in hypophysectomized rats; RN given refers to parent cpd. homocysteic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group has benn oxidised to the corresponding sulfonic acid.. L-homocysteic acid : A homocysteic acid with L-configuration.		5.9942homocysteic acidNMDA receptor agonist
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		2.3520divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
zeneca zd 6169
Zeneca ZD 6169: an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener; structure given in first source		2.0710
l 694,458
DMP 777: structure given in first source		2.0410
nickel monoxide
[no description available]		2.5120
melagatran
[no description available]		2.0410azetidines;
carboxamidine;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
secondary amino compound		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
serine protease inhibitor
sibenadet
sibenadet: structure in first source		2.0710
dimethylarsinous acid
dimethylarsinous acid: a reactive organic intermediate of dimethylarsinic acid involved in toxicity		2.610methylarsinous acid
2-naphthylalanine
2-naphthylalanine: structure in first source		2.0810
aflatoxin b1
Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.		2.9240aflatoxin;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone		carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite
1,4,7-triazacyclononane
1,4,7-triazacyclononane: structure given in first source		2.0710azacycloalkane;
crown amine;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
isospaglumic acid
isospaglumic acid: mediator in the sensitivity of animals to hyperbaric oxygenation; Naaxia is the tradename; apparently can have both a neuroprotective and a neurotoxic effect. Ac-Asp-Glu : A dipeptide composed of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid joined by a peptide linkage.		8.0680dipeptidehuman metabolite
homocystamine
homocystamine: N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.4420
carbocysteine
Carbocysteine: A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.. S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine thioether that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		2.0410L-cysteine thioether;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		mucolytic
etravirine
[no description available]		3.2310aminopyrimidine;
aromatic ether;
dinitrile;
organobromine compound		antiviral agent;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
4-aminobenzoylglutamic acid
4-aminobenzoylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-(4-aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamic acid : A dipeptide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the amino group of L-glutamic acid.		8.61454dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide;
N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid;
substituted aniline
latrepirdine
latrepirdine: structure		2.0710methylpyridines;
pyridoindole		geroprotector
fe(iii)-edta
Fe(III)-EDTA: iron fortifying agent; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.5320iron coordination entity
troleandomycin
Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.		2.7530acetate ester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyketide;
semisynthetic derivative		EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor;
xenobiotic
dronedarone
Dronedarone: A non-iodinated derivative of amiodarone that is used for the treatment of ARRHYTHMIA.. dronedarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		3.23101-benzofurans;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ramelteon
ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist		3.620indanes
lapatinib
[no description available]		4.4460furans;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
quinazolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
prizes
acetamiprid: structure in first source. (E)-acetamiprid : The (E)-stereoisomer of acetamiprid.. acetamiprid : A carboxamidine that is acetamidine in which the amino hydrogens are substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl and a methyl group while the hydrogen attached to the imino nitrogen is replaced by a cyano group.		3.5110carboxamidine;
monochloropyridine;
nitrile		environmental contaminant;
neonicotinoid insectide;
xenobiotic
darunavir
Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.		3.2310carbamate ester;
furofuran;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
deferasirox
Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.		3.8730benzoic acids;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols;
triazoles		iron chelator
tbc-11251
sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source		3.5920benzodioxoles
tolvaptan
[no description available]		3.6320benzazepine;
benzenedicarboxamide		aquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
sorafenib
[no description available]		9.7280(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
succinobucol
succinobucol: monosuccinic acid ester of probucol; a metabolically stable modification of probucol, an equipotent antioxidant to probucol but is pharmacologically distinct		3.1110benzoate ester;
phenols
lenalidomide
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic amine;
dicarboximide;
isoindoles;
piperidones		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator
regadenoson
[no description available]		3.2310purine nucleoside
lacosamide
Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.		3.2310N-acyl-amino acid
cholic acid
Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.		2.512012alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer
Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.		2.05103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
C29-steroid;
phytosterols;
stigmastane sterol		anticholesteremic drug;
antioxidant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
deoxycholic acid
Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.		3.4170bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human blood serum metabolite
cortisone
[no description available]		5.8519011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dromostanolone propionate
dromostanolone propionate: RN given refers to (2alpha,5alpha,17beta)-isomer		2.04103-oxo-5alpha-steroid;
steroid ester		antineoplastic agent
fludrocortisone acetate
fludrocortisone acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the primary hydroxy group of fludrocortisone with acetic acid. A synthetic corticosteroid, it has glucocorticoid actions about 10 times as potent as hydrocortisone, while its mineralocorticoid actions are over 100 times as potent. It is used in partial replacement therapy for primary and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency in Addison's disease and for the treatment of salt-losing adrenal hyperplasia.		2.462011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
fluorinated steroid;
mineralocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
colchiceine
[no description available]		2.1310cyclic ketone
3-nitrotyrosine
3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		2.72302-nitrophenols;
C-nitro compound;
nitrotyrosine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
5-hydroxymethylfurfural: has antisickling activity; HMF is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural : A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo.		2.1310arenecarbaldehyde;
furans;
primary alcohol		indicator;
Maillard reaction product
vincaleukoblastine
[no description available]		3.2310acetate ester;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite
2-hydroxyestradiol
2-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen; RN given refers to (17 beta)-isomer. 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 2-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 2.		2.011017beta-hydroxy steroid;
2-hydroxy steroid		carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug
2-chlorobiphenyl
2-chlorobiphenyl: RN from Toxlit. 2-chlorobiphenyl : A monochlorobiphenyl carrying a single chloro substituent at position 2.. monochlorobiphenyl : A chlorobiphenyl carrying a single chloro substituent at unspecified position.. chlorobiphenyl : A chloroarene that consists of a biphenyl skeleton substituted by one or more chloro groups.		2.0410monochlorobiphenyl
vincristine sulfate
[no description available]		2.4620organic sulfate saltantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector
pheophorbide a
pheophorbide a: split product of chlorophyll obtained by saponification of pheophytin		3.3960
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		2.3110
benzarone
benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure		4.1401-benzofurans
estramustine
Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.		3.592017beta-hydroxy steroid;
carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
radiation protective agent
withaferin a
withaferin A: an antiestrogen and phytogenic antineoplastic agent isolated from leaves of Withania somnifera Dun.; structure. withaferin A : A withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 27 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.		2.171027-hydroxy steroid;
4-hydroxy steroid;
delta-lactone;
enone;
epoxy steroid;
ergostanoid;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol;
withanolide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
phenethicillin
phenethicillin: minor descriptor (85); major descriptor (63-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENETHICILLIN (63-84); RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer. phenethicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group.		2.4620penicillin allergen;
penicillin
noscapine
Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.		2.4720aromatic ether;
benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
cyclic acetal;
isobenzofuranone;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antitussive;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
homoharringtonine
Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.		7.5420alkaloid ester;
enol ether;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
protein synthesis inhibitor
acivicin
[no description available]		2.4620isoxazoles;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		antileishmanial agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor;
glutamine antagonist;
metabolite
wortmannin
[no description available]		2.830acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
delta-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Penicillium metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent
2-oxindole
2-oxindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. indolin-2-one : An indolinone carrying an oxo group at position 2.		2.1510gamma-lactam;
indolinone
withanolides
Withanolides: Ergostane derivatives of 28 carbons with oxygens at C1, C22, and C26 positions and the side chain cyclized. They are found in WITHANIA plant genus and have cytotoxic and other effects.		2.1710
sorbinil
sorbinil: aldose reductase inhibitor. sorbinil : An azaspiro compound having a monofluoro-substituted chromane skeleton spiro-linked to an imidazolidinedione ring.		2.1310azaspiro compound;
chromanes;
imidazolidinone;
organofluorine compound;
oxaspiro compound		antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
6-hydroxyquinolinic acid
6-hydroxyquinolinic acid: structure in first source		2.1510
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination
Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.		6.13240
o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol
O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.		2.0510carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid;
spiro-epoxide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor;
retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
taurochenodeoxycholic acid
Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurochenodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurochenodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. taurochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid.		2.4120bile acid taurine conjugatehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
bortezomib
[no description available]		4.3450amino acid amide;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
protease inhibitor;
proteasome inhibitor
calcein am
calcein AM: a non-fluorescent compound cleaved to a fluorescent compound by non-specific intracellular esterases. calcein am : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is calcein in which all four carboxy group hydrogens have been substituted by (acetyloxy)methoxy groups and the hyrodgens of the two hydroxy groups have been substituted by acetyl groups. It is a a non-fluorescent probe cleaved to a fluorescent probe by non-specific intracellular esterases.		2.01102-benzofurans;
acetate ester;
gamma-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
xanthene dye		fluorochrome
ritonavir
Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		4.881001,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
L-valine derivative;
ureas		antiviral drug;
environmental contaminant;
HIV protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
acetogenins
Acetogenins: Polyketides of up to a few dozen carbons in length, formed by chain extension of multiple PROPIONATES and oxygenated to form tetrahydrofuran and lactone rings along the length of the chain. They are found in ANNONACEAE and other PLANTS. Related compounds cyclize to MACROLIDES.		2.5720
nexavar
[no description available]		2.0510organosulfonate salt
lanatosides
Lanatosides: Glycosides from DIGITALIS lanata leaf. Lanatoside C has actions similar to DIGOXIN. Mixtures of lanatosides A, B, and C have also been used. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p670)		2.3420
3-deazaadenine
[no description available]		2.0210
permanganate
[no description available]		6.9310manganese oxoacid
carboplatin
[no description available]		7.42141
lithium chloride
Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.		2.4920inorganic chloride;
lithium salt		antimanic drug;
geroprotector
s-adenosylhomocysteine
S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine.		17.88874adenosines;
amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine derivative;
homocysteines;
organic sulfide		cofactor;
EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor;
epitope;
fundamental metabolite
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate: An aldotriose which is an important intermediate in glycolysis and in tryptophan biosynthesis.. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate : An aldotriose phosphate that is the 3-phospho derivative of glyceraldehyde. It is an important metabolic intermediate in several central metabolic pathways in all organisms.		2.0410glyceraldehyde 3-phosphatemouse metabolite
5'-methylthioadenosine
5'-methylthioadenosine: structure. 5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine : Adenosine with the hydroxy group at C-5' substituted with a methylthio (methylsulfanyl) group.		2.3720thioadenosinealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycogen
glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.		5.0880
sorbose
sorbopyranose : The pyranose form of sorbose.. L-sorbopyranose : The L-stereoisomer of sorbopyranose.		2.0210L-sorbose;
sorbopyranose
arabinose
[no description available]		1.9310L-arabinoseEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fibrin
Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.		6.2272peptide
bradykinin
[no description available]		210oligopeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent
amylopectin
Amylopectin: A highly branched glucan in starch.. amylopectin : A polydisperse highly branched polysaccharide derivative composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage. The chains are joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some 6-phosphate ester groups also may occur. The branches in amylopectin typically contain 24 to 30 glucose residues.		7.6120
hexacyanoferrate iii
hexacyanoferrate III: RN given refers to parent cpd		210
glucosamine
D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.		5.34100D-glucosamineEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
mouse metabolite
elastin
[no description available]		2.0610oligopeptide
carnosine
polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth		4.9942amino acid zwitterion;
dipeptide		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
mevalonic acid
Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.		4.26303,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
formiminoglutamic acid
Formiminoglutamic Acid: Measurement of this acid in the urine after oral administration of histidine provides the basis for the diagnostic test of folic acid deficiency and of megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy.. N-formimidoyl-L-glutamic acid : The N-formimidoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid		10.79651dicarboxylic acid;
L-glutamic acid derivative
naringenin
(S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.		7.610(2S)-flavan-4-one;
naringenin		expectorant;
plant metabolite
pantoic acid
pantoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		3.0610pantoic acid
epiglucan
epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.		5.5441
diaminopimelic acid
Diaminopimelic Acid: A diamino derivative of heptanedioic acid with amino groups at C-2 and C-6 and the general formula (COOH)CH(NH2)CH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)(COOH).. LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid : A 2,6-diaminopimelic acid in which both chiral centres have S configuration. It is a component of bacterial cell wall.		1.96102,6-diaminopimelic acid;
amino acid zwitterion		Escherichia coli metabolite
oxytocin
Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.		3.4820heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent
d-tagatose
D-tagatopyranose : The pyranose form of D-tagatose.		3.1110D-tagatose
bekanamycin
bekanamycin: kanendomycin is the sulfate of bekanamycin; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410kanamycins
pantetheine
Pantetheine: An intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A formation in mammalian liver and some microorganisms.. pantetheine : An amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of pantothenic acid and the amino group of cysteamine.		1.9310pantetheines;
thiol		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dithioerythritol
[no description available]		2101,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diolreducing agent
theanine
theanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; precursor of ethylamine; found in green tea. N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine : A N(5)-alkylglutamine where the alkyl group is ethyl. It has been isolated from green tea.		3.1910amino acid zwitterion;
N(5)-alkyl-L-glutamine		geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
7-dehydrocholesterol
[no description available]		2.04103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
cholestanoid;
Delta(5),Delta(7)-sterol		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.		2.6730myo-inositol trisphosphatemouse metabolite
cysteinylglycine
cysteinylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemlne 7/13/83. L-cysteinylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-cysteinyl attached to its alpha-amino group. It is an intermediate metabolite in glutathione metabolism.		7.43173dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glutamyl-glutamic acid
glutamyl-glutamic acid: RN given for (L,L)-isomer. Glu-Glu : A dipeptide composed of two L-glutamic acid units joined by a peptide linkage.		6.9210dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
ouabain
Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.		3.9814011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
14beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid hormone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
plant metabolite
salicin
[no description available]		2.0710aromatic primary alcohol;
aryl beta-D-glucoside;
benzyl alcohols		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
casein hydrolysate
casein hydrolysate: an ingredient of trypticase soy broth; casitone is a tryptic digest of casein		1.9410
puromycin
[no description available]		5.58140puromycinsantiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor;
nucleoside antibiotic;
protein synthesis inhibitor
mannuronic acid
mannuronic acid: hydrolysis product of alginic acids from ALGAE; has anti-inflammatory activity. D-mannopyranuronic acid : The pyranose form of D-mannonic acid.		3.6411D-mannonic acid
pentostatin
Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.		3.2310coformycinsantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
n-formylmethionine
N-formyl-L-methionine : A L-methionine derivative in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group.		1.9510L-methionine derivative;
N-formyl amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		metabolite
taurolithocholic acid
Taurolithocholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurolithocholic acid : The bile acid taurine conjugate of lithocholic acid.		2.0510bile acid taurine conjugate;
monocarboxylic acid amide		human metabolite
5-methyldeoxycytidine
[no description available]		2.21102'-deoxycytidine
trimethyllysine
trimethyllysine: stimulates growth of tumor cells; RN given refers to (S)-isomer		4.3911alpha-amino-acid cationhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
5-hydroxymethyldeoxycytidylic acid
5-hydroxymethyldeoxycytidylic acid : A 2'-deoxycytidine phosphate compound having the phosphate group at the 5'-position and a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 5-position.		1.98102'-deoxycytidine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
dehydroascorbic acid
Dehydroascorbic Acid: The reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid. It is the lactone of 2,3-DIKETOGULONIC ACID and has antiscorbutic activity in man on oral ingestion.. L-dehydroascorbate : An organic anion and the conjugate base of L-dehydroascorbic acid, arising from deprotonation of the acidic C2-position.. L-dehydroascorbic acid : Dehydroascorbic acid having the L-configuration.		2.0510dehydroascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
mouse metabolite
(+)-limonene
(4R)-limonene : An optically active form of limonene having (4R)-configuration.		2.4620limoneneplant metabolite
cellulase
Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.		2.2510cellotriose
strychnine
Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.		3.3370monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound		avicide;
cholinergic antagonist;
glycine receptor antagonist;
neurotransmitter agent;
rodenticide
quinidine
Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.		4.4970cinchona alkaloidalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
muscarinic antagonist;
P450 inhibitor;
potassium channel blocker;
sodium channel blocker
meropenem
Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.		3.5920alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
organic sulfide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
griseofulvin
Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.		4.55701-benzofurans;
antibiotic antifungal drug;
benzofuran antifungal drug;
organochlorine compound;
oxaspiro compound		antibacterial agent;
Penicillium metabolite
monensin
Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.		3.150cyclic hemiketal;
monocarboxylic acid;
polyether antibiotic;
spiroketal		antifungal agent;
coccidiostat;
ionophore
cefoxitin
Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.		3.8630beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
cephamycin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
digitoxin
Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.		2.6830cardenolide glycosideEC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
moxalactam disodium
[no description available]		2.4620
saquinavir
Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.		4.4460L-asparagine derivative;
quinolines		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
pancuronium
Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.		3.5820acetate ester;
steroid ester		cholinergic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
abacavir
abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.		4.28502,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
drug allergen;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
netilmicin
Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.		2.4520
trimethaphan camsylate
trimethaphan camsylate : The (S)-camphorsulfonate salt of trimethaphan.		2.0510
miglitol
[no description available]		3.2310piperidines
mometasone furoate
Mometasone Furoate: A pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders.		2.462011beta-hydroxy steroid;
2-furoate ester;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
organochlorine compound;
steroid ester		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
metyrosine
alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine : An L-tyrosine derivative that consists of L-tyrosine bearing an additional methyl substituent at position 2. An inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with pheochromocytoma.		3.5920L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor
nortriptyline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620organic tricyclic compoundgeroprotector
erythromycin estolate
Erythromycin Estolate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.		2.9840aminoglycoside sulfate salt;
erythromycin derivative		enzyme inhibitor
kanamycin sulfate
[no description available]		2.4620aminoglycoside sulfate saltantibacterial drug;
geroprotector
paromomycin sulfate
paromomycin sulfate : An aminoglycoside sulfate salt resulting from the treatment of paromomycin with sulfuric acid. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		2.4620
linezolid
[no description available]		3.620acetamides;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound;
oxazolidinone		antibacterial drug;
protein synthesis inhibitor
(S)-bicalutamide
(S)-bicalutamide : A N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide that is the (S)-enantiomer of bicalutamide.		2.0710N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide
indican
[no description available]		6.15100beta-D-glucoside;
exopolysaccharide;
indolyl carbohydrate
genipin
[no description available]		2.110iridoid monoterpenoidanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cross-linking reagent;
hepatotoxic agent;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
naringin
[no description available]		7.2110(2S)-flavan-4-one;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
neohesperidoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
ochratoxin a
ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.		7.0310isochromanes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acyl-L-phenylalanine;
organochlorine compound;
phenylalanine derivative		Aspergillus metabolite;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
mycotoxin;
nephrotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
teratogenic agent
cyclopamine
[no description available]		2.0510piperidinesglioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
lignans
Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		2.5220
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine
N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.		1.9710tripeptide
devazepide
Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.		2.47201,4-benzodiazepinone;
indolecarboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cholecystokinin antagonist;
gastrointestinal drug
chloramphenicol palmitate
chloramphenicol palmitate: RN given refers to ((R-(R*,R*))-isomer)		2.4620hexadecanoate ester
clindamycin phosphate
[no description available]		3.2310
hetacillin
[no description available]		2.0410penicillinantibacterial drug
sodium arsenite
sodium arsenite : An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2.		2.9540arsenic molecular entity;
inorganic sodium salt		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
herbicide;
insecticide;
rodenticide
actinonin
actinonin: natural hydroxamic acid, pseudopeptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces species; structure		2.4110
calcium pantothenate
[no description available]		2.4620polymer
daunorubicinol
daunorubicinol: main metabolite of daunomycin. (13S)-13-dihydrodaunorubicin : The (13S)-diastereomer of 13-dihydrodaunorubicin.		3.391113-dihydrodaunorubicin
eplerenone
Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		3.23103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
epoxy steroid;
gamma-lactone;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid acid ester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
tolterodine
[no description available]		3.5920tertiary amineantispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant
doxorubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530anthracycline
halcinonide
Halcinonide: A glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of DERMATITIS; ECZEMA; or PSORIASIS. It may cause skin irritation.		2.0710organic molecular entitySMO receptor agonist
metrizamide
Metrizamide: A solute for density gradient centrifugation offering higher maximum solution density without the problems of increased viscosity. It is also used as a resorbable, non-ionic contrast medium.		2.0710amino sugar
medigoxin
Medigoxin: A semisynthetic digitalis glycoside with the general properties of DIGOXIN but more rapid onset of action. Its cardiotonic action is prolonged by its demethylation to DIGOXIN in the liver. It has been used in the treatment of congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE).		2.0410cardenolide glycoside
erythromycin ethylsuccinate
Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.		2.6530cyclic ketone;
erythromycin derivative;
ethyl ester;
succinate ester
vinpocetine
vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		7.1510alkaloidgeroprotector
betamethasone acetate
[no description available]		2.041011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
acetate ester;
fluorinated steroid;
steroid ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
tibolone
tibolone: used in prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. tibolone : Estran-3-one with a double bond between positions 5 and 10, and bearing both an ethynyl group and a hydroxy group at position 17 (R-configuration). A synthetic steroid hormone drug which acts as an agonist at all five type I steroid hormone receptors, it is used in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and for treatment of endometriosis.		2.031017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		bone density conservation agent;
hormone agonist
ao 128
AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source		2.0510organic molecular entity
darifenacin
darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.		3.23101-benzofurans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidines		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		5.22430cyclodextrin
acarbose
[no description available]		2.7430amino cyclitol;
glycoside
maleic acid
maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.		2.4620butenedioic acidalgal metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
acetyl coenzyme a
Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.		2.6730acyl-CoAacyl donor;
coenzyme;
effector;
fundamental metabolite
e-z cinnamic acid
cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid		2.2510cinnamic acidplant metabolite
ergosterol
[no description available]		3.84303beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
ergostanoid;
phytosterols		fungal metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trichostatin a
trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES		2.5420antibiotic antifungal agent;
hydroxamic acid;
trichostatin		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		7.97430retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		7.3471icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
alpha-cyclodextrin
alpha-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of six alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.		3.0240cyclodextrin
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		8.22260resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
retinol
Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).		21.554150retinol;
vitamin A		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
ribothymidine
ribothymidine : A methyluridine having a single methyl substituent at the 5-position on the uracil ring.		2.520methyluridineantigen;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
cyanoginosin lr
cyanoginosin LR: cyclic heptapeptide from cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. microcystin-LR : A microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-leucyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl,L-arginyl, 2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle. Produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, it is the most studied of the microcystins.		2.4620microcystinbacterial metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.		2.0510D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
docosahexaenoate
efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19.		2.0510docosahexaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		8.94204octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
tacrolimus
Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.		9.460macrolide lactambacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
ferric hydroxide
ferric hydroxide: additional RNs for iron hydroxide oxide: 11115-92-7, 20344-49-4; RN for unspecified iron hydroxide: 11113-66-9		531
ferulic acid
ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.		3.9730ferulic acidsanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
MALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite
pectins
Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.		6.5161D-galactopyranuronic acid
1,5-dihydro-fad
1,5-dihydro-FAD: chromophore component of E coli DNA photolyase		1.9710flavin adenine dinucleotideEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cerivastatin
cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.		2.7530dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pyridines;
statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin
rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).		3.5920dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidines;
statin (synthetic);
sulfonamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antilipemic drug;
cardioprotective agent;
CETP inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cocaine
Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.		2.9540benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid
icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.		11.92237icosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		anticholesteremic drug;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
thapsigargin
Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.		2.4720butyrate ester;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
sesquiterpene lactone		calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		4.27502-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
xenobiotic
clindamycin
Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.		4.7390
lycopene
[no description available]		9.99212acyclic caroteneantioxidant;
plant metabolite
fosfomycin
Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.		3.5920epoxide;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax
Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.		5.9171macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
drf 2725
ragaglitazar: a phenoxazine analogue of phenyl propanoic acid; Ragaglitazar is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma		2.7530
y 27632
Y 27632: RN given for di-HCl salt; inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase; inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation; structure in first source. Y-27632 : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is trans-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide in which one of the nitrogens of the aminocarbony group is substituted by a pyridine nucleus. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enzyme.		2.110aromatic amide
diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.		3.1960olefinic compound;
polyphenol		antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen
octreotide
[no description available]		3.2310
epothilone a
Epothilones: A group of 16-member MACROLIDES which stabilize MICROTUBULES in a manner similar to PACLITAXEL. They were originally found in the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, now renamed to Polyangium (MYXOCOCCALES).		9.5751epothilone;
epoxide		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
eptifibatide
[no description available]		3.2310homodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
organic disulfide		anticoagulant;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
alitretinoin
Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.		2.0510retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
metabolite;
retinoid X receptor agonist
afimoxifene
afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.		2.4320phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
metabolite
aclarubicin
Aclarubicin: An anthracycline produced by Streptomyces galilaeus. It has potent antineoplastic activity.. aclacinomycin A : An anthracycline antibiotic that is produced by Streptomyces galilaeus and also has potent antineoplastic activity.		2.4420aminoglycoside;
anthracycline;
methyl ester;
phenols;
polyketide;
tetracenequinones;
trisaccharide derivative;
zwitterion		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
decitabine
[no description available]		4.54702'-deoxyribonucleoside
pantethine
pantethine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. pantethine : An organic disulfide that consists of two molecules of pantothenic acid linked by amide bonds to a cysteamine disulfide bridging group.		1.9310organic disulfidecoenzyme;
nutraceutical
teniposide
[no description available]		3.5920aromatic ether;
beta-D-glucoside;
cyclic acetal;
furonaphthodioxole;
gamma-lactone;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
texas red
Texas red: hydrophilic Texas red; structure given in first source		2.730organic heteroheptacyclic compoundfluorochrome
iridoids
Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).		2.5420
laminaran
laminaran: beta-1,3-glucan		2.610
ketoconazole
(2R,4S)-ketoconazole : A cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine which dioxolane moiety has (2R,4S)-configuration.		2.1310cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		7.3370actinomycinmutagen
gamma-sitosterol
clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.		3.4113beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
phytosterols		marine metabolite;
plant metabolite
tiazofurin
tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).		2.05101,3-thiazoles;
C-glycosyl compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
prodrug
aphidicolin
Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication.		10.29100tetracyclic diterpenoidantimicrobial agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
apoptosis inducer;
Aspergillus metabolite;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite
arsphenamine
Arsphenamine: An organoarsenic compound that was commonly used for treating SYPHILIS and other diseases.		7.6230
azaserine
Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.		4.8260carboxylic ester;
diazo compound;
L-serine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antifungal agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
glutamine antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
melphalan
Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.		5.1180L-phenylalanine derivative;
nitrogen mustard;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		4.140nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
posaconazole
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxolanes;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		trypanocidal drug
dibekacin
Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring.		2.0410kanamycinsantibacterial agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
rubitecan
rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin.		2.4620C-nitro compound;
delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
semisynthetic derivative;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
micafungin
Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.		3.5920antibiotic antifungal drug;
echinocandin		antiinfective agent
shikonin
shikonin: a naphthazarin; has antineoplastic and angiogenesis inhibiting activities		2.4110hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
riboflavin
vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).		20.3952145flavin;
vitamin B2		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food colouring;
fundamental metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine
5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine: structure		1.9610
potassium thiocyanate
potassium thiocyanate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-CHNS. potassium thiocyanate : A potassium salt which is the monopotassium salt of thiocyanic acid.		1.9410potassium salt
potassium permanganate
Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed)		2.8640
sodium bicarbonate
Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.		4.3960one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antacid;
food anticaking agent
potassium nitrite
[no description available]		1.9810
potassium acetate
Potassium Acetate: A potassium salt used to replenish ELECTROLYTES, for restoration of WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, as well as a urinary and systemic alkalizer, which can be administered orally or by intravenous infusion. Formerly, it was used in DIURETICS and EXPECTORANTS.. potassium acetate : A potassium salt comprising equal numbers of potassium and acetate ions		1.9910potassium saltfood acidity regulator
sodium acetate, anhydrous
Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.		2.0510organic sodium saltNMR chemical shift reference compound
sodium benzoate
Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.		2.0510organic sodium saltalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
sodium cyanate
sodium cyanate: used in treatment of sickle cell anemia; RN given refers to cyanic acid, Na salt		1.9610cyanate salt;
one-carbon compound
arsenic trioxide
Tetraarsenic Oxide: A form of As2O3 that exists as As4O6 in the solid state. It dissociates to As2O3 upon heating to the vapor phase above 800 degrees Celsius.		3.8630arsenic oxideantineoplastic agent;
insecticide
zn(ii)-phthalocyanine
[no description available]		3.0840metallophthalocyanine;
zinc tetrapyrrole		fluorochrome
dipyrone
Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.		2.0510organic sodium saltanti-inflammatory agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug;
prodrug
ditiocarb sodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
bromochloroacetic acid
Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.		4.66612-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
calix(4)arene
calix(4)arene: a cyclophane consisting of four phenolic units linked by methylene groups; structure in first source		2.8130
idarubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620anthracycline
sr 90107
fondaparinux sodium : An organic sodium salt, being the decasodium salt of fondaparinux.		3.2310
carbenoxolone sodium
Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.		2.4620triterpenoid
carbenoxolone
[no description available]		2.0510
meglumine iodipamide
[no description available]		3.2310organoammonium saltradioopaque medium
rhapontin
rhapontin: constituent of rhubarb rhizome		2.0810rhaponticinangiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
glycosides
[no description available]		4.4740
isomethyleugenol
Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		19.1833418isomethyleugenol
piperine
piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.		2.0510benzodioxoles;
N-acylpiperidine;
piperidine alkaloid;
tertiary carboxamide		food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
plant metabolite
retinol acetate
retinol acetate: structure given in first source		1.9610acetate ester
stilbenes
Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.		6.72220stilbene
thyrotropin-releasing hormone
PR 546: no other info available 9/89. protirelin : A tripeptide composed of L-pyroglutamyl, L-histidyl and L-prolinamide residues joined in sequence.		3.2310peptide hormone;
tripeptide		human metabolite
n-methylproline
N-methylproline: structure in first source. N-methylproline : An L-proline derivative obtained by replacement of the amino hydrogen by a methyl group.		2.2110L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-proline derivative;
tertiary amino compound		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
discodermolide
[no description available]		2.0510diterpenoid
floxuridine
[no description available]		1.9310
flavin-adenine dinucleotide
Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)		8.73471flavin adenine dinucleotide;
vitamin B2		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prosthetic group
flavin mononucleotide
[no description available]		2.0410flavin mononucleotide;
vitamin B2		bacterial metabolite;
coenzyme;
cofactor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cannabidiol
Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.		2.0510olefinic compound;
phytocannabinoid;
resorcinols		antimicrobial agent;
plant metabolite
arginine vasopressin
Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.		3.2310vasopressincardiovascular drug;
hematologic agent;
mitogen
pyrophosphate
Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.		3.3370diphosphate ion
palmitoyl coenzyme a
Palmitoyl Coenzyme A: A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.. palmitoyl-CoA : A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the thiol group of coenzyme A.		1.941011,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA;
3-substituted propionyl-CoA;
long-chain fatty acyl-CoA;
palmitoyl bioconjugate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
s 1033
[no description available]		3.6620(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
imidazoles;
pyridines;
pyrimidines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
mezlocillin
Mezlocillin: Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.. mezlocillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		2.0410penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
omapatrilat
omapatrilat: structure in first source		3.821dipeptide
lanatoside c
lanatoside C: RN given refers to (3beta,5beta,12beta)-isomer		1.9410
polidocanol
Polidocanol: An alkyl polyglycol ether of LAURYL ALCOHOL, chemically defined as an alcohol ethoxylate having an average alkyl chain of 12–14 carbon atoms, and an ethylene oxide chain of 9 ethylene oxide units. It is used as a detergent, and medically as a local anesthetic, and as a sclerosing agent for the treatment of ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICES and VARICOSE VEINS.. polidocanol : A hydroxypolyether that is nonaethylene glycol in which one of the terminal hydroxy functions is substituted by a lauryl (dodecyl) group.		1.9810hydroxypolyetherhepatotoxic agent;
nonionic surfactant;
sclerotherapy agent
ferlixit
ferlixit: used to induce siderosis in femal Wistar albino rats		2.0210polymer
mitobronitol
Mitobronitol: Brominated analog of MANNITOL which is an antineoplastic agent appearing to act as an alkylating agent.		2.0410alcohol;
organobromine compound
prednisolone hemisuccinate
prednisolone hemisuccinate: RN given refers to (11 beta)-isomer. prednisolone succinate : A hemisuccinate resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy group prednisolone with one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. It is used to treat mild to moderate non-infectious eye allergies and inflammation, including damage caused by chemical and thermal burns.		2.041011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
hemisuccinate;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug
isopropyl thiogalactoside
Isopropyl Thiogalactoside: A non-metabolizable galactose analog that induces expression of the LAC OPERON.. isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside : An S-glycosyl compound consisting of beta-D-1-thiogalactose having an isopropyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.		2.7620S-glycosyl compound
leuprolide
Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		3.411oligopeptideanti-estrogen;
antineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
octotropine methylbromide
octotropine methylbromide: minor descriptor (65-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (69-86); RN given refers to endo-isomer. anisotropine methylbromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide.		2.0410
fludarabine
[no description available]		2.2510purine nucleoside
propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.		4.92110pyrimidinethioneantidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antimetabolite;
antioxidant;
antithyroid drug;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
hormone antagonist
nsc 4347
NSC 4347: structure in first source		2.0410
prothionamide
Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents.		2.0510pyridines
sesquiterpenes
[no description available]		2.0710
chlorprothixene
Chlorprothixene: A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.. (Z)-chlorprothixene : A chlorprothixene in which the double bond adopts a (Z)-configuration.		2.4620chlorprothixene
etomidate
Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.		4.0840ethyl ester;
imidazoles		intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
mercaptopurine
Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.		12.29360aryl thiol;
purines;
thiocarbonyl compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
methylthiouracil
Methylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.		3.4920pyrimidone
4-bromophenylalanine
[no description available]		2.0810
thioinosine
Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)		1.9510
crotamiton
[no description available]		2.0710
caffeic acid
trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.		3.0130caffeic acidgeroprotector;
mouse metabolite
ceefourin 1
ceefourin 1: inhibits multidrug resistance protein 4; structure in first source		2.3110
pyrantel
Pyrantel: A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920). pyrantel : A carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'.		3.23101,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines;
carboxamidine;
thiophenes		antinematodal drug
lobeline
[no description available]		2.0410
urocanic acid
Urocanic Acid: 4-Imidazoleacrylic acid.. urocanic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of hidtidine.. trans-urocanic acid : A urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has E configuration.		2.6530urocanic acidhuman metabolite
cotinine
Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.		6.71201N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid		antidepressant;
biomarker;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
7-acetoxycoumarin
7-acetoxycoumarin: structure in first source		2.110
flunarizine
Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.		2.0710diarylmethane
thiothixene
[no description available]		4.2650N-methylpiperazineanticoronaviral agent
eszopiclone
Eszopiclone: A pyridine, pyrazine, and piperazine derivative that is used as a HYPNOTIC AND SEDATIVE in the treatment of INSOMNIA.. eszopiclone : The (5S)- (active) enantiomer of zopiclone. Unlike almost all other hypnotic sedatives, which are approved only for the relief of short-term (6-8 weeks) insomnia, eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for long-term use.		3.2310zopiclonecentral nervous system depressant;
sedative
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		9.73800aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
hypocrellin b
hypocrellin B: photosensitive pigments isolated from Hypocrella bambusae Sacc; structure given in first source		2.1710
benztropine
Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.		4.2850diarylmethane
thiouracil
Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.		4.5580nucleobase analogue;
thiocarbonyl compound		antithyroid drug;
metabolite
5-(4-ethylbenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one
[no description available]		2.1510
methimazole
Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.		4.76901,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thionesantithyroid drug
sulindac
Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.		6.18130monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		analgesic;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent
capsaicin
ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.		4.7990capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
enclomiphene
Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.		6.7752
terbinafine
[no description available]		4.4360acetylenic compound;
allylamine antifungal drug;
enyne;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
epalrestat
epalrestat : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy.		2.1310monocarboxylic acid;
thiazolidines		EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
1,4-benzoquinone guanylhydrazone thiosemicarbazone
1,4-benzoquinone guanylhydrazone thiosemicarbazone: structure given in first source		2.0410
chlorogenic acid
caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		4.1631cinnamate ester;
tannin		food component;
plant metabolite
thioguanine anhydrous
Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		5.671502-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
ethylenethiourea
Ethylenethiourea: A degradation product of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) fungicides. It has been found to be carcinogenic and to cause THYROID hyperplasia.		7.1110imidazolidines
(1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride
(1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.4620hydrochloride
tacrine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510
thiourea
Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.		3.3370one-carbon compound;
thioureas;
ureas		antioxidant;
chromophore
sodium propionate
sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.		2.0510organic sodium saltantifungal drug;
food preservative
D-fructopyranose
[no description available]		6.75330cyclic hemiketal;
D-fructose;
fructopyranose		sweetening agent
thioacetamide
Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.		2.4620thiocarboxamidehepatotoxic agent
unithiol
Unithiol: A chelating agent used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning.		1.9510
ferric ferrocyanide
ferric ferrocyanide: antidote to thallium poisoning; RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:4] salt; structure		4.460
succimer
Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning.		3.2310dicarboxylic acid;
dithiol;
sulfur-containing carboxylic acid		chelator
digoxin
Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.		6.08160cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
streptozocin
[no description available]		4.2650
fumonisin b1
fumonisin B1: isolated from Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting activity; inhibits ceramide synthase. fumonisin B1 : A diester that results from the condensation of the 1-carboxy groups of two molecules of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid with hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 of (2S,3S,5R,10R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,5,10,14,15-pentol.		10.0270diester;
fumonisin;
primary amino compound;
triol		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite
tamoxifen
[no description available]		8.92242stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
sodium taurodeoxycholate
Taurodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.. taurodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.. taurodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurodeoxycholic acid.		210bile acid taurine conjugatehuman metabolite
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride: structure in first source		2.110
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate: structure in first source		7.1510
nadp
[no description available]		8.931910
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)		2.1710
ethionamide
Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.		4.2350pyridines;
thiocarboxamide		antilipemic drug;
antitubercular agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor;
leprostatic drug;
prodrug
5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine
5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine: structure in first source. 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine : A tetramethylrhodamine compound having a carboxy substituent at the 5-position		2.2110xanthenesfluorochrome
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2h-tetrazolium
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium: structure given in first source		2.1510
1-pyrenemethylamine
[no description available]		7.2110
cancidas
[no description available]		3.2310
methyl-thiohydantoin-tryptophan
methyl-thiohydantoin-tryptophan: structure in first source		2.1710organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
zeranol
Zeranol: A non-steroidal estrogen analog.		2.0410macrolide
fusidic acid
Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.		2.382011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
steroid acid;
steroid antibiotic;
sterol ester		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
scopolamine
[no description available]		2.07103-hydroxy carboxylic acid
hby 097
HBY 097: a quinoxaline derivative		2.0410
lincomycin
Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.		3.9740carbohydrate-containing antibiotic;
L-proline derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
S-glycosyl compound		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
valinomycin
Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.		3.2360cyclodepsipeptide;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
antiviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
thiopental
Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		2.0410barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative;
xenobiotic
estrone sulfate
estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.442017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ranitidine
Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.		4.7350C-nitro compound;
furans;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
H2-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
aplaviroc
aplaviroc: a spiro-diketo-piperazine; a potent noncompetitive allosteric antagonist of the CCR5 receptor with concomitantly potent antiviral effects for HIV-1; structure in first source		3.5920
hmr 3647
[no description available]		4.2750
maraviroc
[no description available]		3.5920tropane alkaloid
toremifene
Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.		4.0840aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amine		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
telaprevir
[no description available]		2.4820cyclopentapyrrole;
cyclopropanes;
oligopeptide;
pyrazines		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
peptidomimetic
nelarabine
nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G).		3.2310beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
prodrug
pica
Pica: The persistent eating of non-nutritive substances for a period of at least one month.		4.3980
lithium
Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.		7.92261alkali metal atom
prosultiamine
prosultiamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9310
albutoin
albutoin: structure		2.0410organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
iodothiouracil
[no description available]		2.0410organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
cobaltous chloride
cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.		2.1510cobalt salt;
inorganic chloride		allergen;
calcium channel blocker;
sensitiser;
two-colour indicator
nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.		3.1440nitrogen oxide
thiouridine
Thiouridine: A photoactivable URIDINE analog that is used as an affinity label.. 4-thiouridine : A thiouridine in which the oxygen replaced by sulfur is that at C-4.		1.9510nucleoside analogue;
thiouridine		affinity label;
antimetabolite
dermatan sulfate
Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.		3.2310amino disaccharide;
glycosylgalactose derivative;
iduronic acids;
oligosaccharide sulfate
nizatidine
Nizatidine: A histamine H2 receptor antagonist with low toxicity that inhibits gastric acid secretion. The drug is used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers.. nizatidine : A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles having a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at position 2 and an alkylthiomethyl moiety at position 4.		2.1310
droloxifene
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
dolasetron
[no description available]		3.2310indolyl carboxylic acid
or 1259
[no description available]		2.0510hydrazone;
nitrile;
pyridazinone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
almokalant
almokalant: structure given in first source		2.0710
gestodene
Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer		2.0510steroidestrogen
orlistat
Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.		9.5570beta-lactone;
carboxylic ester;
formamides;
L-leucine derivative		anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
idoxifene
idoxifene: structure given in first source		2.0510stilbenoid
quinine
[no description available]		4.4360cinchona alkaloidantimalarial;
muscle relaxant;
non-narcotic analgesic
methyl radical
[no description available]		2.4820organic radical
2-ketogluconate
2-ketogluconate: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 2-dehydro-D-gluconic acid : A ketoaldonic acid that is D-gluconic acid in which the hydroxy group at position 2 has been oxidised to a keto group.		1.9310keto-D-gluconic acidbacterial metabolite
n(alpha)-(4-amino-4-deoxy-n(10)--methylpteroyl-n(epsilon)-4'-fluoresceinthiocarbamoyl)-l-lysine trihydrate
fluoresceinated methotrexate: inhibits tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase; fluorescent dihydrofolate reductase probe for studies of methotrexate resistance; structure given in first source		4.3360
cystine
[no description available]		7.38221
methenolone
Methenolone: A synthetic steroid that has been used for its anabolic action.		3.73213-hydroxy steroidandrogen
fospropofol
[no description available]		3.2310alkylbenzene
vx-745
[no description available]		2.0710aryl sulfide;
dichlorobenzene;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidopyridazine		anti-inflammatory drug;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
rasagiline
[no description available]		3.2310indanes;
secondary amine;
terminal acetylenic compound		EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
safingol
safingol: RN given refers to the (R-(R*,S*))-isomer		2.0210amino alcohol
deracoxib
SC 046: structure in first source. deracoxib : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3, and 5 by 4-sulfamoylphenyl, difluoromethyl and 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl groups, respectively. A selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it is used in veterinary medicine for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs.		2.0710organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dasatinib
N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).		3.9301,3-thiazoles;
aminopyrimidine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
2-aminohippuric acid
[no description available]		2.0710N-acylglycine
tert-butoxy
tert-butoxy: structure given in first source		2.1510
oxalylglycine
oxalylglycine: structure given in first source. N-oxalylglycine : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is iminodiacetic acid with an oxo substituent. It is used as an inhibitor of alpha-ketoglutarate dependent (EC 1.14.11.*) enzymes.		2.110amino dicarboxylic acid;
N-acylglycine		EC 1.14.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, incorporating 1 atom each of oxygen into both donors) inhibitor
phosphoadenosine diphosphoribose
phosphoadenosine diphosphoribose: RN given refers to (D-ribofuranose)-cpd; N1 refers to (beta-D-ribofuranose)-isomer		1.9610
carbonyl 3-chlorophenylhydrazone
carbonyl 3-chlorophenylhydrazone: inhibitor of ATP synthesis; inhibits iron-containing nitrile hydratases		2.0810
rubreserine
rubreserine: degradation product of physostigmine; structure given in first source		2.0710
pelargonidin-3-glucoside
pelargonidin-3-glucoside: structure given in first source; RN given for chloride salt; RN for parent cpd not available 1/93. pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside chloride : A member of the class of anthocyanin chlorides that has pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside as the cationic counterpart.		2.2510anthocyanin chlorides
3-aminopyridine adenine dinucleotide
3-aminopyridine adenine dinucleotide: structure		1.9610
4-azidophenylalanine
4-azidophenylalanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. 4-azido-L-phenylalanine : A 4-azidophenylalanine that has L-configuration. It is used as a bioorthogonal click-chemistry reagent.. 4-azidophenylalanine : A phenylalanine derivative that is phenylalanine substituted by an azido group at position 4.		2.2110
n-(4-acetamidobenzoyl)-l-glutamic acid
N-(4-acetamidobenzoyl)-L-glutamic acid: folic acid urinary catabolite		5.88132
zd 6474
CH 331: structure in first source		2.5220aromatic ether;
organobromine compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines;
secondary amine		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium iii
tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium III: RN refers to trichloride		2.0810
calixarenes
Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name.		3.0340
dipyrromethene
dipyrromethene: structure in first source. dipyrrin : A dipyrrin that consists of pyrrole bearing a pyrrol-2-ylidenemethyl substituent at the 2-position.		2.0810dipyrrins
mycobactin
mycobactins: cell wall iron transporting growth factor from Mycobacterium tuberculosis		3.2310
cytellin
cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982		3.7721
phosphonic acid
phosphonic acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of a single pentavalent phosphorus covalently bound via single bonds to a single hydrogen and two hydroxy groups and via a double bond to an oxygen. The parent of the class of phosphonic acids.		2.1710
ginsenosides
ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.		2.830
silybin
[no description available]		2.0510
alatrofloxacin
alatrofloxacin: prodrug of trovafloxacin		2.0610
phosphothreonine
Phosphothreonine: The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.. O-phospho-L-threonine : A L-threonine derivative phosphorylated at the side-chain hydroxy function.		1.9310L-threonine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
O-phosphoamino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.		3.150
rs-130830
RS-130830: orally-active broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor		2.0710
sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.		3.4780organic sodium saltdetergent;
protein denaturant
galactomannan
galactomannan: a galectin inhibitor. galactomannan : A heteroglycan consisting of a mannan backbone with galactose side groups.		2.4110oligosaccharide
mtt formazan
MTT formazan: a blue MEM-insoluble mitochondrial byproduct; used to determine viability of cells with active mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes		2.0510
chloramine-t
chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.		2.0510organic sodium saltallergen;
antifouling biocide;
disinfectant
l 152804
L 152804: structure in first source		2.0310xanthenes
zinc protoporphyrin ix
[no description available]		6.9943
alpha-chymotrypsin
Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.		4.4990
17-ketosteroids
17-Ketosteroids: Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.. 17-oxo steroid : Any oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17.		2.6330
naphthoquinones
Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.		4.9891
am 630
iodopravadoline: an aminoalkylindole; a competitive cannabinoid receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.0510N-acylindole
sodium borohydride
sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9710inorganic sodium salt;
metal tetrahydridoborate
1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
[no description available]		210
alpha-carotene
alpha-carotene: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer; see also related record beta-carotene. alpha-carotene : A cyclic carotene with a beta- and an epsilon-ring at opposite ends respectively.		6.65102carotenoid beta-end derivative;
cyclic carotene		plant metabolite;
provitamin A
sitagliptin
sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		3.620triazolopyrazine;
trifluorobenzene		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
hypoglycemic agent;
serine proteinase inhibitor;
xenobiotic
osteoprotegerin
Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.		4.1431long-chain fatty acid
3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol
3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol: (-)-CP-55,940 and (+)-CP-56,667 are enantiomers; RN refers to CP-55,940		2.0510alkylbenzene;
ring assembly
flosequinan
[no description available]		2.0510quinolines
rhodamine 123
Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.		2.4520organic cation;
xanthene dye		fluorochrome
tolcapone
Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.		4.67802-nitrophenols;
benzophenones;
catechols		antiparkinson drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
myelin basic protein
Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.		7.0510
2-mercaptoacetate
2-mercaptoacetate: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1310monocarboxylic acid anion
sphingosine
sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.		2.4120sphing-4-eninehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
quercetin
[no description available]		5.671617-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
bilirubin
[no description available]		7.5411biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		5.14101prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		4.9481monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
apigenin
Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.		2.0110trihydroxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
luteolin
[no description available]		7.66203'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
linoleic acid
Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.		7.3393octadecadienoic acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
plant metabolite
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		13.45132D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
vitamin k semiquinone radical
vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.		12.431602
beta carotene
beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.		16.4812019carotenoid beta-end derivative;
cyclic carotene		antioxidant;
biological pigment;
cofactor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
provitamin A
retinol palmitate
retinol palmitate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. retinyl palmitate : A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.. all-trans-retinyl palmitate : An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.		2.9540all-trans-retinyl ester;
retinyl palmitate		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
hymecromone
Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.		2.4110hydroxycoumarinantineoplastic agent;
hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
alprostadil
[no description available]		5.1150prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
vitamin d 2
Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.		6.52140hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-ergostane;
vitamin D		bone density conservation agent;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
rodenticide
stigmasterol
stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol: isolated from freeze-dried powder of Blackberries (Rubus ursinus L.) which showed an activity on inhibition of chemocarcinogen. stigmasterol : A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions.		3.75213beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
phytosterols;
stigmastane sterol		plant metabolite
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.		11.24323D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone		geroprotector;
human metabolite
rutin
Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.		3.3970disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
kaempferol
[no description available]		2.13107-hydroxyflavonol;
flavonols;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.		2.2110prostaglandins Falphahuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
11-dehydro-thromboxane b2
11-dehydro-thromboxane B2: structure given in first source. 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 : A thromboxane obtained by formal oxidation of the hemiacetal hydroxy function of thromboxane B2.		2.0710thromboxanehuman metabolite
zeaxanthin
Zeaxanthins: Carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables. Zeaxanthin accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.		5.2741carotenolantioxidant;
bacterial metabolite;
cofactor
alpha-linolenic acid
linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.		8.2473linolenic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
genistein
[no description available]		6.461407-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		9.3460antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid
Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.		2.4520oxapenamantibacterial drug;
anxiolytic drug;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort
Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.		4.064011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic acetal;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
drug allergen
oxymetholone
Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.		4.1950
eprosartan
eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.		4.0840dicarboxylic acid;
imidazoles;
thiophenes		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
montelukast
montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		4.4360aliphatic sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
mivacurium
Mivacurium: An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent.		3.2310isoquinolines
timolol maleate
(S)-timolol maleate : The maleic acid salt of the active (S)-enantiomer of timolol, comprising equimolar amounts of (S)-timolol and maleic acid.		2.4620maleate saltanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
brompheniramine maleate
brompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		2.4620maleate saltanti-allergic agent
chlorpheniramine maleate
[no description available]		2.4620organic molecular entity
clemastine fumarate
clemastine fumarate : The fumaric acid salt of clemastine. An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.		2.4620fumarate saltanti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
methylergonovine maleate
[no description available]		2.4620ergoline alkaloidgeroprotector
hemabate
carboprost tromethamine : The tromethamine salt of carboprost. It is used as an abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.		3.2310
ethchlorvynol
Ethchlorvynol: A sedative and hypnotic that has been used in the short-term management of INSOMNIA. Its use has been superseded by other drugs.. ethchlorvynol : Propargyl alcohol in which the methylene hydrogens are substituted by ethyl and 2-chlorovinyl groups. A hypnotic and sedative, it is used for treatment of insomnia in some cases where an intolerance or allergy to more commonly used drugs exists.		2.0410
mycophenolate mofetil
mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		3.5920carboxylic ester;
ether;
gamma-lactone;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
entacapone
entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.		7.511142-nitrophenols;
catechols;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
paricalcitol
[no description available]		3.2310hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane		antiparathyroid drug
cyclobenzaprine
punicic acid: a conjugated linolenic acid. (9Z,11E,13Z)-octadecatrienoic acid : A 9,11,13-octadecatrienoic acid having its double bonds in cis, trans and cis configurations, respectively. It has been isolated from pomegranate (Punica granatum).		2.25109,11,13-octadecatrienoic acidantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
astaxanthine
astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.		6.2352carotenol;
carotenone		animal metabolite;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
food colouring;
plant metabolite
canthaxanthin
Canthaxanthin: A trans-carotenoid pigment widely distributed in nature. The compound is used as an oral suntanning agent and as a food and drug coloring agent. Oral ingestion of the compound causes canthaxanthin retinopathy.. canthaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene bearing two oxo substituents at positions 4 and 4'.		2.0110carotenonebiological pigment;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food colouring;
fungal metabolite
cryptoxanthins
Cryptoxanthins: Mono-hydroxylated xanthophylls formed from the hydroxylation of BETA-CAROTENE. Isomers include: beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha-cryptoxanthin, and zeinoxanthin. The alpha- and beta-cryptoxanthin are provitamin A precursors.. beta-cryptoxanthin : A carotenol that exhibits antioxidant activity. It has been isolated from fruits such as papaya and oranges.		3.4870carotenolantioxidant;
biomarker;
plant metabolite;
provitamin A
lutein
Lutein: A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.. xanthophyll : A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes.		14.23202carotenolfood colouring;
plant metabolite
mezerein
mezerein: toxic component of plant Daphne mezereum with anti-leukemic activity against P-388 & P-1210 in mice; can act as a tumor promoter; RN given refers to (12beta(E,E))-isomer; structure		2.3920diterpenoid
strigol
strigol: a strigolactone from roots of various PLANTS; it stimulates seed germination of parasitic STRIGA and OROBANCHE; structure in first source. strigol : A strigolactone in which the tricyclic lactone moiety bears a hydroxy substitutuent at the position para to the gem-dimethyl group.		2.1510indenofuran;
secondary alcohol;
strigolactone
humulene
humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.		2.9340alpha-humulene
oleuropein
oleuropein: iridoid isolated from leaves and fruit of Olea and Ligustrum (Oleaceae). oleuropein : A secoiridoid glycoside that is the methyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by hydroxy, ethylidene, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively and in which the anomeric hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside and the carboxylic acid moiety of the carboxymethyl substituent has been converted to the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (the 2S,3E,4S stereoisomer). The most important phenolic compound present in olive cultivars.		2.2110beta-D-glucoside;
catechols;
diester;
methyl ester;
pyrans;
secoiridoid glycoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
baicalein
[no description available]		2.1110trihydroxyflavoneangiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hormone antagonist;
plant metabolite;
prostaglandin antagonist;
radical scavenger
chrysin
chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.		2.21107-hydroxyflavonol;
dihydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
diosmin
[no description available]		2.0510dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone;
rutinoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant
fisetin
[no description available]		2.69203'-hydroxyflavonoid;
7-hydroxyflavonol;
tetrahydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
metabolite;
plant metabolite
3-methylquercetin
isorhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by a methoxy group.		2.13107-hydroxyflavonol;
monomethoxyflavone;
tetrahydroxyflavone		anticoagulant;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
metabolite
myricetin
[no description available]		8.54707-hydroxyflavonol;
hexahydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
food component;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
coumestrol
Coumestrol: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.. coumestrol : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9.		2.0610coumestans;
delta-lactone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
daidzein
[no description available]		3.1107-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
pterostilbene
[no description available]		2.4110diether;
methoxybenzenes;
stilbenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
hypoglycemic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
neurotransmitter;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
cynarine
cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent		2.0510alkyl caffeate ester;
quinic acid		plant metabolite
caffeic acid phenethyl ester
phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.		7.3110alkyl caffeate esteranti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
shogaol
shogaol: from ginger, ZINGIBER OFFICINALE; less mutagenic than GINGEROL; structure given in first source		2.1710enone;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols
maytansine
Maytansine: An ansa macrolide isolated from the MAYTENUS genus of East African shrubs.. maytansine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound and 19-membered macrocyclic lactam antibiotic originally isolated from the Ethiopian shrub Maytenus serrata but also found in other Maytenus species. It exhibits cytotoxicity against many tumour cell lines.		3.8730alpha-amino acid ester;
carbamate ester;
epoxide;
maytansinoid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organochlorine compound		antimicrobial agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
ellagic acid
[no description available]		2.0810catechols;
cyclic ketone;
lactone;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol		antioxidant;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
flupenthixol
cis-flupenthixol : A flupenthixol in which the double bond adopts a cis-configuration.		2.4520flupenthixoldopaminergic antagonist
sdz psc 833
valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215		2.7130homodetic cyclic peptide
estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide
17beta-estradiol 17-glucosiduronic acid : A steroid glucosiduronic acid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having a beta-glucuronyl residue attached at position 17 via a glycosidic linkage.		3.28603-hydroxy steroid;
steroid glucosiduronic acid
l 660,711
[no description available]		2.9340quinolines
prostaglandin a1
[no description available]		2.730prostaglandins A
coenzyme q10
coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.		13.93154ubiquinonesantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite
anandamide
anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.		2.4620endocannabinoid;
N-acylethanolamine 20:4		human blood serum metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
pheniramine maleate
Naphcon A: tradename; contains above compounds; ophthalmic solution		2.0710organic molecular entity
rokitamycin
rokitamycin: structure in first source		2.0410organic molecular entity
tranilast
tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.		3.5320amidobenzoic acid;
cinnamamides;
dimethoxybenzene;
secondary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
calcium channel blocker;
hepatoprotective agent;
nephroprotective agent
clinprost
TEI 9090: structure given in first source		3.3510
7432 s
Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.		3.5120cephalosporin;
dicarboxylic acid		antibacterial drug
4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.		3.93130stilbenoid
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha
8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.		2.9840F2-isoprostanebiomarker;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
4-hydroxyestradiol
4-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen. 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 4.		2.01104-hydroxy steroidmetabolite
etretinate
retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.		2.6930enoate ester;
ethyl ester;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
isotretinoin
Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.		9.18165retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
teratogenic agent
misoprostol
Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.		2.7430
epoprostenol
[no description available]		3.5820prostaglandins Imouse metabolite
indocyanine green
[no description available]		3.23101,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
ozagrel
ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer		2.0510cinnamic acids
triprolidine
Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.		3.8630N-alkylpyrrolidine;
olefinic compound;
pyridines		H1-receptor antagonist
pitavastatin
pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.		3.5920cyclopropanes;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
quinolines;
statin (synthetic)		antioxidant
cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride
cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride : The dihydrochloride salt of cis-flupenthixol.		2.0510hydrochloridegeroprotector
ethamolin
monoethanolamine oleate: used for treatment of pyogenic granuloma		3.2310long-chain fatty acid
alatrofloxacin mesylate
[no description available]		3.5920
homatropine
[no description available]		2.0710tropane alkaloid
prostaglandin i3
[no description available]		3.2110prostanoid
thromboxane b2
Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.		2.5220thromboxanes Bhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
menaquinone 6
menaquinone 6: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer		2.2510
codeine
[no description available]		4.0140morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
cyclosporine
ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF		4.86100homodetic cyclic peptideanti-asthmatic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antirheumatic drug;
carcinogenic agent;
dermatologic drug;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620organic molecular entity
phenylephrine hydrochloride
Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.		1.9310hydrochloride
natamycin
[no description available]		2.4520antibiotic antifungal drug;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyene antibiotic		antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial food preservative;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
ophthalmology drug
acitretin
Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.		5.9471acitretin;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
cloprednol
cloprednol: relative anti-inflammatory potency twice prednisolone; synthetic glucocorticoid; structure		2.041021-hydroxy steroid
cyproterone
Cyproterone: An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females.		2.442017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		androgen antagonist
dothiepin
[no description available]		2.0510dothiepin
estropipate
estropipate: used therapeutically in menopausal patients		3.5820piperazinium salt;
steroid sulfate
hydromorphone
Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.		3.2310morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
hydroxystilbamidine
hydroxystilbamidine: minor descriptor (63-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search STILBAMIDINES (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
levetiracetam
Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.		5.3390pyrrolidin-2-onesanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ly 163892
loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.		3.8630carbacephem;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
meprednisone
[no description available]		2.041021-hydroxy steroid
nabilone
nabilone: cannabinol deriv; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.2310
nalmefene
nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer		2.4620morphinane alkaloid
nalorphine
Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.		2.0510morphinane alkaloid
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		4.7450morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone
Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.		3.2310organic heteropentacyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
oxymorphone
Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)		3.8630morphinane alkaloid
vitamin k 1
Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.		8.08121phylloquinones;
vitamin K		cofactor;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
acepreval
acepreval: topical steroid used for skin disease therapy		2.0410corticosteroid hormone
proscillaridin
Proscillaridin: A cardiotonic glycoside isolated from Scilla maritima var. alba (Squill).		2.0410organic molecular entity
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		6.76110antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
topiramate
Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.		4.7990cyclic ketal;
ketohexose derivative;
sulfamate ester		anticonvulsant;
sodium channel blocker
trospium chloride
trospium chloride : An organic chloride salt of trospium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		3.2310
gamma-cyclodextrin
gamma-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of eight alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.		2.7930cyclodextrin
alvocidib
alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.		2.0510dihydroxyflavone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
seocalcitol
seocalcitol: structure given in first source		2.0510
fenretinide
Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.		3.5120monocarboxylic acid amide;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant
glycinamide ribonucleotide
glycinamide ribonucleotide: structure in first source		2.0110organophosphate oxoanion
geldanamycin
[no description available]		2.05101,4-benzoquinones;
ansamycin;
carbamate ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
cysteine protease inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		4.5880morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
oregon green 488 carboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.110xanthene dyeepitope;
fluorochrome
pyoverdin
pyoverdin: a partly cyclic octapeptide linked to a chromophore, derived from 2,3-diamino-6,7-dihydroxyquinoline, which confers color and fluorescence to the molecule; yellow-green pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; pyoverdin Pf from P. fluorescens; structure has been determined		2.2110
demycarosylturimycin h
[no description available]		2.0510
ar c67085mx
PSB-0413: a selective antagonist radioligand for platelet P2Y12 receptors		2.0710
benzphetamine
Benzphetamine: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222). benzphetamine : Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity.		3.5920amphetamines;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
appetite depressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
sympathomimetic agent
bibo 3457
BIBO 3304: BIBO-3457 is the inactive enantiomer		2.0310
bibp 3226
BIBP 3226: a selective non-peptide neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; BIBP-3435 is the S-enantiomer		2.0610
denopamine
denopamine: structure given in first source		2.0410dimethoxybenzene
deamino arginine vasopressin
Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptidediagnostic agent;
renal agent;
vasopressin receptor agonist
desoximetasone
Desoximetasone: A topical anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in DERMATOSES, skin allergies, PSORIASIS, etc.. desoximetasone : Dexamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position is substituted by hydrogen. A synthetic corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders, including skin allergies and psoriasis.		2.071011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
dexmedetomidine
[no description available]		3.2310medetomidinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sedative
goserelin
Goserelin: A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.		3.2310organic molecular entity
iloprost
Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.		3.6120carbobicyclic compound;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol		platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
lysophosphatidylcholines
lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.		2.86401-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
cytochalasin b
Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.		2.3720cytochalasin;
lactam;
lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
mycotoxin;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
nalbuphine
Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.		3.2310organic heteropentacyclic compoundmu-opioid receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic
nateglinide
Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		3.2310phenylalanine derivative
sb 223412
SB 223412: SB-223412 is the (S)-(-)-isomer; RN given for (S)-isomer; structure in first source		2.0710
vinorelbine
[no description available]		3.5920acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
ring assembly;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
silodosin
silodosin: an alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist; structure given in first source		3.2310indolecarboxamide
bisdemethoxycurcumin
curcumin III: structure in first source. bisdemethoxycurcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by 4-hydroxycinnamoyl groups.		2.2510beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
metabolite
andrographolide
[no description available]		2.4110carbobicyclic compound;
gamma-lactone;
labdane diterpenoid;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
antithiamine factor
antithiamine factor: from mustard seed; structure		1.9310hydroxycinnamic acid
furazolidone
[no description available]		2.7530
fluvoxamine
Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.		4.2650(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
ag-490
[no description available]		2.610catechols;
enamide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile;
secondary carboxamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
STAT3 inhibitor
semaxinib
semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.		2.0510olefinic compound;
oxindoles;
pyrroles		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
orantinib
orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.		2.0510
su 11248
[no description available]		5.0340monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrroles		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
neuroprotective agent;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
fosbretabulin
fosbretabulin: a microtubule destabilizing agent isolated from Combretum caffrum; structure in first source		3.0240
stilbamidine
stilbamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
lead
Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.		5.83350carbon group element atom;
elemental lead;
metal atom		neurotoxin
tin
[no description available]		2.730carbon group element atom;
elemental tin;
metal atom		micronutrient
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.		4.0940dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
indoles;
organofluorine compound
molsidomine
[no description available]		2.0510ethyl ester;
morpholines;
oxadiazole;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
antimony
Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.		2.3620metalloid atom;
pnictogen
cesium
Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.		2.6630alkali metal atom
octylmethoxycinnamate
[no description available]		2.4620cinnamate ester
barium
Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.		2.3520alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental barium
rubidium
Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.		2.3520alkali metal atom
aluminum
Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.		9.6180boron group element atom;
elemental aluminium;
metal atom
levorphanol
Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.		3.2310morphinane alkaloid
strontium
Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.		430alkaline earth metal atom
bismuth
Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.		8.0640metal atom;
pnictogen
arsenic
Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		14.47899metalloid atom;
pnictogen		micronutrient
indium
Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.		2.5220boron group element atom
naltrexone
Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.		4.6680cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.		3.87306-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthreneantitussive;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
oneirogen;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
gallium
Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.		2.8230boron group element atom
butorphanol
Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.		3.5820morphinane alkaloidantitussive;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
cefixime
[no description available]		4.0840cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
lisinopril
Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		4.0840dipeptideEC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazepril
benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.		3.8630benzazepine;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
lactam		EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
ramipril
Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.		8.8630azabicycloalkane;
cyclopentapyrrole;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester		bradykinin receptor B2 agonist;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor;
prodrug
verteporfin
(2R,2(1)S)-8-ethenyl-2(1),2(2)-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-17-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13-propanoic acid : The 2(1),2(2),17-trimethyl ester of (2R,2(1)S)-2(1),2(2)-dicarboxy-8-ethenyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13,17-dipropanoic acid.		3.2310
indinavir sulfate
Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.		4.5570dicarboxylic acid diamide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
piperazinecarboxamide		HIV protease inhibitor
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		6.89290chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
glyceryl behenate
1-behenoylglycerol : A fatty acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group at position-1 of glycerol with the carboxy group of docosanoic acid.		2.04101-monoglyceride;
fatty acid ester		antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
methylazoxymethanol acetate
Methylazoxymethanol Acetate: The aglycone of CYCASIN. It acts as a potent carcinogen and neurotoxin and inhibits hepatic DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis.		1.9810azoxy compound
zimeldine
Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)		4.2850styrenes
plastoquinone
[no description available]		2.4110plastoquinone
7-hydroxymethotrexate
[no description available]		8.5990folic acids
enalapril
Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).		14.895539dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
prodrug
vinblastine sulfate
[no description available]		2.4620
nitrofurazone
Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.		2.3820
trientine hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.8630
n-methylscopolamine bromide
scopolamine methobromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of scopolamine with methyl bromide.		3.2310
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).		2.17101,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine;
phosphatidylcholine 28:0;
tetradecanoate ester		antigen;
mouse metabolite
deoxyribose
[no description available]		2.0310deoxypentosehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fumarates
Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)		4.661butenedioate;
C4-dicarboxylate		human metabolite;
metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
beryllium
Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.		6.9410alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental beryllium;
metal allergen		adjuvant;
carcinogenic agent;
epitope
acetyl acetonate
[no description available]		2.110
bleomycin
[no description available]		3.5920bleomycinantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		15.5817615cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
silicon
Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].		8.79100carbon group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom
crotonic acid betaine
crotonic acid betaine: RN given refers to inner salt without isomeric designation		2.34204-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoate
7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate
7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate: component B of the methylcoenzyme M methylreductase system of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum; structure given in first source		1.9310L-threonine derivativecoenzyme
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		10.91330monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
boron
Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.		8.0440boron group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
heroin
Heroin: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed). heroin : A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.		1.9410morphinane alkaloidmu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
prodrug
dextromethorphan hydrobromide
dextromethorphan hydrobromide : The hydrobromide and monohydrate of the antitussive drug dextromethorphan.		2.4620hydrate;
hydrobromide
indinavir sulfate
[no description available]		2.0510azaheterocycle sulfate salt
enalaprilat anhydrous
Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.		3.8730dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source		3.2750
imidapril
imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.		2.0510dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
imidazolidines;
N-acylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
sulindac sulfone
sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor.		3.5320monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfone		apoptosis inducer;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
pepstatin
pepstatin: inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsin		2.4420pentapeptide;
secondary carboxamide		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor
ximelagatran
ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage.		4.0840amidoxime;
azetidines;
carboxamide;
ethyl ester;
hydroxylamines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary carboxamide		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
prodrug;
serine protease inhibitor
phytochlorin
phytochlorin: RN given refers to (2S-trans)-isomer; structure given in the first source		4.13130
cefuroxime
[no description available]		3.23103-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin;
furans;
oxime O-ether		drug allergen
ceftriaxone
[no description available]		3.86301,2,4-triazines;
1,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime
Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		3.2310cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug
pafuramidine
pafuramidine: a prodrug of furamidine		3.5920
ceftazidime
[no description available]		4.0840cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
monodehydroascorbate
semidehydroascorbic acid: structure		2.0510organic radicalmouse metabolite
trandolapril
trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.		3.8630dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
lespenefril
lespenefril: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. kaempferol 3,7-di-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl residues at positions 3 and 7 respectively via glycosidic linkages. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Vicia faba and Lotus edulis.		2.4110alpha-L-rhamnoside;
dihydroxyflavone;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bone density conservation agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
immunomodulator;
plant metabolite
troxerutin
troxerutin: used in treatment of venous disorders; structure; venoruton & oxerutin is a mixture of hydroxyethyl rutinosides		2.3820
pregabalin
Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.		3.2310gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker
tiotropium
tiotropium : A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by methylation of the tertiary amino group of (1alpha,2beta,4beta,5alpha,7beta)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.0(2,4)]nonane. Used (in the form of the bromide hydrate) for maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.		2.0710
alvimopan anhydrous
alvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain		3.2310peptide
cyanine dye 1
cyanine dye 1: RN given refers to iodide; structure		2.2510
aliskiren
aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position.		3.2310monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene		antihypertensive agent
naltrindole
naltrindole: delta opioid receptor antagonist		2.0510isoquinolines
guanabenz acetate
[no description available]		2.0510dichlorobenzenegeroprotector
guanabenz
Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.0710dichlorobenzene
famotidine
[no description available]		4.41601,3-thiazoles;
guanidines;
sulfonamide		anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
fenoterol
fenoterol hydrobromide : The hydrobromide salt of fenoterol. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.		2.4620hydrobromidebeta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent
bafilomycin a
[no description available]		1.9810
abscisic acid
Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.		7.83302-trans-abscisic acid
carbocyanines
Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.		5.09120cyanine dye;
organic iodide salt		fluorochrome
25-hydroxyvitamin d 2
25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2: 9,10-Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraene-3,25-diol. Biologically active metabolite of vitamin D2 which is more active in curing rickets than its parent. The compound is believed to attach to the same receptor as vitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.		4.8642hydroxycalciol;
seco-ergostane;
vitamin D		bone density conservation agent;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
nutraceutical
cefotaxime
Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.		3.86301,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
aztreonam
[no description available]		4.0840beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
monobactam		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
nw 1029
Ralfinamide: Sodium Channel Blocker; structure in first source		2.0710
urobilin
[no description available]		1.9410
cinidon-ethyl
Lotus: A genus of the PEA FAMILY. The genus Lotus, formerly known as Tetragonolobus, is unrelated to other plants with the common name of lotus (NELUMBO and NYMPHAEA).. cinidon ethyl : A carboxylic ester and organochlorine compound that is the ethyl ester of cinidon.		2.4110ethyl ester;
isoindoles;
monochlorobenzenes		herbicide
1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine
1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to (E,E)-isomer; member of a class of cationic lipid formulations called cytofectins		3.0440
ammonium sulfate
Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.		4.02150ammonium salt;
inorganic sulfate salt		fertilizer
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.		5.1170
proguanil
Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.		7.33133biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
rifamycin sv
rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.		2.4820acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol;
rifamycins		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
bacterial metabolite
muconomycin a
verrucarin A : A trichothecene antibiotic which incorporates a triester macrocyclic structure and an exocyclic methylene epoxide group.		2.3110epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
macrotriolide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
trichothecene
selenium
Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.		16.7612616chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
tellurium
Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.		4.13140chalcogen;
metalloid atom
trimethoxysilane
[no description available]		7.1310
triethyllead
triethyllead: RN given refers to parent cpd		7.0110
radium
Radium: A radioactive element of the alkaline earth series of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Radium is the product of the disintegration of URANIUM and is present in pitchblende and all ores containing uranium. It is used clinically as a source of beta and gamma-rays in radiotherapy, particularly BRACHYTHERAPY.		2.0210alkaline earth metal atom
oxalates
Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.		4.4370
aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, drug combination
aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, simethicone drug combination: antacid contains aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and simethicone; mylanta II contains aluminum/magnesium hydroxide mixture		2.1310
cefpodoxime
[no description available]		3.2310carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
palonosetron
Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.		3.2310azabicycloalkane;
delta-lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antiemetic;
serotonergic antagonist
(3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
Fluvastatin: An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.. (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.. fluvastatin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.		6.5353(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
epoprostenol sodium
[no description available]		2.0510prostanoid
diacetylmonoxime
diacetylmonoxime: used diagnostically for determining urea in blood; structure; myosin ATPase antagonist. diacetylmonoxime : A ketoxime obtained via formal condensation of butane-2,3-dione with hydroxylamine. It is a reversible myosin ATPase inhibitor.		2.0310
dihydroergotoxine
Dihydroergotoxine: A mixture of three different hydrogenated derivatives of ERGOTAMINE: DIHYDROERGOCORNINE; DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE; and DIHYDROERGOCRYPTINE. Dihydroergotoxine has been proposed to be a neuroprotective agent and a nootropic agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not clear, but it can act as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and a dopamine agonist. The methanesulfonate salts of this mixture of alkaloids are called ERGOLOID MESYLATES.		1.9510
enclomiphene citrate
[no description available]		2.0510
dizocilpine maleate
Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.		2.7330maleate salt;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
antimycin a
Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison.		2.3820amidobenzoic acid
diphenoxylate hydrochloride
diphenoxylate hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenoxylate.		2.4620hydrochlorideantidiarrhoeal drug
ferrous fumarate
ferrous fumarate: used in treatment of iron deficiency anemia; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt		15.39198dicarboxylic acid
s-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine: RN given refers to (L-Cys)-isomer; structure given in first source. S-(cis-1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine : An S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine in which the dichlorovinyl group has cis- (Z-) geometry.		1.9810S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine
dolichols
Dolichols: A class of polyprenols which contain approximately 20 isoprene residues. Although considered ISOPRENOIDS, they terminate with an alpha-saturated isoprenoid group at the hydroxy end of the molecule.		3.2310polyterpene
vitamin a2
vitamin A2: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. all-trans-3,4-didehydroretinol : A retinoid derived from 3,4-desaturation of the beta-ionone ring of all-trans-retinol.		2.0410retinoid;
vitamin A		human xenobiotic metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
rifaximin
[no description available]		3.2310acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterohexacyclic compound;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative		antimicrobial agent;
gastrointestinal drug;
orphan drug
latrunculin b
latrunculin B: 14-membered macrolide attached to 2-thiazolidinone moiety; from Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica; see also latrunculin A; structure given in first source. latrunculin B : A macrolide consisting of a 14-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica.		2.4520cyclic hemiketal;
macrolide;
oxabicycloalkane;
thiazolidinone		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
toxin
bafilomycin a1
bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source. bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus.		2.4220cyclic hemiketal;
macrolide antibiotic;
oxanes		apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
fungicide;
potassium ionophore;
toxin
ergonovine maleate
ergometrine maleate : A maleate salt resulting form the reaction of equimolar amounts of maleic acid and ergometrine. It is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.		2.4620maleate saltdiagnostic agent;
oxytocic
1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane
1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane: fluorescent probe for phospholipids; RN & structure given in first source		2.7430
dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine
dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine: chemical name in article is incorrect - phosphatidylethandamine instead of phosphatidylethanolamine. dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine : A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.		2.9940phosphatidylethanolamine
concanamycin a
concanamycin A: from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes S-45; inhibits vacuolar H+ ATPase. concanamycin A : A concanamycin in which the lactone ring contains 4 double bonds and is substituted by 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxy groups, 2 methoxy groups and an ethyl group.		2.0310carbamate ester;
concanamycin		antifungal agent;
EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor;
metabolite
thiazole orange
thiazole orange: structure given in first source. thiazole orange : A cyanine dye comprising the thiazole orange cation [1-methyl-4-[(3-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2(3H)-ylidene)methyl]quinolinium] with the p-tosylate counterion.		2.4720cyanine dyefluorochrome
neo-gambogic acid
neo-gambogic acid: from Gamboge (Garcinia hanburryi); structure given in first source		3.1440
ici d1542
ICI D1542: redirects arachidonic acid metabolism; an inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthetase and of thromboxane receptors		2.0710
everolimus
[no description available]		10.5740cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
ixabepilone
[no description available]		3.88301,3-thiazoles;
beta-hydroxy ketone;
epoxide;
lactam;
macrocycle		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
asialo gm1 ganglioside
[no description available]		1.9910
gavestinel
[no description available]		2.0710
axitinib
[no description available]		3.520aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
indazoles;
pyridines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
cgp-56697
Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination: Drug combination of artemether and lumefantrine that is used to treat PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA.		2.1710
i(3)so3-galactosylceramide
Sulfoglycosphingolipids: GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.. 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-N-tetracosanoylsphingosine : A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and tetracosanoyl as the N-acyl group.		1.9910galactosylceramide sulfate;
N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine
belotecan
belotecan: structure in first source		7.0510pyranoindolizinoquinoline
azlocillin
Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.		2.0510penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
tanespimycin
CP 127374: analog of herbimycin A		3.06401,4-benzoquinones;
ansamycin;
carbamate ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
Hsp90 inhibitor
ceftizoxime
[no description available]		3.2310cephalosporinantibacterial drug
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide
[no description available]		3.8730ergot alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide		serotonergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
beta-escin
[no description available]		4.551
s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine
S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.		2.4320nitroso compound;
nitrosothio compound		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
dantrolene sodium
dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene.		2.7530
nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.		5.42200imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
nifurtimox
Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.		2.0510nitrofuran antibiotic
gadolinium dtpa
Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)		4.01130gadolinium coordination entityMRI contrast agent
sq-23377
Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.		2.0310cyclic ether;
enol;
polyunsaturated fatty acid;
very long-chain fatty acid		calcium ionophore;
metabolite
fostriecin
fostriecin: compound contains a conjugated triene and an unsaturated lactone; from Streptomyces pulveraceus; structure given in second source. fostriecin : A structurally unique, naturally-occurring phosphate monoester isolated from the soil bacterium Streptomyces pulveraceus. It inhibits DNA topoisomerase II as well as several protein phosphatase including PP2A and PPA4, and exhibits potent antitumor activity against several cancer cell lines.		2.66302-pyranones;
olefinic compound;
phosphate monoester;
polyketide;
primary allylic alcohol;
secondary allylic alcohol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
topoisomerase II inhibitor
dantrolene
[no description available]		3.8730
roxithromycin
(E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.		2.0510roxithromycinenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cefdinir
[no description available]		3.2310cephalosporin;
ketoxime		antibacterial drug
etonogestrel
[no description available]		3.231017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin
edatrexate
edatrexate: structure given in first source		3.4880glutamic acid derivative
tipredane
[no description available]		2.07103-hydroxy steroidandrogen
beraprost
beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.		2.0510enyne;
monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary allylic alcohol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antihypertensive agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin receptor agonist;
vasodilator agent
lanreotide
[no description available]		2.0510
larotaxel
larotaxel: has antineoplastic activity		2.1510
temsirolimus
[no description available]		3.2310macrolide lactam
dutasteride
Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
lu 208075
ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension		4.140diarylmethane
bibx 1382bs
BIBX 1382BS: an ErbB receptor kinase inhibitor; no further information available 4/2001		3.5920substituted aniline
fesoterodine
fesoterodine: a muscarinic antagonist for treatment of overactive bladder		3.2310diarylmethane
bentiromide
bentiromide: chymotrypsin labile peptide used diagnostically as an index of exocrine pancreas function. bentiromide : The dipeptide obtained by condensation of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine with 4-aminobenzoic acid. Used as a noninvasive screening test for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and to monitor the adequacy of supplemental pancreatic therapy, it is given by mouth: the amount of 4-aminobenzoic acid and its metabolites excreted in the urine is taken as a measure of the chymotrypsin-secreting activity of the pancreas.		2.0710dipeptidediagnostic agent;
indicator;
reagent
isoborneol
isoborneol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.5220borneol
bromopyruvate
[no description available]		7.25102-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion
acetylcarnitine
O-acetyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.		2.0510O-acetylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
staurosporine
staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.		2.7230ammonium ion derivative
aminomethyltransferase
Aminomethyltransferase: A one-carbon group transferase that transfers lipoamide-linked methylamine groups to tetrahydrofolate (TETRAHYDROFOLATES) to form methylenetetrahydrofolate and AMMONIA. It is one of four components of the glycine decarboxylase complex.		2.4320
bufalin
bufalin: cardiotonic; powerful anesthetic & one of the active constituents of the Chinese drug ch'an su(senso); in Japan prepared from skin of Bufo bufo garfarizans; RN given refers to (3beta,5beta)-isomer. bufalin : A 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo.		7.572014beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid		animal metabolite;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
cardiotonic drug
hypericum
Hypericum: Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.. 6-formamidopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid having a (6R)-formamido substituent.		5.3870penicillanic acids
phosphocreatine
Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.		2.6530phosphagen;
phosphoamino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
taxane
taxane: produced by Taxomyces andreanae		3.8521diterpene;
terpenoid fundamental parent
chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.		2.7230biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent
formazans
Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.		2.0510
chlorproguanil
chlorproguanil: dichloro-derivative of chloroguanide; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.3511dichlorobenzene
nifurtoinol
nifurtoinol : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group.		2.0510hydrazone;
imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
gemifloxacin
Gemifloxacin: A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.. gemifloxacin : A 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position.		3.6201,8-naphthyridine derivative;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ps 15
PS 15: structure given in first source; inhibitor of tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase		210
dexlansoprazole
Dexlansoprazole: The R-isomer of lansoprazole that is used to treat severe GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.		3.2310benzimidazoles;
sulfoxide
fosinopril
[no description available]		3.8630
armodafinil
armodafinil : A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has R configuration at the sulfur atom. Like its racemate, modafinil, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. Peak concentration in the blood later occurs later following administration than with modafinil, so it is thought that armodafinil may be more effective than modafinil in treating people with excessive daytime sleepiness.		3.23102-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamidecentral nervous system stimulant;
eugeroic
utibapril
utibapril: structure given in first source; prodrug for FPL 63547 diacid		2.0710
ono4819
ONO4819: prostanoid receptor EP4 agonist		2.0710benzyl ether
eflucimibe
eflucimibe: a powerful and systemic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor		2.0510
lenvatinib
lenvatinib : A member of the class of quinolines that is the carboxamide of 4-{3-chloro-4-[(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)amino]phenoxy}-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxylic acid. A multi-kinase inhibitor and orphan drug used (as its mesylate salt) for the treatment of various types of thyroid cancer that do not respond to radioiodine.		2.7620aromatic amide;
aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
quinolines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist;
orphan drug;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
sincalide
Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.		3.2310oligopeptide
tapentadol
Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES.		3.2310alkylbenzene
etomoxir
[no description available]		2.4820aromatic ether
zd 9379
ZD 9379: structure given in first source		2.0710
ly 450139
[no description available]		2.0710peptide
ursodoxicoltaurine
tauroursodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. tauroursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.		2.4420bile acid taurine conjugateanti-inflammatory agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bone density conservation agent;
cardioprotective agent;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
ginsenoside m1
ginsenoside M1: structure in first source. ginsenoside C-K : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.		2.61012beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
gambogic acid
gambogic acid: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,1(Z),3abeta,5alpha,11beta,14aS*))-isomer		3.1440pyranoxanthonesmetabolite
ag 331
AG 331: structure given in second source		4.6330
pentagastrin
Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.		3.7930organic molecular entity
cangrelor
cangrelor: platelet P(2T) receptor antagonist. cangrelor : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is 5'-O-[({[dichloro(phosphono)methyl](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]adenosine carrying additional 2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl and (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfanyl substituents at positions N6 and C2 respectively. Used (in the form of its tetrasodium salt) as an intravenous antiplatelet drug that prevents formation of harmful blood clots in the coronary arteries.		2.5320adenosine 5'-phosphate;
aryl sulfide;
nucleoside triphosphate analogue;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
cabazitaxel
cabazitaxel: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source. cabazitaxel : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is 10-deacetylbaccatin III having O-methyl groups attached at positions 7 and 10 as well as an O-(2R,3S)-3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoyl group attached at position 13. Acts as a microtubule inhibitor, binds tubulin and promotes microtubule assembly and simultaneously inhibits disassembly.		7.9130tetracyclic diterpenoidantineoplastic agent;
microtubule-stabilising agent
flag peptide
FLAG peptide: engineered as a tag for immunoaffinity purification of genetically-engineered proteins; amino acid sequence given in first source; a polar octapeptide. FLAG peptide : An eight amino acid peptide consisting of L-aspartic acid, L-tyrosine, L-lysine, four L-aspartic acid residues, and L-lysine joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is widely used as a fusion tag for the purification and detection of a wide variety of recombinant proteins.		1.9910peptide
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		5.09140aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
sch 527123
[no description available]		2.0710
abt-770
ABT-770: structure in first source		2.0410
cefditoren
cefditoren: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (6R-(3(Z),6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefditoren : A broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with (Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Generally administered as its orally absorbed pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug, it is used for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections.		3.2310carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
cp 724714
2-methoxy-N-(3-(4-((3-methyl-4-((6-methyl-3-pyridinyl)oxy)phenyl)amino)-6-quinazolinyl)-2-propenyl)acetamide: CP-724714 is the ((2E)-isomer, 1:1.5 succinate); structure in first source		2.1102-methoxy-N-[3-[4-[3-methyl-4-[(6-methyl-3-pyridinyl)oxy]anilino]-6-quinazolinyl]prop-2-enyl]acetamideantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
bms453
BMS 189453: structure in first source. BMS-453 : A member of the class of dihydronaphthalenes that is 1,2-dihydronaphthalene which is substituted at positions 1, 1, 4, and 6 by methyl, methyl, phenyl, and 2-(p-carboxyphenyl)vinyl groups, respectively (the E isomer). It is a potent retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARbeta) agonist that acts as an antagonist against RARalpha and RARgamma.		2.0510benzoic acids;
dihydronaphthalenes;
stilbenoid		retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist;
retinoic acid receptor beta agonist;
retinoic acid receptor gamma antagonist;
teratogenic agent
lipid a
Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).		2.4620dodecanoate ester;
lipid A;
tetradecanoate ester		Escherichia coli metabolite
molindone hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620indoles
dapagliflozin
[no description available]		2.610aromatic ether;
C-glycosyl compound;
monochlorobenzenes		hypoglycemic agent;
sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
9-n-(1-propyl)erythromyclamine
9-N-(1-propyl)erythromyclamine: structure given in first source		2.0410
gentamicin sulfate
[no description available]		2.4620
piperacillin
5-(2-azetidinylmethoxy)-2-chloropyridine: affects neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; structure in first source		1.9910
tocotrienols
tocotrienol : A tocol in which the hydrocarbon chain at position 2 contains three double bonds.		2.0810diterpenoid
cediranib
[no description available]		3.2110aromatic ether
zeolites
[no description available]		3.3660
linaprazan
linaprazan: structure in first source		2.0710
chir 99021
Chir 99021: structure in first source. CHIR 99021 : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 2-aminopyrimidine substituted at positions N2, 5 and 6 by (5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)ethyl, 4-methylimidazol-2-yl and 2,4-dichlorophenyl groups respectively.		2.5220aminopyridine;
aminopyrimidine;
cyanopyridine;
diamine;
dichlorobenzene;
imidazoles;
secondary amino compound		EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor
g(m1) ganglioside
G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.		2.4120alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine;
sialotetraosylceramide
azacosterol
Azacosterol: Diaza derivative of cholesterol which acts as a hypocholesteremic agent by blocking delta-24-reductase, which causes the accumulation of desmosterol.		2.0410
phosphoramidite
phosphoramidite: structure in first source. phosphoramidite : A compound with the general formula (RO)2PNR2. Phosphoramidites can be regarded as phosphites that have an NR2 instead of an OH group, or as amides of phosphorous acid.		2.610
cystathionine
Cystathionine: Sulfur-containing amino acid formed as an intermediate in the conversion of METHIONINE to CYSTEINE.. cystathionine : A modified amino acid generated by enzymic means from homocysteine and serine.		10.83256cysteine derivative
pazopanib
pazopanib: a protein kinase inhibitor. pazopanib : A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.		5.7450aminopyrimidine;
indazoles;
sulfonamide		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
lecozotan
lecozotan: structure in first source		2.0710
azd 6244
AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor		2.0510benzimidazoles;
bromobenzenes;
hydroxamic acid ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
phenobarbital sodium
2-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid: an N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) antagonist		2.0510
prasugrel hydrochloride
Prasugrel Hydrochloride: A piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS.. prasugrel hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel hydrochloride. Used to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.		3.2310
dimethylarginine
dimethylarginine: structure in first source. dimethylarginine : An arginine derivative that is arginine substituted by two methyl groups. A "closed" class.		5.7473
vitamin u
Vitamin U: A vitamin found in green vegetables. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, colitis, and gastritis and has an effect on secretory, acid-forming, and enzymatic functions of the intestinal tract.. S-methyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-methyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.		2.1710methyl-L-methionine;
sulfonium betaine
artenimol
artenimol: derivative of antimalarial drug artemisinin (quinghaosu)		2.5720
ar c155858
AR C155858: an MCT1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0710
pik 75
PIK 75: structure in first source		2.0810
binimetinib
binimetinib : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole which is substituted at positions 4, 5, and 6 by fluorine, (4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)nitrilo, and N-(2-hydroxyethoxy)aminocarbonyl groups, respectively. It is a MEK1 and MEK2 inhibitor (IC50= 12 nM). Approved by the FDA for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600E or V600K mutation in combination with encorafenib.		4.5111benzimidazoles;
bromobenzenes;
hydroxamic acid ester;
monofluorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
alpha-synuclein
alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.		2.0510
7-aminoactinomycin d
7-aminoactinomycin D: staining reagent used in flow cytometry		2.1310
agosterol a
agosterol A: from marine sponge Spongia sp.		210
homatropine methylbromide
homatropine methylbromide: RN given refers to bromide (endo-(+-))-isomer		2.0410
oxadiazoles
Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.		2.8840
vinflunine
vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group.		2.0510acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent
baci-im
[no description available]		4.2650homodetic cyclic peptide;
polypeptide;
zwitterion		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent
cypate
Cypate: a fluorescent dye; structure in first source		2.3110
ribose
ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.		9.6690D-ribose;
ribopyranose
molybdenum carbide
molybdenum carbide: catalyst for the hydrodeoxygenation of vegetable oils		2.2110
acebutolol
alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.		8.0284alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
lactulose
Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). lactulose : A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.		3.1650
6-[[5-fluoro-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyanilino)-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]-2,2-dimethyl-4H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3-one
[no description available]		2.0710methoxybenzenes;
substituted aniline
erastin
erastin: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source. erastin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4(3H)-one in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 3 are replaced by 1-{4-[(4-chlorophenoxy)acetyl]piperazin-1-yl}ethyl and 2-ethoxyphenyl groups, respectively. It is an inhibitor of voltage-dependent anion-selective channels (VDAC2 and VDAC3) and a potent ferroptosis inducer.		2.2110aromatic ether;
diether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
quinazolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
ferroptosis inducer;
voltage-dependent anion channel inhibitor
abt-737
[no description available]		2.2510aromatic amine;
aryl sulfide;
biphenyls;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
bms 477118
[no description available]		3.2310adamantanes;
azabicycloalkane;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile;
tertiary alcohol		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
nystatin a1
Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.		4.2450nystatins
nutlin-3a
nutlin 3: an MDM2 antagonist; structure in first source		2.4820stilbenoid
monomethyl auristatin e
[no description available]		2.1110
cytidine diphosphate choline
[no description available]		2.4620nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s;
phosphocholines		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
milnacipran
[no description available]		3.2310acetamides
vindesine
[no description available]		2.0410
losartan potassium
Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.		15.218721
palmitoylcarnitine
Palmitoylcarnitine: A long-chain fatty acid ester of carnitine which facilitates the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from cytoplasm into mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.. O-palmitoyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group is specified as palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl).		1.9310O-palmitoylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine		EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
calcimycin
Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.		2.6730benzoxazole
veliparib
[no description available]		3.2110benzimidazolesEC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
ferryl iron
[no description available]		5.9321
sepharose
agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.		3.86120
indocyanine green
Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.		6.172611,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		4.0440
dactolisib
dactolisib: antineoplastic agent that inhibits both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mTOR. dactolisib : An imidazoquinoline that is 3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline substituted at position 1 by a 4-(1-cyanoisopropyl)phenyl group and at position 8 by a quinolin-3-yl group. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor used in cancer treatment.		2.6320imidazoquinoline;
nitrile;
quinolines;
ring assembly;
ureas		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
mTOR inhibitor
pituitrin
Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).		3.2510
pf 03491390
[no description available]		2.0510
monascin
monascin: a pigment isolated from Monascus pilosus fermented rice; has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source. monascin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 3a,4,8,9a-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,2-g][2]benzopyran-2,9(3H)-dione that is substituted at positions 3, 6, and 9a by hexanoyl, (1E)-prop-1-en-1-yl and methyl groups, respectively (the 3S,3aR,9aR diastereoisomer). One of the azaphilonoid pigments in extracts of Monascus pilosus-fermented rice (red-mould rice), it is a potent inhibitor of carcinogenesis measured against chemical- or UV-initiated, phorbol-promoted mouse skin tumours.		2.1710alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone;
gamma-lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
polyketide		antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
fungal metabolite;
PPARgamma agonist
tubulysin a
tubulysin A: has both antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities; structure in first source		2.0410carboxylic acid;
diester
tubulysin b
[no description available]		2.8430butyrate ester
phytosterols
Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.		5.7661
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		4.09160
erythrosine
Erythrosine: A tetraiodofluorescein used as a red coloring in some foods (cherries, fish), as a disclosure of DENTAL PLAQUE, and as a stain of some cell types. It has structural similarity to THYROXINE.. erythrosin B : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxido-3-oxo-8a,10a-dihydroxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid.		2.0710
jaw
[no description available]		2.0810indolecarboxamide
ankaflavin
ankaflavin: from Monascus-fermented red rice; structure in first source		2.1710
s-adenosylethionine
[no description available]		4.3911
nad
NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.		12.44680organophosphate oxoanioncofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
amodiaquine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4520
clindamycin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620S-glycosyl compound
cytochrome c-t
Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.		4.9100
melitten
Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes.		2.610
cholecystokinin
Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.		1.9510
bivalirudin
bivalirudin: designed to bind to the alpha-thrombin catalytic site and anion-binding exosite for fibrin(ogen) recognition. bivalirudin : A synthetic peptide of 20 amino acids, comprising D-Phe, Pro, Arg, Pro, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Asn, Gly, Asp, Phe, Glu, Glu, Ile, Pro, Glu, Glu, Tyr, and Leu in sequence. A congener of hirudin (a naturally occurring drug found in the saliva of the medicinal leech), it a specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, and is used as an anticoagulant.		3.2310polypeptideanticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
atrial natriuretic factor
Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.		2.0510polypeptide
tannins
gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).		2.0510tannin
enfuvirtide
Enfuvirtide: A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide that corresponds to the heptad repeat sequence of HIV-1 gp41. It blocks HIV cell fusion and viral entry and is used with other anti-retrovirals for combination therapy of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. enfuvirtide : A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide consisting of N-acetyltyrosyl, threonyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, histidyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, seryl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, glutaminyl, glutaminyl, alpha-glutamyl, lysyl, asparaginyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, leucyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, alpha-aspartyl, lysyl, tryptophyl, alanyl, seryl, leucyl, tryptophyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, and phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. An HIV fusion inhibitor, it was the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It interferes with entry of HIV into cells by binding to the gp41 sub-unit of the viral envelope glycoprotein, so inhibiting fusion of viral and cellular membranes.		3.2310
ganirelix
[no description available]		3.2310polypeptide
gastrins
Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.		4.88110
gramicidin a
Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.		2.0410
glucagon
Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.		3.9640peptide hormone
neuropeptide y
Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.		8.1850
teriparatide
[no description available]		3.2310polypeptide
salmon calcitonin
[no description available]		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone;
polypeptide		bone density conservation agent;
metabolite
tannins
Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.		2.0210
oligonucleotides
[no description available]		6.24140
anticodon
Anticodon: The sequential set of three nucleotides in TRANSFER RNA that interacts with its complement in MESSENGER RNA, the CODON, during translation in the ribosome.		2.0710
ly-146032
[no description available]		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptide;
lipopeptide antibiotic;
lipopeptide;
macrocycle;
macrolide		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
calcium-dependent antibiotics
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ilys-prolyl-alaninamide
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ILys-prolyl-alaninamide: FE-200486 is the acetate salt		3.2310polypeptide
c-peptide
C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.		5.4451
exenatide
[no description available]		3.2310
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		4.96390glycoside
quinine sulfate
[no description available]		2.4620hydrate
ferrous gluconate
ferrous gluconate: iron important in this cpd; RN given refers to ferrous cpd		5.1862
endothelin-1
Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)		10.9491
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		10.534171,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
a-83-01
A-83-01: an ALK-5 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.4820
4-thiouridylic acid
[no description available]		6.9510
chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.		5.27150chlorophyll;
methyl ester		cofactor
bismuth subsalicylate
bismuth subsalicylate: bismuth subsalicylate is the active ingredient of Pepto-Bismol and in Kaopectate; used to treat nausea, heartburn, indigestion, upset stomach, diarrhea and other temporary discomforts of the stomach; used with Azoles and other drugs to treat Helicobacter. bismuth subsalicylate : A bismuth salt of salicylic acid.		2.0610
thimerosal
Thimerosal: An ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate.. thimerosal : An alkylmercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent.		3.5620alkylmercury compoundantifungal drug;
antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
drug allergen
azd 7545
AZD 7545: an anilide tertiary carbinol; a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 inhibitor. AZD7545 : A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]sulfonyl, chloro and [(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]amino groups at positions 1, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a potent and non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDHK2) with IC50 of 6.4 nM and exhibits glucose-lowering activity. Also inhibits PDHK1 at higher levels (IC50 = 36.8 nM).		2.0710benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
secondary carboxamide;
sulfone;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary carboxamide		EC 2.7.11.2 - [pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
sodium salicylate
[no description available]		3.3411organic molecular entity
ubiquinone
Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.		11.39256
s-nitrosopenicillamine
S-nitrosopenicillamine: activates bovine coronary arterial & rat hepatic soluble guanylate cyclase		2.0510
calpain
Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.		2.1510
cefotiam hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
chitosan
[no description available]		8.472240
s-nitro-n-acetylpenicillamine
S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine: a NO donor		2.0210
mesna
Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.		5.2131organosulfonic acid
potassium aminobenzoate
[no description available]		2.4620
bucladesine
Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.		1.95103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
ampicillin sodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic sodium salt
cerivastatin sodium
cerivastatin sodium : The sodium salt of cerivastatin. Formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.		2.0510organic sodium salt;
statin (synthetic)
clavulanate potassium
potassium clavulanate : A potassium salt having clavulanate as the counterion. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes and has only weak anitbiotic activity when administered alone. However it can be used in combination with amoxicillin trihydrate (under the trade name Augmentin) for treatment of a variety of bacterial infections, where it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamases.		2.0710potassium saltantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
sodium hypochlorite
Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.		2.0310inorganic sodium saltbleaching agent;
disinfectant
cytomel
liothyronine sodium : The sodium salt of liothyronine. Thought to be more active than levothyroxine and with a rapid (few hours) onset and short duration of action, liothyronine sodium is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism, particularly in cases of hypothyroid coma.		2.0710organic sodium salt
taurocholic acid, monosodium salt
[no description available]		2.0410bile salt
sodium lactate
Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.		3.2310lactate salt;
organic sodium salt		food acidity regulator;
food preservative
monensin
[no description available]		2.0510
sodium iothalamate
[no description available]		3.2310
methicillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
nafcillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
oxacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic sodium salt
4-hydroxymercuribenzoate
[no description available]		2.3920
sodium nitrite
Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.		2.3920inorganic sodium salt;
nitrite salt		antidote to cyanide poisoning;
antihypertensive agent;
antimicrobial food preservative;
food antioxidant;
poison
penicillin g sodium
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
cefamandole nafate
cefamandole sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of cefamandole.		2.4620organic sodium saltantibacterial drug
sodium diatrizoate
histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		2.0510organic sodium salt;
organoiodine compound		radioopaque medium
potassium bromate
potassium bromate: used as bread improver		2.1110bromate salt;
potassium salt		flour treatment agent
methyl orange
methyl orange: indictor of pH with strong acids & bases; also used as reagent to form ion pairs with, and thereby isolate, certain compounds from biological material; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search AZO COMPOUNDS (75-86); file maintained to Azo cpds		2.3110
stearates
Stearates: Salts and esters of the 18-carbon saturated, monocarboxylic acid--stearic acid.		2.7630
cephapirin sodium
cephapirin sodium : The sodium salt of cephapirin. A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, it is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Being more resistant to beta-lactamases than penicillins, it is effective agains most staphylococci, though not methicillin-resistant staphylococci.		2.4620cephalosporin;
organic sodium salt		antibacterial drug
sodium cephalothin
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
sodium iodate
sodium iodate: RN given refers to iodic acid, Na salt		1.9810organic molecular entity
dicloxacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4620hydrate
sodium glutamate
Sodium Glutamate: One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor.. monosodium glutamate : An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid.		2.8940monosodium glutamateflavouring agent
ro13-9904
Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.		2.4820
azlocillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
(2-sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate
(2-sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate: RN given for Na salt		2.0210
sodium ethylxanthate
Sex: The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism.		3.7840
neoarsphenamine
neoarsphenamine: was MH 1963-92; NEOARSENOBENZOL & NOVARSENOBENZENE were see NEOARSPHENAMINE 1976-92; use ARSENICALS to search NEOARSPHENAMINE 1966-92; very toxic former antisyphilitic agent still used occasionally for infections, including those in animals; it produces skin sensitization & has become a tool in the study of immunologic tolerance as a hapten		7.3320
piperacillin, tazobactam drug combination
Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination: An antibiotic combination product of piperacillin and tazobactam, a penicillanic acid derivative with enhanced beta-lactamase inhibitory activity, that is used for the intravenous treatment of intra-abdominal, pelvic, and skin infections and for community-acquired pneumonia of moderate severity. It is also used for the treatment of PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA INFECTIONS.		2.1310
olaparib
[no description available]		4.2340cyclopropanes;
monofluorobenzenes;
N-acylpiperazine;
phthalazines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
s-adenosylmethionine
(R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.		17.5624114organic cation;
sulfonium compound		coenzyme;
cofactor;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
picrotoxin
Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.		2.3520
ethyl cellulose
[no description available]		7.5220glycoside
arabinogalactan
[no description available]		7.0510
intrinsic factor
Intrinsic Factor: A glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of VITAMIN B 12 (cyanocobalamin). Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY and ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS.		10.45691
niraparib
niraparib: structure in first source. niraparib : A 2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide that has S-configuration. It is a potent inhibitor of PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 3.8 and 2.1 nM, respectively) and approved as a first-line maintenance treatment for women with advanced ovarian cancer after responding to platinum-based chemotherapy.		2.6102-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamideantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
radiosensitizing agent
egg white
Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)		1.9410
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene
[no description available]		2.8230BODIPY compound
quetiapine fumarate
Quetiapine Fumarate: A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.		5.7263fumarate salt
chlorin e4
chlorin e4: RN given for (2S-trans)-isomer; structure in first source		2.110
cardiovascular agents
Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.		7.5292
cetrorelix
cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.		3.2310oligopeptideantineoplastic agent;
GnRH antagonist
nafarelin
Nafarelin: A potent synthetic agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with 3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanine substitution at residue 6. Nafarelin has been used in the treatments of central PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY and ENDOMETRIOSIS.. nafarelin : An oligopeptide comprising of 5-oxo-L-proline, L-histidine, L-tryptophan, L-serine, L-tyrosine, 3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanine, L-leucine, L-arginine and L-prolylglycinamide residues joined sequence by peptide linkages. It is a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist that is used to treat central precocious puberty in children and endometriosis in women.		2.9310oligopeptideanti-estrogen;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
neurotensin
neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91		3.7830peptide hormonehuman metabolite;
mitogen;
neurotransmitter;
vulnerary
incb-018424
[no description available]		4.6211nitrile;
pyrazoles;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
mannans
[no description available]		2.9130
mitotracker orange
mitotracker orange: used to monitor mitochondrial membrane potential		2.0210organic chloride saltfluorochrome
guanidinosuccinic acid
guanidinosuccinic acid: a metabolite in uremia; metabolic product of amino acid metabolism; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-amidino-L-aspartate(1-) : Conjugate base of N-amidino-L-aspartate arising from deprotonation of the carboxy groups and protonation of the guanidino group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.0210L-alpha-amino acid anion
peptones
Peptones: Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed)		2.8740
plx4032
[no description available]		2.3110aromatic ketone;
difluorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrrolopyridine;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
B-Raf inhibitor
a 967079
A 967079: a TRPA1 channel antagonist; structure in first source		2.0710
glycolipids
[no description available]		6.35121
pretubulysin
pretubulysin: from myxobacteria; structure in first source		2.1510
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		7.73172
pht 427
4-dodecyl-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source		2.0710
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		6.7791
dabrafenib
[no description available]		2.25101,3-thiazoles;
aminopyrimidine;
organofluorine compound;
sulfonamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
B-Raf inhibitor
colistin
Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.		1.9410
hydroxocobalamin
Hydroxocobalamin: Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY.		18.476111
exenatide
Exenatide: A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases CYCLIC AMP levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent.		3.6620
dinaciclib
[no description available]		2.2510pyrazolopyrimidine
encorafenib
encorafenib: a BRAF inhibitor		4.5111
oligomycin a
[no description available]		2.0610antibiotic antifungal agent;
diketone;
oligomycin;
pentol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor;
nematicide
natriuretic peptide, brain
Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.		4.6861polypeptide
heme
Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.		6150
heparitin sulfate
Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.		3.4111
heptafluorobutyl chloroformate
heptafluorobutyl chloroformate: used to derivatize amino acids		2.0410
dihydronicotinamide
[no description available]		210
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		22.0278355ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
raltegravir
[no description available]		3.23101,2,4-oxadiazole;
dicarboxylic acid amide;
hydroxypyrimidine;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidone;
secondary carboxamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
novobiocin
Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.		3.150carbamate ester;
ether;
hexoside;
hydroxycoumarin;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		14.7732
chlortetracycline
Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.		10.57181
oxytetracycline, anhydrous
Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.		5.24170
minocycline
Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.		4.7950
salicylates
Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.		6.11130monohydroxybenzoateplant metabolite
dicumarol
Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.		2.4720hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam
[no description available]		4.2650benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
acenocoumarol
Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.		2.7530C-nitro compound;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone		anticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
mobic
Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.		3.86301,3-thiazoles;
benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex
tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.		2.0510heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
isoxicam
isoxicam : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is piroxicam in which the pyrid-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the market in the 1980s following its association with cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		2.4620benzothiazine;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antirheumatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		12.35331benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
bephenium hydroxynaphthoate
bephenium hydroxynaphthoate: structure		2.0410
demeclocycline
Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.		3.2310
phenprocoumon
Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.		2.4520hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
tipranavir
tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.		3.8930sulfonamideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
chlortetracycline hydrochloride
Alexomycin: a thiopeptide; a cyclic peptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces arginensis isolated from the soil		2.4620
7-hydroxywarfarin
7-hydroxywarfarin: a warfarin metabolite		3.4411hydroxycoumarin
rolitetracycline
Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.		2.0510
sudoxicam
sudoxicam: proposed ant-inflammatory agent; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZINES (75-86)		2.0510
methacycline monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
hispidin
hispidin: metabolite of Basidiomycete Polyporus hispidus. hispidin : Fungal metabolite first found in basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus (formerly Polyporus hispidus).		7.31102-pyranones;
catechols		antioxidant;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite
minocycline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
demeclocycline hydrochloride
demeclocycline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of demeclocycline. A tetracycline antibiotic, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.		2.4620
tigecycline
[no description available]		3.2310
lornoxicam
lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.		2.0510heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gsk1265744
[no description available]		2.1710difluorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide		HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
s 1 (combination)
S 1 (combination): consists of tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxyuridine & potassium oxonate; an inhibitor of fluorouracil(5-FU) degradation; prolongs the blood 5-FU level as well as increases selective toxicity to tumor; used for the treatment of colon cancer		2.4220
dolutegravir
[no description available]		5.8192difluorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide		HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
gpi0100
GPI0100: quillaja saponin semi-synthetic analog; a systemic and mucosal adjuvant, has potential use in the development of vaccines against periodontal, as well as other pathogens		3.4711
epidermal growth factor
Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.		10.83120
clay
Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.		2.1310
charybdotoxin
[no description available]		2.0710
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		3.82100
phytoestrogens
Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS.		6.1180
carolacton
carolacton: damages biofilms; isolated from Sorangium cellulosum; structure in first source		2.1510terpene lactone
okadaic acid
Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.		2.4620ketal
aquacobalamin
[no description available]		1.9210
ajmaline
[no description available]		2.0510
agar
Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.		3.3370
glutaminase
[no description available]		1.9510
ginsenoside rg5
ginsenoside Rg5: a major constituent of steamed Ginseng; structure in first source		7.2110
cyclin d1
Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.		2.520
caseins
Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.		12.94372
fertinex
[no description available]		3.2310
teferrol
[no description available]		6.1952
oligomycins
Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).		3.0850
phthalocyanine
phthalocyanine : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that consists of four isoindole-type units, with the connecting carbon atoms in the macrocycle replaced by nitrogen.		3.1340phthalocyanines;
tetrapyrrole fundamental parent
tetraphenylporphine
tetraphenylporphyrin: structure in first source		2.4620
carubicin
Carubicin: A very toxic anthracycline-type antineoplastic related to DAUNORUBICIN, obtained from Actinomadura carminata.. carminomycin(1+) : An anthracyline cation that is the conjugate acid of carminomycin, obtained by protonation of the amino group.		1.9710anthracycline cation
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor		2.0310
nitrophenols
Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.		2.8940
bassianolide
bassianolide: cyclodepsipeptide from mycelia of Beauveria bassiana; inhibits isotonic contractions induced by acetylcholine. bassianolide : A cyclodepsipeptide consisting of a cyclic tetramer of the depsipeptide D-Hiv-N-methyl-L-leucine (where D-Hiv = D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid). Found in the fungal species Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii, it has insecticidal properties and is used as a commercial biopesticide to control of insects of agricultural, veterinary and medical significance. For elucidation of the structure, see Suzuki et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1977 v25, 2167-2170.		1.9910cyclodepsipeptide;
cyclooctadepsipeptide		antineoplastic agent;
fungal metabolite;
insecticide
indolicidin
[no description available]		2.1110
ferric oxide, saccharated
Ferric Oxide, Saccharated: A glucaric acid-iron conjugate that is used in the treatment of IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA, including in patients with chronic kidney disease, when oral iron therapy is ineffective or impractical.		3.8621
cobinamide
[no description available]		1.9710
cobamamide
cobamamide : A member of the class of cobalamins that is vitamin B12 in which the cyano group is replaced by a 5'-deoxyadenos-5'-yl moiety. It is one of the two metabolically active form of vitamin B12.		3.620
hyaluronoglucosaminidase
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.		1.9310
epoetin alfa
Epoetin Alfa: A recombinant glycosylated form of erythropoietin which stimulates the differentiation and proliferation of erythroid precursors. It is used for the treatment of ANEMIA associated with CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE in dialysis and predialysis patients.		5.5792
lipofectamine
Lipofectamine: mediates gene transfer; a polycationic lipid reagent		2.4820
nephrin
nephrin: gene nephrin is mutated in congenital nephrotic syndrome; amino acid sequence in first source; GenBank F19541; RefSeq NM_019459 (mouse), NM_004646 (human), NM_022628 (rat)		2.2510
ginkgolide b
[no description available]		1.9710
oridonin
[no description available]		2.2110
gibberellins
[no description available]		2.1510
vitamin b 12
Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.		30.625,926601
humulin s
Insulin, Regular, Human: Regular insulin preparations that contain the HUMAN insulin peptide sequence.. insulin (human) : An insulin that is produced in the pancreas and involved in regulating the metabolism of carbohydrates (particularly glucose) and fats. Commonly thought of as a protein, it consists of two peptide chains, one containing 21 amino acid residues and the other containing 30; the chains are joined together by 2 disulfide bonds. Recombinant insulin is identical to human insulin, but is synthesised by inserting the human insulin gene into E. coli, which then produces insulin for human use. It is used in the treatment of type I and type II diabetes.		4.2821
norgestrel
Norgestrel: A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis.		4.5961
transforming growth factor alpha
Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.		4.2150
as 1411
AGRO 100: an antineoplastic agent that inhibits nuclear factor-kappaB activation; base sequence in first source		2.5920
nickel ferrite
nickel ferrite : A mixed metal oxide with formula Fe2NiO4.		2.1310
dodecaborate
dodecaborate: RN given for disodium salt; structure in first source		2.2510
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		8.54204
flavin mononucleotide
Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.		7.31201
silybin
Silybin: The major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of HEPATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and CHEMICAL AND DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins A and B are diastereomers.		3.1310
cytochalasin d
Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis.		2.6930
2-methylisoborneol
2-methylisoborneol: structure. 2-methylisoborneol : An bornane monoterpenoid comprising isoborneol carrying a 2-methyl substituent (the 1R,2R,4R-diastereomer).		1.9710
peptide yy
Peptide YY: A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.. peptide YY : A 36-membered human gut polypeptide consisting of Tyr, Pro, Ile, Lys, Pro, Glu, Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ser, Pro, Glu, Glu, Leu, Asn, Arg, Tyr, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Leu, Arg, His, Tyr, Leu, Asn, Leu, Val, Thr, Arg, Gln, Arg and Tyr-NH2 residues joined in sequence.		2.7130
lactoferrin
Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.		570
digitonin
Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.		1.9510
edetic acid
solasodine: RN given refers to (3beta,22alpha,25R)-isomer; structure. solasodine : An oxaspiro compound and steroid alkaloid sapogenin with formula C27H43NO2 found in the Solanum (nightshade) family. It is used as a precursor in the synthesis of complex steroidal compounds such as contraceptive pills.		2.1110
oxybiotin
oxybiotin: structure in first source		1.9210
carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin
[no description available]		2.8130
orabase
Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers		3.1140
thromboplastin
Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.		4.8981
muramidase
Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.		5.6140
ansamitocins
ansamitocins: maytansinoid antibiotics produced by an actinomycete strain Norcardia sp. No. C-15003 (N-1); P-1 & P-2 identified with maytanacine & maytansinol propionate, respectively; structures for ansamitocins P-0, P-1, P-2, P-3, P-3', P-4 in second source		2.0710
amyloid beta-peptides
amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined		4.5451
chondroitin sulfates
Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.		2.9940
exudates
Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)		8.88246
technetium tc 99m dimercaptosuccinic acid
Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid: A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in the diagnostic imaging of the renal cortex.		2.1110
neuropeptide y (13-36)
[no description available]		2.0310
tetra(4-n-methylpyridyl)porphine
tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine: structure in first source		2.1510
entecavir
entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.		3.89302-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		4.54702-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
levoleucovorin
Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.		19.8695325-formyltetrahydrofolic acidantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
5-methyltetrahydrofolate
(6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid : A 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid that has 6S-configuration.		2105-methyltetrahydrofolic acid
6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin
2-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropteridin-4-one : A dihydropterin that is 7,8-dihydropteridin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 6 by amino and hydroxymethyl groups respectively.. 2-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropteridin-4-ol : A dihydropterin that is 7,8-dihydropteridin-4-ol substituted at positions 2 and 6 by amino and hydroxymethyl groups respectively.		2.7530dihydropterinSaccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyclic gmp
Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.		7.323413',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sepiapterin
sepiapterin: A substrate of sepiapterin reductase		2.3520sepiapterin
deoxyguanosine
[no description available]		6.93142purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyguanosine triphosphate
[no description available]		2.4320deoxyguanosine phosphate;
guanyl deoxyribonucleotide;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
7,8-dihydroneopterin
7,8-dihydroneopterin: an antioxidant. 7,8-dihydroneopterin : A neopterin where positions C-7 and C-8 have been hydrogenated.		2.3920dihydropterin;
neopterins		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydrofolate
dihydrofolic acid : A folic acid derivative acted upon by dihydrofolate reductase to produce tetrahydrofolic acid. It interacts with bacteria during cell division and is targeted by various drugs to prevent nucleic acid synthesis.		14.121660dihydrofolic acidsEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dihydroneopterin triphosphate
[no description available]		3.2660dihydropterin;
neopterins;
pterin phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanosine diphosphate
Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		2.6630guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine monophosphate
Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.		2.3110guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		6150guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine
[no description available]		16.58117212-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine
ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.		5.69100guanosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		fundamental metabolite
hypoxanthine
[no description available]		6.69211nucleobase analogue;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		fundamental metabolite
inosinic acid
Inosine Monophosphate: Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety.		2.6630inosine phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
inosine
[no description available]		3.690inosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sapropterin
sapropterin: RN given refers to parent cpd; co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthases. (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin : A 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration.. sapropterin : A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer).		11.714315,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterincoenzyme;
cofactor;
diagnostic agent;
human metabolite
dihydropteroate
dihydropteroate: structure. 7,8-dihydropteroic acid : A pteroic acid derivative arising from formal hydrogenation of the 7,8-double bond of pteroic acid.. 7,8-dihydropteroate : A pteroate that is the conjugate base of 7,8-dihydropteroic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.		4.4670pteroic acids
5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin
[no description available]		1.9910tetrahydromethanopterin
viomycin
[no description available]		2.0410heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide antibiotic		antitubercular agent
discadenine
[no description available]		3.1310
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate)
Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.		2.3920nucleoside triphosphate analogue
7,8-dihydrobiopterin
7,8-dihydrobiopterin: RN given refers to (S-(R*,S*))-isomer. 7,8-dihydrobiopterin : A dihydropterin that is biopterin dihydrogenated at positions 7 and 8.. L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin : A 7,8-dihydrobiopterin in which the 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group has (1R,2S)-configuration; naturally occurring form.		3.37707,8-dihydrobiopterin
10-formyldihydrofolate
10-formyldihydrofolate: methotrexate metabolite; inhibits thymidylate synthetase and glycinamide ribotide transformylase. 10-formyldihydrofolic acid : The 10-formyl derivative of dihydrofolic acid.		5.32100dihydrofolic acids
isoxanthopterin
[no description available]		1.9710dihydroxypteridine
pheophytin a
pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S*,11S*),4beta,21beta))-isomer		2.1310
neopterin
[no description available]		8.56343
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		5.41190cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine
Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.		4.96110benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
GABA antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
xenobiotic
dacarbazine
(E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		10.12130dacarbazine
didanosine
Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.		4.4360purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir
[no description available]		4.55702-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antiinfective agent;
antiviral drug
valacyclovir
Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.		3.2310L-valyl esterantiviral drug
sildenafil
sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.		4.2450piperazines;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
sulfonamide		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
olanzapine
Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.		5.1680benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
penciclovir
penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.		2.05102-aminopurines;
propane-1,3-diols		antiviral drug
pteroic acid
pteroic acid: structure		4.2180pteroic acid
oxypurinol
Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.		2.420pyrazolopyrimidinedrug metabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
zaprinast
zaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structure		2.0110triazolopyrimidines
raltitrexed
[no description available]		10.11501N-acyl-amino acid
nolatrexed
nolatrexed: structure given in first source; RN given refers to dihydrochloride		5.1380
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid: RN refers to parent cpd(L-Glu)-isomer		11.86545benzamides;
methylenetetrahydrofolic acid
vardenafil
vardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.		3.2310imidazotriazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
ici 198583
ICI 198583: RN & structure given in first source		4.51240
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		9.14491nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
n-(4(n-((2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-quinazolinyl)methyl)prop-2-ynylamino)benzoyl)-l-glutamic acid
[no description available]		2.3720
azaguanine
Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.		4.1450nucleobase analogue;
triazolopyrimidines		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
citrovorum factor
[no description available]		3.8630tetrahydrofolic acid
leucovorin
5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.		4.6280formyltetrahydrofolic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanylyl imidodiphosphate
Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).		2.3720nucleoside triphosphate analogue
xanthopterin
[no description available]		4.02150
pterine-6-carboxylic acid
pterine-6-carboxylic acid: photodegradation product of folic acid		3.5580organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
rifapentine
rifapentine: cyclopentyl derivative of rifampicin		3.2310N-alkylpiperazine;
N-iminopiperazine;
rifamycins		antitubercular agent;
leprostatic drug
1843u89
1843U89: structure given in first source; a folate analog		12.34141
10-formyldihydropteroylglutamate
10-formyldihydropteroylglutamate: metabolite of folic acid		3.71100
5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate
(6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolic acid : The 5,10-methenyl derivative of tetrahydrofolic acid arising from enzymatic cyclisation of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.		10.33131methylenetetrahydrofolic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2'-o-methylguanosine
2'-O-methylguanosine : Guanosine with the hydrogen on the hydroxyl at position C-2' substituted with a methyl group.		2.1310methylguanosinemetabolite
5,11-methenyltetrahydrohomofolate
[no description available]		10.98524
7-deazaguanine
[no description available]		2.0610organic molecular entity
4-hydroxyquinazoline
4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazoline: structure in first source		2.1510quinazolines
alanosine
[no description available]		2.0510
2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-formylpteridine
2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-formylpteridine: pteridine precursor in biosynthesis of dihydropteroate; structure. 6-formylpterin : Pterin carrying a formyl group at position 6.		5.54130aldehyde;
pterins		EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
reactive oxygen species generator
bl 4162a
anagrelide: imidazoquinazoline derivative which lowers platelet count probably by inhibiting thrombopoiesis and reduces platelet aggregation; used for thrombocythemia; structure in first source. anagrelide : A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.		3.2310imidazoquinazolineanticoagulant;
antifibrinolytic drug;
cardiovascular drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tegaserod
tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source		3.2310carboxamidine;
guanidines;
hydrazines;
indoles		gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic agonist
pemetrexed
pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).		17.0211227N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
tirapazamine
Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.		2.5320aromatic amine;
benzotriazines;
N-oxide		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
lometrexol
lometrexol: RN & structure given in first source;		10.38384
sildenafil citrate
Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.		4.0940citrate saltEC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
valganciclovir
Valganciclovir: A ganciclovir prodrug and antiviral agent that is used to treat CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS in patients with AIDS, and for the prevention of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS in organ transplant recipients who have received an organ from a CMV-positive donor.. valganciclovir : The L-valinyl ester of ganciclovir, into which it is rapidly converted by intestinal and hepatic esterases. It is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine.		3.2310L-valyl ester;
purines		antiviral drug;
prodrug
aprepitant
Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
triazoles		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
substance P receptor antagonist
fosaprepitant
fosaprepitant: a pro-drug form of aprepitant. fosaprepitant : A morpholine derivative that is the (1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl ether of (3-{[(2R,3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxymorpholin-4-yl]methyl}-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phosphonic acid.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
phosphoramide;
triazoles		antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
prodrug
rifabutin
[no description available]		4.2750
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		13.241333tetrahydrofolic acid
6-hydroxymethylpterin
[no description available]		2.0310
8-bromocyclic gmp
8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.		1.96103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
organobromine compound		muscle relaxant;
protein kinase G agonist
trypan blue
Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).		1.9510
ec20 folate peptide
EC20 folate peptide: peptide derivative of folic acid; structure in first source		6.982
n-(4-((3-(2,4-diamino-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-5-pyrimidinyl)propyl)amino)benzoyl)glutamic acid
N-(4-((3-(2,4-diamino-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-5-pyrimidinyl)propyl)amino)benzoyl)glutamic acid: RN & structure given in first source; inhibitor of glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase and aminoimidazole ribonucleotide transformylase; an anti-purine drug		1.9810
zd 9331
ZD 9331: BGC9331 was formerly known as ZD9331; structure in first source		5.8190
lixazinone
lixazinone: structure given in first source		1.9910
n(10)-methylfolate
[no description available]		6.882folic acids
methylnitronitrosoguanidine
Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position		3.3260nitroso compoundalkylating agent
5-methyltetrahydrohomofolic acid
5-methyltetrahydrohomofolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		5.7100
homofolic acid
homofolic acid: major descriptor (75-84); on-line search FOLIC ACID/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search HOMOFOLIC ACID/*analogs (75-84)		3.75110
cb 3717
[no description available]		1.9710N-acyl-L-glutamic acid
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine
8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.		7.08162guanosinesbiomarker
7,8-dihydropterin
7,8-dihydropterin: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9710organic molecular entity;
pterins
6-methyltetrahydropterin
[no description available]		1.9710pterins
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid
tetrahydrofolic acid : A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid units.. tetrahydrofolate : A folate obtained by deprotonation of any tetrahydrofolic acid.		2.6630tetrahydrofolic acidSaccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
amg531
[no description available]		2.4920
5,8-dideazaisofolic acid
5,8-dideazaisofolic acid: structure given in first source		1.9710
10-formyltetrahydrofolate
10-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A form of tetrahydrofolate that acts as a donor of formyl groups in anabolism. In these reactions 10-formyltetrahydrofolic acid is used as a substrate in formyltransferase reactions, which is important in purine biosynthesis.		5.97200formyltetrahydrofolic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
tetrahydropterin
[no description available]		4.1750
s-adenosylmethionine
5-deazafolic acid: structure given in first source		3.2360
ag 2034
AG 2034: inhibits glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase; structure given in first source		4.83100glutamic acid derivative
pteroylpentaglutamic acid
[no description available]		5.99120organic molecular entity
5-methyltetrahydrofolate
5-methyltetrahydrofolate : A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units.		19.6939952
ninopterin
ninopterin: structure		3.4680
cytidylyl-3'-5'-guanosine
cytidylyl-3'-5'-guanosine: also referred to as CpG		2.0210(3'->5')-dinucleotide
enng
[no description available]		2.0110
carbadox
Carbadox: An antibacterial agent that has been used in veterinary practice for treating swine dysentery and enteritis and for promoting growth. However, its use has been prohibited in the UK following reports of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p125)		2.0710quinoxaline derivative
methanopterin
methanopterin: isolated from Methanobacterium thermautotrophicum. methanopterin : A member of the class of methanopterins obtained by formal dehydrogenation at positions 5, 6, 7 and 8 of tetrahydromethanopterin. The parent of the class of methanopterins		2.3820methanopterins
levomefolate calcium
levomefolate calcium: an ingredient in Contraceptives, Oral, Combined. levomefolate calcium : An organic calcium salt of (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid.		7.9442organic calcium saltantidepressant
pteropterin
[no description available]		4.5480
heme arginate
heme arginate: used for treatment of porphyria; induces heme oxygenase		2.3110
sta 9090
[no description available]		2.1510ring assembly;
triazoles
folate monoglutamate
folate monoglutamate: RN given refers to parent cpd		4.5470
cb 3705
CB 3705: inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase & thymidylate synthetase		3.3770
2-desamino-2-methyl-5,8-dideazaisofolic acid
2-desamino-2-methyl-5,8-dideazaisofolic acid: structure given in first source		210
5-deaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid
5-deaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid: RN given refers to (6R)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89; RN & structure given in first source		2.3820
rhodojaponin iii
rhodojaponin III: from Rhododendron Molle G. Don; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2beta,3beta,6beta,14R)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 7/91		7.610diterpene
fenobam
fenobam: in USAN fenobam refers to monohydrate		2.0710ureas
(5)n,(8)n-deaza-(10)-n-methylfolate
(5)N,(8)N-deaza-(10)-N-methylfolate: structure		2.6630
molybdenum cofactor
molybdenum cofactor: also see records for molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide and molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide. MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor(2-) : An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor.. MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor : An Mo-molybdopterin cofactor in which the coordinated molybdenum species is MoO2.		3.4920Mo-molybdopterin cofactor;
organophosphate oxoanion
cholestyramine resin
Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.		4.9591
eye
[no description available]		3.66100
fructooligosaccharide
[no description available]		7.9330oligosaccharide
maltodextrin
maltodextrin : A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds.		9.1731
ferric carboxymaltose
ferric carboxymaltose: effective for treatment of postpartum anemia		7.6844
acetylcellulose
acetylcellulose: coating compound. cellulose acetate : A glucan derivative obtained through the esterification of cellulose by acetic anhydride or acetic acid, resulting in the substitution of some of the hydroxy groups of cellulose by acetyl groups. It is used in a variety of applications including base material for photographic film, clothing, membrane filters, coatings, food packaging, and as a frame material for eyeglasses.		1.9310
carbidopa
Carbidopa: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that prevents conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no anti-parkinson activity by itself.. carbidopa : The hydrate of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.		2.4220
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.		3.4880
metallothionein
Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.		5.2262
antimony sodium gluconate
Antimony Sodium Gluconate: Antimony complex where the metal may exist in either the pentavalent or trivalent states. The pentavalent gluconate is used in leishmaniasis. The trivalent gluconate is most frequently used in schistosomiasis.		2.0310
factor 420
factor 420: isolated from Methanobacterium strain MOH; mol Wt. about 630; can serve as electron carrier; involved in NADP-linked hydrogenase system		2.4220
chloroaluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanine
chloroaluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanine: RN given refers to parent cpd		210
phosphorus radioisotopes
Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.		2.8640
n-succinyl-chitosan
[no description available]		2.7930
octaarginine
octaarginine: structure in first source		7.0610
leptin
Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.		7.79191
pyrimidinones
Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.		1.9510
10-formyl-5,8-dideazafolate
10-formyl-5,8-dideazafolate: structure given in first source		3.71100
phenanthrenes
Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.		3.3860
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		010.862040
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		08.64450
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		08.64450
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		010.461940
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		010.461940
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		07.17831
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		011.551272
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		07.17831
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		011.551272
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		010.36482
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		010.36482
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		019.1218641
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		019.1218641
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		015.43373
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		010.43373
Encephalitis, Polio
[description not available]		02.6430
Poliomyelitis
An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)		07.6430
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		022.781,07735
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		127.542,15470
Anemia, Fanconi
[description not available]		02.1310
Fanconi Anemia
Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)		02.1310
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		03.1440
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		014.334320
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		08.1440
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		010.29513
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		012.441125
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		012.441125
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		015.759713
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure
[description not available]		016.332544
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		030.475,053450
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		117.759713
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (		024.871,165189
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		021.27299129
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		123.27299129
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		024.3824057
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		121.3824057
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		011.18512
Alcohol Drinking
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.		017.3731311
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		113.18512
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		09.06331
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		017.9343612
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		122.6587224
Autoimmune Diabetes
[description not available]		013.33637
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.		05.94130
Infant, Newborn, Diseases
Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.		08.23232
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.		115.33637
Hyperglycemia
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.		05.94130
Impotence
[description not available]		07.17131
Erectile Dysfunction
The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.		07.17131
Preterm Birth
[description not available]		017.1312716
Abnormality, Heart
[description not available]		013.91332
Heart Defects, Congenital
Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.		013.91332
Premature Birth
CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).		017.1312716
MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
[description not available]		010.82314
Multiple Sclerosis
An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)		010.82314
Deficiency, Vitamin B 12
[description not available]		025.451,336132
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)		025.451,336132
Deficiency, Folic Acid
[description not available]		027.192,913152
Folic Acid Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)		129.192,913152
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.		09.5200
Cancer of Nasopharynx
[description not available]		06.42391
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.		06.42391
Apoplexy
[description not available]		022.5303110
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		022.5303110
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		012.02544
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		023.68618100
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		114.02544
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		017.4513424
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		09.671070
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		07.95641
Nephritis
Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.		02.7220
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		07.95641
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		09.671070
Central Hypothyroidism
[description not available]		09.84452
Age-Related Memory Disorders
[description not available]		07.2340
Hypothyroidism
A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.		014.84452
Memory Disorders
Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.		012.2340
Acrania
[description not available]		030.631,85987
Neural Tube Defects
Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)		127.631,85987
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		012.745812
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		114.745812
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		019.9626239
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		121.9626239
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		013.681367
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		115.681367
Cognitive Decline
[description not available]		015.579717
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		017.6222018
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		124.6222018
Cognitive Dysfunction
Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.		015.579717
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		019.8749123
Abortion, Recurrent
[description not available]		012.81517
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		010.98180
Sterility, Female
[description not available]		015.73589
Deficiency, Vitamin D
[description not available]		012.41633
Abortion, Habitual
Three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.		114.81517
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		010.98180
Infertility, Female
Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.		015.73589
Vitamin D Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)		017.41633
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired
[description not available]		08.55910
Acquired Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
[description not available]		06.05160
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		06.67292
Anemia, Hemolytic
A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).		08.55910
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.		06.05160
Aura
[description not available]		017.937427
Epilepsy
A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)		119.937427
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		015.251749
Debility
[description not available]		04.3550
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		014.98451
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		015.251749
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		111.98451
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		014.3917610
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		116.3917610
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		017.5911820
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational
[description not available]		014.51808
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		017.5911820
Diabetes, Gestational
Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.		014.51808
Atrophy
Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.		09.82524
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		010.77361
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		010.77361
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		023.972068
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		012.11865
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		012.11865
Bone Fractures
[description not available]		011.41254
Fractures, Bone
Breaks in bones.		011.41254
47,XX,+21
[description not available]		09.08970
Down Syndrome
A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)		09.08970
Left Ventricular Dysfunction
[description not available]		02.7530
Anemias, Iron-Deficiency
[description not available]		021.9337196
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		127.492,376156
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.		02.7530
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency
Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.		123.9337196
Sterility, Male
[description not available]		014.484115
Infertility, Male
The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.		116.484115
Birth Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		019.9726059
Infant, Small for Gestational Age
An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.		013.25545
Malnourishment
[description not available]		019.0315411
Malnutrition
An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.		019.0315411
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		021.5645555
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		07.19351
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		127.931,365165
Blood Clot
[description not available]		012.56673
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		017.56673
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
[description not available]		05.95310
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.		05.95310
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		014.782035
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		014.782035
Morbid Obesity
[description not available]		012.23472
Obesity, Morbid
The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.		012.23472
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
A carcinoma that originates usually from cells on the surface of the middle and lower third of the ESOPHAGUS. Tumor cells exhibit typical squamous morphology and form large polypoid lesions. Mutations in RNF6, LZTS1, TGFBR2, DEC1, and WWOX1 genes are associated with this cancer.		05.971
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		06.55160
Cerebral Palsy, Athetoid
[description not available]		03.77110
Cerebral Palsy
A heterogeneous group of nonprogressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, perinatal period, or first few years of life. The four major subtypes are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy, with spastic forms being the most common. The motor disorder may range from difficulties with fine motor control to severe spasticity (see MUSCLE SPASTICITY) in all limbs. Spastic diplegia (Little disease) is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with LEUKOMALACIA, PERIVENTRICULAR. (From Dev Med Child Neurol 1998 Aug;40(8):520-7)		03.77110
Non-communicable Chronic Diseases
[description not available]		02.7620
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		017.417120
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis
[description not available]		014.991097
Ankylosing Spondylarthritis
[description not available]		04.5490
Psoriasis
A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.		014.991097
Spondylitis, Ankylosing
A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.		04.5490
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor
A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.		05.51270
Vascular Injuries
[description not available]		02.3110
Brain Vascular Disorders
[description not available]		09.98365
Cerebrovascular Disorders
A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.		09.98365
Alcohol Abuse
[description not available]		013.072165
Deficiency, Thiamine
[description not available]		011.05341
Alcoholism
A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)		013.072165
Thiamine Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171)		011.05341
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)		012.32720
Neutropenia
A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.		017.033014
Neonatal Death
The death of a live-born INFANT less than 28 days of age.		010.7661
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		010.9791
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		010.9791
Cytokine Release Syndrome
A severe immune reaction characterized by excessive release of CYTOKINES. Symptoms include DYSPNEA; FEVER; HEADACHE; HYPOTENSION; NAUSEA; RASH; TACHYCARDIA; HYPOXIA; HYPERFERRITINEMIA, and MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE. It is associated with viral infections, SEPSIS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES and a variety of factors used in IMMUNOTHERAPY.		02.3110
Anoxemia
[description not available]		05.18170
Pulmonary Hypertension
[description not available]		07.94130
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		05.18170
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.		07.94130
Adjuvant Arthritis
[description not available]		011.59280
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		07.27520
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		04.57220
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		05.72290
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		07.27520
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		04.57220
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		05.72290
Marfan Syndrome, Type I
[description not available]		04.6660
Marfan Syndrome
An autosomal dominant disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE with abnormal features in the heart, the eye, and the skeleton. Cardiovascular manifestations include MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE, dilation of the AORTA, and aortic dissection. Other features include lens displacement (ectopia lentis), disproportioned long limbs and enlarged DURA MATER (dural ectasia). Marfan syndrome (type 1) is associated with mutations in the gene encoding FIBRILLIN-1 (FBN1), a major element of extracellular microfibrils of connective tissue. Mutations in the gene encoding TYPE II TGF-BETA RECEPTOR (TGFBR2) are associated with Marfan syndrome type 2.		09.6660
Dementia Praecox
[description not available]		014.81057
Schizophrenia
A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.		014.81057
Cleft Spine
[description not available]		016.832355
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
[description not available]		012.491072
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.		012.491072
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory
[description not available]		012.67571
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.		012.67571
HbS Disease
[description not available]		013.59837
Anemia, Sickle Cell
A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.		115.59837
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
[description not available]		08.27251
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction
[description not available]		06.64193
Cerebral Infarction
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).		06.64193
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		016.2910819
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		015.4120915
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		117.4120915
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		014.61278
Lipid Metabolism Disorders
Pathological conditions resulting from abnormal anabolism or catabolism of lipids in the body.		02.5220
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		05.05380
Diabetic Retinopathy
Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.		06.76210
Atheroma
[description not available]		011.16101
Deficiency, Vitamin A
[description not available]		012.26336
Vitamin A Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)		012.26336
Diabetic Feet
[description not available]		03.0940
Diabetic Foot
Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.		03.0940
Amentia
[description not available]		014.371218
Dementia
An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.		014.371218
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		018.4617837
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		120.4617837
Lung Adenocarcinoma
[description not available]		06.83112
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		06.69121
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating
[description not available]		05.58220
Adenocarcinoma of Lung
A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.		06.83112
Carcinoma, Basal Cell, Pigmented
[description not available]		07.0662
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		010.78353
Carcinoma, Basal Cell
A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)		07.0662
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		010.78353
Colonic Inertia
Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.		06.9663
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		015.689830
Constipation
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.		06.9663
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		018.6826929
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		015.689830
Autism
[description not available]		013.24662
Autistic Disorder
A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)		115.24662
ADDH
[description not available]		06.18160
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar
[description not available]		010.55456
Depression, Involutional
Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.		013.31509
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)		06.18160
Bipolar Disorder
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.		015.55456
Depressive Disorder, Major
Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)		013.31509
Allergy, Food
[description not available]		07.79181
Food Hypersensitivity
Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.		07.79181
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		08.48266
Abnormalities, Congenital
[description not available]		018.1326712
Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		016.3410616
HPV Infection
[description not available]		011.8492
Cervix Dysplasia
[description not available]		019.266912
Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
Abnormal development of immature squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS of the UTERINE CERVIX, a term used to describe premalignant cytological changes in the cervical EPITHELIUM. These atypical cells do not penetrate the epithelial BASEMENT MEMBRANE.		014.266912
Papillomavirus Infections
Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.		011.8492
Anorectal Anomalies
[description not available]		03.4260
Anemia, Megaloblastic
A disorder characterized by the presence of ANEMIA, abnormally large red blood cells (megalocytes or macrocytes), and MEGALOBLASTS.		015.774154
Deficiency, Vitamin B
[description not available]		017.7819119
Vitamin B Deficiency
A condition due to deficiency in any member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat.		017.7819119
Hypervitaminosis A
A symptom complex resulting from ingesting excessive amounts of VITAMIN A.		03.5730
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		013.27848
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
[description not available]		03.73100
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)		03.73100
Auditory Processing Disorder, Central
[description not available]		04.4970
Carcinogenesis
The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.		07.69231
Cardiometabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.		013.06578
Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.		013.06578
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		013.712313
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		018.712313
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
[description not available]		016.736119
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.		123.736119
Hyperoxia
An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.		02.8930
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.6120
Bile Duct Cancer
[description not available]		02.8940
Bile Duct Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.		02.8940
Cholangiocarcinoma
A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.		07.6120
chronic COVID syndrome
[description not available]		04.1520
Abdominal Obesity
[description not available]		05.761
Liver Steatosis
[description not available]		09.77561
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.		09.77561
Pre-Hypertension
[description not available]		02.4110
Depression, Endogenous
[description not available]		015.079511
Depressive Disorder
An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.		119.7519022
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		06.89230
Adnexal Torsion
[description not available]		02.4110
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		013.28232
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		06.89230
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		013.141006
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		013.141006
Dermatoses
[description not available]		05.9250
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		05.9250
Absence of Brain, Congenital
[description not available]		016.2814110
Diabetic Cardiomyopathies
Diabetes complications in which VENTRICULAR REMODELING in the absence of CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS and hypertension results in cardiac dysfunctions, typically LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION. The changes also result in myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, and collagen deposition due to impaired glucose tolerance.		02.4110
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy
[description not available]		010.98434
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		03.830
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		019.2341952
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS.		02.4110
Pulmonary Consumption
[description not available]		04.35210
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.		04.35210
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		06.32141
Endotoxin Shock
[description not available]		02.730
Shock, Septic
Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.		02.730
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		06.32141
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		017.131513
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		017.131513
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.		010.651090
Celiac Sprue
[description not available]		014.312786
Infection
[description not available]		010.28383
Celiac Disease
A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.		014.312786
Infections
Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.		015.28383
Anemia, Macrocytic
Anemia characterized by larger than normal erythrocytes, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).		016.1675812
E coli Infections
[description not available]		03.86120
Escherichia coli Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.		03.86120
Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
[description not available]		06.56101
Cranial Nerve II Diseases
[description not available]		05.42140
48,XXYY Syndrome
[description not available]		02.5220
Glaucoma, Open-Angle
Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.		06.56101
Intraocular Pressure
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.		011.5191
Klinefelter Syndrome
A form of male HYPOGONADISM, characterized by the presence of an extra X CHROMOSOME, small TESTES, seminiferous tubule dysgenesis, elevated levels of GONADOTROPINS, low serum TESTOSTERONE, underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics, and male infertility (INFERTILITY, MALE). Patients tend to have long legs and a slim, tall stature. GYNECOMASTIA is present in many of the patients. The classic form has the karyotype 47,XXY. Several karyotype variants include 48,XXYY; 48,XXXY; 49,XXXXY, and mosaic patterns ( 46,XY/47,XXY; 47,XXY/48,XXXY, etc.).		02.5220
Optic Nerve Diseases
Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.		05.42140
Ureteral Obstruction
Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.		04.2150
Complications, Hematologic Pregnancy
[description not available]		020.2338545
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		013.316512
Parkinson Disease
A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)		013.316512
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
[description not available]		05.262
Prostatitis
Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment.		05.262
Intraventricular Septal Defects
[description not available]		03.5980
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular
Developmental abnormalities in any portion of the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM resulting in abnormal communications between the two lower chambers of the heart. Classification of ventricular septal defects is based on location of the communication, such as perimembranous, inlet, outlet (infundibular), central muscular, marginal muscular, or apical muscular defect.		03.5980
Apnea, Obstructive Sleep
[description not available]		02.5920
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395)		02.5920
Cardiac Hypertrophy
Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.		08.2360
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.		03.2360
Acute Ischemic Stroke
[description not available]		03.8470
Ischemic Stroke
Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin.		03.8470
Chronic Hepatitis C
[description not available]		02.8130
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted
[description not available]		02.9640
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		09.44891
Hepatitis C
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.		02.9640
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		09.44891
Hepatitis C, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		02.8130
Cardiac Toxicity
[description not available]		03.2850
Cardiotoxicity
Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.		03.2850
Hakim Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4110
Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure
A form of compensated hydrocephalus characterized clinically by a slowly progressive gait disorder (see GAIT DISORDERS, NEUROLOGIC), progressive intellectual decline, and URINARY INCONTINENCE. Spinal fluid pressure tends to be in the high normal range. This condition may result from processes which interfere with the absorption of CSF including SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, chronic MENINGITIS, and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp631-3)		02.4110
Endometrioma
An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.		03.360
Endometriosis
A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.		08.360
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		05.88330
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		05.88330
Anxiety Neuroses
[description not available]		04.4580
Delirium of Mixed Origin
[description not available]		02.8840
Anxiety Disorders
Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.		04.4580
Delirium
A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2)		02.8840
Infant, Premature, Diseases
Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.		09.78274
Bleeding
[description not available]		09.26341
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		111.26341
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		010.84571
Auricular Fibrillation
[description not available]		04.0850
Atrial Fibrillation
Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.		04.0850
Microsatellite Instability
The occurrence of highly polymorphic mono- and dinucleotide MICROSATELLITE REPEATS in somatic cells. It is a form of genome instability associated with defects in DNA MISMATCH REPAIR.		04.3970
Acrocephaly
Premature closing of the lambdoid and coronal sutures.		02.7830
Duodenal Obstruction
Hindrance of the passage of luminal contents in the DUODENUM. Duodenal obstruction can be partial or complete, and caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Simple obstruction is associated with diminished or stopped flow of luminal contents. Strangulating obstruction is associated with impaired blood flow to the duodenum in addition to obstructed flow of luminal contents.		02.420
Grippe
[description not available]		05.71112
Apple Peel Small Bowel Syndrome
[description not available]		03.320
Craniosynostoses
Premature closure of one or more CRANIAL SUTURES. It often results in plagiocephaly. Craniosynostoses that involve multiple sutures are sometimes associated with congenital syndromes such as ACROCEPHALOSYNDACTYLIA; and CRANIOFACIAL DYSOSTOSIS.		02.7830
Hypospadias
A birth defect due to malformation of the URETHRA in which the urethral opening is below its normal location. In the male, the malformed urethra generally opens on the ventral surface of the PENIS or on the PERINEUM. In the female, the malformed urethral opening is in the VAGINA.		04.9781
Influenza, Human
An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.		05.71112
Colitis, Granulomatous
[description not available]		013.03852
Crohn Disease
A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.		013.03852
Overweight
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.		012.046916
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		012.774813
Gout
Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.		04.2570
Hyperuricemia
Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT.		07.6320
Injuries, Spinal Cord
[description not available]		02.830
Spinal Cord Injuries
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).		02.830
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic
[description not available]		08.79410
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.		08.79410
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		09.78921
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		014.78921
DDPAC
[description not available]		05.2331
Frontotemporal Dementia
The most common clinical form of FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION, this dementia presents with personality and behavioral changes often associated with disinhibition, apathy, and lack of insight.		05.2331
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		014.051664
Alcoholic Liver Diseases
[description not available]		08.51251
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic
Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.		08.51251
Stillbirth
The event that a FETUS is born dead or stillborn.		011.54333
Infant Death
The death of a live-born INFANT within its first year of life.		02.4110
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
[description not available]		08.620
Affective Disorders
[description not available]		09.1592
Mood Disorders
Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.		09.1592
Disbacteriosis
[description not available]		05.5690
Maternal Obesity
[description not available]		04.1140
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		017.8714231
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		119.8714231
Albuminuria
The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		013.03195
Nervous System Disorders
[description not available]		011.12921
Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.		016.12921
Emesis
[description not available]		015.085226
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		016.81296
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		020.085226
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		05.97100
Pancytopenia
Deficiency of all three cell elements of the blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.		08.61421
Skin Ulcer
An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.		03.7330
Cold Fingers, Hereditary
[description not available]		03.2860
Raynaud Disease
An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress.		03.2860
Behavior Disorders
[description not available]		014.041254
Mental Disorders
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.		014.041254
Fetal Growth Restriction
[description not available]		015.159214
Fetal Growth Retardation
Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.		015.159214
Chemical Dependence
[description not available]		06.68310
Substance-Related Disorders
Disorders related to substance use or abuse.		06.68310
Dyslipidemia
[description not available]		011.22172
Elevated Cholesterol
[description not available]		011.33918
Hypercholesterolemia
A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.		011.33918
Dyslipidemias
Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.		06.22172
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis
[description not available]		017.1114216
Pre-Eclampsia
A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.		017.1114216
Adolescent Obesity
[description not available]		06.89131
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		012.46548
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		114.46548
Thromboembolism, Venous
[description not available]		03.7330
Venous Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		08.7330
Acquired Encephalocele
[description not available]		07.41261
Adenoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		016.8211627
Adenoma
A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		016.8211627
Hematologic Malignancies
[description not available]		04.7660
Hematologic Neoplasms
Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.		04.7660
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		010.71767
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		010.71767
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		011.66191
Osteogenic Sarcoma
[description not available]		04.51230
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		06.66191
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		04.51230
Diseases, Metabolic
[description not available]		010.12404
Decreased Muscle Tone
[description not available]		02.6830
Metabolic Diseases
Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)		010.12404
Encephalopathy, Traumatic
[description not available]		03.3310
Brain Injuries, Traumatic
A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.		03.3310
Cancer, Embryonal
[description not available]		03.3310
Cancer of Testis
[description not available]		03.6330
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal
Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS.		03.3310
Testicular Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.		03.6330
Seminoma
A radiosensitive, malignant neoplasm of the testis, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. There are three variants: classical (typical), the most common type; anaplastic; and spermatocytic. The classical seminoma is composed of fairly well differentiated sheets or cords of uniform polygonal or round cells (seminoma cells), each cell having abundant clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, a centrally placed round nucleus, and one or more nucleoli. In the female, a grossly and histologically identical neoplasm, known as dysgerminoma, occurs. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.3820
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		05.43240
Disease Resistance
The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.		04.3660
Acquired Meningomyelocele
[description not available]		08.46450
Malabsorption Syndromes
General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.		013.962143
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		017.53565
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		012.53565
Enlarged Liver
[description not available]		03.3570
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).		04.26190
BH4 Deficiency
[description not available]		08.39400
Phenylketonurias
A group of autosomal recessive disorders marked by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE or less frequently by reduced activity of DIHYDROPTERIDINE REDUCTASE (i.e., atypical phenylketonuria). Classical phenylketonuria is caused by a severe deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and presents in infancy with developmental delay; SEIZURES; skin HYPOPIGMENTATION; ECZEMA; and demyelination in the central nervous system. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p952).		08.39400
Acne Rosacea
[description not available]		02.6530
Rosacea
A cutaneous disorder primarily of convexities of the central part of the FACE, such as FOREHEAD; CHEEK; NOSE; and CHIN. It is characterized by FLUSHING; ERYTHEMA; EDEMA; RHINOPHYMA; papules; and ocular symptoms. It may occur at any age but typically after age 30. There are various subtypes of rosacea: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular (National Rosacea Society's Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea, J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46:584-7).		02.6530
ALDOB Deficiency
[description not available]		02.420
Carcinoma, Colloid
[description not available]		02.4110
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous
An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.4110
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
[description not available]		010.99197
Macular Degeneration
Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.		010.99197
Idiopathic Tropical Malabsorption Syndrome
[description not available]		09.791640
Placental Abruption
[description not available]		012.57241
Abruptio Placentae
Premature separation of the normally implanted PLACENTA from the UTERUS. Signs of varying degree of severity include UTERINE BLEEDING, uterine MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, and FETAL DISTRESS or FETAL DEATH.		07.57241
Gestational Weight Gain
Increase in body weight of the mother during the course of her PREGNANCY.		07.2962
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		06.73390
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		06.73390
Metaplasia
A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.		07.58162
Condition, Preneoplastic
[description not available]		010.61423
Precancerous Conditions
Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.		015.61423
Leanness
[description not available]		08.8204
Cancer of the Retina
[description not available]		03.3660
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma
[description not available]		03.5980
Retinoblastoma
A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)		03.5980
Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome, Hereditary
[description not available]		03.1840
Hepatic Porphyria
[description not available]		02.4110
Porphyrias, Hepatic
A group of metabolic diseases due to deficiency of one of a number of LIVER enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME. They are characterized by the accumulation and increased excretion of PORPHYRINS or its precursors. Clinical features include neurological symptoms (PORPHYRIA, ACUTE INTERMITTENT), cutaneous lesions due to photosensitivity (PORPHYRIA CUTANEA TARDA), or both (HEREDITARY COPROPORPHYRIA). Hepatic porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic tissues.		02.4110
Sarcopenia
Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles.		03.7430
Retinal Diseases
Diseases involving the RETINA.		06.8581
Korsakoff Psychosis
[description not available]		02.9430
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		04.47220
Adult Neuroaxonal Dystrophy
[description not available]		04.3850
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		07.62490
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		07.62490
Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder
[description not available]		06.39170
Retrolental Fibroplasia
[description not available]		02.4110
Retinopathy of Prematurity
A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.4110
Dermatitis, Eczematous
[description not available]		08.48132
Allergic Reaction
[description not available]		09.3291
Breathing Sounds
[description not available]		06.9391
Eczema
A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).		013.48132
Hypersensitivity
Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.		014.3291
Respiratory Sounds
Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.		06.9391
Restless Leg Syndrome
[description not available]		05.57120
Restless Legs Syndrome
A disorder characterized by aching or burning sensations in the lower and rarely the upper extremities that occur prior to sleep or may awaken the patient from sleep.		05.57120
Cheilitis
Inflammation of the lips. It is of various etiologies and degrees of pathology.		02.6630
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		09.88251
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		09.88251
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling
[description not available]		03.0740
Age-Related Osteoporosis
[description not available]		011.45516
Osteoporosis
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.		113.45516
Osteoporotic Fractures
Breaks in bones resulting from low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration characteristic of OSTEOPOROSIS.		013.0784
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		06.6991
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		06.6991
Asymptomatic Colonization
[description not available]		02.6930
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
[description not available]		09.57244
Malaria, Falciparum
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.		09.57244
Arsenic Encephalopathy
[description not available]		05.7180
Cancer of Oropharnyx
[description not available]		02.4110
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OROPHARYNX.		02.4110
Rheumatism
[description not available]		05.51110
Rheumatic Diseases
Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.		05.51110
Thalassemias
[description not available]		010.57591
Thalassemia
A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia.		015.57591
Brain Disorders
[description not available]		08370
Brain Diseases
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.		08370
Acinar Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.4110
Carcinoma, Acinar Cell
A malignant tumor arising from secreting cells of a racemose gland, particularly the salivary glands. Racemose (Latin racemosus, full of clusters) refers, as does acinar (Latin acinus, grape), to small saclike dilatations in various glands. Acinar cell carcinomas are usually well differentiated and account for about 13% of the cancers arising in the parotid gland. Lymph node metastasis occurs in about 16% of cases. Local recurrences and distant metastases many years after treatment are common. This tumor appears in all age groups and is most common in women. (Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1240; from DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p575)		02.4110
Acute Onset Vascular Dementia
[description not available]		010.87372
Dementia, Vascular
An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44)		010.87372
Suicidal Ideation
A risk factor for suicide attempts and completions, it is the most common of all suicidal behavior, but only a minority of ideators engage in overt self-harm.		05.5231
Adenopathy
[description not available]		03.3310
Erythroderma, Sezary
[description not available]		03.3310
Sezary Syndrome
A form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma manifested by generalized exfoliative ERYTHRODERMA; PRURITUS; peripheral lymphadenopathy, and abnormal hyperchromatic mononuclear (cerebriform) cells in the skin, LYMPH NODES, and peripheral blood (Sezary cells).		15.3310
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		012.22428
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		012.22428
Chronic Pancreatitis
[description not available]		02.8630
Pancreatitis, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse.		02.8630
Aneuploid
[description not available]		014.66174
Chromosomal Triplication
[description not available]		03.6290
Bonnevie-Ullrich Syndrome
This syndrome that was originally observed by Ullrich, and designated as identical to TURNER SYNDROME, related the webbing of the neck, loose skin and other anomalies of the syndrome to accumulation of fluid in the embryo starting at the head and dispersing to the extremities (as observed by Bonnevie in mice). Commonly observed at birth in Turner Syndrome and NOONAN SYNDROME; EDEMA of the extremities usually recedes by one year and is an early sign of Turner syndrome, especially in female neonates.		02.9430
Turner Syndrome
A syndrome of defective gonadal development in phenotypic females associated with the karyotype 45,X (or 45,XO). Patients generally are of short stature with undifferentiated GONADS (streak gonads), SEXUAL INFANTILISM, HYPOGONADISM, webbing of the neck, cubitus valgus, elevated GONADOTROPINS, decreased ESTRADIOL level in blood, and CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS. NOONAN SYNDROME (also called Pseudo-Turner Syndrome and Male Turner Syndrome) resembles this disorder; however, it occurs in males and females with a normal karyotype and is inherited as an autosomal dominant.		07.9430
Osteoarthritis of Knee
[description not available]		02.610
Osteoarthritis, Knee
Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)		02.610
Electrolytes
Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		015.02201
Genome Instability
[description not available]		010.5303
Psoriasis Arthropathica
[description not available]		04.3570
Arthritis, Psoriatic
A type of inflammatory arthritis associated with PSORIASIS, often involving the axial joints and the peripheral terminal interphalangeal joints. It is characterized by the presence of HLA-B27-associated SPONDYLARTHROPATHY, and the absence of rheumatoid factor.		04.3570
CBS Deficiency
[description not available]		017.871301
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
[description not available]		011.04911
Homocystinuria
Autosomal recessive inborn error of methionine metabolism usually caused by a deficiency of CYSTATHIONINE BETA-SYNTHASE and associated with elevations of homocysteine in plasma and urine. Clinical features include a tall slender habitus, SCOLIOSIS, arachnodactyly, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, genu varus, thin blond hair, malar flush, lens dislocations, an increased incidence of MENTAL RETARDATION, and a tendency to develop fibrosis of arteries, frequently complicated by CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p979)		012.871301
Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.		011.04911
Placenta Diseases
Pathological processes or abnormal functions of the PLACENTA.		04.5190
Postpartum Amenorrhea
[description not available]		06.1362
Amenorrhea
Absence of menstruation.		06.1362
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		013.17852
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		013.17852
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic
[description not available]		03.91130
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.		03.91130
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		018.4821520
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		125.4821520
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary
[description not available]		018.5414528
Coronary Artery Disease
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.		018.5414528
Glossitis
Inflammation of the tongue.		06.12300
Recrudescence
[description not available]		017.8715037
Parasitemia
The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)		07.5783
Amyloid Neuropathy Type 1
[description not available]		02.4110
Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial
Inherited disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with the deposition of AMYLOID in nerve tissue. The different clinical types based on symptoms correspond to the presence of a variety of mutations in several different proteins including transthyretin (PREALBUMIN); APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I; and GELSOLIN.		02.4110
Arthritis, Degenerative
[description not available]		04.3241
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.		09.3241
Refractory Depression
[description not available]		03.7830
Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant
Failure to respond to two or more trials of antidepressant monotherapy or failure to respond to four or more trials of different antidepressant therapies. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 9th ed.)		03.7830
Severe Acute Malnutrition
Acute form of MALNUTRITION which usually affects children, characterized by a very low weight for height (below -3z scores of the median World Health Organization standards), visible severe wasting, or occurrence of nutritional EDEMA. It can be a direct or indirect cause of fatality in children suffering from DIARRHEA and PNEUMONIA. Do not confuse with starvation, a condition in which the body is not getting enough food, usually for extended periods of time.		02.5920
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		05.81120
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		010.81120
Hyperthermia
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of inability to regulate core body temperature due to non-pathologic factors.		02.7220
Stunted Growth
[description not available]		018.228112
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		017.0411926
Growth Disorders
Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.		018.228112
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		119.0411926
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		03.4570
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		010.88406
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		010.88406
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.		03.4570
Libman-Sacks Disease
[description not available]		09.7454
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.		111.7454
Glomerulonephritis, Lupus
[description not available]		05.05110
Lupus Nephritis
Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982).		05.05110
Hangman Fracture
[description not available]		04.0290
Spinal Fractures
Broken bones in the vertebral column.		04.0290
Aqueductal Stenosis
[description not available]		08.24390
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
[description not available]		04.6210
Glucose Intolerance
A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.		09.6210
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
[description not available]		06150
Aneurysm, Aortic
[description not available]		03.4370
Aortic Aneurysm
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA.		03.4370
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.		06150
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		03.71100
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.		03.71100
Allotriophagy
An unusual desire or craving for abnormal foods.		04.3980
Morning Sickness
Symptoms of NAUSEA and VOMITING in pregnant women that usually occur in the morning during the first 2 to 3 months of PREGNANCY. Severe persistent vomiting during pregnancy is called HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM.		02.4110
Harelip
[description not available]		015.9114110
Cleft Palate, Isolated
[description not available]		014.761586
Abnormalities, Mouth
[description not available]		06.1980
Cleft Lip
Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region.		117.9114110
Cleft Palate
Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.		116.761586
Gastritis, Atrophic
GASTRITIS with atrophy of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, the GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS, and the mucosal glands leading to ACHLORHYDRIA. Atrophic gastritis usually progresses from chronic gastritis.		07.19192
Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		09.5319
Icterus
[description not available]		04.58100
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.		09.5319
Jaundice
A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.		09.58100
Body Weight, Fetal
[description not available]		08.82184
Congenital Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
[description not available]		03.0130
Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic
An acquired, congenital, or familial disorder caused by PLATELET AGGREGATION with THROMBOSIS in terminal arterioles and capillaries. Clinical features include THROMBOCYTOPENIA; HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; AZOTEMIA; FEVER; and thrombotic microangiopathy. The classical form also includes neurological symptoms and end-organ damage, such as RENAL FAILURE. Mutations in the ADAMTS13 PROTEIN gene have been identified in familial cases.		03.0130
Thrombotic Microangiopathies
Diseases that result in THROMBOSIS in MICROVASCULATURE. The two most prominent diseases are PURPURA, THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC; and HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME. Multiple etiological factors include VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELL damage due to SHIGA TOXIN; FACTOR H deficiency; and aberrant VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR formation.		03.6820
Reproductive Sterility
[description not available]		010.59183
Fibroid
[description not available]		06.6462
Infertility
A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.		112.59183
Leiomyoma
A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.		06.6462
Acquired Meningocele
[description not available]		03.0840
Infections, Trichomonas
[description not available]		02.420
Trichomoniasis, Human
[description not available]		02.420
Trichomonas Infections
Infections in birds and mammals produced by various species of Trichomonas.		02.420
Trichomonas Vaginitis
Inflammation of the vagina, marked by a purulent discharge. This disease is caused by the protozoan TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS.		02.420
Neoplastic Processes
The pathological mechanisms and forms taken by tissue during degeneration into a neoplasm and its subsequent activity.		02.610
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		012.2524
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		012.2524
Keratoconus
A noninflammatory, usually bilateral protrusion of the cornea, the apex being displaced downward and nasally. It occurs most commonly in females at about puberty. The cause is unknown but hereditary factors may play a role. The -conus refers to the cone shape of the corneal protrusion. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		03.0430
Abortion, Tubal
[description not available]		012.97885
Abortion, Spontaneous
Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.		012.97885
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		018.837835
Koch's Disease
[description not available]		05.43250
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.		17.43250
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney
[description not available]		08.26143
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		08.57213
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.		08.26143
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		08.57213
Infections, Staphylococcal
[description not available]		04.82130
Staphylococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		04.82130
Deafness, Transitory
[description not available]		04.97130
Long Sleeper Syndrome
[description not available]		05.4251
Day Blindness
[description not available]		06.01160
Sleep Wake Disorders
Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.		05.4251
Hearing Loss
A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.		09.97130
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		02.5920
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.		02.5920
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract
[description not available]		09.77283
Chromosomal Instability
An increased tendency to acquire CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS when various processes involved in chromosome replication, repair, or segregation are dysfunctional.		010.19101
Hospital-Acquired Condition
[description not available]		04.8581
Bone Diseases
Diseases of BONES.		03.67100
Vitiligo
A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.		09.41223
Nerve Pain
[description not available]		03.8740
Neuralgia
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.		03.8740
Multiple Pulmonary Nodules
A number of small lung lesions characterized by small round masses of 2- to 3-mm in diameter. They are usually detected by chest CT scans (COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY). Such nodules can be associated with metastases of malignancies inside or outside the lung, benign granulomas, or other lesions.		02.610
Arterial Diseases, Carotid
[description not available]		010.8238
Carotid Artery Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.		010.8238
Adult Periodontitis
[description not available]		05.2931
Deep Vein Thrombosis
[description not available]		011.01376
Brain Thrombosis
[description not available]		04.8171
Venous Thrombosis
The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.		011.01376
Central Nervous System Neoplasm
[description not available]		03.3260
Central Nervous System Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.		03.3260
Pain, Chronic
[description not available]		02.610
Chronic Pain
Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.		02.610
Biliary Calculi
[description not available]		03.6630
Gallstones
Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin.		03.6630
Cognition Disorders
Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.		019.4721741
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy
[description not available]		09.66183
Diabetic Neuropathies
Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)		09.66183
Spina Bifida Aperta
[description not available]		09.2160
Bancroftian Elephantiasis
[description not available]		02.610
Elephantiasis, Filarial
Parasitic infestation of the human lymphatic system by WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI or BRUGIA MALAYI. It is also called lymphatic filariasis.		02.610
Hyperthyroid
[description not available]		04.73310
Hyperthyroidism
Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.		04.73310
Thyroid Diseases
Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.		05.0390
Facio-Scapulo-Humeral Dystrophy
[description not available]		02.5120
Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral
An autosomal dominant degenerative muscle disease characterized by slowly progressive weakness of the muscles of the face, upper-arm, and shoulder girdle. The onset of symptoms usually occurs in the first or second decade of life. Affected individuals usually present with impairment of upper extremity elevation. This tends to be followed by facial weakness, primarily involving the orbicularis oris and orbicularis oculi muscles. (Neuromuscul Disord 1997;7(1):55-62; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1420)		02.5120
Hyperkyphosis
[description not available]		04.2740
Arnold-Chiari Deformity
[description not available]		03.3820
Hypomania
[description not available]		03.0130
Cancer-Associated Pain
[description not available]		02.7220
Allodynia
[description not available]		03.0340
Cancer Pain
Pain that may be caused by or related to cellular, tissue, and systemic changes that occur during NEOPLASM growth, tissue invasion, and METASTASIS.		07.7220
Gestational Hypertension
[description not available]		011.03274
Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced
A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (		011.03274
Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes
[description not available]		04.231
Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture
Spontaneous tearing of the membranes surrounding the FETUS any time before the onset of OBSTETRIC LABOR. Preterm PROM is membrane rupture before 37 weeks of GESTATION.		04.231
Glucose Metabolic Disorder
[description not available]		02.610
Prediabetes
[description not available]		05.5250
Prediabetic State
The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		05.5250
Convulsions, Febrile
[description not available]		02.9140
Seizures, Febrile
Seizures that occur during a febrile episode. It is a common condition, affecting 2-5% of children aged 3 months to five years. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance has been identified in some families. The majority are simple febrile seizures (generally defined as generalized onset, single seizures with a duration of less than 30 minutes). Complex febrile seizures are characterized by focal onset, duration greater than 30 minutes, and/or more than one seizure in a 24 hour period. The likelihood of developing epilepsy (i.e., a nonfebrile seizure disorder) following simple febrile seizures is low. Complex febrile seizures are associated with a moderately increased incidence of epilepsy. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p784)		02.9140
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
[description not available]		09.25204
Diabetic Nephropathies
KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.		111.25204
Infections, Helicobacter
[description not available]		010.45384
Gastritis
Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.		05.23200
Helicobacter Infections
Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.		010.45384
Deficiency, Ascorbic Acid
[description not available]		09.26421
Ascorbic Acid Deficiency
A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. As the disease progresses, joints, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues may become the sites of hemorrhage. Ascorbic acid deficiency frequently develops into SCURVY in young children fed unsupplemented cow's milk exclusively during their first year. It develops also commonly in chronic alcoholism. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1177)		014.26421
Breathlessness
[description not available]		04.580
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing.		04.580
Branch Vein Occlusion
[description not available]		05.57160
Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion
[description not available]		03.7130
Retinal Vein Occlusion
Blockage of the RETINAL VEIN. Those at high risk for this condition include patients with HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; and other CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.		010.57160
Retinal Artery Occlusion
Sudden ISCHEMIA in the RETINA due to blocked blood flow through the CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY or its branches leading to sudden complete or partial loss of vision, respectively, in the eye.		03.7130
Bacterial Vaginitides
[description not available]		02.830
Vaginosis, Bacterial
Polymicrobial, nonspecific vaginitis associated with positive cultures of Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic organisms and a decrease in lactobacilli. It remains unclear whether the initial pathogenic event is caused by the growth of anaerobes or a primary decrease in lactobacilli.		02.830
Dysgeusia
A condition characterized by alterations of the sense of taste which may range from mild to severe, including gross distortions of taste quality.		03.6420
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
[description not available]		04.8110
Peritoneal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.		16.8110
Tauopathies
Neurodegenerative disorders involving deposition of abnormal tau protein isoforms (TAU PROTEINS) in neurons and glial cells in the brain. Pathological aggregations of tau proteins are associated with mutation of the tau gene on chromosome 17 in patients with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; DEMENTIA; PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS; progressive supranuclear palsy (SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE); and corticobasal degeneration.		02.5220
Addison's Disease
[description not available]		02.3720
Addison Disease
An adrenal disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the ADRENAL CORTEX, resulting in insufficient production of ALDOSTERONE and HYDROCORTISONE. Clinical symptoms include ANOREXIA; NAUSEA; WEIGHT LOSS; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; and HYPERPIGMENTATION of the SKIN due to increase in circulating levels of ACTH precursor hormone which stimulates MELANOCYTES.		02.3720
Mastitis, Bovine
INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.		03.9821
Malignant Mesothelioma
[description not available]		04.5241
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		014.05345
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		09.05345
Fetal Death
Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.		011.66515
Kidney, Polycystic
[description not available]		03.3260
Polycystic Kidney Diseases
Hereditary diseases that are characterized by the progressive expansion of a large number of tightly packed CYSTS within the KIDNEYS. They include diseases with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance.		03.3260
Lassitude
[description not available]		010.96189
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		010.96189
Cafe-au-Lait Spots with Pulmonic Stenosis
[description not available]		02.8220
Neoplasms, Nerve Sheath
[description not available]		02.610
Elephantiasis Neuromatosis
[description not available]		02.610
Neurofibroma
A moderately firm, benign, encapsulated tumor resulting from proliferation of SCHWANN CELLS and FIBROBLASTS that includes portions of nerve fibers. The tumors usually develop along peripheral or cranial nerves and are a central feature of NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1, where they may occur intracranially or involve spinal roots. Pathologic features include fusiform enlargement of the involved nerve. Microscopic examination reveals a disorganized and loose cellular pattern with elongated nuclei intermixed with fibrous strands. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1016)		02.420
Neurofibromatosis 1
An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS).		02.8220
Nerve Sheath Neoplasms
Neoplasms which arise from nerve sheaths formed by SCHWANN CELLS in the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM or by OLIGODENDROCYTES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, NEUROFIBROMA, and NEURILEMMOMA are relatively common tumors in this category.		02.610
Neurofibroma, Plexiform
A type of neurofibroma manifesting as a diffuse overgrowth of subcutaneous tissue, usually involving the face, scalp, neck, and chest but occasionally occurring in the abdomen or pelvis. The tumors tend to progress, and may extend along nerve roots to eventually involve the spinal roots and spinal cord. This process is almost always a manifestation of NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1016; J Pediatr 1997 Nov;131(5):678-82)		02.610
Ankyloglossia
A severe congenital restriction of TONGUE movement, resulting from fusion or adherence of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. In partial ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) the LINGUAL FRENUM is abnormally short, or is attached too close to the tip of the tongue. OMIM: 106280		03.6820
Post-Natal Depression
[description not available]		08.58141
Depression, Postpartum
Depression in POSTPARTUM WOMEN, usually within four weeks after giving birth (PARTURITION). The degree of depression ranges from mild transient depression to neurotic or psychotic depressive disorders. (From DSM-IV, p386)		08.58141
Psychoses
[description not available]		010.41611
Psychotic Disorders
Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)		112.41611
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
[description not available]		07.49141
Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
A malignant neoplasm that originates in cells on the surface EPITHELIUM of the ovary and is the most common form of ovarian cancer. There are five histologic subtypes: papillary serous, endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell, and transitional cell. Mutations in BRCA1, OPCML, PRKN, PIK3CA, AKT1, CTNNB1, RRAS2, and CDH1 genes are associated with this cancer.		07.49141
Binge Alcohol Consumption
[description not available]		02.6620
Tuberculosis, Drug-Resistant
[description not available]		04.4140
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant
Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS, including at least ISONIAZID and RIFAMPICIN. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculous OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS associated with HIV INFECTIONS. It requires the use of second line drugs which are more toxic than the first line regimens. TB with isolates that have developed further resistance to at least three of the six classes of second line drugs is defined as EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS.		04.4140
Metastase
[description not available]		011.524511
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		011.524511
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		07.5330
Angioblastic Meningioma
[description not available]		02.830
Meningioma
A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)		02.830
Pyrexia
[description not available]		013.15271
Abnormalities, Musculoskeletal
[description not available]		02.8130
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.		08.15271
Deficiency, Pyridoxine
[description not available]		011.19694
Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia
[description not available]		05.12180
Primary Myelofibrosis
A de novo myeloproliferation arising from an abnormal stem cell. It is characterized by the replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue, a process that is mediated by CYTOKINES arising from the abnormal clone.		05.12180
Teratogenesis
The formation of CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES.		03.260
Acne
[description not available]		08.96167
Acne Vulgaris
A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.		110.96167
Clasp-Knife Spasticity
[description not available]		06.7260
Muscle Spasticity
A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a free interval) followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54)		06.7260
Peripheral Nerve Injury
[description not available]		02.2510
Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.		02.2510
Anaphylactic Reaction
[description not available]		04.3880
Anaphylaxis
An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.		04.3880
Child Development Deviations
[description not available]		015.364325
Developmental Disabilities
Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)		015.364325
Cancer of Sigmoid
[description not available]		02.2510
Hemorrhage, Uterine
[description not available]		03.2160
Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications
[description not available]		08.48203
Uterine Hemorrhage
Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.		03.2160
Caliciviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by CALICIVIRIDAE. They include HEPATITIS E; VESICULAR EXANTHEMA OF SWINE; acute respiratory infections in felines, rabbit hemorrhagic disease, and some cases of gastroenteritis in humans.		07.6344
Leukocytopenia
[description not available]		010.2353
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).		010.2353
Acute Rheumatic Fever
[description not available]		03.8540
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy
[description not available]		03.8921
Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating
A slowly progressive autoimmune demyelinating disease of peripheral nerves and nerve roots. Clinical manifestations include weakness and sensory loss in the extremities and enlargement of peripheral nerves. The course may be relapsing-remitting or demonstrate a step-wise progression. Protein is usually elevated in the spinal fluid and cranial nerves are typically spared. GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME features a relatively rapid progression of disease which distinguishes it from this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1337)		03.8921
Mesothelioma
A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)		110.86134
ADPKD
[description not available]		03.9840
Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant
Kidney disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS with progressive deterioration of renal function.		03.9840
Measles, German
[description not available]		04.260
Smoking Cessation
Discontinuing the habit of SMOKING.		014252
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		09.581580
Pericementitis
[description not available]		06.3372
Gingivitis
Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.		012.04166
Periodontitis
Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)		011.3372
Addison's Anemia
[description not available]		014.293962
Peripheral Nerve Diseases
[description not available]		011.94553
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.		011.94553
Isolated Non-compaction of the Ventricular Myocardium
[description not available]		02.2110
Ductal Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.2110
Carcinoma, Ductal
Malignant neoplasms involving the ductal systems of any of a number of organs, such as the MAMMARY GLANDS, the PANCREAS, the PROSTATE, or the LACRIMAL GLAND.		02.2110
Child Mental Disorders
[description not available]		05.5470
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
These are a group of conditions with onset in the developmental period. The disorders typically manifest early in development, often before the child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. (From DSM-5).		05.5470
Child Behavior Disorders
Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns.		07.46102
Happy Puppet Syndrome
[description not available]		05.3722
Angelman Syndrome
A syndrome characterized by multiple abnormalities, MENTAL RETARDATION, and movement disorders. Present usually are skull and other abnormalities, frequent infantile spasms (SPASMS, INFANTILE); easily provoked and prolonged paroxysms of laughter (hence happy); jerky puppetlike movements (hence puppet); continuous tongue protrusion; motor retardation; ATAXIA; MUSCLE HYPOTONIA; and a peculiar facies. It is associated with maternal deletions of chromosome 15q11-13 and other genetic abnormalities. (From Am J Med Genet 1998 Dec 4;80(4):385-90; Hum Mol Genet 1999 Jan;8(1):129-35)		05.3722
Cerebromedullospinal Disconnection
[description not available]		02.3110
Nutritional Disorders
[description not available]		013.831292
Nutrition Disorders
Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.		013.831292
Polyarthritis
[description not available]		06.07111
Arthritis
Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		06.07111
Acne Inversa
[description not available]		02.6620
Hidradenitis Suppurativa
A chronic suppurative and cicatricial disease of the apocrine glands occurring chiefly in the axillae in women and in the groin and anal regions in men. It is characterized by poral occlusion with secondary bacterial infection, evolving into abscesses which eventually rupture. As the disease becomes chronic, ulcers appear, sinus tracts enlarge, fistulas develop, and fibrosis and scarring become evident.		07.6620
Burning Mouth Syndrome
A group of painful oral symptoms associated with a burning or similar sensation. There is usually a significant organic component with a degree of functional overlay; it is not limited to the psychophysiologic group of disorders.		03.9240
Anemia, Cooley's
[description not available]		09.31256
beta-Thalassemia
A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent.		014.31256
Fetal Macrosomia
A condition of fetal overgrowth leading to a large-for-gestational-age FETUS. It is defined as BIRTH WEIGHT greater than 4,000 grams or above the 90th percentile for population and sex-specific growth curves. It is commonly seen in GESTATIONAL DIABETES; PROLONGED PREGNANCY; and pregnancies complicated by pre-existing diabetes mellitus.		04.3460
Deaf Mutism
[description not available]		04.2570
Deafness
A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.		09.2570
Bilateral Headache
[description not available]		05.5261
Abdominal Migraine
[description not available]		08.08132
Headache
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.		05.5261
Migraine Disorders
A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		08.08132
Nerve Degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.		010.04160
Diathesis
[description not available]		09.33351
Genital Diseases, Male
Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).		02.2110
Genital Herpes
[description not available]		02.2110
Herpes Genitalis
Infection of the genitals (GENITALIA) with HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS in either the males or the females.		02.2110
Ulcer
A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.		04.4890
Cranial Sinus Thrombosis
[description not available]		03.3660
Amphetamine Abuse
[description not available]		02.2510
Psychoses, Drug
[description not available]		03.0650
Amphetamine-Related Disorders
Disorders related or resulting from use of amphetamines.		02.2510
Deficiency, Riboflavin
[description not available]		011.72415
Deficiency Diseases
A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)		013.991208
Motor Disorders
Motor skills deficits that significantly and persistently interfere with ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING appropriate to chronological age. (from DSM-5)		03.9521
Deficiency, Mental
[description not available]		012.11894
Intellectual Disability
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)		012.11894
Chronic Lung Injury
[description not available]		03.7830
Congenital Fissure of the Abdominal Cavity
[description not available]		03.570
Agenesis of Hemidiaphragm
[description not available]		02.2510
Exomphalos
[description not available]		03.470
Hernia, Umbilical
A HERNIA due to an imperfect closure or weakness of the umbilical ring. It appears as a skin-covered protrusion at the UMBILICUS during crying, coughing, or straining. The hernia generally consists of OMENTUM or SMALL INTESTINE. The vast majority of umbilical hernias are congenital but can be acquired due to severe abdominal distention.		03.470
Gastroschisis
A congenital defect with major fissure in the ABDOMINAL WALL lateral to, but not at, the UMBILICUS. This results in the extrusion of VISCERA. Unlike OMPHALOCELE, herniated structures in gastroschisis are not covered by a sac or PERITONEUM.		08.570
Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital
Protrusion of abdominal structures into the THORAX as a result of embryologic defects in the DIAPHRAGM often present in the neonatal period. It can be isolated, syndromic, non-syndromic or be a part of chromosome abnormality. Associated pulmonary hypoplasia and PULMONARY HYPERTENSION can further complicate stabilization and surgical intervention.		02.2510
Inadequate Sleep
[description not available]		02.7530
Hematochezia
The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.		07.82241
Deficiency, Vitamin K
[description not available]		04.6260
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.		07.82241
Vitamin K Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN K in the diet, characterized by an increased tendency to hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS). Such bleeding episodes may be particularly severe in newborn infants. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1182)		04.6260
Child Malnutrition
Malnutrition occurring in children ages 2 to 12 years, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.		06.3951
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		011.4209
Action Tremor
[description not available]		05.8181
Tremor
Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.		05.8181
SC Disease
[description not available]		04.6661
Hemoglobin SC Disease
One of the sickle cell disorders characterized by the presence of both hemoglobin S and hemoglobin C. It is similar to, but less severe than sickle cell anemia.		04.6661
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		04.26170
Equine Diseases
[description not available]		02.8940
Adenohypophyseal Diseases
[description not available]		02.3820
Pituitary Diseases
Disorders involving either the ADENOHYPOPHYSIS or the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. These diseases usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PITUITARY HORMONES. Neoplastic pituitary masses can also cause compression of the OPTIC CHIASM and other adjacent structures.		02.3820
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes
[description not available]		06.7581
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.		06.7581
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung
A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.		03.6580
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		07.01181
Verruca
[description not available]		02.2510
Warts
Benign epidermal proliferations or tumors; some are viral in origin.		02.2510
Avitaminosis
A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. (Dorland, 27th ed)		014.791456
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		06.99111
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		06.99111
Ataxia of Gait
[description not available]		03.4420
Dysarthosis
[description not available]		02.2510
Poisoning, Lead
[description not available]		03.68100
Lead Poisoning
Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds.		03.68100
Astheno Teratozoospermia
[description not available]		05.3341
Hypospermatogenesis
[description not available]		07.41103
Uremia
A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.		017.87506
Ache
[description not available]		08.07151
Buerger Disease
[description not available]		03.8640
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		013.07151
Abnormalities, Congenital, Nervous System
[description not available]		04.7560
Siderosis
A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of iron in the mining dust or welding fumes.		02.2510
Microcephaly
A congenital abnormality in which the CEREBRUM is underdeveloped, the fontanels close prematurely, and, as a result, the head is small. (Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.)		03.3260
Failure to Thrive
A condition of substandard growth or diminished capacity to maintain normal function.		02.9640
Berger Disease
[description not available]		02.2510
A-Thalassemia
[description not available]		03.6830
Glomerulonephritis, IGA
A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.		02.2510
alpha-Thalassemia
A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the alpha chains of hemoglobin. The severity of this condition can vary from mild anemia to death, depending on the number of genes deleted.		03.6830
Congenital Immunodeficiency Disease
[description not available]		03.1710
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
Genetic immunologic deficiency diseases and syndromes due to mutations in genes involved in IMMUNITY generally characterized by an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. They are often associated with AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE manifestations.		03.1710
Choreoathetosis Self-Mutilation Hyperuricemia Syndrome
[description not available]		03.0650
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
An inherited disorder transmitted as a sex-linked trait and caused by a deficiency of an enzyme of purine metabolism; HYPOXANTHINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE. Affected individuals are normal in the first year of life and then develop psychomotor retardation, extrapyramidal movement disorders, progressive spasticity, and seizures. Self-destructive behaviors such as biting of fingers and lips are seen frequently. Intellectual impairment may also occur but is typically not severe. Elevation of uric acid in the serum leads to the development of renal calculi and gouty arthritis. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp127)		08.0650
Injuries, Radiation
[description not available]		06200
Alopecia Cicatrisata
[description not available]		05.3380
Alopecia
Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.		010.3380
Compression Fractures
[description not available]		02.2510
Fibrosarcoma
A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)		03.3770
Anemia, Congenital Nonspherocytic Hemolytic
[description not available]		03.5730
Pyruvate Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Hereditary disorders of pyruvate metabolism. They are difficult to diagnose and describe because pyruvate is a key intermediate in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Some inherited metabolic disorders may alter pyruvate metabolism indirectly. Disorders in pyruvate metabolism appear to lead to deficiencies in neurotransmitter synthesis and, consequently, to nervous system disorders.		03.320
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal
[description not available]		07.61123
Bone Inflammation
[description not available]		02.2510
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.		07.61123
Candida Infection
[description not available]		03.0550
Candidiasis
Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.0550
Encephalopathy, Toxic
[description not available]		04.69100
Mouth Ulcer
[description not available]		04.150
Oral Ulcer
A loss of mucous substance of the mouth showing local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. It is the result of a variety of causes, e.g., denture irritation, aphthous stomatitis (STOMATITIS, APHTHOUS); NOMA; necrotizing gingivitis (GINGIVITIS, NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE); TOOTHBRUSHING; and various irritants. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p842)		16.150
Fra(X) Syndrome
[description not available]		011.48604
Fragile X Syndrome
A condition characterized genotypically by mutation of the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome (at gene loci FRAXA or FRAXE) and phenotypically by cognitive impairment, hyperactivity, SEIZURES, language delay, and enlargement of the ears, head, and testes. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY occurs in nearly all males and roughly 50% of females with the full mutation of FRAXA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p226)		011.48604
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		08.0950
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.		03.0950
Acute Onset Aura Migraine
[description not available]		07.5584
Common Migraine
[description not available]		05.0631
Migraine with Aura
A subtype of migraine disorder, characterized by recurrent attacks of reversible neurological symptoms (aura) that precede or accompany the headache. Aura may include a combination of sensory disturbances, such as blurred VISION; HALLUCINATIONS; VERTIGO; NUMBNESS; and difficulty in concentrating and speaking. Aura is usually followed by features of the COMMON MIGRAINE, such as PHOTOPHOBIA; PHONOPHOBIA; and NAUSEA. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		012.5584
Migraine without Aura
Recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches, not preceded or accompanied by an aura, in attacks lasting 4-72 hours. It is characterized by PAIN of moderate to severe intensity; aggravated by physical activity; and associated with NAUSEA and / or PHOTOPHOBIA and PHONOPHOBIA. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		05.0631
Pregnancy in Diabetes
[description not available]		010.92362
Retinal Degeneration
A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)		02.3720
Hypercoagulability
[description not available]		010.8375
Thrombophilia
A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.		015.8375
Kwashiorkor
A syndrome produced by severe protein deficiency, characterized by retarded growth, changes in skin and hair pigment, edema, and pathologic changes in the liver, including fatty infiltration, necrosis, and fibrosis. The word is a local name in Gold Coast, Africa, meaning displaced child. Although first reported from Africa, kwashiorkor is now known throughout the world, but mainly in the tropics and subtropics. It is considered to be related to marasmus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		011.42240
Marasmus
[description not available]		012.07230
Protein-Energy Malnutrition
The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses.		07.07230
Eczema, Atopic
[description not available]		08.7143
Dermatitis, Atopic
A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.		08.7143
Ocular Toxicity
[description not available]		02.2510
Choked Disk
[description not available]		02.2510
Vision, Diminished
[description not available]		02.2510
Papilledema
Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175)		02.2510
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic
[description not available]		05.472
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.		05.472
Kidney Failure
A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.		016.01263
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		012.42507
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		114.42507
Renal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.		016.01263
Infections, Coronavirus
[description not available]		02.7930
Pneumonia, Viral
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.		02.9630
Coronavirus Infections
Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).		02.7930
Eye Abnormalities
Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary.		03.0950
Poisoning
Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.		06.56130
ASC Atypical Squamous Cells
[description not available]		03.711
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain
[description not available]		03.3760
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain
A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.		03.3760
Anterior Optic Neuritis
[description not available]		04.1460
Optic Neuritis
Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis).		04.1460
Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis
[description not available]		03.4620
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
A common interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, usually occurring between 50-70 years of age. Clinically, it is characterized by an insidious onset of breathlessness with exertion and a nonproductive cough, leading to progressive DYSPNEA. Pathological features show scant interstitial inflammation, patchy collagen fibrosis, prominent fibroblast proliferation foci, and microscopic honeycomb change.		03.4620
Injuries, Prenatal
[description not available]		02.2510
Genetic Diseases
[description not available]		04.0150
Genetic Diseases, Inborn
Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero.		04.0150
Mucositis
An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).		17.4780
Vascular Calcification
Deposition of calcium into the blood vessel structures. Excessive calcification of the vessels are associated with ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES formation particularly after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (see MONCKEBERG MEDIAL CALCIFIC SCLEROSIS) and chronic kidney diseases which in turn increase VASCULAR STIFFNESS.		04.0221
Aortic Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.		02.9640
Mouth Diseases
Diseases involving the MOUTH.		04.97150
Swine Diseases
Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.		05.6871
Fungus Poisoning
[description not available]		02.6630
Bleb
[description not available]		02.2510
Drug Refractory Epilepsy
[description not available]		02.3110
Infection Reactivation
[description not available]		02.3110
Dissociation
[description not available]		02.2510
Astasia-Abasia
[description not available]		02.2510
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
[description not available]		02.7330
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular
[description not available]		07.3770
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular
Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.		02.7330
American Trypanosomiasis
[description not available]		02.2510
Chagas Disease
Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.		02.2510
Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders, Inborn
[description not available]		09.45382
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		08.32381
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		112.18762
Ovarian Diseases
Pathological processes of the OVARY.		02.3110
Abnormality, Torsion
[description not available]		02.3720
Adrenal Gland Diseases
Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS.		02.3110
Antisocial Behavior
Behavior that sharply deviates from social norms and violates rights of others		02.3820
Allergic Encephalomyelitis
[description not available]		04.4720
Adamantiades-Behcet Disease
[description not available]		03.92120
Behcet Syndrome
Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well.		03.92120
Low Bone Density
[description not available]		04.5451
Bone Diseases, Metabolic
Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE.		04.5451
Besnier-Boeck Disease
[description not available]		03.730
Sarcoidosis
An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.		03.730
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous, Subacute
[description not available]		02.3110
Rubeola
[description not available]		05.3670
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous
A form of lupus erythematosus in which the skin may be the only organ involved or in which skin involvement precedes the spread into other body systems. It has been classified into three forms - acute (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC with skin lesions), subacute, and chronic (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, DISCOID).		02.3110
Measles
A highly contagious infectious disease caused by MORBILLIVIRUS, common among children but also seen in the nonimmune of any age, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and multiplies in the epithelial cells, spreading throughout the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM.		05.3670
Keloid
A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues.		09.8421
T-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		03.6930
Lymphoma, T-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.		03.6930
Anankastic Personality
[description not available]		05.4651
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.		05.4651
Acoustic Trauma
Usually refer to hearing loss due to a single noise event such as an explosion or shotgun blast.		03.8340
Diseases, Occupational
[description not available]		04.590
Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced
Hearing loss due to exposure to explosive loud noise or chronic exposure to sound level greater than 85 dB. The hearing loss is often in the frequency range 4000-6000 hertz.		03.8340
Cancer of Digestive System
[description not available]		02.3720
Digestive System Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.		02.3720
Acute Porphyria
[description not available]		02.8530
Porphyria, Acute Intermittent
An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of HYDROXYMETHYLBILANE SYNTHASE in the LIVER, the third enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Clinical features are recurrent and life-threatening neurologic disturbances, ABDOMINAL PAIN, and elevated level of AMINOLEVULINIC ACID and PORPHOBILINOGEN in the urine.		02.8530
Lung Injury, Acute
[description not available]		02.5520
Acute Lung Injury
A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).		02.5520
Exanthem
[description not available]		04.9281
Exanthema
Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.		04.9281
Dysphagia
[description not available]		03.8440
Deglutition Disorders
Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.		03.8440
Primary Peritonitis
[description not available]		02.3820
Peritonitis
INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.		02.3820
Hot Flashes
A sudden, temporary sensation of heat predominantly experienced by some women during MENOPAUSE. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)		05.0933
Cardiomyopathies, Primary
[description not available]		03.3870
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).		03.3870
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction
[description not available]		03.3260
Brain Infarction
Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.		08.3260
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck
[description not available]		05.6761
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.		05.6761
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		04.24170
Congenital Limb Deformities
[description not available]		07.02111
Bronze Diabetes
[description not available]		07.64261
Hemochromatosis
A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)		07.64261
Iron Overload
An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)		03.3560
Barrett Epithelium
[description not available]		04.2660
Barrett Esophagus
A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.		04.2660
Keratosis, Oral
[description not available]		02.7730
Leukoplakia, Oral
A white patch seen on the oral mucosa. It is considered a premalignant condition and is often tobacco-induced. When evidence of Epstein-Barr virus is present, the condition is called hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).		02.7730
Autosomal Dominant Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia
[description not available]		02.3110
Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary
A group of inherited diseases that share similar phenotypes but are genetically diverse. Different genetic loci for autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and x-linked forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia have been identified. Clinically, patients present with slowly progressive distal limb weakness and lower extremity spasticity. Peripheral sensory neurons may be affected in the later stages of the disease. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Jan;64(1):61-6; Curr Opin Neurol 1997 Aug;10(4):313-8)		02.3110
Acute Thrombotic Stroke
[description not available]		02.3110
Infarct, Lacunar
[description not available]		04.8521
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.		016.9916719
Birnaviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the BIRNAVIRIDAE.		02.4110
Poultry Diseases
Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.		03.83120
Neurally Mediated Faint
[description not available]		02.4110
Leukemia, Lymphoblastic, Acute, T Cell
[description not available]		02.6620
Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and young adults and characterized LYMPHADENOPATHY and THYMUS GLAND involvement. It most frequently presents as a lymphoma, but a leukemic progression in the bone marrow is common.		02.6620
Arterial Inflammation
[description not available]		09.8642
Hypernutrition
[description not available]		03.8230
Rotavirus Infections
Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice.		04.7221
Bright Disease
A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.		02.6830
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		02.6830
Alopecia Circumscripta
[description not available]		02.8230
Alopecia Areata
Loss of scalp and body hair involving microscopically inflammatory patchy areas.		07.8230
Disease, Pulmonary
[description not available]		03.3470
Lung Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.		08.3470
Epithelial Neoplasms
[description not available]		05.28110
Interstitial Nephritis
[description not available]		04.3841
Nephritis, Interstitial
Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.		04.3841
Central Retinal Edema, Cystoid
[description not available]		02.1710
Macular Edema
Fluid accumulation in the outer layer of the MACULA LUTEA that results from intraocular or systemic insults. It may develop in a diffuse pattern where the macula appears thickened or it may acquire the characteristic petaloid appearance referred to as cystoid macular edema. Although macular edema may be associated with various underlying conditions, it is most commonly seen following intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, and posterior segment inflammatory disease. (From Survey of Ophthalmology 2004; 49(5) 470-90)		02.1710
Bunostomiasis
[description not available]		09.95333
Hookworm Infections
Infection of humans or animals with hookworms other than those caused by the genus Ancylostoma or Necator, for which the specific terms ANCYLOSTOMIASIS and NECATORIASIS are available.		09.95333
Exertional Heat Illness
[description not available]		04.1631
Neoplasms, Pleural
[description not available]		05.8751
Bilirubinemia
[description not available]		03.6130
Embryopathies
[description not available]		08.99442
Bacterial Endocarditides
[description not available]		02.3820
Endocarditis, Bacterial
Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use.		02.3820
Heavy Metal Poisoning
Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of HEAVY METALS. Acute and chronic exposures can cause ANEMIA; KIDNEY and LIVER damage; PULMONARY EDEMA; MEMORY LOSS and behavioral changes; bone deformities in children; and MISCARRIAGE or PREMATURE LABOR in pregnant women.		14.1510
Azoospermia
A condition of having no sperm present in the ejaculate (SEMEN).		0340
Latent Tuberculosis
The dormant form of TUBERCULOSIS where the person shows no obvious symptoms and no sign of the causative agent (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) in the SPUTUM despite being positive for tuberculosis infection skin test.		03.4120
Great Pox
[description not available]		03.8240
Syphilis
A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM.		03.8240
Lichen Ruber Planus
[description not available]		02.3620
Lichen Planus
An inflammatory, pruritic disease of the skin and mucous membranes, which can be either generalized or localized. It is characterized by distinctive purplish, flat-topped papules having a predilection for the trunk and flexor surfaces. The lesions may be discrete or coalesce to form plaques. Histologically, there is a saw-tooth pattern of epidermal hyperplasia and vacuolar alteration of the basal layer of the epidermis along with an intense upper dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of T-cells. Etiology is unknown.		02.3620
Cerebral Microangiopathies
[description not available]		02.5220
Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases
Pathological processes or diseases where cerebral MICROVESSELS show abnormalities. They are often associated with aging, hypertension and risk factors for lacunar infarcts (see LACUNAR INFARCTION); LEUKOARAIOSIS; and CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE.		02.5220
Embolism, Pulmonary
[description not available]		07.93134
Pulmonary Embolism
Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.		07.93134
Hypertension, Essential
[description not available]		03.0610
Essential Hypertension
Hypertension that occurs without known cause, or preexisting renal disease. Associated polymorphisms for a number of genes have been identified, including AGT, GNB3, and ECE1. OMIM: 145500		03.0610
Infections, Respiratory
[description not available]		012.343720
Respiratory Tract Infections
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.		012.343720
Infection, Toxoplasma gondii
[description not available]		04.44230
Toxoplasmosis
The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.		04.44230
Intertrochanteric Fractures
[description not available]		09.3153
Hip Fractures
Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).		09.3153
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei
[description not available]		08.74314
Ambulation Difficulty
[description not available]		02.5220
Cancer of Intestines
[description not available]		05.69190
Cat Diseases
Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.		04.7971
Intestinal Diseases
Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.		06.53270
Intestinal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.		010.69190
Testicular Diseases
Pathological processes of the TESTIS.		03.0440
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		05.4282
Dysesthesia
[description not available]		04.1960
Diffuse Myofascial Pain Syndrome
[description not available]		02.7930
Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome
[description not available]		05.771
Fibromyalgia
A common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by myalgia and multiple points of focal muscle tenderness to palpation (trigger points). Muscle pain is typically aggravated by inactivity or exposure to cold. This condition is often associated with general symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, stiffness, HEADACHES, and occasionally DEPRESSION. There is significant overlap between fibromyalgia and the chronic fatigue syndrome (FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC). Fibromyalgia may arise as a primary or secondary disease process. It is most frequent in females aged 20 to 50 years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1494-95)		07.7930
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic
A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9)		05.771
Chemotherapy-Induced Acral Erythema
[description not available]		07.5844
Hand-Foot Syndrome
Chemotherapy-induced dermal side effects that are associated with the use of various CYTOSTATIC AGENTS. Symptoms range from mild ERYTHEMA and/or PARESTHESIA to severe ulcerative dermatitis with debilitating pain involving typically palmoplantar and intertriginous areas. These cutaneous manifestations are sometimes accompanied by nail anomalies.		07.5844
Hypomenorrhea
[description not available]		06.9592
Critical Illness
A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.		05.582
Angor Pectoris
[description not available]		05.5861
Angina Pectoris
The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.		05.5861
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		016.359927
Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection
[description not available]		02.1510
Disease
A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.		06.09170
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness
[description not available]		02.3920
Pervasive Child Development Disorders
[description not available]		08.59180
Child Development Disorders, Pervasive
Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.		08.59180
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.1510
Intracranial Aneurysm
Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (		02.1510
Dermatitis
Any inflammation of the skin.		03.5490
Bed Sores
[description not available]		02.1710
Pressure Ulcer
An ulceration caused by prolonged pressure on the SKIN and TISSUES when one stays in one position for a long period of time, such as lying in bed. The bony areas of the body are the most frequently affected sites which become ischemic (ISCHEMIA) under sustained and constant pressure.		02.1710
Atrial Septal Defect
[description not available]		03.2760
Hepatitis B Virus Infection
[description not available]		03.5380
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		014.0711610
Hepatitis B
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		03.5380
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Diseases due to or propagated by sexual contact.		05.4551
Genital Tract Infections
[description not available]		05.1131
Atopic Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		02.9940
Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia
Gestational Trophoblastic diseases that are malignant. It does not include HYDATIDIFORM MOLE. However, there is a minority of authors that consider the term gestational trophoblastic neoplasia synonymous with gestational trophoblastic disease.		04.3840
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
A group of diseases arising from pregnancy that are commonly associated with hyperplasia of trophoblasts (TROPHOBLAST) and markedly elevated human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. They include HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, invasive mole (HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, INVASIVE), placental-site trophoblastic tumor (TROPHOBLASTIC TUMOR, PLACENTAL SITE), and CHORIOCARCINOMA. These neoplasms have varying propensities for invasion and spread.		04.3840
Choriocarcinoma
A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).		04.96150
Hay Fever
[description not available]		03.0910
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS.		03.0910
Wet Macular Degeneration
A form of RETINAL DEGENERATION in which abnormal CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION occurs under the RETINA and MACULA LUTEA, causing bleeding and leaking of fluid. This leads to bulging and or lifting of the macula and the distortion or destruction of central vision.		02.1710
Presbycusis
Gradual bilateral hearing loss associated with aging that is due to progressive degeneration of cochlear structures and central auditory pathways. Hearing loss usually begins with the high frequencies then progresses to sounds of middle and low frequencies.		02.8840
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic
[description not available]		03.6730
Dysembryoma
[description not available]		02.1710
Teratoma
A true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue, none of which is native to the area in which it occurs. It is composed of tissues that are derived from three germinal layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. They are classified histologically as mature (benign) or immature (malignant). (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1642)		02.1710
Infections, Prosthesis-Related
[description not available]		02.1710
Adult Premature Aging Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1710
Ataxia
Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.		04.04150
Sensation Disorders
Disorders of the special senses (i.e., VISION; HEARING; TASTE; and SMELL) or somatosensory system (i.e., afferent components of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM).		03.6330
CACH Syndrome
[description not available]		06.451
Marchiafava-Bignami Disease
A neurodegenerative condition that is characterized by demyelination or necrosis of the CORPUS CALLOSUM. Symptoms include DEPRESSION; PARANOIA; DEMENTIA; SEIZURES; and ATAXIA which can progress to COMA and death in a few months. Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome is seen often in alcoholics but has been found in non-alcoholics as well.		02.1710
Acquired Agraphia
[description not available]		02.1710
Apraxia
[description not available]		02.1710
Apraxias
A group of cognitive disorders characterized by the inability to perform previously learned skills that cannot be attributed to deficits of motor or sensory function. The two major subtypes of this condition are ideomotor (see APRAXIA, IDEOMOTOR) and ideational apraxia, which refers to loss of the ability to mentally formulate the processes involved with performing an action. For example, dressing apraxia may result from an inability to mentally formulate the act of placing clothes on the body. Apraxias are generally associated with lesions of the dominant PARIETAL LOBE and supramarginal gyrus. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp56-7)		02.1710
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System
[description not available]		07.73240
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.		07.73240
Cancer of Pituitary
[description not available]		03.940
Pituitary Neoplasms
Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.		03.940
Absence Status
[description not available]		03.1550
Status Epilepticus
A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)		03.1550
Infectious Diseases
[description not available]		03.7840
Fungal Diseases
[description not available]		04.2640
Communicable Diseases
An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.		03.7840
Mycoses
Diseases caused by FUNGI.		04.2640
Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		04.3841
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).		04.3841
Polyneuropathy, Acquired
[description not available]		04.96150
Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Familial
[description not available]		04.2560
Polyneuropathies
Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance.		04.96150
Complications, Parasitic Pregnancy
[description not available]		010.76166
African Lymphoma
[description not available]		03.0850
B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.9640
Burkitt Lymphoma
A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.		03.0850
Lymphoma, B-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.		02.9640
EBV Infections
[description not available]		03.7630
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections
Infection with human herpesvirus 4 (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN); which may facilitate the development of various lymphoproliferative disorders. These include BURKITT LYMPHOMA (African type), INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS, and oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).		03.7630
Break-Bone Fever
[description not available]		03.1950
Dengue
An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.		03.1950
Infections, Staphylococcal Skin
[description not available]		02.1710
Staphylococcal Skin Infections
Infections to the skin caused by bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		02.1710
Nicotine Addiction
[description not available]		03.0910
Tobacco Use Disorder
Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included.		03.0910
Exfoliation Glaucoma
[description not available]		04.9780
Exfoliation Syndrome
The deposition of flaky, translucent fibrillar material most conspicuous on the anterior lens capsule and pupillary margin but also in both surfaces of the iris, the zonules, trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, corneal endothelium, and orbital blood vessels. It sometimes forms a membrane on the anterior iris surface. Exfoliation refers to the shedding of pigment by the iris. (Newell, Ophthalmology, 7th ed, p380)		09.9780
Intradural-Extramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.8320
Spinal Cord Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplasms which occur within the substance of the spinal cord (intramedullary neoplasms) or in the space between the dura and spinal cord (intradural extramedullary neoplasms). The majority of intramedullary spinal tumors are primary CNS neoplasms including ASTROCYTOMA; EPENDYMOMA; and LIPOMA. Intramedullary neoplasms are often associated with SYRINGOMYELIA. The most frequent histologic types of intradural-extramedullary tumors are MENINGIOMA and NEUROFIBROMA.		03.8320
Acute Autoimmune Neuropathy
[description not available]		02.3720
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
An acute inflammatory autoimmune neuritis caused by T cell- mediated cellular immune response directed towards peripheral myelin. Demyelination occurs in peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, surgery, immunization, lymphoma, or exposure to toxins. Common clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, loss of sensation, and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Weakness of respiratory muscles and autonomic dysfunction may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1312-1314)		02.3720
Bronchiolitis
Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES.		02.2110
Mucositis, Oral
[description not available]		08.4193
Stomatitis
INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.		013.4193
Febrile Neutropenia
Fever accompanied by a significant reduction in the number of NEUTROPHILS.		02.1710
Genetic Diseases, X-Chromosome Linked
[description not available]		02.6930
MODS
[description not available]		04.1231
Lymphoma, T Cell, Peripheral
[description not available]		04.3840
Multiple Organ Failure
A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.		04.1231
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral
A group of malignant lymphomas thought to derive from peripheral T-lymphocytes in lymph nodes and other nonlymphoid sites. They include a broad spectrum of lymphocyte morphology, but in all instances express T-cell markers admixed with epithelioid histiocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils. Although markedly similar to large-cell immunoblastic lymphoma (LYMPHOMA, LARGE-CELL, IMMUNOBLASTIC), this group's unique features warrant separate treatment.		16.3840
Alactasia
[description not available]		05.92140
Lactose Intolerance
The condition resulting from the absence or deficiency of LACTASE in the MUCOSA cells of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, and the inability to break down LACTOSE in milk for ABSORPTION. Bacterial fermentation of the unabsorbed lactose leads to symptoms that range from a mild indigestion (DYSPEPSIA) to severe DIARRHEA. Lactose intolerance may be an inborn error or acquired.		05.92140
Neglected Diseases
Diseases that are underfunded and have low name recognition but are major burdens in less developed countries. The World Health Organization has designated six tropical infectious diseases as being neglected in industrialized countries that are endemic in many developing countries (HELMINTHIASIS; LEPROSY; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; ONCHOCERCIASIS; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; and TRACHOMA).		03.0910
African Sleeping Sickness
[description not available]		03.5830
Trypanosomiasis, African
A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.		03.5830
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
A syndrome of multiple defects characterized primarily by umbilical hernia (HERNIA, UMBILICAL); MACROGLOSSIA; and GIGANTISM; and secondarily by visceromegaly; HYPOGLYCEMIA; and ear abnormalities.		02.1710
Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, Lowered Platelets
[description not available]		09.27114
HELLP Syndrome
A syndrome of HEMOLYSIS, elevated liver ENZYMES, and low blood platelets count (THROMBOCYTOPENIA). HELLP syndrome is observed in pregnant women with PRE-ECLAMPSIA or ECLAMPSIA who also exhibit LIVER damage and abnormalities in BLOOD COAGULATION.		09.27114
Pernicious Vomiting of Pregnancy
[description not available]		04.8680
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Intractable VOMITING that develops in early PREGNANCY and persists. This can lead to DEHYDRATION and WEIGHT LOSS.		04.8680
Chronic Hepatitis B
[description not available]		02.1710
Hepatitis B, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		02.1710
Bladder Pain Syndrome
[description not available]		03.1210
Cystitis, Interstitial
A condition with recurring discomfort or pain in the URINARY BLADDER and the surrounding pelvic region without an identifiable disease. Severity of pain in interstitial cystitis varies greatly and often is accompanied by increased urination frequency and urgency.		03.1210
Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial
[description not available]		04.7660
Mitochondrial Diseases
Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.		04.7660
Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia
A benign form of endometrial hyperplasia with increased number of cells with atypia. The atypical cells are large and irregular and have an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. The risk of progression to endometrial carcinoma rises with the increasing degree of cell atypia.		03.5611
Endometrial Hyperplasia
Benign proliferation of the ENDOMETRIUM in the UTERUS. Endometrial hyperplasia is classified by its cytology and glandular tissue. There are simple, complex (adenomatous without atypia), and atypical hyperplasia representing also the ascending risk of becoming malignant.		08.5611
Cerebellar Diseases
Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.		04.8880
Aphthae
[description not available]		012.29359
Stomatitis, Aphthous
A recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. It is characterized by small white ulcerative lesions, single or multiple, round or oval. Two to eight crops of lesions occur per year, lasting for 7 to 14 days and then heal without scarring. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p742)		012.29359
Calcification, Pathologic
[description not available]		08.46134
Calcinosis
Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.		08.46134
Poisoning, Mercury
[description not available]		08.8174
Mercury Poisoning
Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of MERCURY or MERCURY COMPOUNDS.		08.8174
Pancreatic Insufficiency
[description not available]		04.4180
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
A malabsorption condition resulting from greater than 10% reduction in the secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes (LIPASE; PROTEASES; and AMYLASE) by the EXOCRINE PANCREAS into the DUODENUM. This condition is often associated with CYSTIC FIBROSIS and with chronic PANCREATITIS.		04.4180
Blood Loss, Postoperative
[description not available]		02.2510
Blood Loss, Surgical
Loss of blood during a surgical procedure.		04.1731
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.		06.8793
Neuropathy, Subacute Combined Degeneration
[description not available]		04.58100
Myelopathy
[description not available]		011.88310
Spinal Cord Diseases
Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.		06.88310
Choline Deficiency
A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)		011.03514
Varicocele
A condition characterized by the dilated tortuous veins of the SPERMATIC CORD with a marked left-sided predominance. Adverse effect on male fertility occurs when varicocele leads to an increased scrotal (and testicular) temperature and reduced testicular volume.		06.4944
Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		010.65343
Colicky Pain
[description not available]		05.4851
Abdominal Pain
Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.		05.4851
Anovulation
Suspension or cessation of OVULATION in animals or humans with follicle-containing ovaries (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). Depending on the etiology, OVULATION may be induced with appropriate therapy.		06.1462
Spherocytosis, Hereditary
A group of familial congenital hemolytic anemias characterized by numerous abnormally shaped erythrocytes which are generally spheroidal. The erythrocytes have increased osmotic fragility and are abnormally permeable to sodium ions.		06.16180
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix
A cytological test finding often from PAP SMEARS that shows abnormal lesions of SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS of the CERVIX. It is a diagnostic criterion used in the Bethesda System for UTERINE CERVICAL NEOPLASMS and represents the PAP TEST result that is abnormal. Although squamous intraepithelial lesions test result does not mean UTERINE CERVICAL NEOPLASMS it requires follow-ups (e.g., HPV DNA TESTS; and COLPOSCOPY).		02.5420
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		02.2110
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.		02.2110
Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia
[description not available]		02.520
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic
Thrombocytopenia occurring in the absence of toxic exposure or a disease associated with decreased platelets. It is mediated by immune mechanisms, in most cases IMMUNOGLOBULIN G autoantibodies which attach to platelets and subsequently undergo destruction by macrophages. The disease is seen in acute (affecting children) and chronic (adult) forms.		02.520
Atrophy, Muscular, Peroneal
[description not available]		02.2110
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
A hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy transmitted most often as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by progressive distal wasting and loss of reflexes in the muscles of the legs (and occasionally involving the arms). Onset is usually in the second to fourth decade of life. This condition has been divided into two subtypes, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) types I and II. HMSN I is associated with abnormal nerve conduction velocities and nerve hypertrophy, features not seen in HMSN II. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343)		02.2110
Eye Disorders
[description not available]		04.9890
Eye Diseases
Diseases affecting the eye.		04.9890
Anotia
[description not available]		03.0140
Classic Galactosemia
[description not available]		04.0630
Galactosemias
A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3)		04.0630
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		010.62471
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		07.07321
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		117.62471
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		07.07321
Itching
[description not available]		02.8740
Dermatosclerosis
[description not available]		0340
Leg Dermatoses
A nonspecific term used to denote any cutaneous lesion or group of lesions, or eruptions of any type on the leg. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.520
Pruritus
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.		02.8740
Scleroderma, Localized
A term used to describe a variety of localized asymmetrical SKIN thickening that is similar to those of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA but without the disease features in the multiple internal organs and BLOOD VESSELS. Lesions may be characterized as patches or plaques (morphea), bands (linear), or nodules.		0340
Ambulation Disorders, Neurologic
[description not available]		02.4920
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome
[description not available]		05.64100
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.		04.3780
Demyelinating Diseases
Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.		05.64100
Chronic Insomnia
[description not available]		05.771
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.		05.771
Cancer of the Tongue
[description not available]		02.3820
Tongue Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE.		02.3820
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
A condition in which the hepatic venous outflow is obstructed anywhere from the small HEPATIC VEINS to the junction of the INFERIOR VENA CAVA and the RIGHT ATRIUM. Usually the blockage is extrahepatic and caused by blood clots (THROMBUS) or fibrous webs. Parenchymal FIBROSIS is uncommon.		02.2110
Diseases of Immune System
[description not available]		03.5490
Immune System Diseases
Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.		03.5490
Colon Cancer, Familial Nonpolyposis
[description not available]		05.1250
Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis
A group of autosomal-dominant inherited diseases in which COLON CANCER arises in discrete adenomas. Unlike FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI with hundreds of polyps, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms occur much later, in the fourth and fifth decades. HNPCC has been associated with germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes. It has been subdivided into Lynch syndrome I or site-specific colonic cancer, and LYNCH SYNDROME II which includes extracolonic cancer.		05.1250
Impotence, Arteriogenic
[description not available]		02.5220
Hyperammonemia
Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA.		02.2110
Cell Transformation, Viral
An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.		02.9340
Dermal Sinus
[description not available]		06.1694
Blood Diseases
[description not available]		011.81724
Hematologic Diseases
Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.		011.81724
Drug-Induced Cochlear Toxicity
[description not available]		02.2110
Ototoxicity
Damage to the EAR or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.		07.2110
Diseases of Endocrine System
[description not available]		05.1841
Endocrine System Diseases
Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.		05.1841
Postoperative Cognitive Complications
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT or functional decline after a surgical procedure.		02.2110
Cancer of the Urinary Tract
[description not available]		03.7430
Orphan Diseases
Rare diseases that have not been well studied.		02.6830
Stasis Ulcer
[description not available]		04.2941
Varicose Ulcer
Skin breakdown or ulceration in the drainage area of a VARICOSE VEIN, usually in the leg.		04.2941
Colonic Polyps
Discrete tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the COLON. These POLYPS are connected to the wall of the colon either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.		09.4195
Plica Syndrome
[description not available]		03.1850
Synovitis
Inflammation of the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.		03.1850
Brain Hemorrhage
[description not available]		03.3920
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid
[description not available]		03.6630
Eclampsia
Onset of HYPERREFLEXIA; SEIZURES; or COMA in a previously diagnosed pre-eclamptic patient (PRE-ECLAMPSIA).		05.2170
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.		03.6630
Intracranial Hemorrhages
Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.		03.3920
Cerebral Hemorrhage, Hypertensive
[description not available]		04.4111
Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia
[description not available]		03.4611
Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined
A type of familial lipid metabolism disorder characterized by a variable pattern of elevated plasma CHOLESTEROL and/or TRIGLYCERIDES. Multiple genes on different chromosomes may be involved, such as the major late transcription factor (UPSTREAM STIMULATORY FACTORS) on CHROMOSOME 1.		03.4611
Anemia Neonatorum
[description not available]		05.7964
Anemia, Neonatal
The mildest form of erythroblastosis fetalis in which anemia is the chief manifestation.		05.7964
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		04.6160
Endocardial Cushion Defect
[description not available]		02.0810
Cardiac Septal Defect
[description not available]		03.2560
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		04.6160
Endocardial Cushion Defects
A spectrum of septal defects involving the ATRIAL SEPTUM; VENTRICULAR SEPTUM; and the atrioventricular valves (TRICUSPID VALVE; BICUSPID VALVE). These defects are due to incomplete growth and fusion of the ENDOCARDIAL CUSHIONS which are important in the formation of two atrioventricular canals, site of future atrioventricular valves.		02.0810
Back Ache
[description not available]		03.0650
Back Pain
Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions.		03.0650
Gingivostomatitis, Herpetic
[description not available]		02.4320
Microglossia
[description not available]		02.3720
Acute Membranous Gingivitis
[description not available]		02.6530
Lip Diseases
Diseases involving the LIP.		02.0810
Stomatitis, Herpetic
Stomatitis caused by Herpesvirus hominis. It usually occurs as acute herpetic stomatitis (or gingivostomatitis), an oral manifestation of primary herpes simplex seen primarily in children and adolescents.		02.4320
Drug Overdose
Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.		03.0850
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease
[description not available]		04.3241
Infections, Listeria
[description not available]		02.0810
Cytomegalovirus Infections
Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.		04.3241
Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer
[description not available]		02.0810
Carcinoma, Papillary
A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.4620
Cancer of the Thyroid
[description not available]		02.9340
Thyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.		02.9340
Minimal Disease, Residual
[description not available]		02.0810
Cholangiitis, Sclerosing
[description not available]		05.0331
Cholangitis, Sclerosing
Chronic inflammatory disease of the BILIARY TRACT. It is characterized by fibrosis and hardening of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ductal systems leading to bile duct strictures, CHOLESTASIS, and eventual BILIARY CIRRHOSIS.		05.0331
Corneal Diseases
Diseases of the cornea.		02.0810
Cancer of Eye
[description not available]		02.0810
Blastocyst Disintegration
[description not available]		03.84110
Blast Phase
[description not available]		02.4320
Granulocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		07.35510
Blast Crisis
An advanced phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia, characterized by a rapid increase in the proportion of immature white blood cells (blasts) in the blood and bone marrow to greater than 30%.		02.4320
Leukemia, Myeloid
Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.		07.35510
Environmental Hypersensitivities
[description not available]		0310
Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.0810
Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive
A form of multiple sclerosis characterized by a progressive deterioration in neurologic function which is in contrast to the more typical relapsing remitting form. If the clinical course is free of distinct remissions, it is referred to as primary progressive multiple sclerosis. When the progressive decline is punctuated by acute exacerbations, it is referred to as progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis. The term secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is used when relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis evolves into the chronic progressive form. (From Ann Neurol 1994;36 Suppl:S73-S79; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)		02.0810
Maternal Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Deficiency Disease
[description not available]		02.4420
Parodontosis
[description not available]		04.1560
Periodontal Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.		04.1560
Gastric Ulcer
[description not available]		05.13111
Stomach Ulcer
Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		05.13111
Inappropriate GH Secretion Syndrome (Acromegaly)
[description not available]		02.7930
Acromegaly
A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. The most common etiology is a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp79-80)		07.7930
Alcohol-Induced Disorders
Disorders stemming from the misuse and abuse of alcohol.		07.2560
Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction
[description not available]		02.110
Panic Attacks
[description not available]		02.110
Panic Disorder
A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks that last minutes or, rarely, hours. Panic attacks begin with intense apprehension, fear or terror and, often, a feeling of impending doom. Symptoms experienced during a panic attack include dyspnea or sensations of being smothered; dizziness, loss of balance or faintness; choking sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; shakiness; sweating; nausea or other form of abdominal distress; depersonalization or derealization; paresthesias; hot flashes or chills; chest discomfort or pain; fear of dying and fear of not being in control of oneself or going crazy. Agoraphobia may also develop. Similar to other anxiety disorders, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.		02.110
Anasarca
[description not available]		05.36230
Eyelid Diseases
Diseases involving the EYELIDS.		02.0810
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		05.36230
Cancer of Rectum
[description not available]		09245
Rectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.		111245
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular
[description not available]		09.91234
Peripheral Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.		09.91234
Fifth Phacomatosis
[description not available]		02.0810
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed
[description not available]		02.7330
Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome
Hereditary disorder consisting of multiple basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic keratocysts, and multiple skeletal defects, e.g., frontal and temporoparietal bossing, bifurcated and splayed ribs, kyphoscoliosis, fusion of vertebrae, and cervicothoracic spina bifida. Genetic transmission is autosomal dominant.		02.0810
Medulloblastoma
A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)		07.7330
Peripheral Arterial Diseases
[description not available]		05.6361
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.		05.6361
Angina Pectoris, Stable
[description not available]		05.3722
Angina, Stable
Persistent and reproducible chest discomfort usually precipitated by a physical exertion that dissipates upon cessation of such an activity. The symptoms are manifestations of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA.		05.3722
Direct Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal
[description not available]		02.0810
Beriberi, Cerebral
[description not available]		07.5490
Deficiency, Protein
[description not available]		08.08411
Infant Malnutrition
Malnutrition, occurring in infants ages 1 month to 24 months, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.		08.2253
Hypomelanosis
[description not available]		03.3620
Hypopigmentation
A condition caused by a deficiency or a loss of melanin pigmentation in the epidermis, also known as hypomelanosis. Hypopigmentation can be localized or generalized, and may result from genetic defects, trauma, inflammation, or infections.		03.3620
Muscle Disorders
[description not available]		04.8580
Muscular Diseases
Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.		04.8580
Diseases in Twins
Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.		06.07111
Catarrh
Inflammation of a mucous membrane with increased flow of mucous in humans or animals. Catarrh is used mostly in a historical context.		02.0810
Common Cold
A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.		02.0810
Central Nervous System Disease
[description not available]		06.21190
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		011.56645
Central Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.		06.21190
Esophagitis, Reflux
[description not available]		03.8340
Esophagitis, Peptic
INFLAMMATION of the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by the reflux of GASTRIC JUICE with contents of the STOMACH and DUODENUM.		03.8340
Nephrosclerosis
Hardening of the KIDNEY due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (FIBROSIS), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic HYPERTENSION. Nephrosclerosis leads to renal ISCHEMIA.		02.110
Hypesthesia
Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation.		02.9340
Varices
[description not available]		03.260
Asialia
[description not available]		02.0810
Varicose Veins
Enlarged and tortuous VEINS.		03.260
Xerostomia
Decreased salivary flow.		02.0810
Female Genital Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.9750
Genital Neoplasms, Female
Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		03.9750
AIDS Seroconversion
[description not available]		06.3882
Cancer of Parathyroid
[description not available]		02.0810
Parathyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PARATHYROID GLANDS.		02.0810
Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome
[description not available]		03.0110
Progeria
An abnormal congenital condition, associated with defects in the LAMIN TYPE A gene, which is characterized by premature aging in children, where all the changes of cell senescence occur. It is manifested by premature graying; hair loss; hearing loss (DEAFNESS); cataracts (CATARACT); ARTHRITIS; OSTEOPOROSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; atrophy of subcutaneous fat; skeletal hypoplasia; elevated urinary HYALURONIC ACID; and accelerated ATHEROSCLEROSIS. Many affected individuals develop malignant tumors, especially SARCOMA.		03.0110
Glaucoma
An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)		02.9740
Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous
A malignant cystic or semicystic neoplasm. It often occurs in the ovary and usually bilaterally. The external surface is usually covered with papillary excrescences. Microscopically, the papillary patterns are predominantly epithelial overgrowths with differentiated and undifferentiated papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma cells. Psammoma bodies may be present. The tumor generally adheres to surrounding structures and produces ascites. (From Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p185)		02.7230
Glycosuria
The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).		02.8840
Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic
[description not available]		02.0810
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever		02.0810
Bleeding Between Periods
[description not available]		06.1241
Oligomenorrhea
Abnormally infrequent menstruation.		04.8121
Metrorrhagia
Abnormal uterine bleeding that is not related to MENSTRUATION, usually in females without regular MENSTRUAL CYCLE. The irregular and unpredictable bleeding usually comes from a dysfunctional ENDOMETRIUM.		06.1241
Hyperandrogenism
A condition caused by the excessive secretion of ANDROGENS from the ADRENAL CORTEX; the OVARIES; or the TESTES. The clinical significance in males is negligible. In women, the common manifestations are HIRSUTISM and VIRILISM as seen in patients with POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME and ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERFUNCTION.		04.411
Cancer of the Fallopian Tube
[description not available]		02.110
Fallopian Tube Neoplasms
Benign or malignant neoplasms of the FALLOPIAN TUBES. They are uncommon. If they develop, they may be located in the wall or within the lumen as a growth attached to the wall by a stalk.		14.110
Edema, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.0810
Pulmonary Edema
Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.		02.0810
Nephrotic Syndrome
A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.		03.2460
Coronary Restenosis
Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.		09.07204
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		03.67100
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse
Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.		03.67100
Sarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		03.81120
Sarcoma
A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.		08.81120
Gastroduodenal Ulcer
[description not available]		03.5790
Peptic Ulcer
Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		03.5790
Placenta, Retained
A placenta that fails to be expelled after BIRTH of the FETUS. A PLACENTA is retained when the UTERUS fails to contract after the delivery of its content, or when the placenta is abnormally attached to the MYOMETRIUM.		03.4811
Bovine Diseases
[description not available]		04.2941
Acetonemia
[description not available]		08.9881
Milk Fever, Animal
[description not available]		03.4811
Precordial Catch
[description not available]		04.0650
Chest Pain
Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.		04.0650
Hemorrhage, Retinal
[description not available]		03.2760
Dermatitis Seborrheica
[description not available]		02.3320
Dermatitis, Seborrheic
A chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with unknown etiology. It is characterized by moderate ERYTHEMA, dry, moist, or greasy (SEBACEOUS GLAND) scaling and yellow crusted patches on various areas, especially the scalp, that exfoliate as dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis is common in children and adolescents with HIV INFECTIONS.		02.3320
Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
[description not available]		04.7470
Transfusion Reaction
Complications of BLOOD TRANSFUSION. Included adverse reactions are common allergic and febrile reactions; hemolytic (delayed and acute) reactions; and other non-hemolytic adverse reactions such as infections and adverse immune reactions related to immunocompatibility.		04.7470
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		013.47231
Infections, Chlamydia
[description not available]		03.8140
Arthritis, Post-Infectious
[description not available]		02.4820
Chlamydia Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.		03.8140
Arthritis, Reactive
An aseptic, inflammatory arthritis developing secondary to a primary extra-articular infection, most typically of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or UROGENITAL SYSTEM. The initiating trigger pathogens are usually SHIGELLA; SALMONELLA; YERSINIA; CAMPYLOBACTER; or CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. Reactive arthritis is strongly associated with HLA-B27 ANTIGEN.		02.4820
Cerebral Malaria
[description not available]		02.9640
Autoimmune Thyroiditis
[description not available]		02.7430
Jaw, Edentulous, Partially
Absence of teeth from a portion of the mandible and/or maxilla.		04.4322
Deficiency, Magnesium
[description not available]		02.6530
Magnesium Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)		02.6530
Bronchiolitis, Viral
An acute inflammatory disease of the lower RESPIRATORY TRACT, caused by paramyxoviruses, occurring primarily in infants and young children; the viruses most commonly implicated are PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS TYPE 3; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS, HUMAN; and METAPNEUMOVIRUS.		02.110
Cannabis Abuse
[description not available]		02.7530
Marijuana Abuse
Use of marijuana associated with abnormal psychological, social, and or occupational functioning.		02.7530
Menopause
The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.		09.29251
Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
[description not available]		03.5690
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.		03.5690
Urinary Tract Infections
Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.		07.89262
Rhabdomyolysis
Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.		02.110
Atresia, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.110
Puerperal Disorders
Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans.		08.82347
Anal Atresia
[description not available]		02.9840
Adnexitis
Inflammation of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including infection of the FALLOPIAN TUBES (SALPINGITIS), the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), or the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS).		02.5120
Paroxysmal Reciprocal Tachycardia
[description not available]		02.4920
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
A spectrum of inflammation involving the female upper genital tract and the supporting tissues. It is usually caused by an ascending infection of organisms from the endocervix. Infection may be confined to the uterus (ENDOMETRITIS), the FALLOPIAN TUBES; (SALPINGITIS); the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS), or may involve several of the above uterine appendages. Such inflammation can lead to functional impairment and infertility.		02.5120
Tachycardia, Paroxysmal
Abnormally rapid heartbeats with sudden onset and cessation.		02.4920
Tachycardia, Supraventricular
A generic expression for any tachycardia that originates above the BUNDLE OF HIS.		02.4920
Deficiency, Vitamin E
[description not available]		06.93210
Chicken Pox
[description not available]		02.3720
Chickenpox
A highly contagious infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). It usually affects children, is spread by direct contact or respiratory route via droplet nuclei, and is characterized by the appearance on the skin and mucous membranes of successive crops of typical pruritic vesicular lesions that are easily broken and become scabbed. Chickenpox is relatively benign in children, but may be complicated by pneumonia and encephalitis in adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.3720
Hypoascorbemia
[description not available]		06.1310
Scurvy
An acquired blood vessel disorder caused by severe deficiency of vitamin C (ASCORBIC ACID) in the diet leading to defective collagen formation in small blood vessels. Scurvy is characterized by bleeding in any tissue, weakness, ANEMIA, spongy gums, and a brawny induration of the muscles of the calves and legs.		06.1310
Acute Mesenteric Arterial Embolus
[description not available]		02.110
Nasal Bleeding
[description not available]		03.0850
Marchiafava-Micheli Syndrome
[description not available]		04.96150
Hemorrhage, Gingival
[description not available]		02.6730
Epistaxis
Bleeding from the nose.		03.0850
Gingival Hemorrhage
The flowing of blood from the marginal gingival area, particularly the sulcus, seen in such conditions as GINGIVITIS, marginal PERIODONTITIS, injury, and ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY.		07.6730
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal
A condition characterized by the recurrence of HEMOGLOBINURIA caused by intravascular HEMOLYSIS. In cases occurring upon cold exposure (paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria), usually after infections, there is a circulating antibody which is also a cold hemolysin. In cases occurring during or after sleep (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria), the clonal hematopoietic stem cells exhibit a global deficiency of cell membrane proteins.		04.96150
Diabetic Angiopathies
VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.		08.38203
Cancer of Pharynx
[description not available]		04.340
Pharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PHARYNX.		04.340
Action Myoclonus-Renal Failure Syndrome
[description not available]		02.110
Animal Mammary Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.9740
Cerebrovascular Moyamoya Disease
[description not available]		02.110
Drop Attack
[description not available]		02.110
Syncope
A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)		02.110
Adjustment Sleep Disorder
[description not available]		02.110
Facial Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the FACE.		02.3820
Maternal Death
The death of the female parent.		05.7321
Arthritis, Juvenile Chronic
[description not available]		07.58121
Arthritis, Juvenile
Arthritis in children, with onset before 16 years of age. The terms juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) refer to classification systems for chronic arthritis in children. Only one subtype of juvenile arthritis (polyarticular-onset, rheumatoid factor-positive) clinically resembles adult rheumatoid arthritis and is considered its childhood equivalent.		07.58121
Craniofacial Pain
[description not available]		03.0410
Temporomandibular Disorders
[description not available]		03.4120
Facial Pain
Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES.		03.0410
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600)		03.4120
Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm
[description not available]		02.4620
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA).		02.4620
Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis
[description not available]		07.1110
Meningitis, Pneumococcal
An acute purulent infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, most prevalent in children and adults over the age of 60. This illness may be associated with OTITIS MEDIA; MASTOIDITIS; SINUSITIS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; sickle cell disease (ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL); skull fractures; and other disorders. Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; neck stiffness; and somnolence followed by SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits (notably DEAFNESS); and COMA. (From Miller et al., Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p111)		02.1110
Audiogenic Epilepsy
[description not available]		02.110
Epilepsy, Reflex
A subtype of epilepsy characterized by seizures that are consistently provoked by a certain specific stimulus. Auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli as well as the acts of writing, reading, eating, and decision making are examples of events or activities that may induce seizure activity in affected individuals. (From Neurol Clin 1994 Feb;12(1):57-8)		02.110
Glycine Encephalopathy
[description not available]		02.5220
Sickle Cell Trait
The condition of being heterozygous for hemoglobin S.		03.3220
Academic Disorder, Developmental
[description not available]		02.3920
Learning Disabilities
Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.		02.3920
Cataract, Membranous
[description not available]		04.8981
Cataract
Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)		09.8981
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)		04.59100
Bone Marrow Diseases
Diseases involving the BONE MARROW.		09.23333
Enteropathy, Exudative
[description not available]		04.1260
Protein-Losing Enteropathies
Pathological conditions in the INTESTINES that are characterized by the gastrointestinal loss of serum proteins, including SERUM ALBUMIN; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; and at times LYMPHOCYTES. Severe condition can result in HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA or LYMPHOPENIA. Protein-losing enteropathies are associated with a number of diseases including INTESTINAL LYMPHANGIECTASIS; WHIPPLE'S DISEASE; and NEOPLASMS of the SMALL INTESTINE.		04.1260
Bilateral Wilms Tumor
[description not available]		02.4920
Wilms Tumor
A malignant kidney tumor, caused by the uncontrolled multiplication of renal stem (blastemal), stromal (STROMAL CELLS), and epithelial (EPITHELIAL CELLS) elements. However, not all three are present in every case. Several genes or chromosomal areas have been associated with Wilms tumor which is usually found in childhood as a firm lump in a child's side or ABDOMEN.		02.4920
Alcohol Withdrawal Associated Autonomic Hyperactivity
[description not available]		02.8940
Lichen Planus, Oral
Oral lesions accompanying cutaneous lichen planus or often occurring alone. The buccal mucosa, lips, gingivae, floor of the mouth, and palate are usually affected (in a descending order of frequency). Typically, oral lesions consist of radiating white or gray, velvety, threadlike lines, arranged in a reticular pattern, at the intersection of which there may be minute, white, elevated dots or streaks (Wickham's striae). (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry)		02.4420
Leukostasis
Abnormal intravascular leukocyte aggregation and clumping often seen in leukemia patients. The brain and lungs are the two most commonly affected organs. This acute syndrome requires aggressive cytoreductive modalities including chemotherapy and/or leukophoresis. It is differentiated from LEUKEMIC INFILTRATION which is a neoplastic process where leukemic cells invade organs.		02.1110
Bilophila Infections
[description not available]		02.1110
Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome
[description not available]		03.9140
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Group of rare congenital disorders characterized by impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, leukopenia, and low or absent antibody levels. It is inherited as an X-linked or autosomal recessive defect. Mutations occurring in many different genes cause human Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID).		03.9140
Beriberi
A disease caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1) and characterized by polyneuritis, cardiac pathology, and edema. The epidemic form is found primarily in areas in which white (polished) rice is the staple food, as in Japan, China, the Philippines, India, and other countries of southeast Asia. (Dorland, 27th ed)		08.9850
Hyperphagia
Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.		02.1110
Hyperlactatemia
Increase in blood LACTATE concentration often associated with SEPTIC SHOCK; LUNG INJURY; SEPSIS; and DRUG TOXICITY. When hyperlactatemia is associated with low body pH (acidosis) it is LACTIC ACIDOSIS.		02.1110
Bradyarrhythmia
[description not available]		02.6730
Bradycardia
Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.		02.6730
Antral Vascular Ectasia
[description not available]		02.1110
Anemia, Hypoplastic
[description not available]		07.34510
Viremia
The presence of viruses in the blood.		02.1110
Anemia, Aplastic
A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.		07.34510
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive
[description not available]		02.1110
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).		02.1110
Adverse Effects, Long Term
[description not available]		02.1110
Lower Urinary Tract Symptom
[description not available]		02.1110
Genetic Non-Disjunction
[description not available]		04.3470
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic
[description not available]		02.1110
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver
[description not available]		02.9140
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic
Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).		02.1110
Adenomatous Polyps
Benign neoplasms derived from glandular epithelium. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		012.58123
Cacosmia
[description not available]		02.1310
Taste Disorder, Anterior Tongue
[description not available]		02.1310
Night Blindness
Failure or imperfection of vision at night or in dim light, with good vision only on bright days. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.3920
Aortic Dissection
[description not available]		02.7630
Gingival Hyperplasia
Non-inflammatory enlargement of the gingivae produced by factors other than local irritation. It is characteristically due to an increase in the number of cells. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p400)		013.54116
Asymptomatic Conditions
[description not available]		03.6930
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
[description not available]		02.8640
Menorrhagia
Excessive uterine bleeding during MENSTRUATION.		02.8640
Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Irreversible FIBROSIS of the submucosal tissue of the MOUTH.		07.1110
Psychological Trauma
An emotionally painful, shocking, stressful, and sometimes life-threatening experience. It can result from witnessing distressing events such as natural disasters, physical or sexual abuse, and terrorism or other acts of violence. (https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/)		02.1110
Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
[description not available]		02.4820
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month.		02.4820
Low Tension Glaucoma
A form of glaucoma in which chronic optic nerve damage and loss of vision normally attributable to buildup of intraocular pressure occurs despite prevailing conditions of normal intraocular pressure.		03.420
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		07.3181
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		07.3181
Hyperparathyroidism
A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.		02.3920
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
[description not available]		02.1310
Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic
An autosomal dominant vascular anomaly characterized by telangiectases of the skin and mucous membranes and by recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. This disorder is caused by mutations of a gene (on chromosome 9q3) which encodes endoglin, a membrane glycoprotein that binds TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA.		02.1310
Nerve Root Avulsion
[description not available]		02.1110
Radiculopathy
Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see SPINAL NERVE ROOTS) which may result from compression related to INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPINAL DISEASES; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root.		02.1110
Fallot's Tetralogy
[description not available]		02.1110
Dextro-Looped Transposition of the Great Arteries
[description not available]		03.6530
Tetralogy of Fallot
A combination of congenital heart defects consisting of four key features including VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS; PULMONARY STENOSIS; RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; and a dextro-positioned AORTA. In this condition, blood from both ventricles (oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor) is pumped into the body often causing CYANOSIS.		02.1110
Transposition of Great Vessels
A congenital cardiovascular malformation in which the AORTA arises entirely from the RIGHT VENTRICLE, and the PULMONARY ARTERY arises from the LEFT VENTRICLE. Consequently, the pulmonary and the systemic circulations are parallel and not sequential, so that the venous return from the peripheral circulation is re-circulated by the right ventricle via aorta to the systemic circulation without being oxygenated in the lungs. This is a potentially lethal form of heart disease in newborns and infants.		03.6530
Tooth Discoloration
Any change in the hue, color, or translucency of a tooth due to any cause. Restorative filling materials, drugs (both topical and systemic), pulpal necrosis, or hemorrhage may be responsible. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p253)		02.1110
Asphyxia Neonatorum
Respiratory failure in the newborn. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.4720
Multiple System Atrophy Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1110
Multiple System Atrophy
A syndrome complex composed of three conditions which represent clinical variants of the same disease process: STRIATONIGRAL DEGENERATION; SHY-DRAGER SYNDROME; and the sporadic form of OLIVOPONTOCEREBELLAR ATROPHIES. Clinical features include autonomic, cerebellar, and basal ganglia dysfunction. Pathologic examination reveals atrophy of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, pons, and medulla, with prominent loss of autonomic neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1076; Baillieres Clin Neurol 1997 Apr;6(1):187-204; Med Clin North Am 1999 Mar;83(2):381-92)		02.1110
Hypoalbuminemia
A condition in which albumin level in blood (SERUM ALBUMIN) is below the normal range. Hypoalbuminemia may be due to decreased hepatic albumin synthesis, increased albumin catabolism, altered albumin distribution, or albumin loss through the urine (ALBUMINURIA).		02.5220
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		08.02212
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		08.02212
Muscle Pain
[description not available]		02.1310
Eosinophilia, Tropical
[description not available]		03.2260
Fasciitis
Inflammation of the fascia. There are three major types: 1, Eosinophilic fasciitis, an inflammatory reaction with eosinophilia, producing hard thickened skin with an orange-peel configuration suggestive of scleroderma and considered by some a variant of scleroderma; 2, Necrotizing fasciitis (FASCIITIS, NECROTIZING), a serious fulminating infection (usually by a beta hemolytic streptococcus) causing extensive necrosis of superficial fascia; 3, Nodular/Pseudosarcomatous /Proliferative fasciitis, characterized by a rapid growth of fibroblasts with mononuclear inflammatory cells and proliferating capillaries in soft tissue, often the forearm; it is not malignant but is sometimes mistaken for fibrosarcoma.		02.1310
Eosinophilia
Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.		03.2260
Myalgia
Painful sensation in the muscles.		02.1310
Fish Diseases
Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).		02.6930
Hydramnios
[description not available]		02.3920
Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular
Enlargement of the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is often attributed to PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.		02.7630
Duhring Disease
[description not available]		07.07201
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Rare, chronic, papulo-vesicular disease characterized by an intensely pruritic eruption consisting of various combinations of symmetrical, erythematous, papular, vesicular, or bullous lesions. The disease is strongly associated with the presence of HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3 antigens. A variety of different autoantibodies has been detected in small numbers in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis.		012.07201
Sarcoma 180
An experimental sarcoma of mice.		04.25190
Auditory Cortex Disorder
[description not available]		02.1110
Mitral Stenosis
[description not available]		02.3920
Bouillaud Disease
[description not available]		04.4451
Mitral Valve Stenosis
Narrowing of the passage through the MITRAL VALVE due to FIBROSIS, and CALCINOSIS in the leaflets and chordal areas. This elevates the left atrial pressure which, in turn, raises pulmonary venous and capillary pressure leading to bouts of DYSPNEA and TACHYCARDIA during physical exertion. RHEUMATIC FEVER is its primary cause.		02.3920
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Cardiac manifestation of systemic rheumatological conditions, such as RHEUMATIC FEVER. Rheumatic heart disease can involve any part the heart, most often the HEART VALVES and the ENDOCARDIUM.		04.4451
Abnormalities, Urogenital
[description not available]		06.3951
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, Familial
[description not available]		08.96173
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli
A polyposis syndrome due to an autosomal dominant mutation of the APC genes (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. The syndrome is characterized by the development of hundreds of ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the COLON and RECTUM of affected individuals by early adulthood.		08.96173
Infections, Rickettsia
[description not available]		02.1110
Tick Infestations
Infestations with soft-bodied (Argasidae) or hard-bodied (Ixodidae) ticks.		02.1110
Elaeophoriasis
[description not available]		02.1110
Filariasis
Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.		02.1110
Entrapment Neuropathy, Tarsal Tunnel
[description not available]		02.1310
Amyotrophy, Thenar, Of Carpal Origin
[description not available]		02.4820
Entrapment Neuropathies
[description not available]		07.1310
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Entrapment of the MEDIAN NERVE in the carpal tunnel, which is formed by the flexor retinaculum and the CARPAL BONES. This syndrome may be associated with repetitive occupational trauma (CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS); wrist injuries; AMYLOID NEUROPATHIES; rheumatoid arthritis (see ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID); ACROMEGALY; PREGNANCY; and other conditions. Symptoms include burning pain and paresthesias involving the ventral surface of the hand and fingers which may radiate proximally. Impairment of sensation in the distribution of the median nerve and thenar muscle atrophy may occur. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p45)		02.4820
Cocarcinogenesis
The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.		05.4151
Cushing's Syndrome
[description not available]		04.7621
Cushing Syndrome
A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent.		04.7621
Peritoneal Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.		02.1310
Anemia, Sideroblastic
Anemia characterized by the presence of erythroblasts containing excessive deposits of iron in the marrow.		08.35680
Acute Chest Syndrome
Respiratory syndrome characterized by the appearance of a new pulmonary infiltrate on chest x-ray, accompanied by symptoms of fever, cough, chest pain, tachypnea, or DYSPNEA, often seen in patients with SICKLE CELL ANEMIA. Multiple factors (e.g., infection, and pulmonary FAT EMBOLISM) may contribute to the development of the syndrome.		03.5111
Luft Disease
[description not available]		05.1250
Ataxias, Hereditary
[description not available]		04.9940
Mitochondrial Myopathies
A group of muscle diseases associated with abnormal mitochondria function.		05.1250
Carotid Artery Narrowing
[description not available]		07.95183
Carotid Stenosis
Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)		07.95183
Dry Macular Degeneration
[description not available]		04.4311
Geographic Atrophy
A form of MACULAR DEGENERATION also known as dry macular degeneration marked by occurrence of a well-defined progressive lesion or atrophy in the central part of the RETINA called the MACULA LUTEA. It is distinguishable from WET MACULAR DEGENERATION in that the latter involves neovascular exudates.		04.4311
Skin Diseases, Vascular
Skin diseases affecting or involving the cutaneous blood vessels and generally manifested as inflammation, swelling, erythema, or necrosis in the affected area.		02.1310
Carcinoma, Large Cell
A tumor of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size. It is usually bronchogenic. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.4720
Neuroendocrine Tumors
Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.		04.7921
Polyps
Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.		03.8221
Clerambault Syndrome
[description not available]		05.53120
Gasser Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4620
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
A syndrome that is associated with microvascular diseases of the KIDNEY, such as RENAL CORTICAL NECROSIS. It is characterized by hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC); THROMBOCYTOPENIA; and ACUTE RENAL FAILURE.		02.4620
Myeloproliferative Disorders
Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.		04.7270
Dental Pulp Disease
[description not available]		02.1310
Dental Pulp Diseases
Endodontic diseases of the DENTAL PULP inside the tooth, which is distinguished from PERIAPICAL DISEASES of the tissue surrounding the root.		02.1310
Nephrosis
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.		08.0550
Protein Aggregation, Pathological
A biochemical phenomenon in which misfolded proteins aggregate either intra- or extracellularly. Triggered by factors such as MUTATION; POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, and environmental stress, it is generally associated with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PARKINSON DISEASE; HUNTINGTON DISEASE; and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.		02.1310
Aneurysm, Ruptured
The tearing or bursting of the weakened wall of the aneurysmal sac, usually heralded by sudden worsening pain. The great danger of a ruptured aneurysm is the large amount of blood spilling into the surrounding tissues and cavities, causing HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK.		02.1310
Allergy, Milk
[description not available]		02.4220
Milk Hypersensitivity
Allergic reaction to milk (usually cow's milk) or milk products. MILK HYPERSENSITIVITY should be differentiated from LACTOSE INTOLERANCE, an intolerance to milk as a result of congenital deficiency of lactase.		02.4220
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavioral Disorders
[description not available]		02.4520
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Includes two similar disorders: oppositional defiant disorder and CONDUCT DISORDERS. Symptoms occurring in children with these disorders include: defiance of authority figures, angry outbursts, and other antisocial behaviors.		02.4520
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Mycosis
[description not available]		02.1510
Dermatomyositis, Adult Type
[description not available]		03.8340
Hypertrichosis
Excessive hair growth at inappropriate locations, such as on the extremities, the head, and the back. It is caused by genetic or acquired factors, and is an androgen-independent process. This concept does not include HIRSUTISM which is an androgen-dependent excess hair growth in WOMEN and CHILDREN.		03.2920
Dermatomyositis
A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6)		03.8340
Gallstone Disease
[description not available]		04.4550
Cancer of Gallbladder
[description not available]		02.3820
Viral Hepatitis, Human
[description not available]		03.630
Cholelithiasis
Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).		04.4550
Gallbladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.		02.3820
Hepatitis, Viral, Human
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).		03.630
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.4620
Corpus Luteum Cyst
[description not available]		02.1510
Ovarian Cysts
General term for CYSTS and cystic diseases of the OVARY.		02.1510
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders
[description not available]		05.62130
Tungiasis
An infestation with the flea TUNGA PENETRANS causing inflammation, pruritus, and pain, in both humans and other mammals. There is a high incidence of secondary infections such as BACTEREMIA and TETANUS.		02.1310
Ectoparasitic Infestations
Infestations by PARASITES which live on, or burrow into, the surface of their host's EPIDERMIS. Most ectoparasites are ARTHROPODS.		02.1310
Bile Duct Obstruction
[description not available]		02.6630
Biliary Cirrhosis
[description not available]		07.6830
Cholestasis
Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).		02.6630
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary
FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.		02.6830
Pancreatic Diseases
Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.		05.5190
Cerebral Arteriosclerosis
[description not available]		06.7472
Intracranial Arteriosclerosis
Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS.		06.7472
Livedo Reticularis
A condition characterized by a reticular or fishnet pattern on the skin of lower extremities and other parts of the body. This red and blue pattern is due to deoxygenated blood in unstable dermal blood vessels. The condition is intensified by cold exposure and relieved by rewarming.		02.1510
Anterior Horn Cell Disease
[description not available]		02.1510
Motor Neuron Disease
Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)		02.1510
Groenblad-Strandberg Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0410
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
An inherited disorder of connective tissue with extensive degeneration and calcification of ELASTIC TISSUE primarily in the skin, eye, and vasculature. At least two forms exist, autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant. This disorder is caused by mutations of one of the ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS. Patients are predisposed to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION and GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE.		02.0410
Jaw, Edentulous
The total absence of teeth from either the mandible or the maxilla, but not both. Total absence of teeth from both is MOUTH, EDENTULOUS. Partial absence of teeth in either is JAW, EDENTULOUS, PARTIALLY.		03.4311
Autism-Dementia-Ataxia-Loss of Purposeful Hand Use Syndrome
[description not available]		07.98115
Rett Syndrome
An inherited neurological developmental disorder that is associated with X-LINKED INHERITANCE and may be lethal in utero to hemizygous males. The affected female is normal until the age of 6-25 months when progressive loss of voluntary control of hand movements and communication skills; ATAXIA; SEIZURES; autistic behavior; intermittent HYPERVENTILATION; and HYPERAMMONEMIA appear. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p199)		07.98115
Dysthymia
[description not available]		02.4520
Dysthymic Disorder
Chronically depressed mood that occurs for most of the day more days than not for at least 2 years. The required minimum duration in children to make this diagnosis is 1 year. During periods of depressed mood, at least 2 of the following additional symptoms are present: poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy or fatigue, low self-esteem, poor concentration or difficulty making decisions, and feelings of hopelessness. (DSM-IV)		02.4520
Giardia duodenalis Infection
[description not available]		05.4282
Giardiasis
An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact.		010.4282
Aortic Incompetence
[description not available]		03.7721
Mitral Incompetence
[description not available]		04.6161
Aortic Valve Insufficiency
Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the LEFT VENTRICLE, leading to regurgitation. It is caused by diseases of the AORTIC VALVE or its surrounding tissue (aortic root).		03.7721
Hemoglobinuria
The presence of free HEMOGLOBIN in the URINE, indicating hemolysis of ERYTHROCYTES within the vascular system. After saturating the hemoglobin-binding proteins (HAPTOGLOBINS), free hemoglobin begins to appear in the urine.		03.0650
Mitral Valve Insufficiency
Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation.		04.6161
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia
[description not available]		02.9610
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating
A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.		02.9610
Aortic Stenosis
[description not available]		08.0284
Aortic Valve Stenosis
A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.		08.0284
Leukoaraiosis
Non-specific white matter changes in the BRAIN, often seen after age 65. Changes include loss of AXONS; MYELIN pallor, GLIOSIS, loss of ependymal cells, and enlarged perivascular spaces. Leukoaraiosis is a risk factor for DEMENTIA and CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.		02.4420
Alcoholic Intoxication
An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.		03.4780
Premenstrual Tension
A term used to describe the psychological aspects of PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME, such as the indescribable tension, depression, hostility, and increased seizure activity in women with seizure disorder.		02.8640
Premenstrual Syndrome
A combination of distressing physical, psychologic, or behavioral changes that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of PMS are diverse (such as pain, water-retention, anxiety, cravings, and depression) and they diminish markedly 2 or 3 days after the initiation of menses.		02.8640
Porphyria
[description not available]		04.4790
Porphyrias
A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues.		04.4790
Avian Sarcoma
[description not available]		02.8440
Refractory Anemia
[description not available]		08.0450
Anemia, Refractory
A severe sometimes chronic anemia, usually macrocytic in type, that does not respond to ordinary antianemic therapy.		03.0450
Ornithosis
[description not available]		03.1860
Psittacosis
Infection with CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI (formerly Chlamydia psittaci), transmitted to humans by inhalation of dust-borne contaminated nasal secretions or excreta of infected BIRDS. This infection results in a febrile illness characterized by PNEUMONITIS and systemic manifestations.		03.1860
Parasite Infections
[description not available]		04.8480
Experimental Radiation Injuries
[description not available]		03.81120
Agranulocytosis
A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).		06.31280
Anemia, Hypochromic
Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393)		017.8333828
Gastric Volvulus
[description not available]		01.9210
Rupture
Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.		03.3520
Deficiency, IgA
[description not available]		0531
Coronary Occlusion
Complete blockage of blood flow through one of the CORONARY ARTERIES, usually from CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS.		02.4420
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion
[description not available]		04.3441
Sclerosis
A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.		07.9540
Abnormalities, Multiple
Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.		06.73221
Abdominal Epilepsy
[description not available]		04.1460
Lens Dislocation
[description not available]		02.7230
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens
Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.		06.84142
Epilepsies, Partial
Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317)		04.1460
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).		06.84142
Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
[description not available]		02.7230
Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic
Ischemic injury to the OPTIC NERVE which usually affects the OPTIC DISK (optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic) and less frequently the retrobulbar portion of the nerve (optic neuropathy, posterior ischemic). The injury results from occlusion of arterial blood supply which may result from TEMPORAL ARTERITIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COLLAGEN DISEASES; EMBOLISM; DIABETES MELLITUS; and other conditions. The disease primarily occurs in the sixth decade or later and presents with the sudden onset of painless and usually severe monocular visual loss. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy also features optic disk edema with microhemorrhages. The optic disk appears normal in posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. (Glaser, Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2nd ed, p135)		02.7230
Cancer of Larynx
[description not available]		04.9891
Laryngeal Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.		04.9891
Basal Ganglia Diseases
Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		02.4420
Chromosomal Translocation
[description not available]		05.2370
Developmental Psychomotor Disorders
[description not available]		02.9240
Dilatation, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions.		04.7871
Briquet Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4520
Somatoform Disorders
Disorders having the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a general medical condition but that are not fully explained by another medical condition, by the direct effects of a substance, or by another mental disorder. The MEDICALLY UNEXPLAINED SYMPTOMS must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. In contrast to FACTITIOUS DISORDERS and MALINGERING, the physical symptoms are not under voluntary control. (APA, DSM-V)		02.4520
Chromosomal Fragility
[description not available]		010.3812
Dermal Hypoplasia, Focal
[description not available]		02.0510
Ocular Toxoplasmosis
[description not available]		03.4680
Toxoplasmosis, Ocular
Infection caused by the protozoan parasite TOXOPLASMA in which there is extensive connective tissue proliferation, the retina surrounding the lesions remains normal, and the ocular media remain clear. Chorioretinitis may be associated with all forms of toxoplasmosis, but is usually a late sequel of congenital toxoplasmosis. The severe ocular lesions in infants may lead to blindness.		03.4680
Injuries
Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.		04.7571
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.		04.7571
Facial Palsy
[description not available]		02.6830
Brachial Paresis
[description not available]		02.8940
Adenocarcinoma, Alveolar
[description not available]		02.3720
Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar
A carcinoma derived from epithelium of terminal bronchioles, in which the neoplastic tissue extends along the alveolar walls and grows in small masses within the alveoli. Involvement may be uniformly diffuse and massive, or nodular, or lobular. The neoplastic cells are cuboidal or columnar and form papillary structures. Mucin may be demonstrated in some of the cells and in the material in the alveoli, which also includes denuded cells. Metastases in regional lymph nodes, and in even more distant sites, are known to occur, but are infrequent. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.3720
Cough
A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.		02.6930
Ectopia Lentis
Congenital displacement of the lens resulting from defective zonule formation.		03.320
Nearsightedness
[description not available]		0450
Myopia
A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness.		0450
Delayed Postpartum Hemorrhage
[description not available]		05.9761
Complications, Labor
[description not available]		06.7993
Postpartum Hemorrhage
Excess blood loss from uterine bleeding associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH. It is defined as blood loss greater than 500 ml or of the amount that adversely affects the maternal physiology, such as BLOOD PRESSURE and HEMATOCRIT. Postpartum hemorrhage is divided into two categories, immediate (within first 24 hours after birth) or delayed (after 24 hours postpartum).		05.9761
Infections, Neisseriaceae
[description not available]		02.0510
Hemorrhagic Disease of Newborn
Neonatal nasogastric or intracranial hemorrhage caused by vitamin K deficiency.		04.3930
Angina at Rest
[description not available]		06.1562
Angina, Unstable
Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		06.1562
Acute Coronary Syndrome
An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		09.9142
Brucella Infection
[description not available]		02.0510
Brucellosis
Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss.		02.0510
Aggression
Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.		06.2581
Adolescent Gynecomastia
[description not available]		02.0510
Gynecomastia
Enlargement of the BREAST in the males, caused by an excess of ESTROGENS. Physiological gynecomastia is normally observed in NEWBORNS; ADOLESCENT; and AGING males.		02.0510
Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures
A condition where seizures occur in association with ethanol abuse (ALCOHOLISM) without other identifiable causes. Seizures usually occur within the first 6-48 hours after the cessation of alcohol intake, but may occur during periods of alcohol intoxication. Single generalized tonic-clonic motor seizures are the most common subtype, however, STATUS EPILEPTICUS may occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1174)		03.8220
Hives
[description not available]		02.0510
Urticaria
A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.		07.0510
Intermittent Claudication
A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.		05.9752
Arterial Obstructive Diseases
[description not available]		08.39163
Arterial Occlusive Diseases
Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.		08.39163
Glossalgia
Painful sensations in the tongue, including a sensation of burning.		02.0510
Flaccid Quadriplegia
[description not available]		02.0510
Brill-Symmers Disease
[description not available]		02.4420
Lymphoma, Follicular
Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES.		02.4420
Intestinal Polyps
Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the INTESTINE. A polyp is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.		04.2970
Alpers Diffuse Degeneration of Cerebral Gray Matter with Hepatic Cirrhosis
[description not available]		02.9710
Left Heart Hypoplasia Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0510
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
A condition caused by underdevelopment of the whole left half of the heart. It is characterized by hypoplasia of the left cardiac chambers (HEART ATRIUM; HEART VENTRICLE), the AORTA, the AORTIC VALVE, and the MITRAL VALVE. Severe symptoms appear in early infancy when DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS closes.		02.0510
Asystole
[description not available]		02.4220
Heart Arrest
Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.		02.4220
Drug-Induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome
[description not available]		03.6730
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.		03.6730
Extra-Mammary Paget Disease
[description not available]		03.4411
Paget Disease, Extramammary
A rare cutaneous neoplasm that occurs in the elderly. It develops more frequently in women and predominantly involves apocrine gland-bearing areas, especially the vulva, scrotum, and perianal areas. The lesions develop as erythematous scaly patches that progress to crusted, pruritic, erythematous plaques. The clinical differential diagnosis includes squamous cell carcinoma in situ and superficial fungal infection. It is generally thought to be an adenocarcinoma of the epidermis, from which it extends into the contiguous epithelium of hair follicles and eccrine sweat ducts. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1478)		03.4411
Microbial Superinvasion
[description not available]		02.0510
Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion
Obstruction of the flow in the SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION by ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EMBOLISM; THROMBOSIS; STENOSIS; TRAUMA; and compression or intrinsic pressure from adjacent tumors. Rare causes are drugs, intestinal parasites, and vascular immunoinflammatory diseases such as PERIARTERITIS NODOSA and THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS. (From Juergens et al., Peripheral Vascular Diseases, 5th ed, pp295-6)		02.4420
Abnormalities, Sex Chromosome
[description not available]		010.55464
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.		03.0950
Heart Disease, Ischemic
[description not available]		014.98407
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		116.98407
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.		02.0510
Esophageal Reflux
[description not available]		02.6830
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.		02.6830
Labor, Premature
[description not available]		08.23183
Alcoholic Pancreatitis
[description not available]		02.4320
Blood Pressure, Low
[description not available]		04.8581
Hypotension
Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.		04.8581
Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis
[description not available]		02.0510
Familial Mediterranean Fever
A group of HEREDITARY AUTOINFLAMMATION DISEASES, characterized by recurrent fever, abdominal pain, headache, rash, PLEURISY; and ARTHRITIS. ORCHITIS; benign MENINGITIS; and AMYLOIDOSIS may also occur. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in marenostrin gene encoding PYRIN result in autosomal recessive transmission; simple heterozygous, autosomal dominant form of the disease also exists with mutations in the same gene.		02.0510
Hemoptysis
Expectoration or spitting of blood originating from any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT, usually from hemorrhage in the lung parenchyma (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and the BRONCHIAL ARTERIES.		02.0510
Cocaine Abuse
[description not available]		02.0510
Cocaine-Related Disorders
Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.		02.0510
Alcoholic Cirrhosis
[description not available]		04.59100
Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		03.3420
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic
FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.		04.59100
Liver Failure
Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)		03.3420
Vaginal Discharge
A common gynecologic disorder characterized by an abnormal, nonbloody discharge from the genital tract.		02.0510
Dehydration
The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.		02.8940
Enlarged Spleen
[description not available]		04.74120
Coronary Artery Stenosis
[description not available]		05.9852
Coronary Stenosis
Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.		05.9852
Group A Strep Infection
[description not available]		03.88130
Streptococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.		03.88130
Petechiae
Pinhead size (3 mm) skin discolorization due to hemorrhage.		03.0450
Purpura, Thrombopenic
[description not available]		03.9550
Purpura
Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is		08.0450
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic
Any form of purpura in which the PLATELET COUNT is decreased. Many forms are thought to be caused by immunological mechanisms.		03.9550
Leukocyte Disorders
Disordered formation of various types of leukocytes or an abnormal accumulation or deficiency of these cells.		01.9210
Hansen Disease
[description not available]		02.8540
Leprosy
A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.		02.8540
Coxarthrosis
[description not available]		02.4420
Osteoarthritis, Hip
Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the hip joint which usually appears in late middle or old age. It is characterized by growth or maturational disturbances in the femoral neck and head, as well as acetabular dysplasia. A dominant symptom is pain on weight-bearing or motion.		02.4420
Hemorrhoids
Swollen veins in the lower part of the RECTUM or ANUS. Hemorrhoids can be inside the anus (internal), under the skin around the anus (external), or protruding from inside to outside of the anus. People with hemorrhoids may or may not exhibit symptoms which include bleeding, itching, and pain.		02.6530
Femoral Fractures
Fractures of the femur.		02.3820
Ambiguous Genitalia
[description not available]		02.0510
Disorders of Sex Development
In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included.		02.0510
Cochlear Hearing Loss
[description not available]		06.7272
Deafness, Sudden
Complete sensorineural hearing loss which develops suddenly over a period of hours or a few days.		03.6430
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural
Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.		06.7272
Neoplasms, Nervous System
[description not available]		02.4420
Alveolitis, Fibrosing
[description not available]		03.7620
Pulmonary Fibrosis
A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.		03.7620
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal
[description not available]		02.0510
Pheochromocytoma
A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)		02.0510
Granuloma Annulare
Benign granulomatous disease of unknown etiology characterized by a ring of localized or disseminated papules or nodules on the skin and palisading histiocytes surrounding necrobiotic tissue resulting from altered collagen structures.		02.0510
Neoplasm Metastasis, Unknown Primary
[description not available]		03.3520
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
In patients with neoplastic diseases a wide variety of clinical pictures which are indirect and usually remote effects produced by tumor cell metabolites or other products.		02.0510
Lupus Erythematosus, Chronic Cutaneous
[description not available]		02.0510
Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid
A chronic form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, CUTANEOUS) in which the skin lesions mimic those of the systemic form but in which systemic signs are rare. It is characterized by the presence of discoid skin plaques showing varying degrees of edema, erythema, scaliness, follicular plugging, and skin atrophy. Lesions are surrounded by an elevated erythematous border. The condition typically involves the face and scalp, but widespread dissemination may occur.		02.0510
Ophthalmoplegia, Progressive Supranuclear
[description not available]		02.0510
Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive
A degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by balance difficulties; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS (supranuclear ophthalmoplegia); DYSARTHRIA; swallowing difficulties; and axial DYSTONIA. Onset is usually in the fifth decade and disease progression occurs over several years. Pathologic findings include neurofibrillary degeneration and neuronal loss in the dorsal MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; RED NUCLEUS; pallidum; dentate nucleus; and vestibular nuclei. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1076-7)		02.0510
Erythremia
[description not available]		05.16190
Polycythemia Vera
A myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume, associated frequently with splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocythemia. Hematopoiesis is also reactive in extramedullary sites (liver and spleen). In time myelofibrosis occurs.		05.16190
Patent Foramen Ovale
[description not available]		02.0510
Foramen Ovale, Patent
A condition in which the FORAMEN OVALE in the ATRIAL SEPTUM fails to close shortly after birth. This results in abnormal communications between the two upper chambers of the heart. An isolated patent ovale foramen without other structural heart defects is usually of no hemodynamic significance.		02.0510
Ciliary Dyskinesia
[description not available]		02.9710
Ciliary Motility Disorders
Conditions caused by abnormal CILIA movement in the body, usually causing KARTAGENER SYNDROME, chronic respiratory disorders, chronic SINUSITIS, and chronic OTITIS. Abnormal ciliary beating is likely due to defects in any of the 200 plus ciliary proteins, such as missing motor enzyme DYNEIN arms.		02.9710
Hepatitis
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.		08.08411
Benign Infantile Myoclonic Epilepsy
[description not available]		02.6930
Epilepsies, Myoclonic
A clinically diverse group of epilepsy syndromes characterized either by myoclonic seizures or by myoclonus in association with other seizure types. Myoclonic epilepsy syndromes are divided into three subtypes based on etiology: familial, cryptogenic, and symptomatic.		02.6930
Adenoma, Prostatic
[description not available]		02.4520
Prostatic Hyperplasia
Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.		02.4520
Activated Protein C Resistance
A hemostatic disorder characterized by a poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C (APC). The activated form of Factor V (Factor Va) is more slowly degraded by activated protein C. Factor V Leiden mutation (R506Q) is the most common cause of APC resistance.		02.7230
Cast Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0510
Cachexia
General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.		02.4220
Hypophosphatemia
A condition of an abnormally low level of PHOSPHATES in the blood.		02.0510
Pellagra
A disease due to deficiency of NIACIN, a B-complex vitamin, or its precursor TRYPTOPHAN. It is characterized by scaly DERMATITIS which is often associated with DIARRHEA and DEMENTIA (the three D's).		05.19120
Licheniform Eruptions
[description not available]		01.9210
Neuroses
[description not available]		04.5861
Neurotic Disorders
Disorders in which the symptoms are distressing to the individual and recognized by him or her as being unacceptable. Social relationships may be greatly affected but usually remain within acceptable limits. The disturbance is relatively enduring or recurrent without treatment.		04.5861
Craniofacial Pain Syndromes
[description not available]		02.0510
Adenocystic Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.0510
Orbital Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.		02.0510
Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic
Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumors occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0510
Diastolic Heart Failure
[description not available]		02.0510
Heart Failure, Diastolic
Heart failure caused by abnormal myocardial relaxation during DIASTOLE leading to defective cardiac filling.		02.0510
Hyperkinetic Dysphonia
[description not available]		02.0610
Lymphocytopenia
[description not available]		02.3820
Opportunistic Infections
An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.		03.630
Sore Throat
[description not available]		02.0610
Lymphopenia
Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.		02.3820
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).		02.0610
Dysphonia
Difficulty and/or pain in PHONATION or speaking.		02.0610
Postgastrectomy Syndromes
Sequelae of gastrectomy from the second week after operation on. Include recurrent or anastomotic ulcer, postprandial syndromes (DUMPING SYNDROME and late postprandial hypoglycemia), disordered bowel action, and nutritional deficiencies.		05.86240
Carcinosarcoma
A malignant neoplasm that contains elements of carcinoma and sarcoma so extensively intermixed as to indicate neoplasia of epithelial and mesenchymal tissue. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.3720
Frigidity
[description not available]		02.0610
Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological
Disturbances in sexual desire and the psychophysiologic changes that characterize the sexual response cycle and cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulty. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994)		02.0610
Acute Brain Injuries
[description not available]		04.0550
Brain Injuries
Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.		04.0550
Cholecystoduodenal Fistula
[description not available]		02.3820
Fetal Resorption
The disintegration and assimilation of the dead FETUS in the UTERUS at any stage after the completion of organogenesis which, in humans, is after the 9th week of GESTATION. It does not include embryo resorption (see EMBRYO LOSS).		03.580
Skin Aging
The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.		03.8421
Leukemia, Pre-B-Cell
[description not available]		02.4320
Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and adolescents and characterized by a high number of lymphoblasts and solid tumor lesions. Frequent sites involve LYMPH NODES, skin, and bones. It most commonly presents as leukemia.		02.4320
Abnormalities, Cardiovascular
[description not available]		07.4981
Cardiovascular Abnormalities
Congenital, inherited, or acquired anomalies of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, including the HEART and BLOOD VESSELS.		07.4981
Coronary Artery Vasospasm
[description not available]		02.4820
Coronary Vasospasm
Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.		02.4820
Abortion, Missed
The retention in the UTERUS of a dead FETUS two months or more after its DEATH.		02.3720
Polysyndactyly
[description not available]		02.0610
Congenital Foot Deformities
[description not available]		02.0610
Congenital Hand Deformities
[description not available]		02.0610
Pyoderma Gangrenosum
An idiopathic, rapidly evolving, and severely debilitating disease occurring most commonly in association with chronic ulcerative colitis. It is characterized by the presence of boggy, purplish ulcers with undermined borders, appearing mostly on the legs. The majority of cases are in people between 40 and 60 years old. Its etiology is unknown.		02.0610
Cardiac Arrest, Sudden
[description not available]		09.941010
Death, Sudden, Cardiac
Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)		09.941010
Erythema Migrans, Lingual
[description not available]		02.0710
Macular Holes
[description not available]		02.0610
Retinal Perforations
Perforations through the whole thickness of the retina including the macula as the result of inflammation, trauma, degeneration, etc. The concept includes retinal breaks, tears, dialyses, and holes.		02.0610
Histiocytic Necrotising Lymphadenitis
[description not available]		02.0510
Female Athlete Triad
[description not available]		02.9810
Coagulation Disorders, Blood
[description not available]		07.63142
Blood Coagulation Disorders
Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.		07.63142
Scoliosis
An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.5730
Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis
[description not available]		02.0610
Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy
A chronic, acquired, idiopathic, progressive eruption of the skin that occurs in the context of RENAL FAILURE. It is sometimes accompanied by systemic fibrosis. The pathogenesis seems to be multifactorial, with postulated involvement of circulating fibrocytes. There is a strong association between this disorder and the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents.		02.0610
Short Bowel Syndrome
A malabsorption syndrome resulting from extensive operative resection of the SMALL INTESTINE, the absorptive region of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.		02.7430
Appetite Disorders
[description not available]		04.02150
Feeding and Eating Disorders
A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.		04.02150
Carotid Artery Dissection, Internal
[description not available]		02.9440
Bladder Exstrophy
A birth defect in which the URINARY BLADDER is malformed and exposed, inside out, and protruded through the ABDOMINAL WALL. It is caused by closure defects involving the top front surface of the bladder, as well as the lower abdominal wall; SKIN; MUSCLES; and the pubic bone.		02.0610
Epispadias
A birth defect due to malformation of the URETHRA in which the urethral opening is above its normal location. In the male, the malformed urethra generally opens on the top or the side of the PENIS, but the urethra can also be open the entire length of the penis. In the female, the malformed urethral opening is often between the CLITORIS and the labia, or in the ABDOMEN.		02.0610
Bacterial Pneumonia
[description not available]		03.3620
Infections, Pseudomonas
[description not available]		02.3820
Pseudomonas Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.		02.3820
Pneumonia, Bacterial
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.		03.3620
Nonsynostotic Plagiocephaly
[description not available]		02.4620
Aberrant Crypt Foci
Clusters of colonic crypts that appear different from the surrounding mucosa when visualized after staining. They are of interest as putative precursors to colorectal adenomas and potential biomarkers for colorectal carcinoma.		02.4720
Fetal Malnutrition
[description not available]		02.4620
Granuloma, Hodgkin
[description not available]		04.09160
Hodgkin Disease
A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.		04.09160
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		05.73210
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		05.73210
Tooth Loss
The failure to retain teeth as a result of disease or injury.		03.3620
Bronchial Hyperreactivity
Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.		02.0710
Foot Deformities
Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot.		02.0710
Aortic Aneurysm, Ruptured
[description not available]		02.9910
Bechterew Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0610
Spondylarthropathies
Heterogeneous group of arthritic diseases sharing clinical and radiologic features. They are associated with the HLA-B27 ANTIGEN and some with a triggering infection. Most involve the axial joints in the SPINE, particularly the SACROILIAC JOINT, but can also involve asymmetric peripheral joints. Subsets include ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; REACTIVE ARTHRITIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; and others.		02.0610
Wasting Disease
[description not available]		04.4122
Avian Diseases
[description not available]		02.6430
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic, Stable Phase
[description not available]		02.0610
Edema, Fetal
[description not available]		02.0610
Co-infection
[description not available]		02.0710
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia
A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.		013.34223
Hyperinsulinism
A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.		013.34223
Viral Diseases
[description not available]		02.8740
Virus Diseases
A general term for diseases caused by viruses.		02.8740
Alcohol-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
[description not available]		03.8240
Adenosis of Breast
[description not available]		02.8840
Fibrocystic Breast Disease
A common and benign breast disease characterized by varying degree of fibrocystic changes in the breast tissue. There are three major patterns of morphological changes, including FIBROSIS, formation of CYSTS, and proliferation of glandular tissue (adenosis). The fibrocystic breast has a dense irregular, lumpy, bumpy consistency.		02.8840
Indigestion
[description not available]		02.3820
Dyspepsia
Impaired digestion, especially after eating.		02.3820
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack
[description not available]		08.05106
Ischemic Attack, Transient
Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)		08.05106
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		02.0710
Parkinsonian Disorders
A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.		02.0710
DRESS Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0710
Acute Kidney Tubular Necrosis
[description not available]		03.5890
Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute
Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA.		03.5890
Actinomycetoma
[description not available]		02.0710
Mycetoma
A chronic progressive subcutaneous infection caused by species of fungi (eumycetoma), or actinomycetes (actinomycetoma). It is characterized by tumefaction, abscesses, and tumor-like granules representing microcolonies of pathogens, such as MADURELLA fungi and bacteria ACTINOMYCETES, with different grain colors.		02.0710
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative
[description not available]		02.4520
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive
[description not available]		03.6530
Bacteremia
The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.		02.0710
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.		02.4520
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections
Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.		03.6530
Constitutional Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		02.0710
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic
Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS.		07.3142
Papilloma, Squamous Cell
[description not available]		02.3920
Mycosis Fungoides
A chronic, malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages, the LYMPH NODES and viscera are affected.		14.3820
Papilloma
A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.3920
Infections, Salmonella
[description not available]		05.6470
Francisella tularensis Infection
[description not available]		02.0810
Tularemia
A plague-like disease of rodents, transmissible to man. It is caused by FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS and is characterized by fever, chills, headache, backache, and weakness.		02.0810
Infections, Nematomorpha
[description not available]		06.9584
Helminthiasis
Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.		06.9584
Biological Clock Disturbances
[description not available]		02.0710
Dry Eye
[description not available]		02.0810
Dry Eye Syndromes
Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.		02.0810
Central Nervous System Cysticercosis
[description not available]		02.0810
Neurocysticercosis
Infection of the brain, spinal cord, or perimeningeal structures with the larval forms of the genus TAENIA (primarily T. solium in humans). Lesions formed by the organism are referred to as cysticerci. The infection may be subacute or chronic, and the severity of symptoms depends on the severity of the host immune response and the location and number of lesions. SEIZURES represent the most common clinical manifestation although focal neurologic deficits may occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp46-50)		02.0810
Alcohol Problem
[description not available]		03.3620
Alcohol-Related Disorders
Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of alcohol.		03.3620
Craniofacial Abnormalities
Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones.		04.6660
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral
[description not available]		04.7571
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		04.7571
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas
[description not available]		05.3750
Cystic Fibrosis
An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.		05.3750
Encephalomyelitis, Inflammatory
[description not available]		02.8740
Encephalomyelitis
A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature.		02.8740
Diaphragmatic Hernia
[description not available]		02.6730
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis
[description not available]		04.4890
Pancreatitis
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.		04.4890
Active Hyperemia
[description not available]		02.3620
Hyperemia
The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).		02.3620
Sclerosis, Systemic
[description not available]		04.7370
Scleroderma, Systemic
A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.		04.7370
Rodent Diseases
Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).		02.8740
Fibroma, Shope
[description not available]		08.14161
Biliary Tract Cancer
[description not available]		04.3722
Biliary Tract Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.		04.3722
Congenital Disorders
[description not available]		01.9510
Cramp
[description not available]		02.3820
Muscle Cramp
A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398)		02.3820
Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome
[description not available]		02.9340
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
The presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids (ANTIBODIES, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID). The condition is associated with a variety of diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases, thrombopenia, and arterial or venous thromboses. In pregnancy it can cause abortion. Of the phospholipids, the cardiolipins show markedly elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ANTIBODIES, ANTICARDIOLIPIN). Present also are high levels of lupus anticoagulant (LUPUS COAGULATION INHIBITOR).		02.9340
Chromosomal Breakage
[description not available]		03.3320
Dyskinesia Syndromes
[description not available]		03.4580
Movement Disorders
Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.		03.4580
Mesenteric Lymphadenitis
INFLAMMATION of LYMPH NODES in the MESENTERY.		02.0110
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell
[description not available]		02.9140
Leukemia, T-Cell
A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.		02.9140
Mouth, Edentulous
Total lack of teeth through disease or extraction.		03.7840
Acidosis, Diabetic
[description not available]		02.0110
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA.		02.0110
Forestier-Certonciny Syndrome
[description not available]		03.2920
Aortic Arteritis, Giant Cell
[description not available]		02.4120
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
A syndrome in the elderly characterized by proximal joint and muscle pain, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and a self-limiting course. Pain is usually accompanied by evidence of an inflammatory reaction. Women are affected twice as commonly as men and Caucasians more frequently than other groups. The condition is frequently associated with GIANT CELL ARTERITIS and some theories pose the possibility that the two diseases arise from a single etiology or even that they are the same entity.		03.2920
Giant Cell Arteritis
A systemic autoimmune disorder that typically affects medium and large ARTERIES, usually leading to occlusive granulomatous vasculitis with transmural infiltrate containing multinucleated GIANT CELLS. The TEMPORAL ARTERY is commonly involved. This disorder appears primarily in people over the age of 50. Symptoms include FEVER; FATIGUE; HEADACHE; visual impairment; pain in the jaw and tongue; and aggravation of pain by cold temperatures. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed)		02.4120
Atheroembolism
[description not available]		02.0110
Embolism, Cholesterol
Blocking of a blood vessel by CHOLESTEROL-rich atheromatous deposits, generally occurring in the flow from a large artery to small arterial branches. It is also called arterial-arterial embolization or atheroembolism which may be spontaneous or iatrogenic. Patients with spontaneous atheroembolism often have painful, cyanotic digits of acute onset.		02.0110
Curling Ulcer
Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.		04.4790
Duodenal Ulcer
A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.		04.4790
Cancer of the Vulva
[description not available]		02.3720
Vulvar Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the VULVA.		02.3720
Cancer of ILEUM
[description not available]		02.0110
Cancer of Cecum
[description not available]		02.3820
Decalcification, Pathologic
The loss of calcium salts from bones and teeth. Bacteria may be responsible for this occurrence in teeth. Old age may be a factor contributing to calcium loss, as is the presence of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.		02.0110
Abnormal Movements
[description not available]		03.6330
Hypermyotonia
[description not available]		02.4220
Hepatoblastoma
A malignant neoplasm occurring in young children, primarily in the liver, composed of tissue resembling embryonal or fetal hepatic epithelium, or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.4220
Morphine Abuse
[description not available]		02.3320
Morphine Dependence
Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.		02.3320
Steatorrhea
A condition that is characterized by chronic fatty DIARRHEA, a result of abnormal DIGESTION and/or INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of FATS.		03.72110
Hypogalactia
A condition of less than normal MILK secretion.		01.9310
Iron Metabolism Disorders
Disorders in the processing of iron in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. (From Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, 4th ed)		04.8281
Splenic Diseases
Diseases involving the SPLEEN.		05.8351
Genital Infantilism
[description not available]		01.9310
Caries, Dental
[description not available]		02.6330
Dental Caries
Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.		02.6330
Bertielliasis
[description not available]		03.4480
Infections, Taenia
[description not available]		01.9310
Taeniasis
Infection with tapeworms of the genus Taenia.		06.9310
EHS Tumor
[description not available]		04.29200
Reticulum Cell-Like Sarcoma, Yoshida
[description not available]		03.65100
Muscular Dystrophy
[description not available]		08.7640
Muscular Dystrophies
A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.		03.7640
ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) Diseases
[description not available]		02.8540
Barre-Lieou Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9310
Glomerulonephritis, Minimal Change
[description not available]		01.9310
Nephrosis, Lipoid
A kidney disease with no or minimal histological glomerular changes on light microscopy and with no immune deposits. It is characterized by lipid accumulation in the epithelial cells of KIDNEY TUBULES and in the URINE. Patients usually show NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA with accompanying EDEMA.		01.9310
Anemia, Hemolytic, Hereditary
[description not available]		04.5860
Icterus Gravis Neonatorum
[description not available]		02.3420
Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital
Hemolytic anemia due to various intrinsic defects of the erythrocyte.		04.5860
Jaundice, Neonatal
Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES.		02.3420
Chloroma
[description not available]		01.9310
Sarcoma, Myeloid
An extramedullary tumor of immature MYELOID CELLS or MYELOBLASTS. Granulocytic sarcoma usually occurs with or follows the onset of ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.		01.9310
Ascariasis
Infection by nematodes of the genus ASCARIS. Ingestion of infective eggs causes diarrhea and pneumonitis. Its distribution is more prevalent in areas of poor sanitation and where human feces are used for fertilizer.		04.4351
Leukemia, Lymphocytic
[description not available]		06.02460
Leukemia, Lymphoid
Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.		06.02460
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment
[description not available]		02.3620
Retinal Detachment
Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).		02.3620
Psychoses, Alcoholic
A group of mental disorders associated with organic brain damage and caused by poisoning from alcohol.		04.2470
Experimental Leukemia
[description not available]		07.05460
Erythema
Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.		02.3620
Female Genital Diseases
[description not available]		04.0231
Genital Diseases, Female
Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		04.0231
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning
Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.		03.3270
Intra-Abdominal Infections
[description not available]		01.9310
Hepatitis, Infectious
[description not available]		06.88271
Hepatitis A
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.		06.88271
Intraabdominal Infections
Infection within the PERITONEAL CAVITY. A frequent cause is an ANASTOMOTIC LEAK following surgery.		01.9310
Mastitis
INFLAMMATION of the BREAST, or MAMMARY GLAND.		01.9310
Spinal Diseases
Diseases involving the SPINE.		03.260
Abortion, Threatened
UTERINE BLEEDING from a GESTATION of less than 20 weeks without any CERVICAL DILATATION. It is characterized by vaginal bleeding, lower back discomfort, or midline pelvic cramping and a risk factor for MISCARRIAGE.		03.0450
Neuritis
A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA.		04.02150
Sicca Syndrome
[description not available]		02.8440
Sjogren's Syndrome
Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.		02.8440
Respiratory Tract Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.		03.0350
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
[description not available]		01.9310
Palsy
[description not available]		03.5590
Paralysis
A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)		08.5590
Armstrong Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9310
Ventricular Fibrillation
A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.		01.9310
Burns
Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.		03.0450
Essential Polyarteritis
[description not available]		03.2620
Intestinal Obstruction
Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.		03.7740
Autolysis
The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes.		01.9310
Chorioadenoma
[description not available]		01.9310
Neoplasms, Trophoblastic
[description not available]		05.6471
Distorted Hearing
[description not available]		02.3420
Anorexia
The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.		04.4351
Cyst
[description not available]		07.3620
Asthenia
Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy.		02.6330
Cancer of Maxillary Sinus
[description not available]		01.9310
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		01.9310
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell
A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.		01.9310
Rachitis
[description not available]		04.2570
Digestive System Disorders
[description not available]		03.9750
Digestive System Diseases
Diseases in any part of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the accessory organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).		03.9750
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infection
[description not available]		02.3320
Diphtheria
A localized infection of mucous membranes or skin caused by toxigenic strains of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE. It is characterized by the presence of a pseudomembrane at the site of infection. DIPHTHERIA TOXIN, produced by C. diphtheriae, can cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic toxic effects.		07.3320
Pyoderma
Any purulent skin disease (Dorland, 27th ed).		01.9310
Glandular Fever
[description not available]		03.0550
Infectious Mononucleosis
A common, acute infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN). There is an increase in mononuclear white blood cells and other atypical lymphocytes, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and occasionally hepatomegaly with hepatitis.		08.0550
Orthopedic Disorders
[description not available]		01.9310
Musculoskeletal Diseases
Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively.		01.9310
Ascites
Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.		08.66100
Sebaceous Gland Diseases
Diseases of the sebaceous glands such as sebaceous hyperplasia and sebaceous cell carcinoma (SEBACEOUS GLAND NEOPLASMS).		01.9310
Coma
A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.		02.8840
Myxedema
A condition characterized by a dry, waxy type of swelling (EDEMA) with abnormal deposits of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and other tissues. It is caused by a deficiency of THYROID HORMONES. The skin becomes puffy around the eyes and on the cheeks. The face is dull and expressionless with thickened nose and lips.		03.0550
Hypotension, Postural
[description not available]		01.9310
Hypotension, Orthostatic
A significant drop in BLOOD PRESSURE after assuming a standing position. Orthostatic hypotension is a finding, and defined as a 20-mm Hg decrease in systolic pressure or a 10-mm Hg decrease in diastolic pressure 3 minutes after the person has risen from supine to standing. Symptoms generally include DIZZINESS, blurred vision, and SYNCOPE.		01.9310
Hypogammaglobulinemia
[description not available]		02.8640
Agammaglobulinemia
An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood.		02.8640
Chronic Bronchitis
[description not available]		01.9310
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.		05.6373
Bronchitis, Chronic
A subcategory of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. The disease is characterized by hypersecretion of mucus accompanied by a chronic (more than 3 months in 2 consecutive years) productive cough. Infectious agents are a major cause of chronic bronchitis.		01.9310
Neuralgia, Sciatic
[description not available]		01.9310
Sciatica
A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg. Sciatica may be a manifestation of SCIATIC NEUROPATHY; RADICULOPATHY (involving the SPINAL NERVE ROOTS; L4, L5, S1, or S2, often associated with INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT); or lesions of the CAUDA EQUINA.		01.9310
Auditory Vertigo
[description not available]		02.8740
Meniere Disease
A disease of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is characterized by fluctuating SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; TINNITUS; episodic VERTIGO; and aural fullness. It is the most common form of endolymphatic hydrops.		02.8740
Achlorhydria
A lack of HYDROCHLORIC ACID in GASTRIC JUICE despite stimulation of gastric secretion.		09.65110
Amaurosis
[description not available]		02.3420
Breast Diseases
Pathological processes of the BREAST.		03.0850
Blindness
The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.		02.3420
Dermatitis Exfoliativa
[description not available]		05.03101
Dermatitis, Exfoliative
The widespread involvement of the skin by a scaly, erythematous dermatitis occurring either as a secondary or reactive process to an underlying cutaneous disorder (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.), or as a primary or idiopathic disease. It is often associated with the loss of hair and nails, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and pruritus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		05.03101
Shingles
[description not available]		02.8640
Herpes Zoster
An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.8640
Encephalopathy, Hepatic
[description not available]		03.9650
Hepatic Encephalopathy
A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)		03.9650
Brain Emboli
[description not available]		02.6430
Brain Embolism and Thrombosis
[description not available]		02.6430
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae
[description not available]		01.9310
Orthomyxoviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.		01.9310
Epileptiform Neuralgia
[description not available]		02.6430
Trigeminal Neuralgia
A syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. Pain may be initiated by stimulation of trigger points on the face, lips, or gums or by movement of facial muscles or chewing. Associated conditions include MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, vascular anomalies, ANEURYSMS, and neoplasms. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p187)		07.6430
Infantile Diarrhea
[description not available]		04.9590
Diarrhea, Infantile
DIARRHEA occurring in infants from newborn to 24-months old.		04.9590
Familial Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia
[description not available]		02.6330
Atrophy, Muscle
[description not available]		02.8640
Focal Neurologic Deficits
[description not available]		05.95190
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity.		02.6330
Muscular Atrophy
Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.		02.8640
Death, Sudden
The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.		01.9310
Intussusception
A form of intestinal obstruction caused by the PROLAPSE of a part of the intestine into the adjoining intestinal lumen. There are four types: colic, involving segments of the LARGE INTESTINE; enteric, involving only the SMALL INTESTINE; ileocecal, in which the ILEOCECAL VALVE prolapses into the CECUM, drawing the ILEUM along with it; and ileocolic, in which the ileum prolapses through the ileocecal valve into the COLON.		02.3420
Lipodystrophy, Intestinal
[description not available]		03.9650
Lipodystrophy
A collection of heterogenous conditions resulting from defective LIPID METABOLISM and characterized by ADIPOSE TISSUE atrophy. Often there is redistribution of body fat resulting in peripheral fat wasting and central adiposity. They include generalized, localized, congenital, and acquired lipodystrophy.		01.9310
Pulmonary Stenoses
[description not available]		02.6330
Coronary Vessel Anomalies
Malformations of CORONARY VESSELS, either arteries or veins. Included are anomalous origins of coronary arteries; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; CORONARY ANEURYSM; MYOCARDIAL BRIDGING; and others.		02.3620
Cadaver
A dead body, usually a human body.		02.6530
Adrenal Gland Hypofunction
[description not available]		03.2620
Pink Eye
[description not available]		04.4830
Adenohypophyseal Hyposecretion
[description not available]		03.5530
Methemoglobinemia
The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.7420
Adrenal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS.		03.2620
Conjunctivitis
INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.		09.4830
Hypopituitarism
Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; and CORTICOTROPIN). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory PITUITARY NEOPLASMS, metastatic tumors, infarction, PITUITARY APOPLEXY, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions.		03.5530
Scarlet Fever
Infection with group A streptococci that is characterized by tonsillitis and pharyngitis. An erythematous rash is commonly present.		01.9310
Hemosiderosis
Conditions in which there is a generalized increase in the iron stores of body tissues, particularly of liver and the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM, without demonstrable tissue damage. The name refers to the presence of stainable iron in the tissue in the form of hemosiderin.		03.9650
Erysipelas
An acute infection of the skin caused by species of STREPTOCOCCUS. This disease most frequently affects infants, young children, and the elderly. Characteristics include pink-to-red lesions that spread rapidly and are warm to the touch. The commonest site of involvement is the face.		01.9310
Arthropathies
[description not available]		03.7321
Hematoma
A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.		02.3620
Joint Diseases
Diseases involving the JOINTS.		03.7321
Periphlebitis
Periphlebitis is inflammation of the outer coat of a vein or of tissues surrounding the vein.		01.9310
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein, often a vein in the leg. Phlebitis associated with a blood clot is called (THROMBOPHLEBITIS).		01.9310
Pyelitis
Inflammation of the KIDNEY PELVIS and KIDNEY CALICES where urine is collected before discharge, but does not involve the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS) where urine is processed.		01.9310
Cancer of Nose
[description not available]		01.9410
Ancylostomiasis
Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus ANCYLOSTOMA. Characteristics include anemia, dyspepsia, eosinophilia, and abdominal swelling.		02.6330
Blood Protein Disorders
Hematologic diseases caused by structural or functional defects of BLOOD PROTEINS.		03.5530
Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenitis
[description not available]		02.6330
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
An autosomal dominant or acquired porphyria due to a deficiency of UROPORPHYRINOGEN DECARBOXYLASE in the LIVER. It is characterized by photosensitivity and cutaneous lesions with little or no neurologic symptoms. Type I is the acquired form and is strongly associated with liver diseases and hepatic toxicities caused by alcohol or estrogenic steroids. Type II is the familial form.		02.3420
Tuberculosis, Miliary
An acute form of TUBERCULOSIS in which minute tubercles are formed in a number of organs of the body due to dissemination of the bacilli through the blood stream.		01.9410
Agricultural Worker Disease
[description not available]		02.6330
Eye Manifestations
Ocular disorders attendant upon non-ocular disease or injury.		02.3420
Hemoglobinopathies
A group of inherited disorders characterized by structural alterations within the hemoglobin molecule.		05.2120
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis
[description not available]		04.4790
Cystitis
Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.		02.3520
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.		04.4790
Leukocytosis
A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.		04.5960
Ovoid Neutrophil Nuclei, Developmental Delay, Epilepsy and Skeletal Abnormalities
[description not available]		02.3520
Congenital Familial Lymphedema
[description not available]		01.9410
Endarteritis
Inflammation of the inner endothelial lining (TUNICA INTIMA) of an artery.		01.9410
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans
Common occlusive arterial disease which is caused by ATHEROSCLEROSIS. It is characterized by lesions in the innermost layer (ARTERIAL INTIMA) of arteries including the AORTA and its branches to the extremities. Risk factors include smoking, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, and HYPERTENSION.		02.6330
Lymphedema
Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes.		01.9410
Scotoma
A localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision. This occurs with a variety of EYE DISEASES (e.g., RETINAL DISEASES and GLAUCOMA); OPTIC NERVE DISEASES, and other conditions.		03.0550
Leukemia, Radiation-Induced
Leukemia produced by exposure to IONIZING RADIATION or NON-IONIZING RADIATION.		03.7520
Autosomal Hemophilia A
[description not available]		03.5630
Hemophilia A
The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.		03.5630
Thrombocytopathy
[description not available]		04.9490
Blood Platelet Disorders
Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.		04.9490
Toxoplasmosis, Animal
Acquired infection of non-human animals by organisms of the genus TOXOPLASMA.		01.9410
Enterocolitis
Inflammation of the MUCOSA of both the SMALL INTESTINE and the LARGE INTESTINE. Etiology includes ISCHEMIA, infections, allergic, and immune responses.		01.9410
Gastroenteritis
INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.		04.8380
Diplopia
A visual symptom in which a single object is perceived by the visual cortex as two objects rather than one. Disorders associated with this condition include REFRACTIVE ERRORS; STRABISMUS; OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES; TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES; and diseases of the BRAIN STEM and OCCIPITAL LOBE.		01.9410
Asthenopia
Term generally used to describe complaints related to refractive error, ocular muscle imbalance, including pain or aching around the eyes, burning and itchiness of the eyelids, ocular fatigue, and headaches.		01.9410
Erythrocytosis
[description not available]		05.59130
Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria
[description not available]		01.9410
Circulatory Collapse
[description not available]		03.5530
Hypoproteinemia
A condition in which total serum protein level is below the normal range. Hypoproteinemia can be caused by protein malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract, EDEMA, or PROTEINURIA.		04.3680
Shock, Surgical
A type of shock that occurs as a result of a surgical procedure.		02.8510
Shock
A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.		03.5530
Diverticula
[description not available]		03.0450
Enteritis
Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.		08.3370
Bronchial Pneumonia
[description not available]		02.6430
Cancrum Oris
[description not available]		02.3420
Adult Rickets
[description not available]		04.81130
Osteomalacia
Disorder caused by an interruption of the mineralization of organic bone matrix leading to bone softening, bone pain, and weakness. It is the adult form of rickets resulting from disruption of VITAMIN D; PHOSPHORUS; or CALCIUM homeostasis.		04.81130
Borrelia Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus BORRELIA.		01.9410
Herpes Zoster, Ocular
[description not available]		01.9310
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
Virus infection of the Gasserian ganglion and its nerve branches characterized by pain and vesicular eruptions with much swelling. Ocular involvement is usually heralded by a vesicle on the tip of the nose. This area is innervated by the nasociliary nerve.		01.9310
Kelly's Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9410
Moniliasis, Oral
[description not available]		01.9410
Candidiasis, Oral
Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9410
Coenuri Infection
[description not available]		01.9410
Cysticercosis
Infection with CYSTICERCUS, the larval form of the various tapeworms of the genus Taenia (usually T. solium in man). In humans they penetrate the intestinal wall and invade subcutaneous tissue, brain, eye, muscle, heart, liver, lung, and peritoneum. Brain involvement results in NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS.		01.9410
Lipidoses
Conditions characterized by abnormal lipid deposition due to disturbance in lipid metabolism, such as hereditary diseases involving lysosomal enzymes required for lipid breakdown. They are classified either by the enzyme defect or by the type of lipid involved.		03.5530
Egyptian Ophthalmia
[description not available]		01.9410
Intestinal Perforation
Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.		02.3420
Thrombocythemia
[description not available]		03.7940
Hemorrhagic Diathesis
[description not available]		04.7270
Hemorrhagic Disorders
Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS).		04.7270
Chronic Hepatitis
[description not available]		03.2820
Hepatitis, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.		03.2820
Autoimmune Demyelinating Disease, Peripheral
[description not available]		01.9410
Incompetence, Pulmonary Valve
[description not available]		01.9410
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
[description not available]		03.5730
Polyradiculitis
[description not available]		01.9410
Polyradiculopathy
Disease or injury involving multiple SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. Polyradiculitis refers to inflammation of multiple spinal nerve roots.		01.9410
Respiratory Insufficiency
Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)		03.5730
Pleurisy
INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.		01.9410
Erythema Multiforme
A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.		01.9410
Tonsillitis
Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the PALATINE TONSILS but the ADENOIDS (pharyngeal tonsils) and lingual tonsils may also be involved. Tonsillitis usually is caused by bacterial infection. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent.		01.9410
Purine Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors
[description not available]		03.9650
Elliptocytosis, Hereditary
An intrinsic defect of erythrocytes inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The erythrocytes assume an oval or elliptical shape.		02.3420
Ileitis
Inflammation of any segment of the ILEUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE.		03.0550
Melena
The black, tarry, foul-smelling FECES that contain degraded blood.		02.3420
Neoplasms, Bronchial
[description not available]		02.6330
Hypokalemia
Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.4580
Bronchial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI.		02.6330
Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum
[description not available]		02.6430
Acantholytic Dyskeratotic Epidermal Nevi
[description not available]		01.9410
Keratosis
Any horny growth such as a wart or callus.		02.6430
Infections, Proteus
[description not available]		04.9491
Carditis
[description not available]		02.3420
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians
[description not available]		03.5690
Myocarditis
Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.		02.3420
Adenitis
[description not available]		02.3520
Pachymeningitis
[description not available]		02.8740
Congenital Infection, Toxoplasma gondii
[description not available]		03.0450
Choroiditis
Inflammation of the choroid.		02.3720
Meningitis
Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)		02.8740
Toxoplasmosis, Congenital
Prenatal protozoal infection with TOXOPLASMA gondii which is associated with injury to the developing fetal nervous system. The severity of this condition is related to the stage of pregnancy during which the infection occurs; first trimester infections are associated with a greater degree of neurologic dysfunction. Clinical features include HYDROCEPHALUS; MICROCEPHALY; deafness; cerebral calcifications; SEIZURES; and psychomotor retardation. Signs of a systemic infection may also be present at birth, including fever, rash, and hepatosplenomegaly. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p735)		03.0450
Abdominal Cryptorchidism
[description not available]		02.3420
Vibrio cholerae Infection
[description not available]		04.7270
Food Poisoning
[description not available]		03.5530
Cholera
An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.		04.7270
Placenta Praevia
[description not available]		03.5530
Uterine Rupture
A complete separation or tear in the wall of the UTERUS with or without expulsion of the FETUS. It may be due to injuries, multiple pregnancies, large fetus, previous scarring, or obstruction.		01.9410
Placenta Previa
Abnormal placentation in which the PLACENTA implants in the lower segment of the UTERUS (the zone of dilation) and may cover part or all of the opening of the CERVIX. It is often associated with serious antepartum bleeding and PREMATURE LABOR.		03.5530
Anemia, Leukoerythroblastic
[description not available]		02.6430
Thyrotoxicosis
A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excess THYROID HORMONES which may come from endogenous or exogenous sources. The endogenous source of hormone may be thyroid HYPERPLASIA; THYROID NEOPLASMS; or hormone-producing extrathyroidal tissue. Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by NERVOUSNESS; TACHYCARDIA; FATIGUE; WEIGHT LOSS; heat intolerance; and excessive SWEATING.		06.9310
Diphyllobothriasis
Infection with tapeworms of the genus Diphyllobothrium.		04.5860
Shock, Traumatic
Shock produced as a result of trauma.		01.9310
Pigmentary Retinopathy
[description not available]		01.9310
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the retina due to death of ROD PHOTORECEPTORS initially and subsequent death of CONE PHOTORECEPTORS. It is characterized by deposition of pigment in the retina.		01.9310
Biotinidase Deficiency
The late onset form of MULTIPLE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY (deficiency of the activities of biotin-dependent enzymes propionyl-CoA carboxylase, methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, and PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE) due to a defect or deficiency in biotinidase which is essential for recycling BIOTIN.		02.8440
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism
[description not available]		02.3720
Hypogonadism
Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).		02.3720
Basedow Disease
[description not available]		0531
Graves Disease
A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy).		0531
Acatalasemia
[description not available]		02.0110
Genital Warts
[description not available]		02.0110
Condylomata Acuminata
Sexually transmitted form of anogenital warty growth caused by the human papillomaviruses.		02.0110
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
[description not available]		05.8891
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.		05.8891
Angioma
A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of blood or lymphatic vessels that forms a tumor-like mass. Vessels in the angioma may or may not be dilated.		02.0110
Blue Nevi
[description not available]		02.0110
Hemangioma
A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000)		02.0110
Heavy Metal Poisoning, Nervous System
Conditions associated with damage or dysfunction of the nervous system caused by exposure to heavy metals, which may cause a variety of central, peripheral, or autonomic nervous system injuries.		02.0210
Atypical Lipoma
[description not available]		03.3320
Peripheral Nerve Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.420
Lipoma
A benign tumor composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It can be surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue (encapsulated), or diffuse without the capsule.		03.3320
Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms
Neoplasms which arise from peripheral nerve tissue. This includes NEUROFIBROMAS; SCHWANNOMAS; GRANULAR CELL TUMORS; and malignant peripheral NERVE SHEATH NEOPLASMS. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp1750-1)		02.420
Soft Tissue Neoplasms
Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.		02.420
Infectious Myelitis
[description not available]		02.8540
Spider Veins
[description not available]		01.9210
Telangiectasis
Permanent dilation of preexisting blood vessels (CAPILLARIES; ARTERIOLES; VENULES) creating small focal red lesions, most commonly in the skin or mucous membranes. It is characterized by the prominence of skin blood vessels, such as vascular spiders.		01.9210
Complement Deficiencies
[description not available]		01.9210
Avian Leukosis
A group of transmissible viral diseases of chickens and turkeys. Liver tumors are found in most forms, but tumors can be found elsewhere.		06.9210
Abdominal Cramps
[description not available]		01.9210
Leukemia, Plasmacytic
[description not available]		01.9210
Leukemia, Plasma Cell
A rare, aggressive variant of MULTIPLE MYELOMA characterized by the circulation of excessive PLASMA CELLS in the peripheral blood. It can be a primary manifestation of multiple myeloma or develop as a terminal complication during the disease.		01.9210
Gastric Diseases
[description not available]		04.5961
Linitis Plastica
A condition where the stomach wall becomes thickened, rubbery and loses its ability to distend. The stomach assumes a leather bottle shape. It is most often seen in adenocarcinoma of the stomach. The term is often used synonymously with diffuse adenocarcinoma of the stomach.		06.9310
Brill Disease
[description not available]		01.9310
Endemic Typhus
[description not available]		01.9310
Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne
The classic form of typhus, caused by RICKETTSIA PROWAZEKII, which is transmitted from man to man by the louse Pediculus humanus corporis. This disease is characterized by the sudden onset of intense headache, malaise, and generalized myalgia followed by the formation of a macular skin eruption and vascular and neurologic disturbances.		01.9310
E chaffeensis Infection
[description not available]		02.0110
Alcohol Abuse, Nervous System
[description not available]		02.0210
Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo
[description not available]		02.6730
Vertigo
An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1)		02.6730
Hydatid Mole
[description not available]		02.4320
Hydatidiform Mole
Trophoblastic hyperplasia associated with normal gestation, or molar pregnancy. It is characterized by the swelling of the CHORIONIC VILLI and elevated human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. Hydatidiform moles or molar pregnancy may be categorized as complete or partial based on their gross morphology, histopathology, and karyotype.		02.4320
Polychondritis, Chronic Atrophic
[description not available]		02.0210
External Ear Inflammation
[description not available]		02.0210
Otitis Externa
Inflammation of the OUTER EAR including the external EAR CANAL, cartilages of the auricle (EAR CARTILAGE), and the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.		02.0210
Polychondritis, Relapsing
An acquired disease of unknown etiology, chronic course, and tendency to recur. It is characterized by inflammation and degeneration of cartilage and can result in deformities such as floppy ear and saddle nose. Loss of cartilage in the respiratory tract can lead to respiratory obstruction.		02.0210
Acute Q Fever
[description not available]		02.0210
Starvation
Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)		04.58100
Cranial Nerve II Injuries
[description not available]		02.0210
Di Guglielmo Disease
[description not available]		04.1160
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute
A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.		04.1160
Chemical Sensitivities, Multiple
[description not available]		02.0210
Epulides
[description not available]		01.9210
Gingival Diseases
Diseases involving the GINGIVA.		01.9210
Hematuria
Presence of blood in the urine.		03.260
Bulbar Polio
[description not available]		01.9210
Menstruation, Painful
[description not available]		01.9210
Dysmenorrhea
Painful menstruation.		01.9210
Prurigo
A name applied to several itchy skin eruptions of unknown cause. The characteristic course is the formation of a dome-shaped papule with a small transient vesicle on top, followed by crusting over or lichenification. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9210
Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia) Deficiency Disease
[description not available]		02.3320
Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase I Deficiency Disease
A urea cycle disorder manifesting in infancy as lethargy, emesis, seizures, alterations of muscle tone, abnormal eye movements, and an elevation of serum ammonia. The disorder is caused by a reduction in the activity of hepatic mitochondrial CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA). (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp50-1)		02.3320
Brazilian Spotted Fever
[description not available]		01.9210
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
An acute febrile illness caused by RICKETTSIA RICKETTSII. It is transmitted to humans by bites of infected ticks and occurs only in North and South America. Characteristics include a sudden onset with headache and chills and fever lasting about two to three weeks. A cutaneous rash commonly appears on the extremities and trunk about the fourth day of illness.		01.9210
Dental Plaque
A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.		05.9552
Gingival Overgrowth
Excessive growth of the gingiva either by an increase in the size of the constituent cells (GINGIVAL HYPERTROPHY) or by an increase in their number (GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA). (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p574)		110.821
Ectopic Pregnancy
[description not available]		04.3140
Pregnancy, Ectopic
A potentially life-threatening condition in which EMBRYO IMPLANTATION occurs outside the cavity of the UTERUS. Most ectopic pregnancies (		04.3140
Placental Insufficiency
Failure of the PLACENTA to deliver an adequate supply of nutrients and OXYGEN to the FETUS.		04.0831
Leukokeratosis
Leukoplakic lesions related to abnormal keratin fiber formation.		04.0731
Leukoplakia
A white patch lesion found on a MUCOUS MEMBRANE that cannot be scraped off. Leukoplakia is generally considered a precancerous condition, however its appearance may also result from a variety of HEREDITARY DISEASES.		04.0731
Clubfeet
[description not available]		02.4320
Hemisensory Neglect
[description not available]		02.3720
Perceptual Disorders
Cognitive disorders characterized by an impaired ability to perceive the nature of objects or concepts through use of the sense organs. These include spatial neglect syndromes, where an individual does not attend to visual, auditory, or sensory stimuli presented from one side of the body.		02.3720
Encephalitis, JC Polyomavirus
[description not available]		02.0210
Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal
An opportunistic viral infection of the central nervous system associated with conditions that impair cell-mediated immunity (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES; HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; and COLLAGEN DISEASES). The causative organism is JC Polyomavirus (JC VIRUS) which primarily affects oligodendrocytes, resulting in multiple areas of demyelination. Clinical manifestations include DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; visual disturbances; and other focal neurologic deficits, generally progressing to a vegetative state within 6 months. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp36-7)		02.0210
Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency
An autosomal recessive disorder affecting DIHYDROPYRIMIDINE DEHYDROGENASE and causing familial pyrimidinemia. It is characterized by thymine-uraciluria in homozygous deficient patients. Even a partial deficiency in the enzyme leaves individuals at risk for developing severe 5-FLUOROURACIL-associated toxicity.		02.0210
Hemiplegia, Crossed
[description not available]		03.8121
Hemiplegia
Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by BRAIN DISEASES that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, BRAIN STEM lesions; cervical SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see PARESIS) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body.		03.8121
Complications, Neoplastic Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.4320
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease
[description not available]		02.9410
Lung Diseases, Interstitial
A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.		02.9410
Bewilderment
[description not available]		02.4320
Achromatopsia
Severely deficient color perception, typically with monochromacy and reduced visual acuity. The atypical form can include normal visual acuity with pseudomonochromacy.		02.6530
Color Vision Defects
Defects of color vision are mainly hereditary traits but can be secondary to acquired or developmental abnormalities in the CONES (RETINA). Severity of hereditary defects of color vision depends on the degree of mutation of the ROD OPSINS genes (on X CHROMOSOME and CHROMOSOME 3) that code the photopigments for red, green and blue.		02.6530
Urethral Obstruction
Partial or complete blockage in any part of the URETHRA that can lead to difficulty or inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER. It is characterized by an enlarged, often damaged, bladder with frequent urges to void.		02.0210
Convulsions, Grand Mal
[description not available]		03.0550
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic
A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)		03.0550
Arthritides, Bacterial
[description not available]		02.0210
Heart Valve Diseases
Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE).		02.6530
Duodenal Diseases
Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).		02.940
Affective Disorders, Psychotic
Disorders in which the essential feature is a severe disturbance in mood (depression, anxiety, elation, and excitement) accompanied by psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, gross impairment in reality testing, etc.		02.6730
Acid Aspiration Syndrome
[description not available]		02.9410
Pneumonia, Aspiration
A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.		02.9410
Adult-Onset Dystonias
[description not available]		02.0210
Dystonic Disorders
Acquired and inherited conditions that feature DYSTONIA as a primary manifestation of disease. These disorders are generally divided into generalized dystonias (e.g., dystonia musculorum deformans) and focal dystonias (e.g., writer's cramp). They are also classified by patterns of inheritance and by age of onset.		02.0210
Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.4320
Choroid Neovascularization
[description not available]		02.0310
Acquired Metabolic Diseases, Brain
[description not available]		02.940
Metabolic Acidosis
[description not available]		06.06111
Acidosis
A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.		06.06111
Carbohydrate Inducible Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		02.4320
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV
A hypertriglyceridemia disorder, often with autosomal dominant inheritance. It is characterized by the persistent elevations of plasma TRIGLYCERIDES, endogenously synthesized and contained predominantly in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins). In contrast, the plasma CHOLESTEROL and PHOSPHOLIPIDS usually remain within normal limits.		07.4320
Gall Bladder Diseases
[description not available]		03.2920
Disc, Herniated
[description not available]		02.0210
Intervertebral Disc Displacement
An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS has protruded through surrounding ANNULUS FIBROSUS. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.		02.0210
Mediastinal Diseases
Disorders of the mediastinum, general or unspecified.		02.9410
Cancer of Mediastinum
[description not available]		02.9410
Multiple Primary Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.9410
Mediastinal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MEDIASTINUM.		02.9410
Amyloid Angiopathy, Cerebral
[description not available]		02.0210
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or familial disorders characterized by AMYLOID deposits in the walls of small and medium sized blood vessels of CEREBRAL CORTEX and MENINGES. Clinical features include multiple, small lobar CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; cerebral ischemia (BRAIN ISCHEMIA); and CEREBRAL INFARCTION. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is unrelated to generalized AMYLOIDOSIS. Amyloidogenic peptides in this condition are nearly always the same ones found in ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (from Kumar: Robbins and Cotran: Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th ed., 2005)		02.0210
Amnesia-Memory Loss
[description not available]		02.0310
Amnesia
Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)		02.0310
Anorectal Diseases
[description not available]		02.6530
Rectal Diseases
Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).		02.6530
Pemphigus Foliaceus
[description not available]		02.3820
Pemphigus
Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.		02.3820
Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia with Myopathy
[description not available]		03.2260
Angiitis
[description not available]		04.131
Vasculitis
Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		04.131
Cretinism
[description not available]		02.0310
Congenital Hypothyroidism
A condition in infancy or early childhood due to an in-utero deficiency of THYROID HORMONES that can be caused by genetic or environmental factors, such as thyroid dysgenesis or HYPOTHYROIDISM in infants of mothers treated with THIOURACIL during pregnancy. Endemic cretinism is the result of iodine deficiency. Clinical symptoms include severe MENTAL RETARDATION, impaired skeletal development, short stature, and MYXEDEMA.		02.0310
Aseptic Necrosis of Bone
[description not available]		03.3420
Osteonecrosis
Death of a bone or part of a bone, either atraumatic or posttraumatic.		03.3420
Anguilluliasis
[description not available]		02.8740
Strongyloidiasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus STRONGYLOIDES. The presence of larvae may produce pneumonitis and the presence of adult worms in the intestine could lead to moderate to severe diarrhea.		02.8740
Chromosome Deletion
Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.		03.9950
Graft-Versus-Host Disease
[description not available]		07.6930
Graft vs Host Disease
The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.		02.6930
Adolescent Myoclonic Epilepsy
[description not available]		02.0310
Collagen Diseases
Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that collagen was equivalent to connective tissue, but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term collagen diseases now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494)		03.7620
Dissecting Vertebral Artery Aneurysm
[description not available]		02.7130
Ecchymosis
Extravasation of blood into the skin, resulting in a nonelevated, rounded or irregular, blue or purplish patch, larger than a petechia.		02.0310
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease
[description not available]		03.0650
Huntington Disease
A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)		03.0650
Developmental Coordination Disorder
[description not available]		02.4420
Abortion, Veterinary
Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals.		02.0310
Endometrial Diseases
[description not available]		02.0310
Uterine Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS.		02.0310
Bends
[description not available]		02.0310
Attachment Loss, Periodontal
[description not available]		03.8121
Pocket, Periodontal
[description not available]		02.0310
Periodontal Pocket
An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption.		02.0310
Fasting Hypoglycemia
HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.		05.13110
Hypoglycemia
A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.		010.13110
Apnea, Sleep
[description not available]		02.4220
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.		02.4220
Cancer of Pelvis
[description not available]		03.7821
Cancer of the Urethra
[description not available]		03.4211
Urethral Neoplasms
Cancer or tumors of the URETHRA. Benign epithelial tumors of the urethra usually consist of squamous and transitional cells. Primary urethral carcinomas are rare and typically of squamous cells. Urethral carcinoma is the only urological malignancy that is more common in females than in males.		03.4211
Black Fever
[description not available]		03.7940
Leishmaniasis, Visceral
A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.		03.7940
Cancer, Radiation-Induced
[description not available]		02.0310
Acute-Phase Reaction
An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.		03.8121
Hypertension, Renal
Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.		02.0310
Renal Artery Stenosis
[description not available]		03.8340
Renal Artery Obstruction
Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).		03.8340
Craniocerebral Injuries
[description not available]		02.0310
Injuries, Multiple
[description not available]		02.0310
Craniocerebral Trauma
Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.		02.0310
Uveitis
Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)		14.4420
Fracture, Pathologic
[description not available]		02.0310
Paralysis, Legs
[description not available]		02.940
Conus Medullaris Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0310
Paraplegia
Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.		02.940
Carcinoma, Oat Cell
[description not available]		04.341
Carcinoma, Small Cell
An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)		04.341
Becker Muscular Dystrophy
[description not available]		02.0310
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne
An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)		02.0310
Myositis, Multiple
[description not available]		02.0310
Polymyositis
Diseases characterized by inflammation involving multiple muscles. This may occur as an acute or chronic condition associated with medication toxicity (DRUG TOXICITY); CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES; infections; malignant NEOPLASMS; and other disorders. The term polymyositis is frequently used to refer to a specific clinical entity characterized by subacute or slowly progressing symmetrical weakness primarily affecting the proximal limb and trunk muscles. The illness may occur at any age, but is most frequent in the fourth to sixth decade of life. Weakness of pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles, interstitial lung disease, and inflammation of the myocardium may also occur. Muscle biopsy reveals widespread destruction of segments of muscle fibers and an inflammatory cellular response. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1404-9)		02.0310
Vasculitis, Retinal
[description not available]		02.0310
Retinal Vasculitis
Inflammation of the retinal vasculature with various causes including infectious disease; LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; BEHCET SYNDROME; and CHORIORETINITIS.		02.0310
Emesis, Postoperative
[description not available]		011.281616
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia.		011.281616
Hyperdactyly
[description not available]		02.0310
Alobar Holoprosencephaly
[description not available]		03.3220
Systolic Heart Failure
[description not available]		02.0410
Heart Failure, Systolic
Heart failure caused by abnormal myocardial contraction during SYSTOLE leading to defective cardiac emptying.		02.0410
Anophthalmia
[description not available]		02.0310
Microphthalmia
[description not available]		02.0310
Kawasaki Disease
[description not available]		03.4211
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome
An acute, febrile, mucocutaneous condition accompanied by swelling of cervical lymph nodes in infants and young children. The principal symptoms are fever, congestion of the ocular conjunctivae, reddening of the lips and oral cavity, protuberance of tongue papillae, and edema or erythema of the extremities.		03.4211
Encephalomyopathies, Mitochondrial
[description not available]		02.0310
Malignant Neurilemmoma
[description not available]		01.9210
Myosarcoma
A general term for a malignant neoplasm derived from muscular tissue. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9210
Abscess, Amebic
[description not available]		02.6330
Amebiasis, Intestinal
[description not available]		01.9210
Abscess, Amebic, Hepatic
[description not available]		01.9210
Amebiasis
Infection with any of various amebae. It is an asymptomatic carrier state in most individuals, but diseases ranging from chronic, mild diarrhea to fulminant dysentery may occur.		02.6330
Catatonia
A neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by one or more of the following essential features: immobility, mutism, negativism (active or passive refusal to follow commands), mannerisms, stereotypies, posturing, grimacing, excitement, echolalia, echopraxia, muscular rigidity, and stupor; sometimes punctuated by sudden violent outbursts, panic, or hallucinations. This condition may be associated with psychiatric illnesses (e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA; MOOD DISORDERS) or organic disorders (NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; ENCEPHALITIS, etc.). (From DSM-IV, 4th ed, 1994; APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)		02.0410
Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective
[description not available]		06.2785
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II
A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).		06.2785
Hymenolepiasis
Infection with tapeworms of the genus Hymenolepis.		02.3820
Osteomyelitis
INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.		03.5730
Binge Eating
[description not available]		02.420
Bulimia
Eating an excess amount of food in a short period of time, as seen in the disorder of BULIMIA NERVOSA. It is caused by an abnormal craving for food, or insatiable hunger also known as ox hunger.		02.420
Bulimia Nervosa
An eating disorder that is characterized by a cycle of binge eating (BULIMIA or bingeing) followed by inappropriate acts (purging) to avert weight gain. Purging methods often include self-induced VOMITING, use of LAXATIVES or DIURETICS, excessive exercise, and FASTING.		02.0410
Blood Coagulation Disorders, Inherited
Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of inherited abnormalities in blood coagulation.		02.0410
Altidudinal Hemianopia
[description not available]		02.0410
Embolic Infarction, Posterior Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.0410
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0410
Meningeal Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.		02.0410
Alcoholic Fatty Liver
[description not available]		03.3120
Dumping Syndrome
Gastrointestinal symptoms resulting from an absent or nonfunctioning pylorus.		03.3370
Anemia, Splenic
[description not available]		04.0330
Besnoitiasis
[description not available]		02.6330
Adenoma Sebaceum
Facial ANGIOFIBROMA in tuberous sclerosis		01.9410
Tuberous Sclerosis
Autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome classically characterized by MENTAL RETARDATION; EPILEPSY; and skin lesions (e.g., adenoma sebaceum and hypomelanotic macules). There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in the neurologic manifestations. It is also associated with cortical tuber and HAMARTOMAS formation throughout the body, especially the heart, kidneys, and eyes. Mutations in two loci TSC1 and TSC2 that encode hamartin and tuberin, respectively, are associated with the disease.		01.9410
Bacteriuria
The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection.		03.3370
Amblyopia, Developmental
[description not available]		03.7840
Amblyopia
A nonspecific term referring to impaired vision. Major subcategories include stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia and toxic amblyopia. Stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex. A discrepancy between visual information received by the visual cortex from each eye results in abnormal cortical development. STRABISMUS and REFRACTIVE ERRORS may cause this condition. Toxic amblyopia is a disorder of the OPTIC NERVE which is associated with ALCOHOLISM, tobacco SMOKING, and other toxins and as an adverse effect of the use of some medications.		08.7840
Clostridium tetani Infection
[description not available]		02.8710
Tetanus
A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.		02.8710
BCKD Deficiency
[description not available]		04.0330
Ataxia with Lactic Acidosis 2
[description not available]		02.8810
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
An autosomal recessive inherited disorder with multiple forms of phenotypic expression, caused by a defect in the oxidative decarboxylation of branched-chain amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, BRANCHED-CHAIN). These metabolites accumulate in body fluids and render a maple syrup odor. The disease is divided into classic, intermediate, intermittent, and thiamine responsive subtypes. The classic form presents in the first week of life with ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, emesis, neonatal seizures, and hypertonia. The intermediate and intermittent forms present in childhood or later with acute episodes of ataxia and vomiting. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p936)		04.0330
Infections, Pneumococcal
[description not available]		04.6721
Pneumococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.		04.6721
Priapism
A prolonged painful erection that may lasts hours and is not associated with sexual activity. It is seen in patients with SICKLE CELL ANEMIA, advanced malignancy, spinal trauma; and certain drug treatments.		03.2920
Preleukemia
Conditions in which the abnormalities in the peripheral blood or bone marrow represent the early manifestations of acute leukemia, but in which the changes are not of sufficient magnitude or specificity to permit a diagnosis of acute leukemia by the usual clinical criteria.		03.2720
Hallucination of Body Sensation
[description not available]		02.6430
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance
Disturbances in the body's WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.		01.9610
Hallucinations
Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.		02.6430
Middle Ear Inflammation
[description not available]		02.8740
Otitis Media
Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.		02.8740
Osteoid Osteoma
[description not available]		02.8810
Plant Poisoning
Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.		02.3520
Clostridioides difficile Infection
[description not available]		01.9610
Bacteroides Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus BACTEROIDES.		01.9610
Cronobacter Infections
[description not available]		02.6430
Actinomycetales Infections
Infections with bacteria of the order ACTINOMYCETALES.		01.9610
Clostridium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.		01.9610
Enterobacteriaceae Infections
Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.		02.6430
Entamoeba histolytica Infection
[description not available]		03.3511
Ptosis, Eyelid
[description not available]		01.9610
External Ophthalmoplegia
[description not available]		03.2160
Blepharoptosis
Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle.		01.9610
Adiadochokinesis
[description not available]		01.9610
Cerebellar Ataxia
Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90)		01.9610
Deficiency Disease, Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase
[description not available]		01.9610
Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease
An inherited urea cycle disorder associated with deficiency of the enzyme ORNITHINE CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE, transmitted as an X-linked trait and featuring elevations of amino acids and ammonia in the serum. Clinical features, which are more prominent in males, include seizures, behavioral alterations, episodic vomiting, lethargy, and coma. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp49-50)		01.9610
Farmer's Lung
A form of alveolitis or pneumonitis due to an acquired hypersensitivity to inhaled antigens associated with farm environment. Antigens in the farm dust are commonly from bacteria actinomycetes (SACCHAROPOLYSPORA and THERMOACTINOMYCES), fungi, and animal proteins in the soil, straw, crops, pelts, serum, and excreta.		01.9610
Leukemia P388
An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.		03.0650
Cystadenocarcinoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. The neoplastic cells manifest varying degrees of anaplasia and invasiveness, and local extension and metastases occur. Cystadenocarcinomas develop frequently in the ovaries, where pseudomucinous and serous types are recognized. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9610
Brain Damage, Chronic
A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.		02.6530
Obstructive Lung Diseases
[description not available]		02.6630
Lung Diseases, Obstructive
Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.		02.6630
alpha-Galactosidase A Deficiency
[description not available]		01.9610
Acid beta-Glucosidase Deficiency
[description not available]		02.3620
Fabry Disease
An X-linked inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE A. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS in blood vessels throughout the body leading to multi-system complications including renal, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and skin disorders.		01.9610
Gaucher Disease
An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase (GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE) leading to intralysosomal accumulation of glycosylceramide mainly in cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. The characteristic Gaucher cells, glycosphingolipid-filled HISTIOCYTES, displace normal cells in BONE MARROW and visceral organs causing skeletal deterioration, hepatosplenomegaly, and organ dysfunction. There are several subtypes based on the presence and severity of neurological involvement.		02.3620
Carcinoma 256, Walker
A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)		03.65100
Hemarthrosis
Bleeding into the joints. It may arise from trauma or spontaneously in patients with hemophilia.		01.9610
Necatoriasis
Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus NECATOR. The resulting anemia from this condition is less severe than that from ANCYLOSTOMIASIS.		01.9610
Connective Tissue Diseases
A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.		03.7620
Gammapathy, Monoclonal
[description not available]		02.8710
Paraproteinemias
A group of related diseases characterized by an unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells, usually from a single clone. These cells frequently secrete a structurally homogeneous immunoglobulin (M-component) and/or an abnormal immunoglobulin.		02.8710
Leukemia L5178
An experimental lymphocytic leukemia of mice.		03.8140
Delayed Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		02.8710
Ear Infection
[description not available]		01.9610
Histomoniasis
[description not available]		04.3530
Catatonic Schizophrenia
[description not available]		02.3620
Respiratory Tract Diseases
Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.		01.9510
Acantholysis Bullosa
[description not available]		01.9610
Epidermolysis Bullosa
Group of genetically determined disorders characterized by the blistering of skin and mucosae. There are four major forms: acquired, simple, junctional, and dystrophic. Each of the latter three has several varieties.		01.9610
Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex
[description not available]		03.0550
Reflex, Abnormal
An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.		03.0550
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial
[description not available]		01.9510
Carcinoma in Situ
A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.		01.9510
Lymphatic Diseases
Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.		03.0450
P carinii Infection
[description not available]		01.9810
Pneumocystis Infections
Infections with species in the genus PNEUMOCYSTIS, a fungus causing interstitial plasma cell pneumonia (PNEUMONIA, PNEUMOCYSTIS) and other infections in humans and other MAMMALS. Immunocompromised patients, especially those with AIDS, are particularly susceptible to these infections. Extrapulmonary sites are rare but seen occasionally.		01.9810
Chondrodystrophic Myotonia
[description not available]		01.9810
Infections, Nematode
[description not available]		01.9810
Ileal Diseases
Pathological development in the ILEUM including the ILEOCECAL VALVE.		01.9810
Urinary Tract Diseases
[description not available]		02.910
Familial Spastic Paraparesis, Htlv-1-Associated
[description not available]		03.320
Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic
A subacute paralytic myeloneuropathy occurring endemically in tropical areas such as the Caribbean, Colombia, India, and Africa, as well as in the southwestern region of Japan; associated with infection by HUMAN T-CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS I. Clinical manifestations include a slowly progressive spastic weakness of the legs, increased reflexes, Babinski signs, incontinence, and loss of vibratory and position sensation. On pathologic examination inflammatory, demyelination, and necrotic lesions may be found in the spinal cord. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1239)		03.320
Aplasia Pure Red Cell
[description not available]		01.9810
Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure
Suppression of erythropoiesis with little or no abnormality of leukocyte or platelet production.		01.9810
Nanism
[description not available]		02.6430
Dwarfism
A genetic or pathological condition that is characterized by short stature and undersize. Abnormal skeletal growth usually results in an adult who is significantly below the average height.		02.6430
Dementia Multi-Infarct
[description not available]		01.9810
Central Nervous System Toxoplasmosis
[description not available]		03.8140
Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral
Infections of the BRAIN caused by the protozoan TOXOPLASMA gondii that primarily arise in individuals with IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES (see also AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS). The infection may involve the brain diffusely or form discrete abscesses. Clinical manifestations include SEIZURES, altered mentation, headache, focal neurologic deficits, and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp41-3)		03.8140
Familial Periodic Paralysis
[description not available]		01.9810
Deficiency, Factor 7
[description not available]		02.3720
Antithrombin 3 Deficiency
[description not available]		01.9810
Factor VII Deficiency
An autosomal recessive characteristic or a coagulation disorder acquired in association with VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY. FACTOR VII is a Vitamin K dependent glycoprotein essential to the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.		02.3720
Antithrombin III Deficiency
An absence or reduced level of Antithrombin III leading to an increased risk for thrombosis.		01.9810
Prosthesis Durability
[description not available]		01.9810
Brain Inflammation
[description not available]		01.9810
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.		01.9810
Jejunal Diseases
Pathological development in the JEJUNUM region of the SMALL INTESTINE.		01.9810
Diverticulitis
Inflammation of a DIVERTICULUM or diverticula.		02.3620
Adult Spinal Muscular Atrophy
[description not available]		02.910
Muscular Atrophy, Spinal
A group of disorders marked by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts. Diseases in this category include Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and later onset SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD, most of which are hereditary. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)		02.910
Erythema Infectiosum
Contagious infection with human B19 Parvovirus most commonly seen in school age children and characterized by fever, headache, and rashes of the face, trunk, and extremities. It is often confused with RUBELLA.		01.9810
Trypanosomiasis
Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.		02.8740
Infections, Parvoviridae
[description not available]		03.2920
Thoracic Diseases
Disorders affecting the organs of the thorax.		03.2920
Drug Abuse, Intravenous
[description not available]		01.9810
Colonic Diseases
Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).		02.3620
Placental-Site Trophoblastic Tumor
[description not available]		01.9810
Trophoblastic Tumor, Placental Site
An uncommon variant of CHORIOCARCINOMA. It is composed almost entirely of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). Because its secretion of hCG (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN) is low, a large tumor may develop before the hCG can be detected.		01.9810
B Virus Infection
[description not available]		01.9910
Anemia With Multinucleated Erythroblasts
[description not available]		02.3920
Vulvovaginitis
Inflammation of the VULVA and the VAGINA, characterized by discharge, burning, and PRURITUS.		02.3720
AIDS, Murine
[description not available]		02.910
Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma
[description not available]		01.9910
Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell
A poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in which the nucleus is pressed to one side by a cytoplasmic droplet of mucus. It usually arises in the gastrointestinal system.		01.9910
Bladder Diseases
[description not available]		01.9910
Urinary Incontinence
Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE.		02.3720
Brain Swelling
[description not available]		01.9910
Brain Edema
Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)		01.9910
Common Variable Hypogammaglobulinemia
[description not available]		01.9910
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Heterogeneous group of immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia of most isotypes, variable B-cell defects, and the presence of recurrent bacterial infections.		01.9910
Coronary Thrombosis
Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		01.9910
Protozoan Infections, Animal
Infections with unicellular organisms formerly members of the subkingdom Protozoa. The infections may be experimental or veterinary.		01.9910
Abnormalities, Skin
[description not available]		01.9910
Skin Abnormalities
Congenital structural abnormalities of the skin.		01.9910
Choroid Plexus Neoplasms, Primary
[description not available]		02.420
Choroid Plexus Neoplasms
Benign or malignant tumors which arise from the choroid plexus of the ventricles of the brain. Papillomas (see PAPILLOMA, CHOROID PLEXUS) and carcinomas are the most common histologic subtypes, and tend to seed throughout the ventricular and subarachnoid spaces. Clinical features include headaches, ataxia and alterations of consciousness, primarily resulting from associated HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2072; J Neurosurg 1998 Mar;88(3):521-8)		02.420
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
A syndrome that is characterized by the triad of severe PEPTIC ULCER, hypersecretion of GASTRIC ACID, and GASTRIN-producing tumors of the PANCREAS or other tissue (GASTRINOMA). This syndrome may be sporadic or be associated with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1.		04.9630
Acquired-Immune Deficiency Syndrome Dementia Complex
[description not available]		02.9110
AIDS Dementia Complex
A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40)		02.9110
Emergencies
Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.		01.9910
Graft Occlusion, Vascular
Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.		01.9910
Burns, Chemical
Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS.		01.9910
Convulsive Generalized Seizure Disorder
[description not available]		02.420
Male Genitourinary Diseases
[description not available]		02.9110
Female Genitourinary Diseases
[description not available]		02.9110
Hearing Loss, Functional
Hearing loss without a physical basis. Often observed in patients with psychological or behavioral disorders.		03.3811
Leg Ulcer
Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.		03.9850
Cockayne-Touraine Disease
[description not available]		0210
Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica
Form of epidermolysis bullosa characterized by atrophy of blistered areas, severe scarring, and nail changes. It is most often present at birth or in early infancy and occurs in both autosomal dominant and recessive forms. All forms of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa result from mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE VII, a major component fibrils of BASEMENT MEMBRANE and EPIDERMIS.		0210
Hereditary Optic Atrophy
[description not available]		01.9910
Cryptosporidium Infection
[description not available]		03.3220
Cryptosporidiosis
Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.		03.3220
Abnormalities, Maxillofacial
[description not available]		02.9110
Hypertriglyceridemia
A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.		03.3811
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, M4
[description not available]		0210
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute
A pediatric acute myeloid leukemia involving both myeloid and monocytoid precursors. At least 20% of non-erythroid cells are of monocytic origin.		0210
Immunoblastic Large-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		0210
Cancer of Paranasal Sinus
[description not available]		0210
Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PARANASAL SINUSES.		0210
Infarct
[description not available]		02.3720
Angina Pectoris with Normal Coronary Arteriogram
[description not available]		0210
Anoxia, Fetal
[description not available]		02.9210
Fetal Hypoxia
Deficient oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD.		02.9210
Muscle Relaxation
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.		02.4120
Pregnancy, Tubal
The most common (		0210
Oliguria
Decreased URINE output that is below the normal range. Oliguria can be defined as urine output of less than or equal to 0.5 or 1 ml/kg/hr depending on the age.		02.8740
Convalescence
The period of recovery following an illness.		03.3911
Hamartoma
A focal malformation resembling a neoplasm, composed of an overgrowth of mature cells and tissues that normally occur in the affected area.		0210
Carcinoma, Thymic
[description not available]		0210
Cancer of the Thymus
[description not available]		0210
Tuberculoma
A tumor-like mass resulting from the enlargement of a tuberculous lesion.		0210
Thymoma
A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		0210
Thymus Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND.		0210
Basilar Artery Insufficiency
[description not available]		0210
Leishmania Infection
[description not available]		0210
Leishmaniasis
A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).		0210
Leishmaniasis, American
[description not available]		0210
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous
An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes.		0210
Episcleritis
[description not available]		0210
Aortitis Syndrome
[description not available]		0210
Takayasu Arteritis
A chronic inflammatory process that affects the AORTA and its primary branches, such as the brachiocephalic artery (BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK) and CAROTID ARTERIES. It results in progressive arterial stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysm formation. The pulse in the arm is hard to detect. Patients with aortitis syndrome often exhibit retinopathy.		0210
Scleritis
Refers to any inflammation of the sclera including episcleritis, a benign condition affecting only the episclera, which is generally short-lived and easily treated. Classic scleritis, on the other hand, affects deeper tissue and is characterized by higher rates of visual acuity loss and even mortality, particularly in necrotizing form. Its characteristic symptom is severe and general head pain. Scleritis has also been associated with systemic collagen disease. Etiology is unknown but is thought to involve a local immune response. Treatment is difficult and includes administration of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids. Inflammation of the sclera may also be secondary to inflammation of adjacent tissues, such as the conjunctiva.		0210
Trichocephaliasis
[description not available]		04.0431
Trichuriasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus TRICHURIS, formerly called Trichocephalus.		04.0431
Dermatitis, Contact, Phototoxic
[description not available]		0210
Infection, Puerperal
[description not available]		03.2920
Granulomatosis, Wegener's
[description not available]		03.2920
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome
An idiopathic syndrome characterized by the formation of granulation tissue in the anterior cavernous sinus or superior orbital fissure, producing a painful ophthalmoplegia. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p271)		02.9210
Granuloma, Plasma Cell, Orbital
[description not available]		02.9210
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
A multisystemic disease of a complex genetic background. It is characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels (VASCULITIS) leading to damage in any number of organs. The common features include granulomatous inflammation of the RESPIRATORY TRACT and KIDNEYS. Most patients have measurable autoantibodies (ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES) against MYELOBLASTIN.		03.2920
Orbital Pseudotumor
A nonspecific tumor-like inflammatory lesion in the ORBIT of the eye. It is usually composed of mature LYMPHOCYTES; PLASMA CELLS; MACROPHAGES; LEUKOCYTES with varying degrees of FIBROSIS. Orbital pseudotumors are often associated with inflammation of the extraocular muscles (ORBITAL MYOSITIS) or inflammation of the lacrimal glands (DACRYOADENITIS).		02.9210
Deficiency, Protein S
[description not available]		0210
Infectious Endophthalmitis
Infectious condition of the internal eye.		03.3911
Endophthalmitis
Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye frequently associated with an infection.		03.3911
Hypermelanosis
[description not available]		02.9210
Sunburn
An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.		02.9210
Hyperpigmentation
Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.		02.9210
Fusiform Aneurysm
Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS.		02.0110
Aneurysm
Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics.		02.0110
Enterobiasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus ENTEROBIUS; E. vermicularis, the pinworm of man, causes a crawling sensation and pruritus. This condition results in scratching the area, occasionally causing scarification.		02.0110
Complex Partial Epilepsy
[description not available]		0210
Epilepsy, Complex Partial
A disorder characterized by recurrent partial seizures marked by impairment of cognition. During the seizure the individual may experience a wide variety of psychic phenomenon including formed hallucinations, illusions, deja vu, intense emotional feelings, confusion, and spatial disorientation. Focal motor activity, sensory alterations and AUTOMATISM may also occur. Complex partial seizures often originate from foci in one or both temporal lobes. The etiology may be idiopathic (cryptogenic partial complex epilepsy) or occur as a secondary manifestation of a focal cortical lesion (symptomatic partial complex epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317-8)		0210
Alveolalgia
[description not available]		02.0110
Absence Seizure Disorder
[description not available]		02.6430
Epilepsy, Absence
A seizure disorder usually occurring in childhood characterized by rhythmic electrical brain discharges of generalized onset. Clinical features include a sudden cessation of ongoing activity usually without loss of postural tone. Rhythmic blinking of the eyelids or lip smacking frequently accompanies the SEIZURES. The usual duration is 5-10 seconds, and multiple episodes may occur daily. Juvenile absence epilepsy is characterized by the juvenile onset of absence seizures and an increased incidence of myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p736)		02.6430
Remission, Spontaneous
A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.		04.73120
Endothelioma, Vascular
[description not available]		01.9510
Hemangioendothelioma
A neoplasm derived from blood vessels, characterized by numerous prominent endothelial cells that occur singly, in aggregates, and as the lining of congeries of vascular tubes or channels. Hemangioendotheliomas are relatively rare and are of intermediate malignancy (between benign hemangiomas and conventional angiosarcomas). They affect men and women about equally and rarely develop in childhood. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1866)		01.9510
Cholangioma
[description not available]		01.9510
Adenoma, Bile Duct
A benign tumor of the intrahepatic bile ducts.		01.9510
Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Error
[description not available]		02.3520
Deficiency, Hexosediphosphatase
[description not available]		03.7940
Aminoaciduria, Renal
[description not available]		02.6430
Proctitis
INFLAMMATION of the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the RECTUM, the distal end of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).		03.2720
Eosinophilic Granuloma
The most benign and common form of Langerhans-cell histiocytosis which involves localized nodular lesions predominantly of the bones but also of the gastric mucosa, small intestine, lungs, or skin, with infiltration by EOSINOPHILS.		01.9510
Ewing Sarcoma
[description not available]		01.9510
Sarcoma, Ewing
A malignant tumor of the bone which always arises in the medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones. The tumor occurs usually before the age of 20, about twice as frequently in males as in females.		01.9510
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
[description not available]		01.9510
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental
A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.		01.9510
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
[description not available]		05.561
P carinii Pneumonia
[description not available]		05.6571
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis
A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.		05.6571
Bodily Distress Disorder
[description not available]		01.9510
Fasciolopsiasis
[description not available]		07.3620
Segond Fracture
[description not available]		01.9510
Tibial Fractures
Fractures of the TIBIA.		01.9510
Hypergammaglobulinemia
An excess of GAMMA-GLOBULINS in the serum due to chronic infections or PARAPROTEINEMIAS.		01.9510
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular
[description not available]		03.5630
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.		03.5630
Erosive Duodenitis
[description not available]		01.9510
Duodenitis
Inflammation of the DUODENUM section of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL). Erosive duodenitis may cause bleeding in the UPPER GI TRACT and PEPTIC ULCER.		01.9510
Chorioretinitis
Inflammation of the choroid in which the sensory retina becomes edematous and opaque. The inflammatory cells and exudate may burst through the sensory retina to cloud the vitreous body.		02.3520
Abortion, Incomplete
Premature loss of PREGNANCY in which not all the products of CONCEPTION have been expelled.		01.9510
Urinary Calculi
Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.		02.3720
Bone Diseases, Developmental
Diseases resulting in abnormal GROWTH or abnormal MORPHOGENESIS of BONES.		01.9510
Plasma Cell Tumor
[description not available]		01.9510
Plasmacytoma
Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.		01.9510
As If Personality
[description not available]		02.8640
Childhood Schizophrenia
[description not available]		01.9510
Poisoning, Fluoride
[description not available]		03.7420
Fluoride Poisoning
Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of FLUORIDE compounds.		03.7420
Sex Disorders
[description not available]		04.2511
Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological
Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female.		04.2511
Anuria
Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present.		02.6430
Gangrene
Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply.		02.6430
Tenosynovitis
Inflammation of the synovial lining of a tendon sheath. Causes include trauma, tendon stress, bacterial disease (gonorrhea, tuberculosis), rheumatic disease, and gout. Common sites are the hand, wrist, shoulder capsule, hip capsule, hamstring muscles, and Achilles tendon. The tendon sheaths become inflamed and painful, and accumulate fluid. Joint mobility is usually reduced.		01.9510
Brain Ventricular Neoplasms
[description not available]		01.9510
Amyotonia Congenita
[description not available]		01.9510
Neuromuscular Diseases
A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.		01.9510
Leukemia, Acute Monocytic
[description not available]		02.6330
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage including monoblasts, promonocytes, and MONOCYTES.		02.6330
Pregnancy, Prolonged
A term used to describe pregnancies that exceed the upper limit of a normal gestational period. In humans, a prolonged pregnancy is defined as one that extends beyond 42 weeks (294 days) after the first day of the last menstrual period (MENSTRUATION), or birth with gestational age of 41 weeks or more.		03.3411
Nephrocalcinosis
A condition characterized by calcification of the renal tissue itself. It is usually seen in distal RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS with calcium deposition in the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES and the surrounding interstitium. Nephrocalcinosis causes RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		01.9510
Gastroesophageal Laceration-Hemorrhage
[description not available]		01.9510
Esophageal Diseases
Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS.		03.2720
Hyperactivity, Motor
[description not available]		03.2620
Bowel Incontinence
[description not available]		01.9510
Fecal Incontinence
Failure of voluntary control of the anal sphincters, with involuntary passage of feces and flatus.		01.9510
Autosomal Recessive Chronic Granulomatous Disease
[description not available]		01.9510
Granulomatous Disease, Chronic
A defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, the condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.		01.9510
Colon Diverticula
[description not available]		02.3520
Diverticulum, Colon
A pouch or sac opening from the COLON.		02.3520
Acroosteolysis, Giaccai Type
[description not available]		02.8910
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Demyelinating, Type 4f
[description not available]		02.8910
Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies
A group of inherited disorders characterized by degeneration of dorsal root and autonomic ganglion cells, and clinically by loss of sensation and autonomic dysfunction. There are five subtypes. Type I features autosomal dominant inheritance and distal sensory involvement. Type II is characterized by autosomal inheritance and distal and proximal sensory loss. Type III is DYSAUTONOMIA, FAMILIAL. Type IV features insensitivity to pain, heat intolerance, and mental deficiency. Type V is characterized by a selective loss of pain with intact light touch and vibratory sensation. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, pp142-4)		02.8910
Benign Intracranial Hypertension
[description not available]		03.320
Pseudotumor Cerebri
A condition marked by raised intracranial pressure and characterized clinically by HEADACHES; NAUSEA; PAPILLEDEMA, peripheral constriction of the visual fields, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile TINNITUS. OBESITY is frequently associated with this condition, which primarily affects women between 20 and 44 years of age. Chronic PAPILLEDEMA may lead to optic nerve injury (see OPTIC NERVE DISEASES) and visual loss (see BLINDNESS).		03.320
Cystic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		01.9810
Kidney Diseases, Cystic
A heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which the KIDNEY contains one or more CYSTS unilaterally or bilaterally (KIDNEY, CYSTIC).		01.9810
Human T-lymphotropic Virus 1 Infection
[description not available]		01.9810
HTLV-I Infections
Diseases caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1.		01.9810
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy
[description not available]		01.9710
Mast-Cell Sarcoma
A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow.		01.9710
Infection, Postoperative Wound
[description not available]		02.3620
Dehiscence, Surgical Wound
[description not available]		01.9710
Nail Diseases
Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates.		02.3720
Kidney Papillary Necrosis
A complication of kidney diseases characterized by cell death involving KIDNEY PAPILLA in the KIDNEY MEDULLA. Damages to this area may hinder the kidney to concentrate urine resulting in POLYURIA. Sloughed off necrotic tissue may block KIDNEY PELVIS or URETER. Necrosis of multiple renal papillae can lead to KIDNEY FAILURE.		02.3620
Delusional Disorder
Disorder with presentation of a facade of coldness with characteristic pervasive mistrust and suspiciousness of others.		01.9710
Arterial Diseases, Cerebral
[description not available]		02.8910
Cerebral Arterial Diseases
Pathological conditions of intracranial ARTERIES supplying the CEREBRUM. These diseases often are due to abnormalities or pathological processes in the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; and POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY.		02.8910
Dysgammaglobulinemia
An immunologic deficiency state characterized by selective deficiencies of one or more, but not all, classes of immunoglobulins.		02.8810
Abdominal Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN.		01.9710
Labhart-Willi Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9710
Prader-Willi Syndrome
An autosomal dominant disorder caused by deletion of the proximal long arm of the paternal chromosome 15 (15q11-q13) or by inheritance of both of the pair of chromosomes 15 from the mother (UNIPARENTAL DISOMY) which are imprinted (GENETIC IMPRINTING) and hence silenced. Clinical manifestations include MENTAL RETARDATION; MUSCULAR HYPOTONIA; HYPERPHAGIA; OBESITY; short stature; HYPOGONADISM; STRABISMUS; and HYPERSOMNOLENCE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p229)		01.9710
Aseptic Meningitis
[description not available]		01.9610
Meningitis, Aseptic
A syndrome characterized by headache, neck stiffness, low grade fever, and CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis in the absence of an acute bacterial pathogen. Viral meningitis is the most frequent cause although MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS; RICKETTSIA INFECTIONS; diagnostic or therapeutic procedures; NEOPLASTIC PROCESSES; septic perimeningeal foci; and other conditions may result in this syndrome. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p745)		01.9610
Cryptogenic Infantile Spasms
[description not available]		02.8910
Spasms, Infantile
An epileptic syndrome characterized by the triad of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and arrest of psychomotor development at seizure onset. The majority present between 3-12 months of age, with spasms consisting of combinations of brief flexor or extensor movements of the head, trunk, and limbs. The condition is divided into two forms: cryptogenic (idiopathic) and symptomatic (secondary to a known disease process such as intrauterine infections; nervous system abnormalities; BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC, INBORN; prematurity; perinatal asphyxia; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; etc.). (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp744-8)		02.8910
Adenomatosis, Familial Endocrine
[description not available]		01.9710
Mycoplasma dispar Infection
[description not available]		01.9710
Ph 1 Chromosome
[description not available]		01.9610
Albinism
General term for a number of inherited defects of amino acid metabolism in which there is a deficiency or absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, or hair.		02.3620
ARC
[description not available]		01.9710
AIDS-Related Complex
A prodromal phase of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Laboratory criteria separating AIDS-related complex (ARC) from AIDS include elevated or hyperactive B-cell humoral immune responses, compared to depressed or normal antibody reactivity in AIDS; follicular or mixed hyperplasia in ARC lymph nodes, leading to lymphocyte degeneration and depletion more typical of AIDS; evolving succession of histopathological lesions such as localization of Kaposi's sarcoma, signaling the transition to the full-blown AIDS.		01.9710
Leukemoid Reaction
A peripheral blood picture resembling that of leukemia or indistinguishable from it on the basis of morphologic appearance alone. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9710
Lingua Plicata
[description not available]		01.9710
Abscess
Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.		01.9610
Mucorales Infection
[description not available]		01.9710
Mucormycosis
Infection in humans and animals caused by any fungus in the order MUCORALES (e.g., RHIZOPUS; MUCOR; CUNNINGHAMELLA; APOPHYSOMYCES; ABSIDIA; SAKSENAEA and RHIZOMUCOR) There are many clinical types associated with infection including central nervous system, lung, gastrointestinal tract, skin, orbit and paranasal sinuses. In humans, it usually occurs as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION.		01.9710
Carcinoma, Krebs 2
A transplantable neoplasm of mice.		02.3720
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism
[description not available]		01.9610
Parkinson Disease, Secondary
Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)		01.9610
Alcohol Amnestic Disorder
A mental disorder associated with chronic ethanol abuse (ALCOHOLISM) and nutritional deficiencies characterized by short term memory loss, confabulations, and disturbances of attention. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1139)		02.3620
Ovine Diseases
[description not available]		01.9710
Pleuropericarditis
Inflammation of both the PERICARDIUM and the PLEURA.		02.8810
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS.		02.8810
Hair Diseases
Diseases affecting the orderly growth and persistence of hair.		01.9610
Abetalipoproteinemia
An autosomal recessive disorder of lipid metabolism. It is caused by mutation of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein that catalyzes the transport of lipids (TRIGLYCERIDES; CHOLESTEROL ESTERS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS) and is required in the secretion of BETA-LIPOPROTEINS (low density lipoproteins or LDL). Features include defective intestinal lipid absorption, very low serum cholesterol level, and near absent LDL.		03.2720
Xanthoma
[description not available]		02.8610
Biliary Tract Diseases
Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.		03.2620
Eperythrozoonosis
[description not available]		01.9510
Cervix Incompetence
[description not available]		01.9510
Phagocyte Bactericidal Dysfunction
Disorders in which phagocytic cells cannot kill ingested bacteria; characterized by frequent recurring infection with formulation of granulomas.		01.9510
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal
A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.		02.3520
Familial Felty Syndrome
[description not available]		03.7420
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies
[description not available]		02.8610
Myositis
Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.		02.8610
Peritonitis, Tuberculous
A form of PERITONITIS seen in patients with TUBERCULOSIS, characterized by lesion either as a miliary form or as a pelvic mass on the peritoneal surfaces. Most patients have ASCITES, abdominal swelling, ABDOMINAL PAIN, and other systemic symptoms such as FEVER; WEIGHT LOSS; and ANEMIA.		01.9410
Psychophysiologic Disorders
A group of disorders characterized by physical symptoms that are affected by emotional factors and involve a single organ system, usually under AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM control. (American Psychiatric Glossary, 1988)		01.9410
Skin Manifestations
Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury.		07.6330
Concussive Convulsion
[description not available]		01.9510
Malaria, Avian
Any of a group of infections of fowl caused by protozoa of the genera PLASMODIUM, Leucocytozoon, and Haemoproteus. The life cycles of these parasites and the disease produced bears strong resemblance to those observed in human malaria.		02.3420
Adenoma, Chromophobe
A benign tumor of the anterior pituitary in which the cells do not stain with acidic or basic dyes.		01.9410
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis
[description not available]		02.3520
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous
An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.		02.3520
Empyema, Gall Bladder
[description not available]		01.9410
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.		01.9410
Gallbladder Dyskinesia
[description not available]		01.9410
Biliary Dyskinesia
A motility disorder characterized by biliary COLIC, absence of GALLSTONES, and an abnormal GALLBLADDER ejection fraction. It is caused by gallbladder dyskinesia and/or SPHINCTER OF ODDI DYSFUNCTION.		01.9410
Glomerular Necrosis
[description not available]		02.3520
Pus
[description not available]		03.3311
Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood
[description not available]		02.3520
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe
A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321).		02.3520
Spasmophilia
[description not available]		02.3520
Hypocalcemia
Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.6330
Island Cell Tumor
[description not available]		01.9410
Adenoma, Islet Cell
A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the INSULIN-producing PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, as in INSULINOMA, resulting in HYPERINSULINISM.		01.9410
Adrenal Cancer
[description not available]		01.9410
Cancer of the Vagina
[description not available]		01.9510
Vaginal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the VAGINA.		01.9510
Adult Fanconi Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9510
Acrodermatitis
Inflammation involving the skin of the extremities, especially the hands and feet. Several forms are known, some idiopathic and some hereditary. The infantile form is called Gianotti-Crosti syndrome.		01.9510
Amino Acid Transport Disorder, Neutral
[description not available]		01.9510
Amyloidosis
A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.		01.9510
Cystinuria
An inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of CYSTINE and other BASIC AMINO ACIDS by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This form of aminoaciduria is characterized by the abnormally high urinary levels of cystine; LYSINE; ARGININE; and ORNITHINE. Mutations involve the amino acid transport protein gene SLC3A1.		02.3520
Anaplastic Ependymoma
[description not available]		01.9510
Ependymoma
Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9)		01.9510
Deficiency, Factor II
[description not available]		01.9510
Deficiency, Factor 5
[description not available]		01.9510
Hemoglobin C Disease
A disease characterized by compensated hemolysis with a normal hemoglobin level or a mild to moderate anemia. There may be intermittent abdominal discomfort, splenomegaly, and slight jaundice.		04.2540
Acquired Adult Flatfoot Deformity
[description not available]		02.8610
Goiter
Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC).		01.9410
Dysentery, Shiga bacillus
[description not available]		03.5530
Dysentery, Bacillary
DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest).		03.5530
Bilharziasis
[description not available]		02.8610
Schistosomiasis
Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.		02.8610
Hyperpotassemia
[description not available]		02.8610
Hyperkalemia
Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.8610
Animal Diseases
Diseases that occur in VERTEBRATE animals.		02.8610
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection
[description not available]		02.8610
Gonorrhea
Acute infectious disease characterized by primary invasion of the urogenital tract. The etiologic agent, NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE, was isolated by Neisser in 1879.		02.8610
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome
Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.		02.8610
Hypertension, Portal
Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.		02.8610
Franklin Disease
[description not available]		02.8610
Calculus, Dental
[description not available]		01.9410
Bacterial Overgrowth Syndrome
[description not available]		04.0230
Pappataci Fever
[description not available]		03.3311
Cerebral Pseudosclerosis
[description not available]		01.9410
Hepatolenticular Degeneration
A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years.		01.9410
Erythroplasia
A condition of the mucous membrane characterized by erythematous papular lesions.		01.9410
Hemorrhage, Peptic Ulcer
[description not available]		01.9410
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9410
Congenital Syphilis
[description not available]		01.9410
Syphilis, Congenital
Syphilis acquired in utero and manifested by any of several characteristic tooth (Hutchinson's teeth) or bone malformations and by active mucocutaneous syphilis at birth or shortly thereafter. Ocular and neurologic changes may also occur.		01.9410
Bezoars
Concretions of swallowed hair, fruit or vegetable fibers, or similar substances found in the alimentary canal.		01.9510
Froehlich's Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9510
Babesia Infection
[description not available]		01.9510
Embolus
[description not available]		01.9510
Embolism
Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.		01.9510
Urination Disorders
Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.		01.9510
Abdomen, Acute
A clinical syndrome with acute abdominal pain that is severe, localized, and rapid in onset. Acute abdomen may be caused by a variety of disorders, injuries, or diseases.		01.9510
Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica
A fibrous degeneration, cyst formation, and the presence of fibrous nodules in bone, usually due to HYPERPARATHYROIDISM.		01.9510
Osteosclerosis
An abnormal hardening or increased density of bone tissue.		01.9510
CKD-MBD
[description not available]		01.9510
Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder
Decalcification of bone or abnormal bone development due to chronic KIDNEY DISEASES, in which 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis by the kidneys is impaired, leading to reduced negative feedback on PARATHYROID HORMONE. The resulting SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM eventually leads to bone disorders.		01.9510
Enteric Fever
[description not available]		01.9510
Typhoid Fever
An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.		01.9510
Tooth Diseases
Diseases involving the TEETH.		01.9510
Cancer of Spleen
[description not available]		01.9410
Infections, Klebsiella
[description not available]		01.9410
Klebsiella Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.		01.9410
Dermatitis, Radiation-Induced
[description not available]		01.9410
Radiodermatitis
A cutaneous inflammatory reaction occurring as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation.		01.9410
Anal Fistula
[description not available]		01.9410
Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis
[description not available]		01.9410
Health Care Associated Infection
[description not available]		01.9410
Cross Infection
Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.		01.9410
Hydronephrosis
Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.		01.9410
Polyuria
Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS).		01.9410
Alkalosis
A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids.		01.9410
Friedreich Disease
[description not available]		01.9410
Friedreich Ataxia
An autosomal recessive disease, usually of childhood onset, characterized pathologically by degeneration of the spinocerebellar tracts, posterior columns, and to a lesser extent the corticospinal tracts. Clinical manifestations include GAIT ATAXIA, pes cavus, speech impairment, lateral curvature of spine, rhythmic head tremor, kyphoscoliosis, congestive heart failure (secondary to a cardiomyopathy), and lower extremity weakness. Most forms of this condition are associated with a mutation in a gene on chromosome 9, at band q13, which codes for the mitochondrial protein frataxin. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1081; N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75) The severity of Friedreich ataxia associated with expansion of GAA repeats in the first intron of the frataxin gene correlates with the number of trinucleotide repeats. (From Durr et al, N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75)		01.9410
Oral Manifestations
Disorders of the mouth attendant upon non-oral disease or injury.		01.9410
Gingival Hypertrophy
Abnormal enlargement or overgrowth of the gingivae brought about by enlargement of existing cells.		01.9410
Optic Atrophy
Atrophy of the optic disk which may be congenital or acquired. This condition indicates a deficiency in the number of nerve fibers which arise in the RETINA and converge to form the OPTIC DISK; OPTIC NERVE; OPTIC CHIASM; and optic tracts. GLAUCOMA; ISCHEMIA; inflammation, a chronic elevation of intracranial pressure, toxins, optic nerve compression, and inherited conditions (see OPTIC ATROPHIES, HEREDITARY) are relatively common causes of this condition.		01.9410
Myoma
A benign neoplasm of muscular tissue. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9410
Chorea Disorders
[description not available]		02.3520
Autotomy Human
[description not available]		02.3520
Athetoid Movements
[description not available]		02.3520
Chorea
Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.		02.3520
Haemophilus Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.		01.9410
Infectious Skin Diseases
[description not available]		01.9410
Skin Diseases, Infectious
Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.		01.9410
Hand Dermatosis
[description not available]		01.9410
Foot Dermatoses
Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.		01.9410
Hand Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the HANDS.		01.9410
Suffocation
[description not available]		01.9410
Asphyxia
A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of life.		01.9410
Lymphocytosis
Excess of normal lymphocytes in the blood or in any effusion.		01.9410
Tuberculosis, Renal
Infection of the KIDNEY with species of MYCOBACTERIUM.		02.3520
Hyperbilirubinemia, Hereditary
Inborn errors of bilirubin metabolism resulting in excessive amounts of bilirubin in the circulating blood, either because of increased bilirubin production or because of delayed clearance of bilirubin from the blood.		01.9410
Opisthorchis felineus Infection
[description not available]		01.9410
Opisthorchiasis
Infection with flukes of the genus Opisthorchis.		01.9410
Cervical Dystonia
A common form of DYSTONIA due to involuntary sustained or spasmodic, repetitive muscle contractions in the neck region. According to the position of the twisted neck and head, cervical dystonia can be categorized as torticollis, laterocollis, retrocollis, and a combination of these abnormal postures.		01.9410
Torticollis
A symptom, not a disease, of a twisted neck. In most instances, the head is tipped toward one side and the chin rotated toward the other. The involuntary muscle contractions in the neck region of patients with torticollis can be due to congenital defects, trauma, inflammation, tumors, and neurological or other factors.		01.9410
Inferior Dislocation
[description not available]		01.9410
Megacolon
Dilatation of the COLON, often to alarming dimensions. There are various types of megacolon including congenital megacolon in HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE, idiopathic megacolon in CONSTIPATION, and TOXIC MEGACOLON.		01.9410
Bone Tuberculosis
[description not available]		01.9410
Conjugate Nystagmus
[description not available]		01.9410
Calcium Metabolism Disorders
Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.		01.9410