Page last updated: 2024-11-10

arachidonyl dopamine

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

arachidonyl dopamine: a ligand for the vanilloid receptor VR1 [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID5282105
CHEMBL ID138921
CHEBI ID31231
SCHEMBL ID154051
MeSH IDM0450845

Synonyms (41)

Synonym
(5z,8z,11z,14z)-n-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenamide
n-arachidonoyl dopamine
n-arachidonoyl-dopamine (nada)
chembl138921 ,
bdbm20462
arachidonoyl dopamine
nada
n-(5z,8z,11z,14z-eicosatetraenoyl)-dopamine
n-arachidonyl dopamine
NCGC00161231-05
NCGC00161231-03
NCGC00161231-04
nada dopamine
n-arachidonoyldopamine
aa-da
arachidonyl dopamine
chebi:31231 ,
BML3-G03
199875-69-9
LMFA08020084
AKOS015951332
gtpl4261
SCHEMBL154051
n-arachidonyldopamine
n-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-5z,8z,11z,14z-eicosatetraenamide
DTXSID70415208
MVVPIAAVGAWJNQ-DOFZRALJSA-N
HMS3649B19
unii-q8nx2kl2yp
q8nx2kl2yp ,
Q3869319
EX-A7306
sr-01000946639
SR-01000946639-1
5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenamide, n-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-,(5z,8z,11z,14z)-
n-arachidonoyl-dopamine
CS-0032833
HY-110018
5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenamide, n-(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-, (5z,8z,11z,14z)-
(5z,8z,11z,14z)-n-(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenamide
5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenamide, n-(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-, (all-z)-

Research Excerpts

Effects

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"N-arachidonyl dopamine (NADA) has been identified as a putative endocannabinoid, but there is little information about which signalling pathways it activates. "( Identification of N-arachidonoyl dopamine as a highly biased ligand at cannabinoid CB1 receptors.
Cawston, EE; Connor, M; Edington, AR; Glass, M; Grimsey, NL; Redmond, WJ; Stuart, J, 2016
)
1.16

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Both 8-Br-cAMP (100 microM) and forskolin (10 microM) right-shifted the dose-response curves for the TRPM8-mediated effect of icilin and menthol on intracellular Ca(2+)."( Regulation of transient receptor potential channels of melastatin type 8 (TRPM8): effect of cAMP, cannabinoid CB(1) receptors and endovanilloids.
De Petrocellis, L; Di Marzo, V; Moriello, AS; Orlando, P; Starowicz, K; Vivese, M, 2007
)
0.34
" This compound penetrates the CNS and shows potent anti-nociceptive effects in a broad range of animal pain models upon oral dosing due in part to its ability to antagonize both central and peripheral TRPV1 receptors."( Tetrahydropyridine-4-carboxamides as novel, potent transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonists.
Bianchi, BR; Brown, BS; Faltynek, CR; Honore, P; Jarvis, MF; Keddy, R; Koenig, JR; Lee, CH; Marsh, KC; McDonald, HA; Polakowski, JS; Schmidt, RG; Surowy, CS; Zheng, GZ, 2008
)
0.35
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (4)

ClassDescription
fatty amideA monocarboxylic acid amide derived from a fatty acid.
catecholsAny compound containing an o-diphenol component.
secondary carboxamideA carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with a primary amine; formula RC(=O)NHR(1).
N-(fatty acyl)-dopamine
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (18)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.48130.003245.467312,589.2998AID2517
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolaseGiardia intestinalisPotency15.81140.140911.194039.8107AID2451
Chain A, Ferritin light chainEquus caballus (horse)Potency17.78285.623417.292931.6228AID485281
phosphopantetheinyl transferaseBacillus subtilisPotency44.66840.141337.9142100.0000AID1490
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.67300.180013.557439.8107AID1460; AID1468
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.84890.011212.4002100.0000AID1030
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency11.22020.035520.977089.1251AID504332
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX12Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.44671.000012.232631.6228AID1452
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.001815.663839.8107AID894
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRAHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.354828.065989.1251AID504847
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1Mus musculus (house mouse)Potency11.22020.00798.23321,122.0200AID2551
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.48130.031622.3146100.0000AID588579
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency17.78280.251215.843239.8107AID504327
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.91250.316212.765731.6228AID881
Histamine H2 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Potency8.91250.00638.235039.8107AID881
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Cannabinoid receptor 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.25000.00020.566510.0000AID1127496; AID238320
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Cannabinoid receptor 2Mus musculus (house mouse)EC50 (µMol)0.05000.00730.15460.7040AID1127516
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)0.76450.00051.06746.3096AID1127516; AID1797975
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (57)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
lipid metabolic processPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid metabolic processPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
apoptotic processPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiationPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid metabolic processPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migrationPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
prostate gland developmentPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of epithelial cell differentiationPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chemokine productionPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathwayPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiationPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell cyclePolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of growthPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
hepoxilin biosynthetic processPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
endocannabinoid signaling pathwayPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
cannabinoid biosynthetic processPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
lipoxin A4 biosynthetic processPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
linoleic acid metabolic processPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
lipid oxidationPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
lipoxygenase pathwayPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
thermoceptionTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IITransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
fever generationTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
microglial cell activationTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
diet induced thermogenesisTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
peptide secretionTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressureTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
lipid metabolic processTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathwayTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
chemosensory behaviorTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of heart rateTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane potentialTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate secretionTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signalingTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to heatTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to peptide hormoneTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic processTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to painTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of mechanical stimulusTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
detection of temperature stimulus involved in thermoceptionTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of painTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of painTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein homotetramerizationTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle contraction involved in micturitionTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane transportTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to alkaloidTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ATPTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to tumor necrosis factorTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to acidic pHTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to temperature stimulusTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of establishment of blood-brain barrierTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion import across plasma membraneTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to capsazepineTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulusTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (22)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
iron ion bindingPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
calcium ion bindingPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
lipid bindingPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase activityPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 8(S)-lipoxygenase activityPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase activityPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase activityPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane signaling receptor activityTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activityTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activityTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated calcium channel activityTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
calcium channel activityTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin bindingTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
intracellularly gated calcium channel activityTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel regulator activityTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol bindingTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
phosphoprotein bindingTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
temperature-gated ion channel activityTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (12)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
nucleusPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
cytoskeletonPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
adherens junctionPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
membranePolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomePolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine membraneTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (17)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID387967Antiproliferative activity against human WI38 cells at 10 uM after 48 hrs relative to control2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 16, Issue:22
Acylamido analogs of endocannabinoids selectively inhibit cancer cell proliferation.
AID238321Binding affinity for cannabinoid receptor 22005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-11, Volume: 48, Issue:16
The endocannabinoid system: drug targets, lead compounds, and potential therapeutic applications.
AID387971Antiproliferative activity against rat RBL2H3 cells at 10 uM treated 1 hr before LPS-challenge assessed after 24 hrs relative to control2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 16, Issue:22
Acylamido analogs of endocannabinoids selectively inhibit cancer cell proliferation.
AID195483Tested for decrease in rectal temperature 5 min after ip injection2001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-26, Volume: 11, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel amides of polyunsaturated fatty acids with dopamine.
AID183630Tested for percent immobility time in the ring test, expressed as % of control (p<0.01)2001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-26, Volume: 11, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel amides of polyunsaturated fatty acids with dopamine.
AID42890Concentration required to displace 0.4 nM [3H]SR-141,716A from CB1 receptor in rat brain preparations in the presence of 0.1 mM phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride2001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-26, Volume: 11, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel amides of polyunsaturated fatty acids with dopamine.
AID387969Antiproliferative activity against rat RBL2H3 cells at 0.1 uM treated 1 hr before LPS-challenge assessed after 24 hrs relative to control2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 16, Issue:22
Acylamido analogs of endocannabinoids selectively inhibit cancer cell proliferation.
AID1127505Displacement of [3H]Win55212-2 from CB2 receptor of rat spleen by liquid scintillation counting2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-14, Volume: 56, Issue:21
Therapeutic utility of cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB(2)) selective agonists.
AID238320Binding affinity for cannabinoid receptor 12005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-11, Volume: 48, Issue:16
The endocannabinoid system: drug targets, lead compounds, and potential therapeutic applications.
AID195482Tested for decrease in rectal temperature 10 min after ip injection2001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-26, Volume: 11, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel amides of polyunsaturated fatty acids with dopamine.
AID1127509Selectivity ratio of Ki for CB2 receptor of rat spleen to Ki for CB1 receptor of rat brain2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-14, Volume: 56, Issue:21
Therapeutic utility of cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB(2)) selective agonists.
AID387970Antiproliferative activity against rat RBL2H3 cells at 1 uM treated 1 hr before LPS-challenge assessed after 24 hrs relative to control2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 16, Issue:22
Acylamido analogs of endocannabinoids selectively inhibit cancer cell proliferation.
AID193981Tested to induce analgesia in hot plate test, expressed as percent of latency time (p<0.05)2001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-26, Volume: 11, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel amides of polyunsaturated fatty acids with dopamine.
AID387968Antiproliferative activity against mouse RAW264.7 cells at 10 uM after 48 hrs relative to control2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 16, Issue:22
Acylamido analogs of endocannabinoids selectively inhibit cancer cell proliferation.
AID1127496Displacement of [3H]SR141716A from rat brain CB1 receptor by liquid scintillation spectrophotometry2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-14, Volume: 56, Issue:21
Therapeutic utility of cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB(2)) selective agonists.
AID1127516Activation of human VR1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of Ca2+ influx by Fluo-3 staining-based fluorescence assay2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-14, Volume: 56, Issue:21
Therapeutic utility of cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB(2)) selective agonists.
AID1797975Radioligand Binding Assay and Agonist Ca2+ Influx Functional Assay from Article 10.1124/jpet.107.124305: \\[3H]A-778317 [1-((R)-5-tert-butyl-indan-1-yl)-3-isoquinolin-5-yl-urea]: a novel, stereoselective, high-affinity antagonist is a useful radioligand fo2007The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Oct, Volume: 323, Issue:1
[3H]A-778317 [1-((R)-5-tert-butyl-indan-1-yl)-3-isoquinolin-5-yl-urea]: a novel, stereoselective, high-affinity antagonist is a useful radioligand for the human transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) receptor.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (61)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's36 (59.02)29.6817
2010's23 (37.70)24.3611
2020's2 (3.28)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 10.27

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index10.27 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.14 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.41 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (10.27)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews4 (6.45%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other58 (93.55%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]