vancomycin

Research Excerpts

Overview

Vancomycin (VCM) is a first-line antimicrobial agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a cause of nosocomial infections. It has limited intravenous use due to its toxicity.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Vancomycin (Van) is a key antibiotic of choice for the treatment of systemic methicillin resistant "	( Engineering mesoporous silica nanoparticles towards oral delivery of vancomycin. Blaskovich, MAT; Cao, Y; Falconer, JR; Kumeria, T; Ndayishimiye, J; Popat, A, 2021)	2.3
"Vancomycin is a common and critical drug for empiric antimicrobial therapy in the infected burn patient. "	( Continuous infusion versus intermittent infusion vancomycin in a burn center intensive care unit. Duby, JJ; Schlobohm, CJ; Zhu, E, 2021)	2.32
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used against multi-drug resistant gram-positive bacteria such as "	( Metabolic and Lipidomic Assessment of Kidney Cells Exposed to Nephrotoxic Vancomycin Dosages. Bäzner, F; Gawron, J; Kadena, D; Kammerer, B; Lagies, S; Lienkamp, SS; Pichler, R; Plattner, DA; Schreiner, A; Vladimirov, G, 2021)	2.29
"Vancomycin is a commonly used antibiotic in critically ill patients for various indications. "	( The impact of early target attainment of vancomycin in critically ill patients with confirmed Gram-positive infection: A retrospective cohort study. Al Harbi, S; Al Sulaiman, K; Alghamdi, N; Alharbi, A; Alhelal, K; Aljuhani, O; Alsaeed, A; Alshaya, A; Alshehri, N; Althewaibi, S; Alzahrani, H; Vishwakarma, R, 2021)	2.33
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic commonly used in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) to treat late onset sepsis. "	( Assessment of initial vancomycin trough levels and risk factors of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in neonates. Abu-Sa'da, O; Afzal, U; Dawoud, TH; Khan, N; Rahmani, A; Varghese, N, 2022)	2.48
"Vancomycin (VCM) is a first-line antimicrobial agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a cause of nosocomial infections. "	( Reagentless Sensing of Vancomycin Using an Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Grafted with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer including Ferrocenyl Group. Eguchi, H; Hatano, A; Yoshimi, Y, 2021)	2.37
"Vancomycin is an antibiotic used against Gram-positive bacteria, such as MRSA, but it has limited intravenous use due to its toxicity."	( Preparation and evaluation of antibacterial wound dressing based on vancomycin-loaded silk/dialdehyde starch nanoparticles. Einipour, SK; Rezapour, A; Sadrjahani, M, 2022)	1.68
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is used to treat serious grampositive infections. "	( Effect of Initial Vancomycin Dose and Creatinine Clearance on the Attainment of Target Trough Concentration in Children. Anh, NT; Huy, VQ; Quan, KT; Thang, NV; Tuan, HM, 2022)	2.5
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is a primary treatment for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. "	( A machine learning model that emulates experts' decision making in vancomycin initial dose planning. Kato, Y; Matsuzaki, T; Mizoguchi, H; Yamada, K, 2022)	2.4
"Vancomycin is a potent antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria; however, its use can be limited by nephrotoxicity. "	( Impact of combining vancomycin with proton pump inhibitors on the incidence of acute kidney injury. Alamoudi, SA; Alharbi, HA; Aljohani, HA; Basurrah, SA; Thabit, AK, 2022)	2.49
"Vancomycin is a commonly used antibiotic for multi-drug resistant gram-positive infections treatment, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). "	( Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Vancomycin in Jordanian Patients. Development of Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model and Validation of Class II Drugs of Salivary Excretion Classification System (SECS). Abdul-Sattar, A; Al-Adham, I; Al-Fararjah, F; Al-Ghazawi, A; Al-Hasassnah, R; Arabyat, M; Hamadi, S; Idkaidek, N; Mohmmad, W; Rabayah, A, 2022)	2.45
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. "	( Surface molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction for the determination of vancomycin in plasma samples using HPLC-MS/MS. Chen, Q; He, L; Liu, R; Song, X; Zhou, H, 2022)	2.39
"Vancomycin is a commonly used antimicrobial in hospitals, and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is required to optimize its efficacy and avoid toxicities. "	( PK-RNN-V E: A deep learning model approach to vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring using electronic health record data. Feng, H; Mao, B; Miao, H; Nigo, M; Rasmy, L; Tran, HTN; Xie, Z; Zhi, D, 2022)	2.42
"Vancomycin (VCM) is a standard treatment for bacterial meningitis. "	( Exploring the Factors Affecting the Transferability of Vancomycin to Cerebrospinal Fluid in Postoperative Neurosurgical Patients with Bacterial Meningitis. Enoki, Y; Fukao, E; Ichinose, N; Matsumoto, K; Oda, T; Shinoda, K; Taguchi, K; Tsutsumi, K; Yoshikawa, G, 2022)	2.41
"Vancomycin powder (VP) is an antibiotic first introduced in pediatric spinal surgery to prevent surgical site infections (SSI). "	( Topical vancomycin powder does not affect patella cartilage degeneration in primary total knee arthroplasty and conversion rate for secondary patella resurfacing. Brodt, S; Jacob, B; Matziolis, G; von Eisenhart-Rothe, R; Wassilew, G, 2023)	2.79
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used for prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. "	( Impact of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in an Infant Treated with Vancomycin: A Case Report. Imai, H; Iwamoto, T; Kato, H; Shiraishi, C, 2023)	2.59
"Vancomycin is a reference antibiotic against methicillin-resistant staphylococci. "	( Frequency and factors associated with infusion-related local complications of vancomycin on peripheral venous catheters. Ammar, H; Bensaid, S; Dubert, M; Jouffroy, R; Le Beller, C; Lebeaux, D; Lillo-Lelouet, A; Podglajen, I; Rolland, S, 2023)	2.58
"Vancomycin is a treatment option for patients with severe methicillin-resistant "	( Development of a Single-nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping Assay for the Rapid Detection of Vancomycin-intermediate Resistance in Kim, JW; Lee, KJ, 2023)	2.57
"Vancomycin (VAN) is an effective antibiotic due to its broad-spectrum bactericidal action. "	( HPLC method development and validation for in vitro and in vivo quantification of vancomycin in rabbit plasma. Aamir, MN; Ali, I; Amjad, O; Arshad, R; Gul, R; Hanif, S; Jahan, F; Shahnaz, G; Syed, MA; Zaman, SU, 2022)	2.39
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is widely used for the treatment of Gram-positive infections, such as life-threatening systemic diseases caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)."	( Synthesis of vancomycin fluorescent probes that retain antimicrobial activity, identify Gram-positive bacteria, and detect Gram-negative outer membrane damage. Blaskovich, MAT; Butler, MS; Cooper, MA; Elliott, AG; Kc, S; Pagliara, S; Phetsang, W; Stone, MRL; Tsaneva-Atanasova, K; Voliotis, M; Zhang, B; Łapińska, U, 2023)	2
"Vancomycin is an effective antibiotic used for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections. "	( Separation and structural characterization of unknown impurity in vancomycin by two-dimensional preparative liquid chromatography, LC-MS and NMR. Chen, D; Liu, H; Qiu, Y; Wang, X; Wen, H; Weng, R, 2023)	2.59
"Vancomycin (VCM) is a widely used antibiotic for the treatment of gram-positive microorganisms, with some nephrotoxic effects. "	( Factors associated with acute kidney injury among preterm infants administered vancomycin: a retrospective cohort study. Kim, EK; Kim, HS; Park, SG; Shin, BS; Shin, SH, 2023)	2.58
"Vancomycin (VCM) is an antibiotic widely used in the treatment of resistant bacteria. "	( Effect of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Vancomycin on the Clinical Outcome of Fujii, S; Fukumura, Y; Hoshi, T; Kato, S; Miura, M; Miyazaki, K; Sato, H; Takahashi, M; Taniguchi, S; Wada, N; Watanabe, K; Yamada, K, )	1.83
"Vancomycin is a naturally occurring cell-wall-targeting glycopeptide antibiotic. "	( When less is more: shortening the Lpp protein leads to increased vancomycin resistance in Escherichia coli. Le, VVH; Olivera, C; Rakonjac, J; Wykes, H, 2023)	2.59
"Vancomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic widely used in cases of suspected sepsis in premature neonates. "	( Vancomycin-induced gut microbial dysbiosis alters enteric neuron-macrophage interactions during a critical period of postnatal development. Barrios, BE; Floyd, AN; Gaddipati, S; John, V; Joyce, EL; Kaye, ME; Kulkarni, DH; McDonald, KG; Newberry, RD; Pauta, JT; Rusconi, B; Schill, EM; Udayan, S, 2023)	3.8
"Vancomycin is a widely used antibiotic in hemodialysis patients. "	( Skin lesions and vancomycin use in a hemodialysis patient. Blanc, J; Clerté, M; Morel, P; Ridel, C; Schurder, J; Touzot, M, 2019)	2.3
"Vancomycin is a commonly used antibiotic with potent activity against Gram-positive organisms, but prolonged use and high doses can lead to toxicity. "	( Long-term vancomycin use had low risk of ototoxicity. Humphrey, C; Shorman, MA; Veve, MP; Walker, B, 2019)	2.36
"Vancomycin is a first-line antibiotic for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections or other Gram-positive infections. "	( Vancomycin area under the curve to minimum inhibitory concentration ratio predicting clinical outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis with pooled sensitivity and specificity. Dalton, BR; Dersch-Mills, D; Griener, TP; Langevin, A; Ondro, C; Rajakumar, I; Rennert-May, E; Sabuda, D, 2020)	3.44
"Vancomycin is a commonly used glycopeptide antibiotic due to its effectiveness in treating serious Gram-positive bacterial infections, especially methicillin-resistant "	( Vancomycin-induced reversible pancytopenia and rash in a 16-month-old boy with osteomyelitis: A case report . Hou, N; Leng, B; Li, T; Yan, G, 2020)	3.44
"Vancomycin is a first-line treatment for invasive infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacteria. "	( New insights into the vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity using in vitro metabolomics combined with physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. Du, H; Li, X; Li, Z; Lin, Y; Wei, Y; Yang, Y; Zhuang, X, 2020)	2.32
"Vancomycin is a critical antibiotic used in important infections, and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is recommended. "	( Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Coupled With Bayesian Forecasting Could Prevent Vancomycin-Associated Nephrotoxicity in Renal Insufficiency Patients: A Prospective Study and Pharmacoeconomic Analysis. Dong, Y; Du, Q; Liu, Y; Sun, D; Wang, T; You, H; Zhang, D; Zhang, T; Zhang, Y, 2020)	2.23
"Vancomycin is a medication with potential for significant harm with both overdosing and underdosing. "	( Vancomycin Dosing in Children With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Azim, A; Foster, BA; Haag, M; Khare, M; Kneese, G; Rhee, KE; Weinstein, K, 2020)	3.44
"Vancomycin powder (VP) is a well-established topical antibiotic used in spinal surgery to prevent surgical site infections. "	( Vancomycin is toxic to human chondrocytes in vitro. Böhle, S; Jacob, B; Matziolis, G; Rohe, S; Röhner, E; Zippelius, T, 2021)	3.51
"Vancomycin is a recommended therapy in multiple national guidelines. "	( Vancomycin-Induced Kidney Injury: Animal Models of Toxicodynamics, Mechanisms of Injury, Human Translation, and Potential Strategies for Prevention. Avedissian, SN; Downes, KJ; Liu, J; Moorthy, GS; Pais, GM; Rhodes, NJ; Scheetz, MH; Zepcan, S, 2020)	3.44
"Vancomycin is a first-line antibiotic for the treatment of invasive infections in humans caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). "	( Effects of caspofungin, tolcapone and other FDA-approved medications on MRSA susceptibility to vancomycin. Earl, MH; Kummer, TM; Long, TE; McAleer, JP; Meakin, M; Moore, JA, 2020)	2.22
"Vancomycin (VAN) is a glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci infections."	( Opposite effect of vancomycin and D-Cycloserine combination in both vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci. Boudrioua, A; Giraud, C; Hartke, A; Li, Y, 2020)	1.61
"Vancomycin (VAN) is an anti-microbial agent used to treat a number of bacterial infections, which has a high incidence of nephrotoxicity. "	( Increased Vancomycin Clearance in Patients with Solid Malignancies. Hasegawa, H; Horino, T; Imai, M; Izumisawa, T; Kaneko, T; Saito, D; Soma, M; Takahashi, N; Wakui, N, 2020)	2.4
"Vancomycin is an old antibiotic whose use is still being debated today. "	( Practice survey on the use of vancomycin in pediatrics in the New Aquitaine region and guidelines of learned societies. Pauquet, E; Sarlangue, J; Veluzat, S, 2020)	2.29
"Vancomycin is an important antibiotic for critically ill patients with Gram-positive bacterial infections. "	( Prospective validation of a model-informed precision dosing tool for vancomycin in intensive care patients. Brüggemann, R; de Jager, CPC; Derijks, HJ; Frenzel, T; Keizer, RJ; Smolders, EJ; Ter Heine, R; van Luin, M; van Steeg, K, 2020)	2.24
"Vancomycin is an extensively used anti-infective drug in neonatal ICUs. "	( Vancomycin-induced ototoxicity in very-low-birthweight infants. Eichhorn, J; Fortmann, I; Göpel, W; Härtel, C; Heitmann, F; Herting, E; Humberg, A; Marissen, J; Rausch, TK; Roll, C; Schaible, T; Simon, A; Stein, A; Wintgens, J, 2020)	3.44
"Vancomycin is a common first-line option for MRSA infections. "	( Detection of heterogeneous vancomycin intermediate resistance in MRSA isolates from Latin America. Arias, CA; Berrio, M; Carvajal, LP; Castro, BE; Cubides, P; Diaz, L; Dinh, A; Forero, E; Hernandez, AK; Millan, LV; Munita, JM; Reyes, J; Rincon, S; Rios, R; Seas, C; Vargas, ML, 2020)	2.3
"Vancomycin (VCN) is an antibiotic used in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-derived infections. "	( A sensitive HPLC-UV method for quantifying vancomycin in biological matrices: Application to pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies in rat plasma, skin and lymph nodes. Courtenay, AJ; Donnelly, RF; McAlister, E; McCarthy, HO; McCrudden, MTC; Permana, AD; Ramadon, D; Tekko, IA, 2020)	2.26
"Vancomycin (VCM) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent commonly used against gram-positive microorganisms but has serious nephrotoxic side effects that limit its effectiveness. "	( Chlorogenic acid prevents vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity without compromising vancomycin antibacterial properties. Dai, C; Hao, Z; Qu, S; Tang, Q; Wang, H; Wang, J; Zhao, H, 2020)	2.3
"Vancomycin (VCM) is a glycopeptide antibiotic widely used to treat serious infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and has been associated with some severe side effects such as hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. "	( Zingerone attenuates vancomycin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats through regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Ayna, A; Caglayan, C; Darendelioğlu, E; Kandemir, FM; Kucukler, S; Yıldırım, S, 2020)	2.32
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used for the treatment of Gram-positive infections. "	( Association of Initial Trough Concentrations of Vancomycin with Outcomes in Pediatric Patients with Gram-Positive Bacterial Infection. Imai, S; Itohara, K; Kondo, M; Matsubara, K; Nakagawa, S; Nakagawa, T; Omura, T; Orii, S; Sato, Y; Sugimoto, M; Yonezawa, A, 2020)	2.26
"Vancomycin is a primary antibiotic for the treatment of severe infections in children with malignant hematological disease. "	( Population Pharmacokinetic Study of Vancomycin in Chinese Pediatric Patients with Hematological Malignancies. Fang, L; Gao, P; Hu, Y; Huang, L; Ni, Y; Wang, H; Wang, J; Yang, J; Zhang, L; Zhu, Z, 2020)	2.28
"Vancomycin is a potent antibacterial drug that suffers from poor bioavailability due to its poor water solubility and relatively high molecular weight. "	( Control of Vancomycin Activity through the Encapsulation and Controlled Release from a Propargyl Acrylate-Poloxamer Nanocomposite System. Foulger, SH; Jones, HW; Klep, O; Reukov, V, 2020)	2.39
"Vancomycin is an antibiotic commonly used to treat serious gram-positive infections. "	( Validation of Vancomycin Dosing Guidance During Transition of Care. Chan, M; Heng, ST; Ng, TM; Oon, J; Tam, VH, 2021)	2.42
"Vancomycin is a synthetic antibiotic effective against Gram-positive pathogens. "	( Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis and Dose Regimen Optimization in Japanese Infants with an Extremely Low Birth Weight. Aoki, K; Arakawa, R; Hanada, K; Sasano, H, 2021)	2.06
"Vancomycin is an amphoteric glycopeptide molecule, and its group diversity and chiral active sites provide a potential basis for its application in chromatographic analysis. "	( Analysis of proteins and chiral drugs based on vancomycin covalent capillary electrophoretic coating. Cong, H; Shen, Y; Wang, F; Wang, S; Xing, J; Yu, B, 2021)	2.32
"Vancomycin (VAN) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic against Gram-positive cocci used empirically with other broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP), cefepime, or meropenem (MEM). "	( Impact of combining vancomycin with piperacillin/tazobactam or with meropenem on vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity. Huntul, MA; Kabli, NA; Thabit, AK; Tookhi, RF, 2021)	2.39
"Oral vancomycin is a cornerstone of CDI treatment, but dosing strategies in clinical practice may differ from guideline recommendations."	( Effect of oral vancomycin dose on outcomes in patients with Clostridioides difficile infection. Bidell, MR; Bratek, BR; Duru, OO; Mitchell, CL; Novak, GM; O'Donnell, JN; Roddy, KM; Singh, G, 2021)	1.43
"Vancomycin is an antibiotic that is widely used in pediatric intensive care, but the safe and effective use of this drug is challenging."	( Impact of the Implementation of a Vancomycin Protocol on Trough Serum Vancomycin Concentrations in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. de Lucena Capelari, JP; Dias, CAG; Rezende, RQ; Ricachinevsky, CP, 2021)	2.34
"Vancomycin is a commonly used antimicrobial with the potential for renal toxicity. "	( Relationships between creatinine increase and mortality rates in patients given vancomycin in 76 hospitals: The increasing role of infectious disease pharmacists. Tabak, YP; Vankeepuram, L; Yamaga, C; Yu, KC, 2021)	2.29
"Norvancomycin is an antibiotic that has been approved for the treatment of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacteria and has been used in China for more than a decade. "	( Pharmacokinetics and cerebrospinal fluid penetration of norvancomycin in Chinese adult patients. He, S; Li, J; Lu, C; Yang, Z, 2017)	1.32
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic largely used for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria but inefficient against Gram-negative species."	( Nanotransformation of Vancomycin Overcomes the Intrinsic Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacteria. Fernandes, MM; Francesko, A; Hoyo, J; Ivanova, K; Pérez-Rafael, S; Tzanov, T, 2017)	1.49
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is active against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. "	( The Whole Price of Vancomycin: Toxicities, Troughs, and Time. Jeffres, MN, 2017)	2.23
"Vancomycin is a widely used clinical drug to treat for infection by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. "	( D-cycloserine increases the effectiveness of vancomycin against vancomycin-highly resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Ishii, M; Matsumoto, Y; Moriya, K; Okazaki, M; Sato, T; Sekimizu, K; Tabuchi, F; Tatsuno, K, 2017)	2.16
"Vancomycin MIC creep is a regional problem, therefore it can only be assessed through the evaluation of local susceptibility profiles, and antibiogram based on real MIC assay should be an essential element in local MRSA infection clinical management."	( Evaluation of vancomycin MIC creep in Staphylococcus aureus. Afreixo, V; Diaz, R; Gago, B; Ramalheira, E, 2017)	2.26
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat Gram-positive infections including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). "	( Assessment of Appropriateness of an Initial Dosing Regimen of Vancomycin and Development of a New Dosing Nomogram. Jang, IJ; Lee, S; Park, KR; Park, WB; Song, SH; Yoon, S; Yu, KS, 2018)	2.16
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is primarily cleared by renal elimination. "	( Evaluation of Intravenous Vancomycin Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Patients With Acute Brain Injury. Joseph, AC; Kurczewski, L; Oswalt, A; Sima, A, 2019)	2.26
"Vancomycin is a common antibiotic after burn injury and is administered alone (V), or in combination with imipenem-cilastin (V/IC) or piperacillin-tazobactam (V/PT)."	( Co-administration of vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam is associated with increased renal dysfunction in adult and pediatric burn patients. Branski, LK; Cambiaso-Daniel, J; Capek, KD; De Crescenzo, A; Finnerty, CC; Herndon, DN; Hundeshagen, G; Killion, EA; Kinsky, MP; Mlcak, RP; Norbury, WB; Sljivich, M; Voigt, CD, 2017)	1.5
"Vancomycin is a rare drug to cause DRESS syndrome with 23 cases reported to date."	( Case report: atypical presentation of vancomycin induced DRESS syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. Armstrong, J; Hassanein, M; Kassis, N; Wilcox, O, 2017)	1.45
"Vancomycin is a key antibiotic used in the treatment of multiple conditions including infections associated with cystic fibrosis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. "	( Prediction of Vancomycin Dose for Recommended Trough Concentrations in Pediatric Patients With Cystic Fibrosis. Amin, RW; Guttmann, RP; Harris, QR; Thomas, JW, 2018)	2.28
"Vancomycin is a standard treatment for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia, and its efficacy is closely linked to the recommended serum trough concentration of 15-20 mg/L. "	( The ratio of pre-dialysis vancomycin trough serum concentration to minimum inhibitory concentration is associated with treatment outcomes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Fu, CF; Huang, JD; Lin, SW; Wang, JT; Wu, CC, 2018)	2.22
"Vancomycin is a first-line antibiotic for empiric treatment of gram-positive infections in the trauma intensive care unit. "	( Evaluation of Continuous Infusion Vancomycin Administration in a Critically Ill Trauma Population. Bissell, BD; Morrison, C; Riggi, G, 2020)	2.28
"Vancomycin is a commonly used antimicrobial agent for patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). "	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation. Fukushima, K; Hamori, M; Hashimoto, H; Hiramoto, N; Irie, K; Kajioka, R; Kariya, M; Kasai, H; Maruyama, C; Nishimura, A; Okada, A; Okada, Y; Shibata, N; Sugioka, N, 2018)	2.21
"Vancomycin is a commonly prescribed empiric antibiotic used when methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is suspected. "	( Rate of positive cultures necessitating definitive treatment in patients receiving empiric vancomycin therapy. Caraccio, J; Waters, CD, 2018)	2.14
"Vancomycin (VCM) is a glycopeptidic broad-spectrum antibiotic against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, though it has some adverse effects, including nephrotoxicity, that limit its usefulness. "	( Therapeutic efficacy of zingerone against vancomycin-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and aquaporin 1 permeability in rat kidney. Caglayan, C; Dortbudak, MB; Kandemir, FM; Kucukler, S; Mahamadu, A; Yildirim, S, 2018)	2.19
"Vancomycin is a fundamental antibiotic in the management of severe Gram-positive infections. "	( Vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring and population pharmacokinetic models in special patient subpopulations. Fresco, P; Gonçalves, J; Hahn, SR; Monteiro, JF, 2018)	3.37
"Vancomycin is a first-line antibiotic used for the treatment of severe gram-positive bacterial infections. "	( A Prospective Multicenter Clinical Observational Study on Vancomycin Efficiency and Safety With Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Chang, C; Fan, Y; Fu, F; Hang, J; Huang, Q; Huang, W; Li, H; Liang, X; Lin, Q; Lu, G; Luo, X; Ren, H; Shen, B; Shen, L; Shi, Y; Song, X; Tao, J; Wang, R; Wen, X; Wu, J; Wu, S; Yang, M; Yu, J; Yuan, Q; Zhang, F; Zhang, H; Zhang, J; Zhang, Z, 2018)	2.17
"Vancomycin is a first-line drug for treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. "	( Vancomycin-induced severe thrombocytopenia in a young infant. Chen, QY; Chen, Y; Lin, M; Wan, J; Yang, JH, )	3.02
"Vancomycin is a key antibiotic to treat such infections but emergence of VRE in our region could be a real concern and, therefore, phenotypic and molecular surveillance must be considered."	( Emergence of High-level Gentamicin Resistance among Ekrami, A; Kaydani, GA; Labibzadeh, M; Savari, M, )	0.85
"Vancomycin is a key antibiotic to treat such infections but emergence of VRE in our region could be a real concern and, therefore, phenotypic and molecular surveillance must be considered."	( Emergence of High-level Gentamicin Resistance among Ekrami, A; Kaydani, GA; Labibzadeh, M; Savari, M, )	0.85
"Vancomycin (VCM) is an important antibiotic for treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. "	( Brain Microdialysis Study of Vancomycin in the Cerebrospinal Fluid After Intracerebroventricular Administration in Mice. Fuchigami, Y; Hagimori, M; Kawakami, S; Miura, Y; Nishimura, K; Nomura, S, 2018)	2.21
"Vancomycin (VCM) is a glycopeptide antibiotic, widely used against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections, and its clearance is highly correlated to creatinine (CRE) clearance. "	( Simultaneous determination of vancomycin and creatinine in plasma applied to volumetric absorptive microsampling devices using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Andriguetti, NB; Antunes, MV; Hahn, SR; Linden, R; Lisboa, LL; Pagnussat, LR, 2019)	2.25
"Vancomycin is a prevalent cause of the severe hypersensitivity syndrome drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), which leads to significant morbidity and mortality and commonly occurs in the setting of combination antibiotic therapy, affecting future treatment choices. "	( HLA-A*32:01 is strongly associated with vancomycin-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. Bejan, CA; Bourke, J; Chopra, A; James, I; Konvinse, KC; Mallal, SA; Martinez, P; Ostrov, DA; Pavlos, R; Phillips, EJ; Pilkinton, MA; Redwood, AJ; Rosenbach, M; Rwandamuriye, F; Schutte, RJ; Shaffer, CM; Trubiano, JA; Watson, M; White, KD; Williams, KB; Zwerner, JP, 2019)	2.22
"Vancomycin is a vital treatment option for patients suffering from critical infections, and therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended. "	( Towards precision dosing of vancomycin: a systematic evaluation of pharmacometric models for Bayesian forecasting. Broeker, A; Carland, JE; Day, RO; Derendorf, H; Klinker, KP; Marriott, DJ; Nardecchia, M; Stocker, SL; Wicha, SG, 2019)	2.25
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic widely used to treat infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. "	( Rutin attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Dai, C; Guo, H; Hao, Z; Qu, S; Tang, Q; Wang, C; Wang, H; Zhang, Y, 2019)	2.3
"Vancomycin (VAN) is an antibiotic used to treat serious infections. "	( Validation of a immunoassay for the determination of vancomycin in cerebospinal fluid. Duchein, S; González, II; Marks, L; Rivolta, S; Suárez, HA, 2019)	2.21
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic, widely used for the treatment of serious infections by Gram-positive microorganisms, especially MRSA."	( Describing vancomycin serum levels in pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) patients: are expected goals being met. Belucci, TR; Furtado, GHC; Malagutti, SR; Maloni, TM, 2019)	1.63
"Vancomycin is an FDA approved antibiotic and is growing importance in the treatment of hospital infections, with particular emphasis on its value to fight against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)."	( Novel quercetin glycosides as potent anti-MRSA and anti-VRE agents. Hossion, AM; Sasaki, K, 2013)	1.11
"Vancomycin is an important nosocomial antibiotic containing a glycosylated, cross-linked and doubly chlorinated heptapeptide backbone. "	( Bis-chlorination of a hexapeptide-PCP conjugate by the halogenase involved in vancomycin biosynthesis. Abou-Hadeed, K; Robinson, JA; Schmartz, PC; Zerbe, K, 2014)	2.07
"Vancomycin is a frequently used antibiotic for the treatment of methicillin-resistant gram-positive bacteria. "	( Pitfalls in dosing vancomycin. Bangash, F; Koppula, S; Ruben, S; Szerlip, HM, 2015)	2.19
"Vancomycin is a potent antibiotic."	( Potent antibacterial nanoparticles for pathogenic bacteria. Chen, WY; Chen, YC; Lai, HZ; Wu, CY, 2015)	1.14
"Vancomycin is a last-resort drug for treatment of serious S."	( Reversible antibiotic tolerance induced in Staphylococcus aureus by concurrent drug exposure. Cohen, SN; Friberg, C; Haaber, J; Ingmer, H; Lin, R; McCreary, M, 2015)	1.14
"Vancomycin is a renally excreted drug, and its body clearance correlates with creatinine clearance. "	( Influence of renal function estimation on pharmacokinetic modeling of vancomycin in elderly patients. Bourguignon, L; Glatard, A; Goutelle, S; Jelliffe, RW; Maire, P; Neely, MN, 2015)	2.09
"Vancomycin (VCM) is a tricyclic glycopeptide antibiotic produced by Streptococcus orientalis. "	( The use of vancomycin with its therapeutic and adverse effects: a review. Azzalis, LA; Bacci, MR; Bruniera, FR; Campos Junqueira, VB; da Luz Gonçalves Pedreira, M; Feder, D; Ferreira, FM; Fonseca, FL; Saviolli, LR; Sorgini Peterlini, MA, 2015)	2.25
"Vancomycin is a common treatment for complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSIs) caused by MRSA. "	( Vancomycin serum concentrations do not adequately predict tissue exposure in diabetic patients with mild to moderate limb infections. Hamada, Y; Kuti, JL; Nicolau, DP, 2015)	3.3
"Vancomycin is a preferred antibiotic for treating Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and has been associated with a rate of recurrence of CDI of as high as 20% in treated patients. "	( Berberine blocks the relapse of Clostridium difficile infection in C57BL/6 mice after standard vancomycin treatment. Liu, W; Lv, Z; Peng, G; Su, J; Xu, H, 2015)	2.08
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that needs to be dosed to achieve target trough levels of 15-20 mg/l. "	( Evaluation of a vancomycin dosing protocol for intensive care unit patients. Boerma, EC; Brinkman, I; Buter, H; Veeger, N; Verstappen, G, 2015)	2.21
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic widely used in the management of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). "	( Vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity: A meta-analysis of administration by continuous versus intermittent infusion. Hanrahan, T; Lipman, J; Roberts, JA; Whitehouse, T, 2015)	3.3
"Vancomycin is an important glycopeptide antibiotic which is used to treat serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. "	( Identification of vancomycin interaction with Enterococcus faecalis within 30 min of interaction time using Raman spectroscopy. Assmann, C; Beleites, C; Hey, J; Kirchhoff, J; Kostudis, S; Neugebauer, U; Pfister, W; Popp, J; Schlattmann, P, 2015)	2.19
"Vancomycin is an antibiotic used for infections by gram-positive bacteria with a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model. "	( [Vancomycin intoxication in a patient with inappropriate antidiuretic hormone syndrome and diarrhea]. Arrabal-Durán, P; Hidalgo-Collazos, P; López González-Cobos, C; Sanjurjo-Sáez, M, 2015)	2.77
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic commonly used in the management of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. "	( Factors associated with vancomycin nephrotoxicity in the critically ill. Hanrahan, TP; Kotapati, C; Lipman, J; Roberts, JA; Roberts, MJ; Rowland, J; Udy, A, 2015)	2.17
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used in the therapy of severe bacterial infection. "	( Modern methods for vancomycin determination in biological fluids by methods based on high-performance liquid chromatography--A review. Javorska, L; Kaska, M; Krcmova, LK; Solich, P; Solichova, D, 2016)	2.21
"Vancomycin is an antibiotic that can be challenging from a therapeutic and monitoring standpoint. "	( What are the current guidelines and rationale for vancomycin monitoring? Carey, L, 2015)	2.11
"Vancomycin (VCM) is a first-line antibacterial drug used to treat post-craniotomy meningitis (PCM). "	( Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in adult Chinese patients with post-craniotomy meningitis and its application in individualised dosage regimens. Huang, PF; Jiang, CZ; Jiao, Z; Lin, RF; Lin, WW; Liu, YW; Wang, CL; Wu, W, 2016)	2.16
"Vancomycin is a common treatment option for skin and skin structure infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). "	( Vancomycin Tissue Pharmacokinetics in Patients with Lower-Limb Infections via In Vivo Microdialysis. Bhalodi, AA; Housman, ST; Nicolau, DP; Nugent, J; Shepard, A, 2015)	3.3
"Vancomycin is a very effective antibiotic for treatment of severe infections. "	( Protective Effects of Cilastatin against Vancomycin-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Álvarez-Sala, LA; Camaño, S; Cercenado, E; Humanes, B; Jado, JC; Lázaro, A; López-Parra, V; Tejedor, A; Torres, AM, 2015)	2.13
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that exhibits bactericidal activity against gram-positive cocci. "	( Acute Onset of Vancomycin Anaphylaxis With Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in an Orthopedic Patient Despite Prior Repeated Exposure. Adams, B; Henshaw, R; Roboubi, B, 2015)	2.21
"Vancomycin is a front-line antibiotic used for the treatment of nosocomial infections, particularly those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. "	( The frontline antibiotic vancomycin induces a zinc starvation response in bacteria by binding to Zn(II). Hesketh, AR; Hong, HJ; Macklyne, HR; Truman, AW; Zarkan, A, 2016)	2.18
"Vancomycin is a first-line agent in the treatment of serious Gram-positive infections in the neonatal population. "	( Vancomycin toxicity in neonates: a review of the evidence. Heath, PT; Hill, LF; Lestner, JM; Sharland, M, 2016)	3.32
"Vancomycin is an interesting candidate because of its use in the field of implant associated infection as it is a glycopeptide which acts on bacterial walls."	( Vancomycin Functionalized Nanoparticles for Bactericidal Biomaterial Surfaces. Carrié, H; Durrieu, MC; Héroguez, V; Nguyen, MN; Pichavant, L; Plawinski, L, 2016)	2.6
"Vancomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic whose use may be limited by adverse drug reactions (ADRs). "	( Immune-mediated reactions to vancomycin: A systematic case review and analysis. Banerji, A; Blumenthal, KG; Long, AA; Minhas, JS; Wickner, PG, 2016)	2.17
"Vancomycin (VCM) is an antibiotic, known medically as the deadline for defending against bacteria. "	( Occurrence, fate, and risk assessment of vancomycin in two typical pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants in Eastern China. Chen, X; Guo, X; Qiu, P; Wang, N; Zhang, Y, 2016)	2.14
"Vancomycin is a widely prescribed antibiotic, but the exact nature of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity is unclear, in particular when considering the frequent coadministration of aminoglycosides. "	( Vancomycin-Associated Cast Nephropathy. Bazin, D; Boueilh, A; Burbach, M; Daudon, M; Esteve, E; Frère, P; Frochot, V; Gosset, C; Jouanneau, C; Langui, D; Letavernier, E; Louis, K; Luque, Y; Mesnard, L; Placier, S; Rondeau, E; Vandermeersch, S; Verpont, MC; Wolfromm, A, 2017)	3.34
"Vancomycin (VCM) is a first-line antibiotic for serious infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. "	( Vancomycin induces reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis via mitochondrial cardiolipin peroxidation in renal tubular epithelial cells. Hanada, Y; Inagaki, F; Koyanagi, S; Masuda, S; Matsunaga, N; Ohdo, S; Sakamoto, Y; Takeshita, A; Yano, T, 2017)	3.34
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptidic antibiotic used to treat infections caused by Staph."	( [Thrombocytopenia in a patient on peritoneal dialysis]. Carrasco, AM; García, RR; Juan, IG; Pascual, BO; Ramos, VB; Solis, MA; Torregrosa, IM, 2008)	1.07
"Vancomycin is a commonly used antibiotic due to its effectiveness in treating serious gram-positive infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. "	( Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin in adults summary of consensus recommendations from the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists. Billeter, M; Craig, WA; Dalovisio, JR; Levine, DP; Lomaestro, BM; Moellering, RC; Rotschafer, JC; Rybak, MJ, 2009)	2.1
"Vancomycin is a commonly used antimicrobial in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. "	( Use of vancomycin pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic properties in the treatment of MRSA infections. Giulano, C; Giuliano, C; Haase, KK; Hall, R, 2010)	2.26
"Vancomycin (VCM) is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is generally used to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). "	( [Correlation of pharmacokinetic parameters with serum vancomycin concentration in elderly patients with malignancies]. Sadoh, S; Tsuji, Y; Tsukamoto, K, 2010)	2.05
"Vancomycin is a key tool in the treatment of serious Gram-positive infections. "	( Recent changes in vancomycin use in renal failure. De Vriese, AS; Vandecasteele, SJ, 2010)	2.14
"Vancomycin (VAN) is a glycopeptide antibiotic which is active against gram positive bacteria including methicillin resistant Staphylococci. "	( Protective role of curcumin in nephrotoxic oxidative damage induced by vancomycin in rats. Ahmida, MH, 2012)	2.05
"Vancomycin enemas are an effective therapy for patients with severe pseudomembranous colitis unable to tolerate oral medications because of ileus."	( [A case of pseudomembranous colitis with febrile neutropenia induced by chemotherapy and effectively treated by vancomycin enemas]. Hasuo, K; Hayashi, S; Hayashi, T; Jin, Y; Masuda, M; Rino, Y; Sawazaki, S; Suzuki, H; Tsuchida, K, 2010)	1.29
"Vancomycin is a a glycopeptide antibiotic with bacetiocidal effects on gram positive bacteria by interfering with cell wall synthesis. "	( Monitoring of serum vancomycin concentrations in pediatric patients with normal renal function. Ashtiani, H; Izadyar, M; Jam, S; Khotaei, GT; Motamed, F; Nejat, F; SeyedAlinaghi, S; Taghi, M, )	1.9
"Vancomycin is a commonly used antibiotic for severe Gram-positive bacterial infections, especially for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci infections. "	( Toxic epidermal necrolyis after vancomycin use: a case report and discussion of management. Changela, A; Changela, K; Elnawawi, A; Javaiya, H; Rickenback, K, )	1.86
"Vancomycin is an established cause of drug-induced immune thrombocytopenias, especially in acutely ill, hospitalized or elderly patients, whereas incidents of piperacillin/tazobactam-induced immune thrombocytopenia are uncommon."	( Piperacillin and vancomycin induced severe thrombocytopenia in a hospitalized patient. Anand, A; Chauhan, HK, 2011)	1.43
"Vancomycin is an antibiotic for exclusive hospital use administrated in intravenous infusion to treat systemic infections. "	( [Level of evidence for therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin]. Benlmouden, A; Billaud, EM; Jelassi, ML; Lefeuvre, S; Mainardi, JL, )	1.82
"Vancomycin is a key antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections in patients undergoing dialysis. "	( Implementation of a dose calculator for vancomycin to achieve target trough levels of 15-20 microg/mL in persons undergoing hemodialysis. De Bacquer, D; De Vriese, AS; Vandecasteele, SJ, 2011)	2.08
"Vancomycin is a potent glycopeptide antibiotic that has evolved to specifically bind to the D-Ala-D-Ala dipeptide termini of nascent peptidoglycans. "	( Unraveling the protein targets of vancomycin in living S. aureus and E. faecalis cells. Eirich, J; Orth, R; Sieber, SA, 2011)	2.09
"Vancomycin is a key antibiotic in the management of severe Gram-positive infections. "	( Vancomycin nephrotoxicity: myths and facts. Biyani, M; Gupta, A; Khaira, A, 2011)	3.25
"Vancomycin is a popular antimicrobial used to treat a variety of Gram-positive infections. "	( Severe tremor due to vancomycin therapy: a case report and literature review. Benoit, L; Gray, MH; Sligl, WI, 2012)	2.14
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used in the treatment of gram-positive infections including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). "	( Vancomycin-induced thrombocytopenia without isolation of a drug-dependent antibody. Abdelghany, O; Ruggero, MA; Topal, JE, 2012)	3.26
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive resistant bacteria. "	( An unusual case of vancomycin-related systemic reaction accompanied with severe thrombocytopenia mimicking pacemaker-related infective endocarditis: a case report and review of literature. Aribuca, A; Candemir, B; Gerede, M; Kaya, CT; Koca, C; Ozcan, OU, 2013)	2.16
"Vancomycin is a reliable and safe antibiotic in the treatment of Gram positive infections."	( [Efficacy and nephrotoxicity of vancomycin in the treatment of Gram positive infections]. Chen, DC; Du, B; Liu, DW, 2003)	2.05
"Vancomycin is a naturally occurring secondary metabolite that can be produced by bacterial fermentation."	( The position of a key tyrosine in dTDP-4-Keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose-5-epimerase (EvaD) alters the substrate profile for this RmlC-like enzyme. Burkart, MD; Errey, JC; Field, RA; Major, LL; Merkel, AB; Naismith, JH; Walsh, CT, 2004)	1.04
"Vancomycin (VAN) is a glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat gram-positive infections. "	( Proliferative responses observed following vancomycin treatment in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. King, DW; Smith, MA, 2004)	2.03
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic approved for the treatment of serious infections or patients allergic to beta-lactams. "	( Successful management of discovered pH dependence in vancomycin recovery studies: novel HPLC method for microdialysis and plasma samples. Buerger, C; Kloft, C; Plock, N, 2005)	2.02
"Vancomycin is a concentration-independent antibiotic (also referred to as a "time-dependent" antibiotic), and there are factors that affect its clinical activity, including variable tissue distribution, inoculum size, and emerging resistance."	( The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of vancomycin. Rybak, MJ, 2006)	1.3
"Oral vancomycin is an option for patients who cannot take or fail treatment with oral metronidazole."	( Past, present, and future therapies for Clostridium difficile-associated disease. Cicogna, CE; Kuyumjian, AG; Surowiec, D; Wynd, MA, 2006)	0.79
"Vancomycin (VCN) is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is effective in the treatment of gram-positive bacterial infections, but mainly reserved for methicilin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. "	( In vitro antimicrobial effect of encapsulated vancomycin on internalized Staphylococcus aureus within endothelial cells. D'Souza, M; Haswani, D; Nettey, H; Oettinger, C, 2007)	2.04
"Vancomycin is a frequently used antibiotic in patients with Gram-positive bacterial infections."	( Vancomycin-induced acute granulomatous interstitial nephritis: therapeutic options. Esposito, M; Hong, S; Mattana, J; Shah, HH; Singhal, PC; Valderrama, E; Wagner, JD, 2007)	2.5
"Vancomycin is a potent antibiotic against methicillin-resistant S."	( Less-invasive and highly effective method for preventing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus graft infection by local sustained release of vancomycin. Arai, Y; Bir, SC; Esaki, J; Hirose, K; Huang, Y; Ikeda, T; Komeda, M; Marui, A; Nomura, T; Sakaguchi, H; Tabata, Y, 2008)	1.27
"Vancomycin is an ideal drug for prophylaxis in prosthetic implant surgery because of its long serum half-life and activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staph."	( Clinical usefulness of vancomycin. Cunha, BA; Ristuccia, AM, )	1.16
"The vancomycin assay is a homogeneous competitive inhibition immunoassay based on changes in fluorescence polarization that occur with antibody binding."	( Evaluation of an automated fluorescence polarization immunoassay for vancomycin. Dick, JD; Filburn, BH; Shull, VH; Tempera, YM, 1983)	0.98
"Vancomycin is a unique glycopeptide structurally unrelated to any currently available antibiotic. "	( Mode of action and in-vitro activity of vancomycin. Watanakunakorn, C, 1984)	1.98
"Vancomycin is a narrow-spectrum bactericidal antistaphylococcal antibiotic that was introduced in 1956 because of its efficacy against resistant penicillinase-producing staphylococci. "	( Vancomycin. Geraci, JE; Hermans, PE, 1983)	3.15
"Vancomycin is thought to be an acceptable alternative prophylactic antibiotic to the cephalosporins in penicillin allergic patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. "	( Vancomycin prophylaxis in cardiac operations: determination of an optimal dosage regimen. Buckley, MJ; Farber, BF; Karchmer, AW; Moellering, RC, 1983)	3.15
"Vancomycin is an effective alternative to penicillin in reducing the growth of contaminants in viral isolation specimens."	( Comparison of vancomycin and penicillin for viral isolation. Blahy, OM; Campos, JM; Forrer, CB; Friedman, HM; Maiatico, AL, 1982)	1.35
"Oral vancomycin is an effective treatment of C."	( Treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis and diarrhea with vancomycin. Baird, I; Batts, DH; Fekety, R; Plouffe, JF; Rifkin, GD; Silva, J, 1981)	0.96
"Vancomycin is an effective and safe agent for treatment of staphylococcal infections in pediatric patients."	( Pharmacology and efficacy of vancomycin for staphylococcal infections in children. McCracken, GH; Nelson, JD; Schaad, UB, )	1.14
"Vancomycin is a safe, effective antibiotic for a variety of serious gram-positive infections. "	( Vancomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and rifampin. Lundstrom, TS; Sobel, JD, 1995)	3.18
"Vancomycin is a nontoxic glycopeptide antibiotic most often used to treat serious gram-positive infections, C. "	( Vancomycin. Cunha, BA, 1995)	3.18
"Vancomycin acts as a time-dependent antibiotic."	( [Continuous infusion of vancomycin during the neonatal period]. Borderon, JC; Chamboux, C; Laugier, J; Mathieu, A; Saliba, E, 1994)	1.32
"Vancomycin is a naturally occurring chiral compound and has a number of stereogenic centers."	( Evaluation of the macrocyclic antibiotic vancomycin as a chiral selector for capillary electrophoresis. Armstrong, DW; Chen, JR; Rundlett, KL, 1994)	1.28
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic with broad application in the therapy of gram-positive infections."	( Column-switching high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of vancomycin in serum. Bannwarth, B; Demotes-Mainard, F; Labat, L; Vinçon, G, 1994)	1.24
"Vancomycin is an appropriate single agent if laboratory studies rule out gram-negative infection. "	( Empiric treatment of endophthalmitis. Are aminoglycosides necessary? DeVaro, JM; Donahue, SP; Eller, AW; Jewart, BH; Kowalski, RP, 1994)	1.73
"Vancomycin is an antibiotic which is especially active against Gram positive bacteria. "	( Levels of vancomycin in aqueous humor after topical eye drops administration. Cristóbal, JA; del Buey, MA; Huerva, V; Lanuza, J; Mínguez, E; Palomar, A; Sinués, B, 1993)	2.13
"Vancomycin appears to be an outstanding antistaphylococcal drug because resistance to it is nearly absent."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antistaphylococcal antibiotics in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Keller, E, 1993)	1.01
"Vancomycin was found to be an effective selective drug for use in the Kirchner's liquid medium for culture of tubercle bacilli."	( Vancomycin for controlling contamination of selective Kirchner's liquid medium in the culture of gastric lavage for tubercle bacilli. Datta, M; Mathew, S; Paramasivan, CN; Prabhakar, R, 1995)	2.46
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that blocks cell wall synthesis by the formation of a complex with the extremity of peptidoglycan precursors."	( Knockout of the two ldh genes has a major impact on peptidoglycan precursor synthesis in Lactobacillus plantarum. Allen, NE; Bernard, N; Delcour, J; Ferain, T; Garmyn, D; Hobbs, JN; Hols, P; Richardson, J, 1996)	1.02
"Vancomycin is a bacteriocidal antibiotic widely used to treat gram-positive infections, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. "	( Medicare reimbursement for home infusion therapy: a contributor to the development of community acquired vancomycin-resistant enterococci? Herbert, JR, )	1.79
"Vancomycin is an important drug for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections. "	( Vancomycin derivatives that inhibit peptidoglycan biosynthesis without binding D-Ala-D-Ala. Chen, Z; Fukuzawa, S; Ge, M; Kahne, D; Kerns, R; Kohler, J; Onishi, HR; Silver, LL; Thompson, C, 1999)	3.19
"Vancomycin is a safe, effective antibiotic for a variety of serious gram-positive infections. "	( Antibiotics for gram-positive bacterial infections. Vancomycin, teicoplanin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and linezolid. Lundstrom, TS; Sobel, JD, 2000)	2
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic commonly used in the treatment of gram-positive bacterial infections. "	( Vancomycin peak serum concentration monitoring. Briceland, LL; Moore, GE; Tam, VH; Triller, DM, )	3.02
"Vancomycin anaphylaxis is a major management problem in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) sepsis. "	( Vancomycin anaphylaxis and successful desensitization in a patient with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis by maintaining steady antibiotic levels. Chopra, N; Derimanov, GS; Fine, PL; Oppenheimer, J, 2000)	3.19
"Vancomycin is a powerful glycopeptide antibiotic that is increasingly being used owing to the emergence of highly resistant organisms such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. "	( Vancomycin anaphylaxis in a patient with vancomycin-induced red man syndrome. Hassaballa, H; Mallick, N; Orlowski, J, 2000)	3.19
"Vancomycin appears to be an effective alternative to penicillin in individuals with endocarditis due to susceptible organisms."	( Treatment of bacterial endocarditis with vancomycin. Coddington, CC; Cook, FV; Farrar, WE; Wadland, WC, )	1.12
"Vancomycin is an effective nontoxic antibiotic in patients with endocarditis when penicillin or cephalosporin therapy is not appropriate."	( Vancomycin therapy of bacterial endocarditis. Hook, EW; Johnson, WD, 1978)	2.42
"Vancomycin is a useful antimicrobial agent in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis treatment; its efficacy in chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD) has not been established. "	( Peritoneal clearance and total body elimination of vancomycin during chronic intermittent peritoneal dialysis. Ayus, JC; Becker, CE; Benowitz, NL; Eneas, JF; Hadley, KL; Humphreys, MH; Schoenfeld, PY; Tong, TG, 1979)	1.95
"Vancomycin is a commonly used antibiotic in neurosurgical practice. "	( Vancomycin: its effect on intracranial pressure. Gaskill, SJ; Marlin, AE, 1992)	3.17
"Vancomycin is a potential causative agent of Stevens-Johnson syndrome."	( Stevens-Johnson-type reaction with vancomycin treatment. Horan, RF; Laurencin, CT; Lipson, SJ; Senatus, PB; Wheeler, CB, 1992)	2
"Vancomycin is a narrow-spectrum glycopeptide antibiotic which is primarily active against Gram-positive organisms. "	( [Vancomycin in 1991: current status and perspectives]. Bingen, E; Casetta, A; Lambert-Zechovsky, N, 1991)	2.63
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is active against staphylococci, streptococci, and other gram-positive bacteria. "	( Vancomycin. Wilhelm, MP, 1991)	3.17
"Vancomycin hydrochloride is a polycationic antibiotic that we have previously reported to cause spontaneous aggregation of red blood cells (RBCs) in vitro at concentrations of more than 3.0 mg/mL, and false-positive direct antiglobulin tests at concentrations of 2.0 and 2.5 mg/mL. "	( Zeta potential and vancomycin-red blood cell interactions. Domen, RE; Williams, L, 1990)	2.05
"Vancomycin is a recommended alternative prophylactic antibiotic for penicillin-allergic patients with prosthetic mitral valves. "	( "Red man syndrome" with vancomycin: report of case. Pearson, DA, 1989)	2.03
"Vancomycin is an important antibiotic agent that is being used with increasing frequency in the NICU. "	( Vancomycin: current perspectives and guidelines for use in the NICU. Fogarty, KA; McClain, WJ, 1989)	3.16
"Vancomycin is an important antibiotic for the treatment of severe Gram-positive infection, especially in cases with resistant organisms or when the patient is allergic to penicillin. "	( Vancomycin. Pallett, AP; Smyth, EG, 1988)	3.16
"Vancomycin is a nondialyzable antibiotic frequently used by patients on hemodialysis. "	( An improved method of vancomycin administration to dialysis patients. Edell, LS; Gould, SR; Westby, GR, 1988)	2.03
"Vancomycin is a narrow-spectrum glycopeptide antibiotic with potent antistaphylococcal activity. "	( Vancomycin: an update. Cheung, RP; DiPiro, JT, )	3.02
"Vancomycin is a narrow-spectrum antibiotic that has concentration-dependent efficacy and toxicity. "	( Effect of orally administered activated charcoal on vancomycin clearance. Davis, RL; Koup, JR; Roon, RA; Smith, AL, 1987)	1.97
"Vancomycin is a narrow-spectrum bactericidal antibiotic used primarily for treatment of serious staphylococcal infections. "	( Vancomycin. Hermans, PE; Wilhelm, MP, 1987)	3.16
"Vancomycin is an effective and widely used antistaphylococcal antibiotic. "	( Monitoring vancomycin therapy. Boike, SC; Rybak, MJ, 1986)	2.1
"Vancomycin is a safe and effective agent for the prevention of PTFE graft infections in pediatric patients receiving chronic hemodialysis."	( Vancomycin prevents polytetrafluoroethylene graft infections in pediatric patients receiving chronic hemodialysis. Bock, GH; Fivush, BA; Guzzetta, PC; Ruley, EJ; Salcedo, JR, 1985)	2.43

Effects

Vancomycin (VCM) has a bacteriostatic effect on gram-positive bacteria such as the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It has a narrow therapeutic window and variable pharmacokinetic properties, which require timely monitoring of plasma concentration.

Vancomycin (VAN) has a narrow therapeutic window and variable pharmacokinetic properties, which require timely monitoring of plasma concentration to adjust the dosage for better effectiveness. VanComycin has been widely used in the last six decades to treat methicillin-resistant S. difficile-associated disease.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Vancomycin (VAN) has a narrow therapeutic window and variable pharmacokinetic properties, which require timely monitoring of plasma concentration to adjust the dosage for better effectiveness. "	( Fluorescent immunochromatography of vancomycin in plasma: A rapid and sensitive quantitative analysis. Deng, K; Gu, H; He, Y; Jin, Y; Li, Z; Lin, N; Shen, M; Yuan, Y, 2023)	2.63
"Vancomycin has a narrow therapeutic window, and an increase in its serum concentration-to-dose ratio during treatment can cause renal toxicity. "	( Initial Serum C-reactive Protein Level as a Predictor of Increasing Serum Vancomycin Concentration During Treatment. Fujita, A; Isoda, K; Nakade, J; Sai, Y; Shimada, T; Suga, Y, 2021)	2.29
"Vancomycin, which has a strong antibacterial effect to Gram-positive bacteria, was adopted as one molecular recognition agent for bacterial detection. "	( Dual-recognition detection of Staphylococcus aureus using vancomycin-functionalized magnetic beads as concentration carriers. Fu, Z; Gao, H; Kong, W; Ouyang, H; Shu, Q; Su, X; Wang, M; Yang, S, 2016)	2.12
"Vancomycin has an important role in the treatment of CDIs, but does not prevent recurrence."	( Clostridium difficile infections: emerging epidemiology and new treatments. Cohen, MB, 2009)	1.07
"Vancomycin has a narrow therapeutic range."	( Implementation of a dose calculator for vancomycin to achieve target trough levels of 15-20 microg/mL in persons undergoing hemodialysis. De Bacquer, D; De Vriese, AS; Vandecasteele, SJ, 2011)	1.36
"Vancomycin has a shorter half-life than teicoplanin and requires multiple dosing to maintain adequate serum levels."	( Teicoplanin or vancomycin in the treatment of gram-positive infections? Murphy, S; Pinney, RJ, 1995)	1.37
"Vancomycin resistance has a negative impact on survival in patients with E faecium bacteremia and leads to higher health care costs."	( Enterococcus faecium bacteremia: does vancomycin resistance make a difference? Noskin, GA; Peterson, LR; Postelnick, M; Stosor, V, 1998)	1.29
"Vancomycin (VCM) has a bacteriostatic effect on gram-positive bacteria such as the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus."	( Determination of vancomycin in human serum by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with direct sample injection. Furuta, I; Kitahashi, T, 2001)	2.09
"Vancomycin has a shorter elimination half-life and lower protein binding than teicoplanin."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of glycopeptide antibiotics, and the influence of teicoplanin on granulocyte function. Boeckh, M; Borner, K; Gaffal, H; Höffken, G; Koeppe, P; Kühn, M; Lode, H, 1990)	1
"Vancomycin use has been suggested in high risk patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). "	( Higher Tissue Concentrations of Vancomycin Achieved With Low-Dose Intraosseous Injection Versus Intravenous Despite Limited Tourniquet Duration in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Trial. Clarke, HD; Moore, GA; Probst, NE; Spangehl, MJ; Young, SW; Zhang, M, 2022)	2.45
"Vancomycin (VCM) has long been used clinically to fight against Gram-positive bacterial infections. "	( Vancomycin Induced Ferroptosis in Renal Injury Through the Inactivation of Recombinant Glutathione Peroxidase 4 and the Accumulation of Peroxides. Kang, Y; Li, H; Li, Z; Yang, Q; Yin, X, 2023)	3.8
"Vancomycin (VAN) has a narrow therapeutic window and variable pharmacokinetic properties, which require timely monitoring of plasma concentration to adjust the dosage for better effectiveness. "	( Fluorescent immunochromatography of vancomycin in plasma: A rapid and sensitive quantitative analysis. Deng, K; Gu, H; He, Y; Jin, Y; Li, Z; Lin, N; Shen, M; Yuan, Y, 2023)	2.63
"Vancomycin has been widely used in the last six decades to treat methicillin-resistant S. "	( The influence of vancomycin on renal functions, the predictors and associated factors for nephrotoxicity. Alduhami, AA; ALharbi, A; Altowayan, WM; Mobark, MA; Rabbani, SI, 2023)	2.69
"Oral vancomycin use has generally increased as a consequence of the need to treat and/or prevent Clostridium (Clostridiodes) difficile-associated disease (CDAD). "	( Does oral vancomycin use necessitate therapeutic drug monitoring? Cimolai, N, 2020)	1.47
"Vancomycin powder (VP) has been used to prevent periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). "	( No effect of vancomycin powder to prevent infection in primary total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective review of 976 cases. Ceyhan, E; Gurhan, U; Inci, F; Oken, OF; Yavuz, IA; Yildirim, AO, 2020)	2.37
"Vancomycin has been the first-line therapy for MRSA infection disease for many years. "	( High sensitivity versus low level of vancomycin needs to be concern for another alternative anti- Staphylococcus aureus as the first- line antibiotic. Alijanzadeh, MH; Barari, B; Emami, H; Gachkar, L; Mousavizadeh, A; Talaie, H, 2019)	2.23
"Vancomycin has been the most effective antibitic to treat MRSA originated infections."	( Study on the virulome and resistome of a vancomycin intermediate-resistance Staphylococcus aureus. Chen, J; Chen, L; Chen, Y; Fu, J; Huang, TY; Liang, Y; Liu, J; Mao, Y; Peng, R; Shi, F; Wang, K; Ye, C, 2020)	1.55
"Vancomycin has been used in clinical practice for over 50 years; however, validated, pharmacokinetic (PK) data relating clinical outcomes to different dosing regimens in neonates are lacking. "	( An optimised dosing regimen versus a standard dosing regimen of vancomycin for the treatment of late onset sepsis due to Gram-positive microorganisms in neonates and infants aged less than 90 days (NeoVanc): study protocol for a randomised controlled tria Hardy, P; Heath, PT; Hill, LF; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Linsell, L; Lutsar, I; Roilides, E; Sharland, M; Turner, MA, 2020)	2.24
"Vancomycin DRESS has been associated with HLA-A32:-01, with a number needed to prevent of 1 in 74."	( Adverse reactions to vancomycin and cross-reactivity with other antibiotics. De Luca, JF; Holmes, NE; Trubiano, JA, 2020)	1.6
"Vancomycin has been in clinical use for nearly 50 years and remains the first-line treatment option for Gram-positive infections, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). "	( Ferreira, A; Lapa, R; Martins, H; Oliveira, JC; Vale, N, 2021)	2.06
"Norvancomycin has been widely used in clinic to treat against MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and MRSE (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis) infections in China. "	( Comparative genomics and transcriptomics analyses provide insights into the high yield and regulatory mechanism of Norvancomycin biosynthesis in Amycolatopsis orientalis NCPC 2-48. Hong, B; Jiang, Z; Lei, X; Li, X; Si, S; Wang, L; Zhang, C; Zhang, X; Zhao, Y; Zheng, Z, 2021)	1.45
"Vancomycin has a narrow therapeutic window, and an increase in its serum concentration-to-dose ratio during treatment can cause renal toxicity. "	( Initial Serum C-reactive Protein Level as a Predictor of Increasing Serum Vancomycin Concentration During Treatment. Fujita, A; Isoda, K; Nakade, J; Sai, Y; Shimada, T; Suga, Y, 2021)	2.29
"Vancomycin has been a first-line treatment for Gram-positive infections for decades. "	( Pediatric Antibiotic Stewardship: Optimization of Vancomycin Therapy Based on Individual Pharmacokinetics. Huebner, J; Kreitmeyr, K; Mikolajczyk, R; Pecar, A; von Both, U, 2021)	2.32
"Vancomycin has historically been used as a last-resort treatment for serious bacterial infections. "	( Structures of full-length VanR from Streptomyces coelicolor in both the inactive and activated states. Gupta, K; Lee, PJ; Loll, PJ; Maciunas, LJ; Porter, N, 2021)	2.06
"Vancomycin has been associated with acute kidney injury in preclinical and clinical settings; however, the precise exposure profiles associated with vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury have not been defined. "	( 24-Hour Pharmacokinetic Relationships for Vancomycin and Novel Urinary Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury. Briyal, S; Cluff, C; Day, JZ; Gulati, A; Joshi, MD; Lamar, PC; Lodise, TP; Miglis, CM; O'Donnell, JN; Pais, G; Prozialeck, WC; Rhodes, NJ; Scheetz, MH; Venkatesan, N, 2017)	2.16
"Vancomycin has been the most reliable therapeutic agent against infections caused by methicillin-resistant S."	( Occurrence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the oral cavity of patients with dental caries. Al Kheraif, AA; Alqahtani, A; Anil, S; Dalati, MHN; Divakar, DD; Harikrishna Varma, PR; Khan, AA; Ramakrishnaiah, R; Vellappally, S, 2017)	1.54
"Vancomycin powder has also shown to be effective in preventing infection in spine surgery."	( Vancomycin Povidone-Iodine Protocol Improves Survivorship of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Treated With Irrigation and Debridement. Herrero, CP; Iorio, R; Park, BK; Riesgo, AM; Schwarzkopf, R; Yu, S, 2018)	2.64
"Vancomycin has been the mainstay of SSIs treatment, but recently its use has been questioned because of concerns about its efficacy, tolerability, and unfavorable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile."	( Is there still a role for vancomycin in skin and soft-tissue infections? Azzini, AM; Baur, D; Savoldi, A; Tacconelli, E, 2018)	1.5
"Vancomycin powder has been demonstrated to be safe in children, and yet there are no data on its use to reduce surgical site infections (SSIs) in surgery for early-onset scoliosis."	( Does Vancomycin Powder Decrease Surgical Site Infections in Growing Spine Surgery?: A Preliminary Study. Hardesty, CK; Mistovich, RJ; Poe-Kochert, C; Son-Hing, J; Thompson, GH, 2018)	2.44
"Vancomycin has large inter- and intraindividual pharmacokinetic variability, which is mainly described by renal function; various studies have indicated that vancomycin pharmacokinetics are altered in special populations."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation. Fukushima, K; Hamori, M; Hashimoto, H; Hiramoto, N; Irie, K; Kajioka, R; Kariya, M; Kasai, H; Maruyama, C; Nishimura, A; Okada, A; Okada, Y; Shibata, N; Sugioka, N, 2018)	1.49
"JPKD-vancomycin software has good predictive value for the vancomycin trough concentration of ARC patients, especially for the trough concentration after adjusting the treatment regimen. "	( [Clinical verification of vancomycin population pharmacokinetics in patients with augmented renal clearance]. Fang, J; Lu, H; Shang, E; Tang, L; Xue, S; Zhao, F; Zhuang, Z, 2018)	1.29
"Vancomycin has been the common antimicrobial treatment for Gram-positive infection even in neonates and infants, while it is difficult to adjust blood concentration. "	( Comparative study on safety of linezolid and vancomycin in the treatment of infants and neonates for Gram-positive bacterial infections. Asai, N; Hagihara, M; Kato, H; Koizumi, Y; Matsuura, K; Mikamo, H; Nishiyama, N; Shibata, Y; Suematsu, H; Yamagishi, Y, 2018)	2.18
"Vancomycin, however, has been overprescribed, has nephrotoxicity risk, and may be less effective due to its inferior coverage of methicillin-susceptible S."	( Preoperative antibiotics and cardiovascular implantable electronic device infection: A cohort study in veterans. Alzahrani, T; Baddour, LM; Karasik, PE; Liappis, AP, 2018)	1.2
"Vancomycin has been safely and effectively used in our department for more than two decades."	( Intracameral antibiotics for prophylaxis of postoperative endophthalmitis in Australia: a review. Barrett, G; Lipsky, L, 2019)	1.24
"Vancomycin (VCM) has been reported to elicit adverse cutaneous drug reactions. "	( Purpuric drug eruption without leukocytoclastic vasculitis associated with vancomycin. Asano, N; Hasegawa, S; Hoshii, Y; Nakamura, T; Okazaki, F; Wakiguchi, H, 2020)	2.23
"Vancomycin has been used in patients with sepsis infected by MRSA and shows large interindividual variability in its dosing. "	( Systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria and vancomycin dose requirement in patients with sepsis. Fukuda, T; Komori, K; Sadamitsu, D; Shimamoto, Y; Tanaka, K, 2013)	2.08
"Vancomycin has been in clinical use for over 60 years, but it is still not clear what dose should be given to children. "	( Vancomycin dosing in children: what is the question? Cole, TS; Riordan, A, 2013)	3.28
"Vancomycin has been a key antibiotic agent for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. "	( Impact of reduced vancomycin MIC on clinical outcomes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Ihm, CG; Kim, MN; Lee, HJ; Lee, MS; Oh, IH; Park, SY; Son, JS, 2013)	2.17
"Vancomycin has not been previously reported as a causal agent."	( Photo recall reaction following the use of vancomycin. Aires, D; Jibbe, A; Liu, D; Tefft, K; Weir, G, 2013)	1.37
"Vancomycin has been the medication of last resort to cure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus since the increase in the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). "	( Modulation of cell wall synthesis and susceptibility to vancomycin by the two-component system AirSR in Staphylococcus aureus NCTC8325. Sun, B; Sun, H; Xue, T; Yang, Y, 2013)	2.08
"Vancomycin has remained a standard of care in many European hospitals; however, there is evidence that it may be a suboptimal therapeutic option in critically ill patients with NP because of concerns about its limited intrapulmonary penetration, increased nephrotoxicity with higher doses, as well as the emergence of resistant strains that may result in increased clinical failure."	( European perspective and update on the management of nosocomial pneumonia due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after more than 10 years of experience with linezolid. Blasi, F; Chastre, J; Masterton, RG; Rello, J; Torres, A; Welte, T, 2014)	1.12
"Vancomycin has been the antibiotic of choice in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections for decades. "	( Vancomycin: the tale of the vanquisher and the pyrrhic victory. De Vriese, AS; Vandecasteele, SJ, )	3.02
"Vancomycin has appropriate concentration in CSF during the treatment of meningitis and do not decrease along with the alleviation of meningeal inflammation in spite of concerns in this regard."	( Determination of vancomycin trough level in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute community-acquired meningitis: a prospective study. Alavi Darazam, I; Shokouhi, S, 2014)	2.18
"Vancomycin has been the cornerstone of treatment for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. "	( What's new in the treatment of serious MRSA infection? Holmes, NE; Howden, BP, 2014)	1.85
"Vancomycin has been in clinical use for over 60 years, during which time renal toxicity has been well documented. "	( Vancomycin-associated renal dysfunction: where are we now? Carreno, JJ; Kenney, RM; Lomaestro, B, 2014)	3.29
"Vancomycin has been considered the standard of care for treatment of Gram-positive skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs). "	( Review of meta-analyses of vancomycin compared with new treatments for Gram-positive skin and soft-tissue infections: Are we any clearer? Nathwani, D; Tsoulas, C, 2015)	2.16
"Vancomycin infusion has been implicated in cases of phlebitis, with endothelial toxicity depending on the drug concentration and the duration of the infusion."	( Endothelial Cell Toxicity of Vancomycin Infusion Combined with Other Antibiotics. Barthélémy, C; Chai, F; Debaene, B; Décaudin, B; Drouet, M; Lebuffe, G; Odou, P, 2015)	1.43
"Vancomycin has been used for more than 50 years in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) as the therapy of choice for late-onset sepsis, mainly because Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are common and mostly resistant to oxacyllin despitelow virulence and unusual association with fulminant sepsis. "	( [Reinstating cloxacilin for empiric antibiotic in late-onset sepsis]. Cofré, F; Delpiano, L; Izquierdo, G; Labraña, Y; Reyes, A; Sandoval, A, 2015)	1.86
"Vancomycin, which has a strong antibacterial effect to Gram-positive bacteria, was adopted as one molecular recognition agent for bacterial detection. "	( Dual-recognition detection of Staphylococcus aureus using vancomycin-functionalized magnetic beads as concentration carriers. Fu, Z; Gao, H; Kong, W; Ouyang, H; Shu, Q; Su, X; Wang, M; Yang, S, 2016)	2.12
"Vancomycin has been associated with acute kidney injury (AKI). "	( Evaluation of Vancomycin Exposures Associated with Elevations in Novel Urinary Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury in Vancomycin-Treated Rats. Cluff, C; Gulati, A; Lamar, PC; Lodise, TP; Neely, MN; O'Donnell, JN; Pais, G; Prozialeck, WC; Rhodes, NJ; Scheetz, MH; Venkatesan, N, 2016)	2.24
"Vancomycin has been the drug of choice for treating this type of bacteremia for decades in patients who have no contraindications to the antibiotic."	( Treating Central Catheter-Associated Bacteremia Due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Beyond Vancomycin. Holt, S; Lipetzky, J; Sparks, ER; Thompson-Brazill, KA, 2016)	1.37
"Vancomycin has long been considered a drug of last resort. "	( Reengineering Antibiotics to Combat Bacterial Resistance: Click Chemistry [1,2,3]-Triazole Vancomycin Dimers with Potent Activity against MRSA and VRE. Moses, JE; Sharpless, KB; Silverman, SM, 2017)	2.12
"Vancomycin has been in use for more than half a century, but whether it is truly nephrotoxic and to what extent are still highly controversial. "	( Vancomycin and the Risk of AKI: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Haikal, A; Hammoud, KA; Sinha Ray, A; Yu, ASL, 2016)	3.32
"Vancomycin has recently gained popularity as an empiric therapy for late onset sepsis in the NICU. "	( The association between vancomycin trough concentrations and acute kidney injury in the neonatal intensive care unit. Bhargava, V; Fonseca, R; Malloy, M, 2017)	2.2
"Vancomycin has an important role in the treatment of CDIs, but does not prevent recurrence."	( Clostridium difficile infections: emerging epidemiology and new treatments. Cohen, MB, 2009)	1.07
"Vancomycin has been used extensively for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections, especially in cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). "	( Summary of ASHP/IDSA/SIDP vancomycin monitoring recommendations: a focus on osteomyelitis. Davis, GA; Malloy, KM, 2009)	2.1
"Vancomycin MIC creep has been reported by some institutions but not confirmed in large surveillance studies. "	( Evaluation of vancomycin and daptomycin potency trends (MIC creep) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates collected in nine U.S. medical centers from 2002 to 2006. Fey, PD; Fish, DN; Jones, RN; Limaye, AP; Madinger, N; Pankey, G; Rahal, J; Rybak, MJ; Sader, HS; Snydman, DR; Steed, LL; Waites, K, 2009)	2.16
"Vancomycin has been recommended as the treatment of choice for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia with a desired trough concentration of 15 to 20 mg/L. "	( Vancomycin dosing for pneumonia in critically ill trauma patients. Erstad, BL; Kopp, BJ; Nix, DE; Norris, CJ; Patanwala, AE, 2009)	3.24
"Vancomycin has reliable antibacterial activity against many gram-positive pathogens but is associated with many adverse events. "	( Tolerability of teicoplanin in 117 hospitalized adults with previous vancomycin-induced fever, rash, or neutropenia: a retrospective chart review. Chang, CM; Chen, PL; Chung, CH; Hung, YP; Ko, WC; Lee, CC; Lee, HC; Lee, NY; Wu, CJ, 2009)	2.03
"Vancomycin has been a cornerstone antibiotic for the treatment of severe gram-positive infections in dialysis patients for decades. "	( Vancomycin dosing in patients on intermittent hemodialysis. De Vriese, AS; Vandecasteele, SJ, )	3.02
"Vancomycin has traditionally been the treatment of choice for these infections, but its activity is not satisfactory especially in cases of MRSA with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 1 mg/L."	( [Role of daptomycin in the empirical and directed therapy of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria in the critically ill patient]. Amaya-Villar, R; de la Torre, MV; Garnacho-Montero, J; Gómez-Grande, ML; Jerez, V; Lorente-Ramos, L; Loza, A; Martínez, A; Ortiz, C; Pomares, J; Pozo, JC; Sierra, R, 2011)	1.09
"Vancomycin has been considered the accepted standard of therapy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and is commonly used as an alternative for methicillin-suceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) in cases of allergy or intolerance to other agents. "	( Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to vancomycin: analysis of minimum inhibitory concentrations in two tertiary care hospitals in eastern South Dakota. Hedge, DD; Hellwig, TR; Laible, BR, 2011)	2.07
"Vancomycin has been the treatment standard for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, but clinical efficacy is limited. "	( Clinical outcomes of linezolid vs vancomycin in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ventilator-associated pneumonia: retrospective analysis. Chan, JD; Cuschieri, J; Dellit, TH; Hessel, M; Neff, M; Pham, TN; Wong, J, )	1.85
"Vancomycin has a narrow therapeutic range."	( Implementation of a dose calculator for vancomycin to achieve target trough levels of 15-20 microg/mL in persons undergoing hemodialysis. De Bacquer, D; De Vriese, AS; Vandecasteele, SJ, 2011)	1.36
"Vancomycin has remained the mainstay of therapy for serious Gram-positive infections, particularly MRSA BSI; however, therapeutic failures with vancomycin have been increasingly reported."	( Prediction of failure in vancomycin-treated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection: a clinically useful risk stratification tool. Cheema, F; Donabedian, S; Haque, NZ; Lu, M; Moore, CL; Osaki-Kiyan, P; Perri, MB; Zervos, MJ, 2011)	1.39
"Vancomycin has been the most widely used antibiotic in these situations but its toxicity, especially in the kidney, and reports of failure when used for the treatment of methicillin-resistant S."	( [Daptomycin therapy in patients with bacteremia]. Iribarren, JA; Llinares, P, 2012)	1.1
"Vancomycin use has increased over the last decade. "	( Impact of vancomycin MIC creep on patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Chiu, SK; Lin, JC; Lin, TY; Wang, YC; Yang, YS; Yeh, KM; Yeh, YC, 2012)	2.22
"Vancomycin has been used for decades in the treatment of OM, but, despite adequate dosing, 30% to 50% of patients experience infection recurrence within 12 months."	( Daptomycin compared to vancomycin for the treatment of osteomyelitis: a single-center, retrospective cohort study. Finnegan, PM; Linneman, TW; McDonald, JR; Moenster, RP, 2012)	1.41
"Vancomycin has been shown to affect tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) pathways as an immunomodulator; this is thought to be separate from its function as an antibiotic [1]. "	( Immunomodulatory effect of vancomycin on Treg in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Abarbanel, DN; Benavides, JA; Cox, K; Cox, KL; Davies, Y; Marlen, N; Nadeau, KC; Seki, SM, 2013)	2.13
"Vancomycin has been the treatment of choice for several years."	( Pharmacotherapy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pneumonia. Church, TJ; Segarra-Newnham, M, 2012)	1.1
"Vancomycin has been used extensively since the late 1950s. "	( The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vancomycin in clinical practice: evidence and uncertainties. De Vriese, AS; Tacconelli, E; Vandecasteele, SJ, 2013)	2.09
"Vancomycin has indeed been shown to trigger neutrophil apoptosis."	( Stimulation of platelet death by vancomycin. Borst, O; Gawaz, M; Lang, F; Münzer, P; Schmid, E; Schmidt, EM; Stegmann, E; Tolios, A; Towhid, ST, 2013)	1.39
"Vancomycin has been used with increased frequency during the past 15 years and the most common toxicity with this drug is the red man syndrome . "	( Uncommon vancomycin-induced side effects. Baptista, MI; Da Cunha, CA; Kondo, W; Martins, LT; Rocha, JL, 2002)	2.17
"Vancomycin has been the standard treatment for methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections in many countries, but its intravenous-only formulation for systemic infections often confines patients to the hospital for the treatment."	( Effect of linezolid versus vancomycin on length of hospital stay in patients with complicated skin and soft tissue infections caused by known or suspected methicillin-resistant staphylococci: results from a randomized clinical trial. Li, JZ; Rittenhouse, BE; Rybak, MJ; Willke, RJ, 2003)	1.34
"Vancomycin has long been considered the antibiotic of last resort against serious and multi-drug-resistant infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. "	( Vancomycin resistance: occurrence, mechanisms and strategies to combat it. Boneca, IG; Chiosis, G, 2003)	3.2
"Oral vancomycin therapy has been a risk factor for turning culture positive for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). "	( Failure to develop vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus with oral vancomycin treatment of Clostridium difficile. Farr, BM; Giannetta, ET; Salgado, CD, 2004)	1.17
"Vancomycin has been the drug of choice for 30 years for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). "	( Characterisation of laboratory-generated vancomycin intermediate resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Bhateja, P; Dube, S; Fatma, T; Purnapatre, K; Rattan, A, 2006)	2.04
"Oral vancomycin has very poor bioavailability and, as of May 4, 2006, has not been associated with hepatic toxicity."	( Vancomycin-induced elevation of liver enzyme levels. Cadle, RM; Darouiche, RO; Mansouri, MD, 2006)	2.23
"Vancomycin has been the drug of choice for MRSA infections for many years. "	( Pharmacologic treatment options for nosocomial pneumonia involving methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Hall, RG; Maclayton, DO, 2007)	1.78
"Vancomycin has only rarely been implicated as a cause of thrombocytopenia, and there is only limited evidence that this complication is caused by immune mechanisms. "	( Vancomycin-induced immune thrombocytopenia. Ahl, S; Aster, RH; Baker, KR; Bougie, DW; Curtis, BR; Limbu, I; McFarland, JG; Von Drygalski, A, 2007)	3.23
"Vancomycin has historically been the drug of choice for this pathogen because its broad spectrum can address the multidrug resistance of most MRSA infections."	( Burden of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: focus on clinical and economic outcomes. Lodise, TP; McKinnon, PS, 2007)	1.06
"Vancomycin has been the drug of choice for treatment of MRSA in the critical care setting."	( Antibiotic therapy of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in critical care. Crank, CW; Segreti, J; Tverdek, FP, 2008)	1.07
"Vancomycin has been used for decades to treat serious systemic gram positive infections. "	( Vancomycin revisited: a reappraisal of clinical use. Cunha, BA, 2008)	3.23
"Vancomycin use has increased dramatically worldwide since the mid-1980s, largely as a result of empirical and directed therapy against burgeoning methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. "	( Increasing antibiotic resistance among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Moellering, RC; Sakoulas, G, 2008)	1.79
"Vancomycin has been used in the prevention and treatment of shunt infection in hemodialysis patients."	( Clinical usefulness of vancomycin. Cunha, BA; Ristuccia, AM, )	1.16
"Vancomycin has a shorter half-life than teicoplanin and requires multiple dosing to maintain adequate serum levels."	( Teicoplanin or vancomycin in the treatment of gram-positive infections? Murphy, S; Pinney, RJ, 1995)	1.37
"Vancomycin use has markedly increased over the past several years because of an increased incidence of resistant organisms, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. "	( The appropriateness of initial vancomycin dosing. McKnight, JT; Robbins, M; Rodman, DP; Rogers, T, 1994)	2.02
"Vancomycin has variable elution properties and is not a predictable additive for the bone cements tested."	( Antibiotic impregnated bone cement in total hip arthroplasty. An in vivo comparison of the elution properties of tobramycin and vancomycin. Brause, B; Brien, WW; Klein, R; Salvati, EA; Stern, S, 1993)	1.21
"Vancomycin use has increased linearly in the last decade primarily related to the presence of indwelling vascular devices in hematology-oncology patients. "	( The epidemiology of intravenous vancomycin usage in a university hospital. A 10-year study. Dick, RW; Ena, J; Jones, RN; Wenzel, RP, 1993)	2.01
"Vancomycin has been reported as a rare cause of thrombocytopenia. "	( Vancomycin-induced thrombocytopenia: a challenge and rechallenge. Adams, LA; Admire, JL; Alred, GL; Chu, MA; Howard, CE, 1997)	3.18
"Vancomycin resistance has a negative impact on survival in patients with E faecium bacteremia and leads to higher health care costs."	( Enterococcus faecium bacteremia: does vancomycin resistance make a difference? Noskin, GA; Peterson, LR; Postelnick, M; Stosor, V, 1998)	1.29
"Vancomycin has been frequently recommended for the treatment of multi-resistant infections. "	( Adverse effects of vancomycin in children: a review of 22 cases. Grisi, SJ; Reis, AG, )	1.9
"Vancomycin has been monitored routinely but many questions remain about the most appropriate approach to this."	( The therapeutic monitoring of antimicrobial agents. Barclay, ML; Begg, EJ; Kirkpatrick, CJ, 1999)	1.02
"Vancomycin (VCM) has a bacteriostatic effect on gram-positive bacteria such as the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus."	( Determination of vancomycin in human serum by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with direct sample injection. Furuta, I; Kitahashi, T, 2001)	2.09
"Vancomycin has been the most reliable therapeutic agent against infections caused by meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). "	( Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a new model of antibiotic resistance. Hiramatsu, K, 2001)	3.2
"Vancomycin use has been much higher in the USA, where emergence of ampicillin-resistant enterococci preceded emergence of VRE, making them very susceptible to the selective effects of antibiotics."	( Vancomycin-resistant enterococci: why are they here, and where do they come from? Bonten, MJ; Weinstein, RA; Willems, R, 2001)	2.47
"Vancomycin resistance has been reported in clinical isolates of both coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus. "	( Vancomycin resistance in staphylococci. Dick, JD; Perl, TM; Srinivasan, A, 2002)	3.2
"Vancomycin has antibiotic and peptide-binding properties similar to ristocetin's, but differs structurally in having a free carboxyl group and thus a less positive charge at neutral pH."	( Studies on the mechanism of ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination. Effects of structural modification of ristocetin and vancomycin. Coller, BS; Gralnick, HR, 1977)	1.19
"Vancomycin has excellent activity against Gram-positive bacteria and is often selected for use in the infected burn patient. "	( Simplified dosing and monitoring of vancomycin for the burn care clinician. Rice, TL, 1992)	2
"Vancomycin resistance has not been transmitted from staphylococcus to staphylococcus though transfer of erythromycin and of chloramphenicol resistance has been achieved."	( Co-transfer of vancomycin and other resistance genes from Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 12201 to Staphylococcus aureus. Cree, RG; Noble, WC; Virani, Z, 1992)	1.36
"Vancomycin has been the agent most widely studied."	( Systemic absorption of intraperitoneal antimicrobials in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Mason, NA; O'Brien, MA, 1992)	1
"Vancomycin has a shorter elimination half-life and lower protein binding than teicoplanin."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of glycopeptide antibiotics, and the influence of teicoplanin on granulocyte function. Boeckh, M; Borner, K; Gaffal, H; Höffken, G; Koeppe, P; Kühn, M; Lode, H, 1990)	1
"Vancomycin resistance has recently been recognized among clinical isolates of enterococci. "	( Induction of vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium by inhibition of transglycosylation. Handwerger, S; Kolokathis, A, 1990)	2.09
"Vancomycin has been reported to be an ototoxic drug in the clinical literature. "	( Augmented gentamicin ototoxicity induced by vancomycin in guinea pigs. Brummett, RE; Fox, KE; Jacobs, F; Kempton, JB; Richmond, AB; Stokes, Z, 1990)	1.98
"Vancomycin has been successfully used clinically for many years. "	( An experimental study of vancomycin-induced cochlear damage. Bagger-Sjöbäck, D; Kieviet, HL; Ring, W; Tange, RA; von Marle, J, 1989)	2.02
"Vancomycin has been in clinical use as a potent antistaphylococcal antibiotic for over 30 years. "	( Vancomycin ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. A review. Bailie, GR; Neal, D, )	3.02
"Vancomycin utilisation has increased dramatically in the last 10 years due to the increasing clinical significance of infections with methicillin-resistant staphylococci. "	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of vancomycin. Guay, DR; Matzke, GR; Zhanel, GG, )	1.87

Actions

Vancomycin can activate mast cells via MAS-related G-protein-coupled receptor X2, an IgE-independent receptor implicated in non-IgE reactions. The drug did not cause significant changes in tenocyte viability after 2 and 6 hours of incubation at any concentration between 0 and 12,800 µg/mL. Vancomyin use was lower for patients screened at POEC vs those screened at OPES.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Vancomycin can activate mast cells via MAS-related G-protein-coupled receptor X2, an IgE-independent receptor implicated in non-IgE reactions."	( Adverse reactions to vancomycin and cross-reactivity with other antibiotics. De Luca, JF; Holmes, NE; Trubiano, JA, 2020)	1.6
"Vancomycin did not cause significant changes in tenocyte viability after 2 and 6 hours of incubation at any concentration between 0 and 12,800 µg/mL. "	( Soaking of Autologous Tendon Grafts in Vancomycin Before Implantation Does Not Lead to Tenocyte Cytotoxicity. Abrams, GD; Leonardi, EA; Robinson, WH; Safran, MR; Sharpe, O; Sherman, SL; Xiao, M, 2020)	2.27
"Vancomycin MICs did not increase nor was heteroresistance identified."	( No evidence of vancomycin minimal inhibitory concentration creep or heteroresistance identified in pediatric Staphylococcus aureus blood isolates. Goldman, JL; Harrison, CJ; Jackson, MA; Myers, AL; Selvarangan, R, 2014)	1.48
"Vancomycin use was lower for patients screened at POEC vs those screened at OPES (10% vs 28%, P<.001 unadjusted; P=.03 adjusted)."	( Preoperative evaluation of patients with history of allergy to penicillin: comparison of 2 models of practice. Danielson, DR; Frigas, E; Kita, H; Markus, PJ; Narr, BJ; Olson, KE; Park, MA; Schroeder, DR; Volcheck, GW, 2008)	1.07
"Vancomycin can be a cause of DRESS syndrome. "	( Vancomycin-induced DRESS syndrome in a female patient. Abrassart, S; Assal, M; Bernard, L; Djordjevic, M; Ferry, T; Roussos, C; Uçkay, I; Vaudaux, P; Vauthey, L, 2008)	3.23
"Vancomycin failed to produce a 2 log reduction in the biofilm embedded bacterial count against either of the tested organisms at any time."	( Pharmacodynamics of moxifloxacin versus vancomycin against biofilms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis in an in vitro model. Ahmed, GF; Elkhatib, WF; Noreddin, AM; Salem, AH, 2010)	1.35
"Vancomycin elution was slower and inhibited growth for 56 days alone or for 5 days with amikacin."	( In vitro elution of amikacin and vancomycin from impregnated plaster of Paris beads. Atilla, A; Boothe, DM; Boothe, HW; Diaz, DC; Duran, S; Sofge, J; Tollett, M, 2010)	1.36
"Vancomycin elution was lower than previously reported osteoblast and chondroblast toxicity concentrations and above the minimum inhibitory concentration for Staphylococcus."	( The in vitro elution characteristics of vancomycin from tendons. Dukie, S; Grant, GD; Grayson, JE; Vertullo, CJ, 2011)	1.36
"Vancomycin showed lower myeloperoxidase activity compared with linezolid in the first 24 hrs after inoculation (p = .03), but the difference was undetectable at 48 hrs and 72 hrs."	( Does linezolid modulate lung innate immunity in a murine model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia? Akinnusi, ME; El-Solh, AA; Gao, W; Hattemer, A, 2011)	1.09
"The vancomycin costs were lower in the test group."	( Prevention of MRSA pneumonia by oral vancomycin decontamination: a randomised trial. Blazic, M; Fontana, F; Gregori, D; Milanese, M; Oblach, L; Piacente, N; Silvestri, L; van Saene, HK, 2004)	1.08
"Vancomycin displays predominantly time-dependent pharmacodynamic properties and probably requires higher than conventionally recommended doses because of an increased V(d) and clearance during sepsis without organ dysfunction."	( Antibacterial dosing in intensive care: pharmacokinetics, degree of disease and pharmacodynamics of sepsis. Lipman, J; Roberts, JA, 2006)	1.06
"Vancomycin appears to enhance susceptibility to colonization with C."	( Studies on the epidemiology of antibiotic-associated Clostridium difficile colitis. Batts, DH; Browne, RA; Cudmore, MA; Fekety, R; Kim, KH; Silva, J; Toshniwal, R; Wilson, KH, 1980)	0.98
"Vancomycin is known to cause vasodilation, and hypotension secondary to histamine release. "	( Analysis of responses to vancomycin in carotid blood flow in the male rat. Feng, CJ; Jahr, JS; Kang, B; Kaye, AD; Nossaman, BD; Paxtor, C, 1995)	2.04
"Vancomycin did not inhibit transport, whereas probenecid, a classical organic anion inhibitor, did."	( Mechanism of vancomycin transport in the kidney: studies in rabbit renal brush border and basolateral membrane vesicles. Sokol, PP, 1991)	1.37
"Vancomycin seemed to increase the incidence of nephrotoxicity."	( Empirical antimicrobial therapy with a single daily dose of ceftriaxone plus amikacin in febrile granulocytopenic patients: a pilot study. Aoun, M; Ibrahim, S; Meunier, F; Tulkens, PM; Van der Auwera, P, 1991)	1

Treatment

Treatment with vancomycin alone was as least as efficient as that with penicillin plus an aminoglycoside, resulting in an average of 3.33 +/- 0.96 log CFU/g of vegetation and sterile lesions in five of eight animals. Treatment decreased the relative abundance of the genera Clostridium XIVa and Alistipes and the family Lachnospiraceae in the cecum.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Vancomycin-treated rats (200 mg/kg/once daily, for seven consecutive days, i.p.) revealed significant increase in serum pivotal kidney function, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers."	( Ameliorate impacts of scopoletin against vancomycin-induced intoxication in rat model through modulation of Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 and IκBα-P65 NF-κB/P38 MAPK signaling pathways: Molecular study, molecular docking evidence and network pharmacology analysis. Abo-Youssef, AM; Hassan, SM; Khalaf, MM; Sayed, AM, 2022)	1.71
"Vancomycin treatment failure against vancomycin-susceptible gram-positive cocci is not rare in the intensive care unit (ICU). "	( Target serum concentration of vancomycin may be reached earlier with a loading dose. Chen, D; Deng, Y; He, L; Huang, Y; Liu, J; Meng, M; Zhang, R, 2022)	2.45
"Vancomycin treatment of a CDI mouse model infected with a vancomycin nonsusceptible isolate failed to eradicate the infection."	( Emergence of Clinical Clostridioides difficile Isolates With Decreased Susceptibility to Vancomycin. Arias, CA; Brown, EL; Darkoh, C; DuPont, HL; Hanson, BM; Keita, K; Odo, C; Oyaro, M, 2022)	1.66
"Vancomycin treatment decreased the relative abundance of the genera Clostridium XIVa and Alistipes and the family Lachnospiraceae in the cecum."	( Oral application of vancomycin alters murine lung microbiome and pulmonary immune responses. Bartel, S; Boateng, E; Jatzlauk, G; Kovacevic, D; Krauss-Etschmann, S; Lund, JV; N Hylkema, M; Pfeiffer, S; Schloter, M, 2022)	1.77
"Vancomycin is a treatment option for patients with severe methicillin-resistant "	( Development of a Single-nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping Assay for the Rapid Detection of Vancomycin-intermediate Resistance in Kim, JW; Lee, KJ, 2023)	2.57
"Vancomycin treatment had no effect on iNKT cell function in vivo in IL-18 knockout macrophage reconstituted mice."	( CSF-1R+ Macrophages Control the Gut Microbiome-Enhanced Liver Invariant NKT Function through IL-18. Bauer, K; Berzofsky, JA; Greten, TF; Korangy, F; Lai, CW; Ma, C; McCallen, J; McVey, JC; Ruf, B; Trehan, R; Trinchieri, G; Wang, S; Zhang, Q, 2023)	1.63
"Vancomycin treatment for CDI endangers recurrence in IMC patients."	( Clostridioides difficile infection in immunocompromised hospitalized patients is associated with a high recurrence rate. Atamna, A; Avni, T; Ayada, G; Babitch, T; Ben-Zvi, H; Bishara, J; Hijazi, R, 2020)	1.28
"Vancomycin powder- treated animals' cultures were significantly lower than all other groups (P < 0.0001) with negative culture results, except for one animal."	( Topical vancomycin for treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis infection in a rat spinal implant model. Boyce, TG; Karau, MJ; Kohrs, NJ; Larson, AN; Mandrekar, JN; Milbrandt, TA; Patel, R; Puleo, DA; van Wijnen, AJ; Zhang, C, 2020)	1.71
"Vancomycin treatment at 5 mg/mL significantly reduced tenocyte viability in vitro after 60 minutes of treatment ("	( Vancomycin Wrap for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery: Molecular Insights. Akbar, M; Atherton, CM; Garcia-Melchor, E; Leach, WJ; McCall, K; McInnes, IB; Millar, NL; Mullen, M; Rooney, BP; Spencer, SJ; Walker, C, 2021)	3.51
"The vancomycin group was treated for 14 days with additional five weeks of tapering for multiple recurrences."	( Randomised clinical trial: a 12-strain bacterial mixture versus faecal microbiota transplantation versus vancomycin for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections. Andersen, CØ; Bytzer, P; Chehri, M; Engberg, J; Helms, M; Heno, KK; Jensen, US; Krogsgaard, LR; Petersen, AM; Ribberholt, I; Rode, AA; Schønning, K; Svendsen, AT; Tvede, M, 2021)	1.32
"Vancomycin treatment significantly decreased alpha diversity and changed the abundance of several taxa at the phylum, family, and genus levels."	( The Western Dietary Pattern Combined with Vancomycin-Mediated Changes to the Gut Microbiome Exacerbates Colitis Severity and Colon Tumorigenesis. Aardema, ND; Benninghoff, AD; Hintze, KJ; Rodriguez, DM; Van Wettere, AJ, 2021)	1.61
"The vancomycin treatment effect was associated with an altered profile in amino acid concentrations in the gut with increases in arginine, glycine, alanine, proline, valine, leucine, and decreases in tyrosine and methionine."	( Effects of Vancomycin on Persistent Pain-Stimulated and Pain-Depressed Behaviors in Female Fischer Rats With or Without Voluntary Access to Running Wheels. Asmus, F; Bittinger, K; Brackin, R; Couture, S; Davis, R; Fisher, A; Friedman, ES; Giuvelis, D; Harrington, K; King, T; Lee, JJ; Liff, J; Mattei, LM; May, M; Mutina, E; Payne, E; Richard, P; Rostama, B; Sannajust, S; Stevenson, GW, 2021)	1.49
"Vancomycin treatment on POD-0 suppressed HO formation by 86% and prevented bone marrow and soft tissue infections."	( Early local delivery of vancomycin suppresses ectopic bone formation in a rat model of trauma-induced heterotopic ossification. Davis, TA; Dey, D; Forsberg, JA; Hanson, MA; Moss, KL; Pavey, GJ; Potter, BK; Qureshi, AT; Sanders, EM; Seavey, JG; Tomasino, AM; Wheatley, BM, 2017)	1.48
"Vancomycin treatment caused an increase in the chemical composition of protein relative to carbohydrates of secreted MVs, a property which was highly associated with bacterial hydrophobicity, surface adhesion, and intercellular aggregation."	( Vancomycin-induced biofilm formation by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is associated with the secretion of membrane vesicles. Cao, J; He, X; Lu, F; Yin, Y; Yuan, F, 2017)	2.62
"Vancomycin treatment induced the accumulation of L. murinus in the gut, which consumes residual biotin and depletes available biotin in the gut."	( Intestinal Dysbiosis and Biotin Deprivation Induce Alopecia through Overgrowth of Lactobacillus murinus in Mice. Amagai, M; Aoki, R; Fukuda, S; Hattori, M; Hayashi, A; Kamada, N; Kanai, T; Mikami, Y; Miyamoto, K; Mizuno, S; Naganuma, M; Ohyama, M; Sato, T; Suda, W; Teratani, T, 2017)	1.18
"Vancomycin treatment induced an increase in systemic CD8α+ DCs, which sustained systemic adoptively transferred antitumor T cells in an IL-12-dependent manner."	( Gut microbiota modulates adoptive cell therapy via CD8α dendritic cells and IL-12. Bittinger, K; Bushman, FD; Facciabene, A; Ganetsky, A; Gill, S; Guedan, S; June, CH; Morgan, MA; Pierini, S; Rafail, S; Tanes, C; Tanyi, JL; Uribe-Herranz, M, 2018)	1.2
"Vancomycin is a standard treatment for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia, and its efficacy is closely linked to the recommended serum trough concentration of 15-20 mg/L. "	( The ratio of pre-dialysis vancomycin trough serum concentration to minimum inhibitory concentration is associated with treatment outcomes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Fu, CF; Huang, JD; Lin, SW; Wang, JT; Wu, CC, 2018)	2.22
"Vancomycin is the treatment of choice for moderate to severe CDI."	( [THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTIONS AND ASPECTS PERTAINING TO TREATMENT WITH VANCOMYCIN AT ASSAF HAROFEH MEDICAL CENTER]. Bondorenco, M; Dadon, M; Daniel, C; Kachlon, Y; Lazarovitch, T; Marchaim, D; Mengesha, B; Toledano, L; Youngster, I; Zaidenstein, R, 2018)	1.42
"Vancomycin-treated participants had a significant increase in the Enterobacteriaceae group, with this increase persisting beyond EOT."	( Enhanced preservation of the human intestinal microbiota by ridinilazole, a novel Clostridium difficile-targeting antibacterial, compared to vancomycin. Chang, J; Kane, AV; Snydman, DR; Tai, A; Thorpe, CM; Vickers, RJ, 2018)	1.4
"In vancomycin-treated SPF mice, the diversity of the gut microbiota was significantly reduced and the abundance of Lactobacillus was markedly increased."	( Alteration of GLP-1/GPR43 expression and gastrointestinal motility in dysbiotic mice treated with vancomycin. Fukui, H; Miwa, H; Oshima, T; Ran, Y; Tomita, T; Watari, J; Xu, X, 2019)	1.24
"Vancomycin is a vital treatment option for patients suffering from critical infections, and therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended. "	( Towards precision dosing of vancomycin: a systematic evaluation of pharmacometric models for Bayesian forecasting. Broeker, A; Carland, JE; Day, RO; Derendorf, H; Klinker, KP; Marriott, DJ; Nardecchia, M; Stocker, SL; Wicha, SG, 2019)	2.25
"or vancomycin. Treatment classification was based on the first antibiotic used for >4 days in the 7 days after blood culture collection."	( β-lactam antibiotics vs. vancomycin for the early treatment of enterococcal bacteraemia: A retrospective cohort study. Bitterman, R; Braun, E; Geffen, Y; Manaa, A; Moskovich, O; Nashashibi, L; Neuberger, A; Paul, M; Petersiel, N; Polak, D, 2019)	1.33
"Vancomycin treatment was the independent risk factor of hVISA."	( Prevalence and clinical prognosis of heteroresistant vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care center in China. Ai, XM; Hu, YJ; Sun, TY; Wang, Y; Xu, HT, 2013)	1.36
"Vancomycin treatment was the independent predictors for hVISA infection."	( Prevalence and clinical prognosis of heteroresistant vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care center in China. Ai, XM; Hu, YJ; Sun, TY; Wang, Y; Xu, HT, 2013)	1.36
"Vancomycin treatment failure rates were similar among older and younger patients (49.3% vs 53.4%; [Formula: see text])."	( Comparative epidemiology of bacteremia due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus between older and younger adults: a propensity score analysis. Kaye, KS; Kullar, R; Rybak, MJ, 2013)	1.11
"Vancomycin treatment failure has been associated with low serum vancomycin trough concentrations, prompting recommendations to increase the daily doses in adults and children. "	( The effect of age and weight on vancomycin serum trough concentrations in pediatric patients. Banerjee, R; Graner, KK; Madigan, T; Sieve, RM, 2013)	2.12
"Vancomycin (VCM) treatment outcomes depend on the characteristics of the patient, and it is well known that hypoalbuminemia is a risk factor for poor treatment outcomes, as reported in a previous study. "	( The influence of severe hypoalbuminemia on the half-life of vancomycin in elderly patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus hospital-acquired pneumonia. Fukami, K; Furuta, K; Ito, K; Mizokami, F; Mizuno, T; Nagamatsu, T; Shibasaki, M, 2013)	2.07
"Vancomycin treatment again resulted in significantly reduced leucocyte count and body temperature, and increased animal body weight."	( Establishment of a new methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus animal model of osteomyelitis. Guehring, T; Helbig, L; Lorenz, H; Moghaddam, A; Putz, C; Schmidmaier, G; Simank, HG; Suda, AJ; Wölfl, C, 2014)	1.12
"The vancomycin-treated and the control rabbits were similar in weight (mean [and standard deviation], 4.1 ± 0.5 kg and 4.0 ± 0.4 kg, respectively; p = 0.60) and sex distribution and had similar durations of surgery (21.7 ± 7.7 minutes and 16.9 ± 6.7 minutes; p = 0.15). "	( Intrawound vancomycin powder eradicates surgical wound contamination: an in vivo rabbit study. Chuntarapas, T; Greco, S; Kelly, MP; Riew, KD; Talcott, M; Zebala, LP, 2014)	1.35
"Vancomycin treatment for a minimum of 72 hours."	( Vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity in adult medicine patients: incidence, outcomes, and risk factors. Hynicka, LM; Meaney, CJ; Tsoukleris, MG, 2014)	3.29
"Vancomycin successfully treated the initial episode of simulated CDI, but ∼18 days after therapy cessation, recurrent infection occurred. "	( Comparison of planktonic and biofilm-associated communities of Clostridium difficile and indigenous gut microbiota in a triple-stage chemostat gut model. Baines, SD; Chilton, CH; Crowther, GS; Freeman, J; Nicholson, S; Todhunter, SL; Wilcox, MH, 2014)	1.85
"vancomycin treatment and treatment conducted by iontophoretic delivery of vancomycin encapsulated in ethosomal formula."	( Transdermal delivery of vancomycin hydrochloride using combination of nano-ethosomes and iontophoresis: in vitro and in vivo study. Abdellatif, MM; Hamzawy, MA; Khalil, MA; Makky, AM; Mohammed, MI; Teaima, MH, 2016)	1.46
"Vancomycin is a common treatment for complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSIs) caused by MRSA. "	( Vancomycin serum concentrations do not adequately predict tissue exposure in diabetic patients with mild to moderate limb infections. Hamada, Y; Kuti, JL; Nicolau, DP, 2015)	3.3
"Vancomycin treatment led to increased Escherichia, Lactobacillus and Sutterella genera and decreased members of the Clostridiales order and Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae and Rikenellaceae families, as compared to control mice."	( Antibiotics in early life alter the gut microbiome and increase disease incidence in a spontaneous mouse model of autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes. Bach, JF; Candon, S; Chatenoud, L; Foray, AP; Marquet, C; Milani, C; Pelletier, B; Perez-Arroyo, A; Valette, F; Ventura, M, 2015)	1.14
"Vancomycin treatment of diet significantly decreased the number of E."	( Identification and methods for prevention of Enterococcus mundtii infection in silkworm larvae, Bombyx mori, reared on artificial diet. Matsumoto, Y; Nwibo, DD; Sekimizu, K, 2015)	1.14
"The vancomycin treatment guideline is based on the association between vancomycin trough concentration and clinical outcome."	( Vancomycin serum trough concentration vs. clinical outcome in patients with gram-positive infection: a retrospective analysis. Cao, G; Chen, Y; Huang, J; Liang, X; Liu, X; Wu, J; Yu, J; Zhang, J; Zhang, Y; Zhou, Y, 2015)	2.34
"Vancomycin is a common treatment option for skin and skin structure infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). "	( Vancomycin Tissue Pharmacokinetics in Patients with Lower-Limb Infections via In Vivo Microdialysis. Bhalodi, AA; Housman, ST; Nicolau, DP; Nugent, J; Shepard, A, 2015)	3.3
"Vancomycin is the treatment of choice for serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. "	( Vancomycin AUC24 /MIC Ratio in Patients with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia. Chun, S; Ji, M; Kim, HK; Kim, MN; Kim, SK; Lee, W; Min, WK; Sung, H, 2016)	3.32
"Vancomycin treatment decreases the systemic humoral response to CDI. "	( Vancomycin Treatment Alters Humoral Immunity and Intestinal Microbiota in an Aged Mouse Model of Clostridium difficile Infection. Bolick, DT; Coquery, CM; Erickson, LD; Kolling, GL; Loo, WM; Moore, JH; Shin, JH; van Opstal, E; Wade, NS; Warren, CA, 2016)	3.32
"Vancomycin treatment suppressed the infiltration of neutrophils induced by AOM/DSS."	( Vancomycin-sensitive bacteria trigger development of colitis-associated colon cancer by attracting neutrophils. Isobe, K; Ito, S; Tanaka, Y, 2016)	2.6
"vancomycin-treated patients."	( Nosocomial pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus treated with linezolid or vancomycin: A secondary economic analysis of resource use from a Spanish perspective. Charbonneau, C; Chastre, J; De Salas-Cansado, M; Gao, X; Mesa, F; Nieto, M; Rello, J; Solé-Violán, J; Solem, CT; Wan, Y, 2016)	1.37
"Vancomycin treatment resulted in significant reductions in enterococci, Bacteroides spp., and Clostridium leptum, whereas the population of aerobic and facultative Gram-negative bacilli increased; deep-sequencing analysis demonstrated suppression of Firmicutes and expansion of Proteobacteria during vancomycin treatment."	( Effect of Fidaxomicin versus Vancomycin on Susceptibility to Intestinal Colonization with Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Mice. Cadnum, JL; Chan, L; Chesnel, L; Deshpande, A; Donskey, CJ; Gao, L; Hurless, K; Kundrapu, S; Polinkovsky, A, 2016)	1.45
"In vancomycin-treated animals, data showed rapidly decreasing amounts of (18)F-FDG uptake after treatment."	( Efficacy of vancomycin-releasing biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) antibiotics beads for treatment of experimental bone infection due to Staphylococcus aureus. Chan, EC; Chan, SC; Cheng, RC; Lai, CF; Lin, SS; Liu, SJ; Ueng, SW; Wang, IC; Yang, CY; Yuan, LJ, 2016)	1.33
"Vancomycin-treated rats were administered amino acid metabolites prior to ischemia/reperfusion studies."	( Intestinal Microbial Metabolites Are Linked to Severity of Myocardial Infarction in Rats. Baker, JE; Gross, GJ; Hsu, A; Lam, V; Salzman, NH; Su, J, 2016)	1.16
"Vancomycin treatment failure occurred in 52 patients (28·6%), and the incidence of nephrotoxicity was low."	( Retrospective analysis of vancomycin treatment outcomes in Chinese paediatric patients with suspected Gram-positive infection. Cheng, DH; Liu, TT; Lu, H; Qin, XL; Wei, WX, 2016)	1.46
"Vancomycin microspheres treatments significantly decreased the infection rate compared to the control group (p < 0.05)."	( Vancomycin microspheres reduce postoperative spine infection in an in vivo rabbit model. Al-Dhabi, NA; Chen, S; Deng, S; Duraipandiyan, V; Fang, J; Hao, Y; Li, S; Liu, G; Xu, B, 2016)	2.6
"Vancomycin-treated patients showed significantly higher 30 day mortality on both multivariate analysis (HR = 5.28; 95% CI = 1.50-18.60; P  < 0.05) and sensitivity analysis with propensity score [vancomycin 13/24 (54.1%) versus trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 4/24 (16.7%); P  < 0.05], and higher clinical failure rates [vancomycin 23/39 (59%) versus trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 15/42 (35.7%); P  < 0.05], also in the sensitivity analysis with propensity score [vancomycin 14/24 (58.3%) versus trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 6/24 (25%); P  < 0.05]."	( Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole versus vancomycin in the treatment of healthcare/ventilator-associated MRSA pneumonia: a case-control study. Bishara, J; Cohen, J; Eliakim-Raz, N; Fisher, S; Hellerman, M; Margalit, I; Shaked, H; Yahav, D; Zusman, O, 2017)	1.45
"Vancomycin treatment diminished the upstream IL-23 and producer dendritic cell population."	( Vancomycin pre-treatment impairs tissue healing in experimental colitis: Importance of innate lymphoid cells. Cai, C; Jin, S; Ran, Z; Shen, J; Song, D; Zhao, D; Zheng, Q, 2017)	2.62
"Vancomycin is the treatment of choice for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia; however, its use has been subject to scrutiny due to failure in severe infections. "	( Ceftaroline fosamil monotherapy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a comparative clinical outcomes study. Arshad, S; Hartman, P; Huang, V; Moreno, D; Perri, MB; Zervos, MJ, 2017)	1.9
"When vancomycin treatment was delayed by 4 to 6 h, even concentrations above the MIC were unable to prevent adherence."	( Effect of oxazolidinone, RBx 7644 (ranbezolid), on inhibition of staphylococcal adherence to plastic surfaces. Bhateja, P; Bhatnagar, PK; Fatma, T; Khan, S; Mathur, T; Pandya, M; Rattan, A; Singhal, S; Upadhyay, DJ, 2008)	0.8
"Vancomycin treatment was associated with fecal excretion of uracil, amino acids and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), highlighting the contribution of the gut microbiota to the production and metabolism of these dietary compounds."	( Metabonomic and microbiological analysis of the dynamic effect of vancomycin-induced gut microbiota modification in the mouse. Davies, H; Holmes, E; Li, JV; Marchesi, JR; Martin, FP; Nicholson, JK; Saric, J; Utzinger, J; Wang, Y; Wilson, ID; Yap, IK, 2008)	1.3
"Vancomycin treatment and length of hospitalization were compared in these patients for a 6-month period before and after implementation of mecA PCR."	( Real-time PCR testing for mecA reduces vancomycin usage and length of hospitalization for patients infected with methicillin-sensitive staphylococci. Banaei, N; Baron, EJ; Lee, BP; Luo, RF; Nguyen, DT; Perry, S; Pinsky, BA; Sisodiya, D; Yeh, E, 2010)	1.35
"Most vancomycin-treated patients received 1 g IV q12h (92.5% [37/40]), whereas most clindamycintreated patients received 600 mg IV q8h (51.0% [26/51]) or 900 mg IV q8h (27.5% [14/51])."	( Retrospective cohort study of hospitalized adults treated with vancomycin or clindamycin for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections. Frei, CR; Lawson, KA; Lewis, JS; Miller, ML; Peddaiahgari, R; Talbert, RL, 2010)	1.06
"vancomycin treated-alveolar macrophages was examined in vitro."	( Does linezolid modulate lung innate immunity in a murine model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia? Akinnusi, ME; El-Solh, AA; Gao, W; Hattemer, A, 2011)	1.09
"Vancomycin has been the treatment standard for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, but clinical efficacy is limited. "	( Clinical outcomes of linezolid vs vancomycin in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ventilator-associated pneumonia: retrospective analysis. Chan, JD; Cuschieri, J; Dellit, TH; Hessel, M; Neff, M; Pham, TN; Wong, J, )	1.85
"Vancomycin treatment failure was observed in 12 patients: 3 required an alternate regimen, 4 had persistent positive cultures, and 5 whose deaths were attributable to MRSA infection."	( Is there a clinical association of vancomycin MIC creep, agr group II locus, and treatment failure in MRSA bacteremia? Carpenter, CF; de Sanctis, JT; Gerasymchuk, L; Powell, K; Robinson-Dunn, B; Sawarynski, K; Sims, MD; Swami, A, 2011)	1.37
"Vancomycin was treated to VSSA and VRSA infected mice at similar dose, respectively, for 10 days."	( Staphylococcus aureus infection induced redox signaling and DNA fragmentation in T-lymphocytes: possible ameliorative role of nanoconjugated vancomycin. Chakraborty, SP; Chattopadhyay, S; Das, S; Dash, SK; Pramanik, P; Roy, S; Tripathy, S, 2012)	1.3
"Vancomycin-treated hens received 10 mg vancomycin in saline/kilogram body weight orally for 5 days to inhibit Gram-positive bacteria within the intestines."	( Colonization of a marker and field strain of Salmonella enteritidis and a marker strain of Salmonella typhimurium in vancomycin-pretreated and nonpretreated laying hens. Bourassa, DV; Buhr, RJ; Cason, JA; Cox, NA; Hannah, JF; Richardson, LJ; Wilson, JL, 2011)	1.3
"Vancomycin-treated high-fat-fed mice gained less weight over the intervention period despite similar caloric intake, and had lower fasting blood glucose, plasma TNFα and triglyceride levels compared with diet-induced obese controls."	( Divergent metabolic outcomes arising from targeted manipulation of the gut microbiota in diet-induced obesity. Clarke, SF; Cotter, PD; Daly, C; Fouhy, F; Hogan, A; Joyce, A; Marques, TM; Murphy, EF; O'Doherty, RM; O'Sullivan, O; O'Toole, PW; Quigley, EM; Ross, PR; Shanahan, F; Stanton, C, 2013)	1.11
"Only vancomycin treatment resulted in an improvement in the metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity thereby establishing that while the gut microbiota is a realistic therapeutic target, the specificity of the antimicrobial agent employed is critical."	( Divergent metabolic outcomes arising from targeted manipulation of the gut microbiota in diet-induced obesity. Clarke, SF; Cotter, PD; Daly, C; Fouhy, F; Hogan, A; Joyce, A; Marques, TM; Murphy, EF; O'Doherty, RM; O'Sullivan, O; O'Toole, PW; Quigley, EM; Ross, PR; Shanahan, F; Stanton, C, 2013)	0.84
"Vancomycin treatment failures in adults with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia are well documented despite established therapeutic monitoring consensus recommendations. "	( Analysis of vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring trends at pediatric hospitals. Edwards, MS; Moffett, BS, 2013)	2.21
"Vancomycin treatment of infected mice was associated with improved clinical, diarrhea, and histopathology scores and survival during treatment."	( Vancomycin treatment's association with delayed intestinal tissue injury, clostridial overgrowth, and recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection in mice. Guerrant, RL; Hoffman, PS; Kolling, GL; Li, Y; Moore, JH; Riggins, MS; van Opstal, EJ; Warren, CA, 2013)	2.55
"Vancomycin remains the treatment of choice for these infections, but its efficacy and safety in bone-and-joint infections are insufficiently documented."	( Continuous high-dose vancomycin combination therapy for methicillin-resistant staphylococcal prosthetic hip infection: a prospective cohort study. Desplaces, N; Dubée, V; Kitzis, MD; Lhotellier, L; Mamoudy, P; Zeller, V; Ziza, JM, 2013)	1.43
"Vancomycin has been the treatment of choice for several years."	( Pharmacotherapy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pneumonia. Church, TJ; Segarra-Newnham, M, 2012)	1.1
"Vancomycin treatment failure in this patient with endocarditis was attributable to heterogeneous resistance to vancomycin."	( Vancomycin treatment failure associated with heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus in a patient with endocarditis and in the rabbit model of endocarditis. Chambers, HF; Moore, MR; Perdreau-Remington, F, 2003)	2.48
"vancomycin for treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia."	( Linezolid for treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a cost-effective alternative to vancomycin. Kollef, MH; Shorr, AF; Susla, GM, 2004)	1.26
"When vancomycin treatments were delayed by 4 h, only concentrations above the MIC prevented adherence."	( Effects of linezolid on staphylococcal adherence versus time of treatment. Buchanan, LV; Dailey, CF; Gibson, JK; Haas, JV; Pagano, PJ; Van Enk, RA, 2004)	0.78
"vancomycin treated silicone, vancomycin treated coated material vs."	( Effect of hydrophilic coating on microorganism colonization in silicone tubing. Akalan, N; Cağavi, F; Celik, H; Güçiz, B; Gür, D, 2004)	1.04
"Vancomycin treatment had no effect on TLR2 induction at any growth stage or MIC ratio tested."	( The glycopeptide vancomycin does not enhance toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) activation by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Dower, SK; Moore, LJ; Pridmore, AC; Read, RC, 2004)	1.38
"HAC/vancomycin-treated animals showed no histological evidence of infection on day 42."	( Effectiveness of hydroxyapatite-vancomycin bone cement in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus induced chronic osteomyelitis. Brandt, B; Gosheger, G; Joist, A; Joosten, U; Liljenqvist, U; von Eiff, C, 2005)	1.09
"Oral vancomycin treatment reduced the density of 1 MRSA strain in stool but had no effect on a second strain."	( Growth in cecal mucus facilitates colonization of the mouse intestinal tract by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Donskey, CJ; Gries, DM; Pultz, NJ, 2005)	0.78
"Vancomycin treatment and the consequent reduction of bacteria obviously alleviated the inflammatory pathological changes in the prostates of the BP rats."	( [Penetrability and therapeutic effect of vancomycin to the prostates of rats with bacterial prostatitis (BP) or BPH-BP]. Chen, ZH; Wang, H; Wang, T; Wu, XJ; Zhu, YY, 2006)	1.32
"Vancomycin hydrochloride treatment failure for infections caused by susceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains with high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) has prompted recent guidelines to recommend a higher vancomycin target trough of 15 to 20 microg/mL."	( High-dose vancomycin therapy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: efficacy and toxicity. Hidayat, LK; Hsu, DI; Quist, R; Shriner, KA; Wong-Beringer, A, 2006)	2.18
"vancomycin treatment fails."	( Cure of ventriculitis and central nervous system shunt infection by Staphylococcus epidermidis with vancomycin by intraventricular injection in a liver transplant recipient. Blaich, A; Jüttner, E; Pisarski, P; Potthoff, K; Schwabe, M; Waller, CF, 2007)	1.28
"Vancomycin treatments were started 1 day after the first administrations of these agents and continued for 7 days."	( Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester, vitamin C, vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine on vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Celik, S; Erdogan, S; Gorur, S; Hakverdi, S; Ocak, S, 2007)	1.28
"Vancomycin treatment failure rates are associated with an increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration as well as a decrease in the rate of bacterial killing."	( Limitations of vancomycin in the management of resistant staphylococcal infections. Kollef, MH, 2007)	1.41
"Vancomycin treatment failure in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia is not uncommon, even when MRSA is susceptible to vancomycin. "	( Influence of vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration on the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Alamo, D; Almela, M; Dimova, VP; Lopez, J; Marco, F; Martínez, JA; Mensa, J; Ortega, M; Pisos, E; Soriano, A, 2008)	2.16
"Vancomycin treatment produced statistically significant reductions of 3.4 and 3.1 log10 CFU/heart for MSSA and MRSA, respectively, relative to controls."	( Development of a mouse model of induced Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis. Brammer, DW; Brieland, JK; Courtney, CL; Gibson, GW; Hollembaek, JM; Huband, MD; Juneau, PL; Kreuser, SC; Riley, JM; Rosebury-Smith, WS; Sulavik, MC; Zhu, T, 2007)	1.06
"Vancomycin treatment for 28 days was adequate therapy for most patients."	( Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in the Detroit Medical Center. Brown, WJ; Cushing, RD; Jui, J; Levine, DP, 1982)	0.99
"Vancomycin is the treatment of choice for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)."	( Antimicrobial resistance patterns in long term geriatric care. Implications for drug therapy. Abrutyn, E; Mao, CA; Siegler, EL, 1996)	1.02
"Both vancomycin- and imipenem-treated group had less inflammation and tissue destruction than control animals, based on the Wilcoxon rank sum test (P < 0.05)."	( Experimental posttraumatic Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis in a swine model. Efficacy of intravitreal ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, and imipenem. Alfaro, DV; Bevin, AA; Hudson, SJ; Laughlin, RM; Mines, M; offele, JJ; Schoderbek, RJ, 1996)	0.96
"Vancomycin-treated patients had a higher complication rate during therapy (p<0.05) and a longer duration in an intensive care unit (p<0.01) than the nafcillin group."	( Retrospective evaluation of therapies for Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. Gentry, CA; Hershow, RC; Naderer, OJ; Novak, RM; Rodvold, KA, )	0.85
"Vancomycin treatment caused a prompt cure."	( Penicillin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis in Israel. Ashkenazi, S; Rachmel, A; Samra, Z; Steinberg, T, 1997)	1.02
"Oral vancomycin treatment after disease induction significantly decreased clinical symptoms of AIA. "	( Oral antibiotics as a novel therapy for arthritis: evidence for a beneficial effect of intestinal Escherichia coli. Akkermans, LM; Cobelens, PM; Fleer, A; Harmsen, W; Heijnen, CJ; Kavelaars, A; Nieuwenhuis, EE; Verhoef, J; Visser, MR, 2000)	0.82
"Vancomycin is the treatment of choice for infections caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococci and for serious gram-positive infections in penicillin-allergic patients."	( Therapeutic considerations for infections caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Rodvold, KA, 1988)	1
"Vancomycin treatment resulted in a cure in 12 episodes (85.7%)."	( Intravenous vancomycin as initial treatment for gram-positive peritonitis in patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis. Avasthi, PS; Leymon, P; Obermiller, LE; Tzamaloukas, AH, 1985)	1.37
"Vancomycin-treated patients had negative toxin (83% vs."	( Antibiotic-associated colitis due to Clostridium difficile: double-blind comparison of vancomycin with bacitracin. Bayley, N; Gordon, D; Hecker, R; Higgins, G; Labrooy, J; McDonald, MI; Trapani, JA; Ward, PB; Young, GP, 1985)	1.21
"Rats treated with vancomycin or neomycin had significantly lower levels of diarrhea than rats treated with neratinib alone. "	( Antibiotic treatment targeting gram negative bacteria prevents neratinib-induced diarrhea in rats. Ball, IA; Bateman, E; Bowen, JM; Keefe, DM; Secombe, KR; Wignall, AD, 2022)	1.06
"Treatment with vancomycin has 30% (0.30. "	( [Application of vancomycin powder on graft. Does the fusion of the rabbits spine is affected?] Cristiani-Winer, M; Guimbard-Pérez, JH; Gutiérrez, N; Nicolás-Ortiz, P; Orosco-Falcone, D; Pomba, M, )	0.83
"Treatment with vancomycin, a Gram-positive bacterium-targeting antibiotic, leads to decreased production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by the gut microbiota."	( Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids regulate IL-17 production by mouse and human intestinal γδ T cells. Agus, A; Da Costa, G; Danne, C; Dupraz, L; Langella, P; Magniez, A; Mayeur, C; Michaudel, C; Michel, ML; Planchais, J; Richard, ML; Rolhion, N; Sokol, H; Spatz, M; Touch, S; Trottein, F, 2021)	0.96
"Mice treated with vancomycin have an altered microbiome and metabolite profile, exhibit exacerbated T helper type 2 cell (Th2) responses, and are more susceptible to allergic lung inflammation."	( Microbiome-driven allergic lung inflammation is ameliorated by short-chain fatty acids. Antignano, F; Cait, A; Cait, J; Dimitriu, PA; Finlay, BB; Hacker, L; Hughes, MR; Maas, KR; McNagny, KM; Mohn, WW; Mohr, J; Reynolds, LA; Zaph, C, 2018)	0.8
"Mice treated with a vancomycin-loaded PMMA spacer had significantly lower levels of inflammatory markers (p < 0.01), preserved tibial bone, and no intra-articular purulence."	( Vancomycin-Loaded Polymethylmethacrylate Spacers Fail to Eradicate Periprosthetic Joint Infection in a Clinically Representative Mouse Model. Bhimani, S; Bostrom, MPG; Carli, AV; de Mesy Bentley, KL; Ross, FP; Yang, X, 2018)	2.24
"Treatment with vancomycin and gentamycin requires strict monitoring of its serum concentration for proper dosage optimization. "	( Insufficient harmonization of antibiotics assays - Polish experience with an external quality assessment program in the years 2011-2018. Bednarczuk, G; Ćwiklińska, A; Fijałkowska, A; Kortas-Stempak, B; Kowalski, R; Lewandowski, K; Lizakowski, M; Pikul, P, 2019)	0.87
"Treatment with vancomycin or Ltx21 was not sufficient to achieve complete bacterial clearance of implants, underlining the difficulties of treating such infections. "	( Efficacy of a synthetic antimicrobial peptidomimetic versus vancomycin in a Staphylococcus epidermidis device-related murine peritonitis model. Cavanagh, JP; Christophersen, L; Flaegstad, T; Fredheim, EA; Granslo, HN; Jensen, PØ; Klingenberg, C; Moser, C; Thomsen, K; Van Gennip, M, 2013)	0.99
"Treatment with vancomycin was initiated and was changed after 4 days to daptomycin due to unsatisfactory clinical progression (6 mg/kg every 48 h, according to renal function and patient's weight) (CK: 2,972 IU/L)."	( Normalization of creatine kinase values in a case of rhabdomyolysis during daptomycin treatment. Berenguer, N; Espona, M; Ferrández, O; Grau, S; Luque, S; Urbina, O, )	0.47
"Treating vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains requires high doses of vancomycin, which might lead to adverse reactions such as nephrotoxicity and "red neck syndrome". "	( Optimization of particle size and encapsulation efficiency of vancomycin nanoparticles by response surface methodology. Ebrahimi, P; Hadianamrei, R; Honary, S, 2014)	1.06
"Treatment with vancomycin appears to be a risk factor for infection or colonization with ESBLKp in the NICU setting."	( Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in the neonatal intensive care unit: does vancomycin play a role? Al-Ahdal, MN; Al-Aska, AI; Al-Khattaf, FS; Al-Qahtani, AA; Al-Thawadi, SI; Alaidan, AA; Alsubaie, SS; Alzamil, FA; BinSaeed, AA; Khalifa, LA; Murray, TS; Somily, AM; Torchyan, AA, 2014)	0.97
"Treatment with vancomycin and gentamicin was started and maintained for 4 weeks with complete resolution of symptoms and no complications or sequelae."	( Sternoclavicular septic arthritis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a patient with a suprapubic catheter. Lérias, G; Moleiro, F; Monteiro, N; Silva, AM, 2015)	0.76
"Treatment with vancomycin resulted in an increased cost of AU$4094 (95% CI: AU$26, AU$8161) compared with nasoduodenal delivery of FMT and AU$4045 (95% CI: -AU$33, AU$8124) compared with colorectal delivery."	( Economic evaluation of fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in Australia. Brain, D; Connelly, LB; Graves, N; Merlo, G, 2016)	0.77
"Treatment with vancomycin prevents disease initially by inhibiting outgrowth of C."	( Disease Progression and Resolution in Rodent Models of Clostridium difficile Infection and Impact of Antitoxin Antibodies and Vancomycin. Black, T; Corbett, D; Flattery, A; Hernandez, LD; Sattar, A; Therien, AG; Thommes, P; Warn, P; Zhang, Z, 2016)	0.98
"Treatment with vancomycin or metronidazole."	( Comparative Effectiveness of Vancomycin and Metronidazole for the Prevention of Recurrence and Death in Patients With Clostridium difficile Infection. Brown, KA; Croft, LD; Glassman, P; Goetz, MB; Greene, T; Jones, MM; Khader, K; Nelson, RE; Neuhauser, M; Rubin, MA; Samore, MH; Schwab-Daugherty, EM; Stevens, VW, 2017)	1.1
"Eyes treated with vancomycin, with or without dexamethasone at 7 days and 14 days expressed significant less inflammation over iris and vitreous than the control group (p<0.05). "	( The efficacy of intravitreal vancomycin and dexamethasone in the treatment of experimental bacillus cereus endophthalmitis. Cheung, BM; Kwok, AK; Liu, F, 2008)	0.97
"The treatment by vancomycin-plus-gentamycin was an independent predictor of BMI increase of >or=10% (adjusted OR, 6.7; 95% CI, 1.37-33.0; p = 0.02), but not treatment with other antibiotics."	( Vancomycin treatment of infective endocarditis is linked with recently acquired obesity. Angelakis, E; Casalta, JP; Habib, G; Raoult, D; Richet, H; Thuny, F, 2010)	2.13
"Treatment with vancomycin is a risk factor for gastrointestinal colonization with ESBL-producing Klebsiella in premature babies."	( Gastrointestinal colonization with ESBL-producing Klebsiella in preterm babies--is vancomycin to blame? Bar-Oz, B; Benenson, S; Braunstein, R; Ergaz, Z; Ofek-Shlomai, N; Peleg, O, 2012)	0.94
"Treatment of vancomycin, ristocetin, and ramoplanin with anhydrous HF results in efficient cleavage of the sugars to provide the corresponding aglycons in high yield."	( A new and improved method for deglycosidation of glycopeptide antibiotics exemplified with vancomycin, ristocetin, and ramoplanin. Boger, DL; Crowley, BM; Jiang, W; McComas, CC; Moss, J; Tang, D; Wanner, J, 2003)	0.89
"Treatment with vancomycin and cefazolin led to clinical improvement, with resolution of corneal infiltrates."	( Unusual anaerobic bacteria in keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis: diagnosis using molecular biology methods. Abad, JL; Alió, JL; Ferrer, C; Rodríguez-Prats, JL, 2004)	0.66
"Treatment with vancomycin was safely instituted for 10 days."	( Vancomycin for multi-drug resistant Enterococcus faecium cholangiohepatitis in a cat. Apley, MD; Fox, LE; Pressel, MA; Simutis, FJ, 2005)	2.11
"Treatment with vancomycin resulted in a 2.7-log reduction in colony-forming unit (CFU) in vegetations for an esp(+)/gel(-) strain, compared with no reduction in CFU for an esp(+)/gel(+) or an esp(-)/gel(-) isolate."	( Enterococcal virulence determinants may be involved in resistance to clinical therapy. Beckius, G; Dib-Hajj, F; Gootz, TD; Kaczmarek, F; Lamb, L; Marra, A; Medina, I; Milici, AJ; Shang, W, 2007)	0.68
"Treatment with vancomycin either by conventional intravenous (i.v.) or continuous i.v."	( Cure of ventriculitis and central nervous system shunt infection by Staphylococcus epidermidis with vancomycin by intraventricular injection in a liver transplant recipient. Blaich, A; Jüttner, E; Pisarski, P; Potthoff, K; Schwabe, M; Waller, CF, 2007)	0.9
"Treatment with vancomycin resulted in rapid clinical cure, but there was a relapse of diarrhoea and reappearance of C."	( Pseudomembranous colitis with recurring diarrhoea and prolonged persistence of Clostridium difficile in a 10-year-old girl. Baer, M; Grönroos, P; Mäki, M; Vesikari, T, 1984)	0.61
"Treatment with vancomycin is effective, but 10% to 15% of patients may experience relapse."	( Diarrhea we can treat: antibiotic-associated colitis. Lamont, JT; Levine, HG, 1982)	0.6
"Treatment with vancomycin hydrochloride was initially successful, but a serious relapse after its discontinuation necessitated low-dose long-term prophylaxis."	( Recurrent pseudomembranous colitis unassociated with prior antibiotic therapy. Bartlett, JG; Moskovitz, M, 1981)	0.6
"Treatment with vancomycin was instituted and resulted in complete recovery."	( Survival after necrotizing enterocolitis of leukemia treated with oral vancomycin. Freeman, HJ; Owen, D; Rabeneck, L, 1981)	0.84
"Treatment with vancomycin eliminates clostridium difficile and its toxin from the stools of patients suffering from PMC and permits clinical and histological recovery."	( [Pseudomembranous entercolitis after antibiotic treatment: vancomycin therapy]. Cox, JN; Eisenhoffer, N; Nusslé, D, 1980)	0.84
"Eyes treated with vancomycin and dexamethasone had significantly less intraocular inflammation and more preservation of retinal tissue than untreated eyes or eyes treated with vancomycin alone (P < .05, Fisher's exact test). "	( Effect of intravitreal dexamethasone in treatment of pneumococcal endophthalmitis in rabbits. Baker, AS; D'Amico, DJ; Park, SS; Ruoff, K; Samiy, N, 1995)	0.63
"Treatment with vancomycin, surgery, and supportive measures contributed to a favorable outcome for four of the five patients."	( Non-urinary tract infections caused by multiply antibiotic-resistant Corynebacterium urealyticum. Ponte, C; Ruiz, P; Soriano, F; Zapardiel, J, 1993)	0.63
"If treatment with vancomycin was delayed for 7 days or more, vancomycin failed to eradicate infection with B."	( In vivo activities of ceftriaxone and vancomycin against Borrelia spp. in the mouse brain and other sites. Barbour, AG; Dever, LL; Jorgensen, JH; Kazragis, RJ, 1996)	0.89
"treated with vancomycin was evaluated through serum concentrations of vancomycin, serum bactericidal titers (SBT), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)."	( Monitoring the treatment of sepsis with vancomycin in term newborn infants. Ceccon, ME; Costa Vaz, FA; Diniz, EM; Feferbaum, R; Machado, JK; Okay, TS, )	0.75
"Treatment with vancomycin reduced S epidermidis adherence."	( Effect of vancomycin on Staphylococcus epidermidis adherence to poly(methyl methacrylate) intraocular lenses. Das, T; Muralidhar, AV; Sharma, S, 2002)	1.06
"Treatment with vancomycin, to which all the clostridia were sensitive, eradicated both toxic species and controlled the diarrhea."	( Pseudomembranous colitis: isolation of two species of cytotoxic clostridia and successful treatment with vancomycin. Badley, BW; Comeau, SA; Faulkner, RS; Hartlen, MR; Marrie, TJ; Miller, HR, 1978)	0.81
"Treatment with vancomycin is indicated until in vitro bactericidal data are available."	( Coryneform bacterial endocarditis: difficulties in diagnosis and treatment, presentation of three cases, and review of literature. Cohen, SN; Geraci, JE; Van Scoy, RE; Washington, JA, 1977)	0.6
"Treatment with vancomycin and aztreonam was associated with a rapid quantitative reduction in faecal colonisation with enterobacteriaceae, whereas there was no quantitative reduction in colonisation with enterobacteriaceae associated with treatment with vancomycin and gentamicin."	( Enterobacteriaceae and neonatal necrotising enterocolitis. Langdale, V; Levene, M; MacKay, P; Martin, C; Millar, MR, 1992)	0.62
"Treatment with vancomycin or vancomycin plus tobramycin when the infection was polymicrobic was effective."	( Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis. Cierny, G; Mader, JT; Pennick, JJ; Sheftel, TG, 1985)	0.61
"Treatment with vancomycin alone was as least as efficient as that with penicillin plus an aminoglycoside, resulting in an average of 3.33 +/- 0.96 log CFU/g of vegetation and sterile lesions in five of eight animals."	( Comparison of penicillin and vancomycin, individually and in combination with gentamicin and amikacin, in the treatment of experimental endocarditis induced by nutritionally variant streptococci. Bouvet, A; Carbon, C; Contrepois, A; Cremieux, AC; Lamesch, C; Vallois, JM, 1985)	0.9

Toxicity

The chief adverse effect of vancomycin is nephrotoxicity, which is also intricately related to its dose. The fixed-dose combination of Ceftriaxone-Vancomycus, is found to be effective in treating various bacterial infections without any toxic effect on liver and kidney.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" These results indicate that whereas a single injection of these combinations is not toxic to aphakic/vitrectomized eyes, repetitive injections may result in increasing toxicity."	( Intravitreal antibiotic therapy with vancomycin and aminoglycoside: examination of the retinal toxicity of repetitive injections after vitreous and lens surgery. D'Amico, DJ; Kwak, HW; Oum, BS; Wong, KW, 1992)	0.56
" Less toxic was netilmicin with penicillin or cephalosporin, and vancomycin."	( Nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides, polypeptides and cephalosporins in cancer patients. Bodnárová, J; Fuchsberger, P; Gocár, M; Koza, I; Krcméry, V; Salát, T; Sobota, R; Svec, J, 1991)	0.52
" As a result there was no significant difference in hearing loss between the controls and the animals treated with 75 and 150 mg V; toxic doses of 300 mg V led to a certain threshold elevation after click stimuli, but not after trapezoid stimuli of 1, 4 and 8 kHz."	( Ototoxicity of vancomycin: an experimental study in guinea pigs. Federspil, P; Hoth, S; Lenarz, T; Lutz, H; Weidauer, H, 1991)	0.63
" One or more adverse events were experienced by 10% of patients."	( A review of the safety profile of teicoplanin. Davey, PG; Williams, AH, 1991)	0.28
" We conclude that daptomycin is safe and protects kidney cells from tobramycin-induced nephrotoxicity."	( Effects of daptomycin and vancomycin on tobramycin nephrotoxicity in rats. Beauchamp, D; Bergeron, MG; Gourde, P; Pellerin, M; Pettigrew, M, 1990)	0.58
" A group that received vancomycin was compared with a control group to determine the incidence of nephrotoxicity secondary to vancomycin therapy alone and in combination with aminoglycosides, to identify possible risk factors associated with nephrotoxicity, and to determine the incidence of other adverse effects associated with vancomycin use."	( Mild nephrotoxicity associated with vancomycin use. Dolezal, JM; Downs, NJ; Hodges, GR; Neihart, RE, 1989)	0.86
" Adequate serum levels were achieved with routine doses in eight mothers tested; no adverse reactions occurred."	( Vancomycin during pregnancy: does it cause hearing loss or nephrotoxicity in the infant? Cabinian, AE; Ostrea, EM; Reyes, MP; Rintelmann, W; Schmitt, C, 1989)	1.72
" LD50 of eremomycin on its intravenous administration to albino mice amounted to 1760 (1460-2130) mg/kg."	( [Preclinical toxicological study of the new antibiotic eremomycin. Its acute toxicity for laboratory animals]. Gol'dberg, LE; Shepelevtseva, NG; Shevniuk, LA; Stepanova, ES; Vertogradova, TP, 1987)	0.27
" Flushing and pruritus (two patients) were only adverse effects noted."	( Vancomycin serum levels and toxicity in chronic hemodialysis patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Francioli, P; Masur, H; Murray, HW; Ruddy, M, 1983)	1.71
" ABK was found less toxic to kidney than VCM, and the toxicity was strengthened by combined treatment with VCM and ABK."	( [A study on nephrotoxicity of arbekacin and vancomycin in rats]. Asaoka, H; Niizato, T; Nishiyama, S; Ohnishi, M; Saito, A, 1994)	0.55
" The adverse effects noted were reversible, and monitoring creatinine and platelet counts during treatment is recommended."	( Safety of vancomycin with or without gentamicin in neonates. Edwards, R; Koren, G; Linder, N; MeClead, R; Mortensen, ME; Walson, P, 1993)	0.69
" Because VCM has the adverse reaction of nephrotoxicity, we are apprehensive about using VCM with other antibiotics, which might increase this problem."	( [Nephrotoxicity and drug interaction of vancomycin (2)]. Nakagawa, Y; Toyoguchi, T, 1996)	0.56
" Meta-analysis of the numbers of adverse events occurring in each treatment group shows significantly fewer reports of adverse events in patients receiving teicoplanin (13."	( The comparative efficacy and safety of teicoplanin and vancomycin. Wood, MJ, 1996)	0.54
" Both VCM and IPM have the adverse reaction of nephrotoxicity, whereas CS restrains the nephrotoxicity of IPM."	( [Nephrotoxicity and drug interaction of vancomycin]. Nakagawa, Y; Toyoguchi, T; Watanabe, H, 1996)	0.56
" The aim of the study was to measure the possible dose-related suppressive effects or elimination by cilastatin of the adverse reactions generated by vancomycin in the kidneys of rabbits."	( Nephrotoxicity of vancomycin and drug interaction study with cilastatin in rabbits. Hosoya, J; Nakagawa, Y; Takahashi, S; Toyoguchi, T; Watanabe, H, 1997)	0.83
" Nine adverse effects were registered in 6 children: eosinophilia in 5 cases, skin rash in 2 cases, and an increase in plasma creatinine in 2 cases."	( Adverse effects of vancomycin in children: a review of 22 cases. Grisi, SJ; Reis, AG, )	0.46
"19 hours) to provide for safe and effective peak and trough cefazolin levels with postdialysis dosing in anuric hemodialysis patients."	( Cefazolin in chronic hemodialysis patients: a safe, effective alternative to vancomycin. Feintzeig, ID; Fogel, MA; Gavin, JP; Hunt, WA; Kim, RC; Nussbaum, PB, 1998)	0.53
" Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in foods have a long history of safe use."	( Demonstration of safety of probiotics -- a review. Birkeland, SE; Brassart, D; Collins, K; de Vos, WM; Fondén, R; Marteau, P; Mattila-Sandholm, T; Mogensen, G; Morelli, L; Salminen, S; Saxelin, M; von Wright, A, 1998)	0.3
"To evaluate the toxic effect of vancomycin on the corneal endothelium related to concentrations of vancomycin."	( Toxicity of vancomycin on corneal endothelium in rabbits. Bjerknes, R; Medin, W; Sandboe, FD, 1998)	0.96
"The toxic effect is assessed with a weighing method that gives a measure of endothelial function."	( Toxicity of vancomycin on corneal endothelium in rabbits. Bjerknes, R; Medin, W; Sandboe, FD, 1998)	0.68
"The economic impact of adverse effects is often understated."	( Economic aspects of antibacterial adverse effects. Beringer, PM; Rho, JP; Wong-Beringer, A, 1998)	0.3
"Although modern preparations of vancomycin are associated with a lower incidence of adverse events than the early preparations, a number of clinically significant problems remain."	( Comparative safety of teicoplanin and vancomycin. Wood, MJ, 2000)	0.86
" However, this drug can cause sever adverse reactions, such as red neck syndrome, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity."	( [Examination of factors affecting efficacy and adverse effect, for the retrospective study of vancomycin hydrochloride (VCM)]. Hirono, S; Kobayashi, H; Orii, T; Tanaka, M, 2001)	0.53
" Other adverse effects include neutropenia, fever, phlebitis, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, thrombocytopenia, interstitial nephritis, lacrimation, linear IgA bullous dermatosis, necrotizing cutaneous vasculitis and toxic epidermal necrolysis."	( Uncommon vancomycin-induced side effects. Baptista, MI; Da Cunha, CA; Kondo, W; Martins, LT; Rocha, JL, 2002)	0.73
"8%) of the 191 episodes of infection, patients experienced one or more adverse events or exhibited one or more abnormal laboratory results; in 35 (18."	( The efficacy and safety of linezolid as treatment for Staphylococcus aureus infections in compassionate use patients who are intolerant of, or who have failed to respond to, vancomycin. Birmingham, MC; Forrest, A; Moise, PA; Schentag, JJ, 2002)	0.51
"Vancomycin is a reliable and safe antibiotic in the treatment of Gram positive infections."	( [Efficacy and nephrotoxicity of vancomycin in the treatment of Gram positive infections]. Chen, DC; Du, B; Liu, DW, 2003)	2.05
" The frequency and distribution of adverse events were similar among both treatment groups."	( The safety and efficacy of daptomycin for the treatment of complicated skin and skin-structure infections. Arbeit, RD; Campanaro, E; Eisenstein, BI; Maki, D; Tally, FP, 2004)	0.32
"The purpose of this study was to assess the systemic safety and potential adverse effects of using a high-dose antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer after resection arthroplasty of an infected total knee replacement."	( Systemic safety of high-dose antibiotic-loaded cement spacers after resection of an infected total knee arthroplasty. Haidukewych, GJ; Hanssen, AD; Jacofsky, DJ; Lee, GC; Osmon, D; Springer, BD, 2004)	0.32
" Contemporary preparations of vancomycin appear much less toxic than earlier formulations."	( Large vancomycin overdose in two premature infants with minimal toxicity. Faix, RG; Miner, LJ, 2004)	1.09
" Adverse events and laboratory abnormalities were generally mild and were comparable for the 2 drugs."	( Efficacy and safety of weekly dalbavancin therapy for catheter-related bloodstream infection caused by gram-positive pathogens. Darouiche, R; Goldstein, B; Hachem, R; Hanna, H; Henkel, T; Lentnek, A; Raad, I; Seltzer, E; Vazquez, J, 2005)	0.33
" Drug-related adverse events for both study drugs were comparable in frequency and type."	( An open-label, randomized study comparing efficacy and safety of intravenous piperacillin/tazobactam and ampicillin/sulbactam for infected diabetic foot ulcers. Boghossian, J; Caputo, W; Dana, A; Gray, S; Harkless, L; Pollak, R; Wu, D, 2005)	0.33
"Although both study drugs provide safe and effective empiric treatment for moderate-to-severe infected diabetic foot ulcers, piperacillin/tazobactam has the advantage of covering Pseudomonas aeruginosa (bacteriologic success rate of 85."	( An open-label, randomized study comparing efficacy and safety of intravenous piperacillin/tazobactam and ampicillin/sulbactam for infected diabetic foot ulcers. Boghossian, J; Caputo, W; Dana, A; Gray, S; Harkless, L; Pollak, R; Wu, D, 2005)	0.33
" All patients were included in the adverse drug reaction analysis; 1,252 were evaluable for purposes of evaluating treatment efficacy."	( Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy for infections with methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Dalovisio, JR; Jiang, X; Tice, AD; Wynn, M, 2005)	0.33
"Vancomycin was associated with a significantly greater number of side effects than was ceftriaxone, cefazolin, or oxacillin, and nafcillin was associated with a significantly greater number of adverse events than ceftriaxone."	( Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy for infections with methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Dalovisio, JR; Jiang, X; Tice, AD; Wynn, M, 2005)	1.77
" Adverse events were similar, with increased nausea and vomiting in the tigecycline group and increased rash and elevated hepatic aminotransferase levels in the vancomycin-aztreonam group."	( The efficacy and safety of tigecycline in the treatment of skin and skin-structure infections: results of 2 double-blind phase 3 comparison studies with vancomycin-aztreonam. Babinchak, T; Dartois, N; Ellis-Grosse, EJ; Loh, E; Rose, G, 2005)	0.72
" Safety was assessed by physical examination, laboratory analyses, and adverse event reporting."	( Efficacy and safety of tigecycline monotherapy compared with vancomycin plus aztreonam in patients with complicated skin and skin structure infections: Results from a phase 3, randomized, double-blind trial. Campos, ME; Curcio, D; Ellis-Grosse, E; Embil, JM; Loh, E; Penn, RL; Rose, G; Sacchidanand, S, 2005)	0.57
" Frequency of adverse events was similar between groups, although patients receiving tigecycline had higher incidence of nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, and anorexia, while increased ALT/SGPT, pruritus, and rash occurred significantly more often in V + A-treated patients."	( Efficacy and safety of tigecycline monotherapy compared with vancomycin plus aztreonam in patients with complicated skin and skin structure infections: Results from a phase 3, randomized, double-blind trial. Campos, ME; Curcio, D; Ellis-Grosse, E; Embil, JM; Loh, E; Penn, RL; Rose, G; Sacchidanand, S, 2005)	0.57
" Safety was assessed by physical examination, laboratory results, and adverse event reporting."	( Safety and efficacy of tigecycline in treatment of skin and skin structure infections: results of a double-blind phase 3 comparison study with vancomycin-aztreonam. Breedt, J; Dartois, N; Ellis-Grosse, EJ; Gardovskis, J; Gioud-Paquet, M; Loh, E; Maritz, FJ; Ross, DP; Teras, J; Vaasna, T, 2005)	0.53
"5% solution was safe and may be useful in horses as treatment for distal limb infections."	( Evaluation of safety and pharmacokinetics of vancomycin after intravenous regional limb perfusion in horses. Andrés, MS; Cruz, AM; López-Sanromán, J; Román, FS; Rubio-Martínez, LM; Santos, M, 2005)	0.59
" Distribution of adverse events, including reported hematologic events, was similar between groups, except that linezolid was associated with fewer drug-related adverse events (52 [17."	( Efficacy and safety of linezolid compared with vancomycin in a randomized, double-blind study of febrile neutropenic patients with cancer. Hartman, CS; Jaksic, B; Leonard, LB; Martinelli, G; Perez-Oteyza, J; Tack, KJ, 2006)	0.59
" This treatment modality does not have any toxic effects to retinal structures and is an alternative method to separate injections of the two antimicrobial agents."	( Retinal toxicity of intraocular vancomycin and ceftazidime in vitrectomized rabbit eyes. Gulecek, O; Sonmez, M; Unal, MH; Yildiz, TF, 2006)	0.62
" Exclusion criteria were: age <18 years, impaired renal function (24-hour creatinine clearance <90 ml/min) or previous adverse reaction to either drug."	( Nephrotoxicity due to combination antibiotic therapy with vancomycin and aminoglycosides in septic critically ill patients. Bergamasco, S; Donadio, C; Malacarne, P, 2006)	0.58
"Concurrent administration of vancomycin and aminoglycosides to critically ill septic patients with normal renal function at baseline induced mainly slight and transient toxic tubular effects."	( Nephrotoxicity due to combination antibiotic therapy with vancomycin and aminoglycosides in septic critically ill patients. Bergamasco, S; Donadio, C; Malacarne, P, 2006)	0.87
" We speculate that amikacin may have reached the macula in a high and toxic concentration in an incompletely vitrectomized eye."	( Presumed macular toxicity of intravitreal antibiotics. Helbig, H; Widmer, S, 2006)	0.33
" In an attempt to prevent high and potentially toxic levels in CSF, the intraventricular dose of vancomycin should be individualized according to clinical response, bacteriological cultures, vancomycin levels in CSF, and surrogate markers of neurotoxicity, that is, eosinophilia and high protein levels in CSF."	( Antimicrobial therapy and local toxicity of intraventricular administration of vancomycin in a neonate with ventriculitis. Caltenco-Serrano, R; Mojica-Madera, JA; Nava-Ocampo, AA; Villanueva-García, D, 2006)	0.78
"5% solution was safe and may be clinically useful in horses."	( Evaluation of safety and pharmacokinetics of vancomycin after intraosseous regional limb perfusion and comparison of results with those obtained after intravenous regional limb perfusion in horses. Cruz, AM; López-Sanromán, J; Rioja, E; Rubio-Martínez, LM; San Román, F; Tendillo, F, 2006)	0.59
"One of the major adverse effects of vancomycin (VAN) is nephrotoxicity, which the mechanism is not fully understood."	( The effect of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid and tempol in prevention of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Ghafghazi, T; Hajhashemi, V; Naghibi, B; Taheri, D; Talebi, A, 2007)	0.85
" Erythropoietin seems to act as an anti-oxidant, diminishing the toxic oxidative effects of VCM on renal tissues."	( Novel evidence suggesting an anti-oxidant property for erythropoietin on vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in a rat model. Aslan, C; Cetin, H; Ciris, M; Oktem, F; Olgar, S; Ozguner, F; Uz, E, 2007)	0.57
"Tigecycline is safe and effective in hospitalized patients with serious infection caused by MRSA."	( Efficacy and safety of tigecycline compared with vancomycin or linezolid for treatment of serious infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or vancomycin-resistant enterococci: a Phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, randomized study. Babinchak, T; Beuran, M; Bochan, M; Cooper, CA; Dartois, N; Dimov, R; Dukart, G; Ellis-Grosse, EJ; Fichev, G; Florescu, I; Gandjini, H; Razbadauskas, A, 2008)	0.6
" The fixed-dose combination of Ceftriaxone-Vancomycin, is found to be effective in treating various bacterial infections without any toxic effect on liver and kidney."	( Efficacy and safety study of fixed-dose combination of ceftriaxone-vancomycin injection in patients with various infections. Chaudhary, M; Sehgal, R; Shrivastava, SM, 2008)	0.84
" Safety was assessed by physical examination, laboratory results and adverse event reporting."	( Overview of tigecycline efficacy and safety in the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections - a European perspective. Cooper, A; Dartois, N; Dukart, G; Gardovskis, J; Jouve, S; Kupcs, U; Pupelis, G; Teras, J; Vaasna, T, 2008)	0.35
" Daptomycin 4 mg/kg once daily appeared to be effective and safe for treating cellulitis or erysipelas."	( The efficacy and safety of daptomycin vs. vancomycin for the treatment of cellulitis and erysipelas. Bernardo, P; Biermann, EJ; Donfrid, B; Eisenstein, BI; Link, AS; Martone, WJ; Pertel, PE, 2009)	0.62
" Adverse events were similar to each drug's established safety profile."	( Efficacy and safety of linezolid versus vancomycin for the treatment of complicated skin and soft-tissue infections proven to be caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Baruch, AM; Bhattacharyya, H; Dryden, MS; Itani, KM; Kunkel, MJ; Weigelt, JA, 2010)	0.63
" An understanding of structure-activity relationships (SARs) of chemicals can make a significant contribution to the identification of potential toxic effects early in the drug development process and aid in avoiding such problems."	( Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity. Fisk, L; Greene, N; Naven, RT; Note, RR; Patel, ML; Pelletier, DJ, 2010)	0.36
" Increasing antimicrobial resistance in cSSSI has led to a need for new safe and effective therapies."	( Integrated analysis of CANVAS 1 and 2: phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ceftaroline versus vancomycin plus aztreonam in complicated skin and skin-structure infection. Baculik, T; Corey, GR; Critchley, I; Das, AF; Friedland, HD; Talbot, GH; Thye, D; Wilcox, M; Witherell, GW, 2010)	0.56
" The rates of adverse events, discontinuations because of an adverse event, serious adverse events, and death also were similar between treatment groups."	( Integrated analysis of CANVAS 1 and 2: phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ceftaroline versus vancomycin plus aztreonam in complicated skin and skin-structure infection. Baculik, T; Corey, GR; Critchley, I; Das, AF; Friedland, HD; Talbot, GH; Thye, D; Wilcox, M; Witherell, GW, 2010)	0.56
" The most common telavancin treatment-emergent adverse events were taste disturbance, nausea, vomiting and foamy urine."	( ATLAS trials: efficacy and safety of telavancin compared with vancomycin for the treatment of skin infections. Barriere, SL, 2010)	0.6
" Equally important is the need to provide therapy that is safe and well tolerated."	( Integrated safety summary of CANVAS 1 and 2 trials: Phase III, randomized, double-blind studies evaluating ceftaroline fosamil for the treatment of patients with complicated skin and skin structure infections. Corrado, ML, 2010)	0.36
" All patients were followed for treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurring from the start of the initial study drug infusion up to the test-of-cure visit, ∼1 week following the last dose of study medication; serious adverse events (SAEs) that occurred within 30 days after the last dose were recorded."	( Integrated safety summary of CANVAS 1 and 2 trials: Phase III, randomized, double-blind studies evaluating ceftaroline fosamil for the treatment of patients with complicated skin and skin structure infections. Corrado, ML, 2010)	0.36
"Tigecycline monotherapy is a safe and effective therapy for cSSSIs in geographically distinct populations in Asia."	( Efficacy and safety of tigecycline monotherapy compared with vancomycin-aztreonam in the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections in patients from India and Taiwan. Aradhya, S; Chang, CM; Chuang, YC; Cooper, A; Dartois, N; Jouve, S; Nagari, B; Pai, V, 2011)	0.61
"PVP-CD was proved safe and demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, healing and degradation properties."	( Safety, healing, and efficacy of vascular prostheses coated with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polymer: experimental in vitro and animal studies. Blanchemain, N; Haulon, S; Hildebrand, HF; Jean-Baptiste, E; Martel, B; Neut, C, 2012)	0.38
" There were no differences in the incidence of death or serious adverse events between the 2 drugs."	( Safety analysis of fidaxomicin in comparison with oral vancomycin for Clostridium difficile infections. Allgren, RL; Sellers, S; Weiss, K, 2012)	0.63
" In conclusion, daptomycin at 6 and 8 mg/kg given for up to 6 weeks was safe and appeared to be effective in managing staphylococcal PJI using a 2-stage revision arthroplasty technique in a total of 49 patients."	( Randomized controlled trial of the safety and efficacy of Daptomycin versus standard-of-care therapy for management of patients with osteomyelitis associated with prosthetic devices undergoing two-stage revision arthroplasty. Anastasiou, D; Byren, I; Campanaro, E; Evans, R; Kuropatkin, G; Rege, S; Yankelev, S, 2012)	0.38
" Daptomycin was generally well tolerated; most adverse events were of mild to moderate severity."	( Efficacy and safety of intravenous daptomycin in Japanese patients with skin and soft tissue infections. Aikawa, N; Kato, Y; Kusachi, S; Mikamo, H; Morita, A; Takesue, Y; Tanaka, Y; Tsumori, K; Watanabe, S; Yoshinari, T, 2013)	0.39
" faecium YF5 can be regarded as a safe strain and it may be used as a probiotic preparation or for microecologics."	( Safety assessment and probiotic evaluation of Enterococcus faecium YF5 isolated from sourdough. Aguilar, ZP; Chen, T; Dong, S; Li, P; Peng, S; Tan, Q; Wang, B; Wei, H; Xu, F; Xu, H, 2013)	0.39
" Any adverse reactions and infections through available follow-up (2-8 mo) were recorded."	( Adjunctive vancomycin powder in pediatric spine surgery is safe. Baldwin, KD; Campbell, RM; Dormans, JP; Flynn, JM; Gans, I; Sankar, WN; Spiegel, DA, 2013)	0.78
" Clinical success, microbiologic success, and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated."	( Impact of weight on treatment efficacy and safety in complicated skin and skin structure infections and nosocomial pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Barreto, JN; Huang, DB; Morrow, LE; Puzniak, LA, 2013)	0.39
" This study of hospitalized patients revealed comparably low frequencies of adverse events potentially related to ST among patients who received linezolid or vancomycin."	( Comparative evaluation of serotonin toxicity among veterans affairs patients receiving linezolid and vancomycin. Lazariu, V; Lodise, TP; McNutt, LA; Patel, N; Rivera, A; Tristani, L; Vandewall, H, 2013)	0.8
" Clinical and microbiological responses and drug-related adverse events were compared between the two treatment groups using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses."	( Multicenter prospective observational study of the comparative efficacy and safety of vancomycin versus teicoplanin in patients with health care-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Choi, HJ; Choi, YJ; Jang, HC; Kang, CI; Kim, ES; Kim, HY; Kim, JY; Kim, MJ; Kim, SI; Kim, SW; Kim, YS; Lee, CS; Lee, MS; Lee, SS; Park, DW; Peck, KR; Ryu, SY; Sohn, JW; Yang, KS; Yoon, YK, 2014)	0.63
" The purpose of this study was to compare antimicrobial adverse event rates and associated healthcare interventions and healthcare utilization in patients treated with the two antimicrobials."	( Adverse events, healthcare interventions and healthcare utilization during home infusion therapy with daptomycin and vancomycin: a propensity score-matched cohort study. Gordon, SM; Mason, P; Neuner, E; Nutter, B; O'Rourke, C; Rehm, SJ; Shrestha, NK, 2014)	0.61
" Adverse event, healthcare intervention and healthcare utilization rates during OPAT were compared in the matched cohort using negative binomial regression models."	( Adverse events, healthcare interventions and healthcare utilization during home infusion therapy with daptomycin and vancomycin: a propensity score-matched cohort study. Gordon, SM; Mason, P; Neuner, E; Nutter, B; O'Rourke, C; Rehm, SJ; Shrestha, NK, 2014)	0.61
"Patients receiving daptomycin at home have 60% fewer antimicrobial adverse events and require 80% fewer antimicrobial interventions than similar patients receiving vancomycin."	( Adverse events, healthcare interventions and healthcare utilization during home infusion therapy with daptomycin and vancomycin: a propensity score-matched cohort study. Gordon, SM; Mason, P; Neuner, E; Nutter, B; O'Rourke, C; Rehm, SJ; Shrestha, NK, 2014)	0.81
" Myelosuppression and monoamine oxidase inhibition (MAOI) are key independent causes for limiting adverse effects in therapy with the sole approved drug of this class, linezolid."	( New potent antibacterial oxazolidinone (MRX-I) with an improved class safety profile. Gordeev, MF; Yuan, ZY, 2014)	0.4
" Data are needed to determine whether higher vancomycin dosing strategies are more effective in geriatric patients and/or lead to excessive rates of adverse events."	( Impact of empiric weight-based vancomycin dosing on nephrotoxicity and mortality in geriatric patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Alvarez, CA; Bedimo, RJ; Bell, T; Blaszczyk, AT; Brouse, SD; Forcade, NA; Frei, CR; Giuliano, CA; Hall, RG; Mortensen, EM; Thompson, KA, 2014)	0.95
"Peripheral intravenous therapy is frequently used in routine hospital practice and, due to various factors, its most common side effect is phlebitis."	( Influence of vancomycin infusion methods on endothelial cell toxicity. Barthélémy, C; Chai, F; Debaene, B; Décaudin, B; Drouet, M; Lebuffe, G; Odou, P, 2015)	0.79
" It highlights available intracameral antibiotics with respect to pharmacology, spectrum of activity, dosage and preparation, safety, and efficacy profiles, as well as toxic anterior segment syndrome risks to better define the potential use of these medications in the prevention of endophthalmitis."	( Intracameral antibiotics: Safety, efficacy, and preparation. Braga-Mele, R; Chang, DF; Henderson, BA; Mamalis, N; Talley-Rostov, A; Vasavada, A, 2014)	0.4
" LFF571 was generally safe and well tolerated."	( Multicenter, randomized clinical trial to compare the safety and efficacy of LFF571 and vancomycin for Clostridium difficile infections. Blais, J; Bressler, A; Buitrago, M; Dabovic, K; Lee, C; Leeds, JA; Mullane, K; Pertel, P; Praestgaard, J; Weiss, K, 2015)	0.64
" Dose recommendations, dilution rates and types of infusion are controversial and also result in toxic effects."	( The use of vancomycin with its therapeutic and adverse effects: a review. Azzalis, LA; Bacci, MR; Bruniera, FR; Campos Junqueira, VB; da Luz Gonçalves Pedreira, M; Feder, D; Ferreira, FM; Fonseca, FL; Saviolli, LR; Sorgini Peterlini, MA, 2015)	0.81
"The main adverse effects of vancomycin are: hypotension, phlebitis, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, hypersensitivity reactions, red man syndrome, neutropenia, chills, fever, interstitial nephritis."	( The use of vancomycin with its therapeutic and adverse effects: a review. Azzalis, LA; Bacci, MR; Bruniera, FR; Campos Junqueira, VB; da Luz Gonçalves Pedreira, M; Feder, D; Ferreira, FM; Fonseca, FL; Saviolli, LR; Sorgini Peterlini, MA, 2015)	1.1
" Therefore, further studies should be conducted to optimize the administration of vancomycin, monitoring treatments from the beginning in order to ensure a safe and effective use of the drug."	( The use of vancomycin with its therapeutic and adverse effects: a review. Azzalis, LA; Bacci, MR; Bruniera, FR; Campos Junqueira, VB; da Luz Gonçalves Pedreira, M; Feder, D; Ferreira, FM; Fonseca, FL; Saviolli, LR; Sorgini Peterlini, MA, 2015)	1.03
" The chief adverse effect of vancomycin is nephrotoxicity, which is also intricately related to its dose."	( Glycopeptide antibiotics: evolving resistance, pharmacology and adverse event profile. Henson, KE; Levine, DP; Levine, MT; Wong, EA, 2015)	0.71
" Pseudoporphyria, a dermatologic condition mimicking porphyria cutanea tarda, has been described as an adverse effect of voriconazole use."	( Phototoxicity, Pseudoporphyria, and Photo-onycholysis Due to Voriconazole in a Pediatric Patient With Leukemia and Invasive Aspergillosis. Boyd, AS; Di Pentima, MC; Willis, ZI, 2015)	0.42
" In the in vivo tests, the blood concentration of vancomycin after implantation of V-BHA/PAA was measured at far below its toxic concentration (60 mg/L), and the function and histomorphology of the liver and kidney were all normal."	( Biosafety of the Novel Vancomycin-loaded Bone-like Hydroxyapatite/Poly-amino Acid Bony Scaffold. Cao, ZD; Jiang, DM; Wu, J; Yan, L, 2016)	1
"Vancomycin, a widely used antibiotic, often induces nephrotoxicity, however, the molecular targets and underlying mechanisms of this side effect remain unclear."	( A SILAC-Based Approach Elicits the Proteomic Responses to Vancomycin-Associated Nephrotoxicity in Human Proximal Tubule Epithelial HK-2 Cells. Li, ZL; Zhou, SF, 2016)	2.12
" The incidence of adverse reactions was similar in the two groups[50."	( [A comparison of efficacy and safety of linezolid versus vancomycin for the treatment of infections in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]. Chen, H; Chen, Y; Han, W; Huang, X; Liu, D; Liu, K; Tian, J; Wang, F; Wang, Y; Xu, L; Xu, Z; Yan, C; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y, 2016)	0.68
" aureus after mandibular reconstruction with autogenous bone graft, and to draw attention to the importance of this clinically rare adverse effect."	( Vancomycin-induced thrombocytopenia: a rare adverse effect in a patient -submitted to bone graft in the jaw. Cuman, RK; Danieletto, CF; Farah, GJ; Ferreira, GZ, 2017)	1.9
" Safety assessments were treatment-emergent adverse events, and the effectiveness of treatment was assessed by clinical and microbiologic outcomes."	( A Multicenter, Randomized, Observer-blinded, Active-controlled Study Evaluating the Safety and Effectiveness of Ceftaroline Compared With Ceftriaxone Plus Vancomycin in Pediatric Patients With Complicated Community-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia. Blumer, JL; Bradley, JS; Cannavino, C; Friedland, HD; Ghonghadze, T; Jandourek, A; O'Neal, T, 2016)	0.63
" At least one treatment-emergent adverse event was experienced by 12/30 patients (40%) in the ceftaroline fosamil group and 8/10 (80%) in the comparator group; most treatment-emergent adverse events in both groups were mild to moderate in intensity."	( A Multicenter, Randomized, Observer-blinded, Active-controlled Study Evaluating the Safety and Effectiveness of Ceftaroline Compared With Ceftriaxone Plus Vancomycin in Pediatric Patients With Complicated Community-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia. Blumer, JL; Bradley, JS; Cannavino, C; Friedland, HD; Ghonghadze, T; Jandourek, A; O'Neal, T, 2016)	0.63
"Many adverse drug reactions are caused by the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent activation of drugs into reactive metabolites."	( Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships. Jones, LH; Nadanaciva, S; Rana, P; Will, Y, 2016)	0.43
" There were no adverse effects detected."	( A review of the application of vancomycin powder to posterior spinal fusion wounds with a focus on side effects and infection. A prospective study. Byrne, F; Curtin, M; Jadaan, M; Murphy, EP; Rahall, E; Shafqat, A, 2017)	0.74
"Neurotoxicity is a side effect of acyclovir."	( Resolution of acyclovir-associated neurotoxicity with the aid of improved clearance estimates using a Bayesian approach: A case report and review of the literature. Angarone, MP; Echenique, IA; Rhodes, NJ; Scheetz, MH; Watson, WA, 2017)	0.46
" Ridinilazole was well tolerated, with an adverse event profile similar to that of vancomycin: 82% (41 of 50) of participants reported adverse events in the ridinilazole group and 80% (40 of 50) in the vancomycin group."	( Efficacy and safety of ridinilazole compared with vancomycin for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, non-inferiority study. Deck, K; Gerding, DN; Hazan, S; Lucasti, C; Maliakkal, B; Nathan, R; Pesant, Y; Pullman, J; Roblin, D; Tejura, B; Tillotson, GS; Vickers, RJ; Wilcox, MH; Yacyshyn, B, 2017)	0.93
" However, there are minimal reports on the predictors of adverse drug reactions."	( Usefulness of a decision tree model for the analysis of adverse drug reactions: Evaluation of a risk prediction model of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity constructed using a data mining procedure. Imai, S; Iseki, K; Kasashi, K; Kobayashi, M; Yamada, T, 2017)	0.66
"This study suggests the usefulness of DT models for the evaluation of adverse drug reactions."	( Usefulness of a decision tree model for the analysis of adverse drug reactions: Evaluation of a risk prediction model of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity constructed using a data mining procedure. Imai, S; Iseki, K; Kasashi, K; Kobayashi, M; Yamada, T, 2017)	0.66
" The adverse event profile of both iclaprim dosing regimens was similar to that of vancomycin."	( A Phase II Randomized, Double-blind, Multicenter Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Iclaprim Versus Vancomycin for the Treatment of Nosocomial Pneumonia Suspected or Confirmed to be Due to Gram-positive Pathogens. Corey, GR; Dryden, M; File, TM; Hadvary, P; Huang, DB; Shorr, AF; Torres, A; Wilcox, MH, 2017)	0.89
" Frequency of treatment-emergent adverse events in the delafloxacin and vancomycin/aztreonam groups was similar."	( Efficacy and safety of delafloxacin compared with vancomycin plus aztreonam for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections: a Phase 3, double-blind, randomized study. Cammarata, S; Farley, B; Gardovskis, J; Lawrence, L; Ling, R; Pullman, J; Quintas, M; Sun, E, 2017)	0.94
" Iclaprim was well tolerated in the study, with most adverse events categorized as mild."	( A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Iclaprim Vs Vancomycin for the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections Suspected or Confirmed to be Due to Gram-Positive Path Amin, F; Corey, GR; Dryden, M; File, TM; Heller, B; Holland, TL; Huang, DB; McLeroth, P; O'Riordan, W; Overcash, JS; Shukla, R; Torres, A; Wilcox, MH, 2018)	0.69
" Based on these results, iclaprim appears to be an efficacious and safe treatment for ABSSSI suspected or confirmed to be due to gram-positive pathogens."	( A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Iclaprim Vs Vancomycin for the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections Suspected or Confirmed to be Due to Gram-Positive Path Amin, F; Corey, GR; Dryden, M; File, TM; Heller, B; Holland, TL; Huang, DB; McLeroth, P; O'Riordan, W; Overcash, JS; Shukla, R; Torres, A; Wilcox, MH, 2018)	0.69
"Current practice methods are unclear as to the most safe and effective prophylactic pharmacotherapy and method of delivery to reduce postoperative endophthalmitis occurrence."	( Comparative analysis of the safety and efficacy of intracameral cefuroxime, moxifloxacin and vancomycin at the end of cataract surgery: a meta-analysis. Ambati, BK; Bardsley, T; Bondalapati, S; Bowen, RC; Evans, PR; Greene, T; Kliethermes, M; Lawyer, TW; Mamalis, CA; McFarland, M; Rudnisky, CJ; Shi, D; Snow, KB; Zhou, AX, 2018)	0.7
" Although rare, vancomycin was associated with toxic retinal events."	( Comparative analysis of the safety and efficacy of intracameral cefuroxime, moxifloxacin and vancomycin at the end of cataract surgery: a meta-analysis. Ambati, BK; Bardsley, T; Bondalapati, S; Bowen, RC; Evans, PR; Greene, T; Kliethermes, M; Lawyer, TW; Mamalis, CA; McFarland, M; Rudnisky, CJ; Shi, D; Snow, KB; Zhou, AX, 2018)	1.05
" Frequency of treatment-emergent adverse events between the groups was similar."	( A Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Followed by Oral Delafloxacin With Vancomycin Plus Aztreonam for the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections: A Phase 3, Multinational, Double-Blind, Randomized Study. Cammarata, S; Cruz-Saldariagga, M; Lawrence, L; Liang, S; McManus, A; O'Riordan, W; Poromanski, I; Quintas, M; Teras, J, 2018)	0.7
"Iclaprim is a novel diaminopyrimidine antibiotic that may be an effective and safe treatment for serious skin infections."	( A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study To Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Iclaprim versus Vancomycin for Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections Suspected or Confirmed To Be Due to Gram-Positive Path Borghei, A; Corey, GR; Dryden, M; File, TM; Holland, TL; Huang, DB; Lodise, T; McLeroth, P; McManus, A; O'Riordan, W; Oguri, T; Shin, E; Shukla, R; Torres, A; Wilcox, MH, 2018)	0.69
" Iclaprim and vancomycin were comparable for the incidence of mostly mild adverse events, except for a higher incidence of elevated serum creatinine with vancomycin (n = 7) compared with iclaprim (n = 0)."	( Pooled analysis of the phase 3 REVIVE trials: randomised, double-blind studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of iclaprim versus vancomycin for treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections. Balser, B; Corey, GR; Desplats, E; Dryden, M; File, TM; Holland, TL; Huang, DB; Lodise, T; O'Riordan, W; Torres, A; Wilcox, MH, 2018)	1.05
" Investigation items were as follows; sex, age, gestational age, birth weight, body weight, duration of treatment, Apgar score, laboratory data, rate of patients with blood transfusion, serum levels of vancomycin, disease type, concomitant medications, clinical isolates, adverse effects during antimicrobial treatment, antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated Gram-positive bacteria."	( Comparative study on safety of linezolid and vancomycin in the treatment of infants and neonates for Gram-positive bacterial infections. Asai, N; Hagihara, M; Kato, H; Koizumi, Y; Matsuura, K; Mikamo, H; Nishiyama, N; Shibata, Y; Suematsu, H; Yamagishi, Y, 2018)	0.93
" Any adverse events during antimicrobial treatment were admitted in linezolid 46."	( Comparative study on safety of linezolid and vancomycin in the treatment of infants and neonates for Gram-positive bacterial infections. Asai, N; Hagihara, M; Kato, H; Koizumi, Y; Matsuura, K; Mikamo, H; Nishiyama, N; Shibata, Y; Suematsu, H; Yamagishi, Y, 2018)	0.74
"Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is a safe and effective alternative to prolonged inpatient stays for patients requiring long-term intravenous antimicrobials, but antimicrobial-associated adverse events remain a significant challenge."	( A retrospective analysis of adverse events among patients receiving daptomycin versus vancomycin during outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy. Branch-Elliman, W; LaSalvia, MT; Schrank, GM; Wright, SB, 2018)	0.7
" Adverse event incidences and profiles were similar for both treatments."	( Efficacy and safety of fidaxomicin for the treatment of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection in a randomized, double-blind, comparative Phase III study in Japan. Gamo, K; Hashimoto, A; Kato, K; Kusachi, S; Mikamo, H; Miki, T; Oizumi, Y; Takesue, Y; Tateda, K; Toyoshima, J; Yanagihara, K, 2018)	0.48
" We investigated whether increasing the vancomycin concentration would result in better clinical outcomes with sustainable adverse effects (AEs) in the Chinese population."	( A Prospective Multicenter Clinical Observational Study on Vancomycin Efficiency and Safety With Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Chang, C; Fan, Y; Fu, F; Hang, J; Huang, Q; Huang, W; Li, H; Liang, X; Lin, Q; Lu, G; Luo, X; Ren, H; Shen, B; Shen, L; Shi, Y; Song, X; Tao, J; Wang, R; Wen, X; Wu, J; Wu, S; Yang, M; Yu, J; Yuan, Q; Zhang, F; Zhang, H; Zhang, J; Zhang, Z, 2018)	0.99
" Here, the authors report the incidence of adverse events, the degree of systemic vancomycin absorption in treated patients, and pattern changes of antibiotic-resistant profiles of Staphylococcus aureus flora among patients enrolled during the 1st year."	( Topical vancomycin for neurosurgery wound prophylaxis: an interim report of a randomized clinical trial on drug safety in a diverse neurosurgical population. Bagiella, E; Christophe, BR; Connolly, ES; Knopman, J; Lowy, FD; Martinez, MA; Pucci, JU; Radwanski, RE; Rothbaum, M, 2018)	1.14
" No adverse responses to treatment have been reported to date."	( Topical vancomycin for neurosurgery wound prophylaxis: an interim report of a randomized clinical trial on drug safety in a diverse neurosurgical population. Bagiella, E; Christophe, BR; Connolly, ES; Knopman, J; Lowy, FD; Martinez, MA; Pucci, JU; Radwanski, RE; Rothbaum, M, 2018)	0.92
"The authors' data indicate that the use of topical vancomycin is safe with no significant adverse effects and minimal systemic absorption, and no development of vancomycin-resistant microorganisms."	( Topical vancomycin for neurosurgery wound prophylaxis: an interim report of a randomized clinical trial on drug safety in a diverse neurosurgical population. Bagiella, E; Christophe, BR; Connolly, ES; Knopman, J; Lowy, FD; Martinez, MA; Pucci, JU; Radwanski, RE; Rothbaum, M, 2018)	1.17
" The safety profile was assessed based on adverse events and laboratory parameters."	( A Pooled Analysis of the Safety and Efficacy of Iclaprim Versus Vancomycin for the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections in Patients With Intravenous Drug Use: Phase 3 REVIVE Studies. Balser, B; Corey, GR; Huang, DB; Noviello, S; Scaramucci, A, 2019)	0.75
"Arbekacin can be considered as safe and effective alternative to vancomycin in the management of MRSA infections."	( A Multicentre, Open label, Randomized, Comparative, Parallel Group, Active-controlled, Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Arbekacin Sulphate Injection versus Vancomycin Injection in Patients Diagnosed with MRSA Infection. Agarwal, R; Agrawal, RP; Basu, I; Bhalla, H; Bs, M; Das, C; Deb, AK; Dube, A; Kurlekar, U; Padhye, D; Pawar, R; Shahavi, V; Singh, RM; Srivastava, A; Srivastava, P, 2018)	0.91
" Time to attain an effective trough concentration, clinical efficacy and adverse events were compared between the two groups."	( Comparative efficacy and safety of vancomycin versus teicoplanin in febrile neutropenic patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Harada, S; Kato-Hayashi, H; Kitagawa, J; Matsumoto, T; Niwa, T; Ohata, K; Suzuki, A; Tsurumi, H, 2019)	0.79
"5 mg/dL or ≥50% increasing from the baseline), other adverse events (including pruritus, flushing, rash, and/or red man syndrome), and mortality were analyzed."	( The clinical efficacy and safety of vancomycin loading dose: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cai, Y; Che, H; Mei, H; Wang, J; Wang, R, 2019)	0.79
" No significant difference was noted between loading dose group and control group in terms of other adverse events and clinical response (OR = 1."	( The clinical efficacy and safety of vancomycin loading dose: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cai, Y; Che, H; Mei, H; Wang, J; Wang, R, 2019)	0.79
" However, well-designed large-scale RCTs remain needed to validate the clinical efficacy of vancomycin loading dose and to further evaluate other adverse reactions and mortality."	( The clinical efficacy and safety of vancomycin loading dose: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cai, Y; Che, H; Mei, H; Wang, J; Wang, R, 2019)	1.01
" However, renal damage often occurs as a side effect because vancomycin is mainly excreted via the kidneys."	( High-Dose Vitamin C Preadministration Reduces Vancomycin-Associated Nephrotoxicity in Mice. Arai, T; Ishigami, A; Ishii, T; Kitano, T; Lee, J; Matsumoto, S; Mori, Y; Takigawa, M; Takino, Y; Tanaka, H; Yatsu, T, 2019)	1.01
" Safety assessments included treatment-emergent adverse events."	( Safety and Efficacy of Fidaxomicin and Vancomycin in Children and Adolescents with Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile Infection: A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Single-blind Clinical Trial (SUNSHINE). Bosis, S; Bradford, D; Croos-Dabrera, R; Fortuny, C; Incera, E; Kalocsai, K; Korczowski, B; Lazar, S; Melis, J; Petit, A; van Maanen, R; Wolf, J, 2020)	0.83
" The proportion of participants with treatment-emergent adverse events was similar with fidaxomicin (73."	( Safety and Efficacy of Fidaxomicin and Vancomycin in Children and Adolescents with Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile Infection: A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Single-blind Clinical Trial (SUNSHINE). Bosis, S; Bradford, D; Croos-Dabrera, R; Fortuny, C; Incera, E; Kalocsai, K; Korczowski, B; Lazar, S; Melis, J; Petit, A; van Maanen, R; Wolf, J, 2020)	0.83
" When vancomycin is used in critically ill patients, VC can be used in combination to reduce or avoid drug-induced renal injury, improve curative effect and reduce toxic effects."	( [High dose vitamin C significantly reduces the nephrotoxicity of vancomycin in critically ill patients]. Bian, X; Chen, E; He, J; Jing, F; Mao, E; Xu, W; Zhao, B, 2020)	1.28
" Initially, TDM was developed to minimize adverse effects during use of narrow therapeutic index agents."	( Towards precision medicine: Therapeutic drug monitoring-guided dosing of vancomycin and β-lactam antibiotics to maximize effectiveness and minimize toxicity. Cusumano, JA; Huttner, A; Klinker, KP; LaPlante, KL; Luther, MK; Roberts, JA, 2020)	0.79
" Due to wide PK/PD variability in these populations, TDM is vital to maximize antimicrobial effectiveness and decrease adverse event rates."	( Towards precision medicine: Therapeutic drug monitoring-guided dosing of vancomycin and β-lactam antibiotics to maximize effectiveness and minimize toxicity. Cusumano, JA; Huttner, A; Klinker, KP; LaPlante, KL; Luther, MK; Roberts, JA, 2020)	0.79
" The antioxidant and anti-apoptotic potential of Silybum marianum is used along with vancomycin to reduce adverse effects on the kidney."	( Silybum marianum (milk thistle) improves vancomycin induced nephrotoxicity by downregulating apoptosis. Ashraf, S; Ijaz, F; Malkani, N; Mumtaz, S; Naeem, A; Sohail, MI, 2020)	1.05
"Local application of VCM may not be as safe as was once believed and may lead to a related anaphylaxis."	( Circulatory collapse during wound closure in spine surgery with an unknown cause: a possible adverse effect of topical application of vancomycin? Guo, X; Li, M; Zhai, W; Zhang, X, 2021)	0.82
" From October 2018, we prospectively reviewed adverse events with cefazolin."	( Safety of administering cefazolin versus other antibiotics in penicillin-allergic patients for surgical prophylaxis at a major Canadian teaching hospital. Grant, JM; Lau, TTY; Mak, R; Masri, BA; Meikle, AT; Partovi, N; Shajari, S; Song, WHC, 2021)	0.62
"00), or adverse events (P = ."	( Safety of administering cefazolin versus other antibiotics in penicillin-allergic patients for surgical prophylaxis at a major Canadian teaching hospital. Grant, JM; Lau, TTY; Mak, R; Masri, BA; Meikle, AT; Partovi, N; Shajari, S; Song, WHC, 2021)	0.62
"It may be necessary to increase the dose for these patients with severe renal dysfunction while implementing a VCM loading dose and monitoring trough concentrations and adverse effects."	( Safety of vancomycin in patients with moderate and severe renal dysfunction. Awaya, M; Ikeda, H; Kusunoki, Y; Sasaki, T; Suzuki, A; Tanaka, H; Tanaka, N; Tanaka, S; Tomura, K; Watanabe, T; Yamauchi, R, 2021)	1.02
"Nephrotoxicity is a rather frequent side effect of vancomycin treatment."	( Vancomycin Nephrotoxicity Causing Renal Transplant Acute Kidney Injury. Hebert, S; Tantranont, N; Truong, LD, 2021)	2.32
"Efficacy and safety profiles of both dalbavancin and oritavancin were the same as vancomycin in the treatment of gram-positive bacterial infections in different clinical settings, while telavancin might be an effective alternative to vancomycin in MRSA infections, but caution is required during its clinical use due to the high risk of adverse events, especially nephrotoxicity."	( Efficacy and safety of novel glycopeptides versus vancomycin for the treatment of gram-positive bacterial infections including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Abdi, A; Basgut, B; Jame, W, 2021)	1.1
"Nafcillin can be a safe alternative to vancomycin for empirical therapy of LOS among NICU infants who do not have a history of methicillin-resistant S aureus infection or colonization."	( Safety and Efficacy of Nafcillin for Empiric Therapy of Late-Onset Sepsis in the NICU. Conroy, S; Magers, J; Prusakov, P; Sánchez, PJ; Speaks, S, 2022)	0.99
" Commonly used topical concentrations of povidone-iodine, vancomycin, and bacitracin are toxic to human chondrocytes ex vivo."	( Ex Vivo Toxicity of Commonly Used Topical Antiseptics and Antibiotics on Human Chondrocytes. Canavan, HE; Decker, M; Elghazali, NA; Garbrecht, E; Hill, DA; Nguyen, PAH; Packard, B; Salas, C, )	0.38
" This study investigated the reporting risk of AKI associated with antibacterials using the individual case safety reports (ICSRs) submitted to the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database."	( Antibacterial-associated acute kidney injury among older adults: A post-marketing surveillance study using the FDA adverse events reporting system. Chinzowu, T; Chyou, TY; Nishtala, PS, 2022)	0.72
" To err on the side of caution, it appears that antibiotic dose below 3 g per cement batch might be relatively safe until more evidence surfaces."	( Nephrotoxicity Related to Antibiotic-Loaded Spacers in a 2-Stage Revision for Periprosthetic Joint Infection. Benito, J; Corces, A; Higuera, CA; Judd, H; Pannu, TS; Villa, JM, 2023)	0.91
" Initially, the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) was used to evaluate the relationship between VAN and mortality using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)."	( Non-recovery of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity is related to worsening survival outcomes: Combined retrospective analyses of two real-world databases. Asada, M; Azuma, M; Bando, T; Chuma, M; Goda, M; Hamano, H; Ishida, S; Ishizawa, K; Izawa-Ishizawa, Y; Izumi, Y; Kasamo, S; Kondo, M; Miyata, K; Niimura, T; Okada, N; Takechi, K; Tasaki, Y; Yagi, K; Yanagawa, H; Yoshioka, T; Zamami, Y, 2022)	1.07
"We explored the adverse drug reaction signals of drug-induced neutropenia (DIN) and drug-induced agranulocytosis (DIA) in hospitalized patients and evaluated the novelty of these correlations."	( Detection of drug safety signal of drug-induced neutropenia and agranulocytosis in all-aged patients using electronic medical records. Liu, A; Sun, C; Xiang, Y; Yuan, Y; Zhao, L, 2023)	0.91
" No perioperative adverse reactions or complications occurred from this treatment method."	( Efficacy and safety of vancomycin-loaded calcium sulfate versus conventional surgical debridement for pediatric acute osteomyelitis: a retrospective study. Cheng, W; Guo, Z; Ji, Z; Liu, F; Sun, K; Wang, B; Yao, M, 2022)	1.03
" The primary outcome was time to nephrotoxicity with continuous versus intermittent infusion vancomycin while on OPAT; additional outcomes included time to any vancomycin-associated adverse event, time to 60-day death or readmission, and time to 60-day emergency department encounter."	( Patient safety outcomes for continuous infusion vancomycin as outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy. Benefield, RJ; Certain, LK; McDonald, J; Newman, M; Tritle, B, 2023)	1.39
"Vancomycin (VCM)-induced nephrotoxicity (VIN) is a major side effect in paediatric patients."	( Risk Factor Analysis of Vancomycin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Paediatric Patients Aged 0-1 Year Using Japanese Medical Database. Imai, S; Kashiwagi, H; Miyai, T; Nashimoto, S; Sato, Y; Sugawara, M; Takekuma, Y, 2023)	2.66
"To determine whether the therapeutic drug levels and adverse events (AEs) associated with renally cleared medications were higher in patients with cancer whose eGFRcys was more than 30% lower than their eGFRcr."	( Medication-Related Adverse Events and Discordancies in Cystatin C-Based vs Serum Creatinine-Based Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients With Cancer. Gupta, S; Hanna, PE; Harden, D; Katz-Agranov, N; Leaf, DE; Moreno, D; Ouyang, T; Reynolds, KL; Seethapathy, H; Sise, ME; Strohbehn, IA; Wang, Q, 2023)	0.91
"5 mEq/L), (3) baclofen toxic effect, and (4) supratherapeutic digoxin level (>2."	( Medication-Related Adverse Events and Discordancies in Cystatin C-Based vs Serum Creatinine-Based Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients With Cancer. Gupta, S; Hanna, PE; Harden, D; Katz-Agranov, N; Leaf, DE; Moreno, D; Ouyang, T; Reynolds, KL; Seethapathy, H; Sise, ME; Strohbehn, IA; Wang, Q, 2023)	0.91
"07), baclofen toxic effects (5 of 19 [26%] vs 0 of 11; P = ."	( Medication-Related Adverse Events and Discordancies in Cystatin C-Based vs Serum Creatinine-Based Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients With Cancer. Gupta, S; Hanna, PE; Harden, D; Katz-Agranov, N; Leaf, DE; Moreno, D; Ouyang, T; Reynolds, KL; Seethapathy, H; Sise, ME; Strohbehn, IA; Wang, Q, 2023)	0.91
" We report 11 successes and no severe adverse drug reactions."	( Safety and Efficacy of Ceftaroline in Neonates With Staphylococcal Late-onset Sepsis: A Case Series Analysis. Butin, M; Callies, A; Crémet, L; Flamant, C; Gély, L; Gregoire, M; Guillouzouic, A; Launay, E; Martin-Perceval, L; Prot-Labarthe, S; Ruellan, AL; Verdier, MC, 2023)	0.91
" Clinical and microbiological responses, adverse events, relapse rate and mortality were considered."	( Efficacy and safety of vancomycin for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cai, Y; Xu, J; Yang, T; Yin, H; Zhang, G; Zhang, N, 2023)	1.22
"The efficacy of vancomycin in treating Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia is still excellent but slightly inferior in adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of vancomycin for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cai, Y; Xu, J; Yang, T; Yin, H; Zhang, G; Zhang, N, 2023)	1.57

Pharmacokinetics

After a single 1-g intravenous dose of vancomycin, the mean peak concentration in the serum of 29 anephric patients was 48. In this thesis pharmacodynamic parameters have been studied after brief exposure of gram-positive bacteria to daptomycin, imipenem or vancomYcin.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" In this thesis pharmacodynamic parameters have been studied after brief exposure of gram-positive bacteria to daptomycin, imipenem or vancomycin and after short exposure of gram-negative bacteria to amikacin, ampicillin, aztreonam, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, imipenem, mecillinam, or piperacillin."	( Pharmacodynamic effects of antibiotics. Studies on bacterial morphology, initial killing, postantibiotic effect and effective regrowth time. Hanberger, H, 1992)	0.49
"To determine appropriate doses of ciprofloxacin and vancomycin for septic patients with acute renal failure (ARF) treated by continuous arteriovenous and venovenous haemodialysis, (CAVHD/CVVHD), we performed pharmacokinetic studies in patients receiving these antibiotics."	( Pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin and vancomycin in patients with acute renal failure treated by continuous haemodialysis. Azadian, BS; Brown, EA; Davies, SP; Kox, WJ, 1992)	0.81
" The serum pharmacokinetics of vancomycin and teicoplanin are highly different, teicoplanin having a longer elimination half-life (40 hours versus 6-8 hours for vancomycin), but a higher degree of protein binding (90% versus 55%)."	( [A comparative microbiological and pharmacokinetic activity of vancomycin and teicoplanin]. Barre, J; Cohen, R; Varon, E, 1992)	0.81
"To prospectively determine the pharmacokinetic profile of vancomycin in anuric patients with acute renal failure who are receiving continuous venovenous hemofiltration."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in acute renal failure: preservation of nonrenal clearance. Macias, WL; Mueller, BA; Scarim, SK, 1991)	1.97
" A mono-compartment model was used to calculated pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in patients undergoing hemodialysis with polyacrylonitrile. Cano, M; Cao, C; Fernandez, E; Montoliu, J; Rivas, MC; Torras, J, 1991)	0.6
" To evaluate the impact of protein on daptomycin activity, a two-chamber in vitro pharmacodynamic model was used to study and compare the interaction between Staphylococcus aureus (clinical isolate) and either daptomycin or vancomycin, each in the presence and absence of physiologic human albumin concentrations."	( Assessment of effects of protein binding on daptomycin and vancomycin killing of Staphylococcus aureus by using an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. Garrison, MW; Larson, TA; Rotschafer, JC; Toscano, JP; Vance-Bryan, K, 1990)	0.71
" Vancomycin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured, and derivation of pharmacokinetic parameters allowed tailoring of dosing."	( Instillation of vancomycin into a cerebrospinal fluid reservoir to clear infection: pharmacokinetic considerations. Amodio, M; Einzig, AI; Halevy, R; Hirsch, BE; Soeiro, R, 1991)	1.54
"A method is described to predict the efficacy of antibiotics at changing concentrations in vitro or in an experimental thigh infection in granulocytopenic mice from the activity at constant concentrations in vitro, using pharmacokinetic parameters."	( A predictive parameter of antibacterial efficacy in vivo, based on efficacy in vitro and pharmacokinetics. Mattie, H, 1990)	0.28
"The glycopeptide antibiotics teicoplanin and vancomycin differ in their pharmacokinetic properties."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of glycopeptide antibiotics, and the influence of teicoplanin on granulocyte function. Boeckh, M; Borner, K; Gaffal, H; Höffken, G; Koeppe, P; Kühn, M; Lode, H, 1990)	0.54
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived by noncompartmental analysis."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in burn patients and intravenous drug abusers. Albrecht, LM; Berman, JR; Rybak, MJ; Svensson, CK; Warbasse, LH, 1990)	1.72
"Clinical and pharmacokinetic studies on aztreonam (AZT) were performed in neonates."	( [Clinical and pharmacokinetic studies on aztreonam in neonates]. Abe, T; Fujii, R; Hashira, S; Meguro, H; Tajima, T, 1990)	0.28
" Using individualized pharmacokinetic determinations, the regimens were revised as necessary to provide optimal blood levels."	( Pharmacokinetic monitoring of nephrotoxic antibiotics in surgical intensive care patients. Crotchett, J; Fischer, RP; Miller-Crotchett, P; Reed, RL; Wu, AH, 1989)	0.28
" Vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by fitting the data to a two-compartment model using a weighted least-squares nonlinear regression method."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in infants: relationship to postconceptional age and serum creatinine. Folli, HL; Gabriel, MH; Kildoo, CW; Lin, LM; Modanlou, HD, 1989)	2.63
" When the patient was treated with intravenous vancomycin for staphylococcal bacteremia, the serum vancomycin half-life was found to decrease by more than 90% during each course of hemodialysis."	( Enhanced clearance of vancomycin by hemodialysis in a child. Chevalier, RL; Cummings, R; Gomez, RA; Rogol, AD; Schoumacher, R; Spyker, DA, 1989)	0.85
" Initial estimates of pharmacokinetic values were made using nonlinear iterative least squares regression and serum concentration-time data."	( Simulation of vancomycin peak and trough concentrations using five dosing methods in 37 patients. Blum, RA; Crossley, KB; Fischer, JH; Riff, LJ; Rodvold, KA; Rotschafer, JC; Zokufa, HZ, 1989)	0.64
" In general, as the pI decreased, the clearance, urinary recovery, and volume of distribution decreased, whereas the half-life increased."	( Charge and lipophilicity govern the pharmacokinetics of glycopeptide antibiotics. Mico, BA; Nisbet, LJ; Pitkin, DH; Sitrin, RD, 1986)	0.27
" Vancomycin had a shorter half-life (5."	( Comparison of pharmacokinetics and bactericidal activity of teicoplanin and vancomycin. Dodion, P; Klastersky, J; Lagast, H, 1986)	1.41
" The pharmacokinetic behaviour of teicoplanin in 23 dialysis patients was studied."	( Teicoplanin in patients with chronic renal failure on dialysis: microbiological and pharmacokinetic aspects. Baillod, R; Brumfitt, W; Grady, D; Hamilton-Miller, JM; Neville, LO, 1987)	0.27
" Pharmacokinetic values were determined after the first and last doses."	( Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered vancomycin in dogs. Brown, SA; Zaghlol, HA, 1988)	0.51
" Pharmacokinetic data were obtained from five patients while receiving iv ciprofloxacin and after conversion to the oral form of the drug."	( A clinical, microbiological and pharmacokinetic study of ciprofloxacin plus vancomycin as initial therapy of febrile episodes in neutropenic patients. Farrell, ID; Geddes, AM; Leyland, MJ; Smith, GM, 1988)	0.5
"The pharmacokinetic characteristics of vancomycin were investigated in eight patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis."	( Comparative study of intraperitoneal and intravenous vancomycin pharmacokinetics during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Apicella, MA; Farolino, DF; Morse, GD; Walshe, JJ, 1987)	0.79
"A pharmacokinetic comparison of the two recommended dosages of vancomycin given as multiple doses has not been previously performed."	( Comparison of steady-state pharmacokinetics of two dosage regimens of vancomycin in normal volunteers. Comstock, TJ; Garson, ML; Healy, DP; Polk, RE; Rock, DT, 1987)	0.75
" Multiple doses of charcoal did not have a statistically significant effect on any pharmacokinetic parameter for vancomycin."	( Effect of orally administered activated charcoal on vancomycin clearance. Davis, RL; Koup, JR; Roon, RA; Smith, AL, 1987)	0.73
"The pharmacokinetic disposition of vancomycin and ciprofloxacin was assessed in rabbits before the efficacy of these compounds in experimental staphylococcal endocarditis was compared."	( Altered pharmacokinetic disposition of ciprofloxacin and vancomycin after single and multiple doses in rabbits. Barriere, SL; Fekety, R; Kaatz, GW; Schaberg, DR, 1987)	0.8
" This study examines the pharmacokinetic parameters of intravenous vancomycin when employed in the therapy of peritonitis."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients with peritonitis. Dalton, HP; Harford, AM; Polk, RE; Poynor, W; Sica, DA; Tartaglione, T, 1986)	1.95
" This review addresses the clinical pharmacokinetic aspects of drug therapy in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis and considers: the efficiency of the peritoneal membrane as a dialysing membrane; the effects of peritoneal dialysis on the pharmacokinetics of drugs; the pharmacokinetic models and estimation methods for peritoneal dialysis clearance and the effects of peritoneal dialysis on drug elimination; the influence of the pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs on drug dialysability; and the application of pharmacokinetic principles to the adjustment of drug dosage regimens in peritoneal dialysis patients."	( Drug therapy in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Clinical pharmacokinetic considerations. Cornish, WR; Hardy, BG; Manuel, MA; Paton, TW, )	0.13
" By relating the dose of a drug to a serum concentration under known conditions, pharmacokinetic values may be calculated to assess the validity of the measured serum concentration."	( Why read a pharmacokinetic article? Banner, W, 1986)	0.27
"Twenty vancomycin pharmacokinetic studies were performed on 17 small infants who were receiving the antibiotic for treatment of documented infections."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in small, seriously ill infants. Fortune, KP; Keenan, WJ; Naqvi, SH; Reichley, RM, 1986)	2.17
" The actual vancomycin maintenance dose needed to sustain an average steady-state vancomycin concentration of 15 mg/L was determined based on individual pharmacokinetic values."	( Evaluation of the vancomycin-clearance:creatinine-clearance relationship for predicting vancomycin dosage. Boike, SC; Kovarik, JM; Matzke, GR; Rybak, MJ, )	0.84
" Early pharmacokinetic studies utilized patients being treated with IPD."	( The pharmacokinetics of antibiotics used to treat peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis. Johnson, CA; Rogge, M; Zimmerman, SW, 1984)	0.27
" Factors contributing to the transport of solutes through the peritoneal membrane are discussed and the literature concerning the pharmacokinetic aspects of CAPD is reviewed."	( Pharmacokinetic aspects during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a literature review. Janknegt, R; Koks, CH, 1984)	0.27
"07 (mean +/- standard deviation) liters/kg with a beta half-life of 90."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Blevins, RD; Halstenson, CE; Matzke, GR; Salem, NG, 1984)	0.59
" The mean terminal half-life and volume of distribution values were significantly different between the two groups."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in normal and morbidly obese subjects. Bauer, LA; Blouin, RA; Griffen, WO; Miller, DD; Record, KE, 1982)	1.71
" Distribution is consistent with a three-compartment open pharmacokinetic model."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in normal subjects and in patients with reduced renal function. Greenblatt, DJ; Krogstad, DJ; Moellering, RC, )	0.45
"After a single 1-g intravenous dose of vancomycin, the mean peak concentration in the serum of 29 anephric patients was 48."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in anuria. Cunha, BA; Deglin, JM; Izard, MW; Nightingale, CH; Quintiliani, R, )	0.72
"We prospectively studied the pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin in premature neonates given vancomycin according to a dosage protocol developed in our neonatal unit."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics and dosing in premature neonates. Levine, M; Ling, EW; McDougal, A, 1995)	1.98
" aureus (MRSA) 67 were evaluated in an in vitro pharmacodynamic infected fibrin clot model."	( Pharmacodynamics of RP 59500 alone and in combination with vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro-infected fibrin clot model. Kang, SL; Rybak, MJ, 1995)	0.53
"To describe the pharmacokinetic profile of aztreonam and vancomycin hydrochloride in a clinically relevant experimental model of hemorrhagic shock and trauma."	( Antibiotic pharmacokinetics following fluid resuscitation from traumatic shock. Boucher, BA; Croce, MA; Fabian, TC; McKindley, DS; Proctor, KG, 1995)	0.54
" Additionally, there are important pharmacokinetic considerations for the optimal use of antibacterial agents in the treatment of osteomyelitis."	( Local antibacterial therapy for the management of orthopaedic infections. Pharmacokinetic considerations. Galloway, KP; Henry, SL, 1995)	0.29
" Since both of these factors may be altered in certain populations, dosage methodologies (both traditional and Bayesian) that use population- or patient-specific pharmacokinetic data perform better than standard nomograms for initiating vancomycin therapy."	( Pharmacokinetic optimisation of vancomycin therapy. Castiglia, M; Chandler, MH; Leader, WG, 1995)	0.76
"We adapted an in vitro pharmacodynamic model of infection to incorporate simulated endocardial vegetations."	( Bactericidal activities of teicoplanin, vancomycin, and gentamicin alone and in combination against Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model of endocarditis. Kaatz, GW; Kang, SL; McGrath, BJ; Rybak, MJ, 1994)	0.56
" The pharmacokinetic study was done at the first V administration: 1000 mg V were injected as a 1-h infusion."	( Pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin for therapeutic regimens in neutropenic adult patients. Harousseau, JL; Kergueris, MF; Le Normand, Y; Milpied, N, 1994)	0.58
" In contrast, tazobactam administered with piperacillin achieved higher plasma concentrations and had a longer half-life than tazobactam administered alone."	( Pharmacokinetic characteristics of piperacillin/tazobactam. Kinzig, M; Sörgel, F, 1994)	0.29
"To determine population pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin in neonates."	( Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in neonates. Brundage, RC; Edgren, BE; Jensen, PD; Schilling, CG; Seay, RE, 1994)	0.82
" One- and two-compartment population pharmacokinetic parameters and predictive performance of the models were measured."	( Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in neonates. Brundage, RC; Edgren, BE; Jensen, PD; Schilling, CG; Seay, RE, 1994)	0.57
" Therefore, knowledge of the impact of continuous haemofiltration on drug elimination and the pharmacokinetic profile of drugs is essential to good clinical management."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics during continuous haemofiltration. Bressolle, F; de la Coussaye, JE; Eledjam, JJ; Galtier, M; Kinowski, JM; Wynn, N, 1994)	0.29
"The bactericidal activities of arbekacin (ABK), vancomycin (VCM), gentamicin (GM) and netilmicin (NTL) in mixed culture with Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were examined using an in vitro computer programmed pharmacokinetic simulation system and also the protective effect of these agents on systemic infection in neutropenic mice was examined."	( [Evaluation of bactericidal activity of arbekacin in mixed culture with MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an in vitro pharmacokinetic simulation system]. Goto, S; Sugano, T; Takada, T; Takase, Y; Tsuji, A; Yamaguchi, K; Yoshida, T, 1994)	0.54
" Positive pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug allows introduction of the antibiotic 1-2 times daily."	( [The clinico-bacteriological and pharmacokinetic evaluation of vancomycin in clinical practice]. Orlov, VA; Shenderovich, VA; Sokolova, VI; Troshina, EV, 1993)	0.53
" High-flux dialysers were not used in the conventional dosage group but for 30 percent of the procedures in the modified dosage group, where the vancomycin one week average elimination half-life was 66 hours (+/- 18) and the volume of distribution 50 litres (+/- 5)."	( Vancomycin dosing in haemodialysis patients and Bayesian estimate of individual pharmacokinetic parameters. Borner, K; Erdmann, K; Giehl, M; Hörstensmeyer, C; Keller, F; Looby, M; Pommer, W, 1994)	1.93
"We evaluated the predictive performance of two commercial computer programs (Abbott and Simkin) for pharmacokinetic dosing of vancomycin in 50 critically ill patients, 40 with hematologic malignancies and 10 in intensive care."	( Individualizing vancomycin dosing regimens: an evaluation of two pharmacokinetic dosing programs in critically ill patients. Domínguez-Gil, A; Fernández de Gatta, MM; Fruns, I, )	0.68
" Gastric intubation of a single dose (10 g) of activated charcoal to normal rabbits did not produce a statistically significant effect on any pharmacokinetic parameter for vancomycin."	( Effect of oral activated charcoal on vancomycin clearance in rabbits with acute renal failure. al-Dardiri, MM; el-Sayed, YM; Niazy, EM; Tawfik, AF, 1993)	0.75
"Limited data have been published that compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin in elderly versus young patients."	( Comparison of vancomycin pharmacokinetics in hospitalized elderly and young patients using a Bayesian forecaster. Gilliland, S; Guay, DR; Rodvold, K; Rotschafer, J; Vance-Bryan, K, 1993)	0.87
" In these patients, the elimination half-life is almost constant, involving a following injection of vancomycin 12 h later to achieve effective concentrations."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin during continuous hemodiafiltration. Beaucaire, G; Beuscart, C; Georges, H; Guery, B; Leroy, O; Santré, C; Simon, M, 1993)	0.83
" Steady-state serum concentrations of AG and vancomycin (more than four half-lives) were obtained and kinetic parameters (Ke, Vd) were calculated using first-order pharmacokinetic equations."	( Correlation of aminoglycoside and vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters. Cooper, BE; Wragge, TM, 1993)	0.82
"The pharmacokinetic disposition of minocycline and vancomycin was studied in New Zealand White rabbits before initiating an experimental staphylococcal endocarditis protocol."	( Pharmacokinetics of minocycline and vancomycin in rabbits. Freeman, CD; Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Quintiliani, R, 1993)	0.81
" For the above penicillins pharmacokinetic data are scarce, and clinical experience is limited."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antistaphylococcal antibiotics in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Keller, E, 1993)	0.29
" Detailed analysis showed differences in various pharmacokinetic parameters based on arterial and venous data."	( Arterial and venous blood samplings in pharmacokinetic studies: vancomycin in rabbits. Lee, MG; Lee, MH; Shin, WG, 1993)	0.52
"Few data exist concerning the effect of obesity on the pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin."	( Effect of obesity on vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters as determined by using a Bayesian forecasting technique. Gilliland, SS; Guay, DR; Rodvold, KA; Rotschafer, JC; Vance-Bryan, K, 1993)	0.83
"To evaluate the frequency with which current loading and maintenance vancomycin dosages achieve target serum concentrations based on pharmacokinetic parameters obtained after the initial dose."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in neonates and infants: a retrospective evaluation. Asbury, WH; Buffington, DE; Capers, CC; Darsey, EH; Murphy, JE; Rose, WB, 1993)	1.96
" Vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using a one-compartment model."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in neonates and infants: a retrospective evaluation. Asbury, WH; Buffington, DE; Capers, CC; Darsey, EH; Murphy, JE; Rose, WB, 1993)	2.64
"10 years) using a two-compartment Bayesian pharmacokinetic program."	( Influence of malignancy on the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in infants and children. Chang, D, 1995)	0.54
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of total body clearance (CL), distribution volume (V), elimination rate constant (k) and elimination half-life (t1/2) were calculated from two steady-state vancomycin serum concentrations by the method of Sawchuk and Zaske."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in spinal cord injured patients: a comparison with age-matched, able-bodied controls. Davis, RL; Lavezo, LA, 1995)	1.93
" Extrapolated peak concentration (Cmax), trough concentration (Cmin), apparent volume of distribution (Vd), elimination half-life (t1/2el) and clearance (CL) were determined for each patient."	( Changes in vancomycin pharmacokinetics in critically ill infants. Dance, MD; Gous, AG; Lipman, J; Luyt, DK; Mathivha, R; Scribante, J, 1995)	0.68
" Proper use of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles can result in more effective and less toxic antimicrobial regimens."	( Pharmacodynamics of antimicrobial therapy in surgery. Bohnen, JM; DiPiro, JT; Edmiston, CE, 1996)	0.29
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated after fitting individual concentration-time curves to a two-compartment model."	( Effects of slowly performed daytime hemodialysis (slow HD) on the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in hemodynamically unstable patients with renal failure. Fujita, H; Ikeda, Y; Ishii, M; Kihara, M; Takagi, N; Tamura, K; Umemura, S; Yabana, M, 1996)	0.52
" Estimates of vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained for both models in 22 hematologically malignant patients on vancomycin treatment using two serum concentrations and a bayesian algorithm."	( Influence of pharmacokinetic model on vancomycin peak concentration targets. Calvo, MV; Dominguez-Gil, A; Fernandez de Gatta, MM; Fruns, I; Lanao, JM, 1996)	0.93
" Statistical differences between the two periods were observed for all pharmacokinetic parameters, except for the steady-state distribution volume."	( Changes in vancomycin pharmacokinetics during treatment. Lopez, R; Pascual, C; Pou, L; Rosell, M, 1996)	0.68
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by fitting the data to a two compartment model."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in critically ill infants undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Amaker, RD; Bhatia, J; DiPiro, JT, 1996)	0.62
" Multicompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were best described by a two-compartment model."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in adult cystic fibrosis patients. Knowles, MR; Michalets, EL; Pleasants, RA; Rehm, JR; Samuelson, WM; Williams, DM, 1996)	0.62
"Using a nonprogrammed calculator to solve lengthy pharmacokinetic equations is time consuming and carries the potential for entry error."	( Clinical pharmacokinetic pearls: bolus versus infusion equations. Murphy, JE; Winter, ME, )	0.13
"We compared the pharmacodynamic activities of levofloxacin versus vancomycin, with or without rifampin, in an in vitro model with infected platelet-fibrin clots simulating vegetations."	( Pharmacodynamics of once- or twice-daily levofloxacin versus vancomycin, with or without rifampin, against Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro model with infected platelet-fibrin clots. Palmer, SM; Rybak, MJ, 1996)	0.77
"To obtain the reliable pharmacokinetic quantities necessary for the adjustment of individual drug dosages, the pharmacokinetic data in the literature must be analysed by various appropriate statistical methods."	( Statistical analysis of heterogeneous pharmacokinetic data from the literature. Frankewitsch, T; Keller, F; Simon, S; Zellner, D, 1996)	0.29
" No strong correlation was seen between any of the pharmacokinetic and biochemistry parameters studied."	( Influence of biochemical parameters of liver function on vancomycin pharmacokinetics. García, L; Martí, R; Pascual, C; Pou, L; Rosell, M, 1996)	0.54
" The same total dose of netilmicin was administered as once-daily (24-micrograms/ml peaks) and thrice-daily (8 micrograms/ml) regimens in a pharmacodynamic in vitro model simulating exposure of Enterococcus faecalis to human serum kinetics."	( Once-versus thrice-daily netilmicin combined with amoxicillin, penicillin, or vancomycin against Enterococcus faecalis in a pharmacodynamic in vitro model. Blaser, J; Schwank, S, 1996)	0.52
" The volumes of distribution were considerably important in these granulocytopenic children and there was a large inter and intra-patient variability; the elimination half-life of the amikacin was short (1."	( [Clinical, pharmacokinetic and therapeutic study of amikacin with single daily dose and in combination in neutropenic children with fever]. Aulagner, G; Barbé, G; Bertrand, Y; Bréant, V; Dürr, F; Nakache, C; Vray, C, 1996)	0.29
"The objective of the present study was to analyze the pharmacokinetic behavior of vancomycin in neonates of postconceptional age < or = 32 weeks (n = 44)."	( [Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in neonates of postconceptional age less than or equal to 32 weeks]. Altirriba Valls, O; Demestre Guasch, X; Farré Riba, R; Ginovart Galiana, G; Lopes Santos, AP; Mangues Bafalluy, MA, 1996)	0.84
"The pharmacodynamic effects of amikacin, imipenem, ofloxacin, rifampin, and vancomycin were studied on the slime-producing, oxacillin-resistant strain Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984 growing in Mueller Hinton broth or, in order to inhibit growth, incubated in phosphate-buffered saline."	( Pharmacodynamic effects of antibiotics and antibiotic combinations on growing and nongrowing Staphylococcus epidermidis cells. Hanberger, H; Nilsson, LE; Svensson, E, 1997)	0.53
" VCM pharmacokinetic parameters and predicted serum VCM concentrations were calculated using this new method and the ordinary one according to the one-compartment model."	( [Bayesian forecasting of plasma vancomycin concentration using time-dependent pharmacokinetics]. Goto, N; Kimura, Y; Masada, M; Nakamura, T; Wakaki, N, 1996)	0.58
"A general method of Bayesian forecasting employing the dynamic linear model has been adapted to the problem of estimating individual pharmacokinetic parameters."	( A Bayesian formulation of the Kalman filter applied to the estimation of individual pharmacokinetic parameters. Botsman, K; Smith, JD; Tickle, K, 1997)	0.3
"The increased use of vancomycin in neonatal and paediatric patients has prompted numerous pharmacokinetic studies and the development of many empirical administration methods."	( Pharmacokinetics and administration regimens of vancomycin in neonates, infants and children. Everett, JA; Kraus, DM; Pryka, RD; Rodvold, KA, 1997)	0.87
"To use optimal sampling theory to determine the fewest vancomycin concentrations required and the appropriate sampling times to calculate vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters in neonates."	( Evaluation of a sparse sampling strategy for determining vancomycin pharmacokinetics in preterm neonates: application of optimal sampling theory. Burstein, AH; Forrest, A; Gal, P, 1997)	0.79
" Pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were used for determination of optimal sampling times for two-, three-, and four-sample strategies with subsequent generation of two-, three-, and four-sample concentration data for 100 cases."	( Evaluation of a sparse sampling strategy for determining vancomycin pharmacokinetics in preterm neonates: application of optimal sampling theory. Burstein, AH; Forrest, A; Gal, P, 1997)	0.54
" Among the pharmacokinetic parameters analyzed at the ED50s, the most constant parameter was the time for which the drug concentration exceeded the MIC (T(>MIC)) when each drug was considered separately; however, when both drugs were considered together, the maximum concentration of drug in serum (Cmax) varied the least."	( Activities of vancomycin and teicoplanin against penicillin-resistant pneumococci in vitro and in vivo and correlation to pharmacokinetic parameters in the mouse peritonitis model. Espersen, F; Frimodt-Møller, N; Fuursted, K; Knudsen, JD, 1997)	0.66
"We compared the pharmacodynamic activities of vancomycin with or without gentamicin in an in vitro infection model with methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected fibrin-platelet clots."	( Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin alone and in combination with gentamicin at various dosing intervals against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected fibrin-platelet clots in an in vitro infection model. Houlihan, HH; Mercier, RC; Rybak, MJ, 1997)	0.88
" The predictions were made by using (i) the implemented population pharmacokinetic parameters (IPPP), and (ii) the Bayesian method (BM)."	( Predictions of serum vancomycin concentrations by means of six different equations for calculation of creatinine clearance. Furlanut, M; Wu, G, 1997)	0.62
"Population pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin (VCM) in Japanese adult patients infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were estimated using 1253 items of serum concentration data from 190 patients obtained in routine drug monitoring."	( Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in Japanese adult patients. Hori, R; Iga, T; Oguma, T; Okumura, K; Yano, Y; Yasuhara, M; Zenda, H, 1998)	0.85
" The individual pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a one-compartment model for two blood vancomycin samples."	( Pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin in steady state in pediatric cancer patients. Ben Arush, MW; Krivoy, N; Peleg, S; Postovsky, S, )	0.64
" Dosage schedules vary with pharmacokinetic factors (e."	( Community-based parenteral anti-infective therapy (CoPAT). Pharmacokinetic and monitoring issues. Raymond, JL; Williams, DN, 1998)	0.3
"We have studied the mechanical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of an industrially-prepared bone cement containing 3 g of vancomycin per 60 g cement."	( Pharmacokinetics, uses, and limitations of vancomycin-loaded bone cement. Chohfi, M; Cormier, M; Fourastier, J; Langlais, F; Minet, J; Thomazeau, H, 1998)	0.77
" A number of studies have described the pharmacodynamic properties of this drug, but most have investigated only staphylococci or streptococci."	( Pharmacodynamic analysis of the activity of quinupristin-dalfopristin against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium with differing MBCs via time-kill-curve and postantibiotic effect methods. Aeschlimann, JR; Rybak, MJ, 1998)	0.53
"Although previous studies have shown that vancomycin has a complicated pharmacokinetic profile requiring description using a two- or, better, three-compartment model, until recently predictions of serum vancomycin concentrations have been mainly based on one- or two-compartment models using computer software packages."	( Prediction of serum vancomycin concentrations using one-, two- and three-compartment models with implemented population pharmacokinetic parameters and with the Bayesian method. Furlanut, M; Wu, G, 1998)	0.89
" We studied the activity of quinupristin-dalfopristin against two clinical strains of VREF (12311 and 12366) in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model with simulated endocardial vegetations (SEVs) to determine the potential for resistance selection and possible strategies for prevention."	( Treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium with RP 59500 (quinupristin-dalfopristin) administered by intermittent or continuous infusion, alone or in combination with doxycycline, in an in vitro pharmacodynamic infection model with simulated e Aeschlimann, JR; Rybak, MJ; Zervos, MJ, 1998)	0.67
" An open-label, retrospective study was conducted to determine dosing strategies in all neonates who received vancomycin during ECMO and compare pharmacokinetic values with those of matched controls not receiving ECMO."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in neonates receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Buck, ML, )	1.79
"For the adjustment of individual vancomycin dosages, we estimate the important pharmacokinetic quantities half-life, clearance, and volume of distribution."	( Synthesis of pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin via bootstrap methods. Frankewitsch, T; Keller, F; Zellner, D, 1998)	0.84
"Once the whole of the data had been stratified into a small number of homogeneous clusters based on cofactors, different (robust) estimators (mean, median, Winsorized, and trimmed mean) were calculated for the expected value of the pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin within the clusters."	( Synthesis of pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin via bootstrap methods. Frankewitsch, T; Keller, F; Zellner, D, 1998)	0.74
"The population pharmacokinetic profile of vancomycin (VCM) in Japanese pediatric patients infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was analyzed using 181 samples of serum concentration data from 49 patients obtained in routine drug monitoring."	( Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in Japanese pediatric patients. Hori, R; Iga, T; Oguma, T; Okumura, K; Yano, Y; Yasuhara, M; Zenda, H, 1998)	0.85
" Results indicate that pharmacokinetic parameters change in pathological conditions, which may help establish better treatment guidelines for endophthalmitis."	( Pharmacokinetics of intravitreal vancomycin in normal and infected rabbit eyes. Coco, RM; López, MI; Nozal, MJ; Pastor, JC, 1998)	0.58
"The pharmacodynamics of an investigational glycopeptide, LY333328 (LY), alone and in combination with gentamicin, against one vancomycin-susceptible and two vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains were studied with a multiple-dose, in vitro pharmacodynamic model (PDM)."	( Synergy of an investigational glycopeptide, LY333328, with once-daily gentamicin against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in a multiple-dose, in vitro pharmacodynamic model. Booker, B; Hoban, DJ; Karlowsky, JA; Laing, N; Zelenitsky, SA; Zhanel, GG, 1999)	0.73
"At Latrobe Area Hospital, a 300-bed teaching-community hospital, a unique pharmacokinetic program is in place that permits the pharmacist to initiate and adjust an aminoglycoside or vancomycin regimen and schedule serum drug concentrations and renal function lab tests without contacting a physician for verbal approval."	( Setting up an automatic pharmacist-initiated pharmacokinetic dosing service. Ament, PW; McGuire, WM, 1993)	0.48
" There was a modest inverse correlation between blood loss and intraoperative serum half-life of vancomycin."	( No influence of large volume blood loss on serum vancomycin concentrations during orthopedic procedures. DiPersio, D; Haas, DW; Klekamp, JW, 1999)	0.78
" A two-fold increase in elimination half-life was found."	( Non steady state and steady state PKS Bayesian forecasting and vancomycin pharmacokinetics in ICU adult patients. Feuillu, A; Kérebel, C; Le Bouquin, V; Le Corre, P; Le Verge, R; Mallédant, Y; Polard, E; Trout, H, 1999)	0.54
"Following the observation that 66% of neonatal vancomycin trough concentrations were outside the target range, new dose guidelines were developed using a population pharmacokinetic approach."	( Pharmacokinetics and dose requirements of vancomycin in neonates. Grimsley, C; Thomson, AH, 1999)	0.82
" After two doses of 250 mg, serum and ultrafiltrate samples were collected for pharmacokinetic evaluation."	( Vancomycin clearance during continuous venovenous haemofiltration in critically ill patients. Blankestijn, PJ; Boereboom, FT; Savelkoul, TJ; van Dijk, A; Ververs, FF, 1999)	1.75
" The following pharmacokinetic data were obtained: apparent volume of distribution (Vd) 55."	( Vancomycin clearance during continuous venovenous haemofiltration in critically ill patients. Blankestijn, PJ; Boereboom, FT; Savelkoul, TJ; van Dijk, A; Ververs, FF, 1999)	1.75
"The objectives of this study were to (i) construct a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model able to describe vancomycin (VAN) concentrations in serum in pediatric patients, (ii) determine VAN PK parameters in this population, and (iii) validate the predictive ability of this model in a naive pediatric population."	( A population pharmacokinetic model for vancomycin in pediatric patients and its predictive value in a naive population. Ducharme, MP; Lamarre, P; Lebel, D, 2000)	0.79
" The pharmacokinetic properties of ziracin, ceftriaxone, and vancomycin were estimated following intravenous administration of a single dose of 30 mg/kg to immunocompetent mice."	( In vivo activity and pharmacokinetics of ziracin (SCH27899), a new long-acting everninomicin antibiotic, in a murine model of penicillin-susceptible or penicillin-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia. Beauchamp, D; Bergeron, MG; Bergeron, Y; Simard, M; Wang, E, 2000)	0.55
" It has not yet been possible to conclude which one or more of the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameters are the most important and best predictors for the effects of treatment with glycopeptides in animal models or in humans."	( Pharmacodynamics of glycopeptides in the mouse peritonitis model of Streptococcus pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus infection. Espersen, F; Frimodt-Moller, N; Fuursted, K; Knudsen, JD; Raber, S, 2000)	0.31
" Vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters did not differ from those obtained with conventional dosing."	( Cerebrospinal fluid penetration and pharmacokinetics of vancomycin administered by continuous infusion to mechanically ventilated patients in an intensive care unit. Albanèse, J; Ayem, ML; Bruguerolle, B; Lacarelle, B; Léone, M; Martin, C, 2000)	1.46
" Vancomycin data were analyzed according to a one-compartment open model with use of NONMEM population pharmacokinetic software."	( Vancomycin population pharmacokinetics in neonates. de Hoog, M; Mouton, JW; Schoemaker, RC; van den Anker, JN, 2000)	2.66
"Obesity is associated with physiological changes that can alter the pharmacokinetic parameters of many drugs."	( Dosage adjustments for antibacterials in obese patients: applying clinical pharmacokinetics. Bearden, DT; Rodvold, KA, 2000)	0.31
" A population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using the global two-stage method."	( Effects of hepatic function on vancomycin pharmacokinetics in patients with cancer. Aldaz, A; Brugarolas, A; Giráldez, J; Idoate, A; Ortega, A, 2000)	0.59
"As clinicians acquire experience with the clinical and pharmacokinetic behavior of a drug, it is usually optimal to record this experience in the form of a population pharmacokinetic model, and then to relate the behavior of the model to the clinical effects of the drug or to a linked pharmacodynamic model."	( Population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics modeling: parametric and nonparametric methods. Jelliffe, R; Schumitzky, A; Van Guilder, M, 2000)	0.31
"We compared the pharmacodynamic activities of vancomycin and ampicillin with or without gentamicin once daily or thrice daily in an in vitro infection model with fibrin-platelet clots (FPCs) infected with Enterococcus faecalis."	( Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin and ampicillin alone and in combination with gentamicin once daily or thrice daily against Enterococcus faecalis in an in vitro infection model. Houlihan, HH; Rybak, MJ; Stokes, DP, 2000)	0.89
" High vancomycin concentrations were demonstrated in the vitreous of Group I, with a calculated half-life of 12 hr."	( Pharmacokinetics of 0.5 mg of a single and a multiple dose of intravitreal vancomycin in infected rabbit eyes. Coco, RM; Lopez, MI; Pastor, JC, 2000)	1.02
" The possibility of pharmacokinetic interaction between G-CSF and each of the antibiotics was examined."	( Modulation of efficacies and pharmacokinetics of antibiotics by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in neutropenic mice with multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis infection. Bow, L; Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Onyeji, CO, 2000)	0.31
"The vancomycin pharmacokinetic profile was characterized in six pediatric patients and the potential of nonlinear mixed effects modeling and Bayesian forecasting for vancomycin monitoring was explored using NONMEM V (1."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics and Bayesian estimation in pediatric patients. Abbott, P; Hamilton, D; Khoo, D; Levine, M; Wrishko, RE, 2000)	2.31
"5 g every 12 h) against three of these GISA strains in an in vitro pharmacodynamic infection model."	( Activities of LY333328 and vancomycin administered alone or in combination with gentamicin against three strains of vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro pharmacodynamic infection model. Aeschlimann, JR; Allen, GP; Hershberger, E; Rybak, MJ, 2000)	0.6
"8 microg/mL, the mean elimination half-life was 9 +/- 4 hours, the areas under the concentration-time curve (AUC) from 0 to 12 hours and from 0 to infinity were 90."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin administered as prophylaxis before cardiac surgery. Amar, R; Farin, D; Ivry, S; Kitzes-Cohen, R; Piva, G; Sharony, R; Uretzky, G, 2000)	0.63
" Due to its pharmacokinetic profile, teicoplanin is more effectively administered once daily than vancomycin and offers a choice of administration routes (i."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin and vancomycin. Harding, I; Sorgel, F, 2000)	0.78
" Vancomycin half-life was significantly different on-cycler than off-cycler (11."	( Intravenous vancomycin pharmacokinetics in automated peritoneal dialysis patients. Bailie, GR; Frye, RF; Manley, HJ; McGoldrick, MD, )	1.42
" The activity of vancomycin was assessed against vancomycinsusceptible, hVISA and VISA strains in a dilutional pharmacokinetic model."	( The activity of vancomycin against heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus explored using an in vitro pharmacokinetic model. Bennett, PM; Bowker, KE; Holt, HA; Howe, RA; MacGowan, AP; Salisbury, V; Turner, J; Walsh, TR; Wootton, M, 2001)	1
" Highest peak concentration was 47."	( Dose regimen for vancomycin not needing serum peak levels? Brown, N; Kelsall, AW; McClure, RJ; Tan, WH, 2002)	0.65
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for VCM dosage regimens based on a two-compartment model with the Bayesian method, using the Japanese population pharmacokinetic parameters estimated by Yasuhara et al."	( Evaluation of predictability for vancomycin dosage regimens by the Bayesian method with Japanese population pharmacokinetic parameters. Hatakeyama, H; Imai, Y; Matsushita, R; Miyamoto, K; Teramachi, H; Tsuji, A, 2002)	0.6
"The authors studied the inaccuracy effect in the determination of C(min) and C(1h) post-infusion serum concentrations of vancomycin, amikacin, and tobramycin on the recommended dose regimen (RDR) using the Abbottbase Pharmacokinetic Systems (PKS) program (Abbott; Abbott Park, IL)."	( Effect of analytical inaccuracy on dose adjustment for vancomycin, amikacin, and tobramycin using the Abbottbase Pharmacokinetic Systems. Hermida, J; Tutor, JC; Zaera, S, 2002)	0.77
" Vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters and dosing requirements calculated from estimated CrCl and population-based pharmacokinetic equations were compared with values calculated using serum concentrations and assuming a one-compartment model."	( Evaluation of estimated and measured creatinine clearances for predicting the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in adult liver transplant recipients. Dupuis, RE; Fann, AL; Malat, G; Taber, DJ, 2003)	1.45
" Serum drug concentrations were determined by an automated fluorescence polarization immunoassay and adjusted, with a bayesian analysis, to a bi-compartmental model implemented in a pharmacokinetic system program."	( Alteration of vancomycin pharmacokinetics during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Gómez, IG; Guevara, SJ; Martí-Bonmatí, E; Ortega, GM, 2003)	0.68
"To determine the cost-effectiveness of pharmacokinetic dosage adjustment of vancomycin to prevent nephrotoxicity."	( Mississippi mud no more: cost-effectiveness of pharmacokinetic dosage adjustment of vancomycin to prevent nephrotoxicity. Darko, W; Guharoy, R; Lehmann, DE; Medicis, JJ; Smith, A, 2003)	0.77
"Decision analysis was used to model the cost-effectiveness of pharmacokinetic dosage adjustment of vancomycin."	( Mississippi mud no more: cost-effectiveness of pharmacokinetic dosage adjustment of vancomycin to prevent nephrotoxicity. Darko, W; Guharoy, R; Lehmann, DE; Medicis, JJ; Smith, A, 2003)	0.76
"Although pharmacokinetic monitoring and dosage adjustment are effective methods for reducing the toxicity of many drugs, controversy exists regarding the necessity of such monitoring with vancomycin."	( Mississippi mud no more: cost-effectiveness of pharmacokinetic dosage adjustment of vancomycin to prevent nephrotoxicity. Darko, W; Guharoy, R; Lehmann, DE; Medicis, JJ; Smith, A, 2003)	0.73
"Potential alternatives, including linezolid, adjunctive rifampin, and moxifloxacin, were evaluated against vancomycin-tolerant (P9802-020) and vancomycin-susceptible clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model."	( Linezolid and vancomycin, alone and in combination with rifampin, compared with moxifloxacin against a multidrug-resistant and a vancomycin-tolerant Streptococcus pneumoniae strain in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. Cha, R; Rybak, MJ, 2003)	0.89
" At the beginning of CVVH, the pharmacokinetic parameters were: maximum plasma concentration (Cmax)=22."	( [Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in continuous veno-venous hemofiltration]. Ge, M; Ge, WH; Gu, Q; Zhu, ZH, 2003)	0.64
"To compare the pharmacodynamic profiles of linezolid, levofloxacin, and vancomycin against clinical strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, including vancomycin-tolerant and fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates."	( Linezolid, levofloxacin, and vancomycin against vancomycin-tolerant and fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. Akins, RL; Cha, R; Rybak, MJ, 2003)	0.84
"In vitro pharmacodynamic model."	( Linezolid, levofloxacin, and vancomycin against vancomycin-tolerant and fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. Akins, RL; Cha, R; Rybak, MJ, 2003)	0.61
"An in vitro pharmacodynamic model was used to simulate standard dosing regimens of linezolid, levofloxacin, and vancomycin against the isolates 79, R921, and P9802-020."	( Linezolid, levofloxacin, and vancomycin against vancomycin-tolerant and fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. Akins, RL; Cha, R; Rybak, MJ, 2003)	0.82
" Population pharmacokinetic studies were performed to determine the optimal dosage regimens for three types of antibiotics: an aminoglycoside, arbekacin; a glycopeptide, vancomycin; and a carbapenem, panipenem."	( Population pharmacokinetics of arbekacin, vancomycin, and panipenem in neonates. Kimura, T; Kubo, H; Matsuura, N; Shimada, S; Sunakawa, K; Yago, K, 2004)	0.78
" half-life (t(1/2)) increased threefold between rodents and the higher species dosed."	( In vivo efficacy and pharmacokinetics of AC98-6446, a novel cyclic glycopeptide, in experimental infection models. Lenoy, E; Murphy, T; Weiss, WJ; Young, M, 2004)	0.32
" The pharmacokinetic behaviour of vancomycin in neonates can be adequately described by a one- or two-compartment model and is mainly determined by postconceptional age and renal function."	( Vancomycin: pharmacokinetics and administration regimens in neonates. de Hoog, M; Mouton, JW; van den Anker, JN, 2004)	2.05
"Vancomycin is commonly used to treat staphylococcal infections, but there has not been a definitive analysis of the pharmacokinetics of this antibacterial in relation to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) that could be used to determine a target pharmacodynamic index for treatment optimisation."	( Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin and other antimicrobials in patients with Staphylococcus aureus lower respiratory tract infections. Birmingham, MC; Forrest, A; Moise-Broder, PA; Schentag, JJ, 2004)	2.09
" Clinical and pharmacokinetic information was used to determine the following: (i) whether steady-state 24-hour area under the concentration-time curve (AUC24) divided by the MIC (AUC24/MIC) values for vancomycin could be precisely calculated with a software program; (ii) whether the percentage of time vancomycin serum concentrations were above the MIC (%Time>MIC) was an important determinant of vancomycin response; (iii) whether the time to bacterial eradication differed as the AUC24/MIC value increased; (iv) whether the time to bacterial eradication for vancomycin differed compared with other antibacterials at the same AUC24/MIC value; and (v) whether a relationship existed between time to bacterial eradication and time to significant clinical improvement of pneumonia symptoms."	( Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin and other antimicrobials in patients with Staphylococcus aureus lower respiratory tract infections. Birmingham, MC; Forrest, A; Moise-Broder, PA; Schentag, JJ, 2004)	0.84
"The aim of this study was to compare the activity of linezolid and vancomycin in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model to assess potential differences in activity against biofilm-embedded organisms."	( Antibacterial activity of linezolid and vancomycin in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model of gram-positive catheter-related bacteraemia. Coyle, EA; Lewis, RE; Prince, RA; Raad, II; Wiederhold, NP, 2005)	0.83
"Single-lumen central venous catheters colonized with biofilm-embedded Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis or vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) were treated with simulated clinical dosing regimens of linezolid 600 mg every 12 h or vancomycin 1 g every 12 h in a one-compartment in vitro pharmacodynamic model."	( Antibacterial activity of linezolid and vancomycin in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model of gram-positive catheter-related bacteraemia. Coyle, EA; Lewis, RE; Prince, RA; Raad, II; Wiederhold, NP, 2005)	0.8
"The relationship between the volume of distribution, assessed according to the two-compartmental pharmacokinetic model, and extracellular water estimated by bioimpedance was studied in mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis and capillary leak."	( Can bioimpedance determine the volume of distribution of antibiotics in sepsis? Balik, M; Kolar, M; Pachl, J; Sedivy, J; Smejkalova, V; Waldauf, P, 2005)	0.33
" Therefore, understanding the clinical implications of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of vancomycin is a necessity for clinicians."	( The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of vancomycin. Rybak, MJ, 2006)	0.79
" Pharmacokinetic variables were compared with a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test."	( Medullary plasma pharmacokinetics of vancomycin after intravenous and intraosseous perfusion of the proximal phalanx in horses. Cruz, AM; López-Sanromán, J; Rubio-Martínez, L; San Román, F; Santos, M, )	0.4
" Concentrations and pharmacokinetic variables were not significantly different comparing both routes."	( Medullary plasma pharmacokinetics of vancomycin after intravenous and intraosseous perfusion of the proximal phalanx in horses. Cruz, AM; López-Sanromán, J; Rubio-Martínez, L; San Román, F; Santos, M, )	0.4
" In addition to the application of different methods to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters, the total dialysate concentration of both drugs was measured."	( Pharmacokinetics and total elimination of meropenem and vancomycin in intensive care unit patients undergoing extended daily dialysis. Bode-Böger, SM; Czock, D; Fliser, D; Hafer, C; Keller, F; Kielstein, JT; Kuse, E; Schöpke, T, 2006)	0.58
"The objective of this study was to evaluate the Bayesian predictability of vancomycin (VCM) pharmacokinetics in Japanese pediatric patients using one-compartment population pharmacokinetic (PPK) parameters, which we reported previously."	( Evaluation of Bayesian predictability of vancomycin concentration using population pharmacokinetic parameters in pediatric patients. Ishibashi, T; Katsube, T; Oguma, T; Ohnishi, A; Yano, Y, 2005)	0.82
"A parameter describing individual changes in CL(cr) with time improves population pharmacokinetic modelling of gentamicin but not vancomycin in clinically unstable patients."	( Population pharmacokinetic modelling of gentamicin and vancomycin in patients with unstable renal function following cardiothoracic surgery. Byrne, C; Staatz, CE; Thomson, AH, 2006)	0.79
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by the 3P87 pharmacokinetic program."	( Study on pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of norvancomycin in rats by CE with electrochemical detection. Fang, Y; Hu, Q; Shi, G; Wang, A; Wang, X; Wu, F; Zhou, T, 2006)	0.58
" The serum concentrations were used to calculate all relevant pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Clearance of vancomycin during high-efficiency hemodialysis. Kasiwong, S; Klansuwan, N; Ratanajamit, C; Wangsiripaisan, A, 2006)	0.7
" To optimise antibacterial therapy, the clinician must possess knowledge of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of commonly used antibacterials and how these parameters may be affected by the constellation of pathophysiological changes occurring during sepsis."	( Antibacterial dosing in intensive care: pharmacokinetics, degree of disease and pharmacodynamics of sepsis. Lipman, J; Roberts, JA, 2006)	0.33
" Accurate dosing for this population requires characterization of the appropriate pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Population pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin in critically ill patients. Jiménez-Torres, NV; Llopis-Salvia, P, 2006)	0.6
"To estimate population pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin (VAN) in adult critically ill patients and to establish the predictive performance of the resulting model."	( Population pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin in critically ill patients. Jiménez-Torres, NV; Llopis-Salvia, P, 2006)	0.85
" Thirty patients and 234 serum concentration-time sets obtained during clinical routine monitoring were used to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters (group A)."	( Population pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin in critically ill patients. Jiménez-Torres, NV; Llopis-Salvia, P, 2006)	0.6
"The use of population-specific pharmacokinetic parameters and Bayesian forecasting improves dosage-regimen design."	( Population pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin in critically ill patients. Jiménez-Torres, NV; Llopis-Salvia, P, 2006)	0.6
"The goal of this investigation was to determine whether vancomycin pharmacokinetic indexes (eg, serum trough concentrations or area under the concentration curve [AUC] values) were associated with mortality for patients with health-care-associated pneumonia (HCAP) attributed to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)."	( Predictors of mortality for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus health-care-associated pneumonia: specific evaluation of vancomycin pharmacokinetic indices. Doherty, JA; Isakow, W; Jeffres, MN; Kollef, MH; McKinnon, PS; Micek, ST; Ritchie, DJ, 2006)	0.79
" The aim of the present study was to develop a semimechanistic pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) model characterizing the events seen in a bacterial system when it is exposed to antibacterial agents with different mechanisms of action."	( Semimechanistic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for assessment of activity of antibacterial agents from time-kill curve experiments. Cars, O; Karlsson, MO; Löwdin, E; Nielsen, EI; Sandström, M; Viberg, A, 2007)	0.34
"Seven methods for estimating vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters were studied to determine which method best predicted measured concentrations for patients at a community teaching hospital."	( Predictability of vancomycin trough concentrations using seven approaches for estimating pharmacokinetic parameters. Bateman, CV; Gillespie, DE; Murphy, JE, 2006)	0.96
"The seven methods studied for estimating vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters varied widely in predicting vancomycin trough concentrations compared with measured serum concentrations and were not sufficiently reliable to replace therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin serum concentrations."	( Predictability of vancomycin trough concentrations using seven approaches for estimating pharmacokinetic parameters. Bateman, CV; Gillespie, DE; Murphy, JE, 2006)	0.93
" Observations collected in two population pharmacokinetic studies, in preterm neonates, investigating amikacin and vancomycin were used to estimate: i) the impact of ibuprofen administration on the clearance of these drugs; and ii) the difference between prophylactic and therapeutic administration of ibuprofen on this clearance."	( Impact of ibuprofen administration on renal drug clearance in the first weeks of life. Allegaert, K; Anderson, BJ; Rayyan, M, 2006)	0.54
"A retrospective pharmacokinetic analysis of serum levels obtained in routine vancomycin monitoring was performed."	( Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of vancomycin in ICU patients. Calvo, MV; del Mar Fernández de Gatta Garcia, M; Domínguez-Gil, A; Revilla, N; Sánchez Navarro, A, 2007)	0.83
" Details of vancomycin therapy, dosage and blood sampling times were obtained from pharmacokinetic reports."	( Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of vancomycin in ICU patients. Calvo, MV; del Mar Fernández de Gatta Garcia, M; Domínguez-Gil, A; Revilla, N; Sánchez Navarro, A, 2007)	0.98
"Vancomycin clearance and distribution volume were estimated individually assuming a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model."	( Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of vancomycin in ICU patients. Calvo, MV; del Mar Fernández de Gatta Garcia, M; Domínguez-Gil, A; Revilla, N; Sánchez Navarro, A, 2007)	2.04
"To compare pharmacodynamic indices and minimal inhibitory concentrations for vancomycin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, linezolid, and combined quinupristin and dalfopristin for historic and current human coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) endophthalmitis isolates."	( In vitro efficacy and pharmacodynamic indices for antibiotics against coagulase-negative staphylococcus endophthalmitis isolates. Flynn, HW; Harper, T; Miller, D, 2007)	0.57
" Peak concentration (C(max)) was defined as the maximum attainable aqueous concentration using topical or oral therapy, or both."	( In vitro efficacy and pharmacodynamic indices for antibiotics against coagulase-negative staphylococcus endophthalmitis isolates. Flynn, HW; Harper, T; Miller, D, 2007)	0.34
" Pharmacokinetic indices (C(max)/MIC90) for topical dosing were all <1."	( In vitro efficacy and pharmacodynamic indices for antibiotics against coagulase-negative staphylococcus endophthalmitis isolates. Flynn, HW; Harper, T; Miller, D, 2007)	0.34
" Observations collected in two population pharmacokinetic studies involving preterm neonates and investigating amikacin and vancomycin in the first month of postnatal life were used to estimate the impact of prenatal growth (as judged by birth weight for gestational age) on the clearance of these drugs."	( Renal drug clearance in preterm neonates: relation to prenatal growth. Allegaert, K; Anderson, BJ; de Zegher, F; van den Anker, JN; Vanhaesebrouck, S, 2007)	0.55
"To investigate the changes in pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin in the subeschar tissue fluid (STF) at early post-burn stage in patients with severe burns."	( [Changes in pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin in the subeschar tissue fluid in patients with severe burns]. Hua, R; Rong, XZ; Yang, RH; Zhang, T, 2007)	0.85
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin were produced by program 3P97 and statistically analyzed by program package SPSS10."	( [Changes in pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin in the subeschar tissue fluid in patients with severe burns]. Hua, R; Rong, XZ; Yang, RH; Zhang, T, 2007)	0.89
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin in the STF were: t1/2alpha = (3."	( [Changes in pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin in the subeschar tissue fluid in patients with severe burns]. Hua, R; Rong, XZ; Yang, RH; Zhang, T, 2007)	0.89
" Pharmacodynamic targets included an AUC/MIC >82."	( Pharmacodynamic comparison of linezolid, teicoplanin and vancomycin against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci collected from hospitals in Brazil. Kiffer, CR; Kuti, JL; Mendes, CM; Nicolau, DP, 2008)	0.59
" The best model was a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model with exponential inter-individual error and an additive residual error statistic model."	( Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of norvancomycin. Cao, G; Rui, J; Shi, Y; Wu, J; Yu, J; Zhang, J; Zhang, Y, 2008)	0.59
"06 mg/liter) were studied in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model."	( Pharmacodynamics of the antibacterial effect and emergence of resistance to tomopenem, formerly RO4908463/CS-023, in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model of Staphylococcus aureus infection. Bowker, KE; MacGowan, AP; Noel, AR, 2008)	0.35
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."	( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds. Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)	0.35
"Free drug serum concentrations of minocycline associated with the doses given to humans (100 mg every 12 hours for 24 hours) were simulated in an in vitro hollow-fiber pharmacokinetic model."	( Pharmacodynamics of minocycline against Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model. Bowker, KE; Macgowan, AP; Noel, AR, 2008)	0.35
" Monte Carlo simulations were performed for dalbavancin using population pharmacokinetic data and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for clinical trial isolates."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of dalbavancin, a novel glycopeptide antibiotic. Buckwalter, M; Damle, B; Dowell, JA; Goldstein, BP; Stogniew, M, 2008)	0.35
"Rational dosing of antibiotics in neonates should be based on pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters assessed in specific populations."	( Microanalysis of beta-lactam antibiotics and vancomycin in plasma for pharmacokinetic studies in neonates. Ahsman, MJ; Mathot, RA; Tibboel, D; Wildschut, ED, 2009)	0.61
"The activity of vancomycin against heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) and non-hVISA isolates, using an in vitro pharmacodynamic model, was reduced in the presence of a high inoculum amount (10(8) CFU/ml)."	( Impact of inoculum size and heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) on vancomycin activity and emergence of VISA in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. Kaatz, GW; Leonard, SN; Rose, WE; Rossi, KL; Rybak, MJ, 2009)	0.96
"The pharmacokinetics of vancomycin was retrospectively examined based on trough concentrations obtained during routine therapeutic drug monitoring to examine possible pharmacokinetic differences between adult Japanese cancer and non-cancer patients with various degrees of renal function."	( A retrospective analysis of vancomycin pharmacokinetics in Japanese cancer and non-cancer patients based on routine trough monitoring data. Hashida, T; Inui, K; Katsura, T; Masuda, S; Omote, S; Yano, I; Yano, Y, 2009)	0.95
"Neonatal intensive care unit patients receiving vancomycin according to published nomograms (phase 1) were compared with patients receiving vancomycin using first-dose pharmacokinetic information to individualize the dosing regimen (phase 2)."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison of nomogram-based and individualized vancomycin regimens in neonates. Carby, MC; Crumby, T; Kuhl, D; Rinehart, E; Talati, AJ, 2009)	0.85
"Because of the high frequency of multidrug resistant bacteria in our intensive care units (ICUs), we implemented a ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) clinical pathway based on unit-specific minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distributions and pharmacodynamic modeling in 3 of our ICUs."	( Pharmacodynamic-based clinical pathway for empiric antibiotic choice in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Eagye, KJ; Kuti, JL; Nicasio, AM; Nicolau, DP; Palter, M; Pepe, J; Shore, E, 2010)	0.36
"In our ICUs where multidrug resistant bacteria are common, an approach considering ICU-specific antibiotic MICs coupled with pharmacodynamic dosing strategies resulted in improved outcomes and shorter duration of treatments."	( Pharmacodynamic-based clinical pathway for empiric antibiotic choice in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Eagye, KJ; Kuti, JL; Nicasio, AM; Nicolau, DP; Palter, M; Pepe, J; Shore, E, 2010)	0.36
"Preterm and term newborn infants show wide interindividual variability (IIV) in pharmacokinetic parameters of gentamicin."	( Developmental pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in preterm and term neonates: population modelling of a prospective study. Ewald, U; Friberg, LE; Honoré, PH; Nielsen, EI; Sandström, M, 2009)	0.35
" Population pharmacokinetic modelling was performed using nonlinear mixed-effects modelling (NONMEM) software."	( Developmental pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in preterm and term neonates: population modelling of a prospective study. Ewald, U; Friberg, LE; Honoré, PH; Nielsen, EI; Sandström, M, 2009)	0.35
"The rational selection of antibiotics for the treatment of meningitis must take into account several criteria, among which their intrinsic activity against the causative bacteria, and their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties."	( [Pharmacodynamics of antibiotics in CSF: principles and consequences (predictive factors of efficacy)]. Tulkens, PM; Van Bambeke, F, )	0.13
" Individual pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles were obtained from a three-compartment population PK model."	( Pharmacodynamic profiling of ceftobiprole for treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections. Bagchi, P; Kimko, H; Nandy, P; Noel, GJ; Samtani, MN; Strauss, RS; Xu, X, 2009)	0.35
"A two-compartment open model was adopted as a pharmacokinetic model."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin in patients with gram-positive infections and the influence of infectious disease type. Baba, H; Kuzuya, T; Nabeshima, T; Yamada, K; Yamamoto, M, 2009)	0.62
"The population pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin obtained here can be used to individualize the dosage of vancomycin in institutions with similar patient population characteristics."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin in patients with gram-positive infections and the influence of infectious disease type. Baba, H; Kuzuya, T; Nabeshima, T; Yamada, K; Yamamoto, M, 2009)	0.88
" We evaluated the impact of the extent of ELF penetration on bacterial killing and resistance by simulating a range of vancomycin exposures (24-h free drug area under the concentration-time curve [fAUC24]/MIC) using an in vitro pharmacodynamic model and population-based mathematical modeling."	( Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin at simulated epithelial lining fluid concentrations against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): implications for dosing in MRSA pneumonia. Bulitta, JB; Forrest, A; Harigaya, Y; Lesse, AJ; Mylotte, JM; Sakoulas, G; Tsuji, BT, 2009)	0.88
"In an in vitro pharmacodynamic model, linezolid attenuated the activity of aztreonam and ceftazidime against Escherichia coli."	( Evaluating aztreonam and ceftazidime pharmacodynamics with Escherichia coli in combination with daptomycin, linezolid, or vancomycin in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. LaPlante, KL; Sakoulas, G, 2009)	0.56
"Observations collected in two population pharmacokinetic studies in preterm neonates investigating amikacin and vancomycin disposition were used to estimate (i) the impact of ibuprofen administration and (ii) the difference between ibuprofen and indomethacin on renal drug clearance."	( The impact of ibuprofen or indomethacin on renal drug clearance in neonates. Allegaert, K, 2009)	0.56
" In a vancomycin pooled pharmacokinetic study, it was documented that the impact of indomethacin was significantly higher compared to ibuprofen (46 and 28%, respectively)."	( The impact of ibuprofen or indomethacin on renal drug clearance in neonates. Allegaert, K, 2009)	0.83
" TGC displayed linear PK and had a mean half-life of 10."	( Pharmacodynamic profile of tigecycline against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an experimental pneumonia model. Banevicius, MA; Crandon, JL; Koomanachai, P; Nicolau, DP; Peng, L, 2009)	0.35
" aureus (VRSA), using high and low inocula in a pharmacokinetic in vitro model."	( Comparative antibacterial effects of daptomycin, vancomycin and teicoplanin studied in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model of infection. Bowker, KE; MacGowan, AP; Noel, AR, 2009)	0.61
" This study investigated vancomycin pharmacokinetics in people with burns in comparison to people without burns and examined the factors contributing to pharmacokinetic variability."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in patients with severe burn injuries. Buono, E; Cheong, E; Dolton, M; Gottlieb, T; Kennedy, P; Maitz, P; McLachlan, AJ; Xu, H, 2010)	2.11
" We examined the predictive performance of the trough serum VAN concentration for determination of the initial dose by using a new model for the analysis of the population pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin using serum cystatin C as a marker of renal function. Aiba, T; Araki, H; Inoue, T; Kurosaki, Y; Murase, M; Nishimiya, T; Otsuka, T; Suemaru, K; Tanaka, A, 2010)	0.63
" Challenges in the implementation of PK-PD-based dosing for vancomycin include current methodologies utilized in microbiology laboratories, as well as intra- and interpatient pharmacokinetic variability."	( Use of vancomycin pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic properties in the treatment of MRSA infections. Giulano, C; Giuliano, C; Haase, KK; Hall, R, 2010)	1.06
" Pharmacokinetic parameters such as clearance (CL), volume of distribution (Vd), and K elimination (ke) were calculated."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in adult cancer patients. Al-Kofide, H; Al-Naim, L; Zaghloul, I, 2010)	0.68
" Comparison of the clinical characteristics and VCM pharmacokinetic parameters between patients with and without malignancies was undertaken in 49 elderly Japanese patients infected with MRSA."	( [Correlation of pharmacokinetic parameters with serum vancomycin concentration in elderly patients with malignancies]. Sadoh, S; Tsuji, Y; Tsukamoto, K, 2010)	0.61
"The objective of the study is to evaluate the ability of standard vancomycin dosing strategies actually recommended to attain the pharmacodynamic target of an area under the curve of vancomycin serum concentration versus time from 0 to 24 hours (AUC(24h)) to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio greater than 400:1 for patients with a suspected or documented methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia by individual analysis and Monte Carlo simulation."	( [Evaluation of pharmacodynamic target attainment with vancomycin treatment of bacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistant]. Aznar, J; Bautista, J; Gil-Navarro, MV; Lepe, JA; Santos-Rubio, MD, 2010)	0.85
"The study included all patients admitted with suspected or proven MRSA infection during the years 2007-2008, and who were initially treated with vancomycin at a dose of 30 mg/kg/ day, and underwent pharmacokinetic monitoring."	( [Evaluation of pharmacodynamic target attainment with vancomycin treatment of bacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistant]. Aznar, J; Bautista, J; Gil-Navarro, MV; Lepe, JA; Santos-Rubio, MD, 2010)	0.81
"The present study determined the pharmacokinetic profile of vancomycin in premature Malaysian infants."	( Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in premature Malaysian neonates: identification of predictors for dosing determination. Charles, BG; Heng, SC; Lee, TC; Lim, CT; Lo, YL; van Hasselt, JG, 2010)	0.89
" Increasing the vancomycin dosage to 60 mg/kg/d substantially increased the likelihood (88%-98%) of achieving this pharmacodynamic target."	( Prediction of vancomycin pharmacodynamics in children with invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: a Monte Carlo simulation. Benet, LZ; Coralic, Z; Frymoyer, A; Hersh, AL; Joseph Guglielmo, B, 2010)	1.07
"Recommended empiric vancomycin dosing in children (40 mg/kg/d) was not predicted to consistently achieve the pharmacodynamic target of AUC(0-24)/MIC >400 for invasive MRSA infections."	( Prediction of vancomycin pharmacodynamics in children with invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: a Monte Carlo simulation. Benet, LZ; Coralic, Z; Frymoyer, A; Hersh, AL; Joseph Guglielmo, B, 2010)	1.04
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics during short daily hemodialysis. Chambers, M; Decker, BS; Kays, MB; Kraus, MA; Moe, SM; Sowinski, KM, 2010)	1.8
"Vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters in SDHD are consistent with data from thrice-weekly HD."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics during short daily hemodialysis. Chambers, M; Decker, BS; Kays, MB; Kraus, MA; Moe, SM; Sowinski, KM, 2010)	3.25
"A vancomycin population pharmacokinetic prediction model for adult and elderly patients was developed using NONMEM."	( Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in adult and geriatric patients: comparison of eleven approaches. Anderson, PO; Capparelli, EV; Cornejo-Bravo, JM; Dominguez, AR; Lane, JR; Sánchez, JL, 2010)	1.37
" * Population pharmacokinetics coupled with pharmacodynamic analysis, in order to optimize drug exposure and hence antibacterial effectiveness, has been little applied in these specific patients."	( Vancomycin dosing assessment in intensive care unit patients based on a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic simulation. Fernández de Gatta, Mdel M; González, FM; Martín-Suárez, A; Pérez, MP; Revilla, N, 2010)	1.8
"Heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) have a higher predisposition to select for VISA with thickened cell walls upon vancomycin exposure, but the pharmacodynamic relationship of this occurrence with clinical doses is unknown."	( Pharmacodynamic effect of clinical vancomycin exposures on cell wall thickness in heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus. Hutson, PR; Knier, RM; Rose, WE, 2010)	1
" Pharmacodynamic activity, susceptibility and resistance populations were assessed, and CWT was determined at the end of the exposure."	( Pharmacodynamic effect of clinical vancomycin exposures on cell wall thickness in heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus. Hutson, PR; Knier, RM; Rose, WE, 2010)	0.64
"To determine the population pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin in neonatal patients with a wide range of gestational age and birth weight, and subsequently to design an initial dosing schedule for vancomycin in neonates."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin in neonates. A new proposal of initial dosage guideline. Marqués-Miñana, MR; Peris, JE; Saadeddin, A, 2010)	0.87
" An initial dosage guideline for vancomycin is proposed for preterm and full-term neonates, whereas the population pharmacokinetic model can be used for dosage individualization of vancomycin."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin in neonates. A new proposal of initial dosage guideline. Marqués-Miñana, MR; Peris, JE; Saadeddin, A, 2010)	0.91
"Critically ill children may present changes in pharmacokinetic parameters and may not reach effective concentrations of vancomycin with current dosages."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic parameters to optimize dosage administration in critically ill children. Giachetto, GA; Menchaca, A; Nanni, L; Oyarzun, M; Speranza, N; Telechea, HM, 2011)	2.02
" Half-life elimination, volume of distribution, clearance, and area under the curve at 24 hrs were estimated."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic parameters to optimize dosage administration in critically ill children. Giachetto, GA; Menchaca, A; Nanni, L; Oyarzun, M; Speranza, N; Telechea, HM, 2011)	1.81
"Critically ill children show changes in pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic parameters to optimize dosage administration in critically ill children. Giachetto, GA; Menchaca, A; Nanni, L; Oyarzun, M; Speranza, N; Telechea, HM, 2011)	1.81
" faecium [VREF] strain) were compared using an in vitro pharmacokinetic model of infection."	( Pharmacodynamics of telavancin studied in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model of infection. Bowker, KE; Elliott, HC; MacGowan, AP; Noel, AR; Tomaselli, S, 2011)	0.37
" Finally, the pharmacodynamic interaction index (PDI) was computed as the ratio of the volumes under the observed and simulated surfaces."	( Pharmacodynamic assessment of vancomycin-rifampicin combination against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm: a parametric response surface analysis. Elkhatib, WF; Noreddin, AM; Salem, AH, 2011)	0.66
" The present article reviews the pharmacokinetic properties of vancomycin, linezolid, tigecycline and daptomycin."	( Comparison of the pharmacokinetic properties of vancomycin, linezolid, tigecyclin, and daptomycin. Derendorf, H; Estes, KS, 2010)	0.86
"An HPLC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the determination of venlafaxine enantiomers in human plasma and applied to a pharmacokinetic study in healthy Chinese volunteers."	( Development and validation of a HPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of venlafaxine enantiomers and application to a pharmacokinetic study in healthy Chinese volunteers. Dai, YC; Deng, N; Liu, W; Liu, XR, 2011)	0.37
" The pharmacokinetic parameters, elimination rate constant (K), elimination half-life (t1/2), volume of distribution (VD) and clearance (CL), were calculated."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in neonates admitted to the neonatology unit at the Jordan University Hospital. Badran, EF; Irshaid, YM; Shamayleh, A, 2011)	0.69
" Our aim was to assess vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters in acute myeloid leukemia patients and develop an improved dosing equation to attain more accurate initial therapeutic trough levels."	( Characterization of vancomycin pharmacokinetics in the adult acute myeloid leukemia population. Almyroudis, N; Forrest, A; Jarkowski, A; Segal, BH; Sweeney, RP; Tan, W; Wang, ES; Wetzler, M, 2012)	1.01
"The aim of this study was to define a two-compartments pharmacokinetic model and to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of IP administered vancomycin in patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) associated peritonitis."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in patients with peritonitis. Almiñana, MA; Casabó Alós, VG; Montañés Pauls, B, 2011)	2.01
" Time kill experiments were performed for vancomycin at 0 to 64 times the MIC against an initial inoculum of 10(6) and 10(8) cfu/ml of agr functional and dysfunctional CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA and these data were fit to a hill-type pharmacodynamic model."	( Impact of accessory gene regulator (agr) dysfunction on vancomycin pharmacodynamics among Canadian community and health-care associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Dresser, LD; MacLean, RD; McGavin, MJ; Simor, AE; Tsuji, BT, 2011)	0.88
"To audit vancomycin dosing and concentrations at our institution and evaluate the predictive accuracy of a pharmacokinetic simulation program, with a view to implementing a pharmacy-based pharmacokinetic service for vancomycin monitoring."	( Vancomycin dosing: assessment of time to therapeutic concentration and predictive accuracy of pharmacokinetic modeling software. Aubron, C; Cheng, AC; Corallo, CE; Dooley, MJ; Nunn, MO; Poole, S, 2011)	2.23
" The pharmacokinetic modeling software demonstrated little systematic bias (-3."	( Vancomycin dosing: assessment of time to therapeutic concentration and predictive accuracy of pharmacokinetic modeling software. Aubron, C; Cheng, AC; Corallo, CE; Dooley, MJ; Nunn, MO; Poole, S, 2011)	1.81
" Pharmacokinetic modeling software is a potential tool to improve the timeliness of achieving adequate dosing by allowing concentrations to be determined prior to steady-state."	( Vancomycin dosing: assessment of time to therapeutic concentration and predictive accuracy of pharmacokinetic modeling software. Aubron, C; Cheng, AC; Corallo, CE; Dooley, MJ; Nunn, MO; Poole, S, 2011)	1.81
"9 μg/ml, half-life [t(1/2)] = 8 h) and DAP at 10 mg/kg/day (fC(max) = 13."	( Characterizing vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus strains with various mechanisms of daptomycin resistance developed in an in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model. Kaatz, GW; Rose, WE; Rybak, MJ; Steed, ME; Vidaillac, C; Winterfield, P, 2011)	0.72
" Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed to obtain actual CL(DRUG,) which is compared with different methods of estimating GFR."	( Evaluation of methods to estimate glomerular filtration rate versus actual drug clearance in patients with chronic spinal cord injury. Dang, AT; Lee, JP, 2011)	0.37
"To evaluate a pharmacokinetic program to predict serum vancomycin concentrations in accordance with administered dose, weight, height, and creatinine clearance in a critically ill population."	( Evaluation of the accuracy of a pharmacokinetic dosing program in predicting serum vancomycin concentrations in critically ill patients. Aubron, C; Cheng, AC; Corallo, CE; Dooley, MJ; Nunn, MO, 2011)	0.84
"0 μg/ml]) were evaluated in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model with a starting inoculum of 10(6) or 10(8) CFU/ml."	( In vitro pharmacodynamics of vancomycin and cefazolin alone and in combination against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Hagihara, M; Kuti, JL; Nicolau, DP; Wiskirchen, DE, 2012)	0.67
" This review presents a synthesis of the reported population pharmacokinetic models of vancomycin."	( Vancomycin: a review of population pharmacokinetic analyses. Boulamery, A; Bruguerolle, B; Marsot, A; Simon, N, 2012)	2.04
"The methodology included the following steps: acquisition of microbiological and pharmacokinetic data, Monte Carlo simulation, estimation of the probability of target attainment (PTA), and calculation of the cumulative fraction of response (CFR)."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic evaluation of daptomycin, tigecycline, and linezolid versus vancomycin for the treatment of MRSA infections in four western European countries. Betriu, C; Canut, A; Gascón, AR; Isla, A, 2012)	0.6
" The elimination half-life (t(1/2β)) of daptomycin was independent of the administered dose (38."	( Daptomycin versus vancomycin in a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis rabbit model: bactericidal effect, safety, and ocular pharmacokinetics. Bourcier, T; Jehl, F; Lefèvre, S; Marcellin, L; Prévost, G; Saleh, M; Subilia, A, 2012)	0.71
"Prospective, observational, multicenter, pharmacokinetic study."	( Variability of antibiotic concentrations in critically ill patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy: a multicentre pharmacokinetic study. Bellomo, R; Cole, L; Lipman, J; Liu, X; Nair, P; Roberts, DM; Roberts, JA; Roberts, MS, 2012)	0.38
" In conclusion, population pharmacokinetic of vancomycin in Thai adult patients was developed."	( Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in Thai patients. Bunuparadah, P; Chindavijak, B; Chulavatnatol, S; Malathum, K; Preechagoon, Y; Purwonugroho, TA, 2012)	0.92
" aureus (MRSA) strain and the antibiotic pharmacodynamic profile against extracellular (broth) and intracellular (human THP-1 monocytes) bacteria."	( Pharmacodynamic evaluation of the activity of antibiotics against hemin- and menadione-dependent small-colony variants of Staphylococcus aureus in models of extracellular (broth) and intracellular (THP-1 monocytes) infections. Becker, K; Denis, O; Garcia, LG; Kahl, BC; Lemaire, S; Proctor, RA; Tulkens, PM; Van Bambeke, F, 2012)	0.38
" Using these two measurements, we calculated the pharmacokinetic parameters using the Bayesian estimator."	( Decreased vancomycin clearance in patients with congestive heart failure. Dong, M; Fukuda, T; Fukumoto, K; Komori, K; Shimamoto, Y; Shirasaka, T; Tanaka, K; Tominari, S; Ueno, K, 2013)	0.79
"Observational data sets can be used for population pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling."	( Influence of erroneous patient records on population pharmacokinetic modeling and individual bayesian estimation. Marcus, MA; Neef, C; Proost, JH; Touw, DJ; van der Meer, AF, 2012)	0.38
" Vancomycin pharmacokinetic estimates, which are different in neonates compared with adults, also exhibit extensive inter-neonatal variability."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in the neonate: a review. Allegaert, K; Pacifici, GM, 2012)	1.58
" Higher-quality clinical trials are necessary to characterize the disposition of vancomycin within CNS, and to determine models for various pathophysiological conditions to facilitate better understanding of effects on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters."	( Systematic review of efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and administration of intraventricular vancomycin in adults. Chow, I; Ensom, MH; Mabasa, VH; Ng, K, 2014)	0.85
"We analyzed the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship of vancomycin to determine the drug exposure parameters that correlate with the efficacy and nephrotoxicity of vancomycin in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia and evaluated the need to use peak concentration in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)."	( Is peak concentration needed in therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin? A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis in patients with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. Hiramatsu, K; Itoh, H; Kadota, J; Kawasaki, K; Sato, Y; Suzuki, Y; Takeyama, M; Tokimatsu, I, 2012)	0.86
" Significant differences in Cmin and AUC0-24 were observed between the nephrotoxicity and non-nephrotoxicity groups."	( Is peak concentration needed in therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin? A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis in patients with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. Hiramatsu, K; Itoh, H; Kadota, J; Kawasaki, K; Sato, Y; Suzuki, Y; Takeyama, M; Tokimatsu, I, 2012)	0.62
"These results suggest little need to use peak concentration in vancomycin TDM because Cmin/MIC and Cmin are sufficient to predict the efficacy and safety of vancomycin."	( Is peak concentration needed in therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin? A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis in patients with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. Hiramatsu, K; Itoh, H; Kadota, J; Kawasaki, K; Sato, Y; Suzuki, Y; Takeyama, M; Tokimatsu, I, 2012)	0.86
" The objective of the present study was to perform an external evaluation of published models, in order to test their predictive performances in an independent dataset and to identify the possible study-related factors influencing the transferability of pharmacokinetic models to different clinical settings."	( External Evaluation of Population Pharmacokinetic Models of Vancomycin in Neonates: The transferability of published models to different clinical settings. Allegaert, K; Biran, V; Capparelli, EV; Fakhoury, M; Holford, N; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Kaguelidou, F; Kimura, T; Lo, YL; Peris, JE; Thomson, A; van den Anker, JN; Zhang, D; Zhao, W, 2013)	0.63
"Published neonatal vancomycin pharmacokinetic models were screened from the literature."	( External Evaluation of Population Pharmacokinetic Models of Vancomycin in Neonates: The transferability of published models to different clinical settings. Allegaert, K; Biran, V; Capparelli, EV; Fakhoury, M; Holford, N; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Kaguelidou, F; Kimura, T; Lo, YL; Peris, JE; Thomson, A; van den Anker, JN; Zhang, D; Zhao, W, 2013)	0.96
" Improved survival was observed with the attainment of these pharmacodynamic targets."	( Vancomycin pharmacodynamics and survival in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-associated septic shock. Ariano, R; Dodek, P; Iacovides, H; Kumar, A; Mirzanejad, Y; Rubinstein, E; Zelenitsky, S, 2013)	1.83
"We developed a population pharmacokinetic model of vancomycin by integrating the effects of cystatin C and other demographic factors in a large population of Korean patients with normal serum creatinine concentrations to elucidate the precise role of serum cystatin C concentrations in the prediction of vancomycin clearance."	( Serum cystatin C is a major predictor of vancomycin clearance in a population pharmacokinetic analysis of patients with normal serum creatinine concentrations. Chung, JY; Jin, SJ; Song, YG; Yoon, JH, 2013)	0.91
"To report the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of vancomycin in 4 patients undergoing high-volume continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH)."	( Vancomycin clearance in high-volume venovenous hemofiltration. Connor, MJ; Davis, GA; Harned, KC; Paciullo, CA; Winstead, PS, 2013)	2.07
"To build a population pharmacokinetic model for Chinese adult patients and develop initial dosage regimens for patients with different degrees of renal function to achieve target steady-state trough concentrations in the range of 10 - 15 and 15 - 20 mg/l."	( Initial dosage regimens of vancomycin for Chinese adult patients based on population pharmacokinetic analysis. Cheng, D; Deng, C; Liu, T; Lu, H; Lu, W; Zhong, X; Zhou, T, 2013)	0.69
" NONMEM was used to build the population pharmacokinetic model, and a one-compartment model was chosen to describe the vancomycin concentration-time profile."	( Initial dosage regimens of vancomycin for Chinese adult patients based on population pharmacokinetic analysis. Cheng, D; Deng, C; Liu, T; Lu, H; Lu, W; Zhong, X; Zhou, T, 2013)	0.9
" Initial dosage regimens were developed based on the simulations of the population pharmacokinetic model."	( Initial dosage regimens of vancomycin for Chinese adult patients based on population pharmacokinetic analysis. Cheng, D; Deng, C; Liu, T; Lu, H; Lu, W; Zhong, X; Zhou, T, 2013)	0.69
" The aim of this study was to conduct a population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis in septic patients undergoing continuous RRT and to determine which parameters were associated with inadequate vancomycin concentrations."	( Can population pharmacokinetic modelling guide vancomycin dosing during continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients? Covajes, C; Jacobs, F; Lipman, J; Roberts, JA; Taccone, FS; Udy, AA; Vincent, JL, 2013)	0.84
" Previous studies reported that CPB modifies vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Intraoperative vancomycin pharmacokinetics in cardiac surgery with or without cardiopulmonary bypass. Barbero, C; Cotogni, P; Gariboldi, A; Izzo, G; Moscato, D; Passera, R; Rinaldi, M, 2013)	1
"To investigate intraoperative vancomycin pharmacokinetic changes in a large population of patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB (on-pump) and without CPB (off-pump)."	( Intraoperative vancomycin pharmacokinetics in cardiac surgery with or without cardiopulmonary bypass. Barbero, C; Cotogni, P; Gariboldi, A; Izzo, G; Moscato, D; Passera, R; Rinaldi, M, 2013)	1.03
" Moreover, Cmax and AUC0-∞ (AUC, zero to infinity) showed values comparable to those found in previous studies performed on noncardiac surgery patients."	( Intraoperative vancomycin pharmacokinetics in cardiac surgery with or without cardiopulmonary bypass. Barbero, C; Cotogni, P; Gariboldi, A; Izzo, G; Moscato, D; Passera, R; Rinaldi, M, 2013)	0.74
", CL(SCI) equation), pharmacokinetic analysis was performed to determine patient-specific clearance values, which were compared to values resulting from five widely used methods of estimating the glomerular filtration rate in spinal cord-injured patients."	( Testing the predictive ability of the "spinal cord injury equation" in estimating vancomycin clearance. Lee, JP; Wang, YJ, 2013)	0.62
"From the pharmacodynamic perspective (serum concentrations), vancomycin tolerance should include MBC/MIC ≥8 since strains exhibiting this ratio showed bacteriostatic profiles similar to those obtained with isolates with MBC/MIC ratios of 16 or 32."	( Influence of the MBC/MIC ratio on the antibacterial activity of vancomycin versus linezolid against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in a pharmacodynamic model simulating serum and soft tissue interstitial fluid concentrations reported Aguilar, L; Alou, L; Cafini, F; Gimenez, MJ; Gomez-Lus, ML; Gonzalez, N; Prieto, J; Sevillano, D, 2013)	0.87
" In patients with concomitant MRSA bacteremia and MRSA osteomyelitis treated with vancomycin, stewardship programs should optimize pharmacodynamic parameters, specifically AUC24/MIC, or alternative therapies should be considered."	( A stewardship program's retrospective evaluation of vancomycin AUC24/MIC and time to microbiological clearance in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and osteomyelitis. Bauer, KA; Brown, J; Gawronski, KM; Goff, DA; Khadem, TM, 2013)	0.87
" However, no studies have characterized the pharmacokinetic profile of vancomycin among pediatric cystic fibrosis patients."	( Population pharmacokinetics of intermittent vancomycin in children with cystic fibrosis. Ampofo, K; Lubsch, L; Noyes, BE; Olson, J; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, MG; Stockmann, C; Young, DC; Zobell, JT, 2013)	0.88
"Using a one-compartment model to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of vancomycin in children with cystic fibrosis, clearance increased with body weight."	( Population pharmacokinetics of intermittent vancomycin in children with cystic fibrosis. Ampofo, K; Lubsch, L; Noyes, BE; Olson, J; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, MG; Stockmann, C; Young, DC; Zobell, JT, 2013)	0.88
" Although the chart has not been validated clinically, it represents the product of standard dosing equations that are used to determine a starting dosing regimen based on well-established vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters."	( AUC versus peak-trough dosing of vancomycin: applying new pharmacokinetic paradigms to an old drug. Brown, DL; Lalla, CD; Masselink, AJ, 2013)	0.86
"An understanding of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles, including the relevance of AUC in relation to MIC, enables clinicians to make the best use of vancomycin dosing options."	( AUC versus peak-trough dosing of vancomycin: applying new pharmacokinetic paradigms to an old drug. Brown, DL; Lalla, CD; Masselink, AJ, 2013)	0.87
" Amikacin's mean Cmax was 33."	( Amikacin population pharmacokinetics among paediatric burn patients. Healy, D; Kagan, R; Neely, A; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, MG; Stockmann, C; Wead, S, 2014)	0.4
" Further pharmacodynamic studies are needed to establish the optimal dosing regimen for amikacin in paediatric burn patients."	( Amikacin population pharmacokinetics among paediatric burn patients. Healy, D; Kagan, R; Neely, A; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, MG; Stockmann, C; Wead, S, 2014)	0.4
"The aim of the present study was to investigate the local pharmacokinetic properties and the systemic safety of vancomycin-impregnated cancellous bone grafts in the treatment of spondylodiscitis."	( Pharmacokinetic properties and systemic safety of vancomycin-impregnated cancellous bone grafts in the treatment of spondylodiscitis. Anagnostakos, K; Koch, K, 2013)	0.85
" The purpose of this study was to determine whether pharmacokinetic indices for vancomycin are associated with mortality from MRSA hospital-acquired pneumonia in elderly patients."	( Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin in elderly patients aged 75 years or older with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus hospital-acquired pneumonia. Furuta, K; Mizokami, F; Mizuno, T; Noro, T; Shibasaki, M; Yoshizue, Y, 2013)	0.94
" This study was conducted to evaluate the predictive performance of reported population pharmacokinetic models of vancomycin in Chinese adult patients and to identify some models appropriate for our population."	( Predictive performance of reported population pharmacokinetic models of vancomycin in Chinese adult patients. Cheng, D; Deng, C; Li, L; Liu, T; Lu, H; Lu, W; Wang, S; Wu, K; Zhong, X; Zhou, T, 2013)	0.83
"A literature search was conducted in PubMed to obtain the population pharmacokinetic models of vancomycin published between December 2010 and September 2012."	( Predictive performance of reported population pharmacokinetic models of vancomycin in Chinese adult patients. Cheng, D; Deng, C; Li, L; Liu, T; Lu, H; Lu, W; Wang, S; Wu, K; Zhong, X; Zhou, T, 2013)	0.84
" The following PK/PD parameters were calculated: vancomycin clearance, elimination rate constant, volume of distribution, half-life (T1/2) and ABC 24 h/ MIC."	( [Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in children hospitalized in a critical care unit]. Acuña, C; Castillo, C; Morales, J; Torres, JP, 2013)	0.96
" Mean pharmacokinetic values were determined using first-order pharmacokinetic equations, and Monte Carlo simulation was used to evaluate initial dosing recommendations for target trough concentrations of 15 to 20 mg/liter, 5 to 20 mg/liter, and ≤20 mg/liter."	( Determination of vancomycin pharmacokinetics in neonates to develop practical initial dosing recommendations. Allen, VG; Dunn, MS; Elligsen, M; Iaboni, DC; Kim, J; Simor, A; Walker, SA; Walker, SE, 2014)	0.74
" Estimated parameters were compared with measured pharmacokinetic parameters, which were calculated from steady state peak and trough vancomycin levels using one-compartment model equations."	( Dosing of vancomycin in patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices: a clinical pharmacokinetic analysis. Chambers, RM; Jennings, DL; Lanfear, DE; Makowski, CT, 2014)	1.01
"General population methods may not accurately estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin for compensated heart failure patients implanted with CF-LVADs."	( Dosing of vancomycin in patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices: a clinical pharmacokinetic analysis. Chambers, RM; Jennings, DL; Lanfear, DE; Makowski, CT, 2014)	1.03
" Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using NONMEM software."	( Population pharmacokinetics and dosing optimization of vancomycin in children with malignant hematological disease. Baruchel, A; Duquesne, F; Fahd, M; Fakhoury, M; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Storme, T; Zhang, D; Zhao, W, 2014)	0.65
"Regression analyses of published pharmacokinetic data."	( The impact of variation in renal replacement therapy settings on piperacillin, meropenem, and vancomycin drug clearance in the critically ill: an analysis of published literature and dosing regimens*. Jamal, JA; Lipman, J; Roberts, JA; Udy, AA, 2014)	0.62
"The intent of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of commonly used intravenous (iv) vancomycin dosing schemes in patients on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) using population pharmacokinetic (PK) modelling and Monte Carlo simulation."	( Evaluation of the pharmacodynamic profile of commonly used intravenous vancomycin dosing schemes in patients on automated peritoneal dialysis. Batzold, A; Cardone, KE; Chen, WZ; Grabe, DW; Lodise, TP; Manley, HJ, 2014)	0.85
"In the pharmacokinetic analysis (NONMEM VI) based on data of gentamicin, tobramycin and vancomycin collected in 1,760 patients (age 1 day-18 years, bodyweight 415 g-85 kg), a distinction was made between drug-specific and system-specific information."	( Simultaneous pharmacokinetic modeling of gentamicin, tobramycin and vancomycin clearance from neonates to adults: towards a semi-physiological function for maturation in glomerular filtration. Allegaert, K; Brussee, JM; Danhof, M; De Cock, RF; de Hoog, M; Knibbe, CA; Mulla, H; Sherwin, CM; van den Anker, JN, 2014)	0.86
" This was a prospective pharmacokinetic study in the ICU of a university hospital."	( Population pharmacokinetics and dose simulation of vancomycin in critically ill patients during high-volume haemofiltration. Andresen, M; Bórquez, T; Downey, P; Escobar, L; Gai, MN; Lipman, J; Regueira, T; Roberts, JA, 2014)	0.65
"This review aims to critically evaluate the pharmacokinetic literature describing the use of vancomycin in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetic models: informing the clinical management of drug-resistant bacterial infections. Constance, JE; Knibbe, CA; Roberts, JK; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, MG; Stockmann, C; Yu, T, 2014)	2.06
" The purpose of this study was to evaluate pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of vancomycin in patients with acute brain injury undergoing temperature modulation."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters in patients with acute brain injury undergoing controlled normothermia, therapeutic hypothermia, or pentobarbital infusion. Jordan, JD; Morbitzer, KA; Rhoney, DH, 2015)	2.09
" Drug exposure was expressed as the ratio of the area under the concentration-time curve for the free, unbound fraction of the drug to the MIC (fAUC/MIC) (VAN) or the time in a 24-h period that the drug concentration for the free, unbound fraction exceeded the MIC under steady-state pharmacokinetic conditions (fT(>MIC)) (SAM and TZP) and linked to the change in log10 CFU/thigh."	( An optimized mouse thigh infection model for enterococci and its impact on antimicrobial pharmacodynamics. Agudelo, M; Gonzalez, JM; Rodriguez, CA; Vesga, O; Zuluaga, AF, 2015)	0.42
" The pharmacokinetics of the vancomycin products were assessed in infected mice by population pharmacokinetic modeling."	( Pharmacodynamic evaluation of the activities of six parenteral vancomycin products available in the United States. Baluya, D; Boyne, MT; Brown, D; Drusano, GL; Fikes, S; Huntley, C; Kurhanewicz, S; Liu, W; Louie, A; Patel, V; Robbins, N; Rodriquez, J, 2015)	0.95
" The pharmacokinetic model (non-linear mixed effects modeling) was prospectively validated in five additional ECMO-treated patients over a 6-month period."	( Vancomycin population pharmacokinetics during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy: a matched cohort study. Belhaj, A; Beumier, M; Cristallini, S; de Backer, D; Donadello, K; Jacobs, F; Roberts, JA; Shekar, K; Taccone, FS; Vincent, JL, 2014)	1.85
"First, a 20-month therapeutic drug monitoring database at a medical center was used to retrospectively analyze the pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin in adult neurosurgical patients."	( A Larger Dose of Vancomycin Is Required in Adult Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit Patients Due to Augmented Clearance. Huang, CF; Lin Wu, FL; Lin, SW; Liu, SS; Shen, LJ; Wang, KC; Win, MF; Yang, TY, 2015)	0.96
"To systematically assess the impact of pharmacodynamic interactions when adding either linezolid or vancomycin to meropenem on the antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)."	( Pharmacodynamic and response surface analysis of linezolid or vancomycin combined with meropenem against Staphylococcus aureus. Kees, MG; Kloft, C; Kuss, J; Wicha, SG, 2015)	0.87
" We newly elaborated a response surface analysis (RSA) to quantify the extent of the pharmacodynamic interactions."	( Pharmacodynamic and response surface analysis of linezolid or vancomycin combined with meropenem against Staphylococcus aureus. Kees, MG; Kloft, C; Kuss, J; Wicha, SG, 2015)	0.66
"Standard doses of linezolid and meropenem will provide inhibitory concentrations and thus pharmacodynamic antagonism throughout the whole dosing interval for MSSA."	( Pharmacodynamic and response surface analysis of linezolid or vancomycin combined with meropenem against Staphylococcus aureus. Kees, MG; Kloft, C; Kuss, J; Wicha, SG, 2015)	0.66
"To estimate vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters and dosing requirements in a cohort of extremely obese patients."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in extremely obese patients with suspected or confirmed Staphylococcus aureus infections. Adane, ED; Herald, M; Koura, F, 2015)	1.12
"Prospective pharmacokinetic study."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in extremely obese patients with suspected or confirmed Staphylococcus aureus infections. Adane, ED; Herald, M; Koura, F, 2015)	0.74
"Population pharmacokinetic parameters were used to determine vancomycin doses that target trough concentrations of 10-20 μg/ml."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in extremely obese patients with suspected or confirmed Staphylococcus aureus infections. Adane, ED; Herald, M; Koura, F, 2015)	0.98
" Vancomycin can be initiated in extremely obese patients at dosages determined based on renal function and pharmacokinetic parameter estimates from this study."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in extremely obese patients with suspected or confirmed Staphylococcus aureus infections. Adane, ED; Herald, M; Koura, F, 2015)	1.65
"The pharmacokinetic properties of vancomycin (VAN) and teicoplanin (TEC) may be affected by adsorption during hemofiltration as well as hemoperfusion therapies."	( Pharmacokinetic analysis of antibiotic adsorption (vancomycin and teicoplanin) by the Lixelle extracorporeal unit. Day, S; De Rosa, S; Nalesso, F; Ricatti, MG; Ronco, C; Sartori, M; Zancato, M, 2015)	0.95
"To evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin in septic shock patients and to determine the vancomycin dosage to achieve requisite pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target against methicillin resistant Staphylocccus aureus (MRSA) in patients with septic shock."	( Initial dosage regimen of vancomycin for septic shock patients: a pharmacokinetic study and Monte Carlo simulation. Jaruratanasirikul, S; Jitsurong, A; Katip Bpharm, W; Pattharachayakul, S; Wongpoowarak, W, 2014)	0.96
" The NPAG algorithm was used to perform population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin concentrations in 78 elderly patients."	( Influence of renal function estimation on pharmacokinetic modeling of vancomycin in elderly patients. Bourguignon, L; Glatard, A; Goutelle, S; Jelliffe, RW; Maire, P; Neely, MN, 2015)	0.88
" Pharmacodynamic assessment for VAN by AUC (0-24 h) to MIC ratios of over 400 was considered to be the best to predict treatment outcomes for patients."	( [Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin and prediction of pharmacodynamics in the Chinese people]. He, XR; Ji, SM; Li, L; Liu, TT; Liu, ZH; Lu, W; Zhou, TY, 2014)	0.69
" The purpose of this literature analysis is to review current evidence regarding the advantages and disadvantages of CI vancomycin in relation to II, based on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of dosing and monitoring therapy, and to identify current practices of CI vancomycin dosing."	( The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic rationale for administering vancomycin via continuous infusion. Brown, DL; Kuhn, TC; Waineo, MF, 2015)	0.86
"This was a secondary analysis of renal function parameters in 100 ICU patients from two pharmacokinetic studies on vancomycin and betalactam antibiotics."	( Estimation of creatinine clearance using plasma creatinine or cystatin C: a secondary analysis of two pharmacokinetic studies in surgical ICU patients. Beck, S; Gnewuch, C; Kees, MG; Moritz, S; Steinke, T, 2015)	0.63
" This study investigated the effect of SIRS on the pharmacokinetics of VCM by analyzing the predictability of TDM and pharmacokinetic parameters in 31 non-SIRS patients and 52 SIRS patients, with stratification by SIRS score."	( [Influence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome on the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin]. Imai, T; Irikuchi, J; Orii, T; Yoshida, Y, 2015)	0.64
" However, these pharmacokinetic differences between obese children and those with normal weights are small and may not likely to be clinically relevant in dose variation."	( Bayesian Estimation of Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics in Obese Children: Matched Case-Control Study. Bradley, JS; Capparelli, EV; Le, J; Nguyen, A; Romanowski, GL; Tran, TM; Wahid, U; Wu, YS, 2015)	0.73
"The clinical development of FtsZ-targeting benzamide compounds like PC190723 has been limited by poor drug-like and pharmacokinetic properties."	( TXA709, an FtsZ-Targeting Benzamide Prodrug with Improved Pharmacokinetics and Enhanced In Vivo Efficacy against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Kaul, M; LaVoie, EJ; Lyu, YL; Mark, L; Parhi, AK; Pawlak, J; Pilch, DS; Saravolatz, LD; Saravolatz, S; Weinstein, MP; Zhang, Y, 2015)	0.42
"To determine the pharmacokinetic parameters and compare pharmacodynamic target attainment at different dosing strategies of vancomycin in pediatric cancer patients."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics and predicted dosage requirements in pediatric cancer patients. Abdel Hadi, O; Al Omar, S; Le, J; Mubarak, S; Nazer, LH, 2016)	2.08
" Final model pharmacokinetic parameters were: CL (L/h) = 0."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics and predicted dosage requirements in pediatric cancer patients. Abdel Hadi, O; Al Omar, S; Le, J; Mubarak, S; Nazer, LH, 2016)	1.88
" The primary objective of this study was to validate a pharmacokinetic model in a pediatric hospital and determine the correlation between a calculated AUC/MIC ratio and measured trough vancomycin concentration."	( Correlation of a Vancomycin Pharmacokinetic Model and Trough Serum Concentrations in Pediatric Patients. Manasco, K; Ploessl, C; White, C, 2015)	0.95
"This study validates the clinical applicability of a pharmacokinetic model for calculating vancomycin clearance to determine patient-specific AUC over 24 hours in pediatrics."	( Correlation of a Vancomycin Pharmacokinetic Model and Trough Serum Concentrations in Pediatric Patients. Manasco, K; Ploessl, C; White, C, 2015)	0.98
"This is a prospective, matched cohort, single center, pharmacokinetic study."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in adults receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Hsu, LF; Ko, WJ; Shen, LJ; Wu, CC; Wu, FL, 2016)	0.76
"The objective of this study was to retrospectively investigate the influence of cerebral fluid drainage on the serum concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin (VCM)."	( Influence of cerebral fluid drainage on the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in neurosurgical patients. Hayashi, H; Ichie, T; Kobayashi, N; Okada, T; Sugiura, Y; Sugiyama, T; Suzuki, D; Urano, K; Yamamura, K, 2015)	0.85
" We aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model to guide vancomycin dosing in patients after neurosurgical operation."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Postoperative Neurosurgical Patients. Li, X; Mei, S; Sun, S; Wang, J; Wang, Q; Wu, Y; Zhao, Z, 2015)	0.94
"Pharmacodynamic activity in antibiotic combinations of daptomycin, vancomycin, and linezolid was investigated in a 48-h in vitro pharmacodynamic model."	( Observed Antagonistic Effect of Linezolid on Daptomycin or Vancomycin Activity against Biofilm-Forming Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Model. LaPlante, KL; Luther, MK, 2015)	0.9
" Population pharmacokinetic models were developed applying a combination of age-weight, renal function descriptors, or SCr alone."	( Renal Function Descriptors in Neonates: Which Creatinine-Based Formula Best Describes Vancomycin Clearance? Bhongsatiern, J; Constance, JE; Desai, PB; Moorthy, G; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, MG; Stockmann, C; Yu, T, 2016)	0.66
" Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of individual patients, that is, CLva and volume of distribution, were determined with maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimation."	( Evaluation of Vancomycin Prediction Methods Based on Estimated Creatinine Clearance or Trough Levels. Bruggeman, C; Croes, S; Haeseker, M; Neef, C; Stolk, L; Verbon, A, 2016)	0.79
" VCM pharmacokinetic parameters are altered in PCM patients, compared to those in other patients."	( Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in adult Chinese patients with post-craniotomy meningitis and its application in individualised dosage regimens. Huang, PF; Jiang, CZ; Jiao, Z; Lin, RF; Lin, WW; Liu, YW; Wang, CL; Wu, W, 2016)	0.72
"These data suggest that against MRSA with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1 μg/mL or less, vancomycin achieved blood pharmacodynamic targets required for the likelihood of success."	( Vancomycin Tissue Pharmacokinetics in Patients with Lower-Limb Infections via In Vivo Microdialysis. Bhalodi, AA; Housman, ST; Nicolau, DP; Nugent, J; Shepard, A, 2015)	2.08
" A population pharmacokinetic model was established."	( Pharmacokinetic Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Vancomycin in Young Children With Various Degrees of Renal Function. Chen, Y; Gao, P; Hu, J; Shen, X; Wang, Y; Xu, H; Xu, Q; Zhang, H; Zhang, L, 2016)	0.68
" The activity of telavancin against MRSA and MSSA after prior vancomycin exposure was studied in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model."	( In Vitro Pharmacodynamics of Human Simulated Exposures of Telavancin against Methicillin-Susceptible and -Resistant Staphylococcus aureus with and without Prior Vancomycin Exposure. Kuti, JL; Nicolau, DP; Thabit, AK, 2016)	0.87
" The validated model was compared with population pharmacokinetic models previously published and showed better predictive performance for trauma patients than the current one."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin and dosing recommendations for trauma patients. Barcia, E; García, B; Medellín-Garibay, SE; Ortiz-Martín, B; Romano-Moreno, S; Rueda-Naharro, A, 2016)	0.76
"Limited studies incorporating population-based pharmacokinetic modeling have been conducted to determine pharmacodynamic indices associated with nephrotoxicity during vancomycin exposure in children."	( Pharmacodynamic Characteristics of Nephrotoxicity Associated With Vancomycin Use in Children. Bradley, J; Capparelli, E; Lane, J; Le, J; Muus, R; Ngu, B; Ny, P; Romanowski, G; Vo, T, 2015)	0.85
" Based on univariate analysis, median Cmin (14."	( Pharmacodynamic Characteristics of Nephrotoxicity Associated With Vancomycin Use in Children. Bradley, J; Capparelli, E; Lane, J; Le, J; Muus, R; Ngu, B; Ny, P; Romanowski, G; Vo, T, 2015)	0.65
" The in vitro pharmacodynamic model was used to simulate three tissue exposure levels attained by administering vancomycin at 1 g every 12 h (q12h), based on the median (50th), 25th, and 10th percentile tissue area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) values observed during an in vivo microdialysis study of diabetic patients."	( In Vitro Pharmacodynamics of Vancomycin against Methicillin-Susceptible and -Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Considering the Variability in Observed Tissue Exposure. Hamada, Y; Kuti, JL; Nicolau, DP, 2016)	0.94
" In this study, both neonatal and pediatric pharmacokinetic models for vancomycin were externally evaluated and subsequently used to derive model-based dosing algorithms for neonates, infants, and children."	( Towards Rational Dosing Algorithms for Vancomycin in Neonates and Infants Based on Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Allegaert, K; de Cock, RF; Janssen, EJ; Knibbe, CA; Mouton, JW; Sherwin, CM; Simons, SH; Välitalo, PA; van den Anker, JN, 2016)	0.94
" The results were then bridged to neonates by use of population pharmacokinetic techniques and Monte Carlo simulations."	( Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin for CoNS infection: experimental basis for optimal use of vancomycin in neonates. Docobo-Pérez, F; Felton, TW; Goodwin, J; Hope, WW; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Johnson, A; Livermore, J; McEntee, L; Ramos-Martín, V; Sharland, M; Turner, MA; Whalley, S; Zhao, W, 2016)	0.76
"The AUC/MIC and Cmax/MIC ratios are the pharmacodynamic indices that best explain total and resistant cell kill in CoNS infection."	( Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin for CoNS infection: experimental basis for optimal use of vancomycin in neonates. Docobo-Pérez, F; Felton, TW; Goodwin, J; Hope, WW; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Johnson, A; Livermore, J; McEntee, L; Ramos-Martín, V; Sharland, M; Turner, MA; Whalley, S; Zhao, W, 2016)	0.76
" The FPIA method was used to measure vancomycin serum trough concentrations, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the Bayesian estimator."	( The pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Chen, EZ; Feng, J; He, J; Jiang, HT; Mao, EQ; Yang, WH, 2016)	1.01
" The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin in hemorrhagic stroke patients."	( Vancomycin Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Patients with Hemorrhagic Stroke. Durr, EA; Jordan, JD; Morbitzer, KA; Olm-Shipman, CM; Rhoney, DH; Sullivan, KA, 2016)	2.11
" Predicted pharmacokinetic parameters based on population data were compared with calculated pharmacokinetic parameters based on serum trough concentrations."	( Vancomycin Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Patients with Hemorrhagic Stroke. Durr, EA; Jordan, JD; Morbitzer, KA; Olm-Shipman, CM; Rhoney, DH; Sullivan, KA, 2016)	1.88
"001), and the mean calculated half-life was lower than predicted (5."	( Vancomycin Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Patients with Hemorrhagic Stroke. Durr, EA; Jordan, JD; Morbitzer, KA; Olm-Shipman, CM; Rhoney, DH; Sullivan, KA, 2016)	1.88
"Patients with hemorrhagic stroke exhibited pharmacokinetic alterations favoring increased elimination of vancomycin when compared to predicted pharmacokinetic parameters based on population data."	( Vancomycin Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Patients with Hemorrhagic Stroke. Durr, EA; Jordan, JD; Morbitzer, KA; Olm-Shipman, CM; Rhoney, DH; Sullivan, KA, 2016)	2.09
" We evaluated the association between clinical efficacy of vancomycin and two novel pharmacokinetic parameters, the 'area under the trough level' (AUTL) and the 'area above the trough level' (AATL), in hospitalized elderly patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia."	( Association of the clinical efficacy of vancomycin with the novel pharmacokinetic parameter area under the trough level (AUTL) in elderly patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia. Fukumori, S; Ishibashi, T; Iwamura, N; Kasai, H; Mizoguchi, A; To, H; Tsuji, Y, 2016)	0.95
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin were estimated for each patient by Bayesian analysis using population pharmacokinetic parameters for Japanese patients."	( Association of the clinical efficacy of vancomycin with the novel pharmacokinetic parameter area under the trough level (AUTL) in elderly patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia. Fukumori, S; Ishibashi, T; Iwamura, N; Kasai, H; Mizoguchi, A; To, H; Tsuji, Y, 2016)	0.99
"Efficacy of vancomycin was associated with AUTL, a novel pharmacokinetic parameter."	( Association of the clinical efficacy of vancomycin with the novel pharmacokinetic parameter area under the trough level (AUTL) in elderly patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia. Fukumori, S; Ishibashi, T; Iwamura, N; Kasai, H; Mizoguchi, A; To, H; Tsuji, Y, 2016)	1.08
" It has a large interindividual pharmacokinetic variability, which justifies monitoring its plasma concentrations in patients."	( Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Elderly Patients Aged over 80 Years. Bourguignon, L; Cazaubon, Y; Debeurme, G; Ducher, M; Goutelle, S; Loue, C, 2016)	0.76
" In this study, pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters in neurosurgical and non-neurosurgical patients were compared."	( Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in neurosurgical and non-neurosurgical patients. Choi, SA; Kim, AJ; Lee, JY; Shin, WG, 2016)	0.71
" These promising fluorinated pyrrolomycins demonstrate potent antibacterial activity against SA with favorable drug-like properties and pharmacokinetic profiles."	( Novel fluorinated pyrrolomycins as potent anti-staphylococcal biofilm agents: Design, synthesis, pharmacokinetics and antibacterial activities. Ahn, J; Alnouti, Y; Bayles, KW; Endres, JL; Gautam, N; Huang, Y; Li, J; Li, R; Liu, Y; Qiao, Z; Yang, Z; Zheng, J, 2016)	0.43
" The aim of this study was to determine vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters in this population and propose dosage optimization to achieve optimal concentration."	( Pediatric Patients With Solid or Hematological Tumor Disease: Vancomycin Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosage Optimization. André, N; Boulamery, A; Coze, C; Dupouey, J; Galambrun, C; Guilhaumou, R; Marsot, A; Simon, N, 2016)	0.94
" Vancomycin pharmacokinetic population parameters were determined using NONMEM software, and dosage simulations were performed according to the target concentration (20-25 mg/L)."	( Pediatric Patients With Solid or Hematological Tumor Disease: Vancomycin Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosage Optimization. André, N; Boulamery, A; Coze, C; Dupouey, J; Galambrun, C; Guilhaumou, R; Marsot, A; Simon, N, 2016)	1.58
" A population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for vancomycin in ECMO patients was developed using a nonlinear mixed effects modeling on the concentration-time profiles of 14 ECMO patients who received intravenous vancomycin."	( A Population Pharmacokinetic Model for Vancomycin in Adult Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Therapy. Ahamadi, M; Cavarocchi, NC; Healy, JR; Kraft, WK; Moore, JN; Peahota, MM; Schmidt, L; Thoma, BN, 2016)	0.96
" The aims of this study were to investigate the risk factors for ARC and to evaluate the influence of ARC on the pharmacokinetic parameters of VCM."	( Augmented Renal Clearance in Patients With Febrile Neutropenia is Associated With Increased Risk for Subtherapeutic Concentrations of Vancomycin. Hirai, K; Inoue, K; Ishii, H; Itoh, K; Kadoiri, T; Shimomura, T; Shimoshikiryo, T; Tsuji, D, 2016)	0.64
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of VCM were estimated through the Bayesian method using a 2-compartment model."	( Augmented Renal Clearance in Patients With Febrile Neutropenia is Associated With Increased Risk for Subtherapeutic Concentrations of Vancomycin. Hirai, K; Inoue, K; Ishii, H; Itoh, K; Kadoiri, T; Shimomura, T; Shimoshikiryo, T; Tsuji, D, 2016)	0.64
" Aminoglycosides act as planned when the peak concentration is a multiple of the MIC and vancomycin seems to work best when the area under the plasma vs."	( [Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibiotics in intensive care]. Bulitta, J; Christ, M; Glaser, R; Höhl, R; Holzgrabe, U; Junger, A; Kinzig, M; Landersdorfer, C; Munz, M; Sörgel, F; Stelzer, C; Vormittag, M; Wilhelm, M, 2017)	0.68
" This study aimed to establish TEIC personalized medicine at a steady state calculated by VCM pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Improvement of Predictivity of Teicoplanin Serum Trough Concentrations at Steady State Calculated by Vancomycin Pharmacokinetic Parameter. Ebinuma, K; Kobayashi, R; Otomo, S; Shiba, Y; Sudoh, T, 2016)	0.65
" This study aimed to extend a whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for healthy adults based on disease-related physiological changes of critically ill septic patients and to evaluate the accuracy of this PBPK model using vancomycin as a clinically relevant drug."	( Development of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling Approach to Predict the Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Critically Ill Septic Patients. Eissing, T; Ellger, B; Hempel, G; Horn, D; Lanckohr, C; Meyer, M; Radke, C, 2017)	0.85
"The literature-based PBPK model correctly predicted pharmacokinetic changes and observed plasma concentrations especially for the distribution phase as a result of a consideration of interstitial water accumulation."	( Development of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling Approach to Predict the Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Critically Ill Septic Patients. Eissing, T; Ellger, B; Hempel, G; Horn, D; Lanckohr, C; Meyer, M; Radke, C, 2017)	0.67
"Vancomycin area under the curve (AUC) estimates may be skewed in obese adults due to weight-dependent pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Peak Measurement for Vancomycin AUC Estimation in Obese Adults Improves Precision and Lowers Bias. Hong, J; Krop, L; Pai, MP, 2017)	2.22
"To determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) of vancomycin in Chinese infant patients using a population pharmacokinetic (PKK) approach in order to provide support for individualized vancomycin therapy."	( Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in Chinese infants . Chen, CY; Cui, YM; Liu, YO; Ma, LY; Sheng, XY; Zhou, Y, 2017)	1.01
" The objective was to describe the differences in vancomycin disposition in pediatric patients following cardiac arrest treated with either therapeutic hypothermia or normothermia using population pharmacokinetic modeling."	( A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis to Study the Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia on Vancomycin Disposition in Children Resuscitated From Cardiac Arrest. Gastonguay, MR; Himebauch, AS; Ramsey, EZ; Reedy, MD; Topjian, AA; Zane, NR; Zuppa, AF, 2017)	0.93
"The objectives of this study were to: 1) evaluate the prevalence of augmented renal clearance in critically ill pediatric patients using vancomycin clearance; 2) derive the pharmacokinetic model that best describes vancomycin clearance in critically ill pediatric patients; and 3) correlate vancomycin clearance with creatinine clearance estimated by modified Schwartz or Cockcroft-Gault."	( Augmented Renal Clearance Using Population-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients. Avedissian, SN; Bradley, E; Bradley, JS; Le, J; Nazer, LH; Nguyen, A; Tran, TM; Zhang, D, 2017)	0.66
" Derive final population-based pharmacokinetic model and estimate individual patient pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Augmented Renal Clearance Using Population-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients. Avedissian, SN; Bradley, E; Bradley, JS; Le, J; Nazer, LH; Nguyen, A; Tran, TM; Zhang, D, 2017)	0.46
"To evaluate the population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic target attainment of vancomycin in neonates with a contemporary ¼-inch extracorporeal life support circuit with a Quadrox-iD Pediatric oxygenator (Maquet Cardiovascular, LLC, Wayne, NJ)."	( Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment of Vancomycin in Neonates on Extracorporeal Life Support. Carella, DM; Chopra, A; Cies, JJ; Knoderer, CA; Moore, WS; Nichols, K, 2017)	0.91
"To our knowledge, this is the first pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of neonates receiving vancomycin with a contemporary ¼-inch extracorporeal life support circuit including the Quadrox-iD Pediatric oxygenator (Maquet Cardiovascular, LLC)."	( Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment of Vancomycin in Neonates on Extracorporeal Life Support. Carella, DM; Chopra, A; Cies, JJ; Knoderer, CA; Moore, WS; Nichols, K, 2017)	0.91
" We describe: (i) a vancomycin high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for rat plasma and kidney tissue homogenate; (ii) a rat pharmacokinetic (PK) study to demonstrate utility; and (iii) a catheter retention study to enable future preclinical studies."	( High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Rich Pharmacokinetic Sampling Schemes in Translational Rat Toxicity Models With Vancomycin. Chang, J; Chapman, RL; Griffin, B; Joshi, MD; Nguyen, H; O'Donnell, JN; Pais, G; Rhodes, NJ; Scheetz, MH; Venkatesan, N, 2017)	0.98
"A population pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation approach was used to evaluate the efficiency of the current nomogram-based dosing of vancomycin."	( Hospitalized Patients With and Without Hemodialysis Have Markedly Different Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics: A Population Pharmacokinetic Model-Based Analysis. Chaturvedula, A; Fossler, MJ; Goti, V; Jacob, JT; Mok, S, 2018)	0.91
"C-reactive protein (CRP) pharmacodynamic (PD) models have the potential to provide adjunctive methods for predicting the individual exposure response to antimicrobial therapy."	( Exploring the Use of C-Reactive Protein to Estimate the Pharmacodynamics of Vancomycin. Charani, E; Georgiou, P; Gilchrist, M; Holmes, AH; Hope, W; Moore, LSP; Rawson, TM, 2018)	0.71
" The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the vancomycin value obtained in the first 72 hours of treatment, assuming a bicompartmental model."	( Influence of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic ratio on vancomycin treatment response in pediatric patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Company, MJ; García-Robles, A; Marqués, MR; Poveda, JL; Ruiz, J; Solana, A, 2022)	1.22
"The application of population pharmacokinetic models and Bayesian methods offers the potential to develop individualized therapeutic approaches."	( Vancomycin in Pediatric Patients with Solid or Hematological Malignant Disease: Predictive Performance of a Population Pharmacokinetic Model and New Optimized Dosing Regimens. Andre, N; Blin, O; Coze, C; Galambrun, C; Gallais, F; Guilhaumou, R; Marsot, A, 2018)	1.92
"The current study presents an external evaluation of a vancomycin pharmacokinetic model in a pediatric cancer population and proposes an easy-to-use chart for clinicians for a priori vancomycin schedule adaptation to achieve target concentration."	( Vancomycin in Pediatric Patients with Solid or Hematological Malignant Disease: Predictive Performance of a Population Pharmacokinetic Model and New Optimized Dosing Regimens. Andre, N; Blin, O; Coze, C; Galambrun, C; Gallais, F; Guilhaumou, R; Marsot, A, 2018)	2.17
"External evaluation of a population pharmacokinetic model of vancomycin administered via continuous infusion was realized in a new retrospective dataset of pediatric patients with cancer."	( Vancomycin in Pediatric Patients with Solid or Hematological Malignant Disease: Predictive Performance of a Population Pharmacokinetic Model and New Optimized Dosing Regimens. Andre, N; Blin, O; Coze, C; Galambrun, C; Gallais, F; Guilhaumou, R; Marsot, A, 2018)	2.16
" Vancomycin has large inter- and intraindividual pharmacokinetic variability, which is mainly described by renal function; various studies have indicated that vancomycin pharmacokinetics are altered in special populations."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation. Fukushima, K; Hamori, M; Hashimoto, H; Hiramoto, N; Irie, K; Kajioka, R; Kariya, M; Kasai, H; Maruyama, C; Nishimura, A; Okada, A; Okada, Y; Shibata, N; Sugioka, N, 2018)	1.68
"Neurocritically ill patients have clinically significant alterations in pharmacokinetic parameters of renally eliminated medications that may result in subtherapeutic plasma and cerebrospinal fluid antibiotic concentrations."	( A Randomized Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Every 8-Hour and 12-Hour Dosing Strategies of Vancomycin and Cefepime in Neurocritically ill Patients. Fish, DN; Foster, CJ; Kassel, LE; Kiser, TH; MacLaren, R; Mueller, SW; Neumann, RT; Sherman, DS; Van Matre, ET; Wempe, MF, 2018)	0.69
" The primary outcomes were the achievement of pharmacodynamic (PD) targets related to time of unbound drug above minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for 60% or more of the dosing interval (fT > MIC ≥ 60%) for β-lactams and ratio of 24-hour area under the curve (AUC):MIC of 400 or greater for vancomycin."	( A Randomized Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Every 8-Hour and 12-Hour Dosing Strategies of Vancomycin and Cefepime in Neurocritically ill Patients. Fish, DN; Foster, CJ; Kassel, LE; Kiser, TH; MacLaren, R; Mueller, SW; Neumann, RT; Sherman, DS; Van Matre, ET; Wempe, MF, 2018)	0.87
" In this retrospective study, we compared the time to goal trough attainment and incidence of acute kidney injury in intensive care unit (ICU) patients whose vancomycin was dosed by a pharmacy pharmacokinetic (PK) dosing and monitoring service to the standard of care."	( Individualized Pharmacokinetic Dosing of Vancomycin Reduces Time to Therapeutic Trough Concentrations in Critically Ill Patients. Forland, SC; Smith, SR; Truong, J; Veillette, JJ, 2018)	0.94
"Rich pharmacokinetic data on vancomycin in critically ill patients are lacking."	( Prospective evaluation of vancomycin pharmacokinetics in a heterogeneous critically ill population. Chan, D; Chang, E; Elbarbry, F; Kojiro, K; Turner, RB; Won, R, 2018)	1.07
" Population-based pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters using non-capped calculated CrCl and capped CrCl were compared with patient-specific PK parameters based on serum trough concentrations."	( The Impact of Capping Creatinine Clearance on Achieving Therapeutic Vancomycin Concentrations in Neurocritically Ill Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury. Jordan, JD; Morbitzer, KA; Nelson, NR; Rhoney, DH, 2019)	0.75
"Retrospective, population pharmacokinetic analysis."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Arikan, AA; Galati, M; Moffett, BS; Morris, J; Munoz, F, 2018)	0.77
"Population pharmacokinetic analysis and simulation were performed with NONMEM v7."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Arikan, AA; Galati, M; Moffett, BS; Morris, J; Munoz, F, 2018)	0.77
" A two-compartment pharmacokinetic model with allometrically scaled weight on clearance (0."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Arikan, AA; Galati, M; Moffett, BS; Morris, J; Munoz, F, 2018)	0.77
" The aims of the present work are to present an overview of the current knowledge on vancomycin TDM and population pharmacokinetic (PPK) models relevant to specific patient subpopulations."	( Vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring and population pharmacokinetic models in special patient subpopulations. Fresco, P; Gonçalves, J; Hahn, SR; Monteiro, JF, 2018)	2.15
"Individualizing drug dosing regimens in critically ill patients on renal replacement therapy is a challenge to clinicians as guidelines are often imprecise and specific-validated pharmacokinetic software is unavailable."	( Clinical Application of Pharmacokinetics: Basis for Rational Dose Selection in a Critically Ill Patient on Renal Replacement Therapy. Janković, SM, 2019)	0.51
"A case of a septic patient on hemodialysis is presented, where a quick solution for antibiotic dose adjustment based on the application of pharmacokinetic principles was found."	( Clinical Application of Pharmacokinetics: Basis for Rational Dose Selection in a Critically Ill Patient on Renal Replacement Therapy. Janković, SM, 2019)	0.51
"Specific pharmacokinetic software and measuring plasma concentrations of the drugs should be used for calculation of total drug clearance and dose adjustment whenever possible."	( Clinical Application of Pharmacokinetics: Basis for Rational Dose Selection in a Critically Ill Patient on Renal Replacement Therapy. Janković, SM, 2019)	0.51
"Uncertainty exists regarding the optimal dosing regimen for vancomycin in different patient populations, leading to a plethora of subgroup-specific pharmacokinetic models and derived dosing regimens."	( Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics Throughout Life: Results from a Pooled Population Analysis and Evaluation of Current Dosing Recommendations. Adane, ED; Allegaert, K; Barcia, E; Colin, PJ; de Hoog, M; Dolton, M; Eleveld, DJ; Lo, YL; Martín-Suarez, A; Roberts, JA; Santos-Buelga, D; Simon, N; Struys, MMRF; Taccone, FS; Thomson, AH; Touw, DJ; Yamamoto, M, 2019)	2.2
" We prospectively collected pharmacokinetic data aiming to describe pharmacokinetics and determine covariates contributing to the variability in neonatal vancomycin pharmacokinetics."	( Development and external evaluation of a population pharmacokinetic model for continuous and intermittent administration of vancomycin in neonates and infants using prospectively collected data. Busquets, FB; Germovsek, E; Gunaratnam, F; Lounis, SA; Osborne, L; Sinha, AK; Standing, JF, 2019)	0.92
"3 was used for population pharmacokinetic analysis."	( Development and external evaluation of a population pharmacokinetic model for continuous and intermittent administration of vancomycin in neonates and infants using prospectively collected data. Busquets, FB; Germovsek, E; Gunaratnam, F; Lounis, SA; Osborne, L; Sinha, AK; Standing, JF, 2019)	0.72
"A population pharmacokinetic model for continuous and intermittent vancomycin administration in infants was developed."	( Development and external evaluation of a population pharmacokinetic model for continuous and intermittent administration of vancomycin in neonates and infants using prospectively collected data. Busquets, FB; Germovsek, E; Gunaratnam, F; Lounis, SA; Osborne, L; Sinha, AK; Standing, JF, 2019)	0.96
" We demonstrated the use of ISF collected in this way for therapeutic drug monitoring by showing similar vancomycin pharmacokinetic profiles in ISF and serum from rats."	( Monitoring drug pharmacokinetics and immunologic biomarkers in dermal interstitial fluid using a microneedle patch. Knaack, J; Kolluru, C; Noel, RK; Prausnitz, MR; Williams, M; Yeh, JS, 2019)	0.73
" Population pharmacokinetic analysis determined that dosing of vancomycin should be weight based using fat-free mass, with appropriate adjustment for kidney dysfunction."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Vancomycin Dosing in the Large Pediatric Patient. Akcan Arikan, A; Dutta, A; Ivaturi, V; Moffett, BS; Morris, J, 2019)	1.02
" Van in the form of a conjugate with TP10 acquires superior pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic."	( Transportan 10 improves the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vancomycin. Alenowicz, M; Gągało, I; Kawiak, A; Kocić, I; Kozłowska, A; Rekowski, P; Ruczyński, J; Rusiecka, I; Turecka, K; Waleron, K, 2019)	0.75
"Dosing of vancomycin is often guided by therapeutic drug monitoring and population pharmacokinetic models in the intensive care unit (ICU)."	( External Evaluation of Population Pharmacokinetic Models of Vancomycin in Large Cohorts of Intensive Care Unit Patients. Bosman, RJ; Elbers, PWG; Fleuren, LM; Girbes, ARJ; Guo, T; Mathot, RAA; Roggeveen, LF; Thoral, PJ; van der Voort, PHJ; van Hest, RM, 2019)	1.16
" A population pharmacokinetic approach was used to analyze vancomycin concentration-time data from a large pediatric cohort."	( Revising Pediatric Vancomycin Dosing Accounting for Nephrotoxicity in a Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Model. Booth, J; Dixon, G; Hill, LF; Irwin, AD; Klein, N; Kloprogge, F; Standing, JF, 2019)	1.09
" Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using non-linear mixed effects modeling with neutropenia investigated as a binary covariate on clearance and volume of distribution of vancomycin."	( The effect of neutropenia on the clinical pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in adults. Bury, D; Deenen, MJ; Grouls, RJ; Nijziel, MR; Ter Heine, R; van de Garde, EMW, 2019)	0.95
" In total, 742 paired time-concentration observations were available for the pharmacokinetic analysis."	( The effect of neutropenia on the clinical pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in adults. Bury, D; Deenen, MJ; Grouls, RJ; Nijziel, MR; Ter Heine, R; van de Garde, EMW, 2019)	0.75
" We designed this study to describe an optimal dose regimen for cephalosporin and vancomycin based on pharmacokinetic evidence for infant open-heart surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass."	( Pharmacokinetics of Cefazolin and Vancomycin in Infants Undergoing Open-Heart Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Gutierrez, K; Ingrande, J; Lemmens, HJ; Nicolau, DP; Ramamoorthy, C; Sutherland, CA; Verma, A, 2019)	1.02
" Plasma concentrations of vancomycin (cohort 1, N = 10) and cefazolin (cohort 2, N = 10) were measured, and mixed-effects pharmacokinetic models were constructed for each drug."	( Pharmacokinetics of Cefazolin and Vancomycin in Infants Undergoing Open-Heart Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Gutierrez, K; Ingrande, J; Lemmens, HJ; Nicolau, DP; Ramamoorthy, C; Sutherland, CA; Verma, A, 2019)	1.09
"To identify the pharmacokinetic (PK) and toxicodynamic (TD) relationship for vancomycin-induced kidney injury."	( Twenty-four hour pharmacokinetic relationships for intravenous vancomycin and novel urinary biomarkers of acute kidney injury in a rat model. Avedissian, SN; Becher, L; Gulati, A; Hope, W; Joshi, MD; Lamar, PC; Liu, J; Lodise, TP; O'Donnell, JN; Pais, GM; Prozialeck, WC; Scheetz, MH, 2019)	0.98
" AUC0-24h, Cmax 0-24h and Cmin 0-24h) were calculated."	( Twenty-four hour pharmacokinetic relationships for intravenous vancomycin and novel urinary biomarkers of acute kidney injury in a rat model. Avedissian, SN; Becher, L; Gulati, A; Hope, W; Joshi, MD; Lamar, PC; Liu, J; Lodise, TP; O'Donnell, JN; Pais, GM; Prozialeck, WC; Scheetz, MH, 2019)	0.75
"66) and Cmax 0-24h versus KIM-1 and osteopontin (R2 = 0."	( Twenty-four hour pharmacokinetic relationships for intravenous vancomycin and novel urinary biomarkers of acute kidney injury in a rat model. Avedissian, SN; Becher, L; Gulati, A; Hope, W; Joshi, MD; Lamar, PC; Liu, J; Lodise, TP; O'Donnell, JN; Pais, GM; Prozialeck, WC; Scheetz, MH, 2019)	0.75
"Vancomycin-induced kidney injury as defined by urinary biomarkers is driven by vancomycin AUC or Cmax rather than Cmin."	( Twenty-four hour pharmacokinetic relationships for intravenous vancomycin and novel urinary biomarkers of acute kidney injury in a rat model. Avedissian, SN; Becher, L; Gulati, A; Hope, W; Joshi, MD; Lamar, PC; Liu, J; Lodise, TP; O'Donnell, JN; Pais, GM; Prozialeck, WC; Scheetz, MH, 2019)	2.2
" The aim of this study is to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model and dosing regimen for vancomycin in HDF patients and to evaluate its applicability in low-flux (LF-HD) patients."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetic model development in patients on intermittent online hemodiafiltration. Franssen, CFM; Proost, JH; Touw, DJ; van Buren, M; Westra, N; Wilms, EB, 2019)	2.17
" A one-compartment pharmacokinetic model with inter-occasion variability of clearance and volume of distribution before and after 72 h adequately described the data."	( Vancomycin population pharmacokinetics for adult patients with sepsis or septic shock: are current dosing regimens sufficient? Germano, A; Heffernan, AJ; Kimura, E; Roberts, JA; Sime, FB, 2019)	1.96
" Renal function and pharmacokinetic parameters were compared between the non-cachexia patients (n = 26) and total cancer cachexia patients (n = 60)."	( Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics in Patients with Advanced Cancer Near End of Life. Echizen, H; Kato, T; Nakayama, H; Suzuki, M, 2019)	1.96
" The methods used to estimate renal function should not be considered interchangeable with pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling and model-based estimation of vancomycin pharmacokinetics."	( A new population pharmacokinetic model for vancomycin in patients with variable renal function: Therapeutic drug monitoring based on extended covariate model using CKD-EPI estimation. Ahn, S; Jung, J; Kiem, S; Kim, DJ; Kim, SW; Lee, DH; Shin, JG, 2019)	0.98
" A population pharmacokinetic (PPK) analysis was performed to provide a reference for clinical individual therapy of vancomycin in in ARC patients."	( Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in Chinese patients with augmented renal clearance. Chu, Y; Ji, S; Jiang, M; Luo, Y; Zhou, B, 2020)	1.05
"In this study, a simple population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of vancomycin in Chinese patients with ARC was established using a nonlinear mixed-effects model (NONMEM)."	( Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in Chinese patients with augmented renal clearance. Chu, Y; Ji, S; Jiang, M; Luo, Y; Zhou, B, 2020)	1.08
" However, in almost all population pharmacokinetic models of vancomycin, the GFR is usually estimated from SCR."	( Development and comparison of population pharmacokinetic models of vancomycin in neurosurgical patients based on two different renal function markers. Chen, M; Guo, Q; Jing, L; Liu, TT; Lu, JJ; Lv, CL, 2020)	1.04
" Among these patients, the data from 222 patients were used to establish two population pharmacokinetic models based on sGFR and cGFR, separately."	( Development and comparison of population pharmacokinetic models of vancomycin in neurosurgical patients based on two different renal function markers. Chen, M; Guo, Q; Jing, L; Liu, TT; Lu, JJ; Lv, CL, 2020)	0.79
"The pharmacokinetics of vancomycin (VAN) was retrospectively examined based on trough concentrations at large scale to identify pharmacokinetic differences between Japanese hematologic malignancy and non-malignancy patients."	( Augmented Renal Clearance of Vancomycin in Hematologic Malignancy Patients. Hasegawa, H; Horino, T; Imai, M; Izumisawa, T; Kaneko, T; Soma, M; Takahashi, N; Wakui, N, 2019)	1.11
"Most of the current published population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models are based on serum creatinine, but we often encounter an underestimation of its concentration in our clinical work."	( Comparison of the Predictive Performance Between Cystatin C and Serum Creatinine by Vancomycin via a Population Pharmacokinetic Models: A Prospective Study in a Chinese Population. Chen, M; Liu, TT; Lu, JJ; Lv, CL; Zhang, R, 2020)	0.78
" Developing modelling and simulation tools, such as physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models that incorporate developmental physiology and maturation of drug metabolism, can be used to predict drug exposure in this group of patients, and may help to optimize drug dose adjustment."	( Preterm Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model. Part II: Applications of the Model to Predict Drug Pharmacokinetics in the Preterm Population. Abduljalil, K; Jamei, M; Johnson, TN; Pan, X; Pansari, A, 2020)	0.56
"Vancomycin pharmacokinetic (PK) data (total serum concentrations) were obtained from 55 intensive care unit (ICU) patients (Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam) receiving a 20 mg/kg loading dose followed by continuous infusion stratified by creatinine clearance (CLCr)."	( Determination of optimal loading and maintenance doses for continuous infusion of vancomycin in critically ill patients: Population pharmacokinetic modelling and simulations for improved dosing schemes. Dao, XC; Delattre, IK; Do, HG; Ho, TT; Nguyen, DA; Nguyen, GB; Nguyen, HA; Pham, HN; Tran, NT; Tulkens, PM; Van Bambeke, F; Vu, DH, 2019)	2.18
"A retrospective, multicenter pharmacokinetic analysis of adults treated with vancomycin and monitored through measurement of peak and trough concentrations was performed."	( Vancomycin volume of distribution estimation in adults with class III obesity. Crass, RL; Dunn, RD; Hong, J; Krop, LC; Pai, MP, 2019)	2.19
" Two postdistribution vancomycin concentrations are needed to accurately determine patient-specific pharmacokinetic parameters, estimate area under the curve, and improve the precision of vancomycin dosing in this patient population."	( Vancomycin volume of distribution estimation in adults with class III obesity. Crass, RL; Dunn, RD; Hong, J; Krop, LC; Pai, MP, 2019)	2.27
"To compare a Bayesian clinical decision support (CDS) dose-optimizing software program with clinician judgement in individualizing vancomycin dosing regimens to achieve vancomycin pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) targets in a paediatric population."	( Bayesian clinical decision support-guided versus clinician-guided vancomycin dosing in attainment of targeted pharmacokinetic parameters in a paediatric population. Faldasz, JD; Goswami, S; Hughes, DM; Hughes, MA; Keizer, RJ, 2020)	1
"The present study aimed to establish a population pharmacokinetic model of vancomycin, including adult critically ill septic patients, with normal and impaired renal function."	( Population pharmacokinetic model of Vancomycin based on therapeutic drug monitoring data in critically ill septic patients. Avram, S; Dragic, S; Jovanovic, M; Kovacevic, P; Kovacevic, T; Miljkovic, B; Momcicevic, D; Vucicevic, K, 2020)	1.06
"The final one-compartment pharmacokinetic model includes the effect of CrCl on CL."	( Population pharmacokinetic model of Vancomycin based on therapeutic drug monitoring data in critically ill septic patients. Avram, S; Dragic, S; Jovanovic, M; Kovacevic, P; Kovacevic, T; Miljkovic, B; Momcicevic, D; Vucicevic, K, 2020)	0.83
" In silico pharmacodynamic models based on stochastic simulations (Monte Carlo) are important tools to estimate best antimicrobial regimens in different scenarios."	( Pharmacodynamic comparison of different antimicrobial regimens against Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections with elevated vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration. Cuba, GT; da Costa, TM; Dos Santos, KRN; Kiffer, CRV; Morgado, PGM; Nicolau, DP; Nouér, SA, 2020)	0.76
" This review aimed at providing a synthesis of population pharmacokinetic models of vancomycin in adults, determining the most reported pharmacokinetic models, and identifying various sources of variability in different special subpopulations to better inform vancomycin dosing."	( An Update on Population Pharmacokinetic Analyses of Vancomycin, Part I: In Adults. Aljutayli, A; Marsot, A; Nekka, F, 2020)	1.03
" Due to pharmacodynamic reasons, the target concentration corresponds to the concentration producing the half-maximum effect."	( [Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in extracorporeal renal replacement therapy]. Kächele, M; Keller, F, 2021)	0.62
"The pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of drugs are affected in several ways by interactions with microbiota."	( Impact of Vancomycin-Induced Changes in the Intestinal Microbiota on the Pharmacokinetics of Simvastatin. Cho, JY; Jang, IJ; Ji, SC; Kim, AH; Lee, S; Sunwoo, J; Yu, KS, 2020)	0.96
" This study aimed to acquire the concentration of vancomycin in the renal tubules and kidneys in humans using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation."	( New insights into the vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity using in vitro metabolomics combined with physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. Du, H; Li, X; Li, Z; Lin, Y; Wei, Y; Yang, Y; Zhuang, X, 2020)	1.13
" First, the JPKD-vancomycin software was used to calculate the initial regimen and predict the steady-state trough concentration according to the results calculated by classic pharmacokinetic software Vancomycin Calculator."	( [Predictive performance of population pharmacokinetic software on vancomycin steady-state trough concentration]. Fang, J; Li, J; Lu, H; Shi, L; Tang, L; Xue, S; Yu, Y; Zhou, Q, 2020)	1.13
"Vancomycin empiric therapy is commonly dosed using clinical algorithms adapted from population-predicted pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Concordance of Vancomycin Population-Predicted Pharmacokinetics with Patient-Specific Pharmacokinetics in Adult Hospitalized Patients: A Case Series. Beyl, RA; Brakta, F; Ezebuenyi, MC; Gillard, CJ; Lambert, J; Neuliep, A; Okogbaa, JI; Onor, IO; St James, K; Tran, KA, 2020)	2.35
"This is a single-center case series of hospitalized adult patients who received vancomycin, had creatinine clearance calculation for derivation of population-predicted pharmacokinetic parameters, and had two vancomycin concentrations for calculation of patient-specific pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Concordance of Vancomycin Population-Predicted Pharmacokinetics with Patient-Specific Pharmacokinetics in Adult Hospitalized Patients: A Case Series. Beyl, RA; Brakta, F; Ezebuenyi, MC; Gillard, CJ; Lambert, J; Neuliep, A; Okogbaa, JI; Onor, IO; St James, K; Tran, KA, 2020)	1.14
"In this case series, population-predicted pharmacokinetic parameters were strongly correlated with patient-specific pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Concordance of Vancomycin Population-Predicted Pharmacokinetics with Patient-Specific Pharmacokinetics in Adult Hospitalized Patients: A Case Series. Beyl, RA; Brakta, F; Ezebuenyi, MC; Gillard, CJ; Lambert, J; Neuliep, A; Okogbaa, JI; Onor, IO; St James, K; Tran, KA, 2020)	0.91
" Our aim was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) characteristics of meropenem and vancomycin in patients undergoing SLED."	( Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Characteristics of Vancomycin and Meropenem in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Sustained Low-efficiency Dialysis. Cavani Jorge Santos, SR; Chaves, L; Levin, AS; Macedo, E; Machado, AS; Mendes, ET; Oliveira, MS; Perdigão Neto, LV; Sanches, C; Vieira da Silva, C, 2020)	1.02
" Additionally, in depth pharmacokinetic analyses of intravenously administered vancomycin revealed a deep compartment slowly releasing the compound over many hours into the blood."	( New Insights Into the Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin After Oral and Intravenous Administration: An Investigation in Beagle Dogs. Burhenne, J; Haefeli, WE; Meid, AD; Mikus, G; Sauter, M; Uhl, P, 2020)	1.05
"Determine the pharmacokinetic disposition of vancomycin in the pediatric ventricular assist device population."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in the Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device Population. Akcan-Arikan, A; Anders, M; Humlicek, TJ; Moffett, BS; Tume, S, 2020)	1.1
"A retrospective, population pharmacokinetic study."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in the Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device Population. Akcan-Arikan, A; Anders, M; Humlicek, TJ; Moffett, BS; Tume, S, 2020)	0.84
"Patient data were summarized by using descriptive statistical methods, and population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by using NONMEM (Icon, PLC, Dublin, Ireland)."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in the Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device Population. Akcan-Arikan, A; Anders, M; Humlicek, TJ; Moffett, BS; Tume, S, 2020)	0.84
" A one-compartment pharmacokinetic model best fit the data with allometric scaling on clearance and volume of distribution."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in the Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device Population. Akcan-Arikan, A; Anders, M; Humlicek, TJ; Moffett, BS; Tume, S, 2020)	0.84
" We examined the pharmacokinetics of VAN retrospectively based on trough concentrations at large scale and identified pharmacokinetic differences between Japanese patients having solid malignancy and non-malignancy patients."	( Increased Vancomycin Clearance in Patients with Solid Malignancies. Hasegawa, H; Horino, T; Imai, M; Izumisawa, T; Kaneko, T; Saito, D; Soma, M; Takahashi, N; Wakui, N, 2020)	0.96
"The half-life of vancomycin in the neonates undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was significantly prolonged compared with that in the controls (17."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in critically ill neonates receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. An, SH; Gwak, HS; Kim, JY; Lee, EM, 2020)	2.34
"A population pharmacokinetic model was developed using a non-linear mixed-effects modelling approach (NONMEM) with amikacin concentration-time data collected from clinical practice (75% hypoalbuminaemic patients)."	( Amikacin initial dosage in patients with hypoalbuminaemia: an interactive tool based on a population pharmacokinetic approach. Calvo, MV; Lanao, JM; Martín-Suárez, A; Pérez-Blanco, JS; Sáez Fernández, EM, 2020)	0.56
" Estimated amikacin population pharmacokinetic parameters were CL (L/h) = 0."	( Amikacin initial dosage in patients with hypoalbuminaemia: an interactive tool based on a population pharmacokinetic approach. Calvo, MV; Lanao, JM; Martín-Suárez, A; Pérez-Blanco, JS; Sáez Fernández, EM, 2020)	0.56
" AMKdose could be useful for guiding initial amikacin dose selection before any individual pharmacokinetic information is available."	( Amikacin initial dosage in patients with hypoalbuminaemia: an interactive tool based on a population pharmacokinetic approach. Calvo, MV; Lanao, JM; Martín-Suárez, A; Pérez-Blanco, JS; Sáez Fernández, EM, 2020)	0.56
" It is unclear if ECMO affects vancomycin pharmacokinetics, thus we modeled the pharmacokinetic behavior of vancomycin according to ECMO-specific variables."	( Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Pre- and Post-Oxygenator Vancomycin Concentrations in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Prospective Observational Study. Al-Qamari, A; Avedissian, SN; Bohling, T; Mahmoud, AA; Pham, M; Scheetz, MH, 2020)	1.09
" Bayesian posterior concentrations of the pre- and post-oxygenator concentrations were obtained for each patient, and summary pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated."	( Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Pre- and Post-Oxygenator Vancomycin Concentrations in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Prospective Observational Study. Al-Qamari, A; Avedissian, SN; Bohling, T; Mahmoud, AA; Pham, M; Scheetz, MH, 2020)	0.81
" As it has a relatively narrow therapeutic window, it is imperative to develop a sensitive and reliable analytical method for drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic purposes."	( A sensitive HPLC-UV method for quantifying vancomycin in biological matrices: Application to pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies in rat plasma, skin and lymph nodes. Courtenay, AJ; Donnelly, RF; McAlister, E; McCarthy, HO; McCrudden, MTC; Permana, AD; Ramadon, D; Tekko, IA, 2020)	0.82
" The elimination half-life of vancomycin decreased from 64."	( Pharmacokinetics and dosing of vancomycin in patients undergoing sustained low efficiency daily diafiltration (SLEDD-f): A prospective study. Ko, WJ; Lin, SY; Shen, LJ; Wu, CC; Wu, FL; Wu, VC, 2021)	1.2
"Vancomycin pharmacokinetic data in critically ill patients receiving sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED) is limited."	( Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Sustained Low-Efficiency Dialysis. Bress, J; Hite, MS; Rider, TR; Silinskie, KM, 2020)	2.32
" Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for vancomycin that is suitable for Thai patients with variable renal functions, including those with unstable renal function."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Vancomycin in Thai Patients With Heterogeneous and Unstable Renal Function. D'Argenio, DZ; Jaisue, S; Pongsakul, C; Sermsappasuk, P, 2020)	1.05
" A population pharmacokinetic model was developed that incorporated drug clearance (CL) as a function of time-varying creatine clearance (CrCL)."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Vancomycin in Thai Patients With Heterogeneous and Unstable Renal Function. D'Argenio, DZ; Jaisue, S; Pongsakul, C; Sermsappasuk, P, 2020)	0.83
" Plasma CysC was measured within 24 hours before intravenous vancomycin (baseline) initiation or immediately after enrollment and along with the third pharmacokinetic sample."	( Effect of Cystatin C on Vancomycin Clearance Estimation in Critically Ill Children Using a Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling Approach. Downes, KJ; Zane, NR; Zuppa, AF, 2020)	1.11
" This suggests that utilising cystatin C-based eGFR equations could result in better accuracy and precision to predict vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters."	( A Meta-Analysis on the Performance of Cystatin C- versus Creatinine-based eGFR Equations in Predicting Vancomycin Clearance. Abdul Gafor, AH; Islahudin, FH; Makmor-Bakry, M; Mohd Saffian, S; Mohd Tahir, NA, 2020)	0.98
" However, precise dosing of vancomycin is difficult in children because of high interindividual variability and limited data of pharmacokinetic profiles."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Study of Vancomycin in Chinese Pediatric Patients with Hematological Malignancies. Fang, L; Gao, P; Hu, Y; Huang, L; Ni, Y; Wang, H; Wang, J; Yang, J; Zhang, L; Zhu, Z, 2020)	1.13
"This was a retrospective pharmacokinetic study."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Study of Vancomycin in Chinese Pediatric Patients with Hematological Malignancies. Fang, L; Gao, P; Hu, Y; Huang, L; Ni, Y; Wang, H; Wang, J; Yang, J; Zhang, L; Zhu, Z, 2020)	0.83
" Patients were separated into cohorts based on whether they had two concentrations assessed after the first dose of vancomycin and were subsequently dosed based on personalized pharmacokinetic calculations (first-dose kinetics) or whether they were empirically dosed using population estimates."	( First-Dose Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics Versus Empiric Dosing on Area-Under-the-Curve Target Attainment in Critically Ill Patients. Burgess, DS; Cook, AM; Delozier, NL; Effoe, SA; Flannery, AH; Wallace, KL, 2020)	1.16
"A dosing strategy using two vancomycin serum concentrations after the first dose and calculating personalized pharmacokinetic parameters to guide subsequent dosing is associated with greater AUC target attainment at SS compared with empiric dosing of vancomycin in critically ill adults with relatively stable renal function."	( First-Dose Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics Versus Empiric Dosing on Area-Under-the-Curve Target Attainment in Critically Ill Patients. Burgess, DS; Cook, AM; Delozier, NL; Effoe, SA; Flannery, AH; Wallace, KL, 2020)	1.24
" This pilot population pharmacokinetic modelling study examines the pharmacokinetic behaviour of intraventricular vancomycin in the preterm population of < 28 weeks gestation, to inform the feasibility of future prospective studies."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Intraventricular Vancomycin in Neonatal Ventriculitis, A Preterm Pilot Study. Albur, M; Heep, A; Kloprogge, F; Parasuraman, JM; Standing, JF, 2021)	1.09
"This pilot population pharmacokinetic analysis provides important information to warrant changes in the management of intraventricular vancomycin treatment in the preterm population, such as the current use of VI as a dosing parameter."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Intraventricular Vancomycin in Neonatal Ventriculitis, A Preterm Pilot Study. Albur, M; Heep, A; Kloprogge, F; Parasuraman, JM; Standing, JF, 2021)	1.08
"For the population pharmacokinetic model patients were recruited in a neurocritical care unit at the University Hospital of Muenster in the period between January 2014 and June 2015."	( Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in patients with external ventricular drain-associated ventriculitis. Arnemann, PH; Ertmer, C; Gastine, S; Hempel, G; Hessler, M; Jalusic, KO; Kampmeier, TG; Spiekermann, C, 2021)	0.91
" The final population pharmacokinetic model is a three-compartment model with linear elimination."	( Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in patients with external ventricular drain-associated ventriculitis. Arnemann, PH; Ertmer, C; Gastine, S; Hempel, G; Hessler, M; Jalusic, KO; Kampmeier, TG; Spiekermann, C, 2021)	0.91
"Over the past decade, numerous obesity-specific pharmacokinetic (PK) models and dosage regimens have been developed."	( Do Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics Differ Between Obese and Non-obese Patients? Comparison of a General-Purpose and Four Obesity-Specific Pharmacokinetic Models. Colin, PJ; Eleveld, DJ; Hart, A; Thomson, AH, 2021)	1.24
" Although the clinical applicability of vancomycin for infants has been increasing, the pharmacokinetic data for vancomycin in extremely low-birth-weight infants are limited."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis and Dose Regimen Optimization in Japanese Infants with an Extremely Low Birth Weight. Aoki, K; Arakawa, R; Hanada, K; Sasano, H, 2021)	0.89
" There is a need to evaluate the predictive performance of the population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model used for individual calculation of dosage regimens in ARC patients."	( Predictive performance of reported vancomycin population pharmacokinetic model in patients with different renal function status, especially those with augmented renal clearance. Duan, LF; Li, JJ; Li, L; Lu, HD; Lu, J; Shen, Y; Shi, L; Tang, L; Xue, SD; Yu, YX; Zhuang, ZW, 2022)	1
" VCM dosage, trough concentration, area under the curve (AUC) and pharmacokinetic parameters were compared among the three groups."	( Predictive performance of reported vancomycin population pharmacokinetic model in patients with different renal function status, especially those with augmented renal clearance. Duan, LF; Li, JJ; Li, L; Lu, HD; Lu, J; Shen, Y; Shi, L; Tang, L; Xue, SD; Yu, YX; Zhuang, ZW, 2022)	1
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of VCM were diverse in patients with different renal function status."	( Predictive performance of reported vancomycin population pharmacokinetic model in patients with different renal function status, especially those with augmented renal clearance. Duan, LF; Li, JJ; Li, L; Lu, HD; Lu, J; Shen, Y; Shi, L; Tang, L; Xue, SD; Yu, YX; Zhuang, ZW, 2022)	1
"Current guidelines on vancomycin dosing lack specific recommendations about its dosing in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients, the objective of the current study was to compare vancomycin pharmacokinetic variables in this population with those of general population."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Arjangpour, S; Mousavi, SA; Sadeghi, K; Solduzian, M, 2022)	2.48
"A prospective study was designed and the calculated parameters of vancomycin pharmacokinetic were compared with individualized parameters."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Arjangpour, S; Mousavi, SA; Sadeghi, K; Solduzian, M, 2022)	2.4
"The dosing methods which use population-based pharmacokinetic variables does not result in desired therapeutic levels in HSCT patients, mainly because of larger vancomycin volume of distribution."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Arjangpour, S; Mousavi, SA; Sadeghi, K; Solduzian, M, 2022)	2.36
" The aim of this study was to describe a population pharmacokinetic model of vancomycin for optimizing the dose regimen for ICU patients."	( Population pharmacokinetic modeling and clinical application of vancomycin in Chinese patients hospitalized in intensive care units. Chen, DY; Chen, LH; Cui, K; Jiang, ZL; Lin, Z; Zhang, S; Zhu, YW, 2021)	1.09
"We evaluated the pharmacokinetic and clinical outcomes of a PK-guided dosing advisory program, pharmacokinetic consultation service (PKCS), in vancomycin treatment."	( Individualized Vancomycin Dosing with Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacokinetic Consultation Service: A Large-Scale Retrospective Observational Study. Hwang, NY; Kim, K; Kim, SM; Lee, HS; Lee, SY; Park, HD, 2021)	1.18
" Current and past practices for pharmacokinetic dose optimization use serum drug assays to guide dose adjustment to effectively balance efficacy and the risks of toxicity."	( Unexpected Vancomycin Pharmacokinetic Profile Secondary to Macromolecular Complexing: A Case Series. Baumann, NA; Go, JR; Rice, ML; Rivera, CG; Saleh, OA; Stevens, RW; Zeuli, JD, 2021)	1.01
" Due to different changes in pharmacokinetics, which cannot always be estimated from the physical and chemical properties of drug molecular structure, it is important to assess pharmacokinetic properties of a particular drug rather than looking for general rules for the most appropriate dosing."	( Obesity-associated changes in drug pharmacokinetics. Hartinger, JM; Pilková, A, 2020)	0.56
"Various population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models for vancomycin in children and adolescents have been constructed to optimize the therapeutic regimen of vancomycin."	( Systematic external evaluation of reported population pharmacokinetic models of vancomycin in Chinese children and adolescents. Chen, M; Chen, Y; Jing, L; Li, C; Liu, TT; Lu, J; Lv, C; Wei, Y; Zhang, R; Zhou, S, 2021)	1.1
" Pharmacokinetic characteristics and covariates, such as weight, renal function, age and underlying disease should be taken into account when extrapolating the vancomycin model."	( Systematic external evaluation of reported population pharmacokinetic models of vancomycin in Chinese children and adolescents. Chen, M; Chen, Y; Jing, L; Li, C; Liu, TT; Lu, J; Lv, C; Wei, Y; Zhang, R; Zhou, S, 2021)	1.04
" As part of an antibiotic stewardship program, we implemented internal guidelines on correct vancomycin dosing, TDM timing, as well as targeted trough level range and installed a pharmacokinetic (PK) consultation service to adapt vancomycin dosing to individually calculated PK parameters."	( Pediatric Antibiotic Stewardship: Optimization of Vancomycin Therapy Based on Individual Pharmacokinetics. Huebner, J; Kreitmeyr, K; Mikolajczyk, R; Pecar, A; von Both, U, 2021)	1.09
"Population pharmacokinetic evaluations have been widely used in neonatal pharmacokinetic studies, while machine learning has become a popular approach to solving complex problems in the current era of big data."	( Drug Clearance in Neonates: A Combination of Population Pharmacokinetic Modelling and Machine Learning Approaches to Improve Individual Prediction. Allegaert, K; Biran, V; Burggraaf, J; Capparelli, EV; Guan, Z; Hao, GX; Huang, X; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Kou, C; Leroux, S; Li, X; Lo, YL; Lutsar, I; Manolis, E; Marques, R; Meibohm, B; Peris, JE; Saito, J; Shen, AD; Shi, HY; Simon, N; Tang, BH; Thomson, AH; van den Anker, J; Wang, TY; Wang, WQ; Wang, XL; Wu, YE; Xu, BP; Xu, HY; Yao, BF; Zhao, W; Zheng, Y; Zhou, Y, 2021)	0.62
"The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to evaluate whether combining population pharmacokinetic and machine learning approaches could provide a more accurate prediction of the clearance of renally eliminated drugs in individual neonates."	( Drug Clearance in Neonates: A Combination of Population Pharmacokinetic Modelling and Machine Learning Approaches to Improve Individual Prediction. Allegaert, K; Biran, V; Burggraaf, J; Capparelli, EV; Guan, Z; Hao, GX; Huang, X; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Kou, C; Leroux, S; Li, X; Lo, YL; Lutsar, I; Manolis, E; Marques, R; Meibohm, B; Peris, JE; Saito, J; Shen, AD; Shi, HY; Simon, N; Tang, BH; Thomson, AH; van den Anker, J; Wang, TY; Wang, WQ; Wang, XL; Wu, YE; Xu, BP; Xu, HY; Yao, BF; Zhao, W; Zheng, Y; Zhou, Y, 2021)	0.62
" Individual estimates of clearance obtained from population pharmacokinetic models were used as reference clearances, and diverse machine learning methods and nested cross-validation were adopted and evaluated against these reference clearances."	( Drug Clearance in Neonates: A Combination of Population Pharmacokinetic Modelling and Machine Learning Approaches to Improve Individual Prediction. Allegaert, K; Biran, V; Burggraaf, J; Capparelli, EV; Guan, Z; Hao, GX; Huang, X; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Kou, C; Leroux, S; Li, X; Lo, YL; Lutsar, I; Manolis, E; Marques, R; Meibohm, B; Peris, JE; Saito, J; Shen, AD; Shi, HY; Simon, N; Tang, BH; Thomson, AH; van den Anker, J; Wang, TY; Wang, WQ; Wang, XL; Wu, YE; Xu, BP; Xu, HY; Yao, BF; Zhao, W; Zheng, Y; Zhou, Y, 2021)	0.62
"A combined population pharmacokinetic and machine learning approach provided improved predictions of individual clearances of renally cleared drugs in neonates."	( Drug Clearance in Neonates: A Combination of Population Pharmacokinetic Modelling and Machine Learning Approaches to Improve Individual Prediction. Allegaert, K; Biran, V; Burggraaf, J; Capparelli, EV; Guan, Z; Hao, GX; Huang, X; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Kou, C; Leroux, S; Li, X; Lo, YL; Lutsar, I; Manolis, E; Marques, R; Meibohm, B; Peris, JE; Saito, J; Shen, AD; Shi, HY; Simon, N; Tang, BH; Thomson, AH; van den Anker, J; Wang, TY; Wang, WQ; Wang, XL; Wu, YE; Xu, BP; Xu, HY; Yao, BF; Zhao, W; Zheng, Y; Zhou, Y, 2021)	0.62
"Critically ill children may exhibit varied vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters mainly due to altered protein binding, extracellular volume, and renal elimination."	( Population Pharmacokinetics and Dose Optimization of Vancomycin in Critically Ill Children. Abbasi, MY; Mulubwa, M; Sridharan, K, 2021)	1.13
" A one-compartment pharmacokinetic model with linear elimination described the concentration-time profile well."	( Population Pharmacokinetics and Dose Optimization of Vancomycin in Critically Ill Children. Abbasi, MY; Mulubwa, M; Sridharan, K, 2021)	0.87
"We established pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin for critically ill children."	( Population Pharmacokinetics and Dose Optimization of Vancomycin in Critically Ill Children. Abbasi, MY; Mulubwa, M; Sridharan, K, 2021)	1.13
"Model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) approaches typically apply maximum a posteriori (MAP) Bayesian estimation to determine individual pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters with the goal of optimizing future dosing regimens."	( A hybrid machine learning/pharmacokinetic approach outperforms maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimation by selectively flattening model priors. Hughes, JH; Keizer, RJ, 2021)	0.62
" Sparse pharmacokinetic sampling and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) data were collected from pediatric patients with ARC treated with vancomycin."	( Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Optimization of Vancomycin in Infants, Children, and Adolescents with Augmented Renal Clearance. He, CY; Liu, B; Song, L; van den Anker, J; Ye, PP; Zhao, W, 2021)	1.07
"A population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed based on a two-compartment model structure using a non-linear mixed-effect modelling approach."	( Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in paediatric patients with febrile neutropenia and augmented renal clearance: development of new dosing recommendations. Allen, U; Ito, S; Mizuno, T; Schechter, T; Shimamoto, Y; Verstegen, RHJ, 2021)	0.91
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of VCM were not influenced by co-administered drugs."	( Establishment and application of population pharmacokinetics model of vancomycin in infants with meningitis. Jiang, L; Li, D; Liu, Y; Niu, P; Shi, D; Xu, J; Zhu, Y, 2022)	0.96
"The aim of this prospective study was to construct a new pharmacokinetic model of vancomycin for target-concentration controlled infusion (TCI)."	( Development of a new pharmacokinetic model for target-concentration controlled infusion of vancomycin in critically ill patients. Bang, JY; Choi, BM; Chong, YP; Hong, SK; Kang, HI; Lee, EK; Lee, HJ; Noh, GJ, 2022)	1.17
" Because of high invasiveness of frequent sampling of intraocular VCM concentrations in human, this pharmacokinetic study was performed in cynomolgus monkey's eyes."	( Impact of silicone oil tamponade on intravitreally injected vancomycin pharmacokinetics in cynomolgus monkey eyes. Hira, D; Imamura, T; Kakinoki, M; Kakumoto, M; Kitagawa, T; Ohji, M; Okano, T; Terada, T; Ueshima, S, 2021)	0.86
" This review aimed at providing a comprehensive synthesis of the population pharmacokinetic models of vancomycin in pediatric patients and identifying potential factors responsible for the variability observed in various subpopulations."	( An Update on Population Pharmacokinetic Analyses of Vancomycin, Part II: In Pediatric Patients. Aljutayli, A; El-Haffaf, I; Marsot, A; Nekka, F, 2022)	1.19
" Data on study characteristics, patient demographics, clinical parameters, pharmacokinetic parameters, outcomes, and study limitations were collected."	( Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Critically Ill Children: A Systematic Review. Akunne, OO; Argent, AC; Mugabo, P, 2022)	1.04
" We conducted a prospective pharmacokinetic study evaluating the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in plasma, dialysis fluid, and urine in peritonitis-negative patients on APD."	( Intraperitoneal pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in patients on automated peritoneal dialysis. Kraft, WK; Lam, E; Piraino, B; Stickle, DF; Ting Kayla Lien, Y; Zhang, J, 2022)	1.22
" Our aim was to conduct an exploratory population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis on PK of vancomycin following intermittent infusion in critically ill patients receiving continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF); focussing on the influence of dialysis-related covariates."	( Exploring population pharmacokinetic models in patients treated with vancomycin during continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). Coyle, M; D'Arcy, DM; Deasy, E; Donnelly, M; Judge, C; Kelly, YP; Kirwan, M; Lavin, PJ; Munshi, R; O'Keeffe, H, 2021)	1.08
" Means to AUC-guided monitoring include pharmacokinetic (PK) equations and Bayesian software programs, with the latter approach being preferable."	( Pharmacokinetic equations versus Bayesian guided vancomycin monitoring: Pharmacokinetic model and model-informed precision dosing trial simulations. Aljutayli, A; Bonnefois, G; Nekka, F; Thirion, DJG, 2022)	0.98
" To support the implementation of the new strategy for hospitals under Hospital Authority, Hong Kong, this study is being proposed to (1) estimate and validate a population pharmacokinetic model of intravenous vancomycin for local adults, (2) develop a web-based individual dose optimization application for clinical use, and (3) evaluate the performance of the application by comparing the treatment outcomes and clinical satisfaction against the traditional approach."	( Multi-center prospective population pharmacokinetic study and the performance of web-based individual dose optimization application of intravenous vancomycin for adults in Hong Kong: A study protocol. Chen, J; Cheung, YT; Hui, KHM; Lam, TNT; Lui, CYG; Wu, KLA, 2022)	1.11
" This study aimed to assess the performance of pharmacokinetic model-based virtual trials to predict the dose-exposure relationship of vancomycin in neonates."	( Predictive Performance of Pharmacokinetic Model-Based Virtual Trials of Vancomycin in Neonates: Mathematics Matches Clinical Observation. Hao, GX; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Tang, BH; van den Anker, J; Wu, YE; Yao, BF; Zhao, W, 2022)	1.16
"The pharmacokinetic model-based virtual trials of vancomycin exhibited good predictive performance for dose-exposure relationships in neonates."	( Predictive Performance of Pharmacokinetic Model-Based Virtual Trials of Vancomycin in Neonates: Mathematics Matches Clinical Observation. Hao, GX; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Tang, BH; van den Anker, J; Wu, YE; Yao, BF; Zhao, W, 2022)	1.21
" However, the effect of Seraph 100 on achieving pharmacodynamic (PD) targets is not well described."	( Hemoperfusion with Seraph 100 Microbind Affinity Blood Filter Unlikely to Require Increased Antibiotic Dosing: A Simulations Study Using a Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Approach. Chung, KK; DeLuca, JP; Kress, AT; Reed, T; Selig, DJ; Stewart, IJ, 2023)	0.91
" For vancomycin and gentamicin, published pharmacokinetic models were used to explore the effect of Seraph 100 on ability to achieve probability of target attainment (PTA)."	( Hemoperfusion with Seraph 100 Microbind Affinity Blood Filter Unlikely to Require Increased Antibiotic Dosing: A Simulations Study Using a Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Approach. Chung, KK; DeLuca, JP; Kress, AT; Reed, T; Selig, DJ; Stewart, IJ, 2023)	1.42
" Various population pharmacokinetic (PPK) models have been established."	( External validation of vancomycin population pharmacokinetic models in ten cohorts of infected Chinese patients. Cui, Y; Ge, W; Jiang, M; Lao, H; Lin, Y; Liu, H; Long, E; Shi, T; Wang, Z; Zhao, J; Zhou, Y, 2022)	1.03
"A systematic literature search of published population vancomycin pharmacokinetic analyses was performed using the PubMed database."	( External validation of vancomycin population pharmacokinetic models in ten cohorts of infected Chinese patients. Cui, Y; Ge, W; Jiang, M; Lao, H; Lin, Y; Liu, H; Long, E; Shi, T; Wang, Z; Zhao, J; Zhou, Y, 2022)	1.28
" The main objective of this work is to compare anthropometric, clinical and pharmacokinetic profiles and the clinical future between infected hemodialysis patients following an antibiotic therapy in Bamako and Lyon (hospital used as a reference)."	( Antibiotic therapy for infectious hemodialysed patients in Bamako: Pharmacokinetic analyses and first improvement suggestions. Aulagner, G; Coulibaly, B; Fongoro, S; Gaillard, C; Guitton, J; Maire, P; Pelletier, S; Tangara, M, 2022)	0.72
" Despite that, it has wide individual pharmacokinetic variability and nephrotoxic effect."	( Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Vancomycin in Jordanian Patients. Development of Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model and Validation of Class II Drugs of Salivary Excretion Classification System (SECS). Abdul-Sattar, A; Al-Adham, I; Al-Fararjah, F; Al-Ghazawi, A; Al-Hasassnah, R; Arabyat, M; Hamadi, S; Idkaidek, N; Mohmmad, W; Rabayah, A, 2022)	1.01
" This study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetic variability of vancomycin and the associated factors throughout the treatment course for patients with nosocomial bacterial meningitis."	( Pharmacokinetic variability of vancomycin in patients with nosocomial meningitis. Furuya, E; Ito, D; Kobayashi, E; Okamoto, G; Sawai, M; Terada, K, 2022)	1.24
" In a published vancomycin population pharmacokinetic study on neonates in Singapore healthcare institutions, it was found that vancomycin clearance was predicted by weight, postmenstrual age, and serum creatinine."	( External Validation of a Vancomycin Population Pharmacokinetic Model and Developing a New Dosage Regimen in Neonates. Chen, Q; Lim, CP; Neoh, CCC; Poon, WB; Tseng, SH, 2022)	1.37
"The pharmacokinetic model built in the previous study can be used to conduct reliable population simulations of our Asian neonatal population in Singapore."	( External Validation of a Vancomycin Population Pharmacokinetic Model and Developing a New Dosage Regimen in Neonates. Chen, Q; Lim, CP; Neoh, CCC; Poon, WB; Tseng, SH, 2022)	1.02
"Free online adaptive vancomycin dosing calculators are available to estimate area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), but the accuracy of predicting vancomycin AUC using these calculators compared with using a 2-point pharmacokinetic approach has not been described."	( Accuracy of 4 Free Online Dosing Calculators in Predicting the Vancomycin Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve Calculated Using a 2-Point Pharmacokinetic Approach. Belz, SN; Darko, W; Kufel, WD; Miller, CD; Probst, LA; Seabury, RW; Steele, JM, 2023)	1.47
" Despite limited vancomycin pharmacokinetic (PK) information within this population, it is widely used to treat severe burn injuries."	( Exploring the Past to Inform the Future to Optimize the Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Children With Severe Burn Injuries. Avachat, C; Birnbaum, AK; Healy, DP; Kagan, RJ; Sherwin, CM; Sullivan, K; Tran, NK; Wead, S, 2023)	1.48
" Here, we assess the predictive performance of published population pharmacokinetic models describing vancomycin in neonates and infants, and analyze the robustness of these models in the face of clinical uncertainty surrounding covariate values."	( Evaluation of Neonatal and Paediatric Vancomycin Pharmacokinetic Models and the Impact of Maturation and Serum Creatinine Covariates in a Large Multicentre Data Set. Faldasz, JD; Frymoyer, A; Hughes, JH; Keizer, RJ; Tong, DMH, 2023)	1.4
"The predictive precision and bias of nine pharmacokinetic models were compared in a large multi-site data set (N = 2061 patients, 5794 drug levels, 28 institutions) of patients aged 0-365 days."	( Evaluation of Neonatal and Paediatric Vancomycin Pharmacokinetic Models and the Impact of Maturation and Serum Creatinine Covariates in a Large Multicentre Data Set. Faldasz, JD; Frymoyer, A; Hughes, JH; Keizer, RJ; Tong, DMH, 2023)	1.18
"Several available pharmacokinetic models are suitable for MIPD in infants and neonates."	( Evaluation of Neonatal and Paediatric Vancomycin Pharmacokinetic Models and the Impact of Maturation and Serum Creatinine Covariates in a Large Multicentre Data Set. Faldasz, JD; Frymoyer, A; Hughes, JH; Keizer, RJ; Tong, DMH, 2023)	1.18
"Exhaustive pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in paediatric patients are unavailable for most antibiotics and feasibility of PK studies is limited by challenges, such as low blood volume and venipuncture-related pain."	( Pilot Pharmacokinetic Study in Healthy Adults Using Intravascular Microdialysis Catheters Modified for Use in Paediatric Patients to Assess Vancomycin Blood Levels. Al Jalali, V; Bauer, M; Jäger, W; König, F; Male, C; Poschner, S; Sarhan, M; Wicha, SG; Wölfl-Duchek, M; Zeitlinger, M, 2023)	1.11
" However, a detailed investigation of the pharmacokinetic profile and optimal dosing regimens of vancomycin in pediatric patients with SSTI and BJI is lacking."	( Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosage Optimization of Vancomycin in Pediatric Patients with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections, Bone, and Joint Infections. Lv, M; Sun, K; Wang, L; Yang, P; Zhang, S; Zhao, L, 2023)	1.38
"Population pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using Pmetrics in 31 Malian and 27 French hemodialysis patients, having a total of 309 vancomycin plasma concentrations."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis in a Malian and a French Center and Simulation of the Optimal Loading Dose. Aulagner, G; Coulibaly, B; Goutelle, S; Guitton, J; Maire, P; Pelletier, S; Tangara, M, 2023)	1.4
"Contradictory pharmacokinetic (PK) results have been observed between obese adults and obese adolescents, with absolute clearance (CL) reported to be either unaltered, lower, or higher in obese adolescents compared to obese adults."	( Vancomycin Clearance in Obese Adults is not Predictive of Clearance in Obese Adolescents. Knibbe, CAJ; Krekels, EHJ; Sherwin, CMT; Smit, C; Zhang, T, 2023)	2.35
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were predicted using the first SVC, and the fitted parameters were then used to predict subsequent SVCs."	( Performance of Bayesian Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve-Based Pharmacokinetic Dosing Based on a One-Compartment Model and Trough-Only Monitoring for Vancomycin. Gonzales, MJ; Kobic, E; Nix, DE; Riley, LD; Salehpour, N, 2023)	1.11
"Vancomycin is commonly used in the prevention and treatment of intracranial infections in postoperative neurosurgical patients with narrow therapeutic window and large pharmacokinetic variations."	( External validation of population pharmacokinetic models of vancomycin in postoperative neurosurgical patients. Chen, J; Mei, S; Wei, S; Zhao, Z, 2023)	2.6
" Eight population pharmacokinetic models of vancomycin in postoperative neurosurgical patients were included and evaluated."	( External validation of population pharmacokinetic models of vancomycin in postoperative neurosurgical patients. Chen, J; Mei, S; Wei, S; Zhao, Z, 2023)	1.41
" Together with the pathophysiological alterations and pharmacokinetic variability associated with critical illness, the use of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) may complicate the attainment of adequate vancomycin concentrations."	( Pursuing the Real Vancomycin Clearance during Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Intensive Care Unit Patients: Is There Adequate Target Attainment? de Geus, HRH; Endeman, H; Hunfeld, NGM; Koch, BCP; Rietdijk, WJR; Rietveld, A; Smeets, TJL, 2023)	1.43
"We conducted a retrospective population pharmacokinetic study using data from paediatric patients who received vancomycin between June 2013 and June 2022."	( Vancomycin population pharmacokinetics analysis in Chinese paediatric patients with varying degrees of renal function and ages: development of new practical dosing recommendations. Bu, S; Chen, J; Huang, X; Li, J; Li, L; Yang, R; Yao, H; Yu, L; Zhou, J, 2023)	2.56
"We established vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters in Chinese paediatric patients and proposed a dosing guideline integrating eGFR, age and CTS status, potentially improving clinical outcomes and reducing nephrotoxicity risk."	( Vancomycin population pharmacokinetics analysis in Chinese paediatric patients with varying degrees of renal function and ages: development of new practical dosing recommendations. Bu, S; Chen, J; Huang, X; Li, J; Li, L; Yang, R; Yao, H; Yu, L; Zhou, J, 2023)	2.71
" We evaluated Bayesian predictive performance with and without peak concentration data using clinical TDM data."	( Evaluation of Vancomycin Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve Predictive Performance Using Bayesian Modeling Software With and Without Peak Concentration: An Academic Hospital Experience for Adult Patients Without Renal Impairment. Jeong, TD; Kim, HK, 2023)	1.27
"The usefulness of the peak concentration for predicting the AUC on the next occasion by Bayesian modeling was not demonstrated; therefore, the practical value of peak sampling for AUC-guided dosing can be questioned."	( Evaluation of Vancomycin Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve Predictive Performance Using Bayesian Modeling Software With and Without Peak Concentration: An Academic Hospital Experience for Adult Patients Without Renal Impairment. Jeong, TD; Kim, HK, 2023)	1.27
"A series of steps were devised using Microsoft Excel to simulate patient data based on study-derived means and variances, pharmacokinetic modelling, random selection of sparse blood samples, introduce random error into the selected concentrations based on assay variability measure, and finally, inputting of the information into an add-in computer program to find the pharmacokinetic estimates using Bayesian forecasting."	( Use of a common spreadsheet program to demonstrate the ability of Bayesian forecasting to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of antibiotics. Brocks, DR; Wang, M, 2023)	0.91
" We aimed to clarify whether including the qSOFA score in a standard population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) assessment may improve the predictive performance of vancomycin doses in patients with malignancy."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Vancomycin in Patients with Solid or Hematological Malignancy in Relation to the Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Scores. Echizen, H; Goto, K; Takahashi, M; Tsuda, Y; Watanabe, F, 2023)	1.38

Compound-Compound Interactions

Somatostatin combined with oral vancomycin can improve the symptoms of intestinal obstruction after liver transplantation and decrease the rate of intestinal flora imbalance.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"207 clinical isolates from strains of patients from the University Children's Hospital of Kiel were investigated for their in vitro activity with the agar dilution method against flomoxef and cefazolin (alone and partially in combination with vancomycin)."	( In vitro activity of flomoxef and cefazolin in combination with vancomycin. Simon, C; Simon, M, 1991)	0.7
" Imipenem in combination with vancomycin or teicoplanin exerted a synergistic or additive effect against a majority of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates tested by the checkerboard method."	( In vitro antimicrobial activity of imipenem in combination with vancomycin or teicoplanin against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Barr, JG; Hogg, GM; Smyth, ET, 1990)	0.81
"The bactericidal activities of teicoplanin and vancomycin, as single agents or combined with fosfomycin, fusidic acid or rifampicin, were investigated in an in vitro study involving 20 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from infected vein catheters."	( Antibacterial activity of teicoplanin and vancomycin in combination with rifampicin, fusidic acid or fosfomycin against staphylococci on vein catheters. Simon, M; Simon, VC, 1990)	0.8
"The efficacies of the quinolones ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin alone and in combination with rifampin were compared with those of vancomycin alone and in combination with rifampin in a rat model of chronic osteomyelitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus."	( Comparative efficacies of ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, and vancomycin in combination with rifampin in a rat model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus chronic osteomyelitis. Dworkin, R; Kunz, S; Modin, G; Rich, R; Sande, M; Zak, O, 1990)	0.73
"The kinetics of bacterial killing by meropenem alone and in combination with gentamicin (for Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and vancomycin (for Staphylococcus aureus) were studied for two strains of each species."	( The antibacterial activity of meropenem in combination with gentamicin or vancomycin. Andrews, JM; Ashby, JP; Wise, R, 1989)	0.72
" The bactericidal effect obtained with daptomycin in combination with aminoglycosides suggest that further evaluation of these combinations in enterococcal endocarditis could have a clinical interest if this bactericidal effect was confirmed by in vivo studies."	( [Bactericidal activity of daptomycin and vancomycin alone or in combination with tobramycin, netilmicin or ampicillin against enterococcus]. Cordin, X; Duez, JM; Kazmierczak, A; Péchinot, A; Siébor, E, 1989)	0.54
" Bactericidal synergy between teicoplanin combined with gentamicin and vancomycin combined with gentamicin was always demonstrated in further tests with 16 penicillin tolerant strains."	( Activity of teicoplanin compared with vancomycin alone, and combined with gentamicin, against penicillin tolerant viridans streptococci and enterococci causing endocarditis. Shanson, DC; Tadayon, M, 1986)	0.78
"Seven strains of Streptococcus faecalis, of which two possessed high-level resistance to streptomycin (MIC greater than or equal to 2000 mcg/ml), and two strains of Streptococcus faecium were evaluated with respect to killing-effect and duration of post-antibiotic effect (PAE) of ampicillin and vancomycin in combination with streptomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin and netilmicin."	( Evaluation of the combination effects of ampicillin or vancomycin combined with streptomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin or netilmicin against enterococci. Fuursted, K, 1989)	0.7
" A trial of ceftazidime (3 g/day) administered alone or combined with amikacin or vancomycin is currently in progress in two medical centres."	( [Antibiotic therapy protocol using ceftazidime 3g/day alone or in combination with vancomycin or amikacin. In febrile episodes in neutropenic patients]. Ajchenbaum, F; Baume, D; Chiche, D; Delmer, A; Fitoussi, F; Marie, JP; Pico, JL; Richet, H; Rio, B; Tancrède, C, 1988)	0.73
"The bactericidal interactions in vitro of two antibiotics active at the cell wall (teicoplanin and vancomycin) or two inhibitors of DNA gyrase (coumermycin and ciprofloxacin) combined with two inhibitors of protein synthesis (rifampicin and LM 427) were assessed against five Staphylococcus aureus strains."	( Comparative in-vitro activities of teicoplanin, vancomycin, coumermycin and ciprofloxacin, alone and in combination with rifampicin or LM 427, against Staphylococcus aureus. Joly, P; Van der Auwera, P, 1987)	0.75
"The pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activity of vancomycin alone and in combination with ceftazidime were investigated in 10 healthy volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activity of vancomycin alone and in combination with ceftazidime in healthy volunteers. Boeckh, M; Borner, K; Höffken, G; Koeppe, P; Lode, H; Wagner, J, 1988)	0.77
"Imipenem combined with vancomycin resulted in a marked additive effect in vitro against 9 clinical isolates of multiple-drug resistant (MDR), coagulase-negative staphylococci, including strains resistant against imipenem."	( In vitro additive effect of imipenem combined with vancomycin against multiple-drug resistant, coagulase-negative Staphylococci. Bauer, D; Spohr, M; Traub, WH, 1986)	0.83
" Bactericidal titres were determined in sera from volunteers given ofloxacin alone or in combination with fosfomycin or vancomycin."	( Bactericidal effect of ofloxacin alone and combined with fosfomycin or vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in sera from volunteers. Boussougant, Y; Carbon, C; Dutoit, C; Ichou, F; Weber, P, 1987)	0.71
"189 bacterial strains were investigated for their in vitro sensitivity against ceftazidime (alone and in combination with another antibiotic)."	( In vitro activity of ceftazidime in combination with other antibiotics. Littschwager, G; Simon, C, )	0.13
" At achievable serum concentrations, ampicillin alone killed 60% of strains, whereas combination with streptomycin increased this to 90% and with gentamicin to 100%."	( In vitro activity of ampicillin or vancomycin combined with gentamicin or streptomycin against enterococci. Guze, LB; Harwick, HJ; Kalmanson, GM, 1973)	0.53
"The in vitro bactericidal interactions of penicillin G, cefotaxime, or vancomycin in combination with gentamicin were compared against 20 group G streptococci by the timed kill curve method."	( In vitro bactericidal synergy of gentamicin combined with penicillin G, vancomycin, or cefotaxime against group G streptococci. Bayer, AS; Lam, K, 1984)	0.73
" Synergistic studies also demonstrated that teichomycin A2 combined with rifampin is more active than vancomycin combined with rifampin against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates."	( Comparative in vitro activities of teichomycin and vancomycin alone and in combination with rifampin and aminoglycosides against staphylococci and enterococci. Miller, H; Tuazon, CU, 1984)	0.73
" Killing curves showed that vancomycin and teicoplanin were bacteriostatic and that synergy was achieved when each was combined with gentamicin."	( The activity of vancomycin and teicoplanin alone and in combination with gentamicin or ampicillin against Streptococcus faecalis. Chen, HY; Williams, JD, 1984)	0.91
"The activity of fusidic acid alone and in combination with gentamicin, oxacillin, rifampicin, fosfomycin and ciprofloxacin was investigated against 36 strains of Staphylococcus aureus."	( In-vitro antibacterial activity of fusidic acid alone and in combination with other antibiotics against methicillin-sensitive and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Caillon, J; Drugeon, HB; Juvin, ME, 1994)	0.29
"The in vitro activity of vancomycin and teicoplanin (fourfold the MBC), alone and in combination with amikacin (16 mg/l) or rifampin (1 mg/l), against Staphylococcus epidermidis (slime-producing and non slime-producing strains) biofilms on different plastic catheters was evaluated."	( Activity of glycopeptides in combination with amikacin or rifampin against Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms on plastic catheters. Pascual, A; Perea, EJ; Ramirez de Arellano, E, 1994)	0.59
" INTERVENTION--Treatment with oral S boulardii (1 g/d for 4 weeks) or placebo in combination with a standard antibiotic."	( A randomized placebo-controlled trial of Saccharomyces boulardii in combination with standard antibiotics for Clostridium difficile disease. Bowen, KE; Cox, JL; Elmer, GW; Fekety, R; Greenberg, RN; McFarland, LV; Melcher, SA; Moyer, KA; Noorani, Z; Surawicz, CM, )	0.13
"The usefulness of fusidic acid, alone or combined with vancomycin, was investigated for the therapy of experimental endocarditis caused in rabbits by a methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus."	( Fusidic acid alone or in combination with vancomycin for therapy of experimental endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Carbon, C; Duval, J; Fantin, B; Leclercq, R, 1993)	0.8
" Therefore, the nephrotoxic effects and pharmacokinetics of VCM were examined in rabbits and compared with those in rabbits administered with VCM and other antibiotics."	( [Nephrotoxicity and drug interaction of vancomycin (2)]. Nakagawa, Y; Toyoguchi, T, 1996)	0.56
"Against gram-positive sepsis, vancomycin (VCM) was administered in combination with imipenem or cilastatin (IPM/CS)."	( [Two cases of gram-positive sepsis successfully treated with vancomycin in combination with imipenem or cilastatin]. Maezawa, H; Nakazawa, Y; Saitoh, A; Sakai, O; Sakamoto, M; Saruta, K; Shiba, K; Shindo, N; Yoshida, M; Yoshikawa, K, 1996)	0.82
"The efficacy of vancomycin (VM) and teicoplanin (TE), alone and in combination with streptomycin (SM), against enterococci that express low-level VanB-type VM resistance was investigated in experimental endocarditis using isogenic strains of Enterococcus faecalis susceptible to glycopeptides and aminoglycosides or inducibly resistant to low levels of VM (MIC = 16 micrograms/ml)."	( Efficacy of vancomycin and teicoplanin alone and in combination with streptomycin in experimental, low-level vancomycin-resistant, VanB-type Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis. Cooper, BW; Courvalin, P; Marangos, MN; Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Patel, KB; Quintiliani, R, 1996)	1.02
" Netilmicin was administered in combination with continuous infusions of amoxicillin, vancomycin, or penicillin against a bacterial biofilm adhering to glass beads."	( Once-versus thrice-daily netilmicin combined with amoxicillin, penicillin, or vancomycin against Enterococcus faecalis in a pharmacodynamic in vitro model. Blaser, J; Schwank, S, 1996)	0.75
"The purpose of this prospective randomized study was to compare the efficacy and safety of imipenem and cefoperazone-sulbactam combined with vancomycin for the treatment of fever in neutropenic cancer patients."	( Imipenem or cefoperazone-sulbactam combined with vancomycin for therapy of presumed or proven infection in neutropenic cancer patients. Abi-Said, D; Bodey, G; Raad, I; Rolston, K; Whimbey, E, 1996)	0.75
" The main objective of this work was the study of the initial control of infection comparing two glycopeptidic antibiotics: vancomycin and teicoplanin combined with imipenem in first line of empiric therapy."	( [Imipenem combined with teicoplanin or vancomycin in the initial empirical treatment of febrile neutropenia. Analysis of the primary response and of a global sequential strategy in 126 episodes]. Arranz, R; Cámara, R; del Rey, MC; Fernández-Rañada, JM; Figuera, A; Hernández, L; Jiménez, ML; López-Lorenzo, JL; Peñarrubia, MJ; Tomás, JF, 1996)	0.77
"The action of two glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin) alone or in combination with amikacin or fusidic acid has been studied against 10 non-repetitive strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus."	( Effect of vancomycin and teicoplanin alone or in combination with fusidic acid or amikacin against methicillin-resistant staphylococci. Barbiery, P; Courcol, RJ; Roussel-Delvallez, M; Wallet, F, 1997)	0.98
"The activity of piperacillin/tazobactam, ampicillin/sulbactam, imipenem and nafcillin alone and in combination with vancomycin was compared with vancomycin monotherapy against MRSA in test-tube time-kill studies and in infected fibrin clots."	( An evaluation of the bactericidal activity of ampicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem or nafcillin alone and in combination with vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in time-kill curves with infected fibrin Palmer, SM; Rybak, MJ, 1997)	0.71
"The nephrotoxic effects of vancomycin hydrochloride (VCM) and the potential drug-drug interaction with cilastatin sodium (CS) were examined in rabbits."	( Nephrotoxicity of vancomycin and drug interaction study with cilastatin in rabbits. Hosoya, J; Nakagawa, Y; Takahashi, S; Toyoguchi, T; Watanabe, H, 1997)	0.93
"Using a checkerboard assay, ampicillin, vancomycin, and RP 59500, each in combination with chloramphenicol, were tested for synergy against 23 isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci."	( In vitro activity of chloramphenicol alone and in combination with vancomycin, ampicillin, or RP 59500 (quinupristin/dalfopristin) against vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Messick, CR; Pendland, SL, 1997)	0.8
"Quinupristin-dalfopristin is a streptogramin antibiotic combination with activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF), but emergence of resistance has been recently reported."	( Treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium with RP 59500 (quinupristin-dalfopristin) administered by intermittent or continuous infusion, alone or in combination with doxycycline, in an in vitro pharmacodynamic infection model with simulated e Aeschlimann, JR; Rybak, MJ; Zervos, MJ, 1998)	0.89
"This investigation used checkerboard and time-kill assays to evaluate the in vitro activity of RPR 106972 (45% pristinamycin IB and 55% pristinamycin IIB) alone and in combination with vancomycin or ampicillin +/- gentamicin against multidrug-resistant enterococci."	( In vitro activity of RPR 106972 alone and in combination with vancomycin, ampicillin, and gentamicin against multidrug-resistant enterococci. Messick, CR; Pendland, SL; Woodward, J, 1998)	0.73
"This in vitro study evaluated the activities of vancomycin, LY333328, and teicoplanin alone and in combination with gentamicin, rifampin, and RP59500 against Staphylococcus aureus isolates with intermediate susceptibilities to vancomycin."	( Evaluation of bactericidal activities of LY333328, vancomycin, teicoplanin, ampicillin-sulbactam, trovafloxacin, and RP59500 alone or in combination with rifampin or gentamicin against different strains of vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus by Aeschlimann, JR; Hershberger, E; Moldovan, T; Rybak, MJ, 1999)	0.81
"5 degrees C received ceftazidime in combination with vancomycin (105 patients) or teicoplanin (69 patients)."	( Ceftazidime in combination with glycopeptide antibiotic is an effective first-line therapy for patients undergoing high-dose therapy with autologous peripheral blood stem cell support. Egerer, G; Ehrhard, I; Goldschmidt, H; Haas, R; Sonntag, HG; Streich, N, 1999)	0.55
"The killing activities of trovafloxacin alone and in combination with beta-lactam agents (extended-spectrum cephalosporins, meropenem), rifampin, or vancomycin were evaluated against 20 genotypically characterized Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates for which amoxicillin MICs were >/=4 microg/ml (cefotaxime MICs, >/=4 microg/ml for six strains) at concentrations clinically achievable in cerebrospinal fluid."	( Killing activities of trovafloxacin alone and in combination with beta-lactam agents, rifampin, or vancomycin against Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates with various susceptibilities to extended-spectrum cephalosporins at concentrations clinically achievab Bingen, E; Doit, C; Fitoussi, F; Geslin, P, 1999)	0.72
"Using checkerboard and time-kill assays, we evaluated the in vitro activity of quinupristin-dalfopristin (RP 59500) alone and in combination with five other antimicrobial agents against 12 clinical strains of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF)."	( Synergy testing of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium against quinupristin-dalfopristin in combination with other antimicrobial agents. Louie, L; Louie, M; Matsumura, SO; Simor, AE, 1999)	0.82
" Arbekacin may prove useful when used in combination with vancomycin in treating infections caused by gentamicin-resistant MRSA."	( In-vitro activity of arbekacin alone and in combination with vancomycin against gentamicin- and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Chow, JW; Kariyama, R; Kumon, H; You, I; Zervos, MJ, 2000)	0.79
"2%), and gentamicin (8%) when combined with heparin."	( Antibiotic-heparin lock: in vitro antibiotic stability combined with heparin in a central venous catheter. Bernstein, K; Burczynski, FJ; Penner, SB; Sitar, DS; Vercaigne, LM; Wang, GQ, 2000)	0.31
"To evaluate the activity of vancomycin and levofloxacin alone and combined with rifampin against planktonic and sessile cells."	( Comparative in vitro activity of vancomycin and levofloxacin in combination with rifampin against planktonic versus sessile cells of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Kang-Birken, SL, 2000)	0.88
"Killing kinetic experiments were performed with moxifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, vancomycin, clarithromycin, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, rifampicin and with moxifloxacin in combination with each of the above drugs against six methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates."	( In-vitro activity of moxifloxacin combined with other antibacterials against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Bottura, P; Capra, R; Maggiolo, F; Migliorino, M; Pravettoni, G; Suter, F, 2000)	0.53
" Our data suggest that once-daily gentamicin in combination with ampicillin or vancomycin demonstrates equivalent bacterial reductions to combination therapy with thrice-daily gentamicin."	( Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin and ampicillin alone and in combination with gentamicin once daily or thrice daily against Enterococcus faecalis in an in vitro infection model. Houlihan, HH; Rybak, MJ; Stokes, DP, 2000)	0.86
" In a previous study, the biotherapeutic agent Saccharomyces boulardii was used in combination with standard antibiotics and was found to be effective in reducing subsequent recurrences of CDD."	( The search for a better treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile disease: use of high-dose vancomycin combined with Saccharomyces boulardii. Borjal, D; Bowen, K; Brandmarker, S; Elmer, GW; Fekety, R; Garcia, RJ; Greenberg, RN; McFarland, LV; Mulligan, ME; Rubin, M; Surawicz, CM, 2000)	0.53
"125 x MIC) combined with vancomycin (0."	( In-vitro bactericidal activity of cefpirome and cefamandole in combination with glycopeptides against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Bergeret, M; Raymond, J, 1999)	0.61
" When combined with gentamicin (MIC/4 concentration), rapid bactericidal action was observed against all streptococci tested, but not against the staphylococci."	( AZD2563, a new oxazolidinone: bactericidal activity and synergy studies combined with gentamicin or vancomycin against staphylococci and streptococcal strains. Anderegg, TR; Deshpande, LM; Jones, RN, 2002)	0.53
"The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the elution characteristics of vancomycin alone and in combination with imipenem-cilastatin from 3 acrylic bone-cements (CMW1 [DePuy International, Blackpool, UK], Palacos R [Schering-Plough, Wehrheim, Germany], and Simplex P [Howmedica International, London, UK])."	( The in vitro elution characteristics of vancomycin combined with imipenem-cilastatin in acrylic bone-cements: a pharmacokinetic study. Bocchi, L; Ceffa, R; Cerretani, D; Fornara, P; Ghisellini, F; Giorgi, G; Neri, L; Ritter, MA, 2002)	0.81
"The in vitro activity of the oxazolidinone linezolid was studied alone and in combination with three antibiotics acting on different cellular targets."	( In vitro activity of linezolid alone and in combination with gentamicin, vancomycin or rifampicin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by time-kill curve methods. Bugnon, D; Caillon, J; Donnio, PY; Jacqueline, C; Le Mabecque, V; Miegeville, AF; Potel, G, 2003)	0.55
"A rat model was used to investigate the efficacy of linezolid, alone or in combination with levofloxacin and vancomycin, in the prevention of vascular prosthetic graft infection resulting from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides."	( Prophylactic efficacy of linezolid alone or combined with levofloxacin and vancomycin in a rat subcutaneous pouch model of graft infection caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides. Cirioni, O; D'Amato, G; Del Prete, MS; Ghiselli, R; Giacometti, A; Mocchegiani, F; Orlando, F; Saba, V; Scalise, G; Silvestri, C, 2003)	0.76
"To investigate the characteristics of bacteriology and the drug resistance in the patients with chronic obstructive disease (COPD) combined with pneumonia at our respiratory intensive care unit(RICU) in 2001."	( [Characteristics of bacteriology and drug sensitivity in patients with COPD combined with pneumonia]. Xiang, XD; Yang, H; Yi, ZM, 2003)	0.32
"The sputum of 543 patients with COPD combined with pneumonia was collected with a regular method, the bacteria were cultured, and then the drug sensitivity was analyzed with K-B method."	( [Characteristics of bacteriology and drug sensitivity in patients with COPD combined with pneumonia]. Xiang, XD; Yang, H; Yi, ZM, 2003)	0.32
"The bacteria in the patients with COPD combined with pneumonia at RICU of the hospital in 2001 are mainly made up of G- bacillus and secondarily of G+ bacteria which are sensitive to imipenem, amikacin, and ceftazidime."	( [Characteristics of bacteriology and drug sensitivity in patients with COPD combined with pneumonia]. Xiang, XD; Yang, H; Yi, ZM, 2003)	0.32
" Thus, the screening capability of RIfS is combined with the identification capability of mass spectrometry."	( Reflectometric interference spectroscopy combined with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to determine quantitative and qualitative binding of mixtures of vancomycin derivatives. Garvin, AM; Gauglitz, G; Mehlmann, M; Steinwand, M, 2005)	0.53
" Using the Killing-curve method, we tested the in vitro bactericidal activity of fosfomycin alone or in combination with vancomycin or teicoplanin at a concentration of 8 microg/mL, that is easily achievable in serum at standard dosing regimens, against seven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, isolated from patients with well documented device-associated infections unresponsive to or relapsing after glycopeptide therapy."	( In vitro activity of fosfomycin in combination with vancomycin or teicoplanin against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from device-associated infections unresponsive to glycopeptide therapy. Baiocchi, P; Falcone, M; Penni, A; Pierciaccante, A; Pistella, E; Pompeo, ME; Venditti, M, 2005)	0.79
"To study the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of fosfomycin, alone and in combination with ceftriaxone or vancomycin, against two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae: HUB 2349 (fosfomycin and ceftriaxone, MICs 16 and 2 mg/L) and ATCC 51916 (MICs 4 and 32 mg/L)."	( Evaluation of fosfomycin alone and in combination with ceftriaxone or vancomycin in an experimental model of meningitis caused by two strains of cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Cabellos, C; Domenech, A; Gudiol, F; Liñares, J; Ribes, S; Taberner, F; Tubau, F; Viladrich, PF, 2006)	0.78
"Fosfomycin in combination with ceftriaxone or vancomycin appeared to be effective for the treatment of experimental cephalosporin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis."	( Evaluation of fosfomycin alone and in combination with ceftriaxone or vancomycin in an experimental model of meningitis caused by two strains of cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Cabellos, C; Domenech, A; Gudiol, F; Liñares, J; Ribes, S; Taberner, F; Tubau, F; Viladrich, PF, 2006)	0.83
" To address the high-frequency resistance seen with rifamycins, we assessed the ability of rifalazil, alone and in combination with vancomycin, to both kill cells and to suppress the appearance of resistant mutants in log and stationary phase Staphylococcus aureus cultures, using high cell densities in an in vitro kill curve model."	( In vitro time-kill activities of rifalazil, alone and in combination with vancomycin, against logarithmic and stationary cultures of Staphylococcus aureus. Farquhar, R; Murphy, CK; Osburne, MS; Rothstein, DM, 2006)	0.77
" A positive interaction was shown when the lipopeptides were combined with beta-lactams and vancomycin."	( In vitro activities of the lipopeptides palmitoyl (Pal)-Lys-Lys-NH(2) and Pal-Lys-Lys alone and in combination with antimicrobial agents against multiresistant gram-positive cocci. Cirioni, O; Della Vittoria, A; Giacometti, A; Kamysz, W; Licci, A; Okroj, M; Scalise, G; Silvestri, C, 2007)	0.56
"The objective of this paper was to investigate the in vitro effects of linezolid combined with five antistaphylococcal antibiotics--doxycycline, fosfomycin, levofloxacin, rifampicin and vancomycin--upon methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)."	( In vitro activity of linezolid in combination with doxycycline, fosfomycin, levofloxacin, rifampicin and vancomycin against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Cantón, E; Colombo Gainza, E; Gil Brusola, A; Gobernado, M; Ortiz Estévez, R; Sahuquillo Arce, JM, 2006)	0.74
"2 was combined with clarithromycin and minocycline."	( In vitro activity of aurein 1.2 alone and in combination with antibiotics against gram-positive nosocomial cocci. Cirioni, O; Della Vittoria, A; Giacometti, A; Kamysz, W; Nadolski, P; Riva, A; Scalise, G; Silvestri, C; Łukasiak, J, 2007)	0.34
" Standard treatment included a two-stage procedure involving externalization of the ventricular catheter in combination with intraventricular and systemic administration of antibiotic medication followed by shunt replacement."	( Treatment of cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections in children using systemic and intraventricular antibiotic therapy in combination with externalization of the ventricular catheter: efficacy in 34 consecutively treated infections. Arnell, K; Enblad, P; Sjölin, J; Wester, T, 2007)	0.34
"We compared the efficacy of quinupristin/dalfopristin versus vancomycin, alone or in combination with rifampicin, in a rabbit model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced arthritis."	( Efficacy of quinupristin/dalfopristin versus vancomycin, alone or in combination with rifampicin, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a rabbit arthritis model. Batard, E; Caillon, J; Hamel, A; Jacqueline, C; Potel, G, 2008)	0.85
"To investigate the effect of somatostatin combined with oral vancomycin in the treatment of intestinal obstruction after liver transplantation."	( [Application of somatostatin combined with oral vancomycin in the treatment of intestinal obstruction after liver transplantation]. Cai, CJ; Chen, GH; Li, MR; Lu, MQ; Wang, GS; Yi, SH, 2008)	0.84
"The application of somatostatin combined with oral vancomycin can improve the symptoms of intestinal obstruction after liver transplantation and decrease the rate of intestinal flora imbalance."	( [Application of somatostatin combined with oral vancomycin in the treatment of intestinal obstruction after liver transplantation]. Cai, CJ; Chen, GH; Li, MR; Lu, MQ; Wang, GS; Yi, SH, 2008)	0.85
"This study evaluated vancomycin susceptibility and activity alone and in combination with rifampicin and tigecycline against low-biofilm- and high-biofilm-producing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates."	( Impact of biofilm on the in vitro activity of vancomycin alone and in combination with tigecycline and rifampicin against Staphylococcus aureus. Poppens, PT; Rose, WE, 2009)	0.93
" Time-kill analysis was performed on six low- and six high-biofilm-producing isolates with 15 mg/L vancomycin alone and in combination with rifampicin or tigecycline at 4x MIC."	( Impact of biofilm on the in vitro activity of vancomycin alone and in combination with tigecycline and rifampicin against Staphylococcus aureus. Poppens, PT; Rose, WE, 2009)	0.83
" The aims of this study was to determine the efficacies of meropenem alone and combined with rifampin against two Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with different susceptibility to beta-lactams using the guinea pig meningitis model and compare them with the standard ceftriaxone plus vancomycin therapy."	( Evaluation of meropenem alone and combined with rifampin in the guinea pig model of pneumococcal meningitis. Cabellos, C; Doménech, A; Force, E; Gudiol, F; Ribes, S; Taberner, F; Tubau, F; Viladrich, PF, 2009)	0.53
" We defined new strategies aimed at treatment of mature established biofilms using photodynamic treatment (PDT) combined with chemotherapy or phagocytosis."	( The effect of photodynamic treatment combined with antibiotic action or host defence mechanisms on Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Di Poto, A; Provenza, G; Sbarra, MS; Speziale, P; Visai, L, 2009)	0.35
"In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of quinupristin/dalfopristin in combination with vancomycin and gatifloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium isolates."	( [In vitro activities of quinupristin/dalfopristin in combination with vancomycin and gatifloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium clinical isolates]. Ermertcan, S; Gülden, E, 2009)	0.8
" We investigated the effects of vancomycin (VAN), daptomycin (DAP), fosfomycin (FOS), tigecycline (TGC), and ceftriaxone (CRX), alone and in combination with azithromycin (AZI), on established biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis."	( Effects of azithromycin in combination with vancomycin, daptomycin, fosfomycin, tigecycline, and ceftriaxone on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms. Graninger, W; Hajdu, S; Hirschl, AM; Holinka, J; Lassnigg, AM; Presterl, E, 2009)	0.9
" The purpose of the present study was to quantify the biofilm formation of methicillin (meticillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates obtained from patients with IE and to evaluate the in vitro activities of daptomycin and vancomycin alone and in combination with rifampin (rifampicin) or gentamicin while monitoring the isolates for the development of resistance."	( Activities of daptomycin and vancomycin alone and in combination with rifampin and gentamicin against biofilm-forming methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in an experimental model of endocarditis. LaPlante, KL; Woodmansee, S, 2009)	0.83
"Vancomycin is often combined with a second antibiotic, most often rifampin or gentamicin, for the treatment of serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."	( Vancomycin in combination with other antibiotics for the treatment of serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Deresinski, S, 2009)	3.24
" The local lesions were treated by focal injection of vancomycin combined with surgical debridement-dermatoplasty."	( Focal injection of vancomycin combined with surgical debridement-dermatoplasty in the treatment of pseudo-epitheliomatous granuloma. Chen, B; Fu, XB; Jiang, DY; Shan, F; Wang, JC; Zong, XL, 2010)	0.94
" PEG could be cured by focal application of vancomycin combined with free skin or skin flap after thorough debridement."	( Focal injection of vancomycin combined with surgical debridement-dermatoplasty in the treatment of pseudo-epitheliomatous granuloma. Chen, B; Fu, XB; Jiang, DY; Shan, F; Wang, JC; Zong, XL, 2010)	0.95
"Focal injection of vancomycin combined with surgical debridement-dermatoplasty is an effective therapy for PEG."	( Focal injection of vancomycin combined with surgical debridement-dermatoplasty in the treatment of pseudo-epitheliomatous granuloma. Chen, B; Fu, XB; Jiang, DY; Shan, F; Wang, JC; Zong, XL, 2010)	1.02
" aureus biofilms using photodynamic treatment (PDT) combined with chemotherapy or phagocytosis."	( The photodynamic effect of tetra-substituted N-methyl-pyridyl-porphine combined with the action of vancomycin or host defense mechanisms disrupts Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms. Arciola, CR; Di Poto, A; Rohde, H; Saino, E; Sbarra, MS; Speziale, P; Visai, L, 2009)	0.57
" Simulated regimens included vancomycin (VAN) plus rifampin (RIF), moxifloxacin (MOX), and high doses (10 mg/kg of body weight/day) of daptomycin (DAP) alone or combined with RIF or clarithromycin (CLA)."	( Activities of high-dose daptomycin, vancomycin, and moxifloxacin alone or in combination with clarithromycin or rifampin in a novel in vitro model of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. Parra-Ruiz, J; Rose, WE; Rybak, MJ; Vidaillac, C, 2010)	0.93
" In vitro, fosfomycin showed a synergistic effect when combined with the other antimicrobials tested."	( Efficacy of fosfomycin and its combination with linezolid, vancomycin and imipenem in an experimental peritonitis model caused by a Staphylococcus aureus strain with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. Ariza, J; Cabellos, C; Domínguez, MA; Fernández, R; Gudiol, F; Pachón-Ibáñez, ME; Ribes, S; Tubau, F, 2011)	0.61
" Daptomycin in combination with rifampicin needs to be assessed in bone infection."	( Efficacy of daptomycin combined with rifampicin for the treatment of experimental meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) acute osteomyelitis. Amador, G; Asseray, N; Caillon, J; Jacqueline, C; Le Mabecque, V; Lefebvre, M; Miegeville, A; Potel, G, 2010)	0.36
" The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacies of daptomycin at usual and high doses (equivalent to 6 and 10 mg/kg of body weight/day, respectively, in humans) and in combination with rifampin and to compare the activities to those of conventional anti-MRSA therapies."	( Efficacy of usual and high doses of daptomycin in combination with rifampin versus alternative therapies in experimental foreign-body infection by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Ariza, J; Cabellos, C; Cabo, J; Euba, G; Garrigós, C; Murillo, O; Tubau, F; Verdaguer, R, 2010)	0.36
" Synergy was demonstrated when HSM1 was combined with vancomycin and daptomycin."	( In vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of the saponin diosgenyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside hydrochloride (HSM1) alone and in combination with daptomycin and vancomycin against Gram-positive cocci. Brescini, L; Cirioni, O; Dawgul, M; Ghiselli, R; Giacometti, A; Guerrieri, M; Kamysz, W; Myszka, H; Orlando, F; Silvestri, C, 2011)	0.81
"We investigated the in vitro activities of nisin alone or in combination with vancomycin and ciprofloxacin against methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) strains."	( In vitro activities of nisin alone or in combination with vancomycin and ciprofloxacin against methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains. Dosler, S; Gerceker, AA, 2011)	0.84
" The results of time-kill curve analysis demonstrated concentration-dependent rapid bactericidal activity of nisin and synergism almost in all strains when nisin was used in combination with ciprofloxacin, and early synergistic interactions in some of the strains when it was used in combination with vancomycin."	( In vitro activities of nisin alone or in combination with vancomycin and ciprofloxacin against methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains. Dosler, S; Gerceker, AA, 2011)	0.79
"Nisin seems to be a good candidate for further investigations in the treatment of Gram-positive bacteria, alone or in combination with antibiotics."	( In vitro activities of nisin alone or in combination with vancomycin and ciprofloxacin against methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains. Dosler, S; Gerceker, AA, 2011)	0.61
"To investigate the anti-infection and bone repair effects of cationic liposome-encapsulated vancomycin combined with the nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan/konjac glucomannan (n-HA/CS/KGM) composite scaffold in vivo."	( [Vancomycin cationic liposome combined with nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan/konjac glucomannan scaffold for treatment of infected bone defects in rabbits]. Fan, X; Huang, J; Ma, T; Tang, H; Xu, Y, 2012)	1.51
"The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of diode laser combined with intradiscal vancomycin for iatrogenic discitis (ID) infected with Staphylococcus aureus."	( Diode laser combined with intradiscal vancomycin for iatrogenic discitis: an experimental study in rabbits. Guan, YK; Han, XB; Hu, XM; Huang, WG; Li, YM; Liu, NQ; Ren, HY; Wang, T; Wang, YM; Xia, Y; Yu, GC, 2012)	0.87
"High power diode laser combined with intradiscal vancomycin contained the pathological process of ID in this rabbit model."	( Diode laser combined with intradiscal vancomycin for iatrogenic discitis: an experimental study in rabbits. Guan, YK; Han, XB; Hu, XM; Huang, WG; Li, YM; Liu, NQ; Ren, HY; Wang, T; Wang, YM; Xia, Y; Yu, GC, 2012)	0.9
"A total of 30 chalcone analogues was synthesized via a base catalyzed Claisen Schmidt condensation and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) alone or in combination with non beta-lactam antibiotics namely ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, vancomycin, doxycycline and gentamicin."	( Synthesis and anti Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus activity of substituted chalcones alone and in combination with non-beta-lactam antibiotics. Do, TH; Huynh, TN; Ngo, TD; Thai, KM; Tran, CD; Tran, NC; Tran, TD, 2012)	0.55
" The fractional inhibition concentration indices (FICI) for vancomycin combined with rifampicin, levofloxacin or fosfomycin were ≥1."	( Comparative study of the mutant prevention concentrations of vancomycin alone and in combination with levofloxacin, rifampicin and fosfomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Cheng, J; Hu, LF; Li, JB; Liu, LG; Ye, Y; Zhu, YL, 2013)	0.87
" aureus (VISA) are limited, but β-lactams in combination with vancomycin have shown synergistic activity against MRSA and VISA."	( Evaluation of vancomycin in combination with piperacillin-tazobactam or oxacillin against clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates and vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus isolates in vitro. Dilworth, TJ; Dodd, M; Mercier, RC; Ryan, K; Sliwinski, J, 2014)	1
" Allicin in combination with vancomycin may be a useful anti-infection strategy for the treatment of PJI."	( Lavage with allicin in combination with vancomycin inhibits biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis in a rabbit model of prosthetic joint infection. Bai, B; Pan, J; Pang, E; Zhai, H, 2014)	0.96
" Gentamicin, amikacin or vancomycin was combined with disodium EDTA or l-arginine for 24 h to reproduce the antibiotic lock therapy (ALT) approach."	( In vitro activity of gentamicin, vancomycin or amikacin combined with EDTA or l-arginine as lock therapy against a wide spectrum of biofilm-forming clinical strains isolated from catheter-related infections. Beloin, C; Ghigo, JM; Lebeaux, D; Leflon-Guibout, V, 2015)	1
"The primary purpose of this study was to (1) determine if cathodic voltage-controlled electrical stimulation combined with vancomycin therapy is more effective at reducing the MRSA bacterial burden on the implant, bone, and synovial fluid in comparison to either treatment alone or no treatment controls."	( Cathodic Electrical Stimulation Combined With Vancomycin Enhances Treatment of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Implant-associated Infections. Campagnari, AA; Cole, R; Ehrensberger, MT; Hansen, L; Luke-Marshall, NR; Nodzo, S; Tobias, M; Wild, L, 2015)	0.88
"In this rodent model, cathodic voltage-controlled electrical stimulation combined with vancomycin is an effective treatment for titanium implant-associated infections showing greater than 99."	( Cathodic Electrical Stimulation Combined With Vancomycin Enhances Treatment of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Implant-associated Infections. Campagnari, AA; Cole, R; Ehrensberger, MT; Hansen, L; Luke-Marshall, NR; Nodzo, S; Tobias, M; Wild, L, 2015)	0.9
"Cathodic voltage-controlled electrical stimulation combined with vancomycin may enable successful treatment of titanium orthopaedic implant-associated infections with implant retention."	( Cathodic Electrical Stimulation Combined With Vancomycin Enhances Treatment of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Implant-associated Infections. Campagnari, AA; Cole, R; Ehrensberger, MT; Hansen, L; Luke-Marshall, NR; Nodzo, S; Tobias, M; Wild, L, 2015)	0.91
" Patients who received either vancomycin monotherapy or vancomycin in combination with clindamycin were included."	( Vancomycin Combined With Clindamycin for the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin-Structure Infections. English, TM; McCreary, EK; Wargo, KA, 2015)	2.15
" The aim of this study was to determine in vitro synergy and postantibiotic effect (PAE) of colistin alone and combined with other antibiotics (vancomycin or meropenem) against eight carbapenem-non-susceptible Acinetobacter spp."	( Postantibiotic effect of colistin alone and combined with vancomycin or meropenem against Acinetobacter spp. with well defined resistance mechanisms. Beader, N; Bedenić, B; Ćačić, M; Godič-Torkar, K; Mihaljević, L; Prahin, E; Vraneš, J, 2016)	0.88
" aureus activity of P128 alone and in combination with standard-of-care antibiotics on planktonic and biofilm-embedded cells."	( Antibiofilm Activity and Synergistic Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms by Bactericidal Protein P128 in Combination with Antibiotics. Desai, S; Nair, S; Poonacha, N; Sharma, U; Vipra, A, 2016)	0.43
"Recent reports have demonstrated that vancomycin (VAN) may lead to an increase in the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) when it is combined with antipseudomonal beta-lactams."	( Nephrotoxicity during Vancomycin Therapy in Combination with Piperacillin-Tazobactam or Cefepime. Burgess, DR; Burgess, DS; Cox, JN; Martin, CA; Rutter, WC, 2017)	1.04
" The objective of this study was to compare the rates of nephrotoxicity in patients receiving vancomycin in combination with PTZ administered as an extended infusion (EI) versus a standard infusion (SI)."	( Comparison of Rates of Nephrotoxicity Associated with Vancomycin in Combination with Piperacillin-Tazobactam Administered as an Extended versus Standard Infusion. Dubrovskaya, Y; Louie, E; Mousavi, M; Papadopoulos, J; Scipione, MR; Zapolskaya, T, 2017)	0.92
"Our findings suggest a similar rate of nephrotoxicity between patients who received vancomycin in combination with PTZ EI versus PTZ SI."	( Comparison of Rates of Nephrotoxicity Associated with Vancomycin in Combination with Piperacillin-Tazobactam Administered as an Extended versus Standard Infusion. Dubrovskaya, Y; Louie, E; Mousavi, M; Papadopoulos, J; Scipione, MR; Zapolskaya, T, 2017)	0.93
"Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients often receive prolonged courses of broad spectrum antibiotics, such as piperacillin-tazobactam or cefepime in combination with vancomycin and tobramycin."	( Piperacillin-tazobactam versus cefepime incidence of acute kidney injury in combination with vancomycin and tobramycin in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. LeCleir, LK; Pettit, RS, 2017)	0.87
"AKI occurred in nearly 55% of patients with piperacillin-tazobactam therapy versus 13% of patients with cefepime therapy, which suggests cefepime may be preferred in combination with vancomycin and tobramycin for pediatric CF patients."	( Piperacillin-tazobactam versus cefepime incidence of acute kidney injury in combination with vancomycin and tobramycin in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. LeCleir, LK; Pettit, RS, 2017)	0.87
"To determine whether early administration of adjuvant β-lactam in combination with vancomycin (COMBO) affects clinical outcomes compared to standard vancomycin therapy alone (STAN) among patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infection."	( Early Administration of Adjuvant β-Lactam Therapy in Combination with Vancomycin among Patients with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infection: A Retrospective, Multicenter Analysis. Beyda, ND; Bowers, DR; Casapao, AM; Dilworth, TJ; Jacobs, DM, 2017)	0.91
"To discuss the curative effect of the early application of the antibiotic-laden bone cement (ALBC) combined with the external fixation support in treating the open fractures of lower limbs complicated with bone defect."	( [Early application of the antibiotic-laden bone cement (ALBC) combined with the external fixation support in treating the open fractures of lower limbs complicated with bone defect]. Guo, L; Mao, ZG; Xiao, J; Zhu, HH, 2017)	0.46
"From December 2013 to January 2015, 36 cases of lower limb open comminuted fractures complicated with bone defects were treated by the vancomycin ALBC combined with the external fixation support, including 26 males and 10 females with an average age of 38."	( [Early application of the antibiotic-laden bone cement (ALBC) combined with the external fixation support in treating the open fractures of lower limbs complicated with bone defect]. Guo, L; Mao, ZG; Xiao, J; Zhu, HH, 2017)	0.66
"The ALBC combined with external fixation support was an effective method for early treatment to treat the traumatic lower limb open fractures complicated with bone defects."	( [Early application of the antibiotic-laden bone cement (ALBC) combined with the external fixation support in treating the open fractures of lower limbs complicated with bone defect]. Guo, L; Mao, ZG; Xiao, J; Zhu, HH, 2017)	0.46
"To compare the incidence of nephrotoxicity in patients receiving intravenous vancomycin in combination with cefepime, meropenem, or piperacillin/tazobactam."	( Comparison of the Nephrotoxicity of Vancomycin in Combination With Cefepime, Meropenem, or Piperacillin/Tazobactam: A Prospective, Multicenter Study. Bartel, BJ; Catlin, JS; Gilder, RE; Kramer, CJ; Mullins, BP, 2018)	0.98
"This was a prospective, multicenter observational study of patients receiving vancomycin in combination with piperacillin/tazobactam versus cefepime or meropenem."	( Comparison of the Nephrotoxicity of Vancomycin in Combination With Cefepime, Meropenem, or Piperacillin/Tazobactam: A Prospective, Multicenter Study. Bartel, BJ; Catlin, JS; Gilder, RE; Kramer, CJ; Mullins, BP, 2018)	0.98
"To study the clinical effects of negative pressure closed drainage combined with vancomycin loaded calcium sulfate and autogenous bone in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis."	( [Clinical study on negative pressure closed drainage combined with vancomycin loaded calcium sulfate and autogenous bone in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis]. Li, Q; Liu, LZ; Song, SF; Wu, GZ; Zhang, W, 2017)	0.92
"Negative pressure closed drainage combined with vancomycin loaded calcium sulfate and autogenous bone in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis is a good and reliable method, worthy of clinical promotion."	( [Clinical study on negative pressure closed drainage combined with vancomycin loaded calcium sulfate and autogenous bone in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis]. Li, Q; Liu, LZ; Song, SF; Wu, GZ; Zhang, W, 2017)	0.95
" Limited data regarding the impact of meropenem (MEM) combined with VAN exist."	( Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury among Patients Treated with Piperacillin-Tazobactam or Meropenem in Combination with Vancomycin. Burgess, DS; Rutter, WC, 2018)	0.69
" In the time-kill analysis, TRQ at 1/2 × MIC in combination with vancomycin at 1/2 × MIC, as well as TRQ at 1/8 × MIC in combination with linezolid at 1/2 × MIC decreased the viable colonies by ≥2log10 CFU/ml, resulting in a potent synergistic effect against planktonic MRSA."	( In vitro antibacterial effects of Tanreqing injection combined with vancomycin or linezolid against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Blažeković, B; Li, C; Liu, J; Ma, S; Ren, C; Sun, Y; Tian, G; Vladimir-Knežević, S; Wang, Y; Xing, Y; Yang, W, 2018)	0.95
"To explore the curative effects of vancomycin and cefotaxime combined with gamma globulin respectively in neonatal septicemia and their influences on PCT, CRP, and hs-CRP, so as to provide references for clinical treatment."	( Curative effects of vancomycin and cefotaxime combined with gamma globulin respectively in neonatal septicemia and their influences on PCT, CRP and hs-CRP. Ouyang, Y; Xu, YB; Zhao, D, 2020)	1.16
" Patients treated with vancomycin combined with gamma globulin were selected as group A (96 cases) and those treated with cefotaxime combined with gamma globulin were selected as group B (85 cases)."	( Curative effects of vancomycin and cefotaxime combined with gamma globulin respectively in neonatal septicemia and their influences on PCT, CRP and hs-CRP. Ouyang, Y; Xu, YB; Zhao, D, 2020)	1.19
"Cefotaxime combined with gamma globulin in the treatment of patients with neonatal septicemia has short improvement time in clinical symptoms, high total effective rate of drugs, low mortality, fewer adverse reactions and complications, and can significantly reduce levels of serum CRP, PCT, and hs-CRP, which is worthy of further promotion and application in clinical practice."	( Curative effects of vancomycin and cefotaxime combined with gamma globulin respectively in neonatal septicemia and their influences on PCT, CRP and hs-CRP. Ouyang, Y; Xu, YB; Zhao, D, 2020)	0.88
" striatum meningitis combined with multiple abscesses has not been published before."	( Corynebacterium striatum meningitis combined with suspected brain and lung abscesses: a case report and review. Cao, XJ; Fan, J; Yin, ZG; Yu, K; Zhang, MJ, 2020)	0.56
" striatum and combined with suspected brain and lung abscesses."	( Corynebacterium striatum meningitis combined with suspected brain and lung abscesses: a case report and review. Cao, XJ; Fan, J; Yin, ZG; Yu, K; Zhang, MJ, 2020)	0.56
"Vancomycin combined with β-lactams (Combo therapy) has been encouraged in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infections (BSIs) in recent years, but its efficacy and safety have not been systematically evaluated."	( Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of vancomycin combined with β-lactam antibiotics in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections. Deng, C; Hu, Y; Liao, L; Sun, L; Wang, C; Wang, Z; Ye, C, 2020)	2.24
" Therefore, the above experiments showed that the fracture internal fixator combined with vancomycin cationic liposome had better biocompatibility, antibacterial ability and osteogenic ability, which provides a promising anti-infection material for the clinical field of fracture."	( Study on the anti-infection ability of vancomycin cationic liposome combined with polylactide fracture internal fixator. Cai, W; Chen, J; Chen, S; Guo, J; Jiao, C; Liu, J; Song, Z; Xu, X; Xu, Z; Yi, Y; Zhang, Y; Zheng, L; Zhong, J, 2021)	1.11
" The patient started with a febrile headache that progressed to impaired consciousness after 20 days, and she finally died after treatment with vancomycin combined with rifampicin."	( A case report of the differential diagnosis of Cellulosimicrobium cellulans-infected endocarditis combined with intracranial infection by conventional blood culture and second-generation sequencing. He, C; Tian, R; Wang, R; Zhang, H, 2020)	0.76
" Therefore, Ag-NPs are appropriate applicants for use in combination with vancomycin in order to augment its antibacterial action."	( Assessment of the Antibacterial Potential of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Combined with Vancomycin Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Infection in Rats. Abdel-Aziz, MM; Awad, M; Sidkey, NM; Yosri, M; Younis, AM, 2021)	1.07
"A total of 29 MRSA, including 6 VISA, 14 hVISA, and 9 VSSA isolates, were subjected to a microbroth dilu- tion-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) checkerboard using vancomycin combined with cefotaxime, imipenem, or meropenem."	( Synergistic effect of vancomycin combined with cefotaxime, imipenem, or meropenem against Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin Booncharoen, S; Chaiyapoke, C; Chanawong, A; Lulitanond, A; Srisrattakarn, A; Tavichakorntrakool, R; Tippayawat, P; Wongthong, S, 2021)	1.13
" Using time-kill assay, the vancomycin combined with either imipenem or cefotaxime demonstrated synergism against both VISA and hVISA isolates, while the synergistic effect with meropenem was obtained only in the VISA isolates."	( Synergistic effect of vancomycin combined with cefotaxime, imipenem, or meropenem against Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin Booncharoen, S; Chaiyapoke, C; Chanawong, A; Lulitanond, A; Srisrattakarn, A; Tavichakorntrakool, R; Tippayawat, P; Wongthong, S, 2021)	1.23
" Teicoplanin can be preferred instead of VAN when combination with TZP is used particularly for patients with high AKI risk."	( Comparison of teicoplanin versus vancomycin in combination with piperacillin-tazobactam or meropenem for the risk of acute kidney injury. Akova, M; Aslan, AT; Dağ, O; Pashayev, T, 2021)	0.9
"Recent studies have shown that the incidence of nephrotoxicity increases when vancomycin is combined with a beta-lactam antibiotic."	( Comparative incidence of acute kidney injury in patients on vancomycin therapy in combination with cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam or meropenem. Duong, L; Harriott, NG; Ives, AL; Pan-Chen, S; Rungkitwattanakul, D, 2022)	1.19
" In this study, we aimed to explore the antibiofilm activity of melittin, either alone or in combination with vancomycin and rifampin, against biofilm-producing MRSE strains."	( Prevention, inhibition, and degradation effects of melittin alone and in combination with vancomycin and rifampin against strong biofilm producer strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Alikhani, MY; Arciola, CR; Bagheri, KP; Mirzaei, R; Sedighi, I; Yousefimashouf, R, 2022)	1.15
"A fast analysis method, which was adopted to detect residues of vancomycin and norvancomycin in milk, was implemented on a chromatographic system containing online solid-phase extraction (SPE) device that combined with high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS)."	( Determination of Vancomycin and Norvancomycin Residues in Milk by Automated Online Solid-Phase Extraction Combined With Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Ai, LF; Chen, MN; Liang, SX; Wang, H; Wang, HP; Zhang, Y, 2022)	1.3
"The method for detecting vancomycin and norvancomycin residues in milk by online SPE combined with LC-HRMS."	( Determination of Vancomycin and Norvancomycin Residues in Milk by Automated Online Solid-Phase Extraction Combined With Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Ai, LF; Chen, MN; Liang, SX; Wang, H; Wang, HP; Zhang, Y, 2022)	1.36
" In this study, high doses of Bifidobacterium breve YH68 were used alone or in combination with vancomycin (VAN) and metronidazole (MTR) to treat pCDI mice."	( Therapeutic Effects of Bifidobacterium breve YH68 in Combination with Vancomycin and Metronidazole in a Primary Clostridioides difficile-Infected Mouse Model. Meng, L; Yang, H; Yang, J, 2022)	1.17
" Additionally, micro-CT and histological analysis were used to evaluate the impact of D-AAs combined with vancomycin on the bone remodelling around the prosthesis."	( Effects of intra-articular D-amino acids combined with systemic vancomycin on an experimental Staphylococcus aureus-induced periprosthetic joint infection. Amat, A; Cao, L; Li, Y; Ma, H; Mu, W; Qi, F; Sun, X; Wuermanbieke, S; Zhang, X, 2022)	1.17
" Moreover, treated with D-AAs in combination with vancomycin improved the weight-bearing activity performance, increased the sizes and widths of distal femurs, and improved Rissing scale scoring."	( Effects of intra-articular D-amino acids combined with systemic vancomycin on an experimental Staphylococcus aureus-induced periprosthetic joint infection. Amat, A; Cao, L; Li, Y; Ma, H; Mu, W; Qi, F; Sun, X; Wuermanbieke, S; Zhang, X, 2022)	1.21
"Data from two retrospective cohorts of 'real-life' use of fidaxomicin and bezlotoxumab in combination with a standard anti-C."	( Fidaxomicin monotherapy versus standard therapy combined with bezlotoxumab for treating patients with Clostridioides difficile infection at high risk of recurrence: a matched cohort study. Armiñanzas Castillo, C; Cano Yuste, A; Cobo Reinoso, J; De La Torre Cisneros, J; Díaz Pollán, B; Escudero-Sanchez, R; Fernández Fradejas, J; García Basas, L; García Fernández, S; Giner, L; Gutierrez Rojas, A; Gutiérrez, B; López Medrano, F; Martín Segarra, O; Merino De Lucas, E; Muriel García, A; Olmedo Sampedrio, M; Ramos Martínez, A; Rodríguez Hernández, MJ; Rodríguez-Pardo, D; Ruíz Ruigomez, M; Sáez Bejar, C; Salavert Lletí, M; Tasias Pitarch, M; Valencia Alijo, A, 2022)	0.72
" Our study was designed to investigate the effect of vancomycin-loaded calcium sulfate hemihydrate/nanohydroxyapatite/carboxymethyl chitosan (CSH/n-HA/CMCS) hydrogels combined with BMSC sheets as bone substitutes for the treatment of IBDs."	( Application of vancomycin-impregnated calcium sulfate hemihydrate/nanohydroxyapatite/carboxymethyl chitosan injectable hydrogels combined with BMSC sheets for the treatment of infected bone defects in a rabbit model. Liu, S; Liu, Y; Lu, S; Luo, W; Ma, Q; Qian, J; Wang, G; Wang, L; Wang, Y; Zhang, Y; Zhao, Z; Zhu, Z, 2022)	1.32
"Vancomycin (VAN)-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) is increased when VAN is combined with certain beta-lactams (BLs) such as piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) but has not been evaluated with ceftolozane-tazobactam (C/T)."	( Nephrotoxicity of Vancomycin in Combination With Beta-Lactam Agents: Ceftolozane-Tazobactam vs Piperacillin-Tazobactam. Alosaimy, S; Amaya, L; Biagi, M; Chandler, E; Cubillos, A; Davis, SL; Finch, N; Hobbs, ALV; Holger, D; Jorgensen, SCJ; Kufel, WD; Kunz Coyne, AJ; Lagnf, AM; Li, D; Molina, KC; Moore, WJ; Morrisette, T; Mubarez, M; Patch, M; Polisetty, RS; Rebold, N; Rico, M; Rybak, MJ; Sakoulas, G; Simon, SP; Smith, IMK; Tran, NN; Truong, J; Venugopalan, V; Veve, MP; Witucki, P; Wrin, J; Yost, C, 2023)	2.69
" The VAN had no inhibitory activity on the tested human cell lines, even at a concentration 125 times higher than its MIC, whereas the THL, alone or in combination with VAN, presented a cytostatic action."	( In vitro and in vivo local tolerability of a synergistic anti-tuberculosis drug combination intended for pulmonary delivery. Al Kattar, S; Chraibi, S; Fontaine, V; Lambot, C; Menchi, E; Ravon, F; Remmelink, M; Wauthoz, N, 2023)	0.91
"To investigate the effectiveness of modified tibial transverse bone transport technique combined with vancomycin calcium phosphate bone cement local filling and covering in the treatment of diabetic foot (DF)."	( [Effectiveness analysis of modified tibial transverse bone transport technique combined with vancomycin calcium phosphate bone cement local filling and covering in treatment of diabetic foot]. Gao, X; Guan, J; Li, W; Xiong, F; Yao, C; Zhang, T; Zhou, L, 2022)	1.16
"The clinical data of 22 DF patients treated with modified tibial transverse bone transport technique combined with vancomycin calcium phosphate bone cement local filling and covering between October 2019 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed."	( [Effectiveness analysis of modified tibial transverse bone transport technique combined with vancomycin calcium phosphate bone cement local filling and covering in treatment of diabetic foot]. Gao, X; Guan, J; Li, W; Xiong, F; Yao, C; Zhang, T; Zhou, L, 2022)	1.15
"Modified tibial transverse bone transport technique combined with vancomycin calcium phosphate bone cement local filling and covering for DF patients can effectively improve the blood supply of the affected limb, promote wound healing, and improve effectiveness."	( [Effectiveness analysis of modified tibial transverse bone transport technique combined with vancomycin calcium phosphate bone cement local filling and covering in treatment of diabetic foot]. Gao, X; Guan, J; Li, W; Xiong, F; Yao, C; Zhang, T; Zhou, L, 2022)	1.18
" Herein, an intracellular synergistic strategy is proposed, which is realized by on-site delivery of a drug combination using a macrophage/intracellular bacterium-dual targeted drug delivery system (DDS)."	( Dual-targeted poly(amino acid) nanoparticles deliver drug combinations on-site: an intracellular synergistic strategy to eliminate intracellular bacteria. Feng, W; Kang, X; Li, G; Li, H; Liu, F; Wang, X; Zhao, D; Zheng, W, 2023)	0.91

Bioavailability

Oral vancomycin has poor bioavailability due to its poor water solubility and relatively high molecular weight. Linezolid is the first of a new class of antimicrobial agents known as the oxazolidinones.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Although the effects of precipitate formation on drug bioavailability and toxicity have not been fully determined, until such information is available, the use of combinations of drugs that remain in solution during administration is recommended."	( The solubility of antibiotic and corticosteroid combinations. Lee, BL; Matoba, AY; Osato, MS; Robinson, NM, 1992)	0.28
" Bioavailability of eremomycin and teichoplanin after their extravascular administration was the same and amounted to 94 per cent."	( [Glycopeptide antibiotics: eremomycin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin. Comparison of several parameters of pharmacokinetics and antimicrobial activity]. Filippos'iants, ST; Gol'dberg, LE; Malkova, IV, 1989)	0.55
"Vancomycin is poorly absorbed when administered by mouth and, for systemic infections, must be given intravenously."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin. Moellering, RC, 1984)	2.03
"A rapid simple and robust reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for rapid screening in bioavailability studies or comparative bioequivalence studies."	( Rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of vancomycin in human plasma. Luksa, J; Marusic, A, 1995)	0.53
"The Upjohn oxazolidinones, U-100592 and U-100766, are orally bioavailable synthetic antimicrobial agents with spectra of activity against antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant gram-positive pathogens."	( In vivo activities of U-100592 and U-100766, novel oxazolidinone antimicrobial agents, against experimental bacterial infections. Barbachyn, MR; Brickner, SJ; Ford, CW; Hamel, JC; Hutchinson, DK; Moerman, JK; Stapert, D; Wilson, DM; Yancey, RJ, 1996)	0.29
" Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone with excellent bioavailability properties that affords potential use in the treatment of a wide variety of infections caused by Gram-positive organisms such as streptococci."	( The comparative antimicrobial activity of levofloxacin tested against 350 clinical isolates of streptococci. Biedenbach, DJ; Jones, RN, 1996)	0.29
" The mean systemic bioavailability of netilmicin and vancomycin following a single intramuscular administration in normal chickens was 27."	( Pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of netilmicin and vancomycin in chickens. el-Komy, AA; el-Sayed, MG; el-Shiakh, LR, 1997)	0.79
"Hydrophilic drugs are often poorly absorbed when administered orally."	( Design of compounds that increase the absorption of polar molecules. Amidon, GL; Axelrod, HR; Babu, S; Bowe, CL; Chan, TY; Choe, SY; Kahne, D; Kakarla, R; Kim, JS; Lee, HJ; Mokhtarzadeh, L; Sofia, MJ; Venkatesan, P; Walker, S, 1997)	0.3
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of an emulsion incorporating unsaturated fatty acids to improve the mucosal absorption of poorly absorbed drugs from rat intestinal loops in situ, using a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsion."	( Enhanced enteral bioavailability of vancomycin using water-in-oil-in-water multiple emulsion incorporating highly purified unsaturated fatty acid. Chiba, Y; Kajita, M; Morishita, M; Nagai, T; Takayama, K; Tokiwa, S, 2000)	0.58
"To demonstrate utility of folic acid-coated liposomes for enhancing the delivery of a poorly absorbed glycopeptide, vancomycin."	( Formulation and evaluation of a folic acid receptor-targeted oral vancomycin liposomal dosage form. Anderson, KE; Eliot, LA; Rogers, JA; Stevenson, BR, 2001)	0.76
"5-fold increase in relative bioavailability for uncoated and FA-PEO-Chol-coated liposomes, respectively, compared with an oral solution."	( Formulation and evaluation of a folic acid receptor-targeted oral vancomycin liposomal dosage form. Anderson, KE; Eliot, LA; Rogers, JA; Stevenson, BR, 2001)	0.55
" It is water soluble, having a high molecular weight, and poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract."	( Enhanced intestinal absorption of vancomycin with Labrasol and D-alpha-tocopheryl PEG 1000 succinate in rats. Eaimtrakarn, S; Ishida, M; Prasad, YV; Puthli, SP; Shibata, N; Takada, K; Yoshikawa, Y, 2003)	0.6
" Oral linezolid has excellent bioavailability and activity against MRSA and MR-CoNS and offers the potential for outpatient treatment of MRSA and MR-CoNS infections."	( Early switch and early discharge opportunities in intravenous vancomycin treatment of suspected methicillin-resistant staphylococcal species infections. Goetz, MB; Parodi, S; Rhew, DC, )	0.37
" Data from clinical trials suggest that poorly absorbed antimicrobials might have a decreased risk of causing AAD and Clostridium difficile-associated disease, as concluded from studies of antibiotics used for preoperative bowel decontamination and poorly absorbed antibiotics used for traveler's diarrhea."	( Antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis: are they less common with poorly absorbed antimicrobials? Surawicz, CM, 2005)	0.33
" Melittin, while showing little potential as an antimicrobial agent, may have potential in delivery of poorly bioavailable drugs."	( Investigation of the cytotoxicity of eukaryotic and prokaryotic antimicrobial peptides in intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. Maher, S; McClean, S, 2006)	0.33
"Orally-administered vancomycin is poorly absorbed in most patients, usually producing minimal or subtherapeutic serum concentrations."	( Significant absorption of oral vancomycin in a patient with clostridium difficile colitis and normal renal function. Alpert, MA; Aradhyula, S; Bhutto, SS; Hafidh, SA; Manian, FA, 2006)	0.94
" Oral vancomycin has very poor bioavailability and, as of May 4, 2006, has not been associated with hepatic toxicity."	( Vancomycin-induced elevation of liver enzyme levels. Cadle, RM; Darouiche, RO; Mansouri, MD, 2006)	2.26
" Linezolid is the first of a new class of antimicrobial agents known as the oxazolidinones with activity against gram-positive bacteria similar to that of vancomycin and yet its oral bioavailability allows for enteral administration."	( Preliminary experience with the use of oral linezolid in infants for the completion of antibiotic therapy in the outpatient setting after admission to the pediatric intensive care unit. Sullivan, J; Tobias, JD, )	0.33
"The bioavailability of vancomycin during a 6-hour IP exchange was 70% +/- 5%, resulting in a delivered dose of 12."	( Vancomycin disposition following intraperitoneal administration in children receiving peritoneal dialysis. Abdel-Rahman, S; Blowey, DL; Frye, RF; Manley, HJ; Warady, BA, )	1.88
" Furthermore, in vivo efficacies and pharmacokinetic properties of the selected compounds were also disclosed herein; the selected compounds showed reasonable bioavailability as well as in vivo efficacy comparable to that of linezolid."	( Synthesis and biological evaluation of new N-linked 5-triazolylmethyl oxazolidinones. Chen, Y; Fan, H; Ji, R; Jiang, Z; Yang, Y; Zhang, S; Zhong, D, 2008)	0.35
" Bioavailability and antibacterial activity of the precipitate and the supernatant were estimated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and microbiologic assay respectively."	( Physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity of the precipitate of vancomycin and ceftazidime: implications in the management of endophthalmitis. Bali, T; Das, T; Raju, B; Rao, V; Sharma, S; Thiagarajan, G, 2008)	0.58
" Based on pharmacokinetic analysis, the bioavailability of VCM was estimated to over 33%."	( Unexpected serum level of vancomycin after oral administration in a patient with severe colitis and renal insufficiency. Ariyoshi, N; Harigaya, K; Hattori, N; Kitada, M; Miura, G; Nakamura, H; Nakasa, H; Oda, S; Sadahiro, T; Shinozaki, K; Toyoda, A; Yamagata, S; Yamazaki, S, 2009)	0.65
"Oral bioavailability (F) is a product of fraction absorbed (Fa), fraction escaping gut-wall elimination (Fg), and fraction escaping hepatic elimination (Fh)."	( Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination. Chang, G; El-Kattan, A; Miller, HR; Obach, RS; Rotter, C; Steyn, SJ; Troutman, MD; Varma, MV, 2010)	0.36
" To investigate the timing of halogenation and the importance of chlorination on bioactivity and bioavailability of enduracidin, and to probe the substrate specificity and portability of the ramoplanin halogenase, we constructed the mutant strain SfDelta30 in which the enduracidin halogenase gene orf30 had been deleted and complemented it with the ramoplanin counterpart orf20."	( Enduracidin analogues with altered halogenation patterns produced by genetically engineered strains of Streptomyces fungicidicus. Chen, Y; Wang, Y; Yin, X; Zabriskie, TM; Zhang, L, 2010)	0.36
" In addition to mechanisms involving specific genetic or physiological cell properties, antibiotic sorption and/or reaction with biofilm components may lessen the antibiotic bioavailability and consequently decrease their efficiency."	( Correlative time-resolved fluorescence microscopy to assess antibiotic diffusion-reaction in biofilms. Briandet, R; Daddi Oubekka, S; Fontaine-Aupart, MP; Steenkeste, K, 2012)	0.38
" this study seeks to determine the effect that surface area and volume have on the elution characteristics and bioavailability of tobramycin and vancomycin when mixed in polymethylmethacralate (PMMA) bone cement in various combinations."	( Mechanical properties and elution characteristics of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement impregnated with antibiotics for various surface area and volume constructs. Chong, AC; Duey, RE; McQueen, DA; Song, Z; Steinberger, TA; Womack, JL; Wooley, PH, 2012)	0.58
" This compromises its bioavailability if it were to be used along with vancomycin at the site of infection when the treatment needs to be administered in vivo."	( Sol-gel silica controlled release thin films for the inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Agrawal, A; Bhattacharyya, S; Ducheyne, P; Knabe, C, 2014)	0.64
" Vancomycin (VCM), as a glycopeptide antibiotic with antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria, is poorly absorbed from the intestinal tract."	( Study of antimicrobial effects of vancomycin loaded PLGA nanoparticles against enterococcus clinical isolates. Abdollahi, S; Hassan, M; Jelvehgari, M; Lotfipour, F; Milani, M; Valizadeh, H, 2014)	1.59
" The development of antibiotic delivery systems to improve the biodistribution and bioavailability of antibiotics is a practical strategy for reducing the generation of antibiotic resistance and increasing the lifespan of newly developed antibiotics."	( Core-shell supramolecular gelatin nanoparticles for adaptive and "on-demand" antibiotic delivery. Li, LL; Qi, GB; Wang, H; Xu, JH; Yu, F; Zhao, X, 2014)	0.4
" All plasma sample concentrations of SMT19969 were below the limit of quantification (25 ng/ml) at all time points, consistent with the reported lack of bioavailability of the compound."	( In vivo assessment of SMT19969 in a hamster model of clostridium difficile infection. Pulse, M; Vickers, R; Weiss, W, 2014)	0.4
" Vancomycin (VCM), a poorly absorbed drug, was administered intraduodenally to rats with SIUs."	( Intestinal and hepatic expression of cytochrome P450s and mdr1a in rats with indomethacin-induced small intestinal ulcers. Hamaguchi, T; Horibe, S; Inoue, J; Kawauchi, S; Miki, I; Mizuno, S; Nakamura, T; Nishikawa, C; Tanahashi, T; Yasui, H, 2014)	1.31
" This antibiotic is bactericidal and is orally bioavailable in mice."	( Structure-activity relationship for the oxadiazole class of antibiotics. Antunes, NT; Boudreau, MA; Chang, M; Ding, D; Lastochkin, E; Leemans, E; Lichtenwalter, K; Mobashery, S; O'Daniel, PI; Peng, Z; Pi, H; Schroeder, VA; Song, W; Spink, E; Suckow, MA; Testero, SA; Vakulenko, S; Wolter, WR, 2015)	0.42
"The purpose of this clinical investigation was to evaluate the systemic bioavailability of antibiotics from bone cement after implantation."	( Bioavailability of gentamicin and vancomycin released from an antibiotic containing bone cement in patients undergoing a septic one-stage total hip arthroplasty (THA) revision: a monocentric open clinical trial. Bösebeck, H; Frommelt, L; Gehrke, T; Kendoff, DO; Stangenberg, P, )	0.41
" Our findings reveal that an orally bioavailable TLR-7 ligand that stimulates innate antiviral immune pathways in the intestine restores colonization resistance against a highly antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogen."	( TLR-7 activation enhances IL-22-mediated colonization resistance against vancomycin-resistant enterococcus. Abt, MC; Artis, D; Becattini, S; Buffie, CG; Carter, RA; Keith, JW; Leiner, I; Osborne, LC; Pamer, EG; Sušac, B, 2016)	0.67
" However, topically applied VCM suffers from poor ocular bioavailability because of its high molecular weight and hydrophilicity."	( Nanoparticles as tool for enhanced ophthalmic delivery of vancomycin: a multidistrict-based microbiological study, solid lipid nanoparticles formulation and evaluation. El-Laithy, HM; Elkheshen, SA; Essam, T; Fahmy, RH; Yousry, C, 2016)	0.68
"Ocular topically applied Vancomycin (VCM) suffers poor bioavailability due to its high molecular weight and hydrophilicity."	( Studying the influence of formulation and process variables on Vancomycin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles as potential carrier for enhanced ophthalmic delivery. El-Laithy, HM; Elkheshen, SA; Essam, T; Fahmy, RH; Yousry, C, 2017)	1
" Based on pharmacokinetic analysis, the bioavailability of VCM was estimated to be over 54."	( An extremely high bioavailability of orally administered vancomycin in a patient with severe colitis and renal insufficiency. Ariyoshi, N; Fujishiro, T; Hattori, N; Ishii, I; Ishikawa, M; Matsubara, H; Miyauchi, H; Oami, T; Oda, S; Suzuki, T; Takatsuka, H; Yamazaki, S, 2017)	0.7
" These compounds were found to be orally bioavailable and highly effective."	( Synthesis, antituberculosis studies and biological evaluation of new quinoline derivatives carrying 1,2,4-oxadiazole moiety. Eswaran, S; Narayanan, S; Shivarudraiah, P; Shruthi, TG; Subramanian, S, 2019)	0.51
"Though marketed for over half a century, little is known about the pharmacokinetics of oral vancomycin except that its bioavailability is low, thus making accurate determination of plasma concentrations difficult."	( An ultra-sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS assay for the quantification of orally administered vancomycin in plasma. Burhenne, J; Foerster, KI; Haefeli, WE; Höne, RT; Merle, U; Mohr, I; Sauter, M; Uhl, P, 2019)	0.96
" Consequently, compound 10 was orally bioavailable with a highly-acceptable pharmacokinetic profile in vivo that exhibited a half-life of 4 h and achieved a maximum plasma concentration that exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against all tested bacterial isolates."	( Phenylthiazoles with nitrogenous side chain: An approach to overcome molecular obesity. Abutaleb, NS; Elsebaei, MM; Hagras, M; Li, D; Mahgoub, AA; Mayhoub, AS; Mohammad, H; Seleem, MN, 2019)	0.51
"Bacteriophage-derived lysin proteins are potentially effective antimicrobials that would benefit from engineered improvements to their bioavailability and specific activity."	( Computationally Aided Discovery of LysEFm5 Variants with Improved Catalytic Activity and Stability. Baryakova, TH; Hackel, BJ; Ritter, SC; Tresnak, DT, 2020)	0.56
" Our demonstration - for the first time - of complexation/depletion interactions for model mucin systems with vancomycin provides the basis for further study on the implications of complexation on glycopeptide transit in humans, antibiotic bioavailability for target inhibition, in situ generation of resistance and future development strategies for absorption of the antibiotic across the mucus barrier."	( The antibiotic vancomycin induces complexation and aggregation of gastrointestinal and submaxillary mucins. Adams, GG; Channell, G; Coupe, H; Dinu, V; Fisk, I; Harding, SE; Lithgo, R; Lu, Y; Mackie, A; Parmenter, C; Phillips-Jones, MK; Sabater, C; Torcello Gómez, A; Weston, N, 2020)	1.12
"Vancomycin is a potent antibacterial drug that suffers from poor bioavailability due to its poor water solubility and relatively high molecular weight."	( Control of Vancomycin Activity through the Encapsulation and Controlled Release from a Propargyl Acrylate-Poloxamer Nanocomposite System. Foulger, SH; Jones, HW; Klep, O; Reukov, V, 2020)	2.39
" Its striking effectiveness in this and other patients supports further investigation in randomized trials, with careful attention to its bioavailability profile in the gut."	( Successful response of primary sclerosing cholangitis and associated ulcerative colitis to oral vancomycin may depend on brand and personalized dose: report in an adolescent. Ali, AH; Alrabadi, L; Buness, CW; Cox, KL; Johnson, KM; Lindor, KD; Miloh, T, 2021)	0.84
" A promising strategy to increase the bioavailability of periplanetasin-2 involves reducing the dose through combination therapy with other antibacterials that show synergistic effects."	( Periplanetasin-2 Enhances the Antibacterial Properties of Vancomycin or Chloramphenicol in Hwang, JS; Lee, DG; Lee, H, 2021)	0.87
" Development of antibiotic delivery systems is often necessary to improve bioavailability and biodistribution, in order to reduce antibiotic resistance and increase the lifespan of antibiotics."	( Exploring the possible targeting strategies of liposomes against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Azhari, H; Chen, XY; Mat Rani, NNI; Mohd Amin, MCI; Mustafa Hussein, Z; Mustapa, F; Sekar, M, 2021)	0.62
"9 mg/L with a mean bioavailability of 98."	( Intraperitoneal pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in patients on automated peritoneal dialysis. Kraft, WK; Lam, E; Piraino, B; Stickle, DF; Ting Kayla Lien, Y; Zhang, J, 2022)	1
" However, the unsatisfactory bioavailability of vancomycin alone has greatly limited its potential health benefits."	( Development of responsive chitosan-based hydrogels for the treatment of pathogen-induced skin infections. Duan, J; Huang, L; Kong, L; Lü, Y; Mu, H; Shi, J; Wang, J; Wang, X; Yang, Y, 2022)	0.98
" The poor oral bioavailability of VAN and THL and the predominant tropism of Mtb infection to the lungs make their pulmonary administration very attractive."	( In vitro and in vivo local tolerability of a synergistic anti-tuberculosis drug combination intended for pulmonary delivery. Al Kattar, S; Chraibi, S; Fontaine, V; Lambot, C; Menchi, E; Ravon, F; Remmelink, M; Wauthoz, N, 2023)	0.91
" Risks of exposure to sub-MIC concentrations with vancomycin in surgical procedures are greater as there is decreased bioavailability in tissue in comparison to other antibiotics."	( Dose optimization in surgical prophylaxis: sub-inhibitory dosing of vancomycin increases rates of biofilm formation and the rates of surgical site infection. Brothers, KM; Byrapogu, VC; Ma, D; Mandell, JB; Parker, DM; Taguchi, M; Thurlow, LL; Urish, KL, 2023)	1.4
"We measured antibiotic penetration and bioavailability in staphylococcus biofilms using simulated humanized concentrations of fluorescent vancomycin plus or minus rifampin."	( Staphylococcal biofilm: penetration and bioavailability of vancomycin with or without rifampin. Antoci, V; Bleick, CR; Daffinee, KE; Garcia, D; LaPlante, KL; O'Neill, ET; Williams, G, 2023)	1.36
" The microbial community inhabiting the gut of mammals plays an important role in health, for instance by affecting the uptake, excretion, and bioavailability of some xenobiotic toxicants."	( Antibiotic induced restructuring of the gut microbiota does not affect oral uptake and accumulation of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in rats. Bahl, MI; Davidsen, N; Granby, K; Licht, TR; Lykkebo, CA; Mortensen, MS; Ramhøj, L; Svingen, T, 2023)	0.91

Dosage Studied

No international guidelines on initial dosing of vancomycin CoI exist. A dosing table based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was developed. An eGFR-derived dosing schedule was established and implemented in clinical practice.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The frequency of infection was significantly lower among the patients on the PEPA program, and dosage escalation of the chemotherapeutic agents was accomplished more often among these patients."	( Protected environment-prophylactic antibiotic program for malignant lymphoma. Randomized trial during chemotherapy to induce remission. Bodey, GP; Cabanillas, F; Freireich, EJ; Rodriguez, V, 1979)	0.26
" Dosage requirements are increased in burned patients and serum antibiotic levels must be monitored for maximal effectiveness and minimal toxicity."	( Use of systemic antibiotics in the burned patient. Haburchak, DR; Pruitt, BA, 1978)	0.26
" The peritoneal transport of vancomycin indicates that the dosage should be increased during peritoneal dialysis."	( Peritoneal transport of vancomycin during peritoneal dialysis. Hansen, HE; Nielsen, HE; Sørensen, I, 1979)	0.86
"Data on 40 patients with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis treated with appropriate antibiotics in adequate dosage at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center hospitals between January 1961 and June 1975 were analyzed."	( Prognostic factors in Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis and results of therapy with a penicillin and gentamicin. Baird, IM; Watanakunakorn, C, )	0.13
" In 4 anuric patients in intermittent haemodialysis the dosage of vancomycin necessary to treat infection with penicillin-resistantstrains of Staphylococcus aureus was determined."	( Renal excretion of vancomycinin in kidney disease. Hansen, HE; Korsager, B; Nielsen, HE; Skov, PE, 1975)	0.82
" Animals infected with strain SF-195 received 5 days of no therapy, ampicillin, ampicillin-gentamicin, vancomycin, or daptomycin (all at the dosage regimens described above)."	( Comparison of daptomycin, vancomycin, and ampicillin-gentamicin for treatment of experimental endocarditis caused by penicillin-resistant enterococci. Bayer, AS; Eliopoulos, GM; Grayson, ML; Ramos, MC, 1992)	0.8
" High protein binding of daptomycin (> 90%) and the lower-than-expected concentrations in serum with the dosage regimen of 3 mg/kg of body weight every 12 h may have contributed to these failures."	( In vitro pharmacodynamic effects of concentration, pH, and growth phase on serum bactericidal activities of daptomycin and vancomycin. Bailey, EM; Kaatz, GW; Lamp, KC; Rybak, MJ, 1992)	0.49
" Guidelines for dosing and administration of vancomycin for cardiovascular surgical prophylaxis are provided."	( Comparative study of cefazolin, cefamandole, and vancomycin for surgical prophylaxis in cardiac and vascular operations. A double-blind randomized trial. Acher, CW; Bohn, MJ; Kroncke, GM; Maki, DG; Myerowitz, PD; Stolz, SM, 1992)	0.8
" Teicoplanin was administered at a dosage of 100 mg twice a day for 10 days, and vancomycin was administered at a dosage of 500 mg four times a day for 10 days."	( Prospective study of oral teicoplanin versus oral vancomycin for therapy of pseudomembranous colitis and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. de Lalla, F; Manfrin, V; Nicolin, R; Rigoli, R; Rinaldi, E; Scarpellini, P; Tramarin, A, 1992)	0.76
" Post-distribution 'peak' concentrations are generally only useful for determining the optimal dosing interval for patients with impaired renal function."	( Simplified dosing and monitoring of vancomycin for the burn care clinician. Rice, TL, 1992)	0.56
" Both these antimicrobials seem appropriate for the treatment of meningitis caused by penicillin G-resistant pneumococci provided their dosage is adjusted to achieve adequate drug levels in the cerebrospinal fluid."	( [Bacteriostatic activity and killing curves of eight antibiotics against seven strains of penicillin G-resistant pneumococci]. Barakett, V; Burghoffer, B; Delisle, F; Guidet, B; Lesage, D; Offenstadt, G; Petit, JC; Richard, G; Vergez, P, 1992)	0.28
" Vancomycin is superior against coagulase-negative staphylococci and reliable dosage regimens are available."	( Vancomycin and teicoplanin: something old, something new. Golledge, CL; Phillips, G, 1992)	2.64
" Dosage regimens based on the pharmacokinetic data have been suggested; however, their efficacy has not been formally documented."	( Systemic absorption of intraperitoneal antimicrobials in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Mason, NA; O'Brien, MA, 1992)	0.28
" These include lower incidence of side-effects, lower toxicity (especially in combination with aminoglycosides), lower dosage frequency and the possibility of intramuscular administration."	( Teicoplanin in perspective. A critical comparison with vancomycin. Janknegt, R, 1991)	0.53
" Teicoplanin in the dosage employed was tolerated better than vancomycin in the empirical treatment of fever and neutropenia in our patient population."	( Double-blind comparison of teicoplanin versus vancomycin in febrile neutropenic patients receiving concomitant tobramycin and piperacillin: effect on cyclosporin A-associated nephrotoxicity. Chow, AW; Cole, CD; Jewesson, PJ; Kureishi, A; Phillips, GL; Reece, DE; Rubinger, M; Smith, JA, 1991)	0.78
" The unnecessary use of antibiotics was the single most common type of misuse in both groups, but errors in dosing collectively accounted for nearly one-half of antibiotic misuse."	( Antibiotic misuse in two clinical situations: positive blood culture and administration of aminoglycosides. Casabar, E; Dunagan, WC; Gray, JL; Lawrenz, C; Medoff, G; Smith, MD; Spitznagel, E; Woodward, RS, )	0.13
" Thus, those patients who undergo dialysis with polyacrylonitrile and are treated with vancomycin may need supplementary doses post dialysis or to lessen dosage intervals than those traditionally used for dialysis patients since clearance of the drug is significantly higher than with cuprophane dialyzers."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in patients undergoing hemodialysis with polyacrylonitrile. Cano, M; Cao, C; Fernandez, E; Montoliu, J; Rivas, MC; Torras, J, 1991)	0.83
" Blood samples were collected serially over an 8- or 12-hour dosing interval following a one-hour infusion."	( Vancomycin protein binding in patients with infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Albrecht, LM; Edwards, DJ; Rybak, MJ; Warbasse, LH, )	1.57
" Two dosage regimens of each drug were used: 10 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg administered every 12 h for 14 days."	( Daptomycin versus vancomycin treatment for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in a murine model. Avent, K; Cobbs, G; Dill, R; Graves, A; Lyon, D; Smith, K, 1990)	0.61
" Empiric dosing based on schedules suggested in the literature would have led to high peak and low mean concentrations of intrareservoir vancomycin."	( Instillation of vancomycin into a cerebrospinal fluid reservoir to clear infection: pharmacokinetic considerations. Amodio, M; Einzig, AI; Halevy, R; Hirsch, BE; Soeiro, R, 1991)	0.83
" Regimen B was the best treatment since the low dosage of vancomycin proved effective."	( [Prevention of septicemia caused by gastrointestinal tract organisms in patients with granulopenia. Comparison of three gastrointestinal tract decontamination treatments]. Boyer, G; Darbas, H; Donadio, D; Monnet, P; Ramounau-Pigot, A, 1991)	0.53
"The resurgence of the use of and interest in vancomycin, in conjunction with the high degree of interpatient variability in its pharmacokinetic profile, has prompted the development of many and varied dosing methods."	( An updated comparison of drug dosing methods. Part IV: Vancomycin. Erdman, SM; Pryka, RD; Rodvold, KA, 1991)	0.79
" In separate experiments, the potential of teicoplanin to cure endocarditis was assessed, using two dosage regimens: (i) 30 mg/kg per day (mean level in serum, 13 micrograms/ml) for 10 days or (ii) 150 mg/kg per day (mean level in serum, 84 micrograms/ml) for 5 days."	( Efficacy of teicoplanin in two dosage regimens for experimental endocarditis caused by a beta-lactamase-producing strain of Enterococcus faecalis with high-level resistance to gentamicin. Eliopoulos, GM; Moellering, RC; Thauvin-Eliopoulos, C; Yao, JD, 1990)	0.28
" Among 25 patients who received teicoplanin at a dosing schedule of 6 mg/kg every 24 h intravenously, steady state was reached after 14."	( Application of a modified bioassay for monitoring serum teicoplanin and vancomycin in febrile neutropenic patients. Bartlett, KH; Chow, AW; Cole, CD; Jewesson, PJ; Kureishi, A, 1990)	0.51
" It is likely that the clinical efficacy of daptomycin in humans would be enhanced by higher dosing than has been studied to date."	( Effect of human serum on the bactericidal activity of daptomycin and vancomycin against staphylococcal and enterococcal isolates as determined by time-kill kinetic studies. Stratton, CW; Weeks, LS, )	0.37
" A dose-response curve was seen between the amount of extract added and the degree of resistance, as measured by both MIC and growth curves."	( Staphylococcus epidermidis extracted slime inhibits the antimicrobial action of glycopeptide antibiotics. Clogston, AG; Farber, BF; Kaplan, MH, 1990)	0.28
" These data allow construction of a dosing schedule for vancomycin therapy in patients receiving renal support via CAVHD."	( Clearance of vancomycin during continuous arteriovenous hemodiafiltration. Bellomo, R; Boyce, N; Ernest, D; Parkin, G, 1990)	0.89
" The dosing method developed is based on the pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin derived from our patient data and the relationship between Cl and CrCl described by the following equation, Cl = (0."	( Using clinical data to determine vancomycin dosing parameters. Birt, JK; Chandler, MH, 1990)	0.79
" An increase of the creatinine serum levels was observed in all cases but it was never necessary to discontinue treatment, adjustment of the vancomycin and aminoglycoside dosage according to the serum and/or serum creatinine levels allowing continuation of therapy."	( Vancomycin-aminoglycoside combinations in therapy of endocarditis caused by Enterococcus species and Streptococcus bovis. Besnier, JM; Buré, A; Leport, C; Vildé, JL, 1990)	1.92
" Multiple serum samples were drawn following a 1-h vancomycin infusion at steady state over an 8- to 12-h dosing interval."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in burn patients and intravenous drug abusers. Albrecht, LM; Berman, JR; Rybak, MJ; Svensson, CK; Warbasse, LH, 1990)	1.97
" These results confirm that a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model can be sufficiently individualized with the knowledge of just two concentrations of drug in patient serum; it is possible to predict closely subsequent concentrations in serum, and dosing regimens for individual patients can be well adjusted to achieve the chosen therapeutic goals."	( Application of a Bayesian method to monitor and adjust vancomycin dosage regimens. Foo, KA; Harrison, EC; Hurst, AK; Jelliffe, RW; Mitani, GH; Yoshinaga, MA, 1990)	0.53
" Applying these calculations the dosage in patients undergoing hemofiltration can be determined by monitoring the initial plasma concentration."	( Elimination of vancomycin during hemofiltration. Rawer, P; Seim, KE, 1989)	0.63
"An assessment of the dosage regimens prescribed for potentially nephrotoxic antibiotics (amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and vancomycin) was undertaken on surgical intensive care unit patients."	( Pharmacokinetic monitoring of nephrotoxic antibiotics in surgical intensive care patients. Crotchett, J; Fischer, RP; Miller-Crotchett, P; Reed, RL; Wu, AH, 1989)	0.48
" These data suggest that in sick infants, in addition to the PCA, serum creatinine should be considered when determining the initial vancomycin dosing regimen."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in infants: relationship to postconceptional age and serum creatinine. Folli, HL; Gabriel, MH; Kildoo, CW; Lin, LM; Modanlou, HD, 1989)	1.92
" Vancomycin was infused over a period of 60 minutes in a dosage of 14."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in very low birth weight neonates. Koren, G; Leonard, MB; Prober, CG; Stevenson, DK, 1989)	2.63
"In 43 ICU patients undergoing continuous volume constant hemofiltration (CVHF), the pharmacokinetics of 12 drugs were investigated to ensure correct dosage adjustments."	( [Dosage adjustment of drugs during continuous hemofiltration. Results and practical consequences of a prospective clinical study]. Dehne, M; el Abed, K; Hofmann, W; Kroh, U; Lennartz, H, 1989)	0.28
" The antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical indications, dosing schedules, and adverse reactions of vancomycin are summarized."	( Vancomycin. A new old agent. Ingerman, MJ; Santoro, J, 1989)	1.93
" We conclude that, contrary to prevailing opinion, vancomycin can be rapidly cleared by hemodialysis in the small pediatric patient, and that the dosage should be adjusted accordingly."	( Enhanced clearance of vancomycin by hemodialysis in a child. Chevalier, RL; Cummings, R; Gomez, RA; Rogol, AD; Schoumacher, R; Spyker, DA, 1989)	0.84
" The Moellering method succeeded in achieving this goal in 96 percent of the simulated one-hour levels, and in 72 percent of the troughs when a six-hour dosing interval was selected."	( Evaluation of three methods for determining initial vancomycin doses. Ackerman, BH, 1989)	0.53
"The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of a vancomycin dosing program in predicting dosages necessary to achieve desired serum vancomycin concentrations in a relatively large patient population."	( Evaluation of a Bayesian method for predicting vancomycin dosing. Burton, ME; Gentle, DL; Vasko, MR, 1989)	0.77
" However, a lower dosage of 125 or 150 mg given three or four times a day has become popular, has been shown to be effective, and is less expensive than the high-dose regimen."	( Treatment of antibiotic-associated Clostridium difficile colitis with oral vancomycin: comparison of two dosage regimens. Buggy, B; Deery, HG; Fekety, R; Kauffman, C; Silva, J, 1989)	0.51
"Five methods of dosing vancomycin (Matzke, Moellering, Nielsen, Lake-Peterson, and manufacturer's) were simulated in 37 patients."	( Simulation of vancomycin peak and trough concentrations using five dosing methods in 37 patients. Blum, RA; Crossley, KB; Fischer, JH; Riff, LJ; Rodvold, KA; Rotschafer, JC; Zokufa, HZ, 1989)	0.95
" The dosage regimen used was 50 mg of vancomycin or teicoplanin per 2 1 bag of dialysate for 48 h followed by 25 mg per bag for a further five days."	( Intraperitoneal teicoplanin in the treatment of peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Ackrill, P; Bowley, JA; Jones, DM; Pickering, SJ; Scantlebury, AJ, 1988)	0.55
" These results suggest that lower dosage of streptomycin in the therapy of enterococcal infections will probably result in a higher relapse rate."	( Synergistic effect of ampicillin or vancomycin in combination with decreasing concentrations of streptomycin against enterococci. Fuursted, K, 1988)	0.55
" The largest reductions of viable counts in the kidneys at each dosage as compared to the bacterial counts of untreated animals were achieved with coumermycin (3."	( Efficacy of coumermycin, ofloxacin and vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in experimental infections of mice. Breyer, S; Georgopoulos, A; Hirschl, AM; Rotter, ML; Stanek, G, 1988)	0.54
"Vancomycin was administered IV to healthy adult female dogs at a dosage of 15 mg/kg of body weight every 12 hours for 10 days."	( Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered vancomycin in dogs. Brown, SA; Zaghlol, HA, 1988)	1.95
"The purpose of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin and to develop optimal dosage guidelines in infants."	( Dosage guidelines for the use of vancomycin based on its pharmacokinetics in infants. Lisby-Sutch, SM; Nahata, MC, 1988)	0.79
"This study evaluated a dosing method for initiating vancomycin therapy in a large population based on patients' age, weight, and renal function."	( Evaluation of a method for initiating vancomycin therapy: experience in 205 patients. Lake, KD; Peterson, CD, 1988)	0.8
" Dosage adjustment and serum concentration monitoring are necessary in patients undergoing CAVH while receiving vancomycin therapy."	( Elimination of vancomycin by continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration. John, E; Lau, AH, )	0.7
" Among these are various disease states, obesity, fluid imbalances, the drug dosage form used, and concurrent drug use."	( Use of serum drug concentrations in surgical patients. Connors, JE; DiPiro, JT; Sisley, JF, 1988)	0.27
"A new vancomycin dosing chart for use in patients with impaired renal function is described."	( Vancomycin dosing chart for use in patients with renal impairment. Brown, DL; Mauro, LS, 1988)	2.2
" When colonisation was established, vancomycin was administered to the dosing chamber three times daily so as to give peak concentrations of 16, 32, 64 and 128 mg/l."	( Use of an in vitro model for studying the eradication of catheter colonisation by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Barsham, S; Bayston, R; Zdroyewski, V, 1988)	0.55
" The practical dosing intervals that the calculated dose can be divided into and administered include 8, 12, 24, and 48 h based on the CLCR of the patient."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in patients with various degrees of renal function. Blum, RA; Crossley, KB; Fischer, JH; Riff, LJ; Rodvold, KA; Rotschafer, JC; Zokufa, HZ, 1988)	1.72
" The capsule produced faecal, plasma and urine levels of the antibiotic which are similar to those obtained with the solution and offers a viable, convenient oral dosage form."	( Disposition of vancomycin in healthy volunteers from oral solution and semi-solid matrix capsules. Bowtle, WJ; Lucas, RA; Ryden, R, 1987)	0.63
"The predictive performance of a Bayesian method for vancomycin dosing was compared with that of two nomogram-based methods and the Sawchuk-Zaske method."	( Accuracy of Bayesian, Sawchuk-Zaske, and nomogram dosing methods for vancomycin. Garrelts, JC; Godley, PJ; Horton, MW; Karboski, JA, 1987)	0.76
" Oral bacitracin at this dosage level was as effective as vancomycin in resolving the symptoms of C difficile-induced antibiotic-associated diarrhea in most patients but was less effective in eradicating C difficile and its toxin from patients' stools."	( Oral bacitracin vs vancomycin therapy for Clostridium difficile-induced diarrhea. A randomized double-blind trial. Carrington, G; Dudley, MN; Frick, J; McLaughlin, JC; Nightingale, CH; Quintiliani, R, 1986)	0.84
" Various methods have been published to aid in dosing the drug in these patients."	( Vancomycin: an update. Cheung, RP; DiPiro, JT, )	1.57
" The mean dosage of vancomycin was higher for the auditory impairment group than for the unimpaired group."	( Auditory brainstem response in young burn-wound patients treated with ototoxic drugs. Gary, LB; Hall, JW; Herndon, DN; Winkler, JB, 1986)	0.59
" Accumulation occurred for both regimens after repeated dosing and was independent of dose."	( Comparison of steady-state pharmacokinetics of two dosage regimens of vancomycin in normal volunteers. Comstock, TJ; Garson, ML; Healy, DP; Polk, RE; Rock, DT, 1987)	0.51
"Thirty-one patients who were prescribed vancomycin therapy at our institution since January 1, 1986, were dosed using the guidelines as described by Lake and Peterson."	( Evaluation of a new vancomycin dosing method. Musa, DM; Pauly, DJ, 1987)	0.86
" This finding was likely due to changes in the pharmacokinetics of the drug with multiple dosing and in infected versus uninfected rabbits."	( Ciprofloxacin versus vancomycin in the therapy of experimental methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. Barriere, SL; Fekety, R; Kaatz, GW; Schaberg, DR, 1987)	0.59
" Based on the positive clinical outcome (100% cure) among patients with uncomplicated gram-positive peritonitis, the potential use of this alternative vancomycin dosing regimen is proposed."	( Once weekly intraperitoneal therapy for gram-positive peritonitis. Morse, GD; Nairn, DK; Walshe, JJ, 1987)	0.47
" Consequently, renal function can be used to select a dosing regimen for vancomycin in such patients."	( Vancomycin elimination in patients with burn injury. Anderson, SA; Bawdon, RE; Brater, DC; Hunt, JL; Purdue, GF, 1986)	1.95
" Serial blood samples were obtained over a dosage interval and vancomycin serum concentrations were determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in infants: relationships to indices of maturation. Alpert, GA; Campos, JM; Paul, MH; Plotkin, SA; Polin, RA; Rocci, ML; Schaible, DH, )	1.81
" Treatment groups included controls receiving diluent and groups receiving vancomycin alone at a dosage of 200 mg/kg (body weight) per day, tobramycin alone at a dosage of 80 mg/kg per day, and a combination of vancomycin and tobramycin at the above dosages."	( Vancomycin enhancement of experimental tobramycin nephrotoxicity. Gilbert, DN; Houghton, DC; Kohlhepp, SJ; Kohnen, PW; Wood, CA, 1986)	1.94
"The disposition of vancomycin was assessed in five patients receiving hemofiltration after intravenous dosing with an 18 mg/kg dose after a hemofiltration procedure."	( Disposition of vancomycin during hemofiltration. Collins, AJ; Keshaviah, PR; Matzke, GR; O'Connell, MB, 1986)	0.95
" Of course, overall expense for the hospitalized patient includes costs of tests for monitoring for toxicity as well as administration costs, which are affected by the dosing frequency."	( Choosing antimicrobials. Factors to consider, available agents. Pankey, GA; Valainis, GT, 1985)	0.27
" The need for adjustment of drug dosage in patients with endstage renal disease and the need for supplemental dosages following haemodialysis are well recognised."	( Drug therapy in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Clinical pharmacokinetic considerations. Cornish, WR; Hardy, BG; Manuel, MA; Paton, TW, )	0.13
"An individualized method of vancomycin dosage adjustment using steady-state serum concentrations was assessed in 50 patients (86 sets of vancomycin serum concentrations)."	( Individualized adjustment of vancomycin dosage: comparison with two dosage nomograms. Boike, SC; Rybak, MJ, 1986)	0.86
" These differences alter the vancomycin dosing recommendations in these two groups of premature infants."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in premature infants. Gross, JR; Kaplan, SL; Kramer, WG; Mason, EO, 1985)	2
" However, repeated dosing of vancomycin (single dose: 50 mg/kg) led to renal accumulation when combined with fosfomycin (single dose: 250 mg/kg); renal vancomycin concentrations were lower."	( Influence of fosfomycin and tobramycin on vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity. Hedtke, D; Marre, R; Sack, K; Schulz, E, )	0.69
"Vancomycin dosing regimens should be individualized for each patient."	( A simplified dosing method for initiating vancomycin therapy. Lake, KD; Peterson, CD, )	1.84
" These relations enabled us to construct a nomogram for vancomycin dosage adjustment (based on a mean steady-state serum vancomycin concentration of 15 micrograms/mL) in patients with various degrees of renal functional impairment."	( Vancomycin therapy in patients with impaired renal function: a nomogram for dosage. Greenblatt, DJ; Krogstad, DJ; Moellering, RC, 1981)	1.95
" Pharmacy cost for the dosage used was $387."	( Prospective randomised trial of metronidazole versus vancomycin for Clostridium-difficile-associated diarrhoea and colitis. Gebhard, RL; Gerding, DN; Lee, JT; Olson, MM; Peterson, LR; Schwartz, MJ; Teasley, DG, 1983)	0.52
"Serum concentration measurements of antibacterial agents are increasingly used to optimise drug dosage regimens."	( Serum level monitoring of antibacterial drugs. A review. Follath, F; Vozeh, S; Wenk, M, )	0.13
" Since the drug is excreted primarily via the kidneys, dosage modification is imperative in patients with impaired renal function."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin. Moellering, RC, 1984)	0.59
" Serial blood and urine samples were collected for up to 2 days after dosing and were assayed for unchanged drug by a specific radioimmunoassay."	( Vancomycin disposition: the importance of age. Cutler, NR; Lesko, LJ; Narang, PK; Ninos, M; Power, M, 1984)	1.71
"Peak and trough vancomycin serum levels were measured in 37 severely ill patients following dosing using the Moellering nomogram."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients. Bauchet, J; Faurisson, F; Garaud, JJ; Inglebert, F; Regnier, B; Vachon, F, 1984)	2.06
" Vancomycin dosage ranged from 125 to 500 mg four times daily for an average of about ten days."	( Treatment of antibiotic-associated colitis with vancomycin. Buggy, B; Deery, HG; Fekety, R; Silva, J, 1984)	1.43
" A model with once-a-day dosing predicted that a loading dose of 30 mg/kg followed by 7 mg/kg would achieve steady-state plasma concentrations of 11 to 14."	( Vancomycin kinetics during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Aronoff, GR; Brier, ME; Bunke, CM; Luft, FC; Sloan, RS, 1983)	1.71
" Major variations in vancomycin levels were demonstrated in similar age groups and dosage regimens."	( Vancomycin dosage in pediatrics reconsidered. Alpert, G; Campos, JM; Harris, MC; Plotkin, SA; Preblud, SR, 1984)	2.03
"8807) can be utilized to devise dosage schedules for patients with any degree of renal impairment."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in patients with various degrees of renal function. Halstenson, CE; Keane, WF; Matzke, GR; McGory, RW, 1984)	0.59
" More frequent dosing may be necessary for less susceptible organisms."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Blevins, RD; Halstenson, CE; Matzke, GR; Salem, NG, 1984)	0.59
" The shorter mean terminal half-lives observed in morbidly obese patients allows more frequent dosing without excessive accumulation."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in normal and morbidly obese subjects. Bauer, LA; Blouin, RA; Griffen, WO; Miller, DD; Record, KE, 1982)	1.71
" One gm of vancomycin was given during dialysis at a mean dosage interval of 7 days for a mean duration of 48 days."	( Vancomycin therapy for serious staphylococcal infections in chronic hemodialysis patients. Bierman, MH; Egan, JD; Hammeke, M; Needham-Walker, CA, 1980)	2.09
" Nineteen episodes of diarrhea were treated with oral vancomycin in two dosage regimens for three to 14 days."	( Treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis and diarrhea with vancomycin. Baird, I; Batts, DH; Fekety, R; Plouffe, JF; Rifkin, GD; Silva, J, 1981)	0.75
" The enchancement of killing by pretreatment with cell wall-active antibiotics was present in a dose-response fashion to 1/16th the MIC."	( Interactions between antibiotics and human neutrophils in the killing of staphylococci. Isturiz, R; Malech, HL; Metcalf, JA; Molavi, A; Root, RK, 1981)	0.26
"Controversy exists regarding the need to monitor serum concentrations of vancomycin with some investigators recommending measurement of peak and trough concentrations in the first week of therapy and regularly thereafter, whereas others contend that empiric dosing produces safe and effective drug concentrations so that testing is unnecessary."	( Are serum levels of vancomycin useful in the first week of therapy? Bartholomew, WR; Goldstein, E; Parr, T; Vickers, MK, 1995)	0.85
"We prospectively studied the pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin in premature neonates given vancomycin according to a dosage protocol developed in our neonatal unit."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics and dosing in premature neonates. Levine, M; Ling, EW; McDougal, A, 1995)	1.98
" We sought to determine (i) whether ASA dosage influences the development of vegetations and (ii) whether ASA given with antimicrobial therapy improves the treatment outcome of infective endocarditis."	( Influence of aspirin on development and treatment of experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. Marangos, MN; Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Quintiliani, R, 1995)	0.29
" These changes suggest that the interval and magnitude of dosing should be adjusted, relative to the standard recommended dosages of each antibiotic, to maximize their efficacy."	( Antibiotic pharmacokinetics following fluid resuscitation from traumatic shock. Boucher, BA; Croce, MA; Fabian, TC; McKindley, DS; Proctor, KG, 1995)	0.29
" Either no antibiotics (control groups) or various preoperative and postoperative dosing schedules of cefazolin or vancomycin were given intravenously."	( The effect of prophylactic antibiotics on iatrogenic intervertebral disc infections. a rabbit model. Cantor, JB; Guiboux, JP; Herkowitz, HN; Small, SD; Zervos, M, 1995)	0.5
" The use of population-specific pharmacokinetic parameters and Bayesian forecasting should allow accurate dosage regimen design as well as minimize the need for monitoring serum vancomycin concentrations in neonates and young infants."	( Bayesian forecasting of serum vancomycin concentrations in neonates and infants. Gentry, CA; Gross, JR; Kraus, DM; Nickel, E; Plank, GS; Rodvold, KA, 1995)	0.77
" These data suggest that the treatment of fungal infections with fluconazole does not necessitate a reduction of the dosage during CVVH."	( Fluconazole is removed by continuous venovenous hemofiltration in a liver transplant patient. Bause, H; Höver, S; Scholz, J; Schulz, M; Steinfath, M, 1995)	0.29
" A suggested scheme for vancomycin dosage adjustments in these patients is presented."	( Vancomycin removal by high-flux polysulfone hemodialysis membranes in critically ill patients with end-stage renal disease. Anandan, JV; Dumler, F; Patel, RV; Touchette, MA; Zarowitz, BJ, 1995)	2.04
"Renewed interest in vancomycin over the past decade has led to an abundance of data concerning the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin, and its dosage selection and concentration-response relationships."	( Pharmacokinetic optimisation of vancomycin therapy. Castiglia, M; Chandler, MH; Leader, WG, 1995)	0.9
"We attempted to determine if an association exists between vancomycin serum concentrations resulting from traditional dosing regimens, and efficacy and toxicity outcomes."	( Association of vancomycin serum concentrations with outcomes in patients with gram-positive bacteremia. Katona, BG; Plaisance, KI; Zimmermann, AE, )	0.73
" Vancomycin has a shorter half-life than teicoplanin and requires multiple dosing to maintain adequate serum levels."	( Teicoplanin or vancomycin in the treatment of gram-positive infections? Murphy, S; Pinney, RJ, 1995)	1.55
" This unique infection model is useful for designing initial drug dosage regimens and may be predictive of drug efficacy against infective endocarditis."	( Bactericidal activities of teicoplanin, vancomycin, and gentamicin alone and in combination against Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model of endocarditis. Kaatz, GW; Kang, SL; McGrath, BJ; Rybak, MJ, 1994)	0.56
" In 6 infants aged 2-22 months receiving 22-45 mg/kg/day of vancomycin, a mean daily dosage of 40-45 mg/kg was adequate, with important individual variations."	( [Continuous infusion of vancomycin during the neonatal period]. Borderon, JC; Chamboux, C; Laugier, J; Mathieu, A; Saliba, E, 1994)	0.84
" Significant error in pharmacokinetic parameter estimations and dosage adjustments is possible when vancomycin concentrations are determined by FPIA."	( Overestimation of serum vancomycin concentrations using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay (Tdx) in preterm neonates. Paap, CM; Sharpe, GL, 1993)	0.81
"A dynamic in vitro model was used to assess four different vancomycin dosing regimens against Staphylococcus aureus."	( Efficacies of different vancomycin dosing regimens against Staphylococcus aureus determined with a dynamic in vitro model. Barclay, ML; Begg, EJ; Chambers, ST; Duffull, SB, 1994)	0.84
"Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin and dosage requirements were evaluated prospectively in 28 pediatric cancer patients 9 months to 13 years of age."	( A prospective study of vancomycin pharmacokinetics and dosage requirements in pediatric cancer patients. Chang, D; Liem, L; Malogolowkin, M, 1994)	0.92
" Despite these limitations, dosing of vancomycin may be improved by adjusting initial estimates of V for patient age, gender, and obesity."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in a patient population: effect of age, gender, and body weight. Ducharme, MP; Edwards, DJ; Slaughter, RL, 1994)	2
" The potential relationship between vancomycin, weight-, and age-adjusted dosing and the occurrence of neutropenia in our pediatric patient was postulated."	( Vancomycin-induced neutropenia during treatment of endocarditis in a pediatric patient. Colbert, J; Shinohara, YT, 1994)	2.01
" (3) The result of the dosage scheme proposed by the student is represented by a simulation of plotting antibiotic plasma concentrations vs."	( Teaching individualized antibiotic dosage regimens by means of two computer-assisted learning programs. Caillon, J; Douet, MC; Drugeon, HB; Kergueris, MF; Le Normand, Y; Milpied, N; Potel, G; Raffi, F; Roźe, JC, 1994)	0.29
" Individualized drug dosage regimens have made such therapy possible even in patients with impaired renal function."	( Computation of drug concentrations in endocardial vegetations in patients during antibiotic therapy. Barbaut, X; Brazier, JL; Chuzeville, M; Confesson, MA; el Brouzi, M; Ivanoff, N; Jelliffe, RW; Maire, P; Pivot, C; Vergnaud, JM, 1994)	0.29
"MM stochastic control of dosage regimens permits essentially full use of information, either in a population pharmacokinetic model or a Bayesian updated MM parameter set, to achieve and maintain selected therapeutic goals with optimal precision."	( Pharmaco-informatics: more precise drug therapy from "multiple model" (MM) stochastic adaptive control regimens: evaluation with simulated vancomycin therapy. Bayard, D; Jelliffe, RW; Milman, M; Schumitzky, A; Van Guilder, M, 1994)	0.49
" The dosage interval should be extended up to every 5 HD sessions for patients on SCE."	( Comparison of the effects of three haemodialysis membranes on vancomycin disposition. Abu-aisha, H; al-Haider, A; al-Yamani, MJ; Alwakeel, J; Huraib, S; Najjar, TA, 1994)	0.53
" Finally, vancomycin pharmacokinetics are sufficiently predictable that adequate serum drug concentrations can be obtained with dosing methods that take into account the patient's age, weight, and renal function."	( Serum vancomycin concentrations: reappraisal of their clinical value. Cantú, TG; Lietman, PS; Yamanaka-Yuen, NA, 1994)	1.17
"6 days, and dosing weight of 1492 +/- 1053 gm described the population."	( Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in neonates. Brundage, RC; Edgren, BE; Jensen, PD; Schilling, CG; Seay, RE, 1994)	0.57
" Because patients undergoing continuous haemofiltration have impaired renal function, dosage reduction is often recommended so that adverse drug reactions are avoided."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics during continuous haemofiltration. Bressolle, F; de la Coussaye, JE; Eledjam, JJ; Galtier, M; Kinowski, JM; Wynn, N, 1994)	0.29
" The latter were successfully treated with oral vancomycine, but in the last relapse an increased dosage of prednisone was required, too."	( [Clostridium difficile in early childhood ulcerative pancolitis]. Hoppen, T; Keller, KM; Rister, M; Stolte, M, 1993)	0.54
"Although increased vancomycin clearance has been reported with highly permeable hemodialysis membranes (such as polysulfone), failure to consider post-dialysis redistribution could lead to unnecessary dosage supplementation."	( Vancomycin redistribution: dosing recommendations following high-flux hemodialysis. Akkerman, S; Hooks, MA; Lampasona, V; Maroni, BJ; Mullins, RE; Pollard, TA; Tom, K, 1994)	2.06
"To identify how vancomycin dosing is being monitored and assess variability in the current practice."	( How vancomycin is used in Australasia--a survey. Begg, EJ; Chambers, ST; Duffull, SB, 1993)	1.19
" The predicted true peak (maximum) concentrations ranged from 30 to 86 mg/L, despite aiming for identical target concentrations, indicating marked variation in the actual dosing practice."	( How vancomycin is used in Australasia--a survey. Begg, EJ; Chambers, ST; Duffull, SB, 1993)	0.84
" This increased utilization has revitalized research concerning efficacious vancomycin dosing regimens for premature neonates, infants, and children."	( Vancomycin dosing in neonatal patients: the controversy continues. Phleps, SJ; Wandstrat, TL, 1994)	1.96
" Despite the availability of dosing nomograms and the use of peak and trough levels, vancomycin dosing has remained problematic."	( The appropriateness of initial vancomycin dosing. McKnight, JT; Robbins, M; Rodman, DP; Rogers, T, 1994)	0.8
"All intravenous vancomycin orders over a 3-month period in a community and teaching hospital were screened for appropriateness of initial dosing based on available dosing nomograms."	( The appropriateness of initial vancomycin dosing. McKnight, JT; Robbins, M; Rodman, DP; Rogers, T, 1994)	0.92
" There were no significant differences in the appropriateness of initial dosing between family medicine residents, attending physicians, and private staff physicians."	( The appropriateness of initial vancomycin dosing. McKnight, JT; Robbins, M; Rodman, DP; Rogers, T, 1994)	0.57
"Our study indicates a high percentage of inappropriate initial vancomycin dosing in a community and teaching hospital."	( The appropriateness of initial vancomycin dosing. McKnight, JT; Robbins, M; Rodman, DP; Rogers, T, 1994)	0.81
" Our modified dosing schedule consists of a loading dose of 1000 mg and a maintenance dose of 500 mg administered 3 times a week after haemodialysis."	( Vancomycin dosing in haemodialysis patients and Bayesian estimate of individual pharmacokinetic parameters. Borner, K; Erdmann, K; Giehl, M; Hörstensmeyer, C; Keller, F; Looby, M; Pommer, W, 1994)	1.73
"We evaluated the predictive performance of two commercial computer programs (Abbott and Simkin) for pharmacokinetic dosing of vancomycin in 50 critically ill patients, 40 with hematologic malignancies and 10 in intensive care."	( Individualizing vancomycin dosing regimens: an evaluation of two pharmacokinetic dosing programs in critically ill patients. Domínguez-Gil, A; Fernández de Gatta, MM; Fruns, I, )	0.68
"Drug dosage in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing haemodialysis is a very complex problem because of numerous variables relating to the patient, the type of drug administered and the type of dialysis and dialyser."	( Drug dosage in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing haemodialysis. A predictive study based on a microcomputer program. Dominguez-Gil, A; Mac-Kay, MV; Martinez-Lanao, J; Sanchez Burson, J, 1993)	0.29
" These data demonstrate that elderly patients exhibit significant differences in vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters compared with young patients and constitute a patient population in need of individualized vancomycin dosing due to substantial heterogeneity in physiologic and pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Comparison of vancomycin pharmacokinetics in hospitalized elderly and young patients using a Bayesian forecaster. Gilliland, S; Guay, DR; Rodvold, K; Rotschafer, J; Vance-Bryan, K, 1993)	0.87
"We conducted a randomized trial with ceftazidine alone or associated with amikacin or vancomycin to investigate the efficacy of the daily 3 g dosage of ceftazidime and the efficacy of monotherapy with ceftazidime and to determine if vancomycin should be added empirically."	( Should vancomycin be used empirically in febrile patients with prolonged and profound neutropenia? Results of a randomized trial. Andremont, A; Chiche, D; Guiguet, M; Hayat, M; Lagrange, P; Lapierre, V; Marie, JP; Pico, JL; Richet, H; Tancrede, C, 1993)	0.96
" The sigmoidal maximal flare model was used to fit each dose-response curve, and cutaneous responsiveness to vancomycin was quantified by various methods, including the flare area at each dose, maximum flare area (maximal flare), dose required to produce 50% of maximum flare, dose required to produce a flare area of 400 mm2, and the slope of the dose-response curve."	( Vancomycin skin tests and prediction of "red man syndrome" in healthy volunteers. Israel, D; Miller, J; Polk, RE; Stotka, J; Venitz, J; Wang, J, 1993)	1.94
"The correlation between Ke of AG and vancomycin may be beneficial for predicting Ke of vancomycin when AG concentrations have already been obtained or vice versa, and may give more accurate estimations of dosing intervals and require less time adjusting, ordering, and interpreting concentrations and dosages."	( Correlation of aminoglycoside and vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters. Cooper, BE; Wragge, TM, 1993)	0.84
" No statistically significant differences were noted in the volume of distribution or the half-life of the individual dosing regimens for either agent."	( Pharmacokinetics of minocycline and vancomycin in rabbits. Freeman, CD; Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Quintiliani, R, 1993)	0.56
"Case reports regarding CSF vancomycin dosing were evaluated and included: drug dosing, infecting organism, infectious disease state, infectious outcome, CSF dynamics/flow abnormalities, methods of drug administration, drug monitoring, and toxicities."	( Vancomycin administration into the cerebrospinal fluid: a review. Hatton, J; Luer, MS, )	1.87
"The results of this review are based on qualitative evaluations of anecdotal case reports and a basic understanding of intrathecal and intraventricular drug dosing principles."	( Vancomycin administration into the cerebrospinal fluid: a review. Hatton, J; Luer, MS, )	1.57
" Recommendations for dosing in the literature vary."	( Vancomycin administration into the cerebrospinal fluid: a review. Hatton, J; Luer, MS, )	1.57
" The pharmacokinetics of vancomycin and clinical cure rates of peritonitis with different dosing guidelines have been studied extensively."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antistaphylococcal antibiotics in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Keller, E, 1993)	0.59
"Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration increased the clearance of vancomycin and tobramycin requiring dosage modifications."	( Vancomycin and tobramycin clearance in an infant during continuous hemofiltration. Armstrong, DK; Eldadah, M; Hidalgo, HA, 1993)	1.97
"The predictive performance of a computer dosing program used for initiating vancomycin therapy was studied."	( Computer dosing program for the initiation of vancomycin therapy. Cookson, TL; Dreyfus-Vigil, SD; Duren, LL; Ito, MK; Simonian, JS, 1993)	0.77
" Several animal studies indicating effectiveness of penicillins for enterococcal endocarditis have used dosing regimens resulting in sustained serum levels."	( Aminoglycoside resistant enterococcal endocarditis. Eliopoulos, GM, 1993)	0.29
" Also, to identify the daily vancomycin dosage necessary to achieve target serum concentrations at steady-state and to determine if any relationships exist between vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters and various patient characteristics."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in neonates and infants: a retrospective evaluation. Asbury, WH; Buffington, DE; Capers, CC; Darsey, EH; Murphy, JE; Rose, WB, 1993)	2.02
" Vancomycin therapy was initiated with a loading dose of 15 mg/kg, followed by a maintenance dosage of 20-30 mg/kg/d, which was usually given as 10 mg/kg q8-12h."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in neonates and infants: a retrospective evaluation. Asbury, WH; Buffington, DE; Capers, CC; Darsey, EH; Murphy, JE; Rose, WB, 1993)	2.64
" For group 1, the mean daily dosage necessary to provide target peak (25-35 mg/L) and trough (5-10 mg/L) concentrations at steady-state was larger than that initially prescribed (29."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in neonates and infants: a retrospective evaluation. Asbury, WH; Buffington, DE; Capers, CC; Darsey, EH; Murphy, JE; Rose, WB, 1993)	1.73
"Our data demonstrate the need for a more accurate method of estimating initial vancomycin dosage requirements in this NICU population."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in neonates and infants: a retrospective evaluation. Asbury, WH; Buffington, DE; Capers, CC; Darsey, EH; Murphy, JE; Rose, WB, 1993)	1.96
" To sustain these concentrations subsequent dosing of vancomycin is necessary within 6 hours after the initial vancomycin dose."	( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous vancomycin in pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Del Nido, P; Hatzopoulos, FK; Levitsky, S; Rodvold, KA; Stile-Calligaro, IL; Sullivan-Bolyai, J, 1993)	0.82
" From the serum concentration results of both assays, vancomycin dosing recommendations were calculated to achieve a desired steady-state peak concentration of 35 mg/L and trough concentration of 10 mg/L."	( Falsely elevated serum vancomycin concentrations in hemodialysis patients. Carfagna, MA; Follin, SL; Kraus, MA; Mueller, BA; Scott, MK, 1996)	0.85
" The determination of vancomycin removal can be used to estimate vancomycin serum concentrations as well as dosage requirements."	( Influence of cellulose triacetate hemodialyzers on vancomycin pharmacokinetics. Dombrouski, J; Hoffman, EJ; Mason, NA; Odeh, RM; Patel, JA; Swartz, RD; Welage, LS, 1995)	0.86
"A multiple model (MM) stochastic control of dosage regimens permits essentially optimal use of the information contained in either a population pharmacokinetic model or in a MM Bayesian updated parameter set to achieve and maintain selected therapeutic goals with optimal precision."	( Pharmaco-informatics: more precise drug therapy from 'multiple model' (MM) adaptive control regimens: evaluation with simulated vancomycin therapy. Bayard, D; Jelliffe, RW; Milman, M; Schumitzky, A; Van Guilder, M, 1995)	0.5
"With Bayesian modeling and adaptive control of drug dosage regimens, serum and peripheral drug concentrations can be predicted in clinical situations using linear pharmacokinetic compartmental models (PK)."	( Adaptive control of therapeutic drug regimens relations between clinical situations: outcomes and simulations using nonlinear dynamic models. Barbaut, X; Jelliffe, RW; Maire, PH; Roux, D; Roy, M; Thalabard, JC; Vergnaud, JM, 1995)	0.29
"5 microgram (the absolutely dosed amount)."	( [Determination of serum vancomycin using capillary isotachophoresis]. Netriová, J; Polonský, J; Sádecká, J, 1995)	0.6
" Netilmicin was given to two additional groups at a higher dosage (6 mg/kg every 24 h intramuscularly) alone or in combination with vancomycin (15 mg/kg BID intravenously) for 12 days."	( Vancomycin or vancomycin plus netilmicin for methicillin- and gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus aortic valve experimental endocarditis. Donta, I; Giamarellou, H; Karayiannakos, P; Pefanis, A; Perdikaris, G, 1995)	1.94
" Antibiotic dosing was adjusted for renal dysfunction."	( Oral antibiotic treatment of right-sided staphylococcal endocarditis in injection drug users: prospective randomized comparison with parenteral therapy. Daoud, EG; Flexner, C; Goodman, SN; Hartert, TV; Heldman, AW; Kowalski, TE; Lietman, PS; Petty, BG; Pompili, VJ; Ray, SC; Sisson, SD; Tidmore, WC; vom Eigen, KA, 1996)	0.29
" Slow HD may effectively eliminate vancomycin by a diffusive mechanism and this elimination should be taken into consideration for designing the dosage schedule during the treatment."	( Effects of slowly performed daytime hemodialysis (slow HD) on the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in hemodynamically unstable patients with renal failure. Fujita, H; Ikeda, Y; Ishii, M; Kihara, M; Takagi, N; Tamura, K; Umemura, S; Yabana, M, 1996)	0.79
" Vancomycin dosage was based on current recommendations for weight and gestational age."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in critically ill infants undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Amaker, RD; Bhatia, J; DiPiro, JT, 1996)	1.53
" three times daily) and tobramycin (80 mg three times daily) for two weeks, followed by penicillin G in the same dosage for four more weeks."	( [Infectious thyroiditis as initial manifestation of embolizing endocarditis of the aortic valve]. Heufelder, AE; Hofbauer, LC; Spitzweg, C; Tammen, AR, 1996)	0.29
" Intervention in the TDM group involved patient follow-up by a clinical pharmacist to obtain and pharmacokinetically interpret serum vancomycin concentrations for dosage individualization."	( Cost-effectiveness analysis of serum vancomycin concentration monitoring in patients with hematologic malignancies. Caballero, D; Calvo, MV; Domínguez-Gil, A; Fernández de Gatta, MD; Hernández, JM; San Miguel, JF, 1996)	0.77
"Ten patients were treated with conventional dosing (CD) and continuous-infusion (CI) vancomycin therapy in this prospective, randomized, crossover study."	( Comparison of conventional dosing versus continuous-infusion vancomycin therapy for patients with suspected or documented gram-positive infections. James, JK; Levine, DP; Palmer, SM; Rybak, MJ, 1996)	0.76
"Vancomycin is often administered to hemodialysis patients at long dosage intervals because its removal by hemodialysis is considered to be negligible."	( Use of vancomycin in high-flux hemodialysis: experience with 130 courses of therapy. Barth, RH; DeVincenzo, N, 1996)	2.19
" However, the most favorable aminoglycoside dosing regimen for treating enterococcal endocarditis remains controversial."	( Once-versus thrice-daily netilmicin combined with amoxicillin, penicillin, or vancomycin against Enterococcus faecalis in a pharmacodynamic in vitro model. Blaser, J; Schwank, S, 1996)	0.52
" The patients dosage regimen were optimised by entering a set of peak and trough vancomycin serum levels into a clinical computer program (MB; USC*PACK PC collection; University of Southern California, USA) by utilising a 2-compartment Bayesian population model."	( Validity of Bayesian forecasting programme in therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin in a surgical intensive care unit: a prospective evaluation. Ang, B; Balram, C; Lee, EJ; Lim, BL; Wong, SY, 1996)	0.75
" Close monitoring of renal function of the neonate and vancomycin dosage individualization are mandatory when the above factors are present."	( [Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in neonates of postconceptional age less than or equal to 32 weeks]. Altirriba Valls, O; Demestre Guasch, X; Farré Riba, R; Ginovart Galiana, G; Lopes Santos, AP; Mangues Bafalluy, MA, 1996)	0.86
"Schematic dosage adjustments for aminoglycosides, vancomycin, and ciprofloxacin were derived from published data on the prolongation of elimination half-lives in patients with renal impairment."	( Dosage adjustment of antiinfective therapy in patients with renal impairment. Borner, K; Eckhardt, A; Keller, F; Zellner, D, 1997)	0.55
" The drugs concentrations during multiple dosage regimens were significantly increased in 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th days in comparison to the 1st day."	( Pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of netilmicin and vancomycin in chickens. el-Komy, AA; el-Sayed, MG; el-Shiakh, LR, 1997)	0.54
" The response of our patient and the reported in vivo data have implications for future treatment of this pathogen, and may necessitate a reevaluation of susceptibility interpretation guidelines by clinical laboratories, and therapeutic drug dosing by clinicians."	( Successful treatment of persistent bacteremia due to vancomycin-resistant, ampicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Hacek, DM; Mekonen, ET; Noskin, GA; Peterson, LR, 1995)	0.54
"To examine the applicability in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) of a modified version of the commonly used Lake and Peterson dosing regimen for vancomycin."	( A simple method for administering vancomycin in the spinal cord injured population. Darouiche, RO; Griver, AR; Prince, RA, 1997)	0.77
"Only 3 of 15 (20%) patients in the experimental group required a single adjustment in the dosing interval to achieve the targeted serum vancomycin concentrations."	( A simple method for administering vancomycin in the spinal cord injured population. Darouiche, RO; Griver, AR; Prince, RA, 1997)	0.78
"These results support the need for tailored vancomycin dosing in the SCI population and the efficacy of this simple method of administering vancomycin in achieving desirable concentrations of vancomycin in the serum of SCI patients."	( A simple method for administering vancomycin in the spinal cord injured population. Darouiche, RO; Griver, AR; Prince, RA, 1997)	0.84
"The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of low or excessive vancomycin dosing after initiation of treatment in pediatric patients and to determine the factors that are most predictive of optimized vancomycin dosage in this group."	( Special considerations for monitoring vancomycin concentrations in pediatric patients. Lakkis, H; Li, L; McGinnis, P; Miles, MV; Youngblood, J, 1997)	0.79
"The susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to vancomycin (VC) is excellent, but excessive dosing of VC leads to severe side effects."	( Parameter estimation and dosage adjustment in the treatment with vancomycin of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ocular infections. Amemiya, T; Etoh, K; Ichikawa, M; Jinbayashi, H; Matsuyama, K; Ohira, A; Saitoh, A; Saitoh, AK, 1997)	0.76
" The majority of dosage guidelines use the relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and patient variables such as chronological age, bodyweight, and/or measures of renal function."	( Pharmacokinetics and administration regimens of vancomycin in neonates, infants and children. Everett, JA; Kraus, DM; Pryka, RD; Rodvold, KA, 1997)	0.55
"The standard dosage of vancomycin in haemodialysis patients is usually 1 gram, once a week."	( Dosage recommendation of vancomycin during haemodialysis with highly permeable membranes. Schrander-van der Meer, AM; van Dorp, WT; Zoer, J, 1997)	0.91
"A single one-volume plasmapheresis does not remove a clinically important amount of vancomycin; therefore, supplemental dosing after the procedure is not necessary."	( Removal of vancomycin during plasmapheresis. Friedberg, RC; McClellan, SD; Whitaker, CH, 1997)	0.91
" Vancomycin monotherapy regimens were similar in bacterial kill regardless of dosing frequency."	( Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin alone and in combination with gentamicin at various dosing intervals against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected fibrin-platelet clots in an in vitro infection model. Houlihan, HH; Mercier, RC; Rybak, MJ, 1997)	1.53
" These two agents appear to differ in several respects, including: potential for selecting microbial resistance, dosing convenience, safety, and efficacy in severe infection."	( A closer look at vancomycin, teicoplanin, and antimicrobial resistance. Zeckel, ML, 1997)	0.64
" In this population, the concordance in dosage recommendations with the data pair results was 75% of patients."	( Vancomycin monitoring: one or two serum levels? Andrés, I; López, R; Pascual, C; Piñol, F; Pou, L, 1997)	1.74
" We measured serum cefuroxime and vancomycin levels after three different dosage regimens, in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)."	( Is single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis sufficient for coronary artery bypass surgery? An analysis of peri- and postoperative serum cefuroxime and vancomycin levels. Pokela, R; Syrjälä, H; Vuorisalo, S, 1997)	0.78
" An understanding of vancomycin's predominant dialytic mass transfer mechanism under a given set of operating conditions, including dialyser type and flow rates, may permit more accurate dosing of the drug."	( Vancomycin mass transfer characteristics of high-flux cellulosic dialysers. Clark, WR; Mueller, BA; Scott, MK, 1997)	2.06
" The aim of this study was to analyze whether individual high-flux hemodialysis treatment parameters are of predictive value for dosing guidelines, with use of vancomycin as a model compound."	( Urea kinetics and dialysis treatment time predict vancomycin elimination during high-flux hemodialysis. Schaedeli, F; Uehlinger, DE, 1998)	0.75
"The described population pharmacokinetic model allows individualization of vancomycin dosing intervals in patients receiving hemodialysis, based on patient characteristics and urea kinetic modeling."	( Urea kinetics and dialysis treatment time predict vancomycin elimination during high-flux hemodialysis. Schaedeli, F; Uehlinger, DE, 1998)	0.78
" For truly individualised therapy, it is necessary first to select a specific target goal, such as a desired serum or peripheral compartment concentration, and then to develop the dosage regimen individualised to best hit that target in that patient."	( Model-based, goal-oriented, individualised drug therapy. Linkage of population modelling, new 'multiple model' dosage design, bayesian feedback and individualised target goals. Barbaut, X; Bayard, D; Jelliffe, RW; Jiang, F; Maire, P; Milman, M; Schumitzky, A; Van Guilder, M; Wang, X, 1998)	0.3
" Use of this model enables individualization of vancomycin dosage in patients receiving concurrent aminoglycoside therapy and minimizes vancomycin serum concentration monitoring."	( Predictive performance of a vancomycin-aminoglycoside population model. Beringer, PM; Rho, JP; Wong-Beringer, A, 1998)	0.85
" A higher dosage of vancomycin associated with fusidic acid was rapidly efficient, and total recovery was achieved."	( [Postoperative mediastinitis due to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis with low sensitivity to vancomycin]. Durandy, Y; Hulin, S, 1997)	0.83
" These results were compared to those of healthy volunteers, and guidelines for dosage adjustment in VCM therapy are discussed."	( Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in Japanese adult patients. Hori, R; Iga, T; Oguma, T; Okumura, K; Yano, Y; Yasuhara, M; Zenda, H, 1998)	0.59
" Studies show that vancomycin use is increasing, that dosing is often inappropriate, that certain populations (such as oncology, neurosurgery, and cardiovascular surgery patients) are more likely to receive vancomycin, and that often use is not consistent with CDC recommendations."	( Epidemiology, appropriateness, and cost of vancomycin use. Jarvis, WR, 1998)	0.89
" Economic and other factors have led to the development of once-daily dosing protocols to simplify and standardize the administration of antibiotics."	( Failure of once-daily vancomycin for staphylococcal endocarditis. Marik, PE, )	0.45
" However, vancomycin dosing nomograms have not been studied in patients who are morbidly obese."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin in a morbidly obese patient. Gubbins, PO; Hickerson, SL; Penzak, SR; Rodvold, KA, 1998)	0.99
" The selection of an anti-infective drug for use outside the hospital setting must take into account not only the therapeutic effectiveness, cost effectiveness and safety of the drug, but also pharmacological factors such as the dosage schedule and the stability of the drug."	( Community-based parenteral anti-infective therapy (CoPAT). Pharmacokinetic and monitoring issues. Raymond, JL; Williams, DN, 1998)	0.3
" This dosing scheme reduces inconvenience to the patient and staff, and potentially can reduce nursing costs associated with post-dialysis administration; its cost is minimal."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin when administered during high flux hemodialysis. Dreitlein, WB; Foote, EF; Kapoian, T; Sherman, RA; Steward, CA; Walker, JA, 1998)	0.62
" The purpose of this study was to define a new dosage schedule in prematures."	( Constant rate infusion of vancomycin in premature neonates: a new dosage schedule. Debillon, T; Kergueris, MF; Pawlotsky, F; Roze, JC; Thomas, A, 1998)	0.6
" Alternate antibiotics may be equally effective and allow similar dosing in the chronic hemodialysis population."	( Cefazolin in chronic hemodialysis patients: a safe, effective alternative to vancomycin. Feintzeig, ID; Fogel, MA; Gavin, JP; Hunt, WA; Kim, RC; Nussbaum, PB, 1998)	0.53
"To describe the pharmacokinetic profiles of vancomycin administered by continuous infusion and intermittent dosing and compare the duration of activity of the regimens."	( Comparison of bactericidal activities of intermittent and continuous infusion dosing of vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Klepser, ME; Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Patel, KB; Quintiliani, R, )	0.61
" faecalis, 2 g continuous infusion plus gentamicin provided cidal activity for a significantly greater percentage of the dosing interval (p<0."	( Comparison of bactericidal activities of intermittent and continuous infusion dosing of vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Klepser, ME; Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Patel, KB; Quintiliani, R, )	0.35
" An open-label, retrospective study was conducted to determine dosing strategies in all neonates who received vancomycin during ECMO and compare pharmacokinetic values with those of matched controls not receiving ECMO."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in neonates receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Buck, ML, )	1.79
" The vancomycin desensitization protocol and subsequent dosing strategy was used to ensure the continuous presence of vancomycin at steady-state concentrations to prevent the return of anaphylactic sensitivity."	( Successful vancomycin desensitization in a patient with end-stage renal disease and anaphylactic shock to vancomycin. al-Tawfiq, JA; Cushing, HE; Robb, JL; Sorensen, SJ; Wise, SL, 1998)	1.2
" These results were compared with those in other articles, and a guideline for dosage adjustment in VCM therapy is discussed."	( Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in Japanese pediatric patients. Hori, R; Iga, T; Oguma, T; Okumura, K; Yano, Y; Yasuhara, M; Zenda, H, 1998)	0.59
"Vancomycin hydrochloride dosing requirements in morbidly obese patients with normal renal function were computed to determine the dose of vancomycin necessary to achieve target steady-state peak and trough concentrations and compared with a normal weight population."	( Vancomycin dosing in morbidly obese patients. Bauer, LA; Black, DJ; Lill, JS, 1998)	3.19
"2 h, V=46 L, CL=77 ml x min(-1), 20 of 24 patients required q8h dosing (1938 mg q8h) compared with q12h dosing (954 mg q12h) in all normal weight patients in order to avoid trough concentrations that were too low for prolonged periods."	( Vancomycin dosing in morbidly obese patients. Bauer, LA; Black, DJ; Lill, JS, 1998)	1.74
"Doses required to achieve desired vancomycin concentrations are similar in morbidly obese and normal weight patients when TBW is used as a dosing weight for the obese (approximately 30 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1))."	( Vancomycin dosing in morbidly obese patients. Bauer, LA; Black, DJ; Lill, JS, 1998)	2.02
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin in a neonatal population have been characterized to enable development of optimum dosage guidelines for neonatal intensive-care units and to examine the relationship between these pharmacokinetic parameters and various demographic, developmental and clinical factors which might be associated with changes in the kinetic profile of vancomycin."	( The kinetic profile of vancomycin in neonates. Almeida, AM; Bispo, MA; Costa, IM; Falcão, AC; Falcão, F; Palminha, JM; Reis, E; Silva, R, 1998)	0.89
" The recent move to once-daily dosing means that criteria for therapeutic drug monitoring need to be redefined."	( The therapeutic monitoring of antimicrobial agents. Barclay, ML; Begg, EJ; Kirkpatrick, CJ, 1999)	0.3
" In both groups concentrations in CSF remained higher than the MBC for greater than 80% of the respective dosing intervals, and the penetration of vancomycin into CSF was 20%."	( Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin for the treatment of experimental penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis. Ahmed, A; Jafri, H; Lutsar, I; McCoig, CC; McCracken, GH; Shelton, S; Trujillo, M; Wubbel, L, 1999)	0.83
" Demographic characteristics, vancomycin dosing regimen, serum vancomycin concentrations and sample times, concomitant drug therapy, and disease states were recorded."	( Lack of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity in newborn infants: a case-control study. Bhatt-Mehta, V; Brenner, T; Faix, RG; Leady, M; Schumacher, RE, 1999)	1.03
" As a result of the review's findings, the following actions were taken by the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee: (1) vancomycin was restricted to specific indications; (2) vancomycin will be prospectively monitored by the Pharmacy Department; (3) physician education on approved indications and dosing of vancomycin; and (4) development of guidelines for assessment and prescribing in penicillin-allergic patients."	( A targeted review of vancomycin use. Piquette, RK, 1991)	0.81
" If competitively priced as a once-daily dosing regimen, teicoplanin will likely gain initial acceptance as an alternative in patients with an intolerance to vancomycin infusion-related side effects or in patients placed on combination aminoglycoside therapy for extended periods of treatment, as an intramuscular antibiotic in patients with poor venous access, and for routine antibiotic prophylaxis where protection from resistant gram-positive pathogens is important."	( Teicoplanin vs vancomycin: cost-effectiveness comparisons. Rybak, MJ, 1993)	0.84
" Specific information was sought on the use of pharmacokinetic dosing services, antibiotic streamlining, and oral switch in each of the hospitals."	( Use of benchmarking techniques to justify the evolution of antibiotic management programs in healthcare systems. Birmingham, MC; Carr, JR; Hanson, SC; Paladino, JA; Schentag, JJ; Zimmer, G, )	0.13
" At these institutions, antibiotic management services consisted of formulary enforcement and aminoglycoside and/or vancomycin dosing services."	( Use of benchmarking techniques to justify the evolution of antibiotic management programs in healthcare systems. Birmingham, MC; Carr, JR; Hanson, SC; Paladino, JA; Schentag, JJ; Zimmer, G, )	0.34
" Patients dosed by the nomogram (NM) had regimens adjusted based on actual body weight, estimated creatinine clearance, and a targeted trough concentration of 5-20 microg/ml."	( Outcome assessment of minimizing vancomycin monitoring and dosing adjustments. Karam, CM; McKinnon, PS; Neuhauser, MM; Rybak, MJ, 1999)	0.58
" Single daily dosing of gentamicin was associated with clinically significant ototoxicity in 12% of our patients."	( Toxicity of single daily dose gentamicin in stem cell transplantation. Bruton, J; Champlin, R; Ippoliti, C; Van Besien, K; Warkentin, D, 1999)	0.3
" faecalis clinical isolate, the animals received IFN-gamma, antibiotic or a combination of both agents, subcutaneously, at determined dosing regimens."	( Influence of adjunctive interferon-gamma on treatment of gentamicin- and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis infection in mice. Bow, L; Bui, KQ; Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Onyeji, CO; Quintiliani, R, 1999)	0.54
"To design and evaluate dosing guidelines for vancomycin based on data collected during routine use of the drug."	( Pharmacokinetics and dose requirements of vancomycin in neonates. Grimsley, C; Thomson, AH, 1999)	0.83
" When the new recommendations on dosing were used prospectively in a separate group of neonates the proportion of acceptable troughs increased from 33% to 72%."	( Pharmacokinetics and dose requirements of vancomycin in neonates. Grimsley, C; Thomson, AH, 1999)	0.57
" Another patient was treated with a vancomycin dosing regimen based on data from the literature, but high trough concentrations made dose reduction necessary after 24 h of withholding therapy."	( Vancomycin clearance during continuous venovenous haemofiltration in critically ill patients. Blankestijn, PJ; Boereboom, FT; Savelkoul, TJ; van Dijk, A; Ververs, FF, 1999)	2.02
" Our dosage recommendation for vancomycin in critically ill patients receiving CVVHF is a loading dose of 15-20 mg/kg followed after 24 h by 250 to 500 mg twice daily with close monitoring of the serum and ultrafiltrate vancomycin concentration."	( Vancomycin clearance during continuous venovenous haemofiltration in critically ill patients. Blankestijn, PJ; Boereboom, FT; Savelkoul, TJ; van Dijk, A; Ververs, FF, 1999)	2.03
" for peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis, wound infections and presumed line infections and 22 for specific therapy of beta-lactam susceptible isolates because of dosing convenience in patients with renal failure."	( Prospective vancomycin audit in Auckland healthcare hospitals. Drinkovic, D; Morris, AJ; Pottumarthy, S; Taylor, SL, 1999)	0.68
" At a dosage of 100 mg/kg/day, linezolid treatment led to an approximately 100-fold reduction in viable cells per gram of abscess."	( Activities of the oxazolidinones linezolid and eperezolid in experimental intra-abdominal abscess due to Enterococcus faecalis or vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Eliopoulos, GM; Moellering, RC; Schülin, T; Thauvin-Eliopoulos, C, 1999)	0.51
" Such large assay inaccuracies may result in improper dosage adjustments and therapeutic failures."	( Accuracy of measured vancomycin serum concentrations in patients with end-stage renal disease. Morse, GD; Smith, PF, 1999)	0.62
"The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the importance of a Bayesian pharmacokinetic approach for predicting vancomycin concentrations to individualize its dosing regimen in 18 critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units following cardiothoracic surgery."	( High vancomycin dosage regimens required by intensive care unit patients cotreated with drugs to improve haemodynamics following cardiac surgical procedures. Baraldo, M; Furlanut, M; Pea, F; Porreca, L, 2000)	1.03
"The purpose of this study was to determine a vancomycin dosage regimen among pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients with normal renal function resulting in desired peak and trough serum concentration and to determine the predictability of vancomycin peak concentrations based on reported trough concentrations."	( Vancomycin dosage requirements among pediatric intensive care unit patients with normal renal function. Cole, E; Glover, ML; Wolfsdorf, J, 2000)	2.01
" Demographic and laboratory data as well as the patient's vancomycin dosing history were recorded."	( Vancomycin dosage requirements among pediatric intensive care unit patients with normal renal function. Cole, E; Glover, ML; Wolfsdorf, J, 2000)	1.99
"1 (range, 0 to 4) dosing changes per patient was noted resulting in a final mean dose of 60 mg/kg/day corresponding to a mean peak and trough serum concentration of 26 and 8 microg/mL, respectively."	( Vancomycin dosage requirements among pediatric intensive care unit patients with normal renal function. Cole, E; Glover, ML; Wolfsdorf, J, 2000)	1.75
" In the absence of renal impairment, we recommend an initial dosage regimen of 60 mg/kg/day divided every 8 hours."	( Vancomycin dosage requirements among pediatric intensive care unit patients with normal renal function. Cole, E; Glover, ML; Wolfsdorf, J, 2000)	1.75
" This study was performed to incorporate these new insights in an up-to-date dosing scheme for neonates of various gestational ages."	( Vancomycin population pharmacokinetics in neonates. de Hoog, M; Mouton, JW; Schoemaker, RC; van den Anker, JN, 2000)	1.75
" Model parameters were evaluated and then used to simulate vancomycin dosing for different dose and dose interval combinations."	( Vancomycin population pharmacokinetics in neonates. de Hoog, M; Mouton, JW; Schoemaker, RC; van den Anker, JN, 2000)	1.99
" Simulation of various dosing schemes showed that a dosing schedule of 30 mg/kg/day, irrespective of gestational age, in three doses was optimal, and this scheme was prospectively tested."	( Vancomycin population pharmacokinetics in neonates. de Hoog, M; Mouton, JW; Schoemaker, RC; van den Anker, JN, 2000)	1.75
" The objective of this study was to analyze liver damage effects on vancomycin pharmacokinetics and determine the necessity for liver function evaluation when selecting vancomycin dosing schedules in these patients."	( Effects of hepatic function on vancomycin pharmacokinetics in patients with cancer. Aldaz, A; Brugarolas, A; Giráldez, J; Idoate, A; Ortega, A, 2000)	0.83
"Multiple model (MM) design and stochastic control of dosage regimens permit essentially full use of all the information contained in either a Bayesian prior nonparametric EM (NPEM) population pharmacokinetic model or in an MM Bayesian posterior updated parameter set, to achieve and maintain selected therapeutic goals with optimal precision (least predicted weighted squared error)."	( Achieving target goals most precisely using nonparametric compartmental models and "multiple model" design of dosage regimens. Bayard, D; Jelliffe, R; Milman, M; Schumitzky, A; Van Guilder, M, 2000)	0.31
" The infected animals received sc administrations of G-CSF, antibiotic or a combination of both agents at determined dosing regimens."	( Modulation of efficacies and pharmacokinetics of antibiotics by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in neutropenic mice with multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis infection. Bow, L; Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Onyeji, CO, 2000)	0.31
" Bactericidal activity of gatifloxacin was correlated with the area under the time-concentration curve-to-MBC ratio; maximal activity was achieved when gatifloxacin concentrations exceeded the MBC for the entire dosing interval."	( Pharmacodynamics of gatifloxacin in experimental models of pneumococcal meningitis. McCracken, GH, 2000)	0.31
" At the recommended dosing regimen (6 mg/kg/day, with an additional loading dose of 12 mg/kg in the first 24 hours) efficacious serum levels of teicoplanin are almost guaranteed."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin and vancomycin. Harding, I; Sorgel, F, 2000)	0.56
"The merits and dosing regimens for teicoplanin in the treatment of endocarditis, bacteremia, bone and joint infections, pediatric use, non in-patient use and in the ICU are discussed."	( Teicoplanin in the treatment of serious infection. Bouza, E; Graninger, W; Schaison, G, 2000)	0.31
" One hundred and nineteen animals were treated with one of the following antibiotic regimens: im procaine penicillin G at a dosage of 300,000 U/kg weight/12 h (16 animals); iv trovafloxacin, 13."	( Comparative study of treatment with penicillin, ceftriaxone, trovafloxacin, quinupristin-dalfopristin and vancomycin in experimental endocarditis due to penicillin- and ceftriaxone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Cortés Sanchez, R; García Alberola, A; Gómez Gómez, J; López Fornas, F; Martínez García, F; Pérez Salmeron, J; Roldán Conesa, D; Ruíz Gómez, J; Valdés Chávarri, M, 2001)	0.52
"This study was undertaken in micropigs (i) to compare serum levels achieved by equal bolus dosages of two antibiotics (amikacin and vancomycin) administered through an intratibial needle, an intraosseous implantable device and central IV routes to determine whether standard parenteral dosing guidelines for antibiotics may be applied without modification for IO injection, and (ii) to show the efficiency of the implantable device over a prolonged period, as a permanent access to intraosseous space."	( Pharmacokinetic longitudinal studies of antibiotics administered via a permanent intraosseous device in micropigs. Barberi-Heyob, M; Chastagner, P; Lascombes, P; Lozniewski, A; Merlin, JL; Merthes, PM, 2001)	0.51
") dosed linezolid and intravenously (i."	( Efficacy of linezolid in treatment of experimental endocarditis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Batts, DH; Buchanan, LV; Dailey, CF; Dileto-Fang, CL; Ford, CW; Gibson, JK; Oramas-Shirey, MP, 2001)	0.31
" The final model was evaluated against a second data set of 160 concentrations from 67 infants at one of the institutions and then used to develop dosing guidelines."	( The influences of renal function and maturation on vancomycin elimination in newborns and infants. Capparelli, EV; Connor, JD; Kildoo, C; Lane, JR; McFeely, EJ; Murray, W; Romanowski, GL; Sousa, P, 2001)	0.56
" In contrast, a higher dosing regimen of vancomycin (i."	( Consequences of VanE-type resistance on efficacy of glycopeptides in vitro and in experimental endocarditis due to Enterococcus faecalis. Carbon, C; Courvalin, P; Fantin, B; Lafaurie, M; Lefort, A; Perichon, B, 2001)	0.58
"Two methods are described for the determination of vancomycin (vancomycin hydrochloride, CAS 1404-93-9) in its dosage forms."	( Voltametric determination of vancomycin in dosage forms through treatment with nitrous acid. Belal, F; el-Ashry, SM; el-Kerdawy, MM; el-Wasseef, DR, 2001)	0.85
"To study the intravitreal antibiotic concentrations and the efficacy of an intravitreal dosing regimen to treat patients with postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis."	( Intravitreal vancomycin and gentamicin concentrations in patients with postoperative endophthalmitis. Beekhuis, WH; Gan, IM; Swart, W; van Dissel, JT; van Meurs, JC, 2001)	0.68
"This dosing regimen resulted both in adequate intravitreal vancomycin and gentamicin levels for over a week as well as in negative second cultures."	( Intravitreal vancomycin and gentamicin concentrations in patients with postoperative endophthalmitis. Beekhuis, WH; Gan, IM; Swart, W; van Dissel, JT; van Meurs, JC, 2001)	0.92
" Rapid desensitization is preferred as it is effective in the majority of patients and enables therapeutic dosing of vancomycin within 24 hours."	( Desensitization protocols for vancomycin hypersensitivity. Daghigh, B; Wazny, LD, 2001)	0.81
"The efficacy and toxicity of once-daily (od) versus twice-daily (bd) dosing of vancomycin was compared in 121 hospitalized patients."	( Once-daily versus twice-daily intravenous administration of vancomycin for infections in hospitalized patients. Cohen, E; Dadashev, A; Drucker, M; Garty, M; Rubinstein, E; Samra, Z, 2002)	0.78
"To assess the usefulness of the population pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin (VCM) based on a two-compartment model in Japanese adult patients, predictability by a Bayesian method was evaluated using a concentration time course after single dosing to 22 patients with various degrees of renal function."	( Evaluation of Bayesian predictability of vancomycin concentration in patients with various degrees of renal function. Oguma, T; Ohnishi, A; Shimamura, K; Yano, Y, 2001)	0.81
" To elucidate whether the D-fraction can reduce the clinical effective dosage of antibiotics in the treatment of opportunistic bacterial infection, we examined the effects of D-fraction on the treatment of Listeria monocytogenes-infected mice in combination with vancomycine (VCM), the only antibiotic used for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)."	( Addition of Maitake D-fraction reduces the effective dosage of vancomycin for the treatment of Listeria-infected mice. Kodama, N; Nanba, H; Yamada, M, 2001)	0.73
" The mean vancomycin dosage is 30 mg."	( [The use of glycopeptides in intensive care and anaesthesia]. Gauzit, R, 2002)	0.72
"01), as did pulsed dosing of vancomycin (14."	( Breaking the cycle: treatment strategies for 163 cases of recurrent Clostridium difficile disease. Elmer, GW; McFarland, LV; Surawicz, CM, 2002)	0.61
"These data show that tapered or pulsed dosing regimens of vancomycin may result in a significantly better cure of RCDD."	( Breaking the cycle: treatment strategies for 163 cases of recurrent Clostridium difficile disease. Elmer, GW; McFarland, LV; Surawicz, CM, 2002)	0.56
" This intra-dialytic drug loss should be accounted for when dosing vancomycin in this manner."	( CAHP-210 dialyzer influence on intra-dialytic vancomycin removal. Hamburger, RJ; Lucksiri, A; Mueller, BA; Scott, MK; Sowinski, KM, 2002)	0.81
" Accumulation of vancomycin in patients with renal insufficiency may therefore occur, and this may lead to toxic side effects if dosage is not modified according to the degree of renal failure."	( Clinical review: use of vancomycin in haemodialysis patients. Deray, G; Izzedine, H; Launay-Vacher, V; Mercadal, L, 2002)	0.96
"To determine the safety, efficacy, and need to measure peak serum vancomycin concentrations in a neonatal population using a standard vancomycin dosage regimen."	( Dose regimen for vancomycin not needing serum peak levels? Brown, N; Kelsall, AW; McClure, RJ; Tan, WH, 2002)	0.89
"The vancomycin dosage regimen used in this study produces acceptable therapeutic serum vancomycin concentrations."	( Dose regimen for vancomycin not needing serum peak levels? Brown, N; Kelsall, AW; McClure, RJ; Tan, WH, 2002)	1.21
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for VCM dosage regimens based on a two-compartment model with the Bayesian method, using the Japanese population pharmacokinetic parameters estimated by Yasuhara et al."	( Evaluation of predictability for vancomycin dosage regimens by the Bayesian method with Japanese population pharmacokinetic parameters. Hatakeyama, H; Imai, Y; Matsushita, R; Miyamoto, K; Teramachi, H; Tsuji, A, 2002)	0.6
" A 12 hourly initial dosing regimen was used by 89%."	( Vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring: is there a consensus view? The results of a UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme (UK NEQAS) for Antibiotic Assays questionnaire. Darville, JM; MacGowan, AP; Sweeney, G; Thomson, AH; Tobin, CM; White, LO; Wilson, JF, 2002)	1.76
" A rabbit endocarditis model was used to compare the in vivo activities of different linezolid regimens mimicking intermittent dosing of 10 mg/kg of body weight every 12 h for 5 days or continuous (constant-rate) infusion of a daily dose of 20 mg/kg (for 5 days) or 40 mg/kg (for 3 and 5 days) and the activities of intermittent dosing and continuous infusion of vancomycin (for 5 days)."	( In vivo efficacy of continuous infusion versus intermittent dosing of linezolid compared to vancomycin in a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus rabbit endocarditis model. Batard, E; Boutoille, D; Bugnon, D; Caillon, J; Hamel, A; Jacqueline, C; Kergueris, MF; Perez, L; Potel, G, 2002)	0.7
"Patients received linezolid in a dosage of 600 mg intravenously (iv) and/or orally twice daily."	( The efficacy and safety of linezolid as treatment for Staphylococcus aureus infections in compassionate use patients who are intolerant of, or who have failed to respond to, vancomycin. Birmingham, MC; Forrest, A; Moise, PA; Schentag, JJ, 2002)	0.51
" Sixteen hours after inoculation, therapy was given by intravenous administration of BMS at 20 mg/kg of body weight, followed 5 h later by administration at a dosage of 10 mg/kg (n = 9 animals) or MOX as two doses of 20 mg/kg every 5 h (n = 8 animals)."	( Garenoxacin (BMS-284756) and moxifloxacin in experimental meningitis caused by vancomycin-tolerant pneumococci. Barton, T; Bowlware, K; Hardy, RD; Iglehart, J; Katz, K; McCoig, CC; McCracken, GH; Michelow, IC; Rodriguez-Cerrato, V; Saavedra, J, 2003)	0.55
" The vancomycin dosing schedule may have played a role in the persistently positive cultures."	( Peritoneal dialysis catheter replacement: "save the patient and not the catheter". Piraino, B, )	0.65
" From the dose-response curves, the static doses extrapolated for three different dosing intervals showed that more frequent dosing of GV143253A was more effective than less frequent dosing."	( In vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of GV143253A, a novel trinem. Braggio, S; Di Modugno, E; Ferrari, L; Iavarone, L, 2003)	0.32
"This study examined the pharmacokinetics and dosing requirements of vancomycin in adult liver transplant recipients and also evaluated the predictability of determining vancomycin-dosing requirements utilizing an estimated creatinine clearance (CrCl) approach."	( Evaluation of estimated and measured creatinine clearances for predicting the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in adult liver transplant recipients. Dupuis, RE; Fann, AL; Malat, G; Taber, DJ, 2003)	0.77
" Clinicians applying HVHF need to be aware of such clearances to avoid inadequate vancomycin dosing and to adjust therapy according to variations in HVHF technique."	( Clearance of vancomycin during high-volume haemofiltration: impact of pre-dilution. Bellomo, R; Cole, L; Goldsmith, D; Morimatsu, H; Uchino, S, 2002)	0.91
" A simulation program assessed the influences of the dosage regimens on the occurrence of nephrotoxicity."	( Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity: modeling, simulation, and control. Claude, D; Corvaisier, S; Ducher, M; Jelliffe, R; Maire, P; Maurin, M; Rougier, F; Sedoglavic, A, 2003)	0.32
"To determine the cost-effectiveness of pharmacokinetic dosage adjustment of vancomycin to prevent nephrotoxicity."	( Mississippi mud no more: cost-effectiveness of pharmacokinetic dosage adjustment of vancomycin to prevent nephrotoxicity. Darko, W; Guharoy, R; Lehmann, DE; Medicis, JJ; Smith, A, 2003)	0.77
"Decision analysis was used to model the cost-effectiveness of pharmacokinetic dosage adjustment of vancomycin."	( Mississippi mud no more: cost-effectiveness of pharmacokinetic dosage adjustment of vancomycin to prevent nephrotoxicity. Darko, W; Guharoy, R; Lehmann, DE; Medicis, JJ; Smith, A, 2003)	0.76
"Although pharmacokinetic monitoring and dosage adjustment are effective methods for reducing the toxicity of many drugs, controversy exists regarding the necessity of such monitoring with vancomycin."	( Mississippi mud no more: cost-effectiveness of pharmacokinetic dosage adjustment of vancomycin to prevent nephrotoxicity. Darko, W; Guharoy, R; Lehmann, DE; Medicis, JJ; Smith, A, 2003)	0.73
" Drug dosage should be adapted to obtain inflammatory fluid levels of daptomycin minimizing emergence of resistant subpopulations."	( Comparative efficacy of daptomycin and vancomycin in the therapy of experimental foreign body infection due to Staphylococcus aureus. Bisognano, C; Francois, P; Lew, DP; Li, D; Schrenzel, J; Vaudaux, P, 2003)	0.59
"To investigate the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in continuous veno-venous hemofiltration(CVVH) in order to determine appropriate vancomycin dosing strategies for patients receiving CVVH."	( [Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in continuous veno-venous hemofiltration]. Ge, M; Ge, WH; Gu, Q; Zhu, ZH, 2003)	0.91
" Dosing strategies for individualization of vancomycin therapy in patients receiving CVVH are proposed."	( [Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in continuous veno-venous hemofiltration]. Ge, M; Ge, WH; Gu, Q; Zhu, ZH, 2003)	0.9
" Vancomycin 15 mg/kg over the last hour of dialysis resulted in significantly lower subsequent predialysis concentrations than the other dosing schemes."	( Comparison of 3 vancomycin dosage regimens during hemodialysis with cellulose triacetate dialyzers: post-dialysis versus intradialytic administration. Mason, NA; Neudeck, BL; Patel, JA; Swartz, RD; Welage, LS, 2003)	1.58
"Vancomycin administration of 30 mg/kg over the last 2 hours of dialysis achieves serum concentrations similar to conventional dosing of 15 mg/kg after dialysis and would allow dosing on a weekly basis."	( Comparison of 3 vancomycin dosage regimens during hemodialysis with cellulose triacetate dialyzers: post-dialysis versus intradialytic administration. Mason, NA; Neudeck, BL; Patel, JA; Swartz, RD; Welage, LS, 2003)	2.11
" The daily dosage of this drug was 40 mg/kg for pediatric patients and 1 or 2 g for adult/elderly patients, and the duration of treatment was commonly 1-3 weeks."	( [Recent findings based on the results of the post-marketing surveillance of vancomycin hydrochloride for intravenous infusion]. Shimada, K, 2003)	0.55
" In pursuit of potential clinical dosing regimens for endocarditis, we evaluated two, once-daily daptomycin regimens against multiple, drug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens."	( Daptomycin against multiple drug-resistant staphylococcus and enterococcus isolates in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model with simulated endocardial vegetations. Cha, R; Rybak, MJ, 2003)	0.32
" At 72 h, ABK or VAN alone produced equivalent bacterial reductions regardless of dosing frequency and GEN resistance."	( Efficacies of vancomycin, arbekacin, and gentamicin alone or in combination against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro infective endocarditis model. Choi, JH; Choi, SM; Chun, HS; Kang, MW; Lee, DG; Shin, WS; Yim, DS; Yoo, JH, 2003)	0.68
"An in vitro pharmacodynamic model was used to simulate standard dosing regimens of linezolid, levofloxacin, and vancomycin against the isolates 79, R921, and P9802-020."	( Linezolid, levofloxacin, and vancomycin against vancomycin-tolerant and fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. Akins, RL; Cha, R; Rybak, MJ, 2003)	0.82
"Variation in the extent of drug removal under different dialysis conditions presents a challenge for prediction of drug elimination and dosage regimen adjustment during haemodialysis (HD)."	( Evaluation of an in vitro dialysis system to predict drug removal. Comstock, TJ; Feldman, GM; Hudson, JQ, 2004)	0.32
"Immature renal function in neonates requires antibiotic dosage adjustment."	( Population pharmacokinetics of arbekacin, vancomycin, and panipenem in neonates. Kimura, T; Kubo, H; Matsuura, N; Shimada, S; Sunakawa, K; Yago, K, 2004)	0.59
" We review issues concerning the prophylactic use of vancomycin in adult cardiology and cardiac surgery with special attention to dosing and indications."	( Prophylactic use of vancomycin in adult cardiology and cardiac surgery. Bryan, CS; Kasravi, B; Movahed, MR, 2004)	0.9
" Recent guidelines have suggested that dosage can be independent of gestational age or postconceptional age in neonates without renal failure."	( Vancomycin: pharmacokinetics and administration regimens in neonates. de Hoog, M; Mouton, JW; van den Anker, JN, 2004)	1.77
" Over the dosing interval, the mean changes in concentrations were 71."	( Fluctuations in vancomycin CNS tissue concentrations following intermittent and continuous infusions in the rat. Gurley, BJ; Killian, AD; Luer, MS; Neill, KK; Rodvold, KA; Shannon, ML, 2004)	0.67
" Understanding of the mechanism of antibiotic release from PMMA allows differentiated dosing during systemic application."	( [MRSA-infections-treatment with intraoperatively produced gentamycin-vancomycin PMMA beads]. Ahlhelm, F; Anagnostakos, K; Kelm, J; Regitz, T; Schmitt, E; Schneider, G, 2004)	0.56
" The antibiotic dosing could be modified in the individual patient after pharmacokinetic studies."	( Therapeutic vancomycin monitoring in children with hydrocephalus during treatment of shunt infections. Bafeltowska, JJ; Buszman, E; Hawranek, JK; Mandat, KM, 2004)	0.7
" This article presents a general review of vancomycin's pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and dosing recommendations."	( Vancomycin: an overview for the podiatric physician. Smith, RG, )	1.84
"The mean daily vancomycin dosing was the same in the two groups, but the serum vancomycin concentrations (trough or plateau) were lower in the IVI group than the CVI group (21."	( High dose vancomycin for osteomyelitis: continuous vs. intermittent infusion. Bernard, L; Duong, M; Hoffmeyer, P; Lotthe, A; Schuhmacher, H; Stern, R; Vuagnat, A, 2004)	1.08
" The outcome measures were consistency of vancomycin indication with recommended guidelines, dosing regimens, microbiological data, monitoring of serum drug levels, renal function, clinical outcomes and adverse drug reactions (ADRs)."	( A retrospective drug utilization evaluation of vancomycin usage in paediatric patients. Bek, SJ; Hing, WC; Li, SC; Lin, RT, 2004)	0.84
"6%) of the dosing regimen were consistent."	( A retrospective drug utilization evaluation of vancomycin usage in paediatric patients. Bek, SJ; Hing, WC; Li, SC; Lin, RT, 2004)	0.58
"The majority of dosing regimens of vancomycin was consistent with guideline criteria."	( A retrospective drug utilization evaluation of vancomycin usage in paediatric patients. Bek, SJ; Hing, WC; Li, SC; Lin, RT, 2004)	0.86
" The findings of these studies collectively suggest that once-daily dosing of telavancin may provide an effective approach for the treatment of clinically relevant infections with gram-positive organisms."	( Pharmacodynamics of telavancin (TD-6424), a novel bactericidal agent, against gram-positive bacteria. Hegde, SS; Judice, JK; Kaniga, K; McCullough, J; Obedencio, G; Pace, J; Reyes, N; Shaw, JP; Skinner, R; Thomas, R; Vanasse, N; Wiens, T, 2004)	0.32
"It is important to identify the optimal dosage and best method of infusion of parenteral vancomycin to be used over a several week period for the treatment of osteomyelitis."	( High versus standard dose vancomycin for osteomyelitis. Assal, M; Bernard, L; Boffi El Amari, E; Denormandie, P; Hoffmeyer, P; Stern, R; Vuagnat, A, 2004)	0.85
" These include loss of motion during and after treatment, bone loss, generation of cement debris, inadequate dosing of cement with the appropriate antibiotic, and biologic failure."	( Successful treatment of total hip and knee infection with articulating antibiotic components: a modified treatment method. Evans, RP, 2004)	0.32
" Human therapeutic dosing regimens for nafcillin, daptomycin, vancomycin, linezolid, and gentamicin were simulated."	( Impact of high-inoculum Staphylococcus aureus on the activities of nafcillin, vancomycin, linezolid, and daptomycin, alone and in combination with gentamicin, in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. LaPlante, KL; Rybak, MJ, 2004)	0.79
" From the dosage regimen proposed by the user, the model simulates a plotting of antibiotic plasma concentrations vs."	( [An example of simulation for a better understanding of PK/PD relationship of antibiotics]. Abbas, S; Drugeon, H; Ganiere-Monteil, C; Kergueris, MF; Le Normand, Y; Mazeas, M, 2004)	0.32
" The safety profile of each dosage was evaluated using serum creatinine concentration (S-Cr) and calculated creatinine clearance (CCcr)."	( Retrospective study of the renal effects of amphotericin B lipid complex when used at higher-than-recommended dosages and longer durations compared with lower dosages and shorter durations in patients with systemic fungal infections. Chu, A; Dominguez, EA; Gotz, V; Hooshmand-Rad, R; Morris, JA; Reed, MD; Weinberg, J, 2004)	0.32
" Dalbavancin, a new glycopeptide antibiotic with unique pharmacokinetic properties that have allowed clinical development of a weekly dosing regimen, possesses excellent activity against clinically important gram-positive bacteria, suggesting utility in the treatment of patients with CR-BSIs."	( Efficacy and safety of weekly dalbavancin therapy for catheter-related bloodstream infection caused by gram-positive pathogens. Darouiche, R; Goldstein, B; Hachem, R; Hanna, H; Henkel, T; Lentnek, A; Raad, I; Seltzer, E; Vazquez, J, 2005)	0.33
" Several attributes of these agents account for this favourable profile: (i) their broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including strains resistant to many other antimicrobials; (ii) their favourable pharmacokinetic properties that allow the once- or twice-daily dosing regimens that have made out-of-hospital therapy possible; and (iii) their generally good safety profiles which, along with their structural dissimilarity to beta-lactam and other antimicrobials, permits their use in many patients who are intolerant of other antibiotic regimens."	( Safety and efficacy of glycopeptide antibiotics. Eliopoulos, GM; Finch, RG, 2005)	0.33
" High levels of release (1512+/-318 to 1937+/-336 microg/ml) were obtained for 12 to 20 days depending on the dosage of vancomycin."	( Effectiveness of hydroxyapatite-vancomycin bone cement in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus induced chronic osteomyelitis. Brandt, B; Gosheger, G; Joist, A; Joosten, U; Liljenqvist, U; von Eiff, C, 2005)	0.82
"Single-lumen central venous catheters colonized with biofilm-embedded Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis or vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) were treated with simulated clinical dosing regimens of linezolid 600 mg every 12 h or vancomycin 1 g every 12 h in a one-compartment in vitro pharmacodynamic model."	( Antibacterial activity of linezolid and vancomycin in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model of gram-positive catheter-related bacteraemia. Coyle, EA; Lewis, RE; Prince, RA; Raad, II; Wiederhold, NP, 2005)	0.8
" Increased volumes of distribution can be estimated by the bioimpedance measurements but are not associated with requirements for higher dosage of the glycopeptide or aminoglycoside antibiotics."	( Can bioimpedance determine the volume of distribution of antibiotics in sepsis? Balik, M; Kolar, M; Pachl, J; Sedivy, J; Smejkalova, V; Waldauf, P, 2005)	0.33
" Human therapeutic dosing regimens for daptomycin (6 and 8 mg/kg of body weight), vancomycin, and gentamicin were simulated."	( Short-course gentamicin in combination with daptomycin or vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model with simulated endocardial vegetations. Rybak, MJ; Tsuji, BT, 2005)	0.8
" Compared with vancomycin, ME1036 reduced the bacterial counts in the vegetations at a lower dosage or over a shorter period of administration when it was used for the treatment of MRSA endocarditis."	( Therapeutic effect of ME1036 on endocarditis experimentally induced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Hirai, Y; Kijima, K; Kurazono, M; Nagura, J; Shitara, E; Sugano, T; Takahata, S; Takayama, Y; Tanaka, Y; Yamada, K; Yonezawa, M, 2005)	0.68
" High-dose regimens of ceftobiprole medocaril (equivalent to 150 mg/kg of ceftobiprole) or 50 mg/kg vancomycin produced nearly identical average peak and trough levels of ceftobiprole and vancomycin in tissue cage fluid, which exceeded the MBC of either antibiotic towards strain MRGR3 for > or =75% of each dosing interval."	( Intensive therapy with ceftobiprole medocaril of experimental foreign-body infection by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Bento, M; Gjinovci, A; Lew, DP; Li, D; Schrenzel, J; Vaudaux, P, 2005)	0.54
"New recommendations for vancomycin (VCM) dosages and dosing intervals for MRSA-infected pneumonia patients with various degrees of renal function impairment were established based on Japanese population pharmacokinetic parameters proposed by Yasuhara et al."	( New recommendations for vancomycin dosage for patients with MRSA pneumonia with various degrees of renal function impairment. Matsuyama, K; Nishikata, M; Okamoto, K; Uchida, T; Yasuda, N; Yoshida, M, 2005)	0.94
" The assessment criteria were as follows: prescription indicated or not, prescription modalities (administration of loading dose, performing of serum tests, dosage appropriateness, appropriateness with antibiogram data when available)."	( [Prospective assessment of glycopeptides prescriptions in a general hospital]. De Zorzi, S; Gosteau, L; Lambiotte, F; Levent, T; Paradis, P; Vasseur, M, )	0.13
" Accepting that a greater amount of vancomycin is lost to dialysis with this recent approach, the objective of this study is to determine the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin and assess the adequacy of this dosing regimen in maintaining therapeutic predialysis concentrations."	( Adequacy of a vancomycin dosing regimen in patients receiving high-flux hemodialysis. Ariano, RE; Fine, A; Rexrode, S; Sitar, DS; Zelenitsky, SA, 2005)	0.96
"Our results indicate that intradialytic dosing with vancomycin using a 1-g IV load and 500 mg IV with subsequent high-flux dialysis sessions conveniently maintains adequate predialysis plasma concentrations."	( Adequacy of a vancomycin dosing regimen in patients receiving high-flux hemodialysis. Ariano, RE; Fine, A; Rexrode, S; Sitar, DS; Zelenitsky, SA, 2005)	0.94
" Using the Killing-curve method, we tested the in vitro bactericidal activity of fosfomycin alone or in combination with vancomycin or teicoplanin at a concentration of 8 microg/mL, that is easily achievable in serum at standard dosing regimens, against seven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, isolated from patients with well documented device-associated infections unresponsive to or relapsing after glycopeptide therapy."	( In vitro activity of fosfomycin in combination with vancomycin or teicoplanin against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from device-associated infections unresponsive to glycopeptide therapy. Baiocchi, P; Falcone, M; Penni, A; Pierciaccante, A; Pistella, E; Pompeo, ME; Venditti, M, 2005)	0.79
" The models could be used to estimate appropriate VAN dosage guidelines, which are not clearly defined for this high-risk population."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin in patients with hematological malignancies. Buelga, DS; del Mar Fernandez de Gatta, M; Dominguez-Gil, A; García, MJ; Herrera, EV, 2005)	0.6
"2% of outpatients received vancomycin outside the guidelines, mainly because of prolonged empiric therapy, dosing convenience, and prolonged use after surgery."	( Vancomycin and home health care. Allen, A; Fraser, TG; Stosor, V; Wang, Q; Zembower, TR, 2005)	2.07
" Dosing regimes for intermittent hemodialysis and continuous renal replacement therapy cannot be used for critically ill patients treated with EDD."	( Pharmacokinetics and total elimination of meropenem and vancomycin in intensive care unit patients undergoing extended daily dialysis. Bode-Böger, SM; Czock, D; Fliser, D; Hafer, C; Keller, F; Kielstein, JT; Kuse, E; Schöpke, T, 2006)	0.58
"3 m; blood and dialysate flow, 160 mL/min; EDD time, 480 mins) and current dosing regimens run the risk of being significantly underdosed, which may have detrimental effects on critically ill patients with life-threatening infections."	( Pharmacokinetics and total elimination of meropenem and vancomycin in intensive care unit patients undergoing extended daily dialysis. Bode-Böger, SM; Czock, D; Fliser, D; Hafer, C; Keller, F; Kielstein, JT; Kuse, E; Schöpke, T, 2006)	0.58
" The quantity of vancomycin released was dosed in each specimen."	( Bone with cement and antibiotic: antibiotic release in vitro. Bassi, A; Fravisini, M; Giunti, A; Gualdrini, G, )	0.47
" Dosage or duration of aminoglycosides use did not relate to SNHL."	( Ototoxic drugs and sensorineural hearing loss following severe neonatal respiratory failure. Cheung, PY; Etches, PC; Peliowski, A; Robertson, CM; Tyebkhan, JM, 2006)	0.33
" The human pharmacokinetics of dalbavancin predicts efficacy at weekly dosing intervals."	( Microbiologic characterization of isolates from a dalbavancin clinical trial for catheter-related bloodstream infections. Biedenbach, DJ; Fritsche, TR; Goldstein, BP; Jones, RN, 2006)	0.33
"To report a case in which vancomycin clearance was used to determine the daptomycin dosing interval in a morbidly obese patient with renal impairment."	( Using vancomycin concentrations for dosing daptomycin in a morbidly obese patient with renal insufficiency. Allen, SE; Mercier, RC; Pai, MP, 2006)	1.11
" Daptomycin was administered empirically at 6 mg/kg dosed every 48 hours based on estimated clearance from measured vancomycin concentrations."	( Using vancomycin concentrations for dosing daptomycin in a morbidly obese patient with renal insufficiency. Allen, SE; Mercier, RC; Pai, MP, 2006)	1.02
"The dosing interval of daptomycin is adjusted based on Cl(cr)."	( Using vancomycin concentrations for dosing daptomycin in a morbidly obese patient with renal insufficiency. Allen, SE; Mercier, RC; Pai, MP, 2006)	0.81
"In this clinical scenario, vancomycin concentrations more accurately estimated Cl(cr), thereby facilitating determination of the daptomycin dosing interval."	( Using vancomycin concentrations for dosing daptomycin in a morbidly obese patient with renal insufficiency. Allen, SE; Mercier, RC; Pai, MP, 2006)	1.11
"The clinical efficacy of Maeda's nomogram for vancomycin dosage adjustment was evaluated by comparison with a standard dosage regimen (package insert information: vancomycin dose reduced in elderly patients and patients with renal dysfunction, with Moellering's nomogram used for renal-dysfunction patients) in adult Japanese MRSA pneumonia patients."	( Evaluation of clinical efficacy of Maeda's nomogram for vancomycin dosage adjustment in adult Japanese MRSA pneumonia patients. Fukuhara, S; Ishii, Y; Maeda, Y; Murakami, T; Ohta, M; Omoda, K, 2006)	0.84
" It does not appear that supplemental dosing of linezolid is necessary in patients undergoing CVVHDF."	( Clearance of linezolid via continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration. Assaly, R; Malhotra, D; Mauro, LS; Peloquin, CA; Schmude, K, 2006)	0.33
" VCM was administered intraperitoneally in the dosage of 200 mg/kg twice daily for 7 days."	( Protective role of erdosteine on vancomycin-induced oxidative stress in rat liver. Arslan, C; Cam, H; Olgar, S; Sahin, M; Tunc, SE; Uz, E; Yilmaz, HR, 2006)	0.62
" Tolevamer administered at a dosage of 6 g per day was found to be noninferior to vancomycin administered at a dosage of 500 mg per day with regard to time to resolution of diarrhea (P = ."	( Tolevamer, a novel nonantibiotic polymer, compared with vancomycin in the treatment of mild to moderately severe Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Chasan-Taber, S; Davidson, DM; Dow, G; Garber, G; John, JF; Johnson, D; Louie, TJ; Mohammed, R; Peppe, J; Simon, S; Watt, CK; Weiss, K, 2006)	0.81
" *We have quantified the covariates contributing to vancomycin clearance population parameter variability in order to establish the major covariates required for dosing predictions."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in preterm neonates and the prediction of adult clearance. Allegaert, K; Anderson, BJ; Cossey, V; Holford, NH; Van den Anker, JN, 2007)	2.03
"Predict the appropriate vancomycin intradialytic dosage and dosing interval among patients receiving HEHD."	( Clearance of vancomycin during high-efficiency hemodialysis. Kasiwong, S; Klansuwan, N; Ratanajamit, C; Wangsiripaisan, A, 2006)	1.01
" Individualised dosing using extended interval dosing, which maximises the peak serum drug concentration (C(max))/minimum inhibitory concentration ratio is recommended."	( Antibacterial dosing in intensive care: pharmacokinetics, degree of disease and pharmacodynamics of sepsis. Lipman, J; Roberts, JA, 2006)	0.33
" Accurate dosing for this population requires characterization of the appropriate pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Population pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin in critically ill patients. Jiménez-Torres, NV; Llopis-Salvia, P, 2006)	0.6
" Based on these results, aggressive dosing strategies for vancomycin (eg, trough concentrations of > 15 microg/mL) may not offer any advantage over traditional dose targets (range, 5 to 15 microg/mL)."	( Predictors of mortality for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus health-care-associated pneumonia: specific evaluation of vancomycin pharmacokinetic indices. Doherty, JA; Isakow, W; Jeffres, MN; Kollef, MH; McKinnon, PS; Micek, ST; Ritchie, DJ, 2006)	0.78
" More research is needed to determine well-founded dosing guidelines."	( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous rifampicin (rifampin) in neonates. Degraeuwe, PL; Neef, C; Pullen, J; Stolk, LM; van Tiel, FH; Zimmermann, LJ, 2006)	0.33
" In a case of gentamicin monitoring and dose-adjustment, a systematic analytical error in some centers led to a dosing recommendation that differed from that of the organizers."	( Pitfalls in TDM of antibiotic drugs: analytical and modelling issues. Eerland, JJ; Harteveld, AR; Neef, C; Touw, DJ; Uges, DR, 2006)	0.33
" The semimechanistic model that was developed might, after further refinement, serve as a tool for the development of optimal dosing strategies for antibacterial agents."	( Semimechanistic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for assessment of activity of antibacterial agents from time-kill curve experiments. Cars, O; Karlsson, MO; Löwdin, E; Nielsen, EI; Sandström, M; Viberg, A, 2007)	0.34
"High prevalence of clinical MRSA strains with elevated vancomycin MIC (2 microg/mL) requires aggressive empirical vancomycin dosing to achieve a trough greater than 15 microg/mL."	( High-dose vancomycin therapy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: efficacy and toxicity. Hidayat, LK; Hsu, DI; Quist, R; Shriner, KA; Wong-Beringer, A, 2006)	0.98
" The aim of this study was to characterize vancomycin pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and optimal dosage in shunted patients under vancomycin treatment."	( Are higher vancomycin doses needed in ventricle-external shunted patients? Codina, C; Pujal, M; Ribas, J; Soy, D, 2006)	0.99
" Individual PK parameters such as drug clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V) were estimated by using an one-compartmental PK model and later, dosage regimens were individually adjusted by Bayesian analysis."	( Are higher vancomycin doses needed in ventricle-external shunted patients? Codina, C; Pujal, M; Ribas, J; Soy, D, 2006)	0.72
" Once-a-week dosing with dalbavancin may obviate the need for the continued presence of IV lines in some patients, which could translate into fewer local infections and blood stream infections and which could facilitate transfer of the patients to skilled nursing facilities."	( Dalbavancin: a review for dermatologists. Scheinfeld, N, 2006)	0.33
" Cefotaxime and vancomycin assays were carried out with a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/UV method, whereas gentamicin was dosed using fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA)."	( Development of a ready-to-use antibiotic conservation solution for arterio-venous grafts. Augé, C; Gourdier, B; Reiter-Chenel, V; Rey, JB, )	0.48
"To identify the variables affecting vancomycin pharmacokinetics in medical ICU patients and to evaluate the potential efficacy of dosage schedules by PK/PD analysis."	( Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of vancomycin in ICU patients. Calvo, MV; del Mar Fernández de Gatta Garcia, M; Domínguez-Gil, A; Revilla, N; Sánchez Navarro, A, 2007)	0.88
" Details of vancomycin therapy, dosage and blood sampling times were obtained from pharmacokinetic reports."	( Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of vancomycin in ICU patients. Calvo, MV; del Mar Fernández de Gatta Garcia, M; Domínguez-Gil, A; Revilla, N; Sánchez Navarro, A, 2007)	0.98
" Dexamethasone can, therefore, be used without fear of impeding vancomycin penetration into the CSF of patients with pneumococcal meningitis, provided that vancomycin dosage is adequate."	( Levels of vancomycin in cerebrospinal fluid of adult patients receiving adjunctive corticosteroids to treat pneumococcal meningitis: a prospective multicenter observational study. Barnaud, G; Bouadma, L; Chevrel, G; Dreyfuss, D; Hidri, N; Lacherade, JC; Mourvillier, B; Ricard, JD; Wolff, M, 2007)	0.98
" The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of using easy to implement and effective supervised learning techniques to predict the dosage of vancomycin."	( Application of data mining to predict the dosage of vancomycin as an outcome variable in a teaching hospital population. Chan, AL; Chen, JX; Wang, HY, 2006)	0.78
"To reach this goal, we considered the prediction of the dosage of vancomycin as a classification problem."	( Application of data mining to predict the dosage of vancomycin as an outcome variable in a teaching hospital population. Chan, AL; Chen, JX; Wang, HY, 2006)	0.82
" Attributes tested as potential predictors included age, sex, weight, serum creatinine concentration, dosing interval, and variables from 1-compartment model kinetics such as Kd, Vd, and t(1/2)."	( Application of data mining to predict the dosage of vancomycin as an outcome variable in a teaching hospital population. Chan, AL; Chen, JX; Wang, HY, 2006)	0.58
"The results showed that the proposed method can utilize a variety of parameters to predict the dosage of vancomycin in the population used and that it performs well over a range of patient ages and renal function."	( Application of data mining to predict the dosage of vancomycin as an outcome variable in a teaching hospital population. Chan, AL; Chen, JX; Wang, HY, 2006)	0.8
"Dalbavancin, a semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide being developed for the treatment of skin and skin structure infections (SSSIs), has a half-life of 5 to 7 days in humans and offers promise for a convenient weekly dosing regimen."	( Bactericidal activity and resistance development profiling of dalbavancin. Draghi, DC; Goldstein, BP; Hogan, P; Sahm, DF; Sheehan, DJ, 2007)	0.34
"We have confirmed that the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) dosing guideline for vancomycin in CAPD and APD patients produces adequate serum concentrations of the antibiotics in the vast majority."	( Single UK centre experience on the treatment of PD peritonitis--antibiotic levels and outcomes. Ashman, N; Blunden, M; Fan, SL; Zeitlin, D, 2007)	0.56
" Pharmacokinetic indices (C(max)/MIC90) for topical dosing were all <1."	( In vitro efficacy and pharmacodynamic indices for antibiotics against coagulase-negative staphylococcus endophthalmitis isolates. Flynn, HW; Harper, T; Miller, D, 2007)	0.34
" Inaccurate vancomycin dosing led to toxic drug levels (66 mg/l), associated with acute and severe worsening of kidney function."	( An unusual case of acute kidney injury due to vancomycin lessons learnt from reliance on eGFR. Barraclough, K; Harris, M; Levin, A; Montessori, V, 2007)	0.98
" A better understanding is needed of the pharmacodynamic relationship between vancomycin and MRSA as relates to optimal dosing strategies, including consideration for loading doses, and development of rational categorical breakpoints for susceptibility based on clinical outcomes."	( Point: Vancomycin is not obsolete for the treatment of infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Mohr, JF; Murray, BE, 2007)	1.02
" We next asked what dosage of antibiotic would cause reductions in osteoblast and chondrocyte cell numbers."	( Antibiotics for local delivery systems cause skeletal cell toxicity in vitro. Adams, CS; Antoci, V; Hickok, NJ; Parvizi, J; Shapiro, IM, 2007)	0.34
" The purpose of this paper is to review the concepts pertinent to drug removal by hemodialysis and discuss the issues related to these new dialysis techniques and how they may have a impact on drug removal and the design of dosing regimens."	( Drug dosing considerations in alternative hemodialysis. Decker, BS; Mueller, BA; Sowinski, KM, 2007)	0.34
" Linezolid, active against methicillin-resistant strains and available in oral and intravenous dosage forms, is a potential alternative to vancomycin for the treatment of PJIs."	( Linezolid versus vancomycin for prosthetic joint infections: a cost analysis. Cheung, KW; Hui, M; Lee, GC; So, RK; You, JH, 2007)	0.88
" The positive outcome in our patient is likely attributable to aggressive vancomycin dosing and extended duration of treatment prior to the initiation of daptomycin."	( Daptomycin use after vancomycin-induced neutropenia in a patient with left-sided endocarditis. Mergenhagen, KA; Pasko, MT, 2007)	0.89
"The goal of this investigation was to determine whether more aggressive vancomycin dosing is associated with greater risk for renal toxicity in patients with health care-associated pneumonia (HCAP) attributed to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)."	( A retrospective analysis of possible renal toxicity associated with vancomycin in patients with health care-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. Doherty, JA; Isakow, W; Jeffres, MN; Kollef, MH; Micek, ST, 2007)	0.81
"The results suggest that aggressive vancomycin dosing and prolonged vancomycin administration may be associated with greater risk for renal toxicity in patients with MRSA HCAP."	( A retrospective analysis of possible renal toxicity associated with vancomycin in patients with health care-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. Doherty, JA; Isakow, W; Jeffres, MN; Kollef, MH; Micek, ST, 2007)	0.85
" Over the entire dosing interval, telavancin was present in ELF and AMs at concentrations up to 8-fold and 85-fold, respectively, above its MIC 90 for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (0."	( Intrapulmonary distribution of intravenous telavancin in healthy subjects and effect of pulmonary surfactant on in vitro activities of telavancin and other antibiotics. Barriere, SL; Benton, BM; Goldberg, MR; Gotfried, MH; Kitt, MM; Krause, KM; Shaw, JP, 2008)	0.35
" Telavancin is eliminated renally, and a dosage reduction is required in renally impaired patients."	( Telavancin: a novel lipoglycopeptide antimicrobial agent. Attwood, RJ; LaPlante, KL, 2007)	0.34
"Single-dose, pre-operative vancomycin results in low VCSF vancomycin concentrations and repeated dosing in patients with documented/presumed device infections yields variable CNS penetration."	( Vancomycin disposition and penetration into ventricular fluid of the central nervous system following intravenous therapy in patients with cerebrospinal devices. Fish, D; Freeman, JE; Handler, MH; Jorgenson, L; McBride, LA; Reiter, PD; Winston, KR, 2007)	2.08
" Historical controls received at least 3 days of vancomycin dosed to achieve trough concentrations of 5-20 microg/ml."	( Daptomycin versus vancomycin for complicated skin and skin structure infections: clinical and economic outcomes. Davis, SL; Delgado, G; Hall, LM; McKinnon, PS; Rose, W; Rybak, MJ; Wilson, RF, 2007)	0.93
" However, there has been no report of a serum cystatin C-based formula for adjusting the dosage of the drugs cleared by the kidney."	( Hoek's formula, a cystatin C-based prediction formula for determining the glomerular filtration rate, is the most effective method for original adjusting the dosage of vancomycin. Araki, H; Hasegawa, H; Ido, K; Inoue, T; Murase, M; Nishimiya, T; Otsuka, T; Sakai, I; Suemaru, K; Tanaka, A; Yasukawa, M, 2007)	0.53
"These results suggested that Hoek's formula is the most useful formula for determining the initial dosage settings for vancomycin."	( Hoek's formula, a cystatin C-based prediction formula for determining the glomerular filtration rate, is the most effective method for original adjusting the dosage of vancomycin. Araki, H; Hasegawa, H; Ido, K; Inoue, T; Murase, M; Nishimiya, T; Otsuka, T; Sakai, I; Suemaru, K; Tanaka, A; Yasukawa, M, 2007)	0.74
" Proper use and dosage is required, and is based on patient background and the conditions of infection, among other factors."	( [Analysis of factors in selecting anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus drugs by doctors]. Aoyama, T; Hayashi, H; Matsumoto, Y; Matsuzaki, T; Saito, A, 2008)	0.35
" Further investigation of this new approach in routine clinical care and optimal dosage design is warranted."	( Evaluation and comparison of simple multiple model, richer data multiple model, and sequential interacting multiple model (IMM) Bayesian analyses of gentamicin and vancomycin data collected from patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. Jelliffe, RW; Macdonald, I; Staatz, CE; Thomson, AH, 2008)	0.54
" In response, some clinicians increased vancomycin dosing to >or=4 g/day."	( Larger vancomycin doses (at least four grams per day) are associated with an increased incidence of nephrotoxicity. Drusano, GL; Graves, J; Lodise, TP; Lomaestro, B, 2008)	1.07
" The model was validated by using a 3-d regimen of vancomycin at exposures comparable to human dosing (500 microg x h/ml)."	( Development of a mouse model of induced Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis. Brammer, DW; Brieland, JK; Courtney, CL; Gibson, GW; Hollembaek, JM; Huband, MD; Juneau, PL; Kreuser, SC; Riley, JM; Rosebury-Smith, WS; Sulavik, MC; Zhu, T, 2007)	0.59
" New technologies and practice pattern changes have occurred over the years that altered vancomycin dosing in hemodialysis (HD) patients."	( Vancomycin use in patients requiring hemodialysis: a literature review. Manley, HJ; Pallotta, KE, )	1.8
" Male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed daily for 1, 3 or 5 days to the known nephrotoxicants gentamicin, bacitracin, vancomycin and cisplatin, or the known hepatotoxicants ketoconazole, 1-naphthyl isothiocyanate and 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane."	( Validation of putative genomic biomarkers of nephrotoxicity in rats. Fielden, MR; Gu, YZ; Smith, RJ; Snyder, RD; Wang, EJ, 2008)	0.56
" The main reasons why vancomycin use did not comply with HICPAC recommendations were: surgical prophylaxis in patients with negative cultures for resistant Gram-positive organisms, no investigation of vancomycin serum levels in patients receiving > 48 hours of vancomycin, vancomycin serum levels not repeated in patients receiving > 1 week of vancomycin, no appropriate adjustment of dosage with respect to serum levels in patients receiving vancomycin."	( Vancomycin use in a large teaching hospital in Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran, 2003. Askarian, M; Assadian, O; Golkar, A; Movahed, MR; Namazi, S; Safaee, G, )	1.89
" Our result suggests that it is important to monitor VCM dosing more strictly with pharmacokinetic assessment, especially in days 11 - 20, when the most frequently observed declining renal function."	( Early renal injury after myeloablative cord blood transplantation in adults. Asano, S; Hongo, E; Kasahara, S; Kato, S; Konuma, T; Kurokawa, Y; Mae, H; Oiwa-Monna, M; Ooi, J; Takahashi, S; Tojo, A; Tomonari, A; Tsukada, N, 2008)	0.35
"Methicillin-resistant (methicillin-resistant) Staphylococcus aureus causes unacceptably high mortality from ventilator-associated pneumonia, even when appropriate early therapy with vancomycin is administered at a dosage of 15 mg/kg every 12 hours."	( Should the currently recommended twice-daily dosing still be considered the most appropriate regimen for treating MRSA ventilator-associated pneumonia with vancomycin? Pea, F; Viale, P, 2008)	0.74
" The aim of this article was to design and validate an empirical dosing algorithm for vancomycin in premature neonates according to their population-based pharmacokinetic characteristics."	( [Design and validation of a dosing algorithm for vancomycin in premature neonates]. Alós Almiñana, M; Ferriols Lisart, R; Juan Aguilar, M; Tosca Segura, R, 2008)	0.82
" The design of the dosing algorithm was based on simulation of the serum vancomycin concentration that would be reached with several different doses."	( [Design and validation of a dosing algorithm for vancomycin in premature neonates]. Alós Almiñana, M; Ferriols Lisart, R; Juan Aguilar, M; Tosca Segura, R, 2008)	0.83
"The implantation of the dosing algorithm for vancomycin in premature neonates increased the efficiency of treatment, reduced monitoring requirements, and optimized serum vancomycin concentrations from the start of treatment."	( [Design and validation of a dosing algorithm for vancomycin in premature neonates]. Alós Almiñana, M; Ferriols Lisart, R; Juan Aguilar, M; Tosca Segura, R, 2008)	0.86
" Since vancomycin is not nephrotoxic, there is no rationale for dosing vancomycin based on serum vancomycin levels."	( Vancomycin revisited: a reappraisal of clinical use. Cunha, BA, 2008)	2.24
"To evaluate a simplified dosage schedule for continuous-infusion vancomycin therapy."	( Continuous-infusion vancomycin therapy for preterm neonates with suspected or documented Gram-positive infections: a new dosage schedule. Badr, M; Barbotte, E; Cambonie, G; Devine, C; Meyer, P; Milesi, C; Picaud, JC; Pidoux, O; Plan, O, 2008)	0.91
" Vancomycin dosage began with 25 mg/kg/day or 15 mg/kg/day (period 1) and 30 mg/kg/day or 20 mg/kg/day (period 2) depending on whether serum creatinine was below or above 90 mumol/l."	( Continuous-infusion vancomycin therapy for preterm neonates with suspected or documented Gram-positive infections: a new dosage schedule. Badr, M; Barbotte, E; Cambonie, G; Devine, C; Meyer, P; Milesi, C; Picaud, JC; Pidoux, O; Plan, O, 2008)	1.58
"Using this simplified dosage schedule, bactericidal efficacy was maintained and most subjects had serum vancomycin concentrations within the therapeutic range."	( Continuous-infusion vancomycin therapy for preterm neonates with suspected or documented Gram-positive infections: a new dosage schedule. Badr, M; Barbotte, E; Cambonie, G; Devine, C; Meyer, P; Milesi, C; Picaud, JC; Pidoux, O; Plan, O, 2008)	0.88
"There is a paucity of data available regarding the dosing of antimicrobials in obesity."	( Multicenter evaluation of vancomycin dosing: emphasis on obesity. Bain, AM; Bedimo, R; Busti, AJ; Eaton, SA; Hall, RG; Nguyen, ST; Payne, KD; Rahman, AP; Vu, SL, 2008)	0.65
"This study was conducted at 2 tertiary care medical centers that did not have pharmacy-guided vancomycin dosing programs or other institutional vancomycin dosing policies or protocols."	( Multicenter evaluation of vancomycin dosing: emphasis on obesity. Bain, AM; Bedimo, R; Busti, AJ; Eaton, SA; Hall, RG; Nguyen, ST; Payne, KD; Rahman, AP; Vu, SL, 2008)	0.87
" Adequate initial dosing (>or=10 mg/kg/dose) was achieved for 100% of underweight, 99% of normal weight, 93."	( Multicenter evaluation of vancomycin dosing: emphasis on obesity. Bain, AM; Bedimo, R; Busti, AJ; Eaton, SA; Hall, RG; Nguyen, ST; Payne, KD; Rahman, AP; Vu, SL, 2008)	0.65
" Greater efforts should be undertaken to ensure patients receive weight-based dosing because inadequate dosing can lead to subtherapeutic concentrations and potentially worse clinical outcomes."	( Multicenter evaluation of vancomycin dosing: emphasis on obesity. Bain, AM; Bedimo, R; Busti, AJ; Eaton, SA; Hall, RG; Nguyen, ST; Payne, KD; Rahman, AP; Vu, SL, 2008)	0.65
" In contrast, fractionation of the dose at a free AUC associated with a static effect indicated that once daily dosing was superior."	( Pharmacodynamics of minocycline against Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model. Bowker, KE; Macgowan, AP; Noel, AR, 2008)	0.35
" The prescribed dosing regimens were evaluated."	( Assessment of vancomycin use in chronic haemodialysis patients: room for improvement. Edwards, C; Natarajan, S; Roth, V; Zvonar, R, 2008)	0.71
"Although the initial indication for vancomycin use was generally appropriate, inappropriate continuation of this antibiotic, failure to obtain proper cultures to guide therapy and potentially subtherapeutic dosing regimens were some of the challenges identified."	( Assessment of vancomycin use in chronic haemodialysis patients: room for improvement. Edwards, C; Natarajan, S; Roth, V; Zvonar, R, 2008)	0.98
"The effectiveness of a once-weekly vancomycin dosing protocol for patients receiving long-term high-flux hemodialysis (HFHD) in the outpatient setting was studied."	( Once-weekly vancomycin for patients receiving high-flux hemodialysis. Crawford, BS; Doran, JJ; Largen, RF; Walton, T, 2008)	1
"Dalbavancin is a novel glycopeptide with a 2-dose, once-weekly dosing regimen that is being developed for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of dalbavancin, a novel glycopeptide antibiotic. Buckwalter, M; Damle, B; Dowell, JA; Goldstein, BP; Stogniew, M, 2008)	0.35
"Describe dosage regime of vancomycin in patients from a pediatric intensive care unit, register values of plasmatic concentrations and determine the regimes necessary to reach therapeutic troughs."	( [Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin in critical care pediatric patients]. Mato, HG; Travaglianti, M; Weller, G; Zylbersztajn, BL, 2008)	0.94
"The clinical efficacy of a modified vancomycin dosing protocol with a conventional regimen for managing patients with diabetic foot infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was evaluated."	( Modified vancomycin dosing protocol for treatment of diabetic foot infections. Chang, HY; Deng, ST; Ho, C; Lee, MH; Liu, FH; Niu, SC, 2008)	1.04
" Patients treated with the modified vancomycin dosing protocol (from 2003 to 2004) received vancomycin according to their SCr level, age, and concurrent gentamicin dosage."	( Modified vancomycin dosing protocol for treatment of diabetic foot infections. Chang, HY; Deng, ST; Ho, C; Lee, MH; Liu, FH; Niu, SC, 2008)	1.04
" Although the vancomycin dosage in the modified protocol was lower than that in the conventional protocol, trough and peak vancomycin levels remained within the range recommended by the BNF."	( Modified vancomycin dosing protocol for treatment of diabetic foot infections. Chang, HY; Deng, ST; Ho, C; Lee, MH; Liu, FH; Niu, SC, 2008)	1.12
"A modified vancomycin dosing protocol for treating diabetic foot infections caused by MRSA was superior to the conventional dosing regimen in achieving therapeutic serum levels of vancomycin."	( Modified vancomycin dosing protocol for treatment of diabetic foot infections. Chang, HY; Deng, ST; Ho, C; Lee, MH; Liu, FH; Niu, SC, 2008)	1.15
"To examine the effects of computerized requests for pharmacist-to-dose (PTD), an advanced clinical decision support tool for dosing guidance, on antimicrobial therapy with vancomycin and aminoglycosides, describe PTD request utilization, and identify factors that may prolong this process."	( Effects of a pharmacist-to-dose computerized request on promptness of antimicrobial therapy. Gatz, J; Lewis, DA; Martin, CA; Smith, KM; Vincent, WR; Winstead, PS, )	0.33
"Pharmacists completed pharmacist-to-dose consultations for dosing guidance of vancomycin and aminoglycosides within a median of 30 minutes."	( Effects of a pharmacist-to-dose computerized request on promptness of antimicrobial therapy. Gatz, J; Lewis, DA; Martin, CA; Smith, KM; Vincent, WR; Winstead, PS, )	0.36
" The apparent high clinical response, good tolerance, low recurrence rate, and more-complete and rapid symptom control with the highest dosage support the selection of the 200-mg twice-daily dose for further clinical development of OPT-80 for treatment of CDI."	( Clinical outcomes, safety, and pharmacokinetics of OPT-80 in a phase 2 trial with patients with Clostridium difficile infection. Donskey, C; Goldstein, EJ; Louie, T; Miller, M; Mullane, K, 2009)	0.35
"Rational dosing of antibiotics in neonates should be based on pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters assessed in specific populations."	( Microanalysis of beta-lactam antibiotics and vancomycin in plasma for pharmacokinetic studies in neonates. Ahsman, MJ; Mathot, RA; Tibboel, D; Wildschut, ED, 2009)	0.61
" Recent reports have linked aggressive vancomycin dosing strategies to significant risks of nephrotoxicity."	( Vancomycin ototoxicity: a reevaluation in an era of increasing doses. Forouzesh, A; Moise, PA; Sakoulas, G, 2009)	2.06
" Continuous vancomycin infusion in the ITU setting guarantees optimal dosing for severely ill patients."	( Are glycopeptides still appropriate and convenient for empiric use? Gonzalez-Ruiz, A; Richardson, J, 2008)	0.72
" Optimal dosing of vancomycin in this patient population has not been well established."	( Initial vancomycin dosing in pediatric oncology and stem cell transplant patients. Collier, A; Crossno, CL; Frangoul, H; Ho, R; Koyama, T; Piro, CC, 2009)	1.12
" Using standardized vancomycin dosing guided by a computerized provider order entry system, there were significantly more patients who were in the subtherapeutic range than the supratherapeutic range (P=0."	( Initial vancomycin dosing in pediatric oncology and stem cell transplant patients. Collier, A; Crossno, CL; Frangoul, H; Ho, R; Koyama, T; Piro, CC, 2009)	1.11
"This study compared steady-state concentrations achieved with a dosing strategy using first-dose kinetics to individualize vancomycin regimens with the steady-state concentrations achieved using standardized nomograms."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison of nomogram-based and individualized vancomycin regimens in neonates. Carby, MC; Crumby, T; Kuhl, D; Rinehart, E; Talati, AJ, 2009)	0.8
"Neonatal intensive care unit patients receiving vancomycin according to published nomograms (phase 1) were compared with patients receiving vancomycin using first-dose pharmacokinetic information to individualize the dosing regimen (phase 2)."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison of nomogram-based and individualized vancomycin regimens in neonates. Carby, MC; Crumby, T; Kuhl, D; Rinehart, E; Talati, AJ, 2009)	0.85
" The benefits of individualized dosing were attained without additional venous sampling."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison of nomogram-based and individualized vancomycin regimens in neonates. Carby, MC; Crumby, T; Kuhl, D; Rinehart, E; Talati, AJ, 2009)	0.59
" The aim of this study was to create dosing nomograms in relation to different creatinine clearance (CL(Cr)) estimates for use in daily clinical practice to target the steady-state concentrations (C(ss)s) of vancomycin during continuous infusion at 15 to 20 mg/liter (after the administration of an initial loading dose of 15 mg/kg of body weight over 2 h)."	( Prospectively validated dosing nomograms for maximizing the pharmacodynamics of vancomycin administered by continuous infusion in critically ill patients. Crapis, M; Cristini, F; Furlanut, M; Negri, C; Pavan, F; Pea, F; Viale, P, 2009)	0.77
" Additional studies of dosing and pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal daptomycin in the treatment of patients with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus peritonitis are needed."	( Successful use of intraperitoneal daptomycin in the treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus peritonitis. Abu-Alfa, AK; Brewster, UC; Hall, I; Huen, SC; Mahnensmith, RL; Topal, J, 2009)	0.8
"Dalbavancin is an antimicrobial lipoglycopeptide agent that has proven activity against Gram-positive pathogens and a once weekly dosing advantage compared with other agents in the glycopeptide class."	( Multicenter evaluation of the in vitro activity of dalbavancin tested against staphylococci and streptococci in 5 European countries: results from the DECIDE Surveillance Program (2007). Biedenbach, DJ; Jones, RN, 2009)	0.35
" It is unknown whether recommended vancomycin dosing regimens for children achieve this value."	( Current recommended dosing of vancomycin for children with invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections is inadequate. Benet, LZ; Frymoyer, A; Guglielmo, BJ; Hersh, AL, 2009)	0.92
"0 microg/mL resulted in AUC24/MIC <400 for both dosing regimens."	( Current recommended dosing of vancomycin for children with invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections is inadequate. Benet, LZ; Frymoyer, A; Guglielmo, BJ; Hersh, AL, 2009)	0.64
"The aims of this study were to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of vancomycin in adult patients, to use this model to develop dosage guidelines targeting vancomycin trough concentrations of 10-15 mg/L and to evaluate the performance of these new guidelines."	( Development and evaluation of vancomycin dosage guidelines designed to achieve new target concentrations. Gall, M; Lovering, AM; Staatz, CE; Thomson, AH; Tobin, CM, 2009)	0.87
" A population pharmacokinetic model was first developed from vancomycin dosage and concentration data collected during routine therapeutic drug monitoring in 398 patients, then new vancomycin dosage guidelines were devised by using the model to predict vancomycin trough concentrations in a simulated dataset."	( Development and evaluation of vancomycin dosage guidelines designed to achieve new target concentrations. Gall, M; Lovering, AM; Staatz, CE; Thomson, AH; Tobin, CM, 2009)	0.88
" The proposed dosage guidelines were predicted to achieve 55% of vancomycin troughs within 10-15 mg/L and 71% within 10-20 mg/L, which is significantly higher than current guidelines (19% and 22%, respectively)."	( Development and evaluation of vancomycin dosage guidelines designed to achieve new target concentrations. Gall, M; Lovering, AM; Staatz, CE; Thomson, AH; Tobin, CM, 2009)	0.88
"New vancomycin dosage guidelines have been developed that achieve trough concentrations of 10-15 mg/L earlier and more consistently than current guidelines."	( Development and evaluation of vancomycin dosage guidelines designed to achieve new target concentrations. Gall, M; Lovering, AM; Staatz, CE; Thomson, AH; Tobin, CM, 2009)	1.2
" This slight fitness burden can be attributed to the basal level of expression of the van genes in the absence of induction combined with a gene dosage effect due to the presence of the van operon on multicopy plasmids."	( Fitness cost of VanA-type vancomycin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Courvalin, P; Foucault, ML; Grillot-Courvalin, C, 2009)	0.65
"In our ICUs where multidrug resistant bacteria are common, an approach considering ICU-specific antibiotic MICs coupled with pharmacodynamic dosing strategies resulted in improved outcomes and shorter duration of treatments."	( Pharmacodynamic-based clinical pathway for empiric antibiotic choice in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Eagye, KJ; Kuti, JL; Nicasio, AM; Nicolau, DP; Palter, M; Pepe, J; Shore, E, 2010)	0.36
" Based on predictions from the developed model, preterm neonates do not reach targeted peak and trough gentamicin concentrations after a standard dosage regimen of 4 mg/kg given once daily, suggesting a need for higher loading doses and prolonged dosing intervals in this patient population."	( Developmental pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in preterm and term neonates: population modelling of a prospective study. Ewald, U; Friberg, LE; Honoré, PH; Nielsen, EI; Sandström, M, 2009)	0.35
" Novel dosage strategies based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analyses are needed to retain effectiveness that could improve drug exposure in patients infected with such pathogens."	( Vancomycin dosage optimization in patients with malignant haematological disease by pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis. Dominguez-Gil, A; Fernández de Gatta, Mdel M; García, MJ; Sánchez Navarro, A; Santos Buelga, D, 2009)	1.8
" Only in patients with a creatinine clearance (CL(CR)) <60 mL/min did the standard vancomycin dosage (2000 mg/day) induce CFRs >60% for all staphylococci, except the VISA strains."	( Vancomycin dosage optimization in patients with malignant haematological disease by pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis. Dominguez-Gil, A; Fernández de Gatta, Mdel M; García, MJ; Sánchez Navarro, A; Santos Buelga, D, 2009)	2.02
" Thus, a combination of loose regulation of the vanA operon by the two-component system and a gene dosage effect accounts for the partial glycopeptide dependence of VRSA-7."	( VanA-type Staphylococcus aureus strain VRSA-7 is partially dependent on vancomycin for growth. Courvalin, P; Meziane-Cherif, D; Moubareck, C; Périchon, B, 2009)	0.59
" For the clinical trial dosing regimen, individual percent T>MICs were used to calculate fractional target attainment rates (TARs) for >or=30 and >or=50% T>MIC targets at various MICs."	( Pharmacodynamic profiling of ceftobiprole for treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections. Bagchi, P; Kimko, H; Nandy, P; Noel, GJ; Samtani, MN; Strauss, RS; Xu, X, 2009)	0.35
" A literature review of existing evidence regarding vancomycin dosing and monitoring of serum concentrations, in addition to patient outcomes combined with expert opinion regarding the drug's pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety record, resulted in new recommendations for targeting and adjustment of vancomycin therapy."	( Vancomycin therapeutic guidelines: a summary of consensus recommendations from the infectious diseases Society of America, the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists. Billeter, M; Craig, WA; Dalovisio, JR; Levine, DP; Lomaestro, BM; Moellering, RC; Rotschafer, JC; Rybak, MJ, 2009)	2.05
"The population pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin obtained here can be used to individualize the dosage of vancomycin in institutions with similar patient population characteristics."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin in patients with gram-positive infections and the influence of infectious disease type. Baba, H; Kuzuya, T; Nabeshima, T; Yamada, K; Yamamoto, M, 2009)	0.88
" Due to the emergence of vancomycin-intermediate resistance at a fAUC24/MIC of < or = 210, exceeding this exposure breakpoint in ELF may help to guide optimal dosage regimens in the treatment of MRSA pneumonia."	( Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin at simulated epithelial lining fluid concentrations against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): implications for dosing in MRSA pneumonia. Bulitta, JB; Forrest, A; Harigaya, Y; Lesse, AJ; Mylotte, JM; Sakoulas, G; Tsuji, BT, 2009)	0.98
" Thirty patients received a dosage of 1325 +/- 603 mg/d vancomycin (range 300-3400 mg/d) by intermittent infusion, and 119 patients received a mean dosage of 1935 +/- 688 mg/d (range 352-3411 mg/d) by continuous infusion."	( Influence of vancomycin on renal function in critically ill patients after cardiac surgery: continuous versus intermittent infusion. Hutschala, D; Kinstner, C; Müller, M; Skhirdladze, K; Thalhammer, F; Tschernko, E, 2009)	0.97
" This observation was attributed initially to the lack of weight-based dosing and targeting of lower trough concentrations."	( Risk factors for treatment failure in patients receiving vancomycin for hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. Aston, JL; Creech, CB; Dortch, MJ; Dossett, LA; May, AK, 2010)	0.61
" No difference in activity was observed between both q8 and q12h dosing regimens of ceftaroline."	( In vitro activity of ceftaroline against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus in a hollow fiber model. Leonard, SN; Rybak, MJ; Vidaillac, C, 2009)	0.57
" aureus infections; however, a detailed analysis of isolate susceptibility and appropriate dosing are important."	( Treating Gram-positive infections: vancomycin update and the whys, wherefores and evidence base for continuous infusion of anti-Gram-positive antibiotics. Chua, K; Howden, BP, 2009)	0.63
" The purpose of this study was to evaluate the initial dosing of vancomycin for MRSA pneumonia in critically ill adult trauma patients."	( Vancomycin dosing for pneumonia in critically ill trauma patients. Erstad, BL; Kopp, BJ; Nix, DE; Norris, CJ; Patanwala, AE, 2009)	2.03
"This study was designed to evaluate the extent of vancomycin removal from the blood compartment during sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED) and the efficacy of our current vancomycin dosing practice."	( Removal of vancomycin in sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED): a need for better surveillance and dosing. Chen, JL; Gofran, A; Golestaneh, L; Mokrzycki, MH, 2009)	1
" Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is an essential part of any dosing scheme, until further studies are done."	( Removal of vancomycin in sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED): a need for better surveillance and dosing. Chen, JL; Gofran, A; Golestaneh, L; Mokrzycki, MH, 2009)	0.74
"TDM should be considered according to renal function, the severity of enteritis and the total dosage of oral VCM administration."	( Unexpected serum level of vancomycin after oral administration in a patient with severe colitis and renal insufficiency. Ariyoshi, N; Harigaya, K; Hattori, N; Kitada, M; Miura, G; Nakamura, H; Nakasa, H; Oda, S; Sadahiro, T; Shinozaki, K; Toyoda, A; Yamagata, S; Yamazaki, S, 2009)	0.65
" Among patients with vancomycin-induced fever, rash, or neutropenia, there were no differences between patients with or without teicoplanin-induced fever, rash, or neutropenia in terms of age, sex, weight, dosage or duration of vancomycin therapy, dosage of teicoplanin, or underlying disease."	( Tolerability of teicoplanin in 117 hospitalized adults with previous vancomycin-induced fever, rash, or neutropenia: a retrospective chart review. Chang, CM; Chen, PL; Chung, CH; Hung, YP; Ko, WC; Lee, CC; Lee, HC; Lee, NY; Wu, CJ, 2009)	0.91
" When comparing samples in witch the concentrations were above a value thought to be predictive of efficacy to those were not, we could notice: that no parameter about patients or burn surface was predictable for achieving targeted blood concentration; that usual regimen could not achieve targeted concentrations, excepted with ceftazidime, provided it was used in continuous infusion; that, with the other beta-lactams, continuous infusion was more likely to achieve targeted blood concentrations; that, with fluoroquinolones, both higher and more frequent injections were needed; that, with aminoglycosides used once a day, the dosage had to be higher than usually recommended."	( [Antimicrobial blood concentrations in burns. A five years' retrospective survey]. Arnould, JF; Dally, E; Le Floch, R; Naux, E; Pilorget, A, 2010)	0.36
" The majority of patients received a dosing regimen of 1g twice daily, resulting in significantly (p=0."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in patients with severe burn injuries. Buono, E; Cheong, E; Dolton, M; Gottlieb, T; Kennedy, P; Maitz, P; McLachlan, AJ; Xu, H, 2010)	1.8
"001) than were cefazolin, vancomycin, or linezolid based on the dose-response profiles."	( In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Abbanat, D; Bush, K; Fernandez, J; Flamm, RK; Hilliard, JJ; Melton, JL; Santoro, CM; Zhang, W, 2010)	0.66
" This study was limited due to an inability to assess for the effects of hetero-resistance and appropriate vancomycin dosing on outcomes."	( Efficacy and safety of linezolid in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) complicated skin and soft tissue infection (cSSTI): a meta-analysis. Bounthavong, M; Hsu, DI, 2010)	0.57
" Increasing vancomycin MIC values in MRSA clinical isolates makes the optimization of vancomycin dosing pivotal to its continued use."	( Use of vancomycin pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic properties in the treatment of MRSA infections. Giulano, C; Giuliano, C; Haase, KK; Hall, R, 2010)	1.19
"cancer patients may require higher than usual dosing regimens to ensure optimal therapeutic concentrations, since vancomycin CL and Vd is significantly higher in these patients, a dosing schedule as high as 60 mg/kg/day may be needed for cancer patients."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in adult cancer patients. Al-Kofide, H; Al-Naim, L; Zaghloul, I, 2010)	0.89
" Recently, the therapeutic efficacy of vancomycin in the treatment of hospitalized patients with MRSA infections has been questioned due to the emergence of MRSA strains with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin together with concerns related to inadequate dosing and poor tissue penetration of the drug."	( The importance of tissue penetration in achieving successful antimicrobial treatment of nosocomial pneumonia and complicated skin and soft-tissue infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: vancomycin and linezolid. Stein, GE; Wells, EM, 2010)	0.82
" Linezolid demonstrates adequate penetration into lung and other soft issues with sustained concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentrations for susceptible pathogens, including MRSA, for the majority of the dosing interval."	( The importance of tissue penetration in achieving successful antimicrobial treatment of nosocomial pneumonia and complicated skin and soft-tissue infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: vancomycin and linezolid. Stein, GE; Wells, EM, 2010)	0.55
" Because of the definite risk of dosage errors, these agents should be prepared in the hospital pharmacy and not in the operating theatre."	( Are cefuroxime and vancomycin really safe on the corneal endothelial cells? Ayşe, NB; Fatma, YM; Firdevs, O; Gülsen, Y; Necati, DM; Ozlem, TY, 2010)	0.69
" This has been confirmed by numerous clinical trials comparing novel anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus agents with vancomycin at the Food and Drug Administration-approved dosage of 1 g every 12 hours."	( Vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity: grave concern or death by character assassination? Brouse, SD; Hall, RG; Hazlewood, KA; Pitcher, WD, 2010)	2.01
" Of the 317 Antimicrobial Stewardship Program interventions performed, 190 qualified as vancomycin prescription errors, most commonly, vancomycin dosing and premature stop."	( Impact of antimicrobial stewardship program on vancomycin use in a pediatric teaching hospital. Chan, S; Di Pentima, MC, 2010)	0.84
" Therefore, new dosing guidelines advocating much higher vancomycin doses have been issued."	( Recent changes in vancomycin use in renal failure. De Vriese, AS; Vandecasteele, SJ, 2010)	0.94
"Inadequate dosing of vancomycin prophylaxis prior to BS is associated with increased risk of SSI."	( Surgical site infections following bariatric surgery in community hospitals: a weighty concern? Anderson, DJ; Freeman, JT; Hartwig, MG; Sexton, DJ, 2011)	0.69
"The objective of the study is to evaluate the ability of standard vancomycin dosing strategies actually recommended to attain the pharmacodynamic target of an area under the curve of vancomycin serum concentration versus time from 0 to 24 hours (AUC(24h)) to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio greater than 400:1 for patients with a suspected or documented methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia by individual analysis and Monte Carlo simulation."	( [Evaluation of pharmacodynamic target attainment with vancomycin treatment of bacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistant]. Aznar, J; Bautista, J; Gil-Navarro, MV; Lepe, JA; Santos-Rubio, MD, 2010)	0.85
" Dosing guidelines targeting a value of > or =400 for the area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h in the steady state divided by the MIC (AUC(24)/MIC ratio) were explored using Monte Carlo simulation."	( Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in premature Malaysian neonates: identification of predictors for dosing determination. Charles, BG; Heng, SC; Lee, TC; Lim, CT; Lo, YL; van Hasselt, JG, 2010)	0.65
"Using the recommended empiric dosage of 40 mg/kg/d, 58% to 66% of children were predicted to achieve AUC(0-24)/MIC >400."	( Prediction of vancomycin pharmacodynamics in children with invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: a Monte Carlo simulation. Benet, LZ; Coralic, Z; Frymoyer, A; Hersh, AL; Joseph Guglielmo, B, 2010)	0.72
"Recommended empiric vancomycin dosing in children (40 mg/kg/d) was not predicted to consistently achieve the pharmacodynamic target of AUC(0-24)/MIC >400 for invasive MRSA infections."	( Prediction of vancomycin pharmacodynamics in children with invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: a Monte Carlo simulation. Benet, LZ; Coralic, Z; Frymoyer, A; Hersh, AL; Joseph Guglielmo, B, 2010)	1.04
" This study implemented CDSS in an environment independent of CPOE, introduced to prescribers via academic detailing, to address the dosing of renally cleared drugs."	( Clinical decision support implemented with academic detailing improves prescribing of key renally cleared drugs in the hospital setting. Adams, RJ; Belcher, TW; Cheney, PC; Farmer, CJ; Govis, SM; Roberts, GW; Walsh, SA, )	0.13
"The rate of dosing conformity and management for key renally cleared drugs in hospitalized patients, before and after GFR+ implementation."	( Clinical decision support implemented with academic detailing improves prescribing of key renally cleared drugs in the hospital setting. Adams, RJ; Belcher, TW; Cheney, PC; Farmer, CJ; Govis, SM; Roberts, GW; Walsh, SA, )	0.13
"Improvements were seen in dosing conformity for enoxaparin (from 68% to 86%, p=0."	( Clinical decision support implemented with academic detailing improves prescribing of key renally cleared drugs in the hospital setting. Adams, RJ; Belcher, TW; Cheney, PC; Farmer, CJ; Govis, SM; Roberts, GW; Walsh, SA, )	0.13
"Clinical decision support implemented with academic detailing improved dosing conformity and management of key renally cleared drugs in a hospitalized population."	( Clinical decision support implemented with academic detailing improves prescribing of key renally cleared drugs in the hospital setting. Adams, RJ; Belcher, TW; Cheney, PC; Farmer, CJ; Govis, SM; Roberts, GW; Walsh, SA, )	0.13
" However, in vitro dose-response curves for bone chips impregnated with different kinds of antibiotics are not available."	( Impregnation of bone chips with antibiotics and storage of antibiotics at different temperatures: an in vitro study. Bloem, RM; Buma, P; Mathijssen, NM; Petit, PL; Pilot, P; Schreurs, BW, 2010)	0.36
" In a separate experiment, in vitro dose-response curves were established for bone chips impregnated with cefazolin and vancomycin solutions at five different concentrations."	( Impregnation of bone chips with antibiotics and storage of antibiotics at different temperatures: an in vitro study. Bloem, RM; Buma, P; Mathijssen, NM; Petit, PL; Pilot, P; Schreurs, BW, 2010)	0.57
" The in vitro dose-response curves show that the free-zone diameter increases logarithmically with antibiotic concentration."	( Impregnation of bone chips with antibiotics and storage of antibiotics at different temperatures: an in vitro study. Bloem, RM; Buma, P; Mathijssen, NM; Petit, PL; Pilot, P; Schreurs, BW, 2010)	0.36
" The in vitro dose-response curve can be used to determine the optimal concentration(s) for local application."	( Impregnation of bone chips with antibiotics and storage of antibiotics at different temperatures: an in vitro study. Bloem, RM; Buma, P; Mathijssen, NM; Petit, PL; Pilot, P; Schreurs, BW, 2010)	0.36
" Nearly 70% of the respondent hospitals reported having a vancomycinspecific dosing or monitoring guideline in place."	( Hospital policies and practices on prevention and treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Hennenfent, J; Lambert, BL; McBride, MV; Rodvold, KA; Schiff, G; Schumock, GT; Trese, AM; Tverdek, F; Yang, Y, 2010)	0.6
"We implemented a protocol at our center to automate intravenous vancomycin dosing in hemodialysis patients."	( A protocolized approach to vancomycin dosing in conventional hemodialysis. Dipchand, C; Finkle, SN; Hirsch, DJ; Panais, R; Storsley, L, )	0.67
"Serum creatinine (Scr) is not a reliable marker of renal function in critically ill patients because of an enhancement of protein catabolism, which makes it difficult to adjust the dosage of renally eliminated drugs such as antibiotics."	( Usefulness of serum cystatin C to determine the dose of vancomycin in critically ill patients. Furuta, N; Ieiri, I; Imanishi, Y; Ito, H; Itoh, Y; Nakano, S; Niwa, T; Ogura, S; Ohmori, T; Seishima, M; Shirai, K; Suzuki, A; Takemura, M; Yoshida, S, 2010)	0.61
"Firstly, the particle diameter distribution, shape, encapsulation efficiency, drug-loaded dosage and release curve of VA-PLGA microspheres were evaluated in vitro."	( Intra-discal vancomycin-loaded PLGA microsphere injection for MRSA discitis: an experimental study. Liu, F; Liu, J; Ni, B; Wang, F; Zhu, YZ; Zhu, Z, 2011)	0.74
"The dosing of vancomycin, if used as antibiotic prophylaxis, does not need to be adjusted in cardiac surgery patients when undergoing profound hypothermic circulatory arrest, since the plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic profile are similar to patients with moderate hypothermia."	( Vancomycin plasma concentrations in cardiac surgery with the use of profound hypothermic circulatory arrest. Faix, JD; Kolz, M; Lemmens, HJ; Miller, C; Mitchell, S; van der Starre, PJ, 2010)	2.16
" The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a standardized prebypass and postbypass dosing regimen of vancomycin by assessing plasma concentrations in the immediate postoperative period and postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs)."	( The efficacy of post-cardiopulmonary bypass dosing of vancomycin in cardiac surgery. Bodian, C; Raikhelkar, JK; Reich, DL; Schure, R; Scurlock, C; Varghese, R, 2010)	0.82
"Vancomycin (VAN) dosing requires adjustment to renal function, which is often estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula; however, its precision is poor in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients."	( Clearance of vancomycin during continuous infusion in Intensive Care Unit patients: correlation with measured and estimated creatinine clearance and serum cystatin C. Gnewuch, C; Hilpert, JW; Kees, F; Kees, MG; Voegeler, S, 2010)	2.17
" Further investigation into β-lactam dosing strategies against different BORSA strains is warranted in order to avoid possible therapy failure."	( Diminished in vitro antibacterial activity of oxacillin against clinical isolates of borderline oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Beisser, PS; Croes, S; Deurenberg, RH; Neef, C; Stobberingh, EE; Terporten, PH, 2010)	0.36
"Despite the growing epidemic of obesity in the United States, dosing medications in such patients remains poorly studied and understood."	( Pharmacotherapy in the critically ill obese patient. Medico, CJ; Walsh, P, 2010)	0.36
"To determine the population pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin in neonatal patients with a wide range of gestational age and birth weight, and subsequently to design an initial dosing schedule for vancomycin in neonates."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin in neonates. A new proposal of initial dosage guideline. Marqués-Miñana, MR; Peris, JE; Saadeddin, A, 2010)	0.87
" An initial dosage guideline for vancomycin is proposed for preterm and full-term neonates, whereas the population pharmacokinetic model can be used for dosage individualization of vancomycin."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin in neonates. A new proposal of initial dosage guideline. Marqués-Miñana, MR; Peris, JE; Saadeddin, A, 2010)	0.91
" Serum concentration monitorization is necessary for dosage individualization."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic parameters to optimize dosage administration in critically ill children. Giachetto, GA; Menchaca, A; Nanni, L; Oyarzun, M; Speranza, N; Telechea, HM, 2011)	1.81
" Published initial dosing recommendations to target troughs of 15-20mg/L for this population are lacking."	( Optimizing initial vancomycin dosing in burn patients. Elligsen, M; Simor, A; Walker, SA; Walker, SE, 2011)	0.7
"This study was conducted to develop initial vancomycin dosing recommendations based on the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in acute burn patients."	( Optimizing initial vancomycin dosing in burn patients. Elligsen, M; Simor, A; Walker, SA; Walker, SE, 2011)	0.96
" Mean pharmacokinetic parameters were determined and Monte Carlo Simulation was used to develop initial vancomycin dosing recommendations that target trough concentrations between 15 and 20mg/L."	( Optimizing initial vancomycin dosing in burn patients. Elligsen, M; Simor, A; Walker, SA; Walker, SE, 2011)	0.91
" Monte Carlo simulation indicated that the most commonly used empiric dosing regimen (1g iv q12 h) attained targets with a probability of <10% in all burned patients."	( Optimizing initial vancomycin dosing in burn patients. Elligsen, M; Simor, A; Walker, SA; Walker, SE, 2011)	0.7
"This study provides initial vancomycin dosing recommendations for burned patients 48 h to 14 days after burn and patients >14 days after burn."	( Optimizing initial vancomycin dosing in burn patients. Elligsen, M; Simor, A; Walker, SA; Walker, SE, 2011)	0.99
" For a successful therapy it is of vital importance that these compounds are used judiciously and dosed appropriately."	( Comparison of the pharmacokinetic properties of vancomycin, linezolid, tigecyclin, and daptomycin. Derendorf, H; Estes, KS, 2010)	0.62
"Faecal levels of vancomycin are proportional to the dosage administered and, even in patients with increased stool frequency, much higher than the MIC90."	( Faecal pharmacokinetics of orally administered vancomycin in patients with suspected Clostridium difficile infection. Carrier, JC; Fortier, LC; Frost, EH; Gonzales, M; Pepin, J; Sirard, S; Valiquette, L, 2010)	0.96
" This new lesion, which resulted from CSF dissemination from the primary abscess, was refractory to treatment, and eventually disappeared after the intraventricular VCM dosage was increased from 20 to 30 mg and continued for 30 days."	( Fulminant ependymitis following intraventricular rupture of brain abscess. Inamasu, J; Kuramae, T; Nakatsukasa, M; Tomiyasu, K, 2011)	0.37
" Recommendations are provided regarding vancomycin dosing and monitoring, management of infections due to MRSA strains with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin, and vancomycin treatment failures."	( Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children. Bayer, A; Chambers, HF; Cosgrove, SE; Daum, RS; Fridkin, SK; Gorwitz, RJ; J Rybak, M; Kaplan, SL; Karchmer, AW; Levine, DP; Liu, C; Murray, BE; Talan, DA, 2011)	0.64
" Recommendations are provided regarding vancomycin dosing and monitoring, management of infections due to MRSA strains with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin, and vancomycin treatment failures."	( Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children: executive summary. Bayer, A; Chambers, HF; Cosgrove, SE; Daum, RS; Fridkin, SK; Gorwitz, RJ; J Rybak, M; Kaplan, SL; Karchmer, AW; Levine, DP; Liu, C; Murray, BE; Talan, DA, 2011)	0.64
"To address issues of antibiotic dosing during sustained low-efficiency dialysis by using available pharmacokinetic data, intermittent and continuous renal replacement therapy dialysis guidelines, and our experience with sustained low-efficiency dialysis."	( Antibiotic dosing during sustained low-efficiency dialysis: special considerations in adult critically ill patients. Bogard, KN; Erwin, MW; Fuller, PD; Olsen, KM; Peterson, NT; Plumb, TJ, 2011)	0.37
"Published clinical trials, case reports, and reviews of antibiotic dosing in humans during sustained low-efficiency dialysis."	( Antibiotic dosing during sustained low-efficiency dialysis: special considerations in adult critically ill patients. Bogard, KN; Erwin, MW; Fuller, PD; Olsen, KM; Peterson, NT; Plumb, TJ, 2011)	0.37
" Appropriate dose and calculation of dosing intervals is essential to provide adequate antibiotic therapy in these patients."	( Antibiotic dosing during sustained low-efficiency dialysis: special considerations in adult critically ill patients. Bogard, KN; Erwin, MW; Fuller, PD; Olsen, KM; Peterson, NT; Plumb, TJ, 2011)	0.37
"Data are lacking to guide antimicrobial dosing for overweight children."	( Vancomycin dosing in obese pediatric patients. Edwards, MS; Kim, S; Moffett, BS, 2011)	1.81
" Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for these patients to collect information regarding patient demographics, vancomycin dosage and indication, concurrent antibiotics and nephrotoxic agents during vancomycin therapy, length of stay, duration of vancomycin therapy, and number of vancomycin levels drawn."	( Effects of therapeutic drug monitoring criteria in a computerized prescriber-order-entry system on the appropriateness of vancomycin level orders. Frei, C; Green, K; Lewis, JS; Maxwell, PR; Traugott, KA, 2011)	0.78
" Vancomycin dosing in hemodialysis patients is mainly influenced by the timing of administration (during or after dialysis), the type of filter used, and the duration of dialysis."	( Vancomycin dosing in patients on intermittent hemodialysis. De Vriese, AS; Vandecasteele, SJ, )	2.48
" Evidence of in vivo synergy could lead to a reduction of the standard VAN dosage or treatment time."	( Evaluation of the synergistic potential of vancomycin combined with other antimicrobial agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp strains. Araújo, MT; Nunes, AP; Santos, KR; Silva, LV, 2011)	0.63
"There is no consensus on vancomycin dosing in newborns and young infants."	( Vancomycin prescription in neonates and young infants: toward a simplified dosage. Boulamery, A; Martin, C; Oudin, C; Simon, N; Vialet, R, 2011)	2.12
"The first objective was to assess the efficiency of a simplified dosing regimen with a cohort study."	( Vancomycin prescription in neonates and young infants: toward a simplified dosage. Boulamery, A; Martin, C; Oudin, C; Simon, N; Vialet, R, 2011)	1.81
" The vancomycin dosing regimen consisted of a loading dose of 7 mg/kg, followed by a constant continuous dose of 30 mg/kg/day."	( Vancomycin prescription in neonates and young infants: toward a simplified dosage. Boulamery, A; Martin, C; Oudin, C; Simon, N; Vialet, R, 2011)	2.33
" In the actual dosing group, 89."	( Vancomycin prescription in neonates and young infants: toward a simplified dosage. Boulamery, A; Martin, C; Oudin, C; Simon, N; Vialet, R, 2011)	1.81
" The proposed new dosing scheme should be validated in a drug survey, but due to pharmacokinetic variability, still requires therapeutic drug monitoring."	( Vancomycin prescription in neonates and young infants: toward a simplified dosage. Boulamery, A; Martin, C; Oudin, C; Simon, N; Vialet, R, 2011)	1.81
"Two methods of calculating vancomycin clearance were compared to determine the best body weight measure to use when dosing vancomycin for overweight and obese patients."	( Determining vancomycin clearance in an overweight and obese population. Boro, MS; Leong, JV; Winter, M, 2011)	1.05
" Exclusion criteria included weight of more than 300% the IBW, unstable renal function, dialysis, uncertain vancomycin dosing or sampling times, and distribution-phase sampling."	( Determining vancomycin clearance in an overweight and obese population. Boro, MS; Leong, JV; Winter, M, 2011)	0.96
" While there was no difference in bias between methods, the modified Leonard and Boro method was significantly more precise than the Rushing and Ambrose method in predicting SVCs when dosing vancomycin for obese patients."	( Determining vancomycin clearance in an overweight and obese population. Boro, MS; Leong, JV; Winter, M, 2011)	0.94
" Current dosing regimens are not adequate, producing trough concentrations below the target range."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in neonates admitted to the neonatology unit at the Jordan University Hospital. Badran, EF; Irshaid, YM; Shamayleh, A, 2011)	0.69
"The empirical dosing method used was inadequate in one third of patients."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in neonates admitted to the neonatology unit at the Jordan University Hospital. Badran, EF; Irshaid, YM; Shamayleh, A, 2011)	0.69
"To compare hearing test results in infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) who were or were not treated with extended interval gentamicin dosing and/or standard vancomycin dosing."	( Are gentamicin and/or vancomycin associated with ototoxicity in the neonate? A retrospective audit. Begg, EJ; Borrie, TL; Darlow, BA; Lynn, AM; Robertshawe, BJ; Vella-Brincat, JW, 2011)	0.88
"A database of otoacoustic emissions (OAE), over a 5-year period of NICU admissions, was combined with databases of gentamicin and vancomycin dosing to compare patients treated or not treated with these antibiotics."	( Are gentamicin and/or vancomycin associated with ototoxicity in the neonate? A retrospective audit. Begg, EJ; Borrie, TL; Darlow, BA; Lynn, AM; Robertshawe, BJ; Vella-Brincat, JW, 2011)	0.89
" Vancomycin was dosed at 15mg/kg during the first hour, then 40 to 60mg/kg per 24hour."	( [Monitoring vancomycin in an intensive care unit: A retrospective survey on 66 patients]. Buguet-Brown, ML; Commandeur, D; Danguy Des Deserts, M; Drouillard, I; Giacardi, C; Huynh, S; Ould-Ahmed, M, 2011)	1.66
"We sought to characterize the pharmacodynamic profile of the more intensive vancomycin dosing regimens currently used in response to the recent vancomycin guidelines."	( Vancomycin: we can't get there from here. Drusano, GL; Lodise, TP; Lomaestro, B; Pai, MP; Patel, N; Rodvold, KA, 2011)	2.04
" The probability of achieving an AUC/MIC ratio ≥ 400 for each dosing regimen was calculated for minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) from ."	( Vancomycin: we can't get there from here. Drusano, GL; Lodise, TP; Lomaestro, B; Pai, MP; Patel, N; Rodvold, KA, 2011)	1.81
"At a MIC of 2 mg/L, even the most aggressive dosing regimen considered (2 g every 12 h) only yielded a probability of target attainment (PTA) of 57% while generating a nephrotoxicity probability upward of 35%(."	( Vancomycin: we can't get there from here. Drusano, GL; Lodise, TP; Lomaestro, B; Pai, MP; Patel, N; Rodvold, KA, 2011)	1.81
" However, we have worked in ICU, and recommended the rational dosage regimen of the antibiotics to the physicians during the treatment period."	( [Effect of pharmacists' intervention on the antibiotic therapy for the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infectious diseases in the intensive care unit]. Akase, T; Imaura, M; Kobayashi, K; Kohata, Y; Takahashi, H; Yamada, Y; Yokoyama, H, 2011)	0.37
"Current vancomycin dosing guidelines in our acute myeloid leukemia population too often achieve suboptimal initial drug concentrations."	( Characterization of vancomycin pharmacokinetics in the adult acute myeloid leukemia population. Almyroudis, N; Forrest, A; Jarkowski, A; Segal, BH; Sweeney, RP; Tan, W; Wang, ES; Wetzler, M, 2012)	1.14
"To evaluate current dosing regimens and subsequent trough serum concentrations of vancomycin in children, compare these to reference recommended dosages and guidelines, and predict a dosing equation to achieve desired serum concentrations."	( Assessment of vancomycin dosing and subsequent serum concentrations in pediatric patients. Eiland, EH; Eiland, LS; English, TM, 2011)	0.96
" Vancomycin dosing and subsequent serum concentrations were analyzed."	( Assessment of vancomycin dosing and subsequent serum concentrations in pediatric patients. Eiland, EH; Eiland, LS; English, TM, 2011)	1.64
" Based on our predictive equation for children aged 1 month-18 years with normal renal function, a vancomycin dosage of 70 mg/kg/day is required to provide trough serum concentrations of 10 mg/L; a dosage of 85 mg/kg/day is required to provide trough serum concentrations of 15 mg/L."	( Assessment of vancomycin dosing and subsequent serum concentrations in pediatric patients. Eiland, EH; Eiland, LS; English, TM, 2011)	0.95
"Our institution was primarily using vancomycin dosing regimens that were recommended in pediatric references (40-60 mg/kg/day), which resulted in subtherapeutic serum concentrations in our population based on new monitoring recommendations."	( Assessment of vancomycin dosing and subsequent serum concentrations in pediatric patients. Eiland, EH; Eiland, LS; English, TM, 2011)	1
" We proposed a systematic classification scheme using FDA-approved drug labeling to assess the DILI potential of drugs, which yielded a benchmark dataset with 287 drugs representing a wide range of therapeutic categories and daily dosage amounts."	( FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury. Chen, M; Fang, H; Liu, Z; Shi, Q; Tong, W; Vijay, V, 2011)	0.37
"The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and dosing recommendations of vancomycin in critically ill patients receiving continuous venovenous haemofiltration (CVVH)."	( Vancomycin clearance during continuous venovenous haemofiltration in critically ill patients. Chaijamorn, W; Dandecha, P; Jitsurong, A; Wanakamanee, U; Wiwattanawongsa, K, 2011)	2.03
" However, dosing recommendations from published guidelines are not suitable in achieving therapeutic vancomycin concentrations in a timely manner in patients with normal renal function."	( Vancomycin dosing: assessment of time to therapeutic concentration and predictive accuracy of pharmacokinetic modeling software. Aubron, C; Cheng, AC; Corallo, CE; Dooley, MJ; Nunn, MO; Poole, S, 2011)	2.03
"To audit vancomycin dosing and concentrations at our institution and evaluate the predictive accuracy of a pharmacokinetic simulation program, with a view to implementing a pharmacy-based pharmacokinetic service for vancomycin monitoring."	( Vancomycin dosing: assessment of time to therapeutic concentration and predictive accuracy of pharmacokinetic modeling software. Aubron, C; Cheng, AC; Corallo, CE; Dooley, MJ; Nunn, MO; Poole, S, 2011)	2.23
" The most common dosing regimen was 1 g every 12 hours."	( Vancomycin dosing: assessment of time to therapeutic concentration and predictive accuracy of pharmacokinetic modeling software. Aubron, C; Cheng, AC; Corallo, CE; Dooley, MJ; Nunn, MO; Poole, S, 2011)	1.81
" Pharmacokinetic modeling software is a potential tool to improve the timeliness of achieving adequate dosing by allowing concentrations to be determined prior to steady-state."	( Vancomycin dosing: assessment of time to therapeutic concentration and predictive accuracy of pharmacokinetic modeling software. Aubron, C; Cheng, AC; Corallo, CE; Dooley, MJ; Nunn, MO; Poole, S, 2011)	1.81
" The influence of initial vancomycin dosages on serum steady-state concentrations (S(sc)) before bayesian adaptation was studied on the basis of dosing recommendations in children and infants (i."	( [Vancomycin: what dosages are needed to achieve efficacy in paediatric hematology/oncology?]. Berhoune, C; Bertrand, Y; Bleyzac, N; Zegbeh, H, 2011)	1.58
" For an identical initial dosage of 40 mg/kg/day (± 10%), the S(sc) gradually increased as the patients' age increased."	( [Vancomycin: what dosages are needed to achieve efficacy in paediatric hematology/oncology?]. Berhoune, C; Bertrand, Y; Bleyzac, N; Zegbeh, H, 2011)	1.28
" For teenage patients, the standard dosage (i."	( [Vancomycin: what dosages are needed to achieve efficacy in paediatric hematology/oncology?]. Berhoune, C; Bertrand, Y; Bleyzac, N; Zegbeh, H, 2011)	1.28
"A multivariate model called the vancomycin dose calculator (VDC) was prospectively developed and validated to permit accurate vancomycin dosing in persons undergoing hemodialysis."	( Implementation of a dose calculator for vancomycin to achieve target trough levels of 15-20 microg/mL in persons undergoing hemodialysis. De Bacquer, D; De Vriese, AS; Vandecasteele, SJ, 2011)	0.92
" Maintenance dosing was accurate in 77."	( Implementation of a dose calculator for vancomycin to achieve target trough levels of 15-20 microg/mL in persons undergoing hemodialysis. De Bacquer, D; De Vriese, AS; Vandecasteele, SJ, 2011)	0.64
"The VDC permits accurate vancomycin maintenance dosing based on predialysis trough level, dry body weight, and period to the next dialysis session in the majority of patients undergoing hemodialysis."	( Implementation of a dose calculator for vancomycin to achieve target trough levels of 15-20 microg/mL in persons undergoing hemodialysis. De Bacquer, D; De Vriese, AS; Vandecasteele, SJ, 2011)	0.94
" In 2009, a consensus guideline was published in an effort to optimize dosing and monitoring of this useful agent."	( Vancomycin dosing and monitoring 2 years after the guidelines. Lomaestro, BM, 2011)	1.81
" Effective use of vancomycin requires knowledge of dosing parameters and selection of target trough levels appropriate to the specific infection and to the pathogen being treated."	( Vancomycin: a 50-something-year-old antibiotic we still don't understand. Neuner, E; Rehm, SJ; Schilling, A, 2011)	2.15
"To evaluate different methods of estimating renal function compared with patient-specific vancomycin and aminoglycoside (AG) clearance (CL(DRUG)) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), and to develop a new equation to more accurately estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in SCI patients in order to optimize dosing for vancomycin and AG."	( Evaluation of methods to estimate glomerular filtration rate versus actual drug clearance in patients with chronic spinal cord injury. Dang, AT; Lee, JP, 2011)	0.59
" The selection and magnitude of the PK/PD index were, however, shown to be sensitive to differences in PK in subpopulations, uncertainty in MICs, and investigated dosing intervals."	( Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) indices of antibiotics predicted by a semimechanistic PKPD model: a step toward model-based dose optimization. Cars, O; Friberg, LE; Nielsen, EI, 2011)	0.37
"Vancomycin is frequently used for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections; however, determining the optimal dosage for neonates is difficult because of their immature renal function."	( Evaluation of the vancomycin dosage regimen based on serum creatinine used in the neonatal intensive care unit. Fujiyama, A; Fukuda, T; Fukushima, S; Irie, T; Irikura, M; Ishitsuka, Y; Kawase, A; Kitaoka, H; Kondo, G; Kondo, Y; Maeda, T; Saita, F; Yukawa, E, 2011)	2.15
"Serum creatinine-based dosing was introduced in Kumamoto City Hospital Neonatal Medical Center."	( Evaluation of the vancomycin dosage regimen based on serum creatinine used in the neonatal intensive care unit. Fujiyama, A; Fukuda, T; Fukushima, S; Irie, T; Irikura, M; Ishitsuka, Y; Kawase, A; Kitaoka, H; Kondo, G; Kondo, Y; Maeda, T; Saita, F; Yukawa, E, 2011)	0.7
"The serum creatinine-based dosing of vancomycin is useful in maintaining the appropriate serum level of vancomycin in neonates."	( Evaluation of the vancomycin dosage regimen based on serum creatinine used in the neonatal intensive care unit. Fujiyama, A; Fukuda, T; Fukushima, S; Irie, T; Irikura, M; Ishitsuka, Y; Kawase, A; Kitaoka, H; Kondo, G; Kondo, Y; Maeda, T; Saita, F; Yukawa, E, 2011)	0.98
" This study aimed to describe the dosage regimen and the approach to therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for both antibiotics in units that participate in a UK neonatal network."	( Variation in gentamicin and vancomycin dosage and monitoring in UK neonatal units. Heath, PT; Kadambari, S; Lewis, S; Nichols, A; Sharland, M; Turner, MA, 2011)	0.66
"Questionnaires were sent to all units across the Extended Neonatal Network, requesting details of each unit's dosing regimen and TDM practice."	( Variation in gentamicin and vancomycin dosage and monitoring in UK neonatal units. Heath, PT; Kadambari, S; Lewis, S; Nichols, A; Sharland, M; Turner, MA, 2011)	0.66
" Ten different gentamicin dosing regimens were used, depending on gestational age and weight."	( Variation in gentamicin and vancomycin dosage and monitoring in UK neonatal units. Heath, PT; Kadambari, S; Lewis, S; Nichols, A; Sharland, M; Turner, MA, 2011)	0.66
"There is significant variation in gentamicin and vancomycin dosing regimens and TDM guidance across a UK network of neonatal units."	( Variation in gentamicin and vancomycin dosage and monitoring in UK neonatal units. Heath, PT; Kadambari, S; Lewis, S; Nichols, A; Sharland, M; Turner, MA, 2011)	0.92
"The aim of the study was to quantitatively predict the clearance of three antibiotics, amikacin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin, during continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF) and to propose their optimal dosage in patients receiving CHDF."	( Proposal of a pharmacokinetically optimized dosage regimen of antibiotics in patients receiving continuous hemodiafiltration. Fujita, T; Hanafusa, N; Hisaka, A; Katada, S; Noiri, E; Suzuki, H; Yahagi, N; Yamamoto, T; Yasuno, N, 2011)	0.59
"To assess and validate the effectiveness of a newly constructed vancomycin dosing nomogram in achieving target trough serum concentrations of 15-20 mg/L."	( Validation of the effectiveness of a vancomycin nomogram in achieving target trough concentrations of 15-20 mg/L suggested by the vancomycin consensus guidelines. Davis, SL; Delgado, G; Falcione, B; Kullar, R; Leonard, SN; Pogue, JM; Rybak, MJ; Wahby, KA, 2011)	0.88
"The new nomogram, which based dosing on weight and renal function, was used to calculate patients' initial vancomycin dosages."	( Validation of the effectiveness of a vancomycin nomogram in achieving target trough concentrations of 15-20 mg/L suggested by the vancomycin consensus guidelines. Davis, SL; Delgado, G; Falcione, B; Kullar, R; Leonard, SN; Pogue, JM; Rybak, MJ; Wahby, KA, 2011)	0.86
" The nomogram should not replace clinical judgment, and dosage adjustments should be based on pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic targets and clinical response."	( Validation of the effectiveness of a vancomycin nomogram in achieving target trough concentrations of 15-20 mg/L suggested by the vancomycin consensus guidelines. Davis, SL; Delgado, G; Falcione, B; Kullar, R; Leonard, SN; Pogue, JM; Rybak, MJ; Wahby, KA, 2011)	0.64
" Comparative effectiveness studies are needed to directly evaluate vancomycin dosing regimens and clinical outcomes for children with invasive MRSA infections."	( Impact of a hospitalwide increase in empiric pediatric vancomycin dosing on initial trough concentrations. Benet, LZ; Frymoyer, A; Guglielmo, BJ; Hersh, AL; Scarpace, SB; Wilson, SD, 2011)	0.85
" In this review, the following three items are described; 1) problem of dosage regimen described in package insert of antimicrobials, such as aminoglycosides and vancomycin in our country, and findings accumulated through their TDM; 2) strategy for proper use of antimicrobials based on PK-PD theory; 3) finally, the role of the pharmacist expected in the area of the infectious disease treatment."	( [Optimization of antimicrobial therapy based on therapeutic drug monitoring]. Morita, K, 2011)	0.57
" Convenience of vancomycin dosing may not outweigh the potential benefits of nafcillin or cefazolin in the treatment of MSSA bacteremia."	( Comparative effectiveness of nafcillin or cefazolin versus vancomycin in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Cosgrove, SE; Furuno, JP; Harris, AD; Johnson, JK; McGregor, JC; Perencevich, EN; Sakoulas, G; Schweizer, ML; Shardell, MD; Thom, KA, 2011)	0.96
" Secondary objectives included a comparison of dosage changes and toxicities."	( Vancomycin dosage in overweight and obese children. Chavez-Bueno, S; Hagemann, TM; Harrison, D; Johnson, PN; Miller, JL; Miller, M, 2011)	1.81
" Regimens using every-eight-hour dosing were significantly more likely than other regimens to result in a vancomycin trough concentration of 5-15 μg/mL, and regimens for obese children, compared with regimens for nonobese children, were less likely to produce trough concentrations in the same range of 5-15 μg/mL."	( Vancomycin dosage in overweight and obese children. Chavez-Bueno, S; Hagemann, TM; Harrison, D; Johnson, PN; Miller, JL; Miller, M, 2011)	2.03
" An educational intervention incorporating a vancomycin dosing protocol was carried out."	( Improving vancomycin prescription in critical illness through a drug use evaluation process: a weight-based dosing intervention study. Kirkpatrick, CM; Li, J; Lipman, J; Roberts, JA; Udy, AA, 2012)	1.04
"Our data support the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis statement that adequate serum vancomycin concentrations can be achieved with intermittent dosing (single dose every 5 days), but cannot guarantee therapeutic PDE levels in the treatment of PDP."	( Intraperitoneal vancomycin concentrations during peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis: correlation with serum levels. Fan, SL; Finney, H; Fish, R; Jones, C; Nipah, R, )	0.69
" We performed a survey of vancomycin use in that population to assess the accuracy of our dosing guidelines."	( Vancomycin serum concentration during febrile neutropenia in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Alfandari, S; Berthon, C; Cliquennois, M; Corm, S; Gay, J; Hochart, C; Tricot, S, 2011)	2.11
" A loading dose was used in 97% of cases dosed at a mean 15."	( Vancomycin serum concentration during febrile neutropenia in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Alfandari, S; Berthon, C; Cliquennois, M; Corm, S; Gay, J; Hochart, C; Tricot, S, 2011)	1.81
" Although once-daily and twice-daily dosage regimens exhibited total trough concentrations of <15 μg/ml, all regimens achieved similar bactericidal activities between 24 and 168 h and suppressed the amplification of nonsusceptible subpopulations."	( Evaluation of once-daily vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a hollow-fiber infection model. Bulitta, JB; D'Hondt, RE; Drusano, GL; Kulawy, R; Lodise, TP; Louie, A; Nicasio, AM, 2012)	0.68
"We reviewed records of 348 inpatients at our institution who received ≥5 days of vancomycin during 2 time periods when vancomycin dosing protocols differed (May 2005-April 2006 and January 2007-December 2007)."	( Elevated vancomycin trough is not associated with nephrotoxicity among inpatient veterans. Goetz, MB; Graber, CJ; Prabaker, KK; Pratummas, T; Tran, TP, 2012)	1.02
" The aim of this work was to know whether dosing was appropriate taking the therapeutic interval as a commonly accepted baseline and to propose viable alternatives in the case dosing was inadequate."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin. González-López, EH; Robles-Piedras, AL, 2009)	0.64
" In adults, dosage optimization depends on CL(CR) and body weight, while in children, it depends on age, body weight and CL(CR)."	( Vancomycin: a review of population pharmacokinetic analyses. Boulamery, A; Bruguerolle, B; Marsot, A; Simon, N, 2012)	1.82
" TD-1792, dosed subcutaneously (SC), produced dose-dependent reduction in the thigh bacterial burden of several organisms, including methicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis (MSSA, MRSA, MSSE, MRSE, respectively), penicillin-susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae (PSSP), Streptococcus pyogenes, and vancomycin-intermediate-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (VISA)."	( Pharmacodynamics of TD-1792, a novel glycopeptide-cephalosporin heterodimer antibiotic used against Gram-positive bacteria, in a neutropenic murine thigh model. Ambrose, PG; Bhavnani, SM; Blais, J; Hegde, SS; Obedencio, G; Okusanya, OO; Shaw, JP; Skinner, R, 2012)	0.55
"To clarify whether the new Japanese glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equation was able to accurately determine the initial and individualized dosage adjustment concentrations of vancomycin (VCM), the predictive performance for VCM concentrations using the eGFR and Cockcroft-Gault (CG) equations was compared."	( [Clinical usefulness of the new Japanese glomerular filtration rate equation for initial and individualized dosage adjustment concentrations of vancomycin]. Kawasaki, Y; Kobiki, E; Kuroda, N; Matsunaga, H; Nakura, H; Sato, T; Sendo, T; Ueshima, S, 2012)	0.77
" The finding that an initial vancomycin trough level ≥15 mg/L may be an independent risk factor for nephrotoxicity highlights the need for additional studies to assess current recommendations for vancomycin dosing for ICU patients with pneumonia."	( Incidence of nephrotoxicity and association with vancomycin use in intensive care unit patients with pneumonia: retrospective analysis of the IMPACT-HAP Database. Cano, EL; Cely, CM; Ford, KD; Haque, NZ; Kett, DH; Peyrani, P; Ramirez, JA; Scerpella, EG; Welch, VL; Zervos, MJ, 2012)	0.92
"After medical center implementation of 2009 ASHP/IDSA guidelines, we evaluated the appropriateness of vancomycin dosing and TDM."	( Short term impact of guidelines on vancomycin dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring. Dudas, V; Guglielmo, BJ; Gupta, R; Swartling, M, 2012)	0.87
" The interventions included (1) Nurses and phlebotomist education regarding the appropriate timing of vancomycin sampling, (2) A nomogram for appropriate initial dosing that was distributed to medical staff."	( Short term impact of guidelines on vancomycin dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring. Dudas, V; Guglielmo, BJ; Gupta, R; Swartling, M, 2012)	0.87
" Conclusion Adoption of the guidelines with associated training resulted in significant short term improvement in vancomycin dosing and TDM."	( Short term impact of guidelines on vancomycin dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring. Dudas, V; Guglielmo, BJ; Gupta, R; Swartling, M, 2012)	0.87
" In this mouse model of surgical implant MSSA or MRSA infection, daptomycin and tigecycline prophylaxis were effective over a broader dosage range than vancomycin."	( Daptomycin and tigecycline have broader effective dose ranges than vancomycin as prophylaxis against a Staphylococcus aureus surgical implant infection in mice. Billi, F; Francis, KP; Miller, LS; Niska, JA; Pribaz, JR; Ramos, RI; Shahbazian, JH, 2012)	0.81
"A total of 200 patients treated with vancomycin for at least 72 hours for confirmed, complicated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia during one of two study phases relative to the implementation of the vancomycin dosing guidelines targeting serum trough concentrations of 15-20 mg/L: 2005-2007 (preperiod phase) and 2008-2010 (postperiod phase)."	( Effects of targeting higher vancomycin trough levels on clinical outcomes and costs in a matched patient cohort. Davis, SL; Kaye, KS; Kullar, R; Rybak, MJ; Taylor, TN, 2012)	0.95
" In addition, more aggressive dosing was shown to significantly decrease overall duration of vancomycin therapy, which may affect total hospital LOS and cost."	( Effects of targeting higher vancomycin trough levels on clinical outcomes and costs in a matched patient cohort. Davis, SL; Kaye, KS; Kullar, R; Rybak, MJ; Taylor, TN, 2012)	0.89
" Dosing guidelines for many commonly used antibiotics were established during intermittent dialysis or in studies examining CRRT at lower blood and dialysis flow rates than are used in common practice."	( Vancomycin levels are frequently subtherapeutic during continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD). Berns, JS; Wilson, FP, 2012)	1.82
"To compare four common dosing regimens for vancomycin in preterm and term neonates by assessing the probability that each regimen would achieve the widely used therapeutic target serum trough concentrations of 5-15 mg/L and the newly suggested target of 15-20 mg/L."	( Evaluation of vancomycin dosing regimens in preterm and term neonates using Monte Carlo simulations. Mehrotra, N; Meibohm, B; Phelps, SJ; Tang, L, 2012)	1
" Parameter estimates for the derived pharmacostatistical model were used to perform Monte Carlo simulations for four recommended dosing regimens: a standard dose for all neonates, postmenstrual age-based dosing, postmenstrual and postnatal age-based dosing, and serum creatinine-based dosing."	( Evaluation of vancomycin dosing regimens in preterm and term neonates using Monte Carlo simulations. Mehrotra, N; Meibohm, B; Phelps, SJ; Tang, L, 2012)	0.74
"Monte Carlo simulations based on our population pharmacokinetic model suggest that vancomycin dosing guidelines based on serum creatinine concentration have a greater likelihood of achieving trough concentrations in the 5-15-mg/L range compared with other evaluated dosing regimens."	( Evaluation of vancomycin dosing regimens in preterm and term neonates using Monte Carlo simulations. Mehrotra, N; Meibohm, B; Phelps, SJ; Tang, L, 2012)	0.96
"We obtained data from 40 dosing intervals and observed wide variability in trough concentrations (6."	( Variability of antibiotic concentrations in critically ill patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy: a multicentre pharmacokinetic study. Bellomo, R; Cole, L; Lipman, J; Liu, X; Nair, P; Roberts, DM; Roberts, JA; Roberts, MS, 2012)	0.38
" Here, empirical dosing of antibiotics failed to achieve the target trough antibiotic concentration during 25% of the dosing intervals."	( Variability of antibiotic concentrations in critically ill patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy: a multicentre pharmacokinetic study. Bellomo, R; Cole, L; Lipman, J; Liu, X; Nair, P; Roberts, DM; Roberts, JA; Roberts, MS, 2012)	0.38
"No studies have evaluated the effect of guideline-recommended weight-based dosing on in-hospital mortality of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia."	( Empiric guideline-recommended weight-based vancomycin dosing and mortality in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a retrospective cohort study. Alvarez, CA; Bedimo, RJ; Bell, T; Brouse, SD; Forcade, NA; Frei, CR; Giuliano, CA; Haase, KK; Hall, RG; Hazlewood, KA, 2012)	0.64
" Guideline-recommended dosing was not associated with in-hospital mortality in the univariable (16% vs."	( Empiric guideline-recommended weight-based vancomycin dosing and mortality in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a retrospective cohort study. Alvarez, CA; Bedimo, RJ; Bell, T; Brouse, SD; Forcade, NA; Frei, CR; Giuliano, CA; Haase, KK; Hall, RG; Hazlewood, KA, 2012)	0.64
"Empiric use of weight-based, guideline-recommended empiric vancomycin dosing was not associated with reduced mortality in this multicenter study."	( Empiric guideline-recommended weight-based vancomycin dosing and mortality in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a retrospective cohort study. Alvarez, CA; Bedimo, RJ; Bell, T; Brouse, SD; Forcade, NA; Frei, CR; Giuliano, CA; Haase, KK; Hall, RG; Hazlewood, KA, 2012)	0.88
" The model could be used to create vancomycin dosage regimen in the type of patient similar with the present study."	( Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in Thai patients. Bunuparadah, P; Chindavijak, B; Chulavatnatol, S; Malathum, K; Preechagoon, Y; Purwonugroho, TA, 2012)	0.94
" In coculture, a dosage of VAN higher than that used for treatment in monoculture may be necessary to effectively inhibit growth of Staphylococcus aureus."	( Effect of coadministration of vancomycin and BMP-2 on cocultured Staphylococcus aureus and W-20-17 mouse bone marrow stromal cells in vitro. Kim, S; Maloney, WJ; Nguyen, AH; Wenke, JC; Yang, Y, 2012)	0.67
"Although recent consensus guidelines proposed more aggressive vancomycin troughs of >10 or 15-20 mg/L for complicated Staphylococcus aureus infections, dosing information to achieve these targets in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) is scarce."	( Initial vancomycin dosing protocol to achieve therapeutic serum concentrations in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Ariano, RE; McCrae, ML; Vercaigne, LM; Zelenitsky, SA, 2012)	1.05
"We used Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) methods with a previously published population-pharmacokinetic model and relevant patient demographics to evaluate and revise our existing vancomycin dosing protocol (1000-mg load followed by 500-mg maintenance dose, with doses infused during the last hour of dialysis)."	( Initial vancomycin dosing protocol to achieve therapeutic serum concentrations in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Ariano, RE; McCrae, ML; Vercaigne, LM; Zelenitsky, SA, 2012)	1.01
" Simulations predicted that the new vancomycin dosing protocol would achieve maintenance (pre-HD) troughs of 10-20 mg/L in 86."	( Initial vancomycin dosing protocol to achieve therapeutic serum concentrations in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Ariano, RE; McCrae, ML; Vercaigne, LM; Zelenitsky, SA, 2012)	1.09
"In this study, a practical vancomycin dosing protocol for patients undergoing HD was developed and prospectively validated to achieve therapeutic serum concentrations in the clinical setting."	( Initial vancomycin dosing protocol to achieve therapeutic serum concentrations in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Ariano, RE; McCrae, ML; Vercaigne, LM; Zelenitsky, SA, 2012)	1.11
"The pharmacology, clinical efficacy, safety, dosage and administration, and place in therapy of fidaxomicin for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) are reviewed."	( Fidaxomicin: a novel macrocyclic antibiotic for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. Crawford, T; Danziger, L; Huesgen, E, 2012)	0.38
" The recommended dosage for treatment of CDI is fidaxomicin 200 mg orally twice daily for 10 days."	( Fidaxomicin: a novel macrocyclic antibiotic for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. Crawford, T; Danziger, L; Huesgen, E, 2012)	0.38
"An original and a revised vancomycin dosing protocol for obese patients were compared with respect to attainment of target serum trough vancomycin concentrations and the occurrence of nephrotoxicity."	( Performance of a vancomycin dosage regimen developed for obese patients. Alexander, DP; DeRyke, CA; Reynolds, DC; Waite, LH, 2012)	1.02
" Thus, more aggressive vancomycin dosing has the potential to improve efficacy."	( Treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ventilator-associated pneumonia with high-dose vancomycin or linezolid. Boucher, BA; Christopher Wood, G; Croce, MA; Fabian, TC; Hamilton, LA; Magnotti, LJ; Martin, JB; Swanson, JM, 2012)	0.9
" Standard vancomycin dosing is associated with high clinical failure rates and higher dosages are associated with increased nephrotoxicity."	( PEGylated liposomal vancomycin: a glimmer of hope for improving treatment outcomes in MRSA pneumonia. Pumerantz, AS, 2012)	1.1
" In a recent prospective, randomized, open-label, comparator-controlled, multicenter, phase 4 clinical trial in adults with complicated skin and soft tissue infections (cSSTIs) caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), linezolid achieved clinical and microbiologic success comparable to appropriately dosed intravenous vancomycin."	( Clinical efficacy of oral linezolid compared with intravenous vancomycin for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-complicated skin and soft tissue infections: a retrospective, propensity score-matched, case-control analysis. Baruch, AM; Bhattacharyya, H; Biswas, P; Itani, KM; Reisman, A, 2012)	0.79
" Initial and adjusted target trough vancomycin concentrations in serum were infrequently achieved regardless of the dosing schedule."	( Trough concentrations of vancomycin: adult therapeutic targets are not appropriate for children. Carapetis, JR; Currie, BJ; Gordon, CL; Kilburn, C; Thompson, C; Turnidge, J, 2012)	0.96
"To more rapidly achieve the PK/PD targets in pediatric burn patients with normal renal function, an initial dose of approximately 90-100mg/kg/day is recommended; however, this higher dosage regimen should be further evaluated in this population in terms of efficacy and toxicity as well as in terms of achieving pharmacodynamic goals."	( Individualised vancomycin doses for paediatric burn patients to achieve PK/PD targets. Campos, EV; de Azevedo, RP; Ferreira, MC; Gomez, DS; Sanches-Giraud, C; Santos, SR; Silva, CV; Silva, JM, 2013)	0.74
" q12h, with dosage regimens adjusted per site-specific procedures)."	( TD-1792 versus vancomycin for treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections. Barriere, SL; Churukian, A; Corey, GR; Kingsley, J; Li, YP; Potgieter, PD; Stryjewski, ME, 2012)	0.73
" In-hospital mortality, 14- and 28-day mortality following vancomycin therapy were not different between dosing methods, although increased mortality was observed in the subgroup of patients receiving CI vancomycin empirically for clinical sepsis with negative blood cultures."	( Serum vancomycin levels resulting from continuous or intermittent infusion in critically ill burn patients with or without continuous renal replacement therapy. Akers, KS; Chung, KK; Cota, JM; Mende, K; Murray, CK; Renz, EM, )	0.86
" In neonates, several vancomycin dosing schedules have been proposed, mainly based on age (i."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in the neonate: a review. Allegaert, K; Pacifici, GM, 2012)	0.98
"The use of a vancomycin dosing nomogram is an alternative and more cost-effective method to conventional dosing; it reliably allows the achievement of trough vancomycin serum concentrations of 5-15 mg/l, with a successful clinical response."	( Evaluation of a vancomycin dosing nomogram in achieving high target trough concentrations in Taiwanese patients. Chien, HY; Leu, WJ; Lin, YM; Liu, HP; Liu, YC; Wang, HW, 2012)	1.09
"More patients who had dosing according to the nomogram had a vancomycin trough concentration within the desired target range than patients who had conventional dosing (65."	( Evaluation of a vancomycin dosing nomogram in achieving high target trough concentrations in Taiwanese patients. Chien, HY; Leu, WJ; Lin, YM; Liu, HP; Liu, YC; Wang, HW, 2012)	0.97
"We found that when dosing vancomycin with these nomograms, patients tended to have vancomycin trough concentrations within the target range and also to have a better outcome with regard to clinical efficacy and the safety profile."	( Evaluation of a vancomycin dosing nomogram in achieving high target trough concentrations in Taiwanese patients. Chien, HY; Leu, WJ; Lin, YM; Liu, HP; Liu, YC; Wang, HW, 2012)	1.03
" The results of the present study justify prospective evaluations in this population to determine the optimal vancomycin dosing strategy for attainment of goal trough concentrations."	( Effect of continuous venovenous hemofiltration dose on achievement of adequate vancomycin trough concentrations. Frazee, EN; Kashani, KB; Kuper, PJ; Larson, SL; Leung, N; Osmon, DR; Schramm, GE, 2012)	0.82
"To report 3 cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), all of whom had inadequate serum concentrations of vancomycin with conventional intermittent dosing and who achieved therapeutic serum concentrations with continuous infusions of vancomycin."	( Continuous infusion vancomycin for treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in cystic fibrosis patients. Fung, L, 2012)	0.9
" The remaining case reports describe 2 patients who were readmitted to the hospital after having received intermittent dosing as outpatients."	( Continuous infusion vancomycin for treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in cystic fibrosis patients. Fung, L, 2012)	0.7
" Optimal regimens are still unclear, and dosing of IVT vancomycin requires intricate consideration of patient specific factors and their impact on CNS pathophysiology."	( Systematic review of efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and administration of intraventricular vancomycin in adults. Chow, I; Ensom, MH; Mabasa, VH; Ng, K, 2014)	0.87
"73 m(2)), noting the effect this had on drug pharmacokinetics and leading to dosing requirements 2-3 times those recommended in standard regimens."	( Antibacterial therapeutic drug monitoring in cerebrospinal fluid: difficulty in achieving adequate drug concentrations. Lipman, J; Lonsdale, DO; Roberts, JA; Udy, AA, 2013)	0.39
" Due to the rapid change in patient clinical status it was impossible to predict a fixed dosage regimen."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics during high-volume continuous venovenous hemofiltration in critically ill septic patients. Brozmannova, H; Duricova, J; Grundmann, M; Kacirova, I; Martinek, A; Petejova, N; Plasek, J; Urbanek, K; Zahalkova, J, 2014)	1.85
" Although it has been used for more than 50 years, prescription remains a challenge in neonatal intensive care units for many reasons, including: high pharmacokinetic variability, numerous presentations, lack of consensus on dosing regimen and therapeutic drug monitoring."	( Use of antibacterial agents in the neonate: 50 years of experience with vancomycin administration. Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Sharland, M; van den Anker, JN; Zhao, W, 2013)	0.62
" However no clear consensus on optimal dosing has been achieved."	( External Evaluation of Population Pharmacokinetic Models of Vancomycin in Neonates: The transferability of published models to different clinical settings. Allegaert, K; Biran, V; Capparelli, EV; Fakhoury, M; Holford, N; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Kaguelidou, F; Kimura, T; Lo, YL; Peris, JE; Thomson, A; van den Anker, JN; Zhang, D; Zhao, W, 2013)	0.63
" Dosage individualisation of vancomycin in neonates should consider not only patients' characteristics and clinical conditions, but also the methods used to measure serum creatinine and vancomycin."	( External Evaluation of Population Pharmacokinetic Models of Vancomycin in Neonates: The transferability of published models to different clinical settings. Allegaert, K; Biran, V; Capparelli, EV; Fakhoury, M; Holford, N; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Kaguelidou, F; Kimura, T; Lo, YL; Peris, JE; Thomson, A; van den Anker, JN; Zhang, D; Zhao, W, 2013)	0.92
" The second purpose was to predict an adequate vancomycin dosage to achieve the new recommended levels."	( Evaluation of a vancomycin dosing regimen for patients on high flux hemodialysis: an observational study. Flores, R; Hernández Castillo, R; Jaume Anselmi, F; Jové, R; Lebrón, R; Ramírez Rivera, J; Ramírez Yuch, N; Santiago, E; Soto Guerrero, Y, )	0.73
"In an effort to maximize outcomes, recent expert guidelines recommend more-intensive vancomycin dosing schedules to maintain vancomycin troughs between 15 and 20 mg/liter."	( Systematic review and meta-analysis of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity associated with dosing schedules that maintain troughs between 15 and 20 milligrams per liter. Lodise, TP; Paterson, DL; van Hal, SJ, 2013)	0.88
" dosing was evaluated."	( Evaluation of a pediatric continuous-infusion vancomycin therapy guideline. Ambrose, PJ; Chen, T; Lee, M; McKamy, S, 2012)	0.64
" Primary outcome measures included the rate of attainment of the goal steady-state trough SVC (15-20 mg/L), preferably within 24-48 hours, the adequacy of an empirical dosing strategy, and adverse events."	( Evaluation of a pediatric continuous-infusion vancomycin therapy guideline. Ambrose, PJ; Chen, T; Lee, M; McKamy, S, 2012)	0.64
" vancomycin dosage at the end of CIV therapy was 44."	( Evaluation of a pediatric continuous-infusion vancomycin therapy guideline. Ambrose, PJ; Chen, T; Lee, M; McKamy, S, 2012)	1.55
" Using the institutional CIV dosing guideline, goal plateau SVC values were attained in most patients within 24-48 hours."	( Evaluation of a pediatric continuous-infusion vancomycin therapy guideline. Ambrose, PJ; Chen, T; Lee, M; McKamy, S, 2012)	0.64
" The linear regression and Bayesian methods recommended more accurate dosage regimens; however, they require additional resources such as information technology and healthcare personnel with background training in pharmacokinetics."	( Vancomycin therapeutics and monitoring: a contemporary approach. Avent, ML; Cheng, AC; Holmes, NE; Howden, BP; Paterson, DL; Rogers, BA; van Hal, SJ; Vaska, VL, 2013)	1.83
"To utilize serum cystatin C (CysC) concentration to identify the daily dosage regimen of vancomycin (Van) for the treatment of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections."	( Estimation of safe and effective dose of vancomycin in MRSA-infected patients using serum cystatin C concentrations. Chen, YC; Feng, JF; Li, B; Yang, YW; Zhang, L, 2013)	0.88
" Finally, the daily dosage equation of Van was derived according to pharmacokinetic theory."	( Estimation of safe and effective dose of vancomycin in MRSA-infected patients using serum cystatin C concentrations. Chen, YC; Feng, JF; Li, B; Yang, YW; Zhang, L, 2013)	0.66
" Accordingly, the predicted equation was created for calculation of the Van dosage to achieve the appropriate target steady-state serum concentration (Css): IR (the rate of continuous infusion, g/D) = 64."	( Estimation of safe and effective dose of vancomycin in MRSA-infected patients using serum cystatin C concentrations. Chen, YC; Feng, JF; Li, B; Yang, YW; Zhang, L, 2013)	0.66
" Vancomycin has clear dose-response and dose-toxicity correlations."	( The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vancomycin in clinical practice: evidence and uncertainties. De Vriese, AS; Tacconelli, E; Vandecasteele, SJ, 2013)	1.56
"Because pharmacokinetic data are limited, continuous infusions of vancomycin in neonates are administered using different dosing regimens."	( Vancomycin continuous infusion in neonates: dosing optimisation and therapeutic drug monitoring. Biran, V; Durrmeyer, X; Fakhoury, M; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Lopez, E; Zhao, W, 2013)	2.07
" Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed to optimise dosing using NONMEM software."	( Vancomycin continuous infusion in neonates: dosing optimisation and therapeutic drug monitoring. Biran, V; Durrmeyer, X; Fakhoury, M; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Lopez, E; Zhao, W, 2013)	1.83
" Only 48 neonates (41%) had serum vancomycin concentrations within the therapeutic range of 15-25 mg/l using a current dosing regimen."	( Vancomycin continuous infusion in neonates: dosing optimisation and therapeutic drug monitoring. Biran, V; Durrmeyer, X; Fakhoury, M; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Lopez, E; Zhao, W, 2013)	2.11
"A patient-tailored optimised dosing regimen should be used routinely to individualise vancomycin continuous infusion therapy in neonates."	( Vancomycin continuous infusion in neonates: dosing optimisation and therapeutic drug monitoring. Biran, V; Durrmeyer, X; Fakhoury, M; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Lopez, E; Zhao, W, 2013)	2.06
"Emergency Department (ED) dosing of vancomycin and its effect on outcomes has not been examined."	( Emergency Department vancomycin use: dosing practices and associated outcomes. Fuller, BM; McCammon, C; Mohr, N; Mueller, K; Skrupky, L, 2013)	0.98
"To describe current vancomycin dosing practices for ED patients, focusing on patient factors associated with administration, dosing accuracy based on patient body weight, and clinical outcomes."	( Emergency Department vancomycin use: dosing practices and associated outcomes. Fuller, BM; McCammon, C; Mohr, N; Mueller, K; Skrupky, L, 2013)	1.03
" Dosing outside the recommended range was frequent, and especially prevalent in patients with a higher body weight."	( Emergency Department vancomycin use: dosing practices and associated outcomes. Fuller, BM; McCammon, C; Mohr, N; Mueller, K; Skrupky, L, 2013)	0.71
" Despite the efficacy of antibiotic cement spacers in the treatment of infected total knee arthroplasty, questions remain regarding the dosing of the antibiotic cement."	( Articulating spacers for the treatment of infected total knee arthroplasty: effect of antibiotic combinations and concentrations. Bernasek, TL; Gustke, KA; Lyons, ST; Nettrour, JF; Polikandriotis, JA, 2013)	0.39
" Dose-response data were analyzed by a maximum effect (E(max)) model using nonlinear regression."	( Inoculum effects of ceftobiprole, daptomycin, linezolid, and vancomycin with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae at inocula of 10(5) and 10(7) CFU injected into opposite thighs of neutropenic mice. Andes, DR; Craig, WA; Lee, DG; Murakami, Y, 2013)	0.63
" Previous studies have suggested a loading dose of 15 mg/kg followed by continuous infusion of 30 mg/kg in patients with normal renal function; however, there are no dosing recommendations in patients with renal failure undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)."	( Continuous infusion of vancomycin in septic patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy. Abdelhadii, A; Beumier, M; Covajes, C; de Backer, D; Jacobs, F; Ocampos-Martinez, E; Penaccini, L; Scolletta, S; Taccone, FS; Vincent, JL, 2013)	0.7
"Given the lack of clinical data to guide optimal dosing of vancomycin in critically ill patients with life-threatening infections, the objective was to characterise vancomycin pharmacodynamics in MRSA-associated septic shock."	( Vancomycin pharmacodynamics and survival in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-associated septic shock. Ariano, R; Dodek, P; Iacovides, H; Kumar, A; Mirzanejad, Y; Rubinstein, E; Zelenitsky, S, 2013)	2.08
" Depending on age, serum creatinine and MIC distribution, vancomycin in a dosage of 60 to 70 mg/kg/day was necessary to achieve AUC/MIC ≥ 400 in 75% of patients."	( Improved vancomycin dosing in children using area under the curve exposure. Bradley, JS; Bui, I; Capparelli, EV; Cho, S; Le, J; Murray, W; Natale, S; Nguyen, N; Romanowski, GL; Tran, TM; Tran, TT, 2013)	1.05
" Adult patients whose VCM dosage was not altered according to initial C min and for whom subsequent follow-up TDM was performed within 1 week were entered into the study."	( Preferable timing of therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with impaired renal function treated with once-daily administration of vancomycin. Ikeuchi, H; Ishihara, M; Nakajima, K; Takahashi, Y; Takesue, Y; Takubo, S; Tsuchida, T; Uchino, M, 2013)	0.59
"Pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics and optimal dosing of vancomycin in obese children is not known."	( Prospective evaluation of the dosing regimen of vancomycin in children of different weight categories. Gefen, A; Hadad, S; Kassis, I; Krivoy, N; Mashiach, T; Nassar, L; Shachor-Meyouhas, Y, 2012)	0.87
" There is few literature on this dosage regimen."	( [Continuous infusion of vancomycin in pediatric critical care]. Centeno, M; Chicco, P; Filippini, S; Ruvinsky, S; Vega, L; Zylbersztajn, BL, )	0.44
" However, data are currently lacking regarding the effect of guideline-recommended weight-based dosing on nephrotoxicity in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (MRSAB)."	( Empiric guideline-recommended weight-based vancomycin dosing and nephrotoxicity rates in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a retrospective cohort study. Alvarez, CA; Bedimo, RJ; Bell, T; Brouse, SD; Forcade, NA; Frei, CR; Giuliano, CA; Haase, KK; Hall, RG; Hazlewood, KA, 2013)	0.65
" Similar rates of nephrotoxicity were observed regardless of the receipt of guideline-recommended dosing (22% vs."	( Empiric guideline-recommended weight-based vancomycin dosing and nephrotoxicity rates in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a retrospective cohort study. Alvarez, CA; Bedimo, RJ; Bell, T; Brouse, SD; Forcade, NA; Frei, CR; Giuliano, CA; Haase, KK; Hall, RG; Hazlewood, KA, 2013)	0.65
" Current strategies for dosing vancomycin may lead to subtherapeutic trough concentrations."	( Vancomycin clearance in high-volume venovenous hemofiltration. Connor, MJ; Davis, GA; Harned, KC; Paciullo, CA; Winstead, PS, 2013)	2.12
" The aim of this retrospective study of ICU patients receiving vancomycin was to determine the efficacy of a vancomycin dosing protocol using a weight-based loading dose and to identify factors associated with inadequate concentrations."	( Factors associated with inadequate early vancomycin levels in critically ill patients treated with continuous infusion. Bourgeois, M; Danneels, I; De Waele, JJ; Decruyenaere, J; Depuydt, P; Hoste, E, 2013)	0.9
"To build a population pharmacokinetic model for Chinese adult patients and develop initial dosage regimens for patients with different degrees of renal function to achieve target steady-state trough concentrations in the range of 10 - 15 and 15 - 20 mg/l."	( Initial dosage regimens of vancomycin for Chinese adult patients based on population pharmacokinetic analysis. Cheng, D; Deng, C; Liu, T; Lu, H; Lu, W; Zhong, X; Zhou, T, 2013)	0.69
" Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to develop initial dosage regimens to achieve target trough concentrations."	( Initial dosage regimens of vancomycin for Chinese adult patients based on population pharmacokinetic analysis. Cheng, D; Deng, C; Liu, T; Lu, H; Lu, W; Zhong, X; Zhou, T, 2013)	0.69
" Initial dosage regimens were developed based on the simulations of the population pharmacokinetic model."	( Initial dosage regimens of vancomycin for Chinese adult patients based on population pharmacokinetic analysis. Cheng, D; Deng, C; Liu, T; Lu, H; Lu, W; Zhong, X; Zhou, T, 2013)	0.69
" Initial dosage regimens for vancomycin were proposed to provide some help to individual therapy for Chinese adult patients with different renal functions."	( Initial dosage regimens of vancomycin for Chinese adult patients based on population pharmacokinetic analysis. Cheng, D; Deng, C; Liu, T; Lu, H; Lu, W; Zhong, X; Zhou, T, 2013)	0.98
"Our aim was to determine if two community teaching Emergency Departments followed the new recommendations for a weight-based dosing regimen for vancomycin."	( Prescribing habits of vancomycin in the Emergency Department: are we dosing appropriately? Grovola, MR; Jasani, NB; Levine, BJ; Rosini, JM, 2013)	0.91
"Our Emergency Department is inappropriately dosing vancomycin in the majority of patients."	( Prescribing habits of vancomycin in the Emergency Department: are we dosing appropriately? Grovola, MR; Jasani, NB; Levine, BJ; Rosini, JM, 2013)	0.96
" Older adults were less likely to have optimal vancomycin dosing and initial trough levels than younger patients."	( Comparative epidemiology of bacteremia due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus between older and younger adults: a propensity score analysis. Kaye, KS; Kullar, R; Rybak, MJ, 2013)	0.65
"A total of 113 patients received vancomycin for at least 48 hours The high-trough cohort (H group [57 patients]) received vancomycin therapy between November 2008 and June 2009 for pneumonia, bacteremia, or meningitis that was managed by a clinical pharmacist who directed dosage adjustments driven by a novel algorithm to attain a target Vt concentration of 15-20 μg/ml or greater; the control group (C group [56 patients]) received vancomycin therapy during the preceding 10 months (between January and October 2008) for pneumonia or meningitis using standard dosing guidelines with lower target Vt concentrations of 5-15 μg/ml."	( Nephrotoxicity in patients with vancomycin trough concentrations of 15-20 μg/ml in a pediatric intensive care unit. Cies, JJ; Shankar, V, 2013)	0.95
" All patients received vancomycin dosing according to the local protocol, which included a weight-based loading dose followed by continuous infusion."	( Can population pharmacokinetic modelling guide vancomycin dosing during continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients? Covajes, C; Jacobs, F; Lipman, J; Roberts, JA; Taccone, FS; Udy, AA; Vincent, JL, 2013)	0.96
" Both patients had multiple vancomycin trough concentrations determined using the Beckman Coulter PETINIA method and had measured concentrations reported as less than 4 mg/L despite appropriate vancomycin dosing for their size, age, and organ function."	( Two suspected cases of immunoglobulin-mediated interference causing falsely low vancomycin concentrations with the Beckman PETINIA method. Gray, M; Gunther, M; Legatt, D; Saxinger, L, 2013)	0.91
" That is, an increased vancomycin dosage would be needed in patients with a higher SIRS score to maintain the therapeutic target concentration, in particular in those with a high eCcr value."	( Systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria and vancomycin dose requirement in patients with sepsis. Fukuda, T; Komori, K; Sadamitsu, D; Shimamoto, Y; Tanaka, K, 2013)	0.95
" Further studies are needed to optimize dosing of vancomycin powder, assess long-term safety and efficacy, and evaluate use in other spinal operations."	( Lumbar laminectomy and fusion with routine local application of vancomycin powder: decreased infection rate in instrumented and non-instrumented cases. Frempong-Boadu, AK; Kalhorn, SP; Pacione, D; Strom, RG, 2013)	0.88
" aureus (VSSA) JKD6009 to simulated human vancomycin dosing regimens (500 mg to 4,000 mg every 12 h) using a 10-day hollow fiber infection model."	( Decreased vancomycin susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus caused by IS256 tempering of WalKR expression. Doig, K; Gao, W; Howden, BP; McEvoy, CR; Ngo, D; Porter, JL; Seemann, T; Stinear, TP; Tsuji, B, 2013)	1.06
" Linezolid was given intravenously (IV) at a dosage of 600 mg q12h and vancomycin IV at 500 mg q6h."	( Vancomycin versus linezolid in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus meningitis. Arda, B; Aydemir, S; Bardak-Ozcem, S; Dalbasti, T; Pullukcu, H; Ruksen, M; Sipahi, H; Sipahi, OR; Turhan, T; Ulusoy, S; Yurtseven, T; Zileli, M, 2013)	2.07
"The novel antibiotic MBX-500, dosed at 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg twice daily for 7 days, was evaluated for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in the gnotobiotic pig model."	( MBX-500 is effective for treatment of Clostridium difficile infection in gnotobiotic piglets. Beamer, G; Bowlin, T; Butler, M; Steele, J; Tzipori, S; Zhang, Q, 2013)	0.39
"The physical compatibility of vancomycin and piperacillin sodium-tazobactam at dosing concentrations commonly administered during prolonged infusions was studied."	( Physical compatibility of vancomycin and piperacillin sodium-tazobactam at concentrations typically used during prolonged infusions. Leung, E; Ly, SC; Scheetz, MH; Venkatesan, N, 2013)	0.98
"To compare vancomycin trough concentrations in overweight or obese pediatric patients to those with normal body habitus, after initial dosing based on total body weight (TBW)."	( Vancomycin trough concentrations in overweight or obese pediatric patients. Heble, DE; Hunstad, DA; McPherson, C; Nelson, MP, 2013)	2.22
"Empiric vancomycin dosing was based on TBW and guided by an age-stratified dosing algorithm previously developed at our center."	( Vancomycin trough concentrations in overweight or obese pediatric patients. Heble, DE; Hunstad, DA; McPherson, C; Nelson, MP, 2013)	2.27
"Overweight and obese pediatric patients may have elevated initial vancomycin trough concentrations when empiric dosing is based on TBW."	( Vancomycin trough concentrations in overweight or obese pediatric patients. Heble, DE; Hunstad, DA; McPherson, C; Nelson, MP, 2013)	2.07
"Despite its frequent use, the optimal dosing regimen of intravenous vancomycin remains controversial."	( A randomized controlled trial of a vancomycin loading dose in children. Arnold, A; Demirjian, A; Finkelstein, Y; Harper, MB; Jones, S; Monuteaux, M; Nava-Ocampo, A; Patterson, A; Sandora, TJ, 2013)	0.9
" Pharmacodynamic studies are needed to establish an optimal vancomycin dosing regimen for the treatment of pediatric exacerbations of cystic fibrosis."	( Population pharmacokinetics of intermittent vancomycin in children with cystic fibrosis. Ampofo, K; Lubsch, L; Noyes, BE; Olson, J; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, MG; Stockmann, C; Young, DC; Zobell, JT, 2013)	0.89
"To compare and contrast the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic foundations of traditional "peak-trough" vancomycin dosing methods versus newer "area under the curve" (AUC) strategies."	( AUC versus peak-trough dosing of vancomycin: applying new pharmacokinetic paradigms to an old drug. Brown, DL; Lalla, CD; Masselink, AJ, 2013)	0.89
"Peak-trough vancomycin dosing is designed to achieve a Cpeak of 20-40 mg/L and a Ctrough of 10-15 or 15-20 mg/L, depending on the severity of the infection and the nature of the pathogen."	( AUC versus peak-trough dosing of vancomycin: applying new pharmacokinetic paradigms to an old drug. Brown, DL; Lalla, CD; Masselink, AJ, 2013)	1.05
"An understanding of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles, including the relevance of AUC in relation to MIC, enables clinicians to make the best use of vancomycin dosing options."	( AUC versus peak-trough dosing of vancomycin: applying new pharmacokinetic paradigms to an old drug. Brown, DL; Lalla, CD; Masselink, AJ, 2013)	0.87
" Vancomycin dosing strategies in pediatric patients should consider age and weight as well as renal function and indication."	( The effect of age and weight on vancomycin serum trough concentrations in pediatric patients. Banerjee, R; Graner, KK; Madigan, T; Sieve, RM, 2013)	1.58
" Further pharmacodynamic studies are needed to establish the optimal dosing regimen for amikacin in paediatric burn patients."	( Amikacin population pharmacokinetics among paediatric burn patients. Healy, D; Kagan, R; Neely, A; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, MG; Stockmann, C; Wead, S, 2014)	0.4
"To describe the implementation of vancomycin dosing and monitoring practices recommended by the consensus guidelines in a diverse sample of hospitals, and to identify needs for quality improvement and research."	( Adherence to the 2009 consensus guidelines for vancomycin dosing and monitoring practices: a cross-sectional survey of U.S. hospitals. Bosso, JA; Davis, SL; Goff, DA; Rybak, MJ; Scheetz, MH, 2013)	0.93
" Automatic consultation of pharmacy services for all vancomycin dosing was reported in 51% of the institutions."	( Adherence to the 2009 consensus guidelines for vancomycin dosing and monitoring practices: a cross-sectional survey of U.S. hospitals. Bosso, JA; Davis, SL; Goff, DA; Rybak, MJ; Scheetz, MH, 2013)	0.9
"Despite the availability of consensus guideline recommendations, practices for dosing and monitoring of vancomycin are not universally applied."	( Adherence to the 2009 consensus guidelines for vancomycin dosing and monitoring practices: a cross-sectional survey of U.S. hospitals. Bosso, JA; Davis, SL; Goff, DA; Rybak, MJ; Scheetz, MH, 2013)	0.86
" Clinicians should be mindful that standard dosing of these agents may not achieve typical target concentrations in this clinical scenario."	( Augmented renal clearance of vancomycin and levetiracetam in a traumatic brain injury patient. Arora, S; Cook, AM; Davis, J; Pittman, T, 2013)	0.68
" Only clarithromycin and the combination clarithromycin-rifampin were predicted to achieve concentrations in bronchoalveolar cells and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid above the MPC for the entire dosing interval."	( Mutant prevention concentration and mutant selection window for 10 antimicrobial agents against Rhodococcus equi. Berghaus, LJ; Giguère, S; Guldbech, K, 2013)	0.39
" The mean vancomycin AUC(0-24) obtained with a 30 mg/kg/day dosing schedule was calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation over 5000 subjects, using the pharmacokinetic data obtained in vancomycin-treated patients in our hospital."	( Determining accurate vancomycin MIC values for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by the microdilution method. Aznar, J; Domínguez-Herrera, J; Lepe, JA; Pachón, J, 2014)	1.12
" Further, large-scale studies are needed to determine the most appropriate dosing of vancomycin in children."	( Vancomycin dosing in children: what is the question? Cole, TS; Riordan, A, 2013)	2.06
" To improve treatment outcomes for MRSA, a better understanding of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters of vancomycin is required to develop optimal dosing strategies, particularly in elderly patients (≥75 years of age) with limited renal function."	( Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin in elderly patients aged 75 years or older with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus hospital-acquired pneumonia. Furuta, K; Mizokami, F; Mizuno, T; Noro, T; Shibasaki, M; Yoshizue, Y, 2013)	0.92
" Because there are physiologic, pharmacologic, and dosing differences related to weight, it is important to evaluate the impact of weight on antimicrobial agents to optimize clinical outcomes."	( Impact of weight on treatment efficacy and safety in complicated skin and skin structure infections and nosocomial pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Barreto, JN; Huang, DB; Morrow, LE; Puzniak, LA, 2013)	0.39
"We analyzed data from 2 clinical trials of patients randomized to receive a fixed dose of linezolid or weight-based dosing of vancomycin for the treatment of cSSSIs or NP caused by MRSA."	( Impact of weight on treatment efficacy and safety in complicated skin and skin structure infections and nosocomial pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Barreto, JN; Huang, DB; Morrow, LE; Puzniak, LA, 2013)	0.6
" Among patients with cSSSIs, clinical success rates at the study end with fixed-dose linezolid were similar across all weight quartiles and similar to weight-based dosing of vancomycin for Q1-3."	( Impact of weight on treatment efficacy and safety in complicated skin and skin structure infections and nosocomial pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Barreto, JN; Huang, DB; Morrow, LE; Puzniak, LA, 2013)	0.58
"Except for Q4 within the vancomycin-treated patients for MRSA cSSSI, the efficacy of fixed-dosed linezolid and weight-based dosing of vancomycin was maintained across all weight quartiles and MRSA infection types."	( Impact of weight on treatment efficacy and safety in complicated skin and skin structure infections and nosocomial pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Barreto, JN; Huang, DB; Morrow, LE; Puzniak, LA, 2013)	0.69
"To compare the likelihood of alternative vancomycin dosing strategies based on weight, height, or body surface area (BSA) in achieving isometric vancomycin area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) values across the body size distribution of children and young adults."	( Vancomycin dosing in children and young adults: back to the drawing board. Camaione, L; Elliott, K; Lomaestro, B; Mitchell-Van Steele, A; Pai, MP, 2013)	2.1
"Vancomycin dosing and concentration-time information along with demographic and laboratory data related to kidney function estimation were extracted from the patients' medical records."	( Vancomycin dosing in children and young adults: back to the drawing board. Camaione, L; Elliott, K; Lomaestro, B; Mitchell-Van Steele, A; Pai, MP, 2013)	3.28
"BSA-based dosing is more likely than weight-based (mg/kg) dosing of vancomycin to achieve isometric AUC24 values across the body size distribution of children and young adults."	( Vancomycin dosing in children and young adults: back to the drawing board. Camaione, L; Elliott, K; Lomaestro, B; Mitchell-Van Steele, A; Pai, MP, 2013)	2.07
"An amikacin maturation model can precisely reflect maturation of glomerular filtration and thus predict the dosage regimens of other renally excreted drugs by glomerular filtration in neonates."	( Amikacin maturation model as a marker of renal maturation to predict glomerular filtration rate and vancomycin clearance in neonates. Biran, V; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Zhao, W, 2013)	0.61
" Increasing the intravenous dosage or frequency carries the risk of systemic adverse reactions or infections in other parts of the body."	( Preliminary exploration of the development of a collagenous artificial dura mater for sustained antibiotic release. Dong, H; Kang, CG; Lin, C; Wang, H; Ye, X; Zhao, YL, 2013)	0.39
"These data suggest that vancomycin is minimally nephrotoxic and has a similar nephrotoxic profile as compared with linezolid when appropriate dosing is used, even among critically ill patients with complex infections."	( Vancomycin and nephrotoxicity: just another myth? Davies, SW; Guidry, CA; Hranjec, T; Petroze, RT; Sawyer, RG, 2013)	2.14
"The current vancomycin therapeutic guidelines recommend the use of only trough concentrations to manage the dosing of adults with Staphylococcus aureus infections."	( Are vancomycin trough concentrations adequate for optimal dosing? Drusano, GL; Jelliffe, RW; Jones, B; Lodise, TP; Neely, MN; Rodvold, KA; Youn, G, 2014)	1.34
"Current guidelines for the empiric treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) recommend that vancomycin is dosed 15 mg/kg and administered twice daily for a target trough level of 15 to 20 μg/mL."	( Vancomycin intermittent dosing versus continuous infusion for treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma patients. Christmas, AB; Heniford, BT; Norton, HJ; Schmelzer, TM; Sing, RF, 2013)	2.05
" Experimental agent trials commonly investigated new formulations, dosing regimen optimisation and combination therapy, which were less likely to be in phase 2 or 3 (25% vs."	( Evolution of interventional vancomycin trials in light of new antibiotic development in the USA, 1999-2012. Balch, AH; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, MG; Stockmann, C; Yu, T, 2014)	0.7
" Vancomycin serum concentrations were drawn before the third dose after initiation and after any dosing change."	( Performance of a divided-load intravenous vancomycin dosing strategy for critically ill patients. Denetclaw, TH; Dowling, TC; Steinke, D, 2013)	1.56
" Ten of 79 patients (8 dialysis dependent and 2 experiencing acute kidney injury) were dosed in response to measured serum drug concentrations drawn according to the divided-load protocol."	( Performance of a divided-load intravenous vancomycin dosing strategy for critically ill patients. Denetclaw, TH; Dowling, TC; Steinke, D, 2013)	0.65
"The divided-load vancomycin dosing strategy achieved measured trough concentrations 15 to 20 µg/mL for most critically ill patients within 24 hours of initial dosing, without allowing doses given during supratherapeutic concentrations."	( Performance of a divided-load intravenous vancomycin dosing strategy for critically ill patients. Denetclaw, TH; Dowling, TC; Steinke, D, 2013)	0.99
" The formulation developed is characterized by an easier and a less painful administration with respect to traditional gauzes and semisolid preparations and permits the loading in the same dosage form of active substances of different nature avoiding eventual incompatibility problems."	( Calcium alginate particles for the combined delivery of platelet lysate and vancomycin hydrochloride in chronic skin ulcers. Bonferoni, MC; Caramella, C; Del Fante, C; Ferrari, F; Mori, M; Perotti, C; Riva, F; Rossi, S; Sandri, G, 2014)	0.63
" We reviewed the literature to assess the evidence for vancomycin dosing regimens for continuous infusion in neonates."	( Neonatal vancomycin continuous infusion: still a confusion? Bryant, PA; Coghlan, B; Cranswick, N; Curtis, N; Daley, AJ; Gwee, A; Metz, D, 2014)	1.07
"Medline and Embase were searched for studies about continuous vancomycin dosing regimens in neonates that reported serum drug concentrations."	( Neonatal vancomycin continuous infusion: still a confusion? Bryant, PA; Coghlan, B; Cranswick, N; Curtis, N; Daley, AJ; Gwee, A; Metz, D, 2014)	1.06
" Only 1 study compared intermittent to continuous infusions, reporting higher attainment of target concentrations with continuous dosing (82% vs."	( Neonatal vancomycin continuous infusion: still a confusion? Bryant, PA; Coghlan, B; Cranswick, N; Curtis, N; Daley, AJ; Gwee, A; Metz, D, 2014)	0.82
" This study aimed to assess the dosage guidelines targeting vancomycin trough concentrations of 15-20 mg/L."	( Assessment of therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin in elderly patients according to new guidelines. Choi, HJ; Chung, WS; Hong, KS; Kong, KA; Lee, EJ; Lee, M; Oh, SJ, 2014)	0.9
" The current study evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of vancomycin and explored its optimal dosing regimens by modeling and simulation."	( Exploration of optimal dosing regimens of vancomycin in patients infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by modeling and simulation. Chong, YP; Jung, JA; Kim, YS; Lim, HS; Noh, YH, 2014)	0.89
" PK and PD models were built from each data set, and simulation for MRSA titre changes over time in human body was performed for various vancomycin dosing regimens using NONMEM(®) ."	( Exploration of optimal dosing regimens of vancomycin in patients infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by modeling and simulation. Chong, YP; Jung, JA; Kim, YS; Lim, HS; Noh, YH, 2014)	0.87
" The PK/PD model predicted clear dose-response relationships of vancomycin."	( Exploration of optimal dosing regimens of vancomycin in patients infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by modeling and simulation. Chong, YP; Jung, JA; Kim, YS; Lim, HS; Noh, YH, 2014)	0.91
" A vancomycin dosage of 60 mg/kg/d is inadequate for pediatric oncology patients >12 years."	( Clinical evaluation of vancomycin dosage in pediatric oncology patients. Bijleveld, YA; Kemper, EM; Mathôt, RA; Pajkrt, D; Sanders, SJ; Sinkeler, F; van de Wetering, M; van Eijkelenburg, NK, 2014)	1.33
"We aimed to evaluate a dosing algorithm for continuous vancomycin administration in intensive care unit patients."	( Evaluation of a dosing regimen for continuous vancomycin infusion in critically ill patients: an observational study in intensive care unit patients. Gramm, C; Huber, W; Lahmer, T; Meidert, AS; Messer, M; Saugel, B; Schmid, RM; Wagner, JY, 2014)	0.91
"The evaluated vancomycin dosing regimen for continuous infusion allowed rapid achievement of sufficient vancomycin serum levels."	( Evaluation of a dosing regimen for continuous vancomycin infusion in critically ill patients: an observational study in intensive care unit patients. Gramm, C; Huber, W; Lahmer, T; Meidert, AS; Messer, M; Saugel, B; Schmid, RM; Wagner, JY, 2014)	1.02
" Large, randomized, prospective trials are needed to demonstrate causation and dose-response relationship."	( Intraoperative vancomycin use in spinal surgery: single institution experience and microbial trends. Andrews, E; Chitale, A; Ghobrial, GM; Harrop, JS; Heller, J; Jallo, J; Lang, M; Maulucci, CM; Oppenlander, ME; Prasad, S; Sharan, AD; Thakkar, V, 2014)	0.76
"This study was undertaken to identify a preferred dosing strategy for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting or valve replacement procedures with cardiopulmonary bypass."	( Weight-based versus set dosing of vancomycin for coronary artery bypass grafting or aortic valve surgery. Barber, GR; Cleveland, JC; Fish, DN; Hafermann, MJ; Kiser, TH; Lyda, C; Wempe, MF, 2014)	0.68
"Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, valve replacement surgery, or both were randomly assigned to receive either standard 1-g dosing with vancomycin before and after cardiopulmonary bypass or a single weight-based 20-mg/kg dose before surgery."	( Weight-based versus set dosing of vancomycin for coronary artery bypass grafting or aortic valve surgery. Barber, GR; Cleveland, JC; Fish, DN; Hafermann, MJ; Kiser, TH; Lyda, C; Wempe, MF, 2014)	0.88
"Baseline characteristics were similar between the study dosing group (n = 10) and the standard dosing group (n = 10)."	( Weight-based versus set dosing of vancomycin for coronary artery bypass grafting or aortic valve surgery. Barber, GR; Cleveland, JC; Fish, DN; Hafermann, MJ; Kiser, TH; Lyda, C; Wempe, MF, 2014)	0.68
"Weight-based vancomycin dosing before coronary artery bypass grafting or valve replacement results in vancomycin concentrations greater than 15 μg/mL consistently more than does standard 1-g dosing."	( Weight-based versus set dosing of vancomycin for coronary artery bypass grafting or aortic valve surgery. Barber, GR; Cleveland, JC; Fish, DN; Hafermann, MJ; Kiser, TH; Lyda, C; Wempe, MF, 2014)	1.05
" Trough vancomycin concentration over the threshold was the only risk factor of nephrotoxicity among demographic factors, dosing regimen, and other clinical conditions in this study."	( Trough concentration over 12.1 mg/L is a major risk factor of vancomycin-related nephrotoxicity in patients with therapeutic drug monitoring. An, H; Cho, SH; Han, HK; Jang, IJ; Kang, HR; Kim, JH; Lee, SH; Lim, KS; Shin, D; Shin, KH; Yu, KS, 2014)	1.08
"The purpose of this study was to determine the best estimate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to adjust vancomycin (VAN) dosage in critically ill patients."	( Estimation of glomerular filtration rate to adjust vancomycin dosage in critically ill patients: superiority of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation? Breden, A; Conil, JM; Cougot, P; Fourcade, O; Georges, B; Ruiz, S; Saivin, S, 2014)	0.87
"The clinical outcomes of gram-positive and culture-negative peritonitis episodes are not associated with either the frequency or levels of serum vancomycin measurements in the first week of treatment when vancomycin is dosed according to International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) Guidelines."	( The role of monitoring vancomycin levels in patients with peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis. Badve, SV; Cho, Y; Hawley, CM; Johnson, DW; Mudge, DW; Stevenson, S; Tang, W, )	0.64
"Different serum creatinine (sCr) assays may obtain different values in the same patient, causing discrepancies in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and sCr-based vancomycin dosing calculations."	( Implications of serum creatinine measurements on GFR estimation and vancomycin dosing in children. Adeli, K; Colantonio, DA; Helldén, A; Koren, G; Neuman, G; Nulman, I, 2014)	0.83
"Variability in neonatal vancomycin pharmacokinetics and the lack of consensus for optimal trough concentrations in neonatal intensive care units pose challenges to dosing vancomycin in neonates."	( Determination of vancomycin pharmacokinetics in neonates to develop practical initial dosing recommendations. Allen, VG; Dunn, MS; Elligsen, M; Iaboni, DC; Kim, J; Simor, A; Walker, SA; Walker, SE, 2014)	1.05
"To compare GFR estimates using the Bedside CKiD and Schwartz equations and determine if either offers sufficient vancomycin dosing guidance in hospitalized pediatric patients."	( Glomerular filtration rate equations do not accurately predict vancomycin trough concentrations in pediatric patients. Alford, EL; Ault, BH; Chhim, RF; Crill, CM; Hastings, MC; Shelton, CM, 2014)	0.85
" Better GFR estimation methods are needed in pediatrics to aid appropriate dosing of renally eliminated medications."	( Glomerular filtration rate equations do not accurately predict vancomycin trough concentrations in pediatric patients. Alford, EL; Ault, BH; Chhim, RF; Crill, CM; Hastings, MC; Shelton, CM, 2014)	0.64
" As pediatric data are limited, our aim was to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in order to define the appropriate dosing regimen in children with malignant hematological disease."	( Population pharmacokinetics and dosing optimization of vancomycin in children with malignant hematological disease. Baruchel, A; Duquesne, F; Fahd, M; Fakhoury, M; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Storme, T; Zhang, D; Zhao, W, 2014)	0.87
"To describe the effect of different renal replacement therapy modalities and settings on the clearance of meropenem, piperacillin, and vancomycin in critically ill patients and to evaluate the frequency with which current dosing regimens achieve therapeutic concentrations."	( The impact of variation in renal replacement therapy settings on piperacillin, meropenem, and vancomycin drug clearance in the critically ill: an analysis of published literature and dosing regimens*. Jamal, JA; Lipman, J; Roberts, JA; Udy, AA, 2014)	0.82
" Current dosing regimens achieved target concentrations for meropenem (89%), piperacillin (83%), and vancomycin (60%) against susceptible pathogens."	( The impact of variation in renal replacement therapy settings on piperacillin, meropenem, and vancomycin drug clearance in the critically ill: an analysis of published literature and dosing regimens*. Jamal, JA; Lipman, J; Roberts, JA; Udy, AA, 2014)	0.84
" Higher dosing regimens maybe required in critically ill patients receiving renal replacement therapy, in the presence of high effluent flow rates and/or the presence of poorly susceptible pathogens, particularly for vancomycin."	( The impact of variation in renal replacement therapy settings on piperacillin, meropenem, and vancomycin drug clearance in the critically ill: an analysis of published literature and dosing regimens*. Jamal, JA; Lipman, J; Roberts, JA; Udy, AA, 2014)	0.81
" Trough serum vancomycin concentrations of 15 - 20 mg/L for intermittent dosing and plateau serum vancomycin concentrations of 20 - 25 mg/L for continuous infusions are therefore currently recommended."	( Vancomycin: the tale of the vanquisher and the pyrrhic victory. De Vriese, AS; Vandecasteele, SJ, )	1.93
" Based on the results, this was changed to a dosing of 15 mg/kg every 12 hours in the second phase and then further modified to 20 mg/kg every 8 hours in the third phase."	( Transplacental passage of vancomycin from mother to neonate. Brown, MS; Hennessy, MD; Howard, BC; Onwuchuruba, CN; Towers, CV; Wolfe, L, 2014)	0.7
"Existing data are not consistently supportive of improved clinical outcome when vancomycin dosing regimens aimed at achieving target trough levels are used."	( Effect of vancomycin serum trough levels on outcomes in patients with nosocomial pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus: a retrospective, post hoc, subgroup analysis of the Phase 3 ATTAIN studies. Barriere, SL; Corey, GR; Genter, FC; Rubinstein, E; Stryjewski, ME, 2014)	1.03
" In addition to this overuse there is a huge variability in the choice of antibacterial agents and dosing regimens used in NICUs across the world."	( How to optimize the evaluation and use of antibiotics in neonates. van den Anker, JN, 2014)	0.4
"The intent of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of commonly used intravenous (iv) vancomycin dosing schemes in patients on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) using population pharmacokinetic (PK) modelling and Monte Carlo simulation."	( Evaluation of the pharmacodynamic profile of commonly used intravenous vancomycin dosing schemes in patients on automated peritoneal dialysis. Batzold, A; Cardone, KE; Chen, WZ; Grabe, DW; Lodise, TP; Manley, HJ, 2014)	0.85
" Monte Carlo simulation was used to determine the probability of achieving an AUC/MIC ratio of >400 in both the serum and the peritoneal cavity for a variety of iv vancomycin dosing schemes (1-2 g every 24-48 h)."	( Evaluation of the pharmacodynamic profile of commonly used intravenous vancomycin dosing schemes in patients on automated peritoneal dialysis. Batzold, A; Cardone, KE; Chen, WZ; Grabe, DW; Lodise, TP; Manley, HJ, 2014)	0.83
" However, this dosing regimen resulted in average trough concentrations >20 mg/L."	( Evaluation of the pharmacodynamic profile of commonly used intravenous vancomycin dosing schemes in patients on automated peritoneal dialysis. Batzold, A; Cardone, KE; Chen, WZ; Grabe, DW; Lodise, TP; Manley, HJ, 2014)	0.64
"Previous studies were conducted in all hospitalized patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia to determine safety and effectiveness of guideline-recommended, weight-based dosing of vancomycin."	( Empiric weight-based vancomycin in intensive care unit patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Alvarez, CA; Bedimo, RJ; Bell, T; Brouse, SD; Forcade, NA; Frei, CR; Giuliano, CA; Haase, KK; Hall, RG; Mortensen, EM; Thompson, KA; Toups, NM, 2014)	0.91
" The incidence of nephrotoxicity and in-hospital mortality was compared in patients who received guideline-recommended dosing (at least 15 mg/kg per dose) to patients who received non-guideline-recommended dosing of vancomycin."	( Empiric weight-based vancomycin in intensive care unit patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Alvarez, CA; Bedimo, RJ; Bell, T; Brouse, SD; Forcade, NA; Frei, CR; Giuliano, CA; Haase, KK; Hall, RG; Mortensen, EM; Thompson, KA; Toups, NM, 2014)	0.91
"Guideline-recommended dosing was received by 34% of patients (n = 137)."	( Empiric weight-based vancomycin in intensive care unit patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Alvarez, CA; Bedimo, RJ; Bell, T; Brouse, SD; Forcade, NA; Frei, CR; Giuliano, CA; Haase, KK; Hall, RG; Mortensen, EM; Thompson, KA; Toups, NM, 2014)	0.72
"Guideline-recommended dosing of vancomycin in ICU patients with MRSA bacteremia is not significantly associated with nephrotoxicity or in-hospital mortality."	( Empiric weight-based vancomycin in intensive care unit patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Alvarez, CA; Bedimo, RJ; Bell, T; Brouse, SD; Forcade, NA; Frei, CR; Giuliano, CA; Haase, KK; Hall, RG; Mortensen, EM; Thompson, KA; Toups, NM, 2014)	1
" Our goals were to determine the incidence and associated factors of augmented renal clearance and the effects on vancomycin concentrations and dosing in a series of intensive care unit patients."	( [Augmented renal clearance in critically ill patients: incidence, associated factors and effects on vancomycin treatment]. Benites, MH; Campassi, ML; Dubin, A; Estenssoro, E; Gonzalez, MC; Masevicius, FD; Moseinco, M; Navarro, NC; Previgliano, L; Rubatto, NP; Vazquez, AR, )	0.56
" In patients treated with vancomycin, dosage and plasma concentrations were registered."	( [Augmented renal clearance in critically ill patients: incidence, associated factors and effects on vancomycin treatment]. Benites, MH; Campassi, ML; Dubin, A; Estenssoro, E; Gonzalez, MC; Masevicius, FD; Moseinco, M; Navarro, NC; Previgliano, L; Rubatto, NP; Vazquez, AR, )	0.65
" Two of 3 children with a staphylococcal CSF infection had CSF concentrations greater than minimal inhibitory concentration at the end of the dosing interval."	( Vancomycin cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics in children with cerebral ventricular shunt infections. Autmizguine, J; Benjamin, DK; Capparelli, EV; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gonzalez, D; Grant, GA; Moran, C; Smith, PB; Watt, KM, 2014)	1.85
" Our vancomycin dosing regimen was based on the patients' total body weight adjusted for renal clearance."	( Generic vancomycin products: Analysis of serum concentrations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Boulin, M; Caillot, D; Chavanet, P; Chrétien, ML; Croisier-Bertin, D; Fagnoni, P; Guerard, P; Guignard, MH; Malbranche, C; Monnier, A; Serge Aho, L; Sgro, C, 2014)	1.35
"Based on an integrated analysis of gentamicin, tobramycin and vancomycin, a semi-physiological function for GFR mediated clearance was derived that can potentially be used to establish evidence based dosing regimens of renally excreted drugs in children."	( Simultaneous pharmacokinetic modeling of gentamicin, tobramycin and vancomycin clearance from neonates to adults: towards a semi-physiological function for maturation in glomerular filtration. Allegaert, K; Brussee, JM; Danhof, M; De Cock, RF; de Hoog, M; Knibbe, CA; Mulla, H; Sherwin, CM; van den Anker, JN, 2014)	0.88
"This study aimed to describe the population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in critically ill patients with refractory septic shock undergoing continuous venovenous high-volume haemofiltration (HVHF) and to define appropriate dosing for these patients."	( Population pharmacokinetics and dose simulation of vancomycin in critically ill patients during high-volume haemofiltration. Andresen, M; Bórquez, T; Downey, P; Escobar, L; Gai, MN; Lipman, J; Regueira, T; Roberts, JA, 2014)	0.89
"We performed a retrospective analysis of vancomycin concentrations among preterm VLBW neonates before (2007-2010) and after (2010-2013) implementation of a new vancomycin dosing protocol consisting of increased vancomycin daily dose and frequency of administration."	( Optimization of vancomycin dosing in very low-birth-weight preterm neonates. Banerjee, R; Graner, KK; Johnson, KR; Koshaish, J; Madigan, T; Teng, CB, 2015)	1.03
"Neonates weighing < 1,500 g and receiving the new vancomycin dosing regimen had lower rates of undetectable trough concentrations (24 vs."	( Optimization of vancomycin dosing in very low-birth-weight preterm neonates. Banerjee, R; Graner, KK; Johnson, KR; Koshaish, J; Madigan, T; Teng, CB, 2015)	1.02
"Contemporary vancomycin dosing schemes are designed to achieve an area under the curve (AUC) to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio of ≥400."	( Vancomycin exposure in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections: how much is enough? Cosler, L; Dihmess, A; Drusano, GL; Lazariu, V; Lodise, TP; McNutt, LA; Zasowski, E, 2014)	2.21
" Bayesian techniques were used to estimate vancomycin exposure profile for day 1 and 2 of therapy for each patient based on their dosing schedule and collected concentrations."	( Vancomycin exposure in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections: how much is enough? Cosler, L; Dihmess, A; Drusano, GL; Lazariu, V; Lodise, TP; McNutt, LA; Zasowski, E, 2014)	2.11
"Serum cystatin C can improve glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation over creatinine alone, but whether this translates into clinically relevant improvements in drug dosing is unclear."	( Serum cystatin C predicts vancomycin trough levels better than serum creatinine in hospitalized patients: a cohort study. Frazee, EN; Herrmann, SM; Kashani, KB; Leung, N; Lieske, JC; Rule, AD; Virk, A; Voskoboev, N, 2014)	0.7
" Vancomycin dosing was based on weight, serum creatinine with the Cockcroft-Gault equation, and clinical judgment."	( Serum cystatin C predicts vancomycin trough levels better than serum creatinine in hospitalized patients: a cohort study. Frazee, EN; Herrmann, SM; Kashani, KB; Leung, N; Lieske, JC; Rule, AD; Virk, A; Voskoboev, N, 2014)	1.61
"Vancomycin dosing based on standard care with Cockcroft-Gault creatinine clearance yielded poor trough achievement."	( Serum cystatin C predicts vancomycin trough levels better than serum creatinine in hospitalized patients: a cohort study. Frazee, EN; Herrmann, SM; Kashani, KB; Leung, N; Lieske, JC; Rule, AD; Virk, A; Voskoboev, N, 2014)	2.15
"The objective of this study was to describe the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in ICU patients and to examine whether contemporary antibiotic dosing results in concentrations that have been associated with favourable response."	( Does contemporary vancomycin dosing achieve therapeutic targets in a heterogeneous clinical cohort of critically ill patients? Data from the multinational DALI study. Akova, M; Bassetti, M; Blot, S; De Waele, JJ; Dimopoulos, G; Kaukonen, KM; Koulenti, D; Lipman, J; Martin, C; Montravers, P; Rello, J; Rhodes, A; Roberts, JA; Starr, T; Wallis, SC, 2014)	0.97
" Antibiotic dosing was as per the treating clinician either by intermittent bolus or continuous infusion."	( Does contemporary vancomycin dosing achieve therapeutic targets in a heterogeneous clinical cohort of critically ill patients? Data from the multinational DALI study. Akova, M; Bassetti, M; Blot, S; De Waele, JJ; Dimopoulos, G; Kaukonen, KM; Koulenti, D; Lipman, J; Martin, C; Montravers, P; Rello, J; Rhodes, A; Roberts, JA; Starr, T; Wallis, SC, 2014)	0.74
" Daily dosage of vancomycin was 27 mg/kg (interquartile range (IQR) 18 to 32), and not different between patients receiving intermittent or continuous infusion."	( Does contemporary vancomycin dosing achieve therapeutic targets in a heterogeneous clinical cohort of critically ill patients? Data from the multinational DALI study. Akova, M; Bassetti, M; Blot, S; De Waele, JJ; Dimopoulos, G; Kaukonen, KM; Koulenti, D; Lipman, J; Martin, C; Montravers, P; Rello, J; Rhodes, A; Roberts, JA; Starr, T; Wallis, SC, 2014)	1.08
" These data suggests that a re-evaluation of current vancomycin dosing recommendations in critically ill patients is needed to more rapidly and consistently achieve sufficient vancomycin exposure."	( Does contemporary vancomycin dosing achieve therapeutic targets in a heterogeneous clinical cohort of critically ill patients? Data from the multinational DALI study. Akova, M; Bassetti, M; Blot, S; De Waele, JJ; Dimopoulos, G; Kaukonen, KM; Koulenti, D; Lipman, J; Martin, C; Montravers, P; Rello, J; Rhodes, A; Roberts, JA; Starr, T; Wallis, SC, 2014)	0.99
" One such approach involves the use of Bayesian computer software programs to estimate the "true" vancomycin AUC value with minimal PK sampling and provide AUC-guided dosing recommendations at the bedside."	( Innovative approaches to optimizing the delivery of vancomycin in individual patients. Lodise, TP; Neely, M; Pai, MP; Rodvold, KA, 2014)	0.87
" No significant differences were noted in vancomycin dosing between groups."	( Vancomycin-associated acute kidney injury in pediatric cardiac intensive care patients. Arikan, AA; Bronicki, R; Checchia, P; Dinh, K; Hilvers, PS; Moffett, BS, )	1.84
") Although vancomycin is a narrower-spectrum antibiotic than either cefazolin or clindamycin, our finding of higher SSI rates following prophylaxis with vancomycin only may suggest a failure to use an appropriate dosage rather than an inequality of antibiotic effectiveness."	( Surgical Site Infection After Arthroplasty: Comparative Effectiveness of Prophylactic Antibiotics: Do Surgical Care Improvement Project Guidelines Need to Be Updated? Hawn, M; Ponce, B; Raines, BT; Reed, RD; Richman, J; Vick, C, 2014)	0.79
" We planned for rapid load and CSF sterilization and extended the dosing interval once drug accumulation was expected to have occurred."	( Successful treatment of ventriculostomy-associated meningitis caused by multidrug resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis using low-volume intrathecal daptomycin and loading strategy. Denetclaw, TH; Suehiro, I; Tolliver, GL; Wang, PK, 2014)	0.4
"IT daptomycin 5 mg diluted to 3 mL in NS and dosed in a loading strategy was effective and without adverse sequelae."	( Successful treatment of ventriculostomy-associated meningitis caused by multidrug resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis using low-volume intrathecal daptomycin and loading strategy. Denetclaw, TH; Suehiro, I; Tolliver, GL; Wang, PK, 2014)	0.4
" At 50 mg/kg of body weight, SMT19969 administered orally once daily for 5 days provided full protection of treated animals on the dosing days and through day 12 against epidemic strains."	( In vivo assessment of SMT19969 in a hamster model of clostridium difficile infection. Pulse, M; Vickers, R; Weiss, W, 2014)	0.4
"To observe the changes in serum vancomycin trough concentration, and explore its optimal dosage in critical patients."	( [Clinical research for trough value of serum vancomycin in critical patients]. Chen, J; Chen, M; Guan, X; Jiang, Z; Lin, Z; Ouyang, B, 2014)	0.95
" The difference between actual dosage and the recommended dosage in guideline was compared between two groups."	( [Clinical research for trough value of serum vancomycin in critical patients]. Chen, J; Chen, M; Guan, X; Jiang, Z; Lin, Z; Ouyang, B, 2014)	0.66
" Creatinine, vancomycin dosage, age and body mass index show a relatively significant influence on the serum trough concentrations, and they should be taken into consideration in dosage to be given."	( [Clinical research for trough value of serum vancomycin in critical patients]. Chen, J; Chen, M; Guan, X; Jiang, Z; Lin, Z; Ouyang, B, 2014)	1.03
"To evaluate the influence of vancomycin dose, serum trough concentration, and dosing strategy on the evolution of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients."	( Vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity in the critically ill: a retrospective multivariate regression analysis*. Dulhunty, JM; Hanrahan, TP; Harlow, G; Hutchinson, J; Lipman, J; Roberts, JA; Whitehouse, T, 2014)	2.14
"Several nomograms include recommendations to give intravenous (IV) vancomycin at 8-hour dosing intervals (Q8H)."	( Evaluation of Treatment Courses When Vancomycin Is Given Every 8 Hours in Adult Patients. Aberle, C; Brumer, E; Dubrovskaya, Y; Papadopoulos, J; Rahimian, J; Scipione, MR, 2015)	0.93
" Median duration of Q8H dosing was 9 days (IQR 7-12 days)."	( Evaluation of Treatment Courses When Vancomycin Is Given Every 8 Hours in Adult Patients. Aberle, C; Brumer, E; Dubrovskaya, Y; Papadopoulos, J; Rahimian, J; Scipione, MR, 2015)	0.69
"These modeling analysis results identified five clinically relevant covariates that influenced vancomycin pharmacokinetics and might achieve better individualization of vancomycin dosing for methicillin-resistant staphylococcal PSM in ICU patients."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models for critically ill patients with post-sternotomy mediastinitis. Fagon, JY; Faisy, C; Mainardi, JL; Mangin, O; Urien, S, 2014)	2.06
" More robust clinical dosing support tools are needed to help clinicians with dose individualization."	( Association between vancomycin trough concentration and area under the concentration-time curve in neonates. Drover, DR; El-Komy, MH; Frymoyer, A; Gaskari, S; Hersh, AL; Su, F; Van Meurs, K, 2014)	0.73
" Since no international guidelines on initial dosing of vancomycin CoI exist, there is a need for methods to facilitate the switch from intermittent to continuous vancomycin dosing algorithms in clinically infected populations."	( Design and prospective validation of a dosing instrument for continuous infusion of vancomycin: a within-population approach. Bouma, A; Neef, C; Touw, DJ; van Maarseveen, EM; van Zanten, AR, 2014)	0.87
"A dosing table for CoI of vancomycin based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was developed by simulation of continuous infusion of vancomycin using pharmacokinetic (PK) software and a PK population model designed from historical within-population data in intermittently dosed patients."	( Design and prospective validation of a dosing instrument for continuous infusion of vancomycin: a within-population approach. Bouma, A; Neef, C; Touw, DJ; van Maarseveen, EM; van Zanten, AR, 2014)	0.93
"An eGFR-derived dosing schedule for CoI of vancomycin was established and implemented in clinical practice."	( Design and prospective validation of a dosing instrument for continuous infusion of vancomycin: a within-population approach. Bouma, A; Neef, C; Touw, DJ; van Maarseveen, EM; van Zanten, AR, 2014)	0.89
"An easy method to design and validate an eGFR-derived dosing algorithm for the continuous infusion of vancomycin to switch from intermittent to continuous dosing of vancomycin was developed."	( Design and prospective validation of a dosing instrument for continuous infusion of vancomycin: a within-population approach. Bouma, A; Neef, C; Touw, DJ; van Maarseveen, EM; van Zanten, AR, 2014)	0.84
" The risks and benefits of higher vancomycin dosing should be considered for each patient."	( Factors associated with acute kidney injury in children receiving vancomycin. Fadrowski, JJ; Lee, CK; McMunn, A; Milstone, AM; Sinclair, EA; Yenokyan, G, 2014)	0.92
"Few studies have evaluated the effect of vancomycin dosing on the health outcomes in geriatric patients."	( Impact of empiric weight-based vancomycin dosing on nephrotoxicity and mortality in geriatric patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Alvarez, CA; Bedimo, RJ; Bell, T; Blaszczyk, AT; Brouse, SD; Forcade, NA; Frei, CR; Giuliano, CA; Hall, RG; Mortensen, EM; Thompson, KA, 2014)	0.95
" We compared the incidence of nephrotoxicity and in-hospital mortality in patients who received guideline-recommended dosing (at least 15 mg/kg/dose) to patients who received lower dosing."	( Impact of empiric weight-based vancomycin dosing on nephrotoxicity and mortality in geriatric patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Alvarez, CA; Bedimo, RJ; Bell, T; Blaszczyk, AT; Brouse, SD; Forcade, NA; Frei, CR; Giuliano, CA; Hall, RG; Mortensen, EM; Thompson, KA, 2014)	0.69
" Empiric use of weight-based dosing did increase the percentage of patients achieving a vancomycin trough ≥ 15 mg/L (57% vs."	( Impact of empiric weight-based vancomycin dosing on nephrotoxicity and mortality in geriatric patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Alvarez, CA; Bedimo, RJ; Bell, T; Blaszczyk, AT; Brouse, SD; Forcade, NA; Frei, CR; Giuliano, CA; Hall, RG; Mortensen, EM; Thompson, KA, 2014)	0.91
"In this study of geriatric patients, guideline-recommended dosing was not associated with significant changes in nephrotoxicity or mortality."	( Impact of empiric weight-based vancomycin dosing on nephrotoxicity and mortality in geriatric patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Alvarez, CA; Bedimo, RJ; Bell, T; Blaszczyk, AT; Brouse, SD; Forcade, NA; Frei, CR; Giuliano, CA; Hall, RG; Mortensen, EM; Thompson, KA, 2014)	0.69
" TDM is a diagnostic standard for the individualization of polypharmcotherapy based on validated analytical methods (in particular LC-MS/MS and HPLC-methods) in order to optimize dosing and drug safety."	( [Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of antiinfectives in intensive care medicine]. Adam, R; Michels, G; Müller, C; Nosseir, NS; Pfister, R; Wiesen, MH, 2014)	0.4
"The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of vancomycin and norvancomycin for half of the isolates decreased below the susceptibility break point, and the MIC of linezolid for one isolate was decreased to the blood and epithelial lining fluid concentration using the current dosing regimen."	( Colistin and anti-Gram-positive bacterial agents against Acinetobacter baumannii. Bai, Y; Di, X; Liu, B; Liu, Y; Wang, J; Wang, R; Zhang, X, 2014)	0.66
" In aggregate, these data suggest that vancomycin TDM is commonly performed among children and the majority of abnormal trough concentrations were associated with an appropriate modification to the dosing regimen."	( Pediatric vancomycin dosing: Trends over time and the impact of therapeutic drug monitoring. Balch, AH; Campbell, SC; Constance, JE; Korgenski, EK; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, MG; Stockmann, C; Thorell, EA, 2015)	1.09
" Guidelines recommend that trough concentrations be used to guide vancomycin dosing for the treatment of MRSA infections; however, numerous in vitro, animal model and clinical studies have demonstrated that the therapeutic effectiveness of vancomycin is best described by the area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) divided by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the infecting organism (AUC/MIC)."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetic models: informing the clinical management of drug-resistant bacterial infections. Constance, JE; Knibbe, CA; Roberts, JK; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, MG; Stockmann, C; Yu, T, 2014)	2.08
" The main objective of this review is to compare the relative efficacies, dosing strategies, and side-effect profiles of quinupristin-dalfopristin, linezolid, and daptomycin for VRE bacteremia in the pediatric population."	( Optimizing therapy for vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia in children. Hsu, AJ; Tamma, PD, 2014)	0.71
" However, the increasing prevalence of obesity in our population coupled with increasing resistance of MRSA to vancomycin has resulted in recent recommendations for weight-based dosing of vancomycin at 15 mg/kg."	( The standard one gram dose of vancomycin is not adequate prophylaxis for MRSA. Bosco, J; Catanzano, A; Dubrovskaya, Y; Hutzler, L; Phillips, M, 2014)	0.9
" Using the revised dosing protocol of 15 mg/kg of body weight for vancomycin, proper dosage was calculated for each patient."	( The standard one gram dose of vancomycin is not adequate prophylaxis for MRSA. Bosco, J; Catanzano, A; Dubrovskaya, Y; Hutzler, L; Phillips, M, 2014)	0.93
" In order to avoid incorrect dosing of vancomycin health care providers must use weight-based dosing."	( The standard one gram dose of vancomycin is not adequate prophylaxis for MRSA. Bosco, J; Catanzano, A; Dubrovskaya, Y; Hutzler, L; Phillips, M, 2014)	0.96
"The reasonable dosage of vancomycin for the treatment of pediatric SAP is 15 mg/(kg·dose) × q6h or 60 mg/(kg·d)."	( [Analysis of serum vancomycin concentration after administration of different doses in children with Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia]. Li, JQ; Li, Y; Liu, R; Luo, ZX; Zhamg, H; Zhang, DW; Zhang, GL; Zhang, SY, 2014)	1.03
"Optimizing vancomycin dosing may help eradicate bacteria while avoiding resistance."	( A randomized trial of loading vancomycin in the emergency department. Jasani, NB; Laughner, J; Levine, BJ; Papas, MA; Reinhardt, JF; Rosini, JM, 2015)	1.1
" TDM help clinicians to quickly optimize vancomycin dosing regimens to maximize the clinical effect and minimize the toxicity of the drugs."	( [Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin in routine clinical practice]. Grundmann, M; Kacířová, I, 2014)	0.97
" Inhibitory sigmoid maximal bacterial kill (Emax) modeling of the relationship between vancomycin dosage and the killing of the bacteria in mice in vivo yielded similar Emax and EC50 (drug exposure driving one-half Emax) values for bacterial killing."	( Pharmacodynamic evaluation of the activities of six parenteral vancomycin products available in the United States. Baluya, D; Boyne, MT; Brown, D; Drusano, GL; Fikes, S; Huntley, C; Kurhanewicz, S; Liu, W; Louie, A; Patel, V; Robbins, N; Rodriquez, J, 2015)	0.88
"Quality improvements achieved by applying the systems approach to assess the clinical effectiveness, operational efficiency, and financial feasibility of a pharmacist-managed vancomycin dosing service are described."	( Implementation of the systems approach to improve a pharmacist-managed vancomycin dosing service. Gagnon, DJ; Roberts, R; Sylvia, L, 2014)	0.83
"Faced with increased patient volumes and resource demands, the pharmacy department at Tufts Medical Center conducted an evaluation of its adult inpatient vancomycin dosing service using the systems approach, which emphasizes multidisciplinary assessment of system inputs, processes, and outcomes and consensus-building methods to identify needed changes and recommended action steps."	( Implementation of the systems approach to improve a pharmacist-managed vancomycin dosing service. Gagnon, DJ; Roberts, R; Sylvia, L, 2014)	0.83
" Drug dosing was similar between groups."	( Vancomycin population pharmacokinetics during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy: a matched cohort study. Belhaj, A; Beumier, M; Cristallini, S; de Backer, D; Donadello, K; Jacobs, F; Roberts, JA; Shekar, K; Taccone, FS; Vincent, JL, 2014)	1.85
" The aim of this study is to systematically evaluate published data regarding vancomycin pharmacokinetic alterations in burn patients, to determine whether evidence-based recommendations for dosing and monitoring can be formulated, and to identify future research opportunities."	( A Systematic Review of Vancomycin Dosing and Monitoring in Burn Patients. Buening, NR; Carter, BL; Damer, KM; Foster, DR; Sood, R; Walroth, TA, )	0.67
" Newer guidelines suggest dosing vancomycin to achieve a trough concentration between 15 and 20 mg/L."	( Pitfalls in dosing vancomycin. Bangash, F; Koppula, S; Ruben, S; Szerlip, HM, 2015)	1.03
"The objective of the study was to assess the impact of a computer physician order entry (CPOE) electronic order set on appropriate vancomycin dosing in the emergency department (ED)."	( The effects of an electronic order set on vancomycin dosing in the ED. Cobian, J; Hall, AB; Montero, J; Regan, T, 2015)	0.89
"We conducted a retrospective study examining ED dosing of vancomycin before and after the implementation of an electronic weight-based vancomycin order set."	( The effects of an electronic order set on vancomycin dosing in the ED. Cobian, J; Hall, AB; Montero, J; Regan, T, 2015)	0.93
"05) in appropriate dosing with 67."	( The effects of an electronic order set on vancomycin dosing in the ED. Cobian, J; Hall, AB; Montero, J; Regan, T, 2015)	0.68
" The impact of increasing compliance to vancomycin guidelines is in accordance with stewardship principles that promote optimization of antimicrobial dosing based on individual patient characteristics."	( The effects of an electronic order set on vancomycin dosing in the ED. Cobian, J; Hall, AB; Montero, J; Regan, T, 2015)	0.95
" It highlights available intracameral antibiotics with respect to pharmacology, spectrum of activity, dosage and preparation, safety, and efficacy profiles, as well as toxic anterior segment syndrome risks to better define the potential use of these medications in the prevention of endophthalmitis."	( Intracameral antibiotics: Safety, efficacy, and preparation. Braga-Mele, R; Chang, DF; Henderson, BA; Mamalis, N; Talley-Rostov, A; Vasavada, A, 2014)	0.4
" The aim of this study was to develop a dosing nomogram for the administration of vancomycin by continuous infusion for the first 24 hours of therapy based on the measured urinary creatinine clearance (8 h CLCR)."	( Decreasing the time to achieve therapeutic vancomycin concentrations in critically ill patients: developing and testing of a dosing nomogram. Baptista, JP; Deveza, N; Freitas, R; Pimentel, J; Roberts, JA; Sousa, E, 2014)	0.89
"[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]We found that APACHE II score was a useful index for predicting the Vd and t 1/2 of vancomycin, and used that to establish an initial vancomycin dosing regimen comprised of initial dose and administration interval for individual patients."	( Initial dosing regimen of vancomycin to achieve early therapeutic plasma concentration in critically ill patients with MRSA infection based on APACHE II score. Idemitsu, W; Igarashi, T; Imaura, M; Kanai, R; Kanno, H; Kohata, Y; Kohyama, T; Maki, Y; Takahashi, H; Yamada, Y; Yokoyama, H, 2016)	0.94
"We conclude that anti-MRSA antibiotics are utilized via various dosage regimens by a majority of CF Foundation accredited care programs for the treatment of chronic MRSA in PEx, and there is no consensus on the best treatment approach."	( Utilization of antibiotics for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in cystic fibrosis. Ampofo, K; Chin, MJ; Dasenbrook, E; Epps, KL; Marshall, BC; Montague, M; Olson, J; Young, DC; Zobell, JT, 2015)	0.42
"The objective of this study was to explore the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin and determine an appropriate dosage regimen for vancomycin in adult neurosurgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients."	( A Larger Dose of Vancomycin Is Required in Adult Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit Patients Due to Augmented Clearance. Huang, CF; Lin Wu, FL; Lin, SW; Liu, SS; Shen, LJ; Wang, KC; Win, MF; Yang, TY, 2015)	0.99
" In this study, 2 dosing equations were derived to achieve optimal serum vancomycin concentrations for this special population."	( A Larger Dose of Vancomycin Is Required in Adult Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit Patients Due to Augmented Clearance. Huang, CF; Lin Wu, FL; Lin, SW; Liu, SS; Shen, LJ; Wang, KC; Win, MF; Yang, TY, 2015)	0.99
" Although neonatal references have also recommended these higher target concentrations, dosing recommendations remained unchanged."	( Achievement of Therapeutic Vancomycin Trough Serum Concentrations with Empiric Dosing in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Patients. Degnan, L; Meyers, R; Ringenberg, T; Robinson, C; Shah, P; Siu, A; Sturgill, M, 2015)	0.71
" Further studies are needed to evaluate the optimal dosing regimen to achieve higher trough concentrations in this patient population."	( Achievement of Therapeutic Vancomycin Trough Serum Concentrations with Empiric Dosing in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Patients. Degnan, L; Meyers, R; Ringenberg, T; Robinson, C; Shah, P; Siu, A; Sturgill, M, 2015)	0.71
"Standard doses of linezolid and meropenem will provide inhibitory concentrations and thus pharmacodynamic antagonism throughout the whole dosing interval for MSSA."	( Pharmacodynamic and response surface analysis of linezolid or vancomycin combined with meropenem against Staphylococcus aureus. Kees, MG; Kloft, C; Kuss, J; Wicha, SG, 2015)	0.66
"No current guidelines are available for the use of intrasite vancomycin powder in preventing SSIs, and no standard dosage for the drug exists."	( Intrasite vancomycin powder for the prevention of surgical site infection in spine surgery: a systematic literature review. Holekamp, TF; Kang, DG; Lehman, RA; Wagner, SC, 2015)	1.06
" Vancomycin remains an acceptable treatment option, with moves toward individualized dosing to a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target."	( Treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: vancomycin and beyond. Davis, JS; Holmes, NE; Tong, SY; van Hal, SJ, 2015)	1.57
" The Infectious Diseases Society of America published guidelines in 2011 that provide guidance for dosing and monitoring of vancomycin in adults and pediatrics."	( Balancing vancomycin efficacy and nephrotoxicity: should we be aiming for trough or AUC/MIC? Crumby, AS; Maples, HD; Patel, K, 2015)	1.03
"To estimate vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters and dosing requirements in a cohort of extremely obese patients."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in extremely obese patients with suspected or confirmed Staphylococcus aureus infections. Adane, ED; Herald, M; Koura, F, 2015)	1.12
" difficile BI1, treatment with SMT19969, vancomycin and fidaxomicin resulted in 100% survival during the 5 day dosing period, with 90%-100% of animals receiving SMT19969 and fidaxomicin surviving during the post-dosing follow-up period."	( SMT19969 for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI): in vivo efficacy compared with fidaxomicin and vancomycin in the hamster model of CDI. Payne, L; Sattar, A; Thommes, P; Vickers, RJ; Warn, P, 2015)	0.9
"To evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin in septic shock patients and to determine the vancomycin dosage to achieve requisite pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target against methicillin resistant Staphylocccus aureus (MRSA) in patients with septic shock."	( Initial dosage regimen of vancomycin for septic shock patients: a pharmacokinetic study and Monte Carlo simulation. Jaruratanasirikul, S; Jitsurong, A; Katip Bpharm, W; Pattharachayakul, S; Wongpoowarak, W, 2014)	0.96
"MEDLINE (1948-December 31, 2014), EMBASE (1980-December 31, 2014), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-December 31, 2014), Google and Google Scholar, and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched using the following terms: vancomycin, glycopeptides, loading dose, dose-response relationship."	( Vancomycin loading doses: a systematic review. Ensom, MH; Lau, TT; Reardon, J, 2015)	2.03
" Pharmacist interventions were mainly performed for the initial dosage planning, controlling vancomycin prescriptions, and real-time monitoring of medical records before routine therapeutic drug monitoring."	( Impact of pharmacist intervention on preventing nephrotoxicity from vancomycin. Haruki, Y; Komoto, A; Kondo, S; Maiguma, T; Masuda, N; Sugiyama, T; Teshima, D, 2015)	0.87
"Elevated vancomycin trough concentrations had no statistically significant relationship with initial empirical vancomycin dosing across all hospital settings."	( Assessment of initial serum vancomycin trough concentrations and their association with initial empirical weight-based vancomycin dosing and development of nephrotoxicity in children: a multicenter retrospective study. Beck, GL; Matson, KL; Shaffer, CL; Simonsen, KA, 2015)	1.13
"No significant associations were found between initial empirical weight-based vancomycin dosing or elevated serum trough concentrations and development of nephrotoxicity in children; rather, nephrotoxicity was associated with combination therapy with vancomycin and other potentially nephrotoxic agents."	( Assessment of initial serum vancomycin trough concentrations and their association with initial empirical weight-based vancomycin dosing and development of nephrotoxicity in children: a multicenter retrospective study. Beck, GL; Matson, KL; Shaffer, CL; Simonsen, KA, 2015)	0.94
" The results indicate that the conventional dosing regimen probably being suboptimal concentrations in aged patients."	( [Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin and prediction of pharmacodynamics in the Chinese people]. He, XR; Ji, SM; Li, L; Liu, TT; Liu, ZH; Lu, W; Zhou, TY, 2014)	0.69
"Different dosing regimens for vancomycin are in clinical use: intermittent infusion and continuous administration."	( Observational clinical study on the effects of different dosing regimens on vancomycin target levels in critically ill patients: Continuous versus intermittent application. Deja, M; Günzel, K; Krannich, A; Nachtigall, I; Spies, C; Tafelski, S; Troeger, U, )	0.65
" The majority of these patients received a vancomycin dosing strategy that is not only unlikely to lead to clinical improvement, but also has the potential to contribute adversely to the development of antibiotic resistance."	( Vancomycin Use in Patients Discharged From the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study. Fuller, BM; McCammon, C; Mueller, K; Skrupky, L, 2015)	2.12
"Monte Carlo simulations were performed for various vancomycin dosage regimens to evaluate the potential for development of vancomycin resistance in meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)."	( Use of Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the development of vancomycin resistance in meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Cheng, J; Li, HR; Li, JB; Liu, YY; Mei, Q; Yang, HF; Ye, Y; Zhu, YL, 2015)	0.91
"Pediatric studies and anecdotal experience suggest that current empiric vancomycin dosing does not reach serum trough concentration targets of at least 10 mg/L for uncomplicated infections or 15-20 mg/L for serious or complicated infections."	( Pediatric Assessment of Vancomycin Empiric Dosing (PAVED): a Retrospective Review. Carr, R; Ensom, MH; Rainkie, D, 2015)	0.96
"This study reviewed vancomycin dosing and serum concentrations to (i) determine the proportion of patients who reached initial target concentrations; (ii) describe pharmacokinetic parameters; and (iii) compare patient-specific area-under-the-curve (AUC) values to population estimates using the Rodvold equation."	( Pediatric Assessment of Vancomycin Empiric Dosing (PAVED): a Retrospective Review. Carr, R; Ensom, MH; Rainkie, D, 2015)	1.05
"Based on these findings, we recommend vancomycin 70 and 90 mg/kg/day divided q6 h for troughs of 10-15 and 15-20 mg/L, respectively (patients 1 month-6 years) and 60 mg/kg/day divided q8 h and 70 mg/kg/day divided q6 h, respectively (patients >6 years) to undergo further testing as initial dosing regimens."	( Pediatric Assessment of Vancomycin Empiric Dosing (PAVED): a Retrospective Review. Carr, R; Ensom, MH; Rainkie, D, 2015)	1
" A covalent bonding resulted in a slowdown in the release process and uniformity of dosage release."	( Vancomycin-modified silica: Synthesis, controlled release and biological activity of the drug. Gajęcka, M; Kurczewska, J; Ratajczak, M; Sawicka, P; Schroeder, G, 2015)	1.86
" Additionally, weight-based dosing may result in target serum levels being achieved more frequently."	( Vancomycin use in a rural hospital: a 3-year retrospective study. Bollinger, M; Chu, D; Hamilton, M; Hopman, W; Kelly, L; Link, S; Nguyen, J; Saginur, R; Schroeder, K, 2015)	1.86
" Development of alternative dosing and management strategies for vancomycin may be necessary to account for pharmacokinetic changes associated with obesity."	( The association of elevated trough serum vancomycin concentrations with obesity. O'Donnell, EP; Richardson, J; Scheetz, M, 2015)	0.92
"Vancomycin is administered via intermittent infusion (II) almost exclusively in the United States, whereas continuous infusion (CI) dosing methods are used regularly in many European countries."	( The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic rationale for administering vancomycin via continuous infusion. Brown, DL; Kuhn, TC; Waineo, MF, 2015)	2.1
" Current vancomycin consensus guidelines promote aggressive dosing to achieve trough levels of 10-15 or 15-20 mg/L, but also include recommendations to target a daily area under the curve (AUC24 ) to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio of at least 400."	( The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic rationale for administering vancomycin via continuous infusion. Brown, DL; Kuhn, TC; Waineo, MF, 2015)	1.07
" An alternative approach to weight-based (mg/kg) CI dosing is to calculate the dose from an estimation of the patient's vancomycin clearance (in L/h), derived from creatinine clearance (CrCl) via the equation (CrCl∙0·041) + 0·22."	( The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic rationale for administering vancomycin via continuous infusion. Brown, DL; Kuhn, TC; Waineo, MF, 2015)	0.86
" 3log(10)CFU/g from pre-treatment values at a dosage of 12 mg/kg with single treatment."	( In vivo antibacterial activity and pharmacological properties of the membrane-active glycopeptide antibiotic YV11455. Chakraborty, SP; Haldar, J; Konai, MM; Mani, B; Manjunath, GB; Paramanandham, K; Prakash, RG; Ranjan, SB; Ravikumar, R; Roy, S; Yarlagadda, V, 2015)	0.42
" Significant cell death was observed if the dosage applied exceeded 6 mg/cm(2)."	( Does intrawound application of vancomycin influence bone healing in spinal surgery? Eder, C; Kienzl, M; Külekci, B; Ogon, M; Schenk, S; Schildböck, S; Trifinopoulos, J, 2016)	0.72
"To determine the incidence with which a vancomycin dosing regimen of 15 mg/kg per dose every 6 hours achieves steady-state trough concentrations of 15 to 20 mg/L in pediatric patients with complicated infections."	( An evaluation of vancomycin dosing for complicated infections in pediatric patients. Durham, SH; Foland, JA; Mulherin, DW; Simmons, ML, 2015)	1.02
"A vancomycin dosing regimen of 15 mg/kg per dose every 6 hours is not likely to achieve a trough concentration of 15 to 20 mg/L in pediatric patients with complicated infections."	( An evaluation of vancomycin dosing for complicated infections in pediatric patients. Durham, SH; Foland, JA; Mulherin, DW; Simmons, ML, 2015)	1.48
"Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that needs to be dosed to achieve target trough levels of 15-20 mg/l."	( Evaluation of a vancomycin dosing protocol for intensive care unit patients. Boerma, EC; Brinkman, I; Buter, H; Veeger, N; Verstappen, G, 2015)	2.21
"We assessed the performance of a novel, obese-specific, divided-load vancomycin protocol for attaining target trough concentrations within 12 to 24 hours of dosing initiation, and during maintenance dosing, in obese patients."	( Performance of a divided-load intravenous vancomycin dosing strategy for obese patients. Denetclaw, TH; Dowling, TC; Moua, M; Steinke, D; Yu, MK, 2015)	0.92
" Steady-state concentrations were drawn after the third dose once maintenance dosing was achieved and periodically thereafter."	( Performance of a divided-load intravenous vancomycin dosing strategy for obese patients. Denetclaw, TH; Dowling, TC; Moua, M; Steinke, D; Yu, MK, 2015)	0.68
"Within 12 hours after dosing initiation, 48 (89%) study patients exhibited trough concentrations of 10 to 20 µg/mL averaging 14."	( Performance of a divided-load intravenous vancomycin dosing strategy for obese patients. Denetclaw, TH; Dowling, TC; Moua, M; Steinke, D; Yu, MK, 2015)	0.68
"Obese-specific, divided-load dosing achieved trough concentrations of 10 to 20 µg/mL for 89% of obese patients within 12 hours of initial dosing and 97% of obese patients within 24 hours of initial dosing while preventing doses given during supratherapeutic trough levels; 97% of troughs measured during steady state were within target range."	( Performance of a divided-load intravenous vancomycin dosing strategy for obese patients. Denetclaw, TH; Dowling, TC; Moua, M; Steinke, D; Yu, MK, 2015)	0.68
"To evaluate the effect of a pharmacist-directed vancomycin dosing and monitoring pilot program on the percentage of patients receiving targeted weight-based dosing recommendations."	( Evaluation of a Pharmacist-Directed Vancomycin Dosing and Monitoring Pilot Program at a Tertiary Academic Medical Center. DeGrado, JR; Kubiak, DW; Labonville, S; Marquis, KA; Szumita, PM, 2015)	0.95
"This was a pre-/postevaluation study, approved by the institutional review board at our institution, comparing retrospectively reviewed vancomycin dosing practices hospital-wide between September 1 and September 30, 2010 to patients prospectively managed by a pharmacist-directed vancomycin pilot program between February 1 and April 26, 2011."	( Evaluation of a Pharmacist-Directed Vancomycin Dosing and Monitoring Pilot Program at a Tertiary Academic Medical Center. DeGrado, JR; Kubiak, DW; Labonville, S; Marquis, KA; Szumita, PM, 2015)	0.89
" The percentage of patients who received optimal vancomycin dosing was significantly higher postimplementation of the pilot program, 96."	( Evaluation of a Pharmacist-Directed Vancomycin Dosing and Monitoring Pilot Program at a Tertiary Academic Medical Center. DeGrado, JR; Kubiak, DW; Labonville, S; Marquis, KA; Szumita, PM, 2015)	0.95
"This pharmacist-directed vancomycin pilot program significantly increased the percentage of patients optimally dosed according to consensus guidelines within 24 hours of initiation of therapy."	( Evaluation of a Pharmacist-Directed Vancomycin Dosing and Monitoring Pilot Program at a Tertiary Academic Medical Center. DeGrado, JR; Kubiak, DW; Labonville, S; Marquis, KA; Szumita, PM, 2015)	1
"One hundred fifty hospitalized adults with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m(2) or greater and treated with vancomycin for at least 48 hours between July 2013 and March 2014 were evaluated to compare the frequency of steady-state therapeutic trough concentration attainment between two approaches: a trough-only dosing method (preintervention group [75 patients]) and a dosing strategy measuring two vancomycin serum concentrations during the elimination phase (peak and trough) to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters and individualize the maintenance regimen (postintervention group [75 patients])."	( Individualized vancomycin dosing in obese patients: a two-sample measurement approach improves target attainment. Hong, J; Johns, T; Krop, LC; Pai, MP, 2015)	0.98
" Known risk factors such as age, creatinine clearance, vancomycin dose / dosing interval, and concurrent nephrotoxic medications fail to accurately predict nephrotoxicity."	( Genome-Wide Association Study of Serum Creatinine Levels during Vancomycin Therapy. Bowton, EA; Bradford, Y; Brilliant, M; Brothers, KB; Crawford, DC; Creech, CB; Delaney, JT; Denny, JC; Hebbring, SJ; Ho, RH; Jouni, H; Kannankeril, PJ; Kitchner, TE; Kullo, IJ; McGregor, TL; Olson, LM; Patel, N; Potts, AL; Roden, DM; Saville, BR; Shaffer, CM; Van Driest, SL; Vear, SI; Velez Edwards, DR; Wilson, S, 2015)	0.9
" The second was an emaciated patient (BMI, 14) whose serum creatinine level was a deceptive marker of kidney function for the proper dosing of vancomycin, resulting in a toxic level."	( Acute Kidney Injury Associated With Vancomycin When Laxity Leads to Injury and Findings on Kidney Biopsy. Katikaneni, M; Lwin, L; Villanueva, H; Yoo, J, )	0.61
" Clinical decision support (CDS) tools have been effective in reducing gentamicin and vancomycin dosing errors."	( A pre-postintervention study to evaluate the impact of dose calculators on the accuracy of gentamicin and vancomycin initial doses. Cavell, G; Hamad, A; Hinton, J; Wade, P; Whittlesea, C, 2015)	0.85
"To determine the pharmacokinetic parameters and compare pharmacodynamic target attainment at different dosing strategies of vancomycin in pediatric cancer patients."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics and predicted dosage requirements in pediatric cancer patients. Abdel Hadi, O; Al Omar, S; Le, J; Mubarak, S; Nazer, LH, 2016)	2.08
"Pediatric patients who received vancomycin and had at least two steady-state concentrations taken within the same dosing interval were identified."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics and predicted dosage requirements in pediatric cancer patients. Abdel Hadi, O; Al Omar, S; Le, J; Mubarak, S; Nazer, LH, 2016)	2.16
" The optimal vancomycin dosing in pediatric cancer patients requires further investigations."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics and predicted dosage requirements in pediatric cancer patients. Abdel Hadi, O; Al Omar, S; Le, J; Mubarak, S; Nazer, LH, 2016)	2.25
"5 hours, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 5 hours, 7 hours, 11 hours, 23 hours, 35 hours, and 47 hours post vancomycin infusion according to the dosing intervals."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in adults receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Hsu, LF; Ko, WJ; Shen, LJ; Wu, CC; Wu, FL, 2016)	0.97
" It was found that those with a vancomycin dosage >38mg/kg/day (50."	( Evaluation of body weight-based vancomycin therapy and the incidence of nephrotoxicity: a retrospective study in the northwest of China. Chen, BY; Dong, MH; Wang, JW; Wen, AD; Wu, Y; Yu, M, 2015)	0.98
"The data from this study indicate that a vancomycin dosage >38mg/kg/day and a serum trough level >20mg/l are both independent factors associated with the development of nephrotoxicity, suggesting that renal function should be monitored closely during vancomycin treatment."	( Evaluation of body weight-based vancomycin therapy and the incidence of nephrotoxicity: a retrospective study in the northwest of China. Chen, BY; Dong, MH; Wang, JW; Wen, AD; Wu, Y; Yu, M, 2015)	0.97
" This emerging resistance to vancomycin makes proper dosing and monitoring of the area under the curve/MIC critically important."	( Glycopeptide antibiotics: evolving resistance, pharmacology and adverse event profile. Henson, KE; Levine, DP; Levine, MT; Wong, EA, 2015)	0.71
"We aimed to characterize real-world dosing of weight-based intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy in patients hospitalized for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) complicated skin and soft-tissue infections (cSSTIs)."	( Weight-based antibiotic dosing in a real-world European study of complicated skin and soft-tissue infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Baillon-Plot, N; Charbonneau, C; Corman, S; Eckmann, C; Haider, S; Lawson, W; Li, J; Macahilig, C; Nathwani, D; Solem, C; Stephens, J, 2015)	0.42
"To evaluate the effective vancomycin dosing regimens by Monte Carlo simulation among patients on intermittent high-efficiency hemodialysis (HEHD)."	( Vancomycin Dosing Regimen by Monte Carlo Simulation in Patients on Intermittent High-Efficiency Hemodialysis (HEHD). Dandecha, P; Jaruratanasirikul, S; Jitsurong, A; Pattharachayakul, S; Rungprai, D; Wanakamanee, U; Wongpoowarak, W, 2015)	2.16
"From the present study, the lowest vancomycin dosing regimen that had the optimum effectiveness was a 35 mg/kgDW LD followed by 10 mg/kgDW supplementation."	( Vancomycin Dosing Regimen by Monte Carlo Simulation in Patients on Intermittent High-Efficiency Hemodialysis (HEHD). Dandecha, P; Jaruratanasirikul, S; Jitsurong, A; Pattharachayakul, S; Rungprai, D; Wanakamanee, U; Wongpoowarak, W, 2015)	2.14
" We evaluated continuous infusion (CI) and intermittent vancomycin dosing strategies in these patients."	( Continuous infusion vs intermittent vancomycin in neurosurgical intensive care unit patients. Cava, L; Goolsby, TA; Hong, LT; Kiser, TH; Mueller, SW; Neumann, R; Reynolds, P; Sherman, DS, 2015)	0.94
" We aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model to guide vancomycin dosing in patients after neurosurgical operation."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Postoperative Neurosurgical Patients. Li, X; Mei, S; Sun, S; Wang, J; Wang, Q; Wu, Y; Zhao, Z, 2015)	0.94
" Each dosage of cadazolid resulted in a lower recurrence rate than with vancomycin (18."	( Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Phase 2 Study Evaluating the Novel Antibiotic Cadazolid in Patients with Clostridium difficile Infection. Buitrago, M; Charef, P; Cornely, OA; Gerding, DN; Kracker, H; Louie, T; Nord, CE; Talbot, GH; Wilcox, M, 2015)	0.65
" Prior data suggest that ED vancomycin dosing is frequently inappropriate."	( Importance of Decision Support Implementation in Emergency Department Vancomycin Dosing. Faine, B; Fuller, BM; Harland, KK; Mohr, N; Porter, B; Rolfes, K, 2015)	0.94
" Although it has been used for >50 years, prescribing the right dose and dosing regimen remains a challenge in neonatal intensive care units for many reasons including high pharmacokinetic variability, increase in the minimal inhibition concentration against staphylococci, lack of consensus on dosing regimen and way of administration (continuous or intermittent), duration of treatment, use of therapeutic drug monitoring, limited data on short- and long-term toxicity, risk of mutant selection and errors of administration linked to concentrated formulations."	( How to use vancomycin optimally in neonates: remaining questions. Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Leroux, S; Sharland, M; van den Anker, JN; Zhao, W, 2015)	0.81
" From the clinical point of view, the prolongation of colistin PAE when combined with other antibiotics could provide a rationale for the modification of the dosing interval and could be important for the optimization of the treatment regimen and the minimization of drug-induced side effects."	( Postantibiotic effect of colistin alone and combined with vancomycin or meropenem against Acinetobacter spp. with well defined resistance mechanisms. Beader, N; Bedenić, B; Ćačić, M; Godič-Torkar, K; Mihaljević, L; Prahin, E; Vraneš, J, 2016)	0.68
"Current recommendations suggest that vancomycin dosing utilize actual rather than ideal body weight in obese patients."	( Vancomycin-Associated Nephrotoxicity: The Obesity Factor. Davies, SW; Dietch, ZC; Efird, JT; Guidry, CA; Hennessy, SA; Sawyer, RG; Shah, PM; Willis, RN, 2015)	2.13
"A prospective investigation included 100 patients who met the inclusion criteria, given as follows: a diagnosis of SCI and administration of intravenous aminoglycosides (AG) or vancomycin with their dosing regimen determined by the Lee-Dang equation."	( Prospective Analysis of Various Dosing Methods for Aminoglycosides and Vancomycin Therapy in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Patients. Lee, JP; Truong, TT, 2015)	0.84
"The prospective data shows that the Lee-Dang method for predicting CLCR is more accurate relative to the alternative methods in the study population with SCI, thus recommend using the Lee-Dang method for pharmacokinetic dosing of AG and vancomycin in SCI."	( Prospective Analysis of Various Dosing Methods for Aminoglycosides and Vancomycin Therapy in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Patients. Lee, JP; Truong, TT, 2015)	0.83
"To compare the effects of empiric vancomycin dosing regimens on attainment of optimal target trough concentrations in obese (body mass index [BMI] 30-40 kg/m(2) ) and extremely obese (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m(2) ) patients."	( Vancomycin Dosing Considerations in a Real-World Cohort of Obese and Extremely Obese Patients. Caffrey, AR; LaPlante, KL; Morrill, HJ; Noh, E, 2015)	2.14
" Logistic regression models were used to measure the effect of various vancomycin dosing regimens on attainment of optimal target trough concentrations (15-20 mg/L)."	( Vancomycin Dosing Considerations in a Real-World Cohort of Obese and Extremely Obese Patients. Caffrey, AR; LaPlante, KL; Morrill, HJ; Noh, E, 2015)	2.09
"In this real-world study, we offer additional consideration of vancomycin dosing in obese and extremely obese patients."	( Vancomycin Dosing Considerations in a Real-World Cohort of Obese and Extremely Obese Patients. Caffrey, AR; LaPlante, KL; Morrill, HJ; Noh, E, 2015)	2.1
" However, the difference in values was not enough to impact antibiotic dosing and therefore was not clinically significant."	( A Comparison of Antibiotic Serum Concentrations Drawn Simultaneously from Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters and Peripheral Veins in Children with Respiratory Infection. Board, R; Feldman, HA; Green, ME; McCabe, M; Sullivan, KJ; Wells, S, )	0.13
"Since 2001, the frequency of AG administration and dosing declined, but the incidence of AG-AKI remained constant."	( Acute Kidney Injury and Renal Recovery with the Use of Aminoglycosides: A Large Retrospective Study. Ammann, H; Bernier-Jean, A; Bouchard, J; Brunette, V; Lavergne, V; Paquette, F; Pichette, V; Troyanov, S, 2015)	0.42
" The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the viability of weight-based dosing protocols for cefazolin and vancomycin to determine if appropriate minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) are met."	( Effect of Body Weight on Cefazolin and Vancomycin Trabecular Bone Concentrations in Patients Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty. Molina, N; Nicolau, DP; Pourmand, D; Schwarzkopf, R; Sharareh, B; Sutherland, C, 2016)	0.91
" However, vancomycin concentrations did show a difference with respect to BMI but this may be the result of the specific weight-based dosing protocol of vancomycin."	( Effect of Body Weight on Cefazolin and Vancomycin Trabecular Bone Concentrations in Patients Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty. Molina, N; Nicolau, DP; Pourmand, D; Schwarzkopf, R; Sharareh, B; Sutherland, C, 2016)	1.11
" It can be infused either intermittently or continuously, however, there is no consensus on the optimal dosing regimen."	( Comparison of intermittent versus continuous vancomycin infusion for the treatment of late-onset sepsis in preterm infants. Demirel, B; Demirel, U; Gursoy, T; İmamoglu, E; Karatekin, G; Ovali, F; Topçuoglu, S, 2015)	0.68
" However, when we subdivide group I into two according to dosing intervals, dose adjustment rates were more common in infants with a gestational age <29 weeks for whom intermittent infusion was performed in 18 hours intervals (92."	( Comparison of intermittent versus continuous vancomycin infusion for the treatment of late-onset sepsis in preterm infants. Demirel, B; Demirel, U; Gursoy, T; İmamoglu, E; Karatekin, G; Ovali, F; Topçuoglu, S, 2015)	0.68
"A PPK model was developed to estimate the individual clearance in inpatients receiving intravenously infused VCM and could be used to develop individualised dosing of adult Chinese PCM patients."	( Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in adult Chinese patients with post-craniotomy meningitis and its application in individualised dosage regimens. Huang, PF; Jiang, CZ; Jiao, Z; Lin, RF; Lin, WW; Liu, YW; Wang, CL; Wu, W, 2016)	0.72
" Tissue and serum samples were obtained after steady state for one dosing interval."	( Vancomycin Tissue Pharmacokinetics in Patients with Lower-Limb Infections via In Vivo Microdialysis. Bhalodi, AA; Housman, ST; Nicolau, DP; Nugent, J; Shepard, A, 2015)	1.86
" The aim of this study was to assess whether appropriate dosage adjustments were made in hospitalized patients with renal impairment."	( Drug dosage adjustment in hospitalized patients with renal impairment at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Getachew, H; Shibeshi, W; Tadesse, Y, 2015)	0.42
" Data regarding serum creatinine level, age, sex and prescribed drugs and their dosage was collected from the patients' medical records."	( Drug dosage adjustment in hospitalized patients with renal impairment at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Getachew, H; Shibeshi, W; Tadesse, Y, 2015)	0.42
"The findings indicate that dosing errors were common among hospitalized patients with renal impairment."	( Drug dosage adjustment in hospitalized patients with renal impairment at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Getachew, H; Shibeshi, W; Tadesse, Y, 2015)	0.42
"Vancomycin dosing and monitoring algorithms for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving intermittent hemodialysis are reviewed."	( Vancomycin dosing and monitoring for patients with end-stage renal disease receiving intermittent hemodialysis. Crew, P; Heintz, BH; Heintz, SJ, 2015)	3.3
" Many studies evaluating vancomycin dosing in adult patients with ESRD receiving intermittent hemodialysis were limited by a small sample size, inappropriate therapeutic targets, older hemodialysis modalities (e."	( Vancomycin dosing and monitoring for patients with end-stage renal disease receiving intermittent hemodialysis. Crew, P; Heintz, BH; Heintz, SJ, 2015)	2.16
"Individualized vancomycin dosing regimens and therapeutic drug monitoring are necessary for patients with ESRD receiving intermittent hemodialysis to ensure that goal serum vancomycin levels are reached to adequately treat an infection."	( Vancomycin dosing and monitoring for patients with end-stage renal disease receiving intermittent hemodialysis. Crew, P; Heintz, BH; Heintz, SJ, 2015)	2.21
"5% icodextrin PD-bags were dosed with gentamicin 20 mg/L (n = 9), vancomycin 1,000 mg/L (n = 9), cefazolin 500 mg/L (n = 9) and ceftazidime 500 mg/L (n = 9) as for intermittent dosing."	( Stability of Antibiotics for Intraperitoneal Administration in Extraneal 7.5% Icodextrin Peritoneal Dialysis Bags (STAB Study). Lipman, J; Naicker, S; Ranganathan, D; Ratanjee, SK; Roberts, JA; Wallis, SC, )	0.37
" Dosing should instead focus on AUC:MIC values, which have strong evidence of benefit."	( Vancomycin Trough Concentration as a Predictor of Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies. Prybylski, JP, 2015)	1.86
"To investigate the appropriateness of the current vancomycin dosing strategy in adult patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), between March 2013 and November 2013, patients who were treated with vancomycin while on ECMO were enrolled."	( Trough Concentrations of Vancomycin in Patients Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Cho, YH; Chung, CR; In, YW; Jeon, K; Lee, YM; Park, CM; Park, HJ; Park, SJ; Suh, GY; Yang, JH, 2015)	0.97
" In this study, we aimed to describe the safety and outcome of pharmacy-led vancomycin dosing and monitoring."	( Safety and Outcome of Pharmacy-Led Vancomycin Dosing and Monitoring. Al-Tawfiq, JA; Homoud, A; Momattin, H; Zogheib, M, 2016)	0.94
" We compared these outcomes before and after the implementation of pharmacy-led vancomycin dosing and monitoring."	( Safety and Outcome of Pharmacy-Led Vancomycin Dosing and Monitoring. Al-Tawfiq, JA; Homoud, A; Momattin, H; Zogheib, M, 2016)	0.94
"The objectives of this study were to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in trauma patients and to propose dosing schemes to optimize therapy."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin and dosing recommendations for trauma patients. Barcia, E; García, B; Medellín-Garibay, SE; Ortiz-Martín, B; Romano-Moreno, S; Rueda-Naharro, A, 2016)	0.98
" Finally, several simulations were executed to propose dosing guidelines to reach expected vancomycin concentrations."	( Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin and dosing recommendations for trauma patients. Barcia, E; García, B; Medellín-Garibay, SE; Ortiz-Martín, B; Romano-Moreno, S; Rueda-Naharro, A, 2016)	0.98
" Time-kill curves were constructed, and the area under the bacterial killing and regrowth curve (AUBC) during the final 24-h dosing interval (48 to 72 h) (AUBC48-72) was calculated."	( In Vitro Pharmacodynamics of Vancomycin against Methicillin-Susceptible and -Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Considering the Variability in Observed Tissue Exposure. Hamada, Y; Kuti, JL; Nicolau, DP, 2016)	0.73
"Because of the recent awareness that vancomycin doses should aim to meet a target area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) instead of trough concentrations, more aggressive dosing regimens are warranted also in the pediatric population."	( Towards Rational Dosing Algorithms for Vancomycin in Neonates and Infants Based on Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Allegaert, K; de Cock, RF; Janssen, EJ; Knibbe, CA; Mouton, JW; Sherwin, CM; Simons, SH; Välitalo, PA; van den Anker, JN, 2016)	0.98
"Limited data are available on intraventricular vancomycin dosing for meningitis."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid vancomycin concentration during intraventricular administration. Ahrens, CL; Bhimraj, A; Lam, SW; Loewenstein, L; Neuner, EA; Popa, D, 2016)	0.94
" The aim of this study was to characterize vancomycin pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships for CoNS and investigate neonatal optimal dosage regimens."	( Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin for CoNS infection: experimental basis for optimal use of vancomycin in neonates. Docobo-Pérez, F; Felton, TW; Goodwin, J; Hope, WW; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Johnson, A; Livermore, J; McEntee, L; Ramos-Martín, V; Sharland, M; Turner, MA; Whalley, S; Zhao, W, 2016)	1.02
" This study has provided the pharmacodynamic evidence to inform an optimized neonatal dosage regimen to take into a randomized controlled trial."	( Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin for CoNS infection: experimental basis for optimal use of vancomycin in neonates. Docobo-Pérez, F; Felton, TW; Goodwin, J; Hope, WW; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Johnson, A; Livermore, J; McEntee, L; Ramos-Martín, V; Sharland, M; Turner, MA; Whalley, S; Zhao, W, 2016)	0.76
" The efficacy of antimicrobial agents delivered to combat SSI is diminished by systemic toxicity, bacterial resistance, and patient compliance to dosing schedules."	( Controlled Delivery of Vancomycin via Charged Hydrogels. Bajzer, Z; Boakye-Agyeman, F; Brinkman, CL; Dadsetan, M; Gustafson, CT; Patel, R; Reid, JM; Yaszemski, MJ, 2016)	0.74
" A model-based vancomycin dosing calculator, developed from a population pharmacokinetic study, has been integrated into the routine clinical care in 3 neonatal intensive care units (Robert Debré, Cochin Port Royal, and Clocheville hospitals) between 2012 and 2014."	( Clinical Utility and Safety of a Model-Based Patient-Tailored Dose of Vancomycin in Neonates. Biran, V; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Leroux, S; Lopez, E; Madeleneau, D; Rioualen, S; Virlouvet, AL; Wallon, C; Zana-Taïeb, E; Zhao, W, 2016)	1.02
" First, due to both pharmacokinetic variability and non-pharmacokinetic factors, the correlation between dosage and concentration is poor in neonates, but can be overcome with the use of more complex, validated dosing regimens."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring in neonates. Allegaert, K; Pauwels, S, 2016)	0.43
" Daptomycin, as first-line therapy for the treatment of severe MRSA infections, should be used at optimal dosage combined with other agents such as beta-lactams, to prevent daptomycin resistance occurrence."	( In vivo development of daptomycin resistance in vancomycin-susceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus severe infections previously treated with glycopeptides. Cafiso, V; Campanile, F; Capone, A; Mariani, B; Parisi, G; Petrosillo, N; Stefani, S, 2016)	0.69
" Consequently, the need for applying quantitative clinical pharmacology and determining optimal drug dosing regimens in neonates has become increasingly recognized."	( Quantitative clinical pharmacology practice for optimal use of antibiotics during the neonatal period. Allegaert, K; Pfister, M; Samardzic, J; van den Anker, JN; Wilbaux, M, 2016)	0.43
" Pharmacometrics has been shown to be a relevant tool to evaluate, optimize and individualize drug dosing regimens."	( Quantitative clinical pharmacology practice for optimal use of antibiotics during the neonatal period. Allegaert, K; Pfister, M; Samardzic, J; van den Anker, JN; Wilbaux, M, 2016)	0.43
"The compatibility of vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam in concentrations typically used in extended-infusion dosing schemes was evaluated."	( Visual and absorbance analyses of admixtures containing vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam at commonly used concentrations. Manek, M; O'Donnell, JN; Rhodes, NJ; Scheetz, MH; Venkatesan, N, 2016)	1
"Initial dosing of vancomycin > 20 mg/kg was not associated with an increased rate of nephrotoxicity compared with lower doses."	( High Single-dose Vancomycin Loading Is Not Associated With Increased Nephrotoxicity in Emergency Department Sepsis Patients. Arnold, R; Comer, D; Davis, JJ; Levine, BJ; Muenzer, J; Papas, MA; Rosini, JM, 2016)	1.11
" In 2009, the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the Society of Infectious Disease Pharmacists published specific guidelines about vancomycin dosage and monitoring."	( Optimizing the Clinical Use of Vancomycin. Álvarez, R; Cisneros, JM; López Cortés, LE; Molina, J; Pachón, J, 2016)	0.91
"Objective This study aims to assess the need for modification of the current vancomycin dosing protocol at a single institution by conducting a comparison of dosing per protocol versus off protocol and the resulting first troughs in neonates."	( Protocol versus Nonprotocol Dosing of Vancomycin in Neonates: A Single Center Evaluation of Steady State Trough Levels. Huntley, J; Schwartz, ML; Wrobel, J; Zeilmann, C, 2016)	0.93
" We discuss proposed pathophysiology and summarize evidence supporting dose-response relationships, genetic and environmental determinants, and consider future research required to further define vancomycin toxicity."	( Vancomycin toxicity in neonates: a review of the evidence. Heath, PT; Hill, LF; Lestner, JM; Sharland, M, 2016)	2.07
"Current dosing regimens for vancomycin result in subtherapeutic levels in a large proportion of patients."	( Vancomycin toxicity in neonates: a review of the evidence. Heath, PT; Hill, LF; Lestner, JM; Sharland, M, 2016)	2.17
" Further studies that address safety concerns relating to high-dose intermittent dosing regimens are needed."	( Vancomycin toxicity in neonates: a review of the evidence. Heath, PT; Hill, LF; Lestner, JM; Sharland, M, 2016)	1.88
" Of these 67 patients, 24 patients made vancomycin dosage adjustment (increased to 18."	( The pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Chen, EZ; Feng, J; He, J; Jiang, HT; Mao, EQ; Yang, WH, 2016)	1.01
" Higher dosage regimens are needed to ensure the clinical effect."	( The pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Chen, EZ; Feng, J; He, J; Jiang, HT; Mao, EQ; Yang, WH, 2016)	0.74
" The recommendations included for vancomycin, aminoglycoside, and β-lactam dosing and monitoring are based primarily on expert opinion and do not consider available evidence for dose optimization based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles in pediatric patients."	( Optimizing Guideline-Recommended Antibiotic Doses for Pediatric Infective Endocarditis. Israel, EN; Knoderer, CA; Nichols, KR; Thomas, CA, 2016)	0.71
" Vancomycin was administered through intravenous infusion, and dosing was guided by therapeutic drug monitoring."	( Switching From Intermittent to Continuous Infusion of Vancomycin in Critically Ill Patients: Toward a More Robust Exposure. Gipmans, S; Petjak, M; van Maarseveen, EM; van Zanten, AR; Vasbinder, E, 2016)	1.59
" In the aSAH group, the mean dosing regimen was 17."	( Vancomycin Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Patients with Hemorrhagic Stroke. Durr, EA; Jordan, JD; Morbitzer, KA; Olm-Shipman, CM; Rhoney, DH; Sullivan, KA, 2016)	1.88
"Delivery of antibiotics by various nanosized carriers is proving to be a promising strategy to combat limitations associated with conventional dosage forms and the ever-increasing drug resistance problem."	( Polyelectrolyte complex of vancomycin as a nanoantibiotic: Preparation, in vitro and in silico studies. Govender, T; Kalhapure, RS; Mocktar, C; Rambharose, S; Sikwal, DR; Soliman, M; Vepuri, S, 2016)	0.73
" She had acute kidney injury, requiring daptomycin dosage adjustment."	( Successful Use of High-dose Daptomycin in a Child With Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis. Gnanasambandam, S; Kanjani, A; Nambi, PS; Prabhudesai, S; Ramachandran, B, 2016)	0.43
" Based on validation studies, in most of cases, using a vancomycin dosing nomogram significantly improved and accelerated achievement of target trough concentrations."	( Vancomycin dosing nomograms targeting high serum trough levels in different populations: pros and cons. Elyasi, S; Khalili, H, 2016)	2.12
" Based on the patient-specific parameters thus obtained, AUC24 values were calculated as the vancomycin dosage divided by vancomycin clearance."	( Association of the clinical efficacy of vancomycin with the novel pharmacokinetic parameter area under the trough level (AUTL) in elderly patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia. Fukumori, S; Ishibashi, T; Iwamura, N; Kasai, H; Mizoguchi, A; To, H; Tsuji, Y, 2016)	0.92
"Vancomycin (VCM) dosage optimization in the early stages of therapy is required to achieve target trough serum concentrations, particularly in critically ill patients."	( Augmented Renal Clearance in Pediatric Patients With Febrile Neutropenia Associated With Vancomycin Clearance. Hirai, K; Hirano, K; Ihara, S; Ikegaya, K; Itoh, K; Kinae, A; Suzuki, M, 2016)	2.1
" Adjustment of the initial dosage of VCM is required for achieving optimal therapeutic concentrations in pediatric patients with febrile neutropenia."	( Augmented Renal Clearance in Pediatric Patients With Febrile Neutropenia Associated With Vancomycin Clearance. Hirai, K; Hirano, K; Ihara, S; Ikegaya, K; Itoh, K; Kinae, A; Suzuki, M, 2016)	0.66
" Because sepsis can alter antimicrobial pharmacokinetics, the development of an appropriate dosing strategy to provide adequate concentrations is crucial."	( New Regimen for Continuous Infusion of Vancomycin in Critically Ill Patients. Beumier, M; Cotton, F; Creteur, J; Cristallini, S; Hites, M; Jacobs, F; Kabtouri, H; Lipman, J; Roberts, JA; Taccone, FS; Vincent, JL, 2016)	0.7
" Commercially available grape-flavored vancomycin oral preparation and compounded vancomycin for intravenous use in cherry syrup oral preparation were divided into 5-mL aliquots into heat-sealed plastic dosing cups and capped oral-dosing syringes."	( Stability of Commercially Available Grape and Compounded Cherry Oral Vancomycin Preparations Stored in Syringes and Cups. Brown, S; Kirk, L; Lewis, P; Luu, Y, )	0.64
"The association between vancomycin dosage and serum trough vancomycin concentrations in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) was examined."	( Relationship between vancomycin dosage and serum trough vancomycin concentrations in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis. Durham, SH; Eiland, LS; Garza, KB, 2016)	1.06
" Admission-level data, including vancomycin dosage regimens and corresponding serum trough vancomycin concentrations, were collected."	( Relationship between vancomycin dosage and serum trough vancomycin concentrations in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis. Durham, SH; Eiland, LS; Garza, KB, 2016)	1.03
"1 dosage adjustments."	( Relationship between vancomycin dosage and serum trough vancomycin concentrations in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis. Durham, SH; Eiland, LS; Garza, KB, 2016)	0.75
"A study of hospital admissions involving pediatric patients with CF revealed no significant correlation, when all admissions were considered, between the initial or final vancomycin dosage regimen and the corresponding serum trough vancomycin concentration."	( Relationship between vancomycin dosage and serum trough vancomycin concentrations in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis. Durham, SH; Eiland, LS; Garza, KB, 2016)	0.95
" Currently, there are no studies evaluating dosing requirements in this population who receive vancomycin administered as a continuous infusion (CI)."	( Daily vancomycin dose requirements as a continuous infusion in obese versus non-obese SICU patients. Levine, AR; Lin, H; Yeh, DD, 2016)	1.13
" Omadacycline offers once daily oral and IV dosing and a clinical tolerability and safety profile that compares favorably with contemporary antibiotics used across serious community-acquired infections where resistance has rendered many less effective."	( Discovery, pharmacology, and clinical profile of omadacycline, a novel aminomethylcycline antibiotic. Steenbergen, J; Tanaka, SK; Villano, S, 2016)	0.43
"Although vancomycin concentrations in neurosurgical patients tend to be lower following standard dosing compared with other patient populations, factors influencing vancomycin pharmacokinetics in neurosurgical patients are poorly understood."	( Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in neurosurgical and non-neurosurgical patients. Choi, SA; Kim, AJ; Lee, JY; Shin, WG, 2016)	1.12
"In pediatric cancer patients, determination of optimal vancomycin dosage is essential because of high risk of inadequate concentrations and bacterial resistance."	( Pediatric Patients With Solid or Hematological Tumor Disease: Vancomycin Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosage Optimization. André, N; Boulamery, A; Coze, C; Dupouey, J; Galambrun, C; Guilhaumou, R; Marsot, A; Simon, N, 2016)	0.92
" Vancomycin pharmacokinetic population parameters were determined using NONMEM software, and dosage simulations were performed according to the target concentration (20-25 mg/L)."	( Pediatric Patients With Solid or Hematological Tumor Disease: Vancomycin Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosage Optimization. André, N; Boulamery, A; Coze, C; Dupouey, J; Galambrun, C; Guilhaumou, R; Marsot, A; Simon, N, 2016)	1.58
" Based on simulation results, vancomycin dosage (milligram per kilogram) should be adapted to each child on the basis of its body weight and cyclosporine coadministration."	( Pediatric Patients With Solid or Hematological Tumor Disease: Vancomycin Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosage Optimization. André, N; Boulamery, A; Coze, C; Dupouey, J; Galambrun, C; Guilhaumou, R; Marsot, A; Simon, N, 2016)	0.96
"Our results highlight the requirement to adapt vancomycin dosage in cancer pediatric population."	( Pediatric Patients With Solid or Hematological Tumor Disease: Vancomycin Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosage Optimization. André, N; Boulamery, A; Coze, C; Dupouey, J; Galambrun, C; Guilhaumou, R; Marsot, A; Simon, N, 2016)	0.93
"Evaluate the clinical impact of pharmacist-initiated vancomycin monitoring and dosing in a long-term care setting."	( Impact of a Pharmacist-Initiated Vancomycin Monitoring Program. Cohen, H; James, M; Millares-Sipin, CA; Smith, AP, 2016)	0.97
" Findings from the analysis suggest that standard dosing recommendations for vancomycin in non-ECMO patients are adequate to achieve therapeutic trough concentrations in ECMO patients."	( A Population Pharmacokinetic Model for Vancomycin in Adult Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Therapy. Ahamadi, M; Cavarocchi, NC; Healy, JR; Kraft, WK; Moore, JN; Peahota, MM; Schmidt, L; Thoma, BN, 2016)	0.93
" In patients with ARC, individualized dosing regimens are required to achieve the target trough concentration."	( Augmented Renal Clearance in Patients With Febrile Neutropenia is Associated With Increased Risk for Subtherapeutic Concentrations of Vancomycin. Hirai, K; Inoue, K; Ishii, H; Itoh, K; Kadoiri, T; Shimomura, T; Shimoshikiryo, T; Tsuji, D, 2016)	0.64
"Current vancomycin dosing guidelines recommend targeting trough concentrations of 15-20 mg/L in complicated infections to avoid treatment failure and resistance."	( Evaluation of weight-based vancomycin dosing for hospitalized hemodialysis patients. Maxson, R; Pate, J; Starr, J, 2016)	1.17
"Compare achievement of goal (15-20 mg/L) pre-IHD vancomycin levels between a group of patients dosed prior to implementation of this weight-based vancomycin dosing protocol and a group dosed after implementation."	( Evaluation of weight-based vancomycin dosing for hospitalized hemodialysis patients. Maxson, R; Pate, J; Starr, J, 2016)	0.99
"Simplifying and standardizing vancomycin dosing for hospitalized IHD patients based on weight resulted in 37% of patients achieving goal pre-IHD vancomycin level of 15-20 mg/L with zero patients having a pre-IHD vancomycin level <10 mg/L."	( Evaluation of weight-based vancomycin dosing for hospitalized hemodialysis patients. Maxson, R; Pate, J; Starr, J, 2016)	1.02
"There are many methods for dosing vancomycin."	( Comparison of open-access vancomycin dosing websites. Fewel, NP, 2017)	1.03
"A vancomycin dosing website, Vancomycin-Calculator."	( Comparison of open-access vancomycin dosing websites. Fewel, NP, 2017)	1.48
"com is an open-access vancomycin dosing website that was developed using the Bauer PK method."	( Comparison of open-access vancomycin dosing websites. Fewel, NP, 2017)	1.07
"Optimized dosage regimens of antibiotics have remained obscure since their introduction."	( [Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibiotics in intensive care]. Bulitta, J; Christ, M; Glaser, R; Höhl, R; Holzgrabe, U; Junger, A; Kinzig, M; Landersdorfer, C; Munz, M; Sörgel, F; Stelzer, C; Vormittag, M; Wilhelm, M, 2017)	0.46
" The dosage of VCM must be adjusted by using therapeutic drug monitoring because of the drug's narrow therapeutic concentration window."	( Duration of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Influences Serum Vancomycin Concentration in Patients With Sepsis. Chuma, M; Imai, T; Kaburaki, M; Kikuchi, N; Kinoshita, K; Makishima, M; Sakaue, T; Tochikura, N; Yoshida, Y, 2016)	0.67
" Modifying VCM dosing according to SIRS duration will improve prediction accuracy of VCM concentration based on therapeutic drug monitoring."	( Duration of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Influences Serum Vancomycin Concentration in Patients With Sepsis. Chuma, M; Imai, T; Kaburaki, M; Kikuchi, N; Kinoshita, K; Makishima, M; Sakaue, T; Tochikura, N; Yoshida, Y, 2016)	0.67
" Elderly patients have unique characteristics that make dosing vancomycin a challenge for clinicians, such as increased volume of distribution and decreased renal function."	( Intravenous Vancomycin Dosing in the Elderly: A Focus on Clinical Issues and Practical Application. Barber, KE; Bell, AM; Stover, KR; Wagner, JL, 2016)	1.05
"7%) cases with an average vancomycin dosage of 40."	( Impact of Initial Vancomycin Trough Concentration on Clinical and Microbiological Outcomes of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in Children. Kim, SH; Lee, J; Yoo, RN, 2017)	1.09
"Paediatric ICU patients, in whom intravenous intermittent dosing (ID) or continuous dosing (CD) with vancomycin was indicated, were included."	( Impact of vancomycin protein binding on target attainment in critically ill children: back to the drawing board? Biarent, D; Colman, S; Commeyne, S; De Cock, PA; De Jaeger, A; De Paepe, P; Desmet, S; Dhont, E; Herck, I; Stove, V; Vande Walle, J; Vens, D, 2017)	1.07
" Vancomycin dosing information to ensure optimal AUC24/MIC in the pediatric population remains limited."	( Evaluation of clinical outcome in children and adolescents receiving vancomycin for invasive infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: impact of increasing vancomycin MICs. Arun, A; Hammerschlag, MR; Jacob, K; Kohlhoff, SA; Sharma, R; Swamy, S, 2018)	1.63
" Current recommended vancomycin dosing in children did not achieve a trough concentration of >15 µg/mL in majority of the patients and none achieved an AUC24/MIC>400."	( Evaluation of clinical outcome in children and adolescents receiving vancomycin for invasive infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: impact of increasing vancomycin MICs. Arun, A; Hammerschlag, MR; Jacob, K; Kohlhoff, SA; Sharma, R; Swamy, S, 2018)	1.03
"Comparing with traditional drug dosage form, controlled release systems offer more effective and favorable route to deliver drugs in optimum dose to specific sites with long term release duration."	( Construction of poly (vinyl alcohol)/poly (lactide-glycolide acid)/vancomycin nanoparticles on titanium for enhancing the surface self-antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility. Liu, X; Liu, Z; Wu, S; Yeung, KWK; Zhu, Y, 2017)	0.69
" Therefore, this study was to develop optimal dosing regimen of vancomycin in very low birth weight neonates."	( Assessment of optimal initial dosing regimen with vancomycin pharmacokinetics model in very low birth weight neonates. Hagihara, M; Kato, H; Koizumi, Y; Matsuura, K; Mikamo, H; Nishiyama, N; Yamagishi, Y, 2017)	0.95
"We recommended vancomycin 10 mg/kg TID as initial dosage regimens for low birth weight neonates infected with the pathogens showed MIC of ≤1 μg/mL."	( Assessment of optimal initial dosing regimen with vancomycin pharmacokinetics model in very low birth weight neonates. Hagihara, M; Kato, H; Koizumi, Y; Matsuura, K; Mikamo, H; Nishiyama, N; Yamagishi, Y, 2017)	1.06
" We recommended that vancomycin therapy should be monitored with TDM-guided optimization of dosage and intervals, especially in neutropenic patients."	( Neutropenia is independently associated with sub-therapeutic serum concentration of vancomycin. Choe, YH; Choi, MH; Jeong, SH; Kim, JH; Lee, SG, 2017)	1
"There was a marked decrease in the incidence of DSWI during the study period, concurrent with institutional implementation of revised STS antibiotic dosing guidelines in 2007 and other strategies."	( Vancomycin Paste Does Not Reduce the Incidence of Deep Sternal Wound Infection After Cardiac Operations. Body, SC; Ejiofor, JI; Lander, HL; McGurk, S; Shekar, P; Tsuyoshi, K, 2017)	1.9
" Studies on pharmacokinetic and dosage regimens of vancomycin in intensive care unit patients are necessary to circumvent this high proportion of failures to obtain adequate initial vancomycin trough levels."	( Currently used dosage regimens of vancomycin fail to achieve therapeutic levels in approximately 40% of intensive care unit patients. Carrilho, CM; Delfino, VD; Obara, VY; Zacas, CP, )	0.66
" A new protocol was developed with fixed weight-based loading and subsequent dosing guided by pre-dialysis levels, target levels were 10-20mg/L."	( An Approach to Optimise Therapeutic Vancomycin Dosage in a Haemodialysis Population. Fennell, J; Gunning, H; Lavin, P; Mellotte, G; Murphy, P; Smyth, A; Taylor, G; Wall, C, 2016)	0.71
" Dosing regimens were selected and implemented after an individualized goal trough range was established (10-15 or 15-20mg/L)."	( Cystatin C-Guided Vancomycin Dosing in Critically Ill Patients: A Quality Improvement Project. Barreto, JN; Dierkhising, RA; Frazee, E; Kashani, KB; Kuper, PJ; Leung, N; Lieske, JC; Rule, AD; Virk, A, 2017)	0.79
" To guide the dosage regimens, monitoring of VCM in CSF is needed."	( A UPLC-MS/MS method for analysis of vancomycin in human cerebrospinal fluid and comparison with the chemiluminescence immunoassay. Chen, G; Chen, K; Chen, R; Li, X; Mei, S; Wang, J; Wang, Q; Zhao, Z; Zhou, J; Zhu, L, 2017)	0.73
" Currently there is no quantitative approach that can be used by clinicians to adjust dosing so that toxic drug concentrations can be brought back to levels observed with safe and efficacious therapeutic doses."	( Facilitate Treatment Adjustment After Overdosing: Another Step Toward 21st-Century Medicine. Koch, G; Pfister, M; Schropp, J, 2017)	0.46
" The aim of this study was to propose a new dosing regimen of vancomycin taking into account the dialysis-related losses of vancomycin when administered during dialysis."	( Vancomycin during the Last Hour of the Hemodialysis Session: A Pharmacokinetic Analysis. Birmelé, B; Büchler, M; Chasseuil, E; Darrouzain, F; François, M; Ghouti-Terki, L; Halimi, JM; Paintaud, G; Rabot, N; Ternant, D, 2017)	2.14
" Daptomycin was administered once daily with dosing by patient age: 12 to 17 years, 5 mg/kg; 7 to 11 years, 7 mg/kg; 2 to 6 years, 9 mg/kg; 12 to 23 months, 10 mg/kg."	( Daptomycin for Complicated Skin Infections: A Randomized Trial. Anastasiou, D; Arnold, SR; Arrieta, A; Bokesch, P; Bradley, J; Congeni, B; Daum, RS; Glasser, C; Kojaoghlanian, T; Patino, H; Wolf, DJ; Yoon, M, 2017)	0.46
" The goal of this study was to examine the effects of cumulative intravenous (IV)-AG (amikacin and/or tobramycin) and/or glycopeptide (vancomycin) dosing on hearing status in patients with CF."	( The cumulative effects of intravenous antibiotic treatments on hearing in patients with cystic fibrosis. Carroll, K; Cohen, DM; Cross, CP; Feeney, MP; Garinis, AC; Gold, JA; Hunter, LL; Keefe, DH; Putterman, DB; Srikanth, P; Steyger, PS, 2017)	0.66
" Dosing was calculated using two strategies: (i) total number of lifetime doses, and (ii) total number of lifetime doses while accounting for the total doses per day."	( The cumulative effects of intravenous antibiotic treatments on hearing in patients with cystic fibrosis. Carroll, K; Cohen, DM; Cross, CP; Feeney, MP; Garinis, AC; Gold, JA; Hunter, LL; Keefe, DH; Putterman, DB; Srikanth, P; Steyger, PS, 2017)	0.46
"Cumulative IV-antibiotic dosing has a significant negative effect on hearing sensitivity in patients with CF, when controlling for age and gender effects."	( The cumulative effects of intravenous antibiotic treatments on hearing in patients with cystic fibrosis. Carroll, K; Cohen, DM; Cross, CP; Feeney, MP; Garinis, AC; Gold, JA; Hunter, LL; Keefe, DH; Putterman, DB; Srikanth, P; Steyger, PS, 2017)	0.46
" There were eight patients where one or both maternal and/or cord blood values were non-therapeutic, but in six of these, there was a regimen violation regarding timing of the next dose or total dosage administered."	( Transplacental passage of vancomycin. Towers, CV; Weitz, B, 2018)	0.78
"Using a vancomycin-dosing regimen of 20 mg/kg IV every 8 h (maximum individual dose of 2 g) produces therapeutic levels in more than 75% of mother/newborn pairs and this can exceed 90% when dosing regimens are correctly followed."	( Transplacental passage of vancomycin. Towers, CV; Weitz, B, 2018)	1.22
" The aims of the study were (i) to investigate the pharmacokinetics and CSF penetration of norvancomycin in meningitis and non-meningitis patients and (ii) to recommend favourable dosing regimens in meningitis patients."	( Pharmacokinetics and cerebrospinal fluid penetration of norvancomycin in Chinese adult patients. He, S; Li, J; Lu, C; Yang, Z, 2017)	0.92
" Although vancomycin dosing should be weight-based (15 mg/kg), not all surgeons are aware of this; a fixed 1-g dose is instead frequently administered."	( Vancomycin Prophylaxis for Total Joint Arthroplasty: Incorrectly Dosed and Has a Higher Rate of Periprosthetic Infection Than Cefazolin. Azboy, I; Kheir, MM; Parvizi, J; Tan, DD; Tan, TL, 2017)	2.3
" Adequate vancomycin dosing was defined as 15 mg/kg and within the 125-mg range."	( Vancomycin Prophylaxis for Total Joint Arthroplasty: Incorrectly Dosed and Has a Higher Rate of Periprosthetic Infection Than Cefazolin. Azboy, I; Kheir, MM; Parvizi, J; Tan, DD; Tan, TL, 2017)	2.3
" Ten percent of PJIs in the vancomycin underdosed group (two of 20) was caused by MRSA, and no patients with adequate dosing or overdosing of vancomycin developed PJI with MRSA."	( Vancomycin Prophylaxis for Total Joint Arthroplasty: Incorrectly Dosed and Has a Higher Rate of Periprosthetic Infection Than Cefazolin. Azboy, I; Kheir, MM; Parvizi, J; Tan, DD; Tan, TL, 2017)	2.19
"The majority of patients given vancomycin prophylaxis are underdosed according to the weight-based dosage recommendations, and MRSA did not occur in patients who were adequately dosed with vancomycin."	( Vancomycin Prophylaxis for Total Joint Arthroplasty: Incorrectly Dosed and Has a Higher Rate of Periprosthetic Infection Than Cefazolin. Azboy, I; Kheir, MM; Parvizi, J; Tan, DD; Tan, TL, 2017)	2.18
" There is a need for clearer guidelines regarding dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin for patient subgroups."	( Vancomycin levels are frequently subtherapeutic in critically ill patients: a prospective observational study. Bakke, V; Bugge, JF; Hårvig, KR; Helset, E; Lao, Y; Nordøy, I; Nyrerød, HC; Sandvik, L; Sporsem, H; Von der Lippe, E, 2017)	2.12
"Locally administered vancomycin provides drug delivery in excess of IV dosing for approximately 48h after intervention."	( Bone penetrance of locally administered vancomycin powder in a rat femur fracture model. Drew, A; Frederiksen, H; Kubiak, EN; Loc-Carrillo, C; Working, ZM, 2017)	1.04
"Individualised drug dosing has been shown to improve patient outcomes and reduce adverse drug events."	( Individualised medicine: why we need Bayesian dosing. Barras, MA; Donagher, J; Martin, JH, 2017)	0.46
"Results of a study comparing the performance of allometric versus consensus guideline-recommended vancomycin dosing in achieving initial trough concentrations within the desired range are reported."	( Allometric versus consensus guideline dosing in achieving target vancomycin trough concentrations. Brown, ML; Childress, DT; Gaillard, PR; Hutchison, AM; McAtee, AM, 2017)	0.91
"A retrospective study was conducted to compare selected outcomes with 2 vancomycin dosing methods: (1) dosing by total body weight, as recommended in current consensus guidelines, and (2) a new empirical vancomycin dosing strategy grounded in allometry (the study of the relationship between body size and physiology)."	( Allometric versus consensus guideline dosing in achieving target vancomycin trough concentrations. Brown, ML; Childress, DT; Gaillard, PR; Hutchison, AM; McAtee, AM, 2017)	0.93
"In hospitalized adults, allometric vancomycin dosing achieved a higher frequency of initial vancomycin trough concentrations within the target range of 10-20 mg/L, compared with dosing as recommended by consensus guidelines."	( Allometric versus consensus guideline dosing in achieving target vancomycin trough concentrations. Brown, ML; Childress, DT; Gaillard, PR; Hutchison, AM; McAtee, AM, 2017)	0.97
" Further research is needed to determine the optimal local antibiotic type and dosing to maximize infection clearance and minimize potential side effects."	( Acute Kidney Injury After First-Stage Joint Revision for Infection: Risk Factors and the Impact of Antibiotic Dosing. Chen, A; Cunn, G; Geller, JA; Herschmiller, T; Murtaugh, T, 2017)	0.46
" Following taper to once-daily vancomycin dosing, 22 of 36 patients (61%) who received every-other-day dosing (QOD) and 50 of 64 (81%) who received QOD followed by every-third-day dosing were cured (P = ."	( Vancomycin Taper and Pulse Regimen With Careful Follow-up for Patients With Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection. Gerding, DN; Johnson, S; Lum, J; Manzo, C; Sirbu, BD; Soriano, MM, 2017)	2.18
" Therefore, higher dosage regimen was needed to ensure the clinical effect, and reduce the bacterial resistance."	( [Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in patients with severe acute pancreatitis and its influencing factors: analysis of 7 years data]. Chen, E; He, J; Jiang, H; Jing, F; Mao, E; Yang, W, 2017)	0.77
" As augmented renal clearance results in subtherapeutic antibiotic concentrations, optimal dosing is essential in those exhibiting augmented renal clearance."	( Augmented Renal Clearance Using Population-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients. Avedissian, SN; Bradley, E; Bradley, JS; Le, J; Nazer, LH; Nguyen, A; Tran, TM; Zhang, D, 2017)	0.46
" The intermittent and continuous infusion dosing regimens that provided for the highest percentage of trough concentrations in the range of 10-20 mg/L were the 10 mg/kg/dose IV q8h, 12."	( Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment of Vancomycin in Neonates on Extracorporeal Life Support. Carella, DM; Chopra, A; Cies, JJ; Knoderer, CA; Moore, WS; Nichols, K, 2017)	0.69
" Considering this, a more aggressive initial dosing regimen may need to be employed in infants on extracorporeal life support."	( Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment of Vancomycin in Neonates on Extracorporeal Life Support. Carella, DM; Chopra, A; Cies, JJ; Knoderer, CA; Moore, WS; Nichols, K, 2017)	0.69
" The adverse event profile of both iclaprim dosing regimens was similar to that of vancomycin."	( A Phase II Randomized, Double-blind, Multicenter Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Iclaprim Versus Vancomycin for the Treatment of Nosocomial Pneumonia Suspected or Confirmed to be Due to Gram-positive Pathogens. Corey, GR; Dryden, M; File, TM; Hadvary, P; Huang, DB; Shorr, AF; Torres, A; Wilcox, MH, 2017)	0.89
" However, the best dosing regimen to produce the safest optimal prophylactic effect remains to be determined."	( Experience With Prophylactic Gentamicin During Penile Prosthesis Surgery: A Retrospective Comparison of Two Different Doses. Bianco, F; Gheiler, E; Gheiler, V; Klopukh, B; Lopez, I; Nehrenz, GM; Perito, P; Xie, D, 2017)	0.46
" In group 1 (standard vancomycin dosing algorithm), the maintenance doses of vancomycin were adjusted according to the pre-hemodialysis vancomycin concentrations determined before each hemodialysis session."	( Optimization of therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin in patients with chronic hemodialysis . Chaabouni, Y; Feriani, H; Ghozzi, H; Hachicha, J; Hakim, A; Jmaa, MB; Kharrat, M; Mahmoud, LB; Marrakchi, C; Sahnoun, Z; Zeghal, K, 2017)	1.03
"The vancomycin dosing algorithm using limited concentration monitoring for hemodialysis patients achieved drug concentrations comparable to those found with more frequent monitoring and resulted in significant cost savings."	( Optimization of therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin in patients with chronic hemodialysis . Chaabouni, Y; Feriani, H; Ghozzi, H; Hachicha, J; Hakim, A; Jmaa, MB; Kharrat, M; Mahmoud, LB; Marrakchi, C; Sahnoun, Z; Zeghal, K, 2017)	1.27
" Most modified regimens were still effective even after reducing the duration or dosage of vancomycin."	( An in silico evaluation of treatment regimens for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Blanco, N; Eisenberg, MC; Foxman, B; Malani, AN; Rickard, AH; Walk, S; Zhang, M, 2017)	0.68
" The aims of the study were to determine if there were dose-response curves with urinary KIM-1, and to evaluate the impact of therapy duration and sex on observed relationships."	( Dose, duration, and animal sex predict vancomycin-associated acute kidney injury in preclinical studies. Avedissian, S; Catovic, L; Cluff, C; Griffin, B; Gulati, A; Joshi, MD; Liu, J; Lodise, TP; Miglis, CM; O'Donnell, JN; Pais, G; Prozialeck, W; Rhodes, NJ; Scheetz, MH, 2018)	0.75
" Sigmoidal Hill-type models were fit to the individual dose-response data."	( Dose, duration, and animal sex predict vancomycin-associated acute kidney injury in preclinical studies. Avedissian, S; Catovic, L; Cluff, C; Griffin, B; Gulati, A; Joshi, MD; Liu, J; Lodise, TP; Miglis, CM; O'Donnell, JN; Pais, G; Prozialeck, W; Rhodes, NJ; Scheetz, MH, 2018)	0.75
" For all pooled rats, increasing total daily vancomycin doses displayed a dose-response curve with urinary KIM-1 concentrations (50% maximal toxic response=130."	( Dose, duration, and animal sex predict vancomycin-associated acute kidney injury in preclinical studies. Avedissian, S; Catovic, L; Cluff, C; Griffin, B; Gulati, A; Joshi, MD; Liu, J; Lodise, TP; Miglis, CM; O'Donnell, JN; Pais, G; Prozialeck, W; Rhodes, NJ; Scheetz, MH, 2018)	1.01
"The collective findings demonstrate a clear dose-response relationship between vancomycin dose and AKI."	( Dose, duration, and animal sex predict vancomycin-associated acute kidney injury in preclinical studies. Avedissian, S; Catovic, L; Cluff, C; Griffin, B; Gulati, A; Joshi, MD; Liu, J; Lodise, TP; Miglis, CM; O'Donnell, JN; Pais, G; Prozialeck, W; Rhodes, NJ; Scheetz, MH, 2018)	0.98
" At least five rats were utilized for each dosing protocol."	( 24-Hour Pharmacokinetic Relationships for Vancomycin and Novel Urinary Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury. Briyal, S; Cluff, C; Day, JZ; Gulati, A; Joshi, MD; Lamar, PC; Lodise, TP; Miglis, CM; O'Donnell, JN; Pais, G; Prozialeck, WC; Rhodes, NJ; Scheetz, MH; Venkatesan, N, 2017)	0.72
"Antibiotics such as vancomycin are empirically dosed on the basis of body weight, which may not be optimal across the expanding adult body size distribution."	( Relationships of Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics to Body Size and Composition Using a Novel Pharmacomorphomic Approach Based on Medical Imaging. Derstine, BA; Lichty, M; Pai, MP; Ross, BE; Su, GL; Sullivan, JA; Wang, SC, 2017)	1.12
"The practice of intentional rounding up of serum creatinine (SCr) in elderly patients with low measured values can lead to an underestimation of creatinine clearance and subsequent inaccurate dosing of medications."	( Methodological Study of Vancomycin Dosing in Elderly Patients Using Actual Serum Creatinine Versus Rounded Serum Creatinine. Baumhover, S; Daniel, M; Eidson, D; Green, J; Young, T, 2017)	0.76
"Using actual SCr to perform vancomycin dosing calculations more accurately predicted measured vancomycin troughs than using an SCr rounded to 1 mg/dL."	( Methodological Study of Vancomycin Dosing in Elderly Patients Using Actual Serum Creatinine Versus Rounded Serum Creatinine. Baumhover, S; Daniel, M; Eidson, D; Green, J; Young, T, 2017)	1.06
"To determine the optimal vancomycin dosing regimen to achieve empirical goal trough concentrations in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease and to examine the impact of cardiopulmonary bypass on vancomycin dosing requirements."	( Empirical Vancomycin Dosing in Pediatric Patients with Congenital Heart Disease and the Impact of Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Trough Concentrations. Menon, S; Picone, A; Thomas, CA; Willis, BC, 2017)	1.16
"Empirical vancomycin dosing to achieve troughs of 8-15 μg/dl in patients with congenital heart disease without evidence of significant acute kidney injury should be 30 mg/kg/day for neonates, 35-40 mg/kg/day for infants, and 45 mg/kg/day in children, with adjustments required for patients with elevated creatinine or significant aortic cross-clamp time."	( Empirical Vancomycin Dosing in Pediatric Patients with Congenital Heart Disease and the Impact of Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Trough Concentrations. Menon, S; Picone, A; Thomas, CA; Willis, BC, 2017)	1.26
" The objectives of this study were to evaluate the appropriateness of the initial dosing regimen of vancomycin, identify factors to be considered in regimen selection and develop a new dosing nomogram."	( Assessment of Appropriateness of an Initial Dosing Regimen of Vancomycin and Development of a New Dosing Nomogram. Jang, IJ; Lee, S; Park, KR; Park, WB; Song, SH; Yoon, S; Yu, KS, 2018)	0.94
"The proposed final model may be used to guide clinicians with vancomycin dosing in this specific patient population."	( Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in postoperative neurosurgical patients after combined intravenous and intraventricular administration. Chen, K; Li, X; Ling, X; Sun, S; Wang, Q; Zhao, Z, 2017)	0.94
" Adjustments of increased dosage or 24-hour continuous infusion or increase vancomycin dose were made for patients if the steady-state trough concentrations fell below the target level."	( [PK/PD of vancomycin in patients with severe acute pancreatitis combined with augmented renal clearance]. Chen, E; He, J; Jiang, H; Jing, F; Mao, E; Xu, W; Yang, W, 2017)	1.09
" Compared with the only increasing vancomycin dose group (n = 29), vancomycin continuous infusion for 24 hours (n = 21) could significantly reduce daily dosage (mg/kg: 13."	( [PK/PD of vancomycin in patients with severe acute pancreatitis combined with augmented renal clearance]. Chen, E; He, J; Jiang, H; Jing, F; Mao, E; Xu, W; Yang, W, 2017)	1.13
"Despite vancomycin being in use for over half-a-century, it is still not dosed or monitored appropriately in many centers around the world."	( Sustained improvement in vancomycin dosing and monitoring post-implementation of guidelines: Results of a three-year follow-up after a multifaceted intervention in an Australian teaching hospital. Gordon, DL; McKinnon, RA; Phillips, CJ; Woodman, RJ, 2018)	1.22
"A multifaceted intervention to implement a vancomycin dosing and monitoring guideline significantly improved prescribing, monitoring, pharmacokinetic and safety outcomes for patients treated with vancomycin over an extended period."	( Sustained improvement in vancomycin dosing and monitoring post-implementation of guidelines: Results of a three-year follow-up after a multifaceted intervention in an Australian teaching hospital. Gordon, DL; McKinnon, RA; Phillips, CJ; Woodman, RJ, 2018)	1.05
"Therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin is an important issue in clinical decision-making and dosage modifying, particularly among patients in critical conditions and decreased kidney function."	( Urine Vancomycin Level as a Method for Drug Monitoring in Patients With Normal and Decreased Kidney Function. Alavi Darazam, I; Ayoubian, Z; Sajadi, MM; Shokouhi, S, 2017)	1.22
" This study is the first to evaluate a CIV regimen in patients undergoing CVVH that incorporates weight-based CVVH intensity (mL/kg/h) into the dosing nomogram."	( Prospective evaluation of a continuous infusion vancomycin dosing nomogram in critically ill patients undergoing continuous venovenous haemofiltration. de Moya, MA; Elshaboury, RH; Lin, H; Newman, K; Sin, JH; Yeh, DD, 2018)	0.74
"By incorporating CVVH intensity into the CIV dosing nomogram, the majority of patients achieved therapeutic concentrations at 24 h and maintained them within range at 48 and 72 h."	( Prospective evaluation of a continuous infusion vancomycin dosing nomogram in critically ill patients undergoing continuous venovenous haemofiltration. de Moya, MA; Elshaboury, RH; Lin, H; Newman, K; Sin, JH; Yeh, DD, 2018)	0.74
" Daily CSF drug monitoring is recommended to define dosage interval to maintain drug concentration above breakpoint of minimum inhibitory concentration."	( Monitoring intraventricular vancomycin for ventriculostomy access device infection in preterm infants. Albur, M; Fellows, G; Heep, A; Parasuraman, JM, 2018)	0.77
"Our main aim has been to design a framework to improve vancomycin dosing in neonates."	( DosOpt: A Tool for Personalized Bayesian Dose Adjustment of Vancomycin in Neonates. Kalamees, R; Lutsar, I; Metsvaht, T; Tasa, T; Vilo, J, 2017)	0.94
"Appropriate initial dosing of vancomycin (VCM) is important in improving survival and in preventing nephrotoxicity in critically ill patients, but the potential relationship between initial VCM trough levels and early-onset nephrotoxicity remains unclear."	( Relationship Between Initial Vancomycin Trough Levels and Early-Onset Vancomycin-Associated Nephrotoxicity in Critically Ill Patients. Chuma, M; Imai, T; Kikuchi, N; Kinoshita, K; Komatsu, T; Kuwana, T; Makishima, M; Sakaue, T; Sawada, N; Suzuki, S; Tochikura, N; Yoshida, Y, 2018)	1.06
"To characterize the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin dosing in thermal or inhalation injury as they relate to percent total body surface area burn (TBSA) and days since injury (DSI)."	( Characterization of variables for potential impact on vancomycin pharmacokinetics in thermal or inhalation injury. Elder, K; Hickerson, WL; Hill, DM, 2018)	1
"The small clinical difference in population and patient-specific elimination rate constants demonstrates that population pharmacokinetics may be an accurate empiric dosing strategy for determining vancomycin dose frequency in patients with acute brain injury."	( Evaluation of Intravenous Vancomycin Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Patients With Acute Brain Injury. Joseph, AC; Kurczewski, L; Oswalt, A; Sima, A, 2019)	1
"Continuous vancomycin has been previously reported to maximize antimicrobial activity while avoiding toxicities associated with dose escalation, but the efficacy of this dosing strategy has not been reported."	( Continuous vancomycin in a pediatric cystic fibrosis patient. Esther, CR; McKinzie, CJ; Vece, TJ, 2018)	1.26
" Modifying dosing according to SIRS will improve the prediction accuracy of drug concentration based on TDM."	( [Evaluation of Pharmacotherapy on Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine: The Influence of Intensity and Duration of Invasion]. Imai, T, 2017)	0.46
" A dosage regimen table was created for specific patient populations with different weights and drainage amounts to facilitate clinical application."	( Factors Influencing Norvancomycin Concentration in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid in Patients After Craniotomy and Dosing Guideline: A Population Approach. Li, X; Sun, S; Wang, Q; Wu, Y; Zhao, Z, 2018)	0.79
" The proposed simulation may be useful to clinicians for norvancomycin dosing in this specific population with normal kidney function."	( Factors Influencing Norvancomycin Concentration in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid in Patients After Craniotomy and Dosing Guideline: A Population Approach. Li, X; Sun, S; Wang, Q; Wu, Y; Zhao, Z, 2018)	1.03
"After more than six decades of its use as the mainstay antibiotic for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections, dosing and monitoring of vancomycin therapy have not been optimized."	( Vancomycin Dosing and Monitoring: Critical Evaluation of the Current Practice. Elbarbry, F, 2018)	2.12
"To review the literature regarding vancomycin pharmacokinetics in obese patients and strategies used to improve dosing in this population."	( Vancomycin Dosing in Obese Patients: Special Considerations and Novel Dosing Strategies. Belliveau, P; Bylo, M; Durand, C; Howard, B, 2018)	2.2
"Included articles were those published in English with a primary focus on vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters in obese patients and practical vancomycin dosing strategies, clinical experiences, or challenges of dosing vancomycin in this population."	( Vancomycin Dosing in Obese Patients: Special Considerations and Novel Dosing Strategies. Belliveau, P; Bylo, M; Durand, C; Howard, B, 2018)	2.15
"Volume of distribution and clearance are the pharmacokinetic parameters that most often affect vancomycin dosing in obese patients; both are increased in this population."	( Vancomycin Dosing in Obese Patients: Special Considerations and Novel Dosing Strategies. Belliveau, P; Bylo, M; Durand, C; Howard, B, 2018)	2.14
"Some of the vancomycin dosing approaches provided promising results in obese patients, but there were notable differences in methods used to develop these approaches, and sample sizes were small."	( Vancomycin Dosing in Obese Patients: Special Considerations and Novel Dosing Strategies. Belliveau, P; Bylo, M; Durand, C; Howard, B, 2018)	2.3
" The pharmacokinetics scoring module was designed specifically for the function of dosing management, searching throughout the EMR and concisely displaying the information a pharmacist needs to make a clinical decision."	( Implementation of a prioritized scoring tool to improve time to pharmacist intervention. Brown, N; Harvin, A; Knoell, D; Mellett, JJJ; Mirtallo, J; Naseman, RW; Tubbs, CR, 2018)	0.48
"The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate whether non-weight-based dosing (non-WBD) or weight-based dosing (WBD) of vancomycin leads to a higher proportion of patients achieving the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target."	( Vancomycin dosing in chronic high-flux haemodialysis: a systematic review. Buising, K; Hui, K; Kirkpatrick, CMJ; Kong, DCM; Nalder, M; Nelson, C; Pedagogos, E; Upjohn, L, 2018)	2.13
"Vancomycin dosing in neonates is challenging because of the large variation in pharmacokinetics."	( Individualized Empiric Vancomycin Dosing in Neonates Using a Model-Based Approach. Frymoyer, A; Goswami, S; Hersh, AL; Keizer, RJ; Stockmann, C, 2019)	2.27
"A model-based dosing approach that individualizes empiric vancomycin dosing was predicted to improve achievement of target exposure levels in neonates."	( Individualized Empiric Vancomycin Dosing in Neonates Using a Model-Based Approach. Frymoyer, A; Goswami, S; Hersh, AL; Keizer, RJ; Stockmann, C, 2019)	1.07
" Available IV vancomycin dosing guidelines in pediatrics with normal renal function leads to less than 50% of patients achieving a vancomycin serum concentration (Css) in the target range (15-20 mg/L)."	( Continuous intravenous vancomycin in children with normal renal function hospitalized in hematology-oncology: prospective validation of a dosing regimen optimizing steady-state concentration. Bergeron, C; Bertrand, Y; Bleyzac, N; Faure-Conter, C; Garnier, N; Goutelle, S; Hoegy, D; Rénard, C, 2018)	1.15
" Dosing errors led to the majority of toxicities with cefuroxime."	( Comparative analysis of the safety and efficacy of intracameral cefuroxime, moxifloxacin and vancomycin at the end of cataract surgery: a meta-analysis. Ambati, BK; Bardsley, T; Bondalapati, S; Bowen, RC; Evans, PR; Greene, T; Kliethermes, M; Lawyer, TW; Mamalis, CA; McFarland, M; Rudnisky, CJ; Shi, D; Snow, KB; Zhou, AX, 2018)	0.7
"Describe and assess a continuous infusion dosing scheme of vancomycin therapy in critically ill children."	( Achievement of Therapeutic Vancomycin Exposure With Continuous Infusion in Critically Ill Children. Benaboud, S; Bouazza, N; Genuini, M; Lesage, F; Moulin, F; Oualha, M; Renolleau, S; Treluyer, JM, 2018)	1.02
"Clinical and biological data, vancomycin dosing information, and plasma concentrations were recorded."	( Achievement of Therapeutic Vancomycin Exposure With Continuous Infusion in Critically Ill Children. Benaboud, S; Bouazza, N; Genuini, M; Lesage, F; Moulin, F; Oualha, M; Renolleau, S; Treluyer, JM, 2018)	1.07
"The current continuous infusion of vancomycin dosing scheme used in our population was inappropriate and led to underexposure."	( Achievement of Therapeutic Vancomycin Exposure With Continuous Infusion in Critically Ill Children. Benaboud, S; Bouazza, N; Genuini, M; Lesage, F; Moulin, F; Oualha, M; Renolleau, S; Treluyer, JM, 2018)	1.05
" Optimal dosing regimens are unclear."	( Review article: the evidence that vancomycin is a therapeutic option for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Ali, AH; Buness, CW; Carey, EJ; Cox, KL; Damman, JL; Lindor, KD; Rodriguez, EA, 2018)	0.76
"Clinical practice guidelines for initiation and therapeutic drug monitoring, but not timing, of vancomycin dosing exist at many institutions."	( Changing the Time of Blood Collection to Determine Vancomycin Concentrations in Intensive Care Unit Patients. Atkinson, LN; Hammond, DA; James, TB; Lusardi, K; Painter, JT, 2018)	0.95
" Therefore, we developed a population pharmacokinetic model to optimize vancomycin dosing and monitoring in pediatrics."	( Optimizing Vancomycin Monitoring in Pediatric Patients. Abouelkheir, M; Aljabri, A; Alqahtani, S; Alrabiaah, A; Alsubaie, S; Alsultan, A; Alzamil, F; Bukhari, E; Somily, AM, 2018)	1.1
" We also used Monet Carlo simulations to evaluate the dosing of vancomycin."	( Optimizing Vancomycin Monitoring in Pediatric Patients. Abouelkheir, M; Aljabri, A; Alqahtani, S; Alrabiaah, A; Alsubaie, S; Alsultan, A; Alzamil, F; Bukhari, E; Somily, AM, 2018)	1.11
"Despite being in clinical use for about 6 decades, vancomycin dosing remains perplexing and complex."	( Hospitalized Patients With and Without Hemodialysis Have Markedly Different Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics: A Population Pharmacokinetic Model-Based Analysis. Chaturvedula, A; Fossler, MJ; Goti, V; Jacob, JT; Mok, S, 2018)	0.96
"A population pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation approach was used to evaluate the efficiency of the current nomogram-based dosing of vancomycin."	( Hospitalized Patients With and Without Hemodialysis Have Markedly Different Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics: A Population Pharmacokinetic Model-Based Analysis. Chaturvedula, A; Fossler, MJ; Goti, V; Jacob, JT; Mok, S, 2018)	0.91
" Dosing nomogram based on these covariate relationships may potentially help in accurate dosing of vancomycin."	( Hospitalized Patients With and Without Hemodialysis Have Markedly Different Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics: A Population Pharmacokinetic Model-Based Analysis. Chaturvedula, A; Fossler, MJ; Goti, V; Jacob, JT; Mok, S, 2018)	0.93
" The validated HPLC method was successfully applied to the analysis of vancomycin hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms."	( STABILITY-INDICATING HPLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF VANCOMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDE IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS. Mahboubi, A; Moghimp, HR; Serri, A; Zarghi, A, 2017)	0.94
" The daily area under the curve (AUC24) of serum concentration versus time to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio of greater than 400 mg × h/L has emerged as a more robust dosing target."	( Vancomycin Area Under the Curve Simplified. Lewis, P, 2018)	1.92
" On the infant's second and third courses of vancomycin, the infant necessitated vancomycin dosing above that of the neonatal protocol, and subsequent levels were still found to be below goal."	( Enhanced Vancomycin Elimination in an Infant Following an Unsuccessful Gastroschisis Repair Surgery. Miskell, D; Prunty, L, 2019)	1.19
" Patient characteristics, vancomycin dosing regimen, Cpre-HD, vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and subsequent culture data were reviewed."	( The ratio of pre-dialysis vancomycin trough serum concentration to minimum inhibitory concentration is associated with treatment outcomes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Fu, CF; Huang, JD; Lin, SW; Wang, JT; Wu, CC, 2018)	1.08
"In this in-silico study, we investigate the clinical utility of target-controlled infusion for antibiotic dosing in an intensive care unit setting using vancomycin as a model compound."	( Target-Controlled Continuous Infusion for Antibiotic Dosing: Proof-of-Principle in an In-silico Vancomycin Trial in Intensive Care Unit Patients. Colin, PJ; Jonckheere, S; Struys, MMRF, 2018)	0.9
" Dosing strategies were compared in terms of the probability of achieving efficacious concentrations as well as the potential for inducing toxicity."	( Target-Controlled Continuous Infusion for Antibiotic Dosing: Proof-of-Principle in an In-silico Vancomycin Trial in Intensive Care Unit Patients. Colin, PJ; Jonckheere, S; Struys, MMRF, 2018)	0.7
"Adaptive target-controlled infusion outperforms rule-based dosing guidelines for vancomycin."	( Target-Controlled Continuous Infusion for Antibiotic Dosing: Proof-of-Principle in an In-silico Vancomycin Trial in Intensive Care Unit Patients. Colin, PJ; Jonckheere, S; Struys, MMRF, 2018)	0.93
"Our study shows that adaptive target-controlled infusion has the potential to become a practical tool for patient-tailored antibiotic dosing in the intensive care unit."	( Target-Controlled Continuous Infusion for Antibiotic Dosing: Proof-of-Principle in an In-silico Vancomycin Trial in Intensive Care Unit Patients. Colin, PJ; Jonckheere, S; Struys, MMRF, 2018)	0.7
" Although the efficacy of locally applied vancomycin has been demonstrated in spine surgery, there is no consensus on dosing and indication within foot and ankle surgery."	( Impact of Vancomycin Treatment on Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells During Osteogenic Differentiation. Bariteau, JT; Kadakia, RJ; Traub, BC; Viggeswarapu, M; Willett, NJ, 2018)	1.15
" When dosed intermittently, difficulties arise from trough collection and drug monitoring."	( Evaluation of Continuous Infusion Vancomycin Administration in a Critically Ill Trauma Population. Bissell, BD; Morrison, C; Riggi, G, 2020)	0.84
" Local data on the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic behavior of various antimicrobials in pediatrics are of great value for dosing adjustment in our pediatric population."	( [Therapeutic monitoring of antimicrobial agents in pediatrics. Review based on Latin American experiences]. Barraza, M; Morales, J; Torres, JP; Zylbersztajn, B, )	0.13
"There is a paucity of data on dosing of continuous infusion of vancomycin (CIV) in pediatric patients, despite it being an attractive treatment option for limiting escalating doses of intermittent infusion of vancomycin."	( Experience with Continuous Infusion Vancomycin Dosing in a Large Pediatric Hospital. Baumgartner, C; Child, J; Hurst, AL; MacBrayne, CE, 2019)	1.03
" Patients <8 years of age require higher dosing than older pediatric patients to reach the goal SVCs of 10 to 15 and 15 to 20 µg/mL."	( Experience with Continuous Infusion Vancomycin Dosing in a Large Pediatric Hospital. Baumgartner, C; Child, J; Hurst, AL; MacBrayne, CE, 2019)	0.79
" Dosage simulations were performed according to the target concentration."	( Vancomycin in Pediatric Patients with Solid or Hematological Malignant Disease: Predictive Performance of a Population Pharmacokinetic Model and New Optimized Dosing Regimens. Andre, N; Blin, O; Coze, C; Galambrun, C; Gallais, F; Guilhaumou, R; Marsot, A, 2018)	1.92
" Based on simulation results, vancomycin dosage (mg/kg) should be adapted for each child on the basis of body weight and cyclosporine coadministration."	( Vancomycin in Pediatric Patients with Solid or Hematological Malignant Disease: Predictive Performance of a Population Pharmacokinetic Model and New Optimized Dosing Regimens. Andre, N; Blin, O; Coze, C; Galambrun, C; Gallais, F; Guilhaumou, R; Marsot, A, 2018)	2.21
" Simulations have enabled the description of new dosage schedules and creation of a chart to help clinicians adapt vancomycin dosage."	( Vancomycin in Pediatric Patients with Solid or Hematological Malignant Disease: Predictive Performance of a Population Pharmacokinetic Model and New Optimized Dosing Regimens. Andre, N; Blin, O; Coze, C; Galambrun, C; Gallais, F; Guilhaumou, R; Marsot, A, 2018)	2.13
"The optimal dosing regimen of vancomycin for critically ill patients receiving continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) remains controversial, not to mention those with concurrent use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)."	( Effect of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation on the New Vancomycin Dosing Regimen in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration. Wu, CC; Wu, CW; Yang, CJ, 2018)	1.01
"All patients receiving CVVH achieved the target Ctrough with this new dosing regimen, but those with concurrent ECMO did not."	( Effect of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation on the New Vancomycin Dosing Regimen in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration. Wu, CC; Wu, CW; Yang, CJ, 2018)	0.73
" During the prospective period, all vancomycin TDM results were followed by dosage individualization using computerized TDM."	( Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Dose Individualization to Achieve Therapeutic Vancomycin Concentrations. Abulfathi, AA; Chirehwa, M; Decloedt, EH; Rosenkranz, B, 2018)	0.98
" Therefore, we aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model of vancomycin in patients undergoing allo-HSCT for effective and safe antimicrobial therapy and to develop a vancomycin dosing nomogram for a vancomycin optimal-dosing strategy."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation. Fukushima, K; Hamori, M; Hashimoto, H; Hiramoto, N; Irie, K; Kajioka, R; Kariya, M; Kasai, H; Maruyama, C; Nishimura, A; Okada, A; Okada, Y; Shibata, N; Sugioka, N, 2018)	1
"Forty-eight patients with ARC were enrolled, of whom 24 patients had adjusted the dosing regimen during the treatment."	( [Clinical verification of vancomycin population pharmacokinetics in patients with augmented renal clearance]. Fang, J; Lu, H; Shang, E; Tang, L; Xue, S; Zhao, F; Zhuang, Z, 2018)	0.78
" Vancomycin dosing did not influence initial trough levels; 78% were <10 µg/mL."	( Vancomycin Monotherapy May Be Insufficient to Treat Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Coinfection in Children With Influenza-related Critical Illness. Ackerman, KG; Bubeck Wardenburg, J; Cvijanovich, N; Gedeit, RG; Giuliano, JS; Hall, MW; Hartman, ME; Markovitz, B; Moffitt, KL; Newhams, MM; Novak, T; Randolph, AG; Sanders, RC; Shein, SL; Tarquinio, KM; Thomas, NJ; Truemper, EJ; Weiss, SL; Xu, R, 2019)	2.87
" Vancomycin 15 mg/kg and cefepime 2 g were dosed at every-8- or 12-hour intervals."	( A Randomized Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Every 8-Hour and 12-Hour Dosing Strategies of Vancomycin and Cefepime in Neurocritically ill Patients. Fish, DN; Foster, CJ; Kassel, LE; Kiser, TH; MacLaren, R; Mueller, SW; Neumann, RT; Sherman, DS; Van Matre, ET; Wempe, MF, 2018)	1.6
" They were divided equally between the every-12-hour and every-8-hour dosing groups."	( A Randomized Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Every 8-Hour and 12-Hour Dosing Strategies of Vancomycin and Cefepime in Neurocritically ill Patients. Fish, DN; Foster, CJ; Kassel, LE; Kiser, TH; MacLaren, R; Mueller, SW; Neumann, RT; Sherman, DS; Van Matre, ET; Wempe, MF, 2018)	0.69
"This study demonstrated that more frequent dosing of vancomycin and cefepime is required to achieve optimal PD targets in adult neurocritically ill patients."	( A Randomized Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Every 8-Hour and 12-Hour Dosing Strategies of Vancomycin and Cefepime in Neurocritically ill Patients. Fish, DN; Foster, CJ; Kassel, LE; Kiser, TH; MacLaren, R; Mueller, SW; Neumann, RT; Sherman, DS; Van Matre, ET; Wempe, MF, 2018)	0.94
" Dosing based on concentrations may be necessary in order to avoid supratherapeutic vancomycin concentrations and associated adverse drug events."	( Supratherapeutic Vancomycin Concentrations Associated With Hypothermia in a Burn Patient. Porter, SA, 2018)	1.05
" In this retrospective study, we compared the time to goal trough attainment and incidence of acute kidney injury in intensive care unit (ICU) patients whose vancomycin was dosed by a pharmacy pharmacokinetic (PK) dosing and monitoring service to the standard of care."	( Individualized Pharmacokinetic Dosing of Vancomycin Reduces Time to Therapeutic Trough Concentrations in Critically Ill Patients. Forland, SC; Smith, SR; Truong, J; Veillette, JJ, 2018)	0.94
"Inappropriate dosing of patients with antibiotics is a driver of antimicrobial resistance, toxicity, and poor outcomes of therapy."	( Closed-Loop Control for Precision Antimicrobial Delivery: An In Silico Proof-of-Concept. Georgiou, P; Herrero, P; Holmes, AH; Moore, LSP; Philip, A; Rawson, TM, 2018)	0.48
" Furthermore, exact dosage of vancomycin with respect to tendon stability and microbiological effectivity is still unknown."	( Biomechanical and microbiological effects of local vancomycin in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction: a porcine tendon model. Efe, T; Heyse, TJ; Lohoff, M; Scharm, A; Schüttler, KF; Sommer, F; Spiess-Naumann, A; Stein, T, 2019)	1.05
"When applying vancomycin for only 10 min, bacterial contamination was found in all dosage groups ranging from 28."	( Biomechanical and microbiological effects of local vancomycin in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction: a porcine tendon model. Efe, T; Heyse, TJ; Lohoff, M; Scharm, A; Schüttler, KF; Sommer, F; Spiess-Naumann, A; Stein, T, 2019)	1.13
"To investigate the effectiveness and safety of clinical pharmacists-directed vancomycin dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), and to promote the individualized medication of vancomycin."	( [Research of optimal dosing regimens and therapeutic drug monitoring for vancomycin by clinical pharmacists: analysis of 7-year data]. Che, Z; Chen, E; He, J; Mao, E; Xu, G, 2018)	0.94
"Information of hospitalized patients treated by vancomycin admitted to Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2011 to October 2017 was collected retrospectively during study period, the patients were divided into pharmacists intervention and non-pharmacists intervention groups according to pharmacist-directed vancomycin dosing guideline or not."	( [Research of optimal dosing regimens and therapeutic drug monitoring for vancomycin by clinical pharmacists: analysis of 7-year data]. Che, Z; Chen, E; He, J; Mao, E; Xu, G, 2018)	0.97
" Compared with the non-pharmacists intervention group, the percentages of patients who received appropriate initial dosing and attained the initial target therapeutic range in pharmacists intervention group were significantly increased [87."	( [Research of optimal dosing regimens and therapeutic drug monitoring for vancomycin by clinical pharmacists: analysis of 7-year data]. Che, Z; Chen, E; He, J; Mao, E; Xu, G, 2018)	0.71
"The implementation of a pharmacist-directed vancomycin dosing guideline based on TDM optimized vancomycin dosing regimen, improved the accuracy and timeliness of TDM for vancomycin, achieved a higher percentage of levels within the therapeutic range, and a lower incidence of vancomycin-induced AKI."	( [Research of optimal dosing regimens and therapeutic drug monitoring for vancomycin by clinical pharmacists: analysis of 7-year data]. Che, Z; Chen, E; He, J; Mao, E; Xu, G, 2018)	0.97
" This phenomenon has been associated with subtherapeutic levels of renally cleared drugs such as vancomycin, which is dosed based on body weight and creatinine clearance (CrCl)."	( The Impact of Capping Creatinine Clearance on Achieving Therapeutic Vancomycin Concentrations in Neurocritically Ill Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury. Jordan, JD; Morbitzer, KA; Nelson, NR; Rhoney, DH, 2019)	0.97
"Audit studies reveal frequent non-compliance with dosing and monitoring guidelines for vancomycin."	( Barriers and facilitators of appropriate vancomycin use: prescribing context is key. Baysari, MT; Carland, JE; Chan, JOS; Day, RO; Moran, M; Sandaradura, I, 2018)	0.97
"Describe the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in pediatric patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and provide dosing recommendations to attain an area under the curve for 24 hours greater than 400 in this population."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Arikan, AA; Galati, M; Moffett, BS; Morris, J; Munoz, F, 2018)	1.05
"A vancomycin dose of 25-30 mg/kg/dose every 12-24 hours with serum concentration monitoring is a reasonable empiric dosing strategy to obtain an area under the curve for 24 hours greater than 400 in pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Arikan, AA; Galati, M; Moffett, BS; Morris, J; Munoz, F, 2018)	1.49
" More patients in the high trough group had dosing changes (7/48 [15%] vs."	( The impact of vancomycin trough concentrations on outcomes in non-deep seated infections: a retrospective cohort study. Elligsen, M; Leis, JA; Martin, E; Palmay, L; Walker, SAN; Wan, M, 2018)	0.84
"This methodological assessment is deemed as a background initial approach to support the development of a class of statistical algorithm in constructing robust confidence intervals of PK parameters which can be used for developing an optimised antibiotic dosing guideline for critically ill patients requiring renal replacement therapy."	( A Robust Statistical Approach to Analyse Population Pharmacokinetic Data in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy. Deans, R; Lipman, J; Paul, SK; Roberts, JA; Samanta, M, 2019)	0.51
"Study aims to evaluate whether vancomycin dosing from published dosing algorithms correlate with the attainment of target troughs of 10 to 20 mg/L."	( Evaluation of vancomycin target trough attainment with published dosing regimens in the neonatal intensive care unit population. Abraham, T; Chung, E; Gad, A; Lee, SE; Saad, NN, 2019)	1.16
" Dosing information was retrospectively evaluated to determine which published dosing regimen was followed."	( Evaluation of vancomycin target trough attainment with published dosing regimens in the neonatal intensive care unit population. Abraham, T; Chung, E; Gad, A; Lee, SE; Saad, NN, 2019)	0.87
"1%, and weight-directed dosing accounted for 18."	( Evaluation of vancomycin target trough attainment with published dosing regimens in the neonatal intensive care unit population. Abraham, T; Chung, E; Gad, A; Lee, SE; Saad, NN, 2019)	0.87
"NeoFax, Harriet Lane, and renal-directed dosing from Pediatric and Neonatal Lexi-Drugs achieved target troughs within the 10 to 20 mg/L range more often than weight-directed dosing from Pediatric and Neonatal Lexi-Drugs."	( Evaluation of vancomycin target trough attainment with published dosing regimens in the neonatal intensive care unit population. Abraham, T; Chung, E; Gad, A; Lee, SE; Saad, NN, 2019)	0.87
" This prolonged subtherapeutic dosage drives pathogen antibiotic resistance."	( An Additive to PMMA Bone Cement Enables Postimplantation Drug Refilling, Broadens Range of Compatible Antibiotics, and Prolongs Antimicrobial Therapy. Cyphert, EL; Hurley, SK; Learn, GD; Lu, CY; von Recum, HA, 2018)	0.48
" Inappropriate vancomycin dosing is associated with therapeutic failure, bacterial resistance and toxicity."	( Vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring and population pharmacokinetic models in special patient subpopulations. Fresco, P; Gonçalves, J; Hahn, SR; Monteiro, JF, 2018)	2.28
"Adjustment of initial vancomycin (VCM) dosage has been recommended on the basis of the renal function nomogram in therapeutic drug monitoring guidelines in Japan."	( Validation of a Nomogram for Achieving Target Trough Concentration of Vancomycin: Accuracy in Patients With Augmented Renal Function. Hirai, K; Ishii, H; Itoh, K; Kimura, M; Nakatani, E; Sugiyama, K, 2018)	1.03
" Patients who met nomogram dosing criteria were categorized into a nomogram group, and the associations of age, renal function, and individual conditions such as febrile neutropenia, solid tumor, blood cancer, and brain injury with subtherapeutic concentrations (<10."	( Validation of a Nomogram for Achieving Target Trough Concentration of Vancomycin: Accuracy in Patients With Augmented Renal Function. Hirai, K; Ishii, H; Itoh, K; Kimura, M; Nakatani, E; Sugiyama, K, 2018)	0.71
"The Japanese VCM dosing nomogram was effective in minimizing the number of instances of supratherapeutic VCM serum concentrations; however, it lacked accuracy in achieving target trough concentrations."	( Validation of a Nomogram for Achieving Target Trough Concentration of Vancomycin: Accuracy in Patients With Augmented Renal Function. Hirai, K; Ishii, H; Itoh, K; Kimura, M; Nakatani, E; Sugiyama, K, 2018)	0.71
" National guidelines recommend empirical dosing based on total body weight with trough-level therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), which may not be optimal in obese and super obese patients."	( Dosing vancomycin in the super obese: less is more. Crass, RL; Dunn, R; Hong, J; Krop, LC; Pai, MP, 2018)	0.94
"To determine an empirical vancomycin dosing strategy for obese and super obese adults that is consistent with the AUC monitoring paradigm."	( Dosing vancomycin in the super obese: less is more. Crass, RL; Dunn, R; Hong, J; Krop, LC; Pai, MP, 2018)	1.24
" An empirical dosing nomogram was developed using Monte Carlo simulation to identify vancomycin doses that optimize the probability of efficacy and minimize the probability of acute kidney injury based on AUC."	( Dosing vancomycin in the super obese: less is more. Crass, RL; Dunn, R; Hong, J; Krop, LC; Pai, MP, 2018)	1.16
"Empirical vancomycin dosing informed by common clinical variables, including standardized creatinine, with subsequent individualization using AUC-targeted TDM can optimize therapy in obese and super obese adults."	( Dosing vancomycin in the super obese: less is more. Crass, RL; Dunn, R; Hong, J; Krop, LC; Pai, MP, 2018)	1.34
"To develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for vancomycin in adults receiving high-flux haemodialysis (HFHD) in an effort to optimize vancomycin dosing in this population."	( Optimizing vancomycin dosage regimens in relation to high-flux haemodialysis. Buising, K; Hui, K; Kirkpatrick, CMJ; Kong, DCM; Nalder, M; Nelson, C; Patel, K; Pedagogos, E, 2019)	1.15
"5 g loading dose (LD), 1 g maintenance dose (MD)], literature-adapted weight-based (WBL; 20 mg/kg LD, 10 mg/kg MD) and hospital-adapted weight-based (WBH; 25-30 mg/kg LD, 20-25 mg/kg MD) dosage regimens were then simulated using the Monte Carlo method."	( Optimizing vancomycin dosage regimens in relation to high-flux haemodialysis. Buising, K; Hui, K; Kirkpatrick, CMJ; Kong, DCM; Nalder, M; Nelson, C; Patel, K; Pedagogos, E, 2019)	0.9
" It was observed that fixed-dose and WBL dosage regimens resulted in a PTA ≤90% for most days."	( Optimizing vancomycin dosage regimens in relation to high-flux haemodialysis. Buising, K; Hui, K; Kirkpatrick, CMJ; Kong, DCM; Nalder, M; Nelson, C; Patel, K; Pedagogos, E, 2019)	0.9
"Current vancomycin dosage regimens used clinically do not achieve a PTA ≥90% for most days of therapy for people receiving HFHD."	( Optimizing vancomycin dosage regimens in relation to high-flux haemodialysis. Buising, K; Hui, K; Kirkpatrick, CMJ; Kong, DCM; Nalder, M; Nelson, C; Patel, K; Pedagogos, E, 2019)	1.34
" Here we reported a case of individualized vancomycin dosing for a patient diagnosed as severe acute pancreatitis treated with concurrent ECMO and CVVH."	( [Individualized vancomycin dosing for a patient diagnosed as severe acute pancreatitis with concurrent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and continuous veno-venous hemofiltration therapy: a case report]. Ge, QG; He, N; Yan, YY; Yao, GQ; Yi, M; Ying, YQ; Zhai, SD, 2018)	1.09
"Vancomycin empirical dosing studies in thermally injured patients have netted low successful target attainment and most excluded renal dysfunction, limiting applicability."	( Optimization of an empiric vancomycin dosing algorithm for improved target concentration attainment in patients with thermal injury. Hickerson, WL; Hill, DM; Lanfranco, J; Romero Legro, I; Sinclair, SE; Velamuri, SR, 2019)	2.25
"In this phase 2 study, variables collected and calculated regimens in phase 1 were utilized to try and create an improved empiric vancomycin dosing algorithm in patients with thermal injury."	( Optimization of an empiric vancomycin dosing algorithm for improved target concentration attainment in patients with thermal injury. Hickerson, WL; Hill, DM; Lanfranco, J; Romero Legro, I; Sinclair, SE; Velamuri, SR, 2019)	1.02
"Univariable logistic regression of 41 variables identified 27 and 23 to be predictive of dosing every 8 or 6h, respectively."	( Optimization of an empiric vancomycin dosing algorithm for improved target concentration attainment in patients with thermal injury. Hickerson, WL; Hill, DM; Lanfranco, J; Romero Legro, I; Sinclair, SE; Velamuri, SR, 2019)	0.81
"The algorithm that resulted in the highest target attainment without overdosing recommended 15mg/kg dosed every 24h for CrCl≥30, every 12h for CrCl 31-79, every 8h for patients with CrCl≥80ml/min, and every 6h only if the patient with a CrCl≥80ml/min is also≤40 years old and has a SCr≤0."	( Optimization of an empiric vancomycin dosing algorithm for improved target concentration attainment in patients with thermal injury. Hickerson, WL; Hill, DM; Lanfranco, J; Romero Legro, I; Sinclair, SE; Velamuri, SR, 2019)	0.81
"In 2014, we assessed the effectiveness of our neonatal vancomycin empirical dosing regimen (15-45 mg/kg/day) which led to development of a revised regimen (20-60 mg/kg/day)."	( Evolution of empiric vancomycin dosing in a neonatal population. Akierman, A; Alshaikh, B; Bengry, T; Dersch-Mills, D; Radu, L; Yusuf, K, 2018)	1.05
"To validate the revised empirical vancomycin dosage regimen in achieving target troughs."	( Evolution of empiric vancomycin dosing in a neonatal population. Akierman, A; Alshaikh, B; Bengry, T; Dersch-Mills, D; Radu, L; Yusuf, K, 2018)	1.08
"The revised empiric dosing regimen was more effective in achieving target serum trough concentrations."	( Evolution of empiric vancomycin dosing in a neonatal population. Akierman, A; Alshaikh, B; Bengry, T; Dersch-Mills, D; Radu, L; Yusuf, K, 2018)	0.8
" Two concentrations-a postdistributive and a trough-are currently used to estimate the area under the curve (AUC) of vancomycin, an antibiotic routinely used to treat these infections, to achieve the target AUC/minimum inhibitory concentration of ≥400 mg·h/L in ensuring optimal dosing of this drug."	( An Evaluation of Vancomycin Area Under the Curve Estimation Methods for Children Treated for Acute Pulmonary Exacerbations of Cystic Fibrosis Due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Ampofo, K; Frymoyer, A; Hersh, AL; Liu, X; Lubsch, L; Olson, J; Rashid, J; Sherwin, CMT; Stockmann, C; Wang, Y; Young, DC; Zobell, JT, 2019)	1.06
"Vancomycin is frequently used in the treatment of late-onset sepsis in young infants and is routinely administered as intermittent infusions (IIV); however, existing IIV dosing guidelines achieve target vancomycin levels in less than half of infants."	( Protocol for a randomised controlled trial of continuous infusions of vancomycin to improve the attainment of target vancomycin levels in young infants: The VANC trial. Cranswick, N; Curtis, N; Donath, SM; Gwee, A; Hunt, R, 2018)	2.16
"Individualizing drug dosing regimens in critically ill patients on renal replacement therapy is a challenge to clinicians as guidelines are often imprecise and specific-validated pharmacokinetic software is unavailable."	( Clinical Application of Pharmacokinetics: Basis for Rational Dose Selection in a Critically Ill Patient on Renal Replacement Therapy. Janković, SM, 2019)	0.51
" Variable dosing regimens and lack of safety data are limitations."	( Oral Vancomycin for Secondary Prophylaxis of Clostridium difficile Infection. Bohm, NM; Brown, CC; Curry, SR; Manis, MM, 2019)	1.03
"Vancomycin was used to treat infections from a range of sources with a variety of dosing intervals."	( Parenterally administered vancomycin in 29 dogs and 7 cats (2003-2017). Babyak, JM; DeStefano, IM; Rozanski, EA; Wayne, AS, 2019)	2.26
" Preoperative antibiotics were dosed within 1 hour in 90% of the postpathway cohort."	( Implementing a Multidisciplinary Clinical Pathway Can Reduce the Deep Surgical Site Infection Rate After Posterior Spinal Fusion in High-Risk Patients. Berry, J; Brustowitz, R; Cohen, L; Emans, J; Glotzbecker, M; Goobie, S; Gryzwna, A; Hedequist, D; Hresko, MT; McCann, ME; Miller, P; Snyder, B; Troy, M, 2019)	0.51
"Uncertainty exists regarding the optimal dosing regimen for vancomycin in different patient populations, leading to a plethora of subgroup-specific pharmacokinetic models and derived dosing regimens."	( Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics Throughout Life: Results from a Pooled Population Analysis and Evaluation of Current Dosing Recommendations. Adane, ED; Allegaert, K; Barcia, E; Colin, PJ; de Hoog, M; Dolton, M; Eleveld, DJ; Lo, YL; Martín-Suarez, A; Roberts, JA; Santos-Buelga, D; Simon, N; Struys, MMRF; Taccone, FS; Thomson, AH; Touw, DJ; Yamamoto, M, 2019)	2.2
"A population model was developed that is useful for further development of age and kidney function-stratified dosing regimens of vancomycin and for individualisation of treatment through therapeutic drug monitoring and Bayesian forecasting."	( Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics Throughout Life: Results from a Pooled Population Analysis and Evaluation of Current Dosing Recommendations. Adane, ED; Allegaert, K; Barcia, E; Colin, PJ; de Hoog, M; Dolton, M; Eleveld, DJ; Lo, YL; Martín-Suarez, A; Roberts, JA; Santos-Buelga, D; Simon, N; Struys, MMRF; Taccone, FS; Thomson, AH; Touw, DJ; Yamamoto, M, 2019)	2.16
" Further, we aimed to use the model to compare the ratio of AUC24 at steady-state to the MIC (AUC24,ss/MIC) of several intermittent and continuous dosing regimens."	( Development and external evaluation of a population pharmacokinetic model for continuous and intermittent administration of vancomycin in neonates and infants using prospectively collected data. Busquets, FB; Germovsek, E; Gunaratnam, F; Lounis, SA; Osborne, L; Sinha, AK; Standing, JF, 2019)	0.72
" Peak and trough concentrations for intermittent vancomycin dosing and steady-state concentrations for continuous vancomycin dosing were measured."	( Development and external evaluation of a population pharmacokinetic model for continuous and intermittent administration of vancomycin in neonates and infants using prospectively collected data. Busquets, FB; Germovsek, E; Gunaratnam, F; Lounis, SA; Osborne, L; Sinha, AK; Standing, JF, 2019)	0.98
" Novel dosing strategies designed to reduce renal toxicity, such as administration by continuous infusion, should be investigated in further clinical studies to avoid antibiotic underexposure in CSF."	( CSF penetration of vancomycin in critical care patients with proven or suspected ventriculitis: a prospective observational study. Blassmann, U; Briegel, J; Frey, OR; Hope, W; Huge, V; Roehr, AC; Thon, N; Vetter-Kerkhoff, C, 2019)	0.84
"To assess the appropriateness of vancomycin dosing and monitoring at Lebanese hospitals."	( Assessment of vancomycin utilization among Lebanese hospitals. Bourji, J; Fahs, IM; Hallit, R; Hallit, S; Malaeb, DN; Saad, M; Salameh, P, 2019)	1.16
" It highlights the need for dosing and monitoring protocols suitable for vancomycin utilization in these hospitals."	( Assessment of vancomycin utilization among Lebanese hospitals. Bourji, J; Fahs, IM; Hallit, R; Hallit, S; Malaeb, DN; Saad, M; Salameh, P, 2019)	1.11
"Though previous studies have shown benefit with pharmacist-managed dosing of antibiotics, many institutions still do not offer such services."	( Clinical and Procedural Evaluation of a Pharmacy Pharmacokinetic Consult Service. Alexander, BT; Chanas, T; Cox-Hall, H; Hockman, R; Mallow-Corbett, S; Rice, T, 2020)	0.56
"Implementation of a pharmacist-managed dosing and monitoring program led to significantly decreased rates of critical value drug concentrations and increased rates of therapeutic concentrations, with a 25% (NS) decreased time-to-antibiotic administration, therefore demonstrating the additive value of the pharmacist-managed over pharmacist-monitored approach."	( Clinical and Procedural Evaluation of a Pharmacy Pharmacokinetic Consult Service. Alexander, BT; Chanas, T; Cox-Hall, H; Hockman, R; Mallow-Corbett, S; Rice, T, 2020)	0.56
"Treatment with vancomycin and gentamycin requires strict monitoring of its serum concentration for proper dosage optimization."	( Insufficient harmonization of antibiotics assays - Polish experience with an external quality assessment program in the years 2011-2018. Bednarczuk, G; Ćwiklińska, A; Fijałkowska, A; Kortas-Stempak, B; Kowalski, R; Lewandowski, K; Lizakowski, M; Pikul, P, 2019)	0.87
"The optimal pharmacodynamic parameter for the prediction of efficacy of vancomycin is the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), and current published data indicate that dosing based on vancomycin trough concentrations is an inaccurate substitute."	( Conversion from Vancomycin Trough Concentration-Guided Dosing to Area Under the Curve-Guided Dosing Using Two Sample Measurements in Adults: Implementation at an Academic Medical Center. Deresinski, S; Desai, J; Espinosa, G; Holubar, M; Huang, S; Meng, L; Mui, E; Nguyen, V; Wong, T, 2019)	1.09
" The preimplementation retrospective comparison group consisted of 179 patients in whom vancomycin was initiated using a trough-based dosing strategy between November 22, 2017, and January 22, 2018."	( Conversion from Vancomycin Trough Concentration-Guided Dosing to Area Under the Curve-Guided Dosing Using Two Sample Measurements in Adults: Implementation at an Academic Medical Center. Deresinski, S; Desai, J; Espinosa, G; Holubar, M; Huang, S; Meng, L; Mui, E; Nguyen, V; Wong, T, 2019)	1.08
" Only 98 (55%) of 179 initial trough values were therapeutic in the preimplementation group (trough-only dosing method) versus 86 (73."	( Conversion from Vancomycin Trough Concentration-Guided Dosing to Area Under the Curve-Guided Dosing Using Two Sample Measurements in Adults: Implementation at an Academic Medical Center. Deresinski, S; Desai, J; Espinosa, G; Holubar, M; Huang, S; Meng, L; Mui, E; Nguyen, V; Wong, T, 2019)	0.86
"Compared with a trough concentration-based dosing strategy, AUC-based dosing using two-point sampling improved therapeutic target attainment."	( Conversion from Vancomycin Trough Concentration-Guided Dosing to Area Under the Curve-Guided Dosing Using Two Sample Measurements in Adults: Implementation at an Academic Medical Center. Deresinski, S; Desai, J; Espinosa, G; Holubar, M; Huang, S; Meng, L; Mui, E; Nguyen, V; Wong, T, 2019)	0.86
"The most appropriate vancomycin dosing strategy in pediatric patients weighing ≥70 kg (weight based versus non-weight based) to achieve an area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of ≥400 mg·liter/h and a trough concentration of <20 mg/liter is not known."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Vancomycin Dosing in the Large Pediatric Patient. Akcan Arikan, A; Dutta, A; Ivaturi, V; Moffett, BS; Morris, J, 2019)	1.1
"Previous pharmacokinetic (PK) studies have proposed various dosing regimens for vancomycin in intensive care unit (ICU) patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT), but all are restricted to specific RRT modalities."	( Predicting the dose of vancomycin in ICU patients receiving different types of RRT therapy: a model-based meta-analytic approach. Claisse, G; Delavenne, X; Laporte, S; Maillard, N; Ollier, E; Trone, JC; Zufferey, PJ, 2019)	1.05
" Based on the model of RRT-induced clearance, an appropriate adjustment of the vancomycin dosing regimen could be proposed for any kind of flowrate settings."	( Predicting the dose of vancomycin in ICU patients receiving different types of RRT therapy: a model-based meta-analytic approach. Claisse, G; Delavenne, X; Laporte, S; Maillard, N; Ollier, E; Trone, JC; Zufferey, PJ, 2019)	1.05
" There is a paucity of data evaluating vancomycin dosage necessary to achieve goals in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)."	( The Effectiveness of a Vancomycin Dosing Guideline in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit for Achieving Goal Therapeutic Trough Concentrations. Ding, MX; Kiser, TH; Reilly, AM; Rower, JE, 2019)	1.09
" After implementation, the time was significantly shorter until the correct dosage was given."	( A clinical decision support system to improve adequate dosing of gentamicin and vancomycin. Becker, ML; Mulder, IJ; Pereboom, M; van der Hoeven, RTM; Verweij, SL, 2019)	0.74
" The authors sought to determine vancomycin exposure among hospitalized adults with presumed or confirmed invasive staphylococcal infections using 2-level pharmacokinetic monitoring to inform changes to an institutional vancomycin dosing protocol."	( Examining the Relationship Between Vancomycin Area Under the Concentration Time Curve and Serum Trough Levels in Adults With Presumed or Documented Staphylococcal Infections. Brummitt, CF; Clark, L; Dilworth, TJ; Servais, R; Skrupky, LP, 2019)	1.07
" We also tested a one-compartment model with fixed values for clearance and volume of distribution, in which a clinical standard dosage regimen (SDR) was mimicked to assess its predictive performance."	( External Evaluation of Population Pharmacokinetic Models of Vancomycin in Large Cohorts of Intensive Care Unit Patients. Bosman, RJ; Elbers, PWG; Fleuren, LM; Girbes, ARJ; Guo, T; Mathot, RAA; Roggeveen, LF; Thoral, PJ; van der Voort, PHJ; van Hest, RM, 2019)	0.76
" An initial dosing regimen was derived, personalized by age, weight, and serum creatinine, using stochastic simulations."	( Revising Pediatric Vancomycin Dosing Accounting for Nephrotoxicity in a Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Model. Booth, J; Dixon, G; Hill, LF; Irwin, AD; Klein, N; Kloprogge, F; Standing, JF, 2019)	0.84
" The preparation stage was used to present literature to key stakeholders, and pharmacy meetings focused on the development of a dosing and monitoring guideline."	( Vancomycin Area Under the Curve Dosing and Monitoring at an Academic Medical Center: Transition Strategies and Lessons Learned. Autry, EB; Burgess, DR; Burgess, DS; Cotner, SE; Flannery, AH; Forster, DW; Gardner, B; Gregory, ER; VanHoose, JD; Wallace, KL, 2020)	2
" We studied the pharmacokinetics of intravenous (IV) vancomycin in AKI patients treated by HVPD who received a prescribed single IV dose of vancomycin (15 - 20 mg/kg total body weight) to determine the extent of vancomycin removal and to establish vancomycin dosing guidelines for the empirical treatment of AKI patients receiving HVPD."	( Vancomycin Removal During High-Volume Peritoneal Dialysis in Acute Kidney Injury Patients. Awdishu, L; Balbi, A; Freitas, FM; Ponce, D; Zamoner, W, )	1.82
" Vancomycin dosing and monitoring were compared between those with and without AKI, with AKI defined as pRIFLE (pediatric risk, injury, failure, loss, end-stage renal disease) stage 2-3 AKI at day 5 using Schwartz formula-calculated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)."	( Vancomycin Prescribing and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Children With and Without Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Arrest. Downes, KJ; Fitzgerald, JC; Furth, SL; Himebauch, AS; Reedy, MD; Scheetz, MH; Thomas, NJ; Topjian, AA; Zane, NR; Zuppa, AF, 2019)	2.87
"It is important to accurately estimate accurate vancomycin (VCM) clearance (CLvcm) for appropriate VCM dosing in the treatment of patients with sepsis."	( Relationship between hemoglobin levels and vancomycin clearance in patients with sepsis. Chuma, M; Imai, T; Iwabuchi, S; Kikuchi, N; Kinoshita, K; Kuwana, T; Makishima, M; Nakayama, T; Sakaue, T; Sawada, N; Sekimoto, M; Suzuki, S; Tochikura, N; Yoshida, Y, 2019)	1.03
" We propose that VCM dosing should be adjusted for hemoglobin levels in sepsis patients."	( Relationship between hemoglobin levels and vancomycin clearance in patients with sepsis. Chuma, M; Imai, T; Iwabuchi, S; Kikuchi, N; Kinoshita, K; Kuwana, T; Makishima, M; Nakayama, T; Sakaue, T; Sawada, N; Sekimoto, M; Suzuki, S; Tochikura, N; Yoshida, Y, 2019)	0.78
", solely by patient characteristics, and (b) also including measured vancomycin concentrations from previous dosing occasions using Bayesian forecasting."	( Towards precision dosing of vancomycin: a systematic evaluation of pharmacometric models for Bayesian forecasting. Broeker, A; Carland, JE; Day, RO; Derendorf, H; Klinker, KP; Marriott, DJ; Nardecchia, M; Stocker, SL; Wicha, SG, 2019)	1.04
" Models with less accurate predictive performance provided distorted AUC predictions which may lead to inappropriate dosing decisions."	( Towards precision dosing of vancomycin: a systematic evaluation of pharmacometric models for Bayesian forecasting. Broeker, A; Carland, JE; Day, RO; Derendorf, H; Klinker, KP; Marriott, DJ; Nardecchia, M; Stocker, SL; Wicha, SG, 2019)	0.81
" Our study revealed the Goti model as suitable for improving precision dosing in hospitalized patients."	( Towards precision dosing of vancomycin: a systematic evaluation of pharmacometric models for Bayesian forecasting. Broeker, A; Carland, JE; Day, RO; Derendorf, H; Klinker, KP; Marriott, DJ; Nardecchia, M; Stocker, SL; Wicha, SG, 2019)	0.81
" PNDJ hydrogels containing tobramycin and vancomycin were administered in four dosing sites in rabbits (intramedullary in the femoral canal, soft tissue defect in the quadriceps, intramuscular injection in the hamstrings, and intra-articular injection in the knee)."	( Temperature-responsive PNDJ hydrogels provide high and sustained antimicrobial concentrations in surgical sites. Badha, VS; Childers, EP; Heffernan, JM; McLaren, AC; Moore, RC; Overstreet, DJ; Vernon, BL, 2019)	0.78
" The standard dose of vancomycin can be used to initiate therapy in neonates and infants admitted to the ICU, but after reaching the drug steady state, the dosing regimen should be individualized and guided by pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Vancomycin Therapeutic Regime Adjustment in Newborns and Infants with Bacterial Infection: Case Series. Azeredo, FJ; Bastos, REA; Bidu, NS; Couto, RD; Dias, EJC; Fernandes, BJD; Filho, JNC; Godoy, ALPC; Pedreira, JNR, 2019)	2.27
"This study provides quantitative guidance on selecting proper dosage for treating disc infection."	( Transport of Vancomycin and Cefepime Into Human Intervertebral Discs: Quantitative Analyses. Brown, MD; Eismont, F; Gao, X; Gu, W; Zhu, Q, 2019)	0.88
" Characterization of vancomycin pharmacokinetics can assist with dosing and attainment of goal serum concentrations."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin in pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy. Arikan, AA; Moffett, BS; Morris, J; Munoz, F, 2019)	1.1
" Data collection included the following: patient demographics, vancomycin dosing and serum concentrations, CVVHDF variables, serum creatinine (SCR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin, hematocrit, and urine output."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin in pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy. Arikan, AA; Moffett, BS; Morris, J; Munoz, F, 2019)	1.02
" Dosing of 40-50 mg/kg/day on fat-free mass divided every 8-12 h with frequent vancomycin serum sampling is recommended."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin in pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy. Arikan, AA; Moffett, BS; Morris, J; Munoz, F, 2019)	1.01
" Despite long experience of prescribing of this drug optimal dosing is still challenging."	( Nomogram based on actual body weight for estimation of vancomycin maintenance dose in infants. Černá, O; Pokorná, P; Šíma, M; Slanař, O, 2019)	0.76
"57 most closely approximated optimal dosing based on individual pharmacokinetics."	( Nomogram based on actual body weight for estimation of vancomycin maintenance dose in infants. Černá, O; Pokorná, P; Šíma, M; Slanař, O, 2019)	0.76
"We developed an easy-to-use dosing nomogram for maintaining a vancomycin average steady-state concentration of 22."	( Nomogram based on actual body weight for estimation of vancomycin maintenance dose in infants. Černá, O; Pokorná, P; Šíma, M; Slanař, O, 2019)	1
"This study aimed to explore vancomycin pharmacokinetics and its covariates in critically ill neonates and to propose an easy applicable dosing nomogram for initial treatment."	( Actual body weight-based vancomycin dosing in neonates. Allegaert, K; Černá, O; Pokorná, P; Šíma, M; Slanař, O; Tibboel, D, 2019)	1.11
" There is little evidence to describe the optimal dosing regimen for surgical site infection prophylaxis in infants undergoing cardiac surgery, and a great deal of institutional variability exists in dosing prophylactic antibiotics."	( Pharmacokinetics of Cefazolin and Vancomycin in Infants Undergoing Open-Heart Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Gutierrez, K; Ingrande, J; Lemmens, HJ; Nicolau, DP; Ramamoorthy, C; Sutherland, CA; Verma, A, 2019)	0.79
" Simulations of various dosing regimens were performed to describe an appropriate dosing regimen necessary to maintain antibiotic concentrations above the susceptibility cutoff for staphylococci."	( Pharmacokinetics of Cefazolin and Vancomycin in Infants Undergoing Open-Heart Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Gutierrez, K; Ingrande, J; Lemmens, HJ; Nicolau, DP; Ramamoorthy, C; Sutherland, CA; Verma, A, 2019)	0.79
" Results from the in vitro studies suggest that switching from a high-flux dialyser to the MCO membrane should not require changes to the medication dosing or anti-coagulation protocols of dialysis patients."	( Retention of beneficial molecules and coagulation factors during haemodialysis and haemodiafiltration. Beck, W; Boschetti-de-Fierro, A; Gebert, M; Haug, U; Hulko, M; Krause, B; Storr, M; Voigt, M, 2019)	0.51
" We present the clinical practice in neonates during peritoneal dialysis and evaluate dosage and serum levels of vancomycin."	( Intraperitoneal vancomycin in neonates during peritoneal dialysis: A case report. Company-Albir, MJ; García-Robles, A; Marqués-Miñana, MR; Poveda, JL; Torres-Martinez, E; Vento-Torres, M, 2019)	1.07
" We report the treatment dosage and serum vancomycin levels."	( Intraperitoneal vancomycin in neonates during peritoneal dialysis: A case report. Company-Albir, MJ; García-Robles, A; Marqués-Miñana, MR; Poveda, JL; Torres-Martinez, E; Vento-Torres, M, 2019)	1.12
" Further investigation of dosing in children particularly in newborns, especially in loading dose, is necessary."	( Intraperitoneal vancomycin in neonates during peritoneal dialysis: A case report. Company-Albir, MJ; García-Robles, A; Marqués-Miñana, MR; Poveda, JL; Torres-Martinez, E; Vento-Torres, M, 2019)	0.86
"In the absence of consensus, the present meta-analysis was performed to determine an optimal dosing regimen of vancomycin for neonates."	( Population pharmacokinetic meta-analysis of individual data to design the first randomized efficacy trial of vancomycin in neonates and young infants. Allegaert, K; Biran, V; Capparelli, EV; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Leroux, S; Lo, YL; Lutsar, I; Marques, R; Meibohm, B; Nakamura, H; Peris, JE; Saito, J; Sharland, M; Simon, N; Thomson, AH; van den Anker, JN; Zhao, W, 2019)	0.94
" After model validation, simulations showed that a loading dose (25 mg/kg) and a maintenance dose (15 mg/kg q12h if <35 weeks PMA and 15 mg/kg q8h if ≥35 weeks PMA) achieved the AUC0-24 target earlier than a standard 'Blue Book' dosage regimen in >89% of the treated patients."	( Population pharmacokinetic meta-analysis of individual data to design the first randomized efficacy trial of vancomycin in neonates and young infants. Allegaert, K; Biran, V; Capparelli, EV; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Leroux, S; Lo, YL; Lutsar, I; Marques, R; Meibohm, B; Nakamura, H; Peris, JE; Saito, J; Sharland, M; Simon, N; Thomson, AH; van den Anker, JN; Zhao, W, 2019)	0.73
"The results of a population meta-analysis of vancomycin data have been used to develop a new dosing regimen for neonatal use and to assist in the design of the model-based, multinational European trial, NeoVanc."	( Population pharmacokinetic meta-analysis of individual data to design the first randomized efficacy trial of vancomycin in neonates and young infants. Allegaert, K; Biran, V; Capparelli, EV; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Leroux, S; Lo, YL; Lutsar, I; Marques, R; Meibohm, B; Nakamura, H; Peris, JE; Saito, J; Sharland, M; Simon, N; Thomson, AH; van den Anker, JN; Zhao, W, 2019)	0.99
"  The aim of this study was to identify the most appropriate dosage regimen of vancomycin to treat infection caused by MRSA with higher MIC in critically ill Thai population."	( Optimization of Intermittent Vancomycin Dosage Regimens for Thai Critically Ill Population Infected by MRSA in the Era of the "MIC Creep" Phenomenon. Chindavijak, B; Montakantikul, P; Setiawan, E; Suwannoi, L, 2019)	1.03
"10,000 replications of intermittent vancomycin dosage regimens were performed using Monte Carlo simulation."	( Optimization of Intermittent Vancomycin Dosage Regimens for Thai Critically Ill Population Infected by MRSA in the Era of the "MIC Creep" Phenomenon. Chindavijak, B; Montakantikul, P; Setiawan, E; Suwannoi, L, 2019)	1.08
" The aim of this study is to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model and dosing regimen for vancomycin in HDF patients and to evaluate its applicability in low-flux (LF-HD) patients."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetic model development in patients on intermittent online hemodiafiltration. Franssen, CFM; Proost, JH; Touw, DJ; van Buren, M; Westra, N; Wilms, EB, 2019)	2.17
" Dosing schemes were developed for a vancomycin 24-h AUC of 400 mg*h/L."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetic model development in patients on intermittent online hemodiafiltration. Franssen, CFM; Proost, JH; Touw, DJ; van Buren, M; Westra, N; Wilms, EB, 2019)	2.23
" A dosing regimen was developed for the use of vancomycin in HDF and LF-HD."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetic model development in patients on intermittent online hemodiafiltration. Franssen, CFM; Proost, JH; Touw, DJ; van Buren, M; Westra, N; Wilms, EB, 2019)	2.21
"Vancomycin is commonly used for the management of severe infections; however, vancomycin dosing may be challenging in critically ill patients."	( Vancomycin population pharmacokinetics for adult patients with sepsis or septic shock: are current dosing regimens sufficient? Germano, A; Heffernan, AJ; Kimura, E; Roberts, JA; Sime, FB, 2019)	3.4
" Monte Carlo dosing simulations were performed using the final model."	( Vancomycin population pharmacokinetics for adult patients with sepsis or septic shock: are current dosing regimens sufficient? Germano, A; Heffernan, AJ; Kimura, E; Roberts, JA; Sime, FB, 2019)	1.96
" The findings suggest that vancomycin dosing should be guided by the AUC and day 2 AUCs should be ≤515."	( The Emperor's New Clothes: PRospective Observational Evaluation of the Association Between Initial VancomycIn Exposure and Failure Rates Among ADult HospitalizEd Patients With Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections (PROVIDE). Barron, M; Bleasdale, SC; Chambers, H; Creech, CB; Evans, S; Finnemeyer, M; Fowler, VG; Holland, TL; Keefer, M; Lodise, TP; Patel, PC; Riska, P; Rodriguez, M; Rosenkranz, SL; Scheetz, M; Schrank, J; Schultz, S; Silveira, FP; Sims, M; Stapleton, A; Wray, D; Wunderink, RG; Zervos, MJ, 2020)	1.07
" Hospital audits have showed that dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring practices for vancomycin are suboptimal."	( Education to improve vancomycin use: the perspectives of educators and education recipients. Baysari, MT; Braithwaite, HE; Carland, JE; Day, RO; Fernon, AR; Stocker, SL; Van Dort, BA, 2020)	1.1
"Vancomycin dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring involves multiple health professionals, but current education strategies do not take this into account."	( Education to improve vancomycin use: the perspectives of educators and education recipients. Baysari, MT; Braithwaite, HE; Carland, JE; Day, RO; Fernon, AR; Stocker, SL; Van Dort, BA, 2020)	2.32
"The current vancomycin dosing strategy is ineffective in achieving therapeutic trough levels in children admitted to the ICU."	( Vancomycin Use in a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital. Ajjawi, R; Ajooz, HAA; Al-Daylami, A; Sridharan, K, 2019)	2.34
" A new covariate model, including extended covariate parameters that explain changes in renal function from the population-predicted value and individual dosing time, provided the best explanation for vancomycin pharmacokinetics among the various models tested."	( A new population pharmacokinetic model for vancomycin in patients with variable renal function: Therapeutic drug monitoring based on extended covariate model using CKD-EPI estimation. Ahn, S; Jung, J; Kiem, S; Kim, DJ; Kim, SW; Lee, DH; Shin, JG, 2019)	0.96
" In spite of widespread use, ideal information about dosage for the pediatric population remains limited."	( Describing vancomycin serum levels in pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) patients: are expected goals being met. Belucci, TR; Furtado, GHC; Malagutti, SR; Maloni, TM, 2019)	0.9
" By applying various antibiotic combinations against a single pathogen in multiple chambers, the IMS could identify the optimal drug combination and the minimum effective dosage by evaluating the fractional inhibitory concentration index."	( An integrated microfluidic system for antimicrobial susceptibility testing with antibiotic combination. Chien, CC; Kuo, FC; Lee, GB; Lee, MS; Lee, WB; You, HL, 2019)	0.51
" Outcomes included CPA use, use of TDM, dosage adjustments, and development of acute kidney injury; we compared courses given while monitoring only trough levels (TO-TDM) with those given while using the CPA (AUC-TDM)."	( Intravenous Vancomycin Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Children: Evaluation of a Pharmacy-Driven Protocol and Collaborative Practice Agreement. Anderson, C; Hersh, AL; Olson, J; Sorensen, J; Thorell, EA; Zobell, J, 2020)	0.94
"163) dosage adjustments."	( Intravenous Vancomycin Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Children: Evaluation of a Pharmacy-Driven Protocol and Collaborative Practice Agreement. Anderson, C; Hersh, AL; Olson, J; Sorensen, J; Thorell, EA; Zobell, J, 2020)	0.94
"In critically ill children, individualised dosing is needed."	( Vancomycin is commonly under-dosed in critically ill children and neonates. Chiletti, R; Cranswick, N; Curtis, N; Gwee, A; Sosnin, N, 2019)	1.96
" 38/50 articles included information on both Vd and Cl, but a dosing advice was given in only 22 articles."	( Pharmacokinetics and Target Attainment of Antibiotics in Critically Ill Children: A Systematic Review of Current Literature. Brüggemann, RJ; de Wildt, SN; Dia, N; Hartman, SJF; Orriëns, L; Schreuder, MF, 2020)	0.56
" Studies frequently fail to provide a dosing advice for this patient population, even if the necessary information is available."	( Pharmacokinetics and Target Attainment of Antibiotics in Critically Ill Children: A Systematic Review of Current Literature. Brüggemann, RJ; de Wildt, SN; Dia, N; Hartman, SJF; Orriëns, L; Schreuder, MF, 2020)	0.56
" Patients aged 1 month to 18 years old who received amikacin, gentamicin, or vancomycin between October 2012 to March 2016 and had at least 2 serum drug concentrations done within the same dosing interval were included."	( A Retrospective Review of the Efficiency of First-Dose Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Gentamicin, Amikacin, and Vancomycin in the Pediatric Population. Chan, JW; Chua, JM; Chua, WBB; Lee, Q; Lim, WXS; Poh, BH; Sultana, R, 2020)	1
" We hypothesized that our dosing protocol would achieve higher rates of initial therapeutic troughs compared with previously published reports due to more aggressive loading doses than those seen in previously published reports."	( Vancomycin dosing in critically ill trauma patients: The VANCTIC Study. Celii, A; Cross, A; Kennedy, R; Neely, S; Talledo, O; Villanueva, RD; White, B, 2019)	1.96
" An every eight hour dosing interval was initiated on 47."	( Vancomycin dosing in critically ill trauma patients: The VANCTIC Study. Celii, A; Cross, A; Kennedy, R; Neely, S; Talledo, O; Villanueva, RD; White, B, 2019)	1.96
"Automation of vancomycin monitoring was associated with improvement in the frequency of monitoring and only delayed medication dosing by six minutes."	( Automating Vancomycin Monitoring to Improve Patient Safety. Banas, C; Chouinard, M; Dow, A; Keiser, J; Mishra, V; Wagner, B; Yen, MS, 2019)	1.26
" Given these attributes, the platform may thus provide significant opportunities to render therapeutic drug monitoring (the clinical practice in which dosing is adjusted in response to plasma drug measurements) as frequent and convenient as the measurement of blood sugar has become for diabetics."	( Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensors for Improved Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and High-Precision, Feedback-Controlled Drug Delivery. Arroyo-Currás, N; Dauphin-Ducharme, P; Gerson, J; Kippin, TE; Kurnik, M; Plaxco, KW; Ploense, KL; Stojanovic, MN; Yang, K; Zhang, Y, 2019)	0.51
"While the developed preterm model for the prediction of PK behaviour in preterm patients is not intended to replace clinical studies, it can potentially help with deciding on first-time dosing in this population and study design in the absence of clinical data."	( Preterm Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model. Part II: Applications of the Model to Predict Drug Pharmacokinetics in the Preterm Population. Abduljalil, K; Jamei, M; Johnson, TN; Pan, X; Pansari, A, 2020)	0.56
" This study aimed to develop a rational approach for optimised dosage of vancomycin given in a continuous infusion in critically ill patients."	( Determination of optimal loading and maintenance doses for continuous infusion of vancomycin in critically ill patients: Population pharmacokinetic modelling and simulations for improved dosing schemes. Dao, XC; Delattre, IK; Do, HG; Ho, TT; Nguyen, DA; Nguyen, GB; Nguyen, HA; Pham, HN; Tran, NT; Tulkens, PM; Van Bambeke, F; Vu, DH, 2019)	0.97
" Two postdistribution vancomycin concentrations are needed to accurately determine patient-specific pharmacokinetic parameters, estimate area under the curve, and improve the precision of vancomycin dosing in this patient population."	( Vancomycin volume of distribution estimation in adults with class III obesity. Crass, RL; Dunn, RD; Hong, J; Krop, LC; Pai, MP, 2019)	2.27
"To compare a Bayesian clinical decision support (CDS) dose-optimizing software program with clinician judgement in individualizing vancomycin dosing regimens to achieve vancomycin pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) targets in a paediatric population."	( Bayesian clinical decision support-guided versus clinician-guided vancomycin dosing in attainment of targeted pharmacokinetic parameters in a paediatric population. Faldasz, JD; Goswami, S; Hughes, DM; Hughes, MA; Keizer, RJ, 2020)	1
"A retrospective review combined with a model-based simulation of vancomycin dosing was performed on children aged 1 year to 18 years at the University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Mission Bay."	( Bayesian clinical decision support-guided versus clinician-guided vancomycin dosing in attainment of targeted pharmacokinetic parameters in a paediatric population. Faldasz, JD; Goswami, S; Hughes, DM; Hughes, MA; Keizer, RJ, 2020)	1.03
"In a simulated analysis, the use of a Bayesian CDS tool was better than clinician judgement in recommending vancomycin dosing regimens in which PK/PD targets would be attained in children."	( Bayesian clinical decision support-guided versus clinician-guided vancomycin dosing in attainment of targeted pharmacokinetic parameters in a paediatric population. Faldasz, JD; Goswami, S; Hughes, DM; Hughes, MA; Keizer, RJ, 2020)	1.01
"Therapeutic drug monitoring is standard of practice in vancomycin dosing and monitoring in order to maximize the pharmacodynamic effects and minimize toxicity."	( Falsely elevated vancomycin-concentration values from enzyme immunoassay leading to treatment failure. Nicolau, DP; Singer, B; Stevens, RW; Westley, BP, 2020)	1.15
"applying uniform dosing recommendations across age groups among adults with MRSA infections results in higher vancomycin levels and AUC/MIC in older versus younger patients."	( Attention to age: similar dosing regimens lead to different vancomycin levels among older and younger patients. Abbas, M; Ghrayeb, A; Kurnik, D; Leibovici, L; Nassar, L; Paul, M; Shepshelovich, D; Yahav, D, 2019)	0.97
" Prolonged usage and total dosing over 500 mg/day among adult age ranges have been associated with accumulation."	( Does oral vancomycin use necessitate therapeutic drug monitoring? Cimolai, N, 2020)	0.96
"The developed population vancomycin model may be used in estimating individual CL for adult critically ill septic patients, and could be applied for individualizing dosage regimens taking into account the continuous effect of CrCl."	( Population pharmacokinetic model of Vancomycin based on therapeutic drug monitoring data in critically ill septic patients. Avram, S; Dragic, S; Jovanovic, M; Kovacevic, P; Kovacevic, T; Miljkovic, B; Momcicevic, D; Vucicevic, K, 2020)	1.14
"Standard dosing of antimicrobials derived from product information is considered to have limited application in critically ill patients given the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes often seen in these patients relative to other groups in the hospital."	( Antimicrobial dosing in critical care: A pragmatic adult dosing nomogram. Beall, G; Cotta, MO; Roberts, JA; Williams, P, 2020)	0.56
" Therefore, the validity of using a 1-compartment model to guide vancomycin drug dosing was examined."	( Comparison of the Area Under the Curve for Vancomycin Estimated Using Compartmental and Noncompartmental Methods in Adult Patients With Normal Renal Function. Carland, JE; Day, RO; Graham, GG; Reuter, SE; Shingde, RV; Stocker, SL, 2019)	1.01
" Therefore, a 1-compartment model may be sufficient to guide vancomycin dosing in adult patients with stable renal function."	( Comparison of the Area Under the Curve for Vancomycin Estimated Using Compartmental and Noncompartmental Methods in Adult Patients With Normal Renal Function. Carland, JE; Day, RO; Graham, GG; Reuter, SE; Shingde, RV; Stocker, SL, 2019)	1.02
" General information, vancomycin dosing regimens, CSF vancomycin concentrations, CSF drainage methods and volume of the previous day, and concurrent medications, etc."	( [Therapeutic monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid vancomycin concentrations and analysis of their influencing factors in neurosurgical intensive care unit patients]. Guan, X; Li, J; Li, Y; Ouyang, B; Shi, L; Wang, L; Yao, M, 2019)	1.09
"The modified vancomycin nomogram at Cone Health showed significant improvement in therapeutic trough concentrations while reducing the rates of under and over dosing obese adults."	( Evaluation of a modified vancomycin nomogram for obese adults. Batchelder, N; Frens, J; Lutheran, CF, 2020)	1.23
"In recent years, there has been an increase in nanoparticle research towards creating better release systems that can maintains the effective dosage over desired periods."	( Development of a Sequential Antibiotic Releasing System for Two-Stage Total Joint Replacement Surgery. Aşık, MD; Bozkurt, M; Güven, EÖ; Kaplan, M; Yalınay, M, 2019)	0.51
"Vancomycin dosing and monitoring recommendations are poorly adhered to in many institutions internationally, with concerns of treatment failure and propelling antibiotic resistance."	( Vancomycin: Audit of American guideline-based intermittent dose administration with focus on overweight patients. Anning, R; Koyanagi, M; Loewenthal, M; Martin, JH, 2020)	3.44
" A second dosing experiment was completed with 34 mice randomized into 4 groups: control, 2 mg, 4 mg, and 8 mg groups."	( Progress not panacea: vancomycin powder efficacy and dose evaluated in an in vivo mouse model of spine implant infection. Bernthal, NM; Blumstein, G; Burke, Z; Cevallos, N; Hamad, C; Hegde, V; Hoang, J; Loftin, A; Park, HY; Proal, JD; Scaduto, AA; Sheppard, W; Smith, RA; Sprague, MM; Zoller, SD, 2020)	0.87
" CFU counts across dosing groups were not statistically different (p=."	( Progress not panacea: vancomycin powder efficacy and dose evaluated in an in vivo mouse model of spine implant infection. Bernthal, NM; Blumstein, G; Burke, Z; Cevallos, N; Hamad, C; Hegde, V; Hoang, J; Loftin, A; Park, HY; Proal, JD; Scaduto, AA; Sheppard, W; Smith, RA; Sprague, MM; Zoller, SD, 2020)	0.87
" The estimated dosage of VCM to achieve a target area under the concentration-time curve/minimum inhibitory concentration ≥400 was 27."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin Under Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Using a Polymethylmethacrylate Hemofilter. Fujiyoshi, M; Hattori, N; Ishii, I; Suzuki, T; Takatsuka, H; Tatebe, M; Uchida, M; Yamazaki, S, 2020)	0.84
" Continuous-infusion vancomycin (CIV) may be associated with a lower risk of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity compared with IIV, but studies comparing safety of both dosing strategies are lacking."	( Retrospective multicentre matched cohort study comparing safety and efficacy outcomes of intermittent-infusion versus continuous-infusion vancomycin. Bansal, V; Elligsen, M; Ho, G; Kiss, A; Leis, JA; Ma, NH; Palmay, L; Powis, J; Walker, SAN, 2020)	1.08
"To compare the risk of nephrotoxicity with CIV versus IIV when target concentration ranges were the same with both dosing modalities."	( Retrospective multicentre matched cohort study comparing safety and efficacy outcomes of intermittent-infusion versus continuous-infusion vancomycin. Bansal, V; Elligsen, M; Ho, G; Kiss, A; Leis, JA; Ma, NH; Palmay, L; Powis, J; Walker, SAN, 2020)	0.76
"CIV is associated with a lower odds of nephrotoxicity compared with IIV when targeting the same concentration range and should be an alternative dosing strategy for patients who will receive prolonged therapy or require >4 g/day to achieve therapeutic levels."	( Retrospective multicentre matched cohort study comparing safety and efficacy outcomes of intermittent-infusion versus continuous-infusion vancomycin. Bansal, V; Elligsen, M; Ho, G; Kiss, A; Leis, JA; Ma, NH; Palmay, L; Powis, J; Walker, SAN, 2020)	0.76
" Renal disease can contribute to baclofen overdose and encephalopathy, and there are currently no dosing recommendations for patient's on baclofen with renal impairment."	( Encephalopathy of Unknown Origin in a Baclofen Patient: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Abraham, M; Behmer Hansen, R; Gold, J; Lad, M; Mammis, A; Zhao, K, 2020)	0.56
" The authors recommend estimating the AUC using the simplified two-sample equation strategy for more precise dosing of vancomycin."	( AUC- vs. Trough-Guided Monitoring of Vancomycin in Infants. Abouelkheir, M; Albassam, A; Alharbi, E; Alqahtani, S; Alsultan, A; Assiri, A, 2020)	1.04
" The antimicrobial effects of VAN were significantly enhanced by this system with a low dosage of VAN."	( Enhanced activity of vancomycin by encapsulation in hybrid magnetic nanoparticles conjugated to a cell-penetrating peptide. Ahghari, MR; Hajizadeh, Z; Hamblin, MR; Maleki, A; Taheri-Ledari, R; Tian, Y; Zhang, W; Zolfaghari, E, 2020)	0.88
" Optimal dosing of vancomycin is patient specific due to its narrow therapeutic window."	( Prospective evaluation of vancomycin therapeutic usage and trough levels monitoring. Chamas, NR; El-Khoury, G; Kabbara, WK, 2018)	1.11
"Despite the wide clinical use of vancomycin, controversy remains regarding its optimal dosage regimens."	( An Update on Population Pharmacokinetic Analyses of Vancomycin, Part I: In Adults. Aljutayli, A; Marsot, A; Nekka, F, 2020)	1.09
" Immediately after prolonged daily dialysis, a loading dose should be given; with twice daily dosing the maintenance dose needs to be adjusted to kidney function."	( [Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in extracorporeal renal replacement therapy]. Kächele, M; Keller, F, 2021)	0.62
" However, due to the paucity of data, vancomycin dosing for peritonitis in patients on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) is empiric and based on clinical experience rather than evidence."	( Vancomycin in peritoneal dialysis: Clinical pharmacology considerations in therapy. Kraft, WK; Lam, E; Lien, YTK; Piraino, B; Schmidt, S; Vozmediano, V; Zhang, J, 2020)	2.27
" Dosage regimen was adjusted when steady-state trough concentration was not in 10-20 mg/L (adjustment regimen), and then the steady-state trough concentration was determined again 48 hours after adjustment."	( [Predictive performance of population pharmacokinetic software on vancomycin steady-state trough concentration]. Fang, J; Li, J; Lu, H; Shi, L; Tang, L; Xue, S; Yu, Y; Zhou, Q, 2020)	0.8
"Vancomycin empiric therapy is commonly dosed using clinical algorithms adapted from population-predicted pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Concordance of Vancomycin Population-Predicted Pharmacokinetics with Patient-Specific Pharmacokinetics in Adult Hospitalized Patients: A Case Series. Beyl, RA; Brakta, F; Ezebuenyi, MC; Gillard, CJ; Lambert, J; Neuliep, A; Okogbaa, JI; Onor, IO; St James, K; Tran, KA, 2020)	2.35
" The vancomycin population-predicted pharmacokinetic formula can be used safely to predict a patient's vancomycin pharmacokinetic disposition and can be maintained as an empiric dosing strategy in various hospitalized adult patients."	( Concordance of Vancomycin Population-Predicted Pharmacokinetics with Patient-Specific Pharmacokinetics in Adult Hospitalized Patients: A Case Series. Beyl, RA; Brakta, F; Ezebuenyi, MC; Gillard, CJ; Lambert, J; Neuliep, A; Okogbaa, JI; Onor, IO; St James, K; Tran, KA, 2020)	1.42
"Antibiotic dosing is challenge in critically ill patients undergoing renal replacement therapy."	( Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Characteristics of Vancomycin and Meropenem in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Sustained Low-efficiency Dialysis. Cavani Jorge Santos, SR; Chaves, L; Levin, AS; Macedo, E; Machado, AS; Mendes, ET; Oliveira, MS; Perdigão Neto, LV; Sanches, C; Vieira da Silva, C, 2020)	0.81
"We aimed to determine if children with overweight or obesity have increased vancomycin trough concentrations with total body weight (TBW) dosing compared with children with normal weight."	( Vancomycin Dosing in Children With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Azim, A; Foster, BA; Haag, M; Khare, M; Kneese, G; Rhee, KE; Weinstein, K, 2020)	2.23
"High-quality data to guide vancomycin dosing in children with obesity are lacking."	( Vancomycin Dosing in Children With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Azim, A; Foster, BA; Haag, M; Khare, M; Kneese, G; Rhee, KE; Weinstein, K, 2020)	2.3
" Simulation was performed to identify a vancomycin dosing strategy that resulted in a trough concentration less than 15 mg/L and an area under the curve0-24:minimum inhibitory concentration ratio of greater than 400."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in the Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device Population. Akcan-Arikan, A; Anders, M; Humlicek, TJ; Moffett, BS; Tume, S, 2020)	1.11
"Vancomycin dosing in pediatric ventricular assist device patients should be altered in comparison to nonventricular assist device patients and should be accompanied with frequent serum concentration monitoring."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in the Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device Population. Akcan-Arikan, A; Anders, M; Humlicek, TJ; Moffett, BS; Tume, S, 2020)	2.29
"Recent vancomycin PK/PD and toxicodynamic studies enable a reassessment of the current dosing and monitoring guideline in an attempt to further optimize the efficacy and safety of vancomycin therapy."	( Executive Summary: Therapeutic Monitoring of Vancomycin for Serious Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections: A Revised Consensus Guideline and Review of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of A Bradley, JS; Le, J; Levine, DP; Liu, C; Lodise, TP; Lomaestro, BM; Maples, HD; Mueller, BA; Pai, MP; Rodvold, KA; Rotschafer, JC; Rybak, MJ; Wong-Beringer, A, 2020)	1.27
"This is the executive summary of the new vancomycin consensus guidelines for dosing and monitoring vancomycin therapy and was developed by the American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists vancomycin consensus guidelines committee."	( Executive Summary: Therapeutic Monitoring of Vancomycin for Serious Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections: A Revised Consensus Guideline and Review of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of A Bradley, JS; Le, J; Levine, DP; Liu, C; Lodise, TP; Lomaestro, BM; Maples, HD; Mueller, BA; Pai, MP; Rodvold, KA; Rotschafer, JC; Rybak, MJ; Wong-Beringer, A, 2020)	1.08
" In such cases, AUC-guided dosing and monitoring is the most accurate and optimal way to manage vancomycin therapy."	( Executive Summary: Therapeutic Monitoring of Vancomycin for Serious Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections: A Revised Consensus Guideline and Review of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of A Bradley, JS; Le, J; Levine, DP; Liu, C; Lodise, TP; Lomaestro, BM; Maples, HD; Mueller, BA; Pai, MP; Rodvold, KA; Rotschafer, JC; Rybak, MJ; Wong-Beringer, A, 2020)	1.04
" In 2009, SAPG introduced national guidance to standardize dosage regimens, reduce calculation errors and improve the monitoring of these antibiotics."	( Development and evaluation of a national gentamicin and vancomycin quality improvement programme. Bennie, M; Cockburn, A; Seaton, RA; Semple, Y; Sneddon, J; Thomson, AH, 2020)	0.8
"Vancomycin has been used in clinical practice for over 50 years; however, validated, pharmacokinetic (PK) data relating clinical outcomes to different dosing regimens in neonates are lacking."	( An optimised dosing regimen versus a standard dosing regimen of vancomycin for the treatment of late onset sepsis due to Gram-positive microorganisms in neonates and infants aged less than 90 days (NeoVanc): study protocol for a randomised controlled tria Hardy, P; Heath, PT; Hill, LF; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Linsell, L; Lutsar, I; Roilides, E; Sharland, M; Turner, MA, 2020)	2.24
" Dosing adjustments of vancomycin and close therapeutic drug monitoring are required for the safe and effective management of neonates during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in critically ill neonates receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. An, SH; Gwak, HS; Kim, JY; Lee, EM, 2020)	2.31
" After dosing, all units reported adjusting the dosage and re-dosing after modification (26/26)."	( Practice survey on the use of vancomycin in pediatrics in the New Aquitaine region and guidelines of learned societies. Pauquet, E; Sarlangue, J; Veluzat, S, 2020)	0.85
" Probabilities of reaching targets were calculated for the dosage proposed."	( Amikacin initial dosage in patients with hypoalbuminaemia: an interactive tool based on a population pharmacokinetic approach. Calvo, MV; Lanao, JM; Martín-Suárez, A; Pérez-Blanco, JS; Sáez Fernández, EM, 2020)	0.56
" The aim of the present study is to investigate the in vivo efficacy of auranofin (rheumatoid arthritis FDA-approved drug) in a CDI mouse model and establish an adequate dosage for treatment."	( Auranofin, at clinically achievable dose, protects mice and prevents recurrence from Clostridioides difficile infection. Abutaleb, NS; Seleem, MN, 2020)	0.56
"This paper demonstrates the use of a genetic algorithm (GA) for the optimization of a dosing guideline."	( Genetic Algorithms as a Tool for Dosing Guideline Optimization: Application to Intermittent Infusion Dosing for Vancomycin in Adults. Colin, PJ; Eleveld, DJ; Thomson, AH, 2020)	0.77
" Triplicate batches of vancomycin hydrochloride oral solution (50 mg/mL) were prepared using FIRST Vancomycin and FIRVANQ kits, aliquoted into plastic oral syringes and sealed dosing cups, stored at refrigerated and room temperatures for a total of eight sample groups."	( Comparative Stability Study of Unit-dose Vancomycin Hydrochloride Oral Solutions in Plastic Capped Oral Syringes and Plastic Sealed Dosage Cups. Brown, S; Lewis, P, )	0.71
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of patient body mass index (BMI) and estimated creatinine clearance (CrCl) on serum vancomycin concentrations to define a possible optimal dosage regimen in overweight patients based on data obtained during therapeutic drug monitoring."	( The effect of body mass index and creatinine clearance on serum trough concentration of vancomycin in adult patients. Ding, X; He, X; Pan, Y; Wang, F; Wang, W; Yang, X; Yao, X, 2020)	0.98
" Model-informed precision dosing may aid in optimizing the dose, but prospectively validated tools are not available for this drug in these patients."	( Prospective validation of a model-informed precision dosing tool for vancomycin in intensive care patients. Brüggemann, R; de Jager, CPC; Derijks, HJ; Frenzel, T; Keizer, RJ; Smolders, EJ; Ter Heine, R; van Luin, M; van Steeg, K, 2020)	0.79
"Using a systematic approach, with a retrospective evaluation and prospective verification we showed the suitability of a model to predict vancomycin pharmacokinetics for purposes of model-informed precision dosing in clinical practice."	( Prospective validation of a model-informed precision dosing tool for vancomycin in intensive care patients. Brüggemann, R; de Jager, CPC; Derijks, HJ; Frenzel, T; Keizer, RJ; Smolders, EJ; Ter Heine, R; van Luin, M; van Steeg, K, 2020)	1
" Dose-response analysis indicated a curvilinear relationship between trough levels and nephrotoxicity risk (χ2 = 127."	( Relationship of vancomycin trough levels with acute kidney injury risk: an exposure-toxicity meta-analysis. Bellos, I; Daskalakis, G; Pergialiotis, V, 2020)	0.9
"The 2019 update to the US consensus guideline for vancomycin therapeutic monitoring advocates using Bayesian-guided personalised dosing to maximise efficacy and minimise toxicity of vancomycin."	( Personalised dosing of vancomycin: A prospective and retrospective comparative quasi-experimental study. Jenkins, DR; Mulla, H; Vaja, R; Vali, L, 2021)	1.19
" Finally, 20 and 33 were proved to target Ddl in bacterio via intracellular LC-MS dosage of d-Ala, l-Ala and d-Ala-d-Ala."	( Pharmacomodulations of the benzoyl-thiosemicarbazide scaffold reveal antimicrobial agents targeting d-alanyl-d-alanine ligase in bacterio. Ameryckx, A; Frédérick, R; Pochet, L; Saadi, BE; Van Bambeke, F; Wang, G; Wouters, J; Yildiz, E, 2020)	0.56
"The Dutch Pediatric Formulary (DPF) increasingly bases its guidelines on model-based dosing simulations from pharmacokinetic studies."	( External Validation of Model-Based Dosing Guidelines for Vancomycin, Gentamicin, and Tobramycin in Critically Ill Neonates and Children: A Pragmatic Two-Center Study. de Hoop, M; de Wildt, SN; Hartman, SJF; Orriëns, LB; Poel, T; Zwaag, SM, 2020)	0.8
" The first therapeutic drug monitoring concentration for each patient was collected, as was clinical and dosing information."	( External Validation of Model-Based Dosing Guidelines for Vancomycin, Gentamicin, and Tobramycin in Critically Ill Neonates and Children: A Pragmatic Two-Center Study. de Hoop, M; de Wildt, SN; Hartman, SJF; Orriëns, LB; Poel, T; Zwaag, SM, 2020)	0.8
"This study illustrates the need to validate model-based dosing advice in the real-world setting as both sub- and supratherapeutic concentrations of vancomycin, gentamicin, and tobramycin were very prevalent."	( External Validation of Model-Based Dosing Guidelines for Vancomycin, Gentamicin, and Tobramycin in Critically Ill Neonates and Children: A Pragmatic Two-Center Study. de Hoop, M; de Wildt, SN; Hartman, SJF; Orriëns, LB; Poel, T; Zwaag, SM, 2020)	1
" The initial dosage of vancomycin was calculated according to the actual weight of the patient and adjusted according to the renal function."	( [High dose vitamin C significantly reduces the nephrotoxicity of vancomycin in critically ill patients]. Bian, X; Chen, E; He, J; Jing, F; Mao, E; Xu, W; Zhao, B, 2020)	1.11
" The aim of TDM is to individualize antimicrobial dosing to achieve antibiotic exposures associated with improved patient outcomes."	( Towards precision medicine: Therapeutic drug monitoring-guided dosing of vancomycin and β-lactam antibiotics to maximize effectiveness and minimize toxicity. Cusumano, JA; Huttner, A; Klinker, KP; LaPlante, KL; Luther, MK; Roberts, JA, 2020)	0.79
"Precision dosing through TDM is expanding and is especially important in populations with altered PK/PD, including critically ill, obese, and older adults."	( Towards precision medicine: Therapeutic drug monitoring-guided dosing of vancomycin and β-lactam antibiotics to maximize effectiveness and minimize toxicity. Cusumano, JA; Huttner, A; Klinker, KP; LaPlante, KL; Luther, MK; Roberts, JA, 2020)	0.79
" We investigated whether VV-ECMO influences vancomycin PPK and determined optimal recommended dosage for patients after LTx."	( Influence of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in lung transplant recipients. Chen, W; Cui, G; Li, M; Li, P; Liu, D; Ma, Y; Wang, C; Wang, Q; Zhan, Q; Zhang, X; Zhang, Z, 2020)	1.04
" Monte Carlo dosing simulation was conducted to explore vancomycin dosing regimens."	( Influence of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in lung transplant recipients. Chen, W; Cui, G; Li, M; Li, P; Liu, D; Ma, Y; Wang, C; Wang, Q; Zhan, Q; Zhang, X; Zhang, Z, 2020)	1.03
" Specific vancomycin dosing regimens with lower nephrotoxicity may benefit LTx recipients with VV-ECMO."	( Influence of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in lung transplant recipients. Chen, W; Cui, G; Li, M; Li, P; Liu, D; Ma, Y; Wang, C; Wang, Q; Zhan, Q; Zhang, X; Zhang, Z, 2020)	1.19
"The clinical situation for patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is complex, and drug dosing is complicated by significant pharmacokinetic alterations."	( Effectiveness of Vancomycin Dosing Guided by Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Adult Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Hay, K; Marella, P; Roberts, J; Shekar, K, 2020)	0.9
"Equations used to estimate kidney function for drug dosing rely on the assumption of homeostasis to translate a single-point measurement of serum creatinine into clearance (CL)."	( Modeling Kinetic Glomerular Filtration Rate in Adults with Stable and Unstable Kidney Function: Vancomycin as the Motivating Example. DeBacker, KC; Pai, MP, 2020)	0.78
"Recent clinical data on vancomycin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics suggest a reevaluation of current dosing and monitoring recommendations."	( Therapeutic Monitoring of Vancomycin for Serious Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections: A Revised Consensus Guideline and Review by the American Society of Health-system Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatr Bradley, JS; Le, J; Levine, DP; Liu, C; Lodise, TP; Lomaestro, B; Maples, HD; Mueller, BA; Pai, MP; Rodvold, KA; Rotschafer, JC; Rybak, MJ; Wong-Beringer, A, 2020)	1.17
" However, concerns about the appropriate empirical dosing required for optimal efficacy, still remain."	( [Empiric vancomycin dosing in neonates: relationship between initial dose and 24 h area under the curve/minimum inhibitory concentration ratio]. Klahn A, P; Martínez B, JP; Sandoval C, A, 2020)	0.98
" Current empirical dosing strategy has a 47."	( [Empiric vancomycin dosing in neonates: relationship between initial dose and 24 h area under the curve/minimum inhibitory concentration ratio]. Klahn A, P; Martínez B, JP; Sandoval C, A, 2020)	0.98
" Current empiric dosing strategies should be reconsidered and further investigation needs to be done to help determine the appropriate empirical dosing required for optimal efficacy in neonates."	( [Empiric vancomycin dosing in neonates: relationship between initial dose and 24 h area under the curve/minimum inhibitory concentration ratio]. Klahn A, P; Martínez B, JP; Sandoval C, A, 2020)	0.98
" Larger prospective trials with protocolized vancomycin dosing strategies are needed to further elucidate the impact of methamphetamine use on attainment of goal vancomycin troughs in addition to the potential impact on vancomycin clearance."	( Impact of Recent Methamphetamine Use on Vancomycin Clearance. Laguado, SA; Vadiei, N; Yenina, K, 2020)	1.09
" In conclusion, PLGA-coated vancomycin-loaded NT-covered NiTi can be effectively used as a controlled drug-delivery device, while having a drug-release dosage within the therapeutic window and a minimal negative effect on biocompatibility."	( PLGA-coated drug-loaded nanotubes anodically grown on nitinol. Barabadi, Z; Davoodian, F; Salahinejad, E; Sharifi, E; Tayebi, L, 2020)	0.85
" Over the past decade, an undisputed increasing number of favorable case reports has highlighted cyclosporine as an emerging, safe, and effective alternative despite inconsistent dosing regimens reported."	( A case of vancomycin-induced drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome with failure to respond to cyclosporine treatment. Alomari, AK; Burton, K; Clark, D; Rahnama-Moghadam, S, 2020)	0.96
"Cystatin C-guided vancomycin (VCM) dosing is useful in critically ill patients."	( Successful Vancomycin Dose Adjustment in a Sepsis patient with Bacterial Meningitis Using Cystatin C. Asada, M; Chuma, M; Goda, M; Ishizawa, K; Kondo, M; Okada, N; Oto, J; Shibata, A; Takechi, K; Yanagawa, H; Zamami, Y, 2020)	1.28
" This study aimed to determine the appropriate vancomycin dosage regimen for patients receiving SLEDD-f."	( Pharmacokinetics and dosing of vancomycin in patients undergoing sustained low efficiency daily diafiltration (SLEDD-f): A prospective study. Ko, WJ; Lin, SY; Shen, LJ; Wu, CC; Wu, FL; Wu, VC, 2021)	1.16
" When using vancomycin, the intraperitoneal (IP) recommended pediatric loading dosage is 1000 mg/L of dialysate."	( Intraperitoneal vancomycin for peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis in children: Evaluation of loading dose guidelines. Alejandro, L; Benador, N; Capparelli, EV; Hennessy, K; Murray, W; Romanowski, G, 2021)	1.35
" Predicted vancomycin peaks were also simulated from virtual pediatrics patients 3-70 kg following various dosing strategies."	( Intraperitoneal vancomycin for peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis in children: Evaluation of loading dose guidelines. Alejandro, L; Benador, N; Capparelli, EV; Hennessy, K; Murray, W; Romanowski, G, 2021)	1.36
" A 500 mg/L loading dosing appears more appropriate and needs further study."	( Intraperitoneal vancomycin for peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis in children: Evaluation of loading dose guidelines. Alejandro, L; Benador, N; Capparelli, EV; Hennessy, K; Murray, W; Romanowski, G, 2021)	0.97
" Current drug references lack recommendations for vancomycin dosing in patients receiving SLED."	( Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Sustained Low-Efficiency Dialysis. Bress, J; Hite, MS; Rider, TR; Silinskie, KM, 2020)	1.13
" Following this, patients received vancomycin, dosed to target a goal peak of 20-30 mcg/ml."	( Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Sustained Low-Efficiency Dialysis. Bress, J; Hite, MS; Rider, TR; Silinskie, KM, 2020)	1.16
" Based on study findings, patients who are critically ill require additional vancomycin dosing after each SLED session to maintain therapeutic post-SLED vancomycin concentrations."	( Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Sustained Low-Efficiency Dialysis. Bress, J; Hite, MS; Rider, TR; Silinskie, KM, 2020)	1.11
" Increasing the VCM dosage of the Nelson regimen with simulation should therefore be considered."	( Low vancomycin trough concentration in neonates and young infants. Funaki, T; Isayama, T; Ito, Y; Maruyama, H; Tanzawa, A, 2021)	1.18
" Without TDM, prolonged infusion was judged to be the most appropriate dosing regimen for beta lactams."	( The ONTAI study - a survey on antimicrobial dosing and the practice of therapeutic drug monitoring in German intensive care units. Grabein, B; Liebchen, U; Paal, M; Scharf, C; Schroeder, I; Siebers, C; Zander, J; Zoller, M, 2020)	0.56
" Vancomycin levels were collected during clinical care and at 3 times during a single dosing interval."	( Effect of Cystatin C on Vancomycin Clearance Estimation in Critically Ill Children Using a Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling Approach. Downes, KJ; Zane, NR; Zuppa, AF, 2020)	1.78
"Vancomycin prophylaxis in paediatric cardio-surgery requires strict therapeutic drug monitoring and several dosage adjustments."	( Vancomycin prophylaxis in paediatric patients following cardiac surgery: a retrospective evaluation of trough levels and associated variables. Benegni, S; Corsetti, T; Di Chiara, L; Fragasso, T; Insom, G; Ricci, Z; Vallesi, L, 2020)	3.44
" Whenever a laboratory-derived minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was not available to guide dosing decisions, a surrogate target MIC was assumed in 77% of hospitals."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring of commonly used anti-infective agents: A nationwide cross-sectional survey of Australian hospital practices. Alffenaar, JW; Cotta, MO; Daveson, K; Imani, S; Lau, C; Marriott, D; Penm, J; Roberts, JA; Sandaradura, I; Tabah, A; Trethewy, N; van Hal, S; Williams, P, 2020)	0.56
" However, selecting the "correct" model for this model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) is challenging."	( A Model Averaging/Selection Approach Improves the Predictive Performance of Model-Informed Precision Dosing: Vancomycin as a Case Study. Brett, J; Carland, JE; Day, RO; Marriott, DJE; Stocker, SL; Uster, DW; Wicha, SG, 2021)	0.83
"Model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) leverages pharmacokinetic (PK) models to tailor dosing to an individual patient's needs, improving attainment of therapeutic drug exposure targets and thus potentially improving drug efficacy or reducing adverse events."	( Continuous Learning in Model-Informed Precision Dosing: A Case Study in Pediatric Dosing of Vancomycin. Faldasz, JD; Goswami, S; Hughes, JH; Keizer, RJ; Lucas, SS; Tong, DMH, 2021)	0.84
" However, precise dosing of vancomycin is difficult in children because of high interindividual variability and limited data of pharmacokinetic profiles."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Study of Vancomycin in Chinese Pediatric Patients with Hematological Malignancies. Fang, L; Gao, P; Hu, Y; Huang, L; Ni, Y; Wang, H; Wang, J; Yang, J; Zhang, L; Zhu, Z, 2020)	1.13
" The standard dosage regimens of vancomycin were then evaluated using data from PK modeling."	( Optimization of Vancomycin Dosing Regimen in Cancer Patients using Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling. Almatrafi, A; Alqahtani, M; Alqahtani, S; Alsultan, A; Alzamil, F; Asiri, Y; Bin Aydan, N, 2020)	1.19
" The standard and suggested vancomycin dosing regimens were evaluated using PK/PD modeling and Monte Carlo Simulations."	( Optimization of Vancomycin Dosing Regimen in Cancer Patients using Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling. Almatrafi, A; Alqahtani, M; Alqahtani, S; Alsultan, A; Alzamil, F; Asiri, Y; Bin Aydan, N, 2020)	1.2
" We aimed to determine vancomycin trough concentration and AUC that induce nephrotoxicity and evaluate predictive factors associated with a high serum vancomycin trough level according to the initial dosing strategy."	( Comparison of trough concentration and area under the curve of vancomycin associated with the incidence of nephrotoxicity and predictors of a high trough level. Hamada, Y; Ikeda, H; Namiki, M; Sasaki, T; Suzuki, A; Tanaka, H; Watanabe, T; Yanagihara, M, 2021)	1.17
" Critically ill patients are particularly vulnerable to poor outcomes from infection and face multiple risk factors for AKI, thus early precision dosing of vancomycin is vital in this population."	( First-Dose Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics Versus Empiric Dosing on Area-Under-the-Curve Target Attainment in Critically Ill Patients. Burgess, DS; Cook, AM; Delozier, NL; Effoe, SA; Flannery, AH; Wallace, KL, 2020)	1.15
" Patients were separated into cohorts based on whether they had two concentrations assessed after the first dose of vancomycin and were subsequently dosed based on personalized pharmacokinetic calculations (first-dose kinetics) or whether they were empirically dosed using population estimates."	( First-Dose Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics Versus Empiric Dosing on Area-Under-the-Curve Target Attainment in Critically Ill Patients. Burgess, DS; Cook, AM; Delozier, NL; Effoe, SA; Flannery, AH; Wallace, KL, 2020)	1.16
"Compared with patients receiving empiric dosing by population estimates, using first-dose kinetics to guide subsequent dosing resulted in significantly greater AUC target attainment at SS (58."	( First-Dose Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics Versus Empiric Dosing on Area-Under-the-Curve Target Attainment in Critically Ill Patients. Burgess, DS; Cook, AM; Delozier, NL; Effoe, SA; Flannery, AH; Wallace, KL, 2020)	0.95
"A dosing strategy using two vancomycin serum concentrations after the first dose and calculating personalized pharmacokinetic parameters to guide subsequent dosing is associated with greater AUC target attainment at SS compared with empiric dosing of vancomycin in critically ill adults with relatively stable renal function."	( First-Dose Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics Versus Empiric Dosing on Area-Under-the-Curve Target Attainment in Critically Ill Patients. Burgess, DS; Cook, AM; Delozier, NL; Effoe, SA; Flannery, AH; Wallace, KL, 2020)	1.24
"This pilot population pharmacokinetic analysis provides important information to warrant changes in the management of intraventricular vancomycin treatment in the preterm population, such as the current use of VI as a dosing parameter."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Intraventricular Vancomycin in Neonatal Ventriculitis, A Preterm Pilot Study. Albur, M; Heep, A; Kloprogge, F; Parasuraman, JM; Standing, JF, 2021)	1.08
"Area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) -guided dosing provides better estimates of exposure than vancomycin trough concentrations."	( Cost-benefit analysis comparing trough, two-level AUC and Bayesian AUC dosing for vancomycin. Bolaris, M; Fong, G; Gong, CL; Kang, A; Lee, BV; Lee, G; Minejima, E; Neely, M, 2021)	1.06
"In the base-case model, two-sample AUC versus trough dosing saved an average of US$ 846 per patient encounter, and single-sample Bayesian AUC versus trough dosing saved an average of US$ 2065 per patient encounter."	( Cost-benefit analysis comparing trough, two-level AUC and Bayesian AUC dosing for vancomycin. Bolaris, M; Fong, G; Gong, CL; Kang, A; Lee, BV; Lee, G; Minejima, E; Neely, M, 2021)	0.85
" The potential to decrease rates of AKI, improve clinical outcomes and reduce costs to the institution strongly warrants consideration of improved dosing methods for vancomycin."	( Cost-benefit analysis comparing trough, two-level AUC and Bayesian AUC dosing for vancomycin. Bolaris, M; Fong, G; Gong, CL; Kang, A; Lee, BV; Lee, G; Minejima, E; Neely, M, 2021)	1.04
" The purpose of this study was to determine if area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)-guided vancomycin dosing reduced the incidence of AKI in a sample of patients who also received P-T."	( Evaluation of area under the concentration-time curve-guided vancomycin dosing with or without piperacillin-tazobactam on the incidence of acute kidney injury. Edwards, JD; Muklewicz, JD; Steuber, TD, 2021)	1.08
"This single-centre, retrospective, pre-post quasi-experimental study compared the incidence of AKI before and after a health-system-wide change from trough- to AUC-guided vancomycin dosing using two post-distribution levels."	( Evaluation of area under the concentration-time curve-guided vancomycin dosing with or without piperacillin-tazobactam on the incidence of acute kidney injury. Edwards, JD; Muklewicz, JD; Steuber, TD, 2021)	1.06
" There was no difference in the incidence of AKI in the population receiving concomitant P-T between dosing strategies."	( Evaluation of area under the concentration-time curve-guided vancomycin dosing with or without piperacillin-tazobactam on the incidence of acute kidney injury. Edwards, JD; Muklewicz, JD; Steuber, TD, 2021)	0.86
" Caution should be taken when combining vancomycin and P-T regardless of dosing strategy."	( Evaluation of area under the concentration-time curve-guided vancomycin dosing with or without piperacillin-tazobactam on the incidence of acute kidney injury. Edwards, JD; Muklewicz, JD; Steuber, TD, 2021)	1.13
" We evaluated the performance of a model-based dosing algorithm in achieving a therapeutic target within 7 days of care transition."	( Validation of Vancomycin Dosing Guidance During Transition of Care. Chan, M; Heng, ST; Ng, TM; Oon, J; Tam, VH, 2021)	0.98
"Over the past decade, numerous obesity-specific pharmacokinetic (PK) models and dosage regimens have been developed."	( Do Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics Differ Between Obese and Non-obese Patients? Comparison of a General-Purpose and Four Obesity-Specific Pharmacokinetic Models. Colin, PJ; Eleveld, DJ; Hart, A; Thomson, AH, 2021)	1.24
" Up to 8 samples plus a terminal sample were drawn during the 24-h dosing period."	( The Pharmacodynamic-Toxicodynamic Relationship of AUC and Avedissian, SN; Becher, L; Lamar, PC; Liu, J; Lodise, TP; Neely, M; O'Donnell, JN; Pais, G; Prozialeck, WC; Scheetz, MH, 2021)	0.62
" The aim of this study was to construct a population pharmacokinetics model for vancomycin in extremely-low-birth-weight infants and establish an optimal dosage regimen."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis and Dose Regimen Optimization in Japanese Infants with an Extremely Low Birth Weight. Aoki, K; Arakawa, R; Hanada, K; Sasano, H, 2021)	0.85
" There is a need to evaluate the predictive performance of the population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model used for individual calculation of dosage regimens in ARC patients."	( Predictive performance of reported vancomycin population pharmacokinetic model in patients with different renal function status, especially those with augmented renal clearance. Duan, LF; Li, JJ; Li, L; Lu, HD; Lu, J; Shen, Y; Shi, L; Tang, L; Xue, SD; Yu, YX; Zhuang, ZW, 2022)	1
"Current guidelines on vancomycin dosing lack specific recommendations about its dosing in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients, the objective of the current study was to compare vancomycin pharmacokinetic variables in this population with those of general population."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Arjangpour, S; Mousavi, SA; Sadeghi, K; Solduzian, M, 2022)	2.48
"The dosing methods which use population-based pharmacokinetic variables does not result in desired therapeutic levels in HSCT patients, mainly because of larger vancomycin volume of distribution."	( Vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Arjangpour, S; Mousavi, SA; Sadeghi, K; Solduzian, M, 2022)	2.36
" Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a dosing individualisation strategy that helps to minimise toxicity whilst maximising the efficacy of the agent."	( Individualized dosing of vancomycin in geriatric patients. Fürst, T; Lečbychová, K; Strojil, J; Suchánková, H, 2020)	0.86
" Initial dosing led to optimum vancomycin exposure in 37."	( Individualized dosing of vancomycin in geriatric patients. Fürst, T; Lečbychová, K; Strojil, J; Suchánková, H, 2020)	1.15
"AUC-based vancomycin monitoring is superior to trough-based approach as the latter can lead to unnecessarily aggressive dosing in over a quarter of patients."	( Individualized dosing of vancomycin in geriatric patients. Fürst, T; Lečbychová, K; Strojil, J; Suchánková, H, 2020)	1.26
" Then, the individual dosing regimens of the 92 patients hospitalized in the ICU whose steady state trough concentrations exceeded the target range (10-20 μg/ml) were adjusted by the Bayes feedback method."	( Population pharmacokinetic modeling and clinical application of vancomycin in Chinese patients hospitalized in intensive care units. Chen, DY; Chen, LH; Cui, K; Jiang, ZL; Lin, Z; Zhang, S; Zhu, YW, 2021)	0.86
" Further prospective studies are needed to find optimal dosing and monitoring strategy on VCM in pediatric population."	( The optimal trough-guided monitoring of vancomycin in children: Systematic review and meta-analyses. Enoki, Y; Fujii, S; Hamada, Y; Kimura, T; Kojima, N; Matsumoto, K; Mizukami, Y; Moriyama, H; Oda, K; Osa, S; Taguchi, K; Takahashi, Y; Takesue, Y; Tashiro, S; Tsutsuura, M, 2021)	0.89
"Suboptimal antibiotic dosing has been identified as one of the key drivers in the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria that have become a global health concern."	( An optimized method for the detection and spatial distribution of aminoglycoside and vancomycin antibiotics in tissue sections by mass spectrometry imaging. Carter, CL; Dartois, V; Wang, N, 2021)	0.85
" Accurate, rapid, and continuous Van detection is an unmet medical monitoring need that can provide data-based guidance for doctors to adjust the dosage and treatment plan in real-world settings."	( A fluorescence biosensor for therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin using in vivo microdialysis. Chen, Z; Fan, F; Mu, F; Shi, G; Zhou, X, 2021)	0.86
" Oral vancomycin is a cornerstone of CDI treatment, but dosing strategies in clinical practice may differ from guideline recommendations."	( Effect of oral vancomycin dose on outcomes in patients with Clostridioides difficile infection. Bidell, MR; Bratek, BR; Duru, OO; Mitchell, CL; Novak, GM; O'Donnell, JN; Roddy, KM; Singh, G, 2021)	1.46
" Our results suggest that in clinical use of the tested antibiotics during CRRT with the ATA hemofilter, the same factors have to be considered for determining the dosing strategy as with filters with other commonly applied membrane materials."	( Antibiotics Removal by Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration with a Novel Asymmetric Triacetate Membrane Hemofilter: An in vitro Study. Heskamp, B; Körtge, A; Majcher-Peszynska, J; Mitzner, S; Wasserkort, R, 2021)	0.62
" The median dosage of TA and VAN were 10."	( Comparison of risk of acute kidney injury between patients receiving the combination of teicoplanin and piperacillin/tazobactam versus vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam. Lin, FJ; Shao, CH; Tai, CH; Wang, CC; Wang, JT; Wu, CC, 2022)	0.92
" It is frequently given at inappropriate dosage and intervals, failing to: give loading dose when recommended, measure blood levels, adjust dosing to changing renal function and continued use when not necessary."	( [Critical review of a suboptimal antibiotic, frequently overused and inappropriately dosed: Vancomycin]. Carrasco, JP; Cifuentes, M; Quintanilla, R; Wolff, M, 2019)	0.73
" The motivation for this change was accumulating evidence showing aggressive dosing to achieve high troughs, as recommended in the first guidelines for adults and extrapolated to paediatrics, is associated with increased nephrotoxicity without improving clinical outcomes."	( AUCs and 123s: a critical appraisal of vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring in paediatrics. Dalton, BR; Dersch-Mills, D; Dresser, LD; Gin, A; Jorgensen, SCJ; Stewart, JJ; Timberlake, K, 2021)	0.89
"To date, outcome data with a large sample size and data regarding the clinical outcomes of pharmacokinetic-guided (PK) dosing of vancomycin are limited."	( Individualized Vancomycin Dosing with Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacokinetic Consultation Service: A Large-Scale Retrospective Observational Study. Hwang, NY; Kim, K; Kim, SM; Lee, HS; Lee, SY; Park, HD, 2021)	1.18
"We evaluated the pharmacokinetic and clinical outcomes of a PK-guided dosing advisory program, pharmacokinetic consultation service (PKCS), in vancomycin treatment."	( Individualized Vancomycin Dosing with Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacokinetic Consultation Service: A Large-Scale Retrospective Observational Study. Hwang, NY; Kim, K; Kim, SM; Lee, HS; Lee, SY; Park, HD, 2021)	1.18
" Target trough attainment rate, time to target attainment, vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity (VIN), vancomycin treatment failure rate, and duration of vancomycin therapy were compared between patients whose dosing was adjusted according to PKCS (PKCS group), and those whose dose was adjusted at the discretion of the attending physician (non-PKCS group)."	( Individualized Vancomycin Dosing with Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacokinetic Consultation Service: A Large-Scale Retrospective Observational Study. Hwang, NY; Kim, K; Kim, SM; Lee, HS; Lee, SY; Park, HD, 2021)	1.22
" Considering the excessive amount of effort currently put into vancomycin dosing and monitoring, more selective criteria for individualized pharmacokinetic-guided dosing needs to be applied."	( Individualized Vancomycin Dosing with Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacokinetic Consultation Service: A Large-Scale Retrospective Observational Study. Hwang, NY; Kim, K; Kim, SM; Lee, HS; Lee, SY; Park, HD, 2021)	1.21
"The optimal dosing and monitoring of vancomycin has been largely debated for decades, with key guideline changes for recommended monitoring in 2009 and 2020."	( Unexpected Vancomycin Pharmacokinetic Profile Secondary to Macromolecular Complexing: A Case Series. Baumann, NA; Go, JR; Rice, ML; Rivera, CG; Saleh, OA; Stevens, RW; Zeuli, JD, 2021)	1.28
" Drug dosing based on patients weight or body surface area may not be satisfactory in terms of safety or efficacy, especially for patients with a higher degree of obesity."	( Obesity-associated changes in drug pharmacokinetics. Hartinger, JM; Pilková, A, 2020)	0.56
"The 10 published models performed unsatisfactorily in prediction- and simulation-based diagnostics; none of the published models was suitable for designing the initial dosing regimens of vancomycin."	( Systematic external evaluation of reported population pharmacokinetic models of vancomycin in Chinese children and adolescents. Chen, M; Chen, Y; Jing, L; Li, C; Liu, TT; Lu, J; Lv, C; Wei, Y; Zhang, R; Zhou, S, 2021)	1.04
" Administering vancomycin requires close monitoring of serum vancomycin levels and appropriate dosing based on patients' renal function, underlying infection type and serum concentration levels."	( Outcomes of a pharmacist-driven vancomycin monitoring initiative in a community hospital. Joseph, K; Lui, M; Madison, G; Ramireddy, K; Turco, T, 2021)	1.26
"MPC pharmacists were trained on how to give appropriate vancomycin dosing recommendations based on patients' vancomycin trough levels, renal function and underlying infection."	( Outcomes of a pharmacist-driven vancomycin monitoring initiative in a community hospital. Joseph, K; Lui, M; Madison, G; Ramireddy, K; Turco, T, 2021)	1.15
" Incorporation of AUC-guided dosing and monitoring has the potential to further optimize vancomycin efficacy and safety."	( Outcomes of a pharmacist-driven vancomycin monitoring initiative in a community hospital. Joseph, K; Lui, M; Madison, G; Ramireddy, K; Turco, T, 2021)	1.13
"Despite the availability of international consensus guidelines, vancomycin dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) remain suboptimal."	( Are vancomycin dosing guidelines followed? A mixed methods study of vancomycin prescribing practices. Baysari, MT; Carland, JE; Day, RO; Elhage, T; Gilbey, T; Li, C; Marriott, DJE; Moran, MA; Sandaradura, I; Själin, J; Stocker, SL; Tang, S; Williams, KM, 2021)	1.42
" Data collected included patient characteristics, dosing history and plasma vancomycin and creatinine concentrations."	( Are vancomycin dosing guidelines followed? A mixed methods study of vancomycin prescribing practices. Baysari, MT; Carland, JE; Day, RO; Elhage, T; Gilbey, T; Li, C; Marriott, DJE; Moran, MA; Sandaradura, I; Själin, J; Stocker, SL; Tang, S; Williams, KM, 2021)	1.41
" Multifaceted strategies to support prescriber decision-making are required to improve vancomycin dosing and monitoring."	( Are vancomycin dosing guidelines followed? A mixed methods study of vancomycin prescribing practices. Baysari, MT; Carland, JE; Day, RO; Elhage, T; Gilbey, T; Li, C; Marriott, DJE; Moran, MA; Sandaradura, I; Själin, J; Stocker, SL; Tang, S; Williams, KM, 2021)	1.4
"Accurate documentation of medication administration time is imperative for many therapeutic decisions, including dosing of intravenous antimicrobials."	( Accuracy of documented administration times for intravenous antimicrobial drugs and impact on dosing decisions. Baysari, MT; Carland, JE; Day, RO; Debono, DS; Reuter, SE; Roydhouse, SA; Sandhu, APK; Staciwa, AJ; Stocker, SL, 2021)	0.62
"Patient and dosing data were collected (June-August 2019) for 55 in-patients receiving antimicrobial infusions."	( Accuracy of documented administration times for intravenous antimicrobial drugs and impact on dosing decisions. Baysari, MT; Carland, JE; Day, RO; Debono, DS; Reuter, SE; Roydhouse, SA; Sandhu, APK; Staciwa, AJ; Stocker, SL, 2021)	0.62
" The median dosage of vancomycin was 40."	( Impact of initial vancomycin pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters on the clinical and microbiological outcomes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in children. Kim, M; Lee, J; Seo, E; So, H; Yoo, R, 2021)	1.27
"The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with pharmacist assessment of pharmacokinetics and dosing with documentation in IV vancomycin treated patients from January-June 2020."	( Transitioning From Consult-Based to Automatic Pharmacy-Driven Vancomycin Management: Results From a Single, Primary Care Center. Clark, M; Cole, JL; O'Glee, R; White, M, 2022)	1.17
" Various innovative vancomycin dosing strategies have been developed for dose optimization; however, the utilization of individual factors and extensibility is insufficient."	( Prediction of vancomycin dose on high-dimensional data using machine learning techniques. Bu, S; Chen, J; Gao, F; Huang, X; Li, L; Shi, J; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Wei, X; Xu, A; Yu, Z; Zhang, J, 2021)	1.31
" To optimize vancomycin activity, dosage was adjusted to achieve an AUC/MIC ≥400."	( Effectiveness of vancomycin plus cloxacillin compared with vancomycin, cloxacillin and daptomycin single therapies in the treatment of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in a rabbit model of experimental endocarditis. Almela, M; Cañas-Pacheco, MA; Castañeda, X; Dahl, A; Falces, C; Fuster, D; García-De-la-Mària, C; García-González, J; Gasch, O; Hernández-Meneses, M; Llopis, J; Marco, F; Miró, JM; Moreno, A; Pericàs, JM; Quintana, E; Soy, D; Tolosana, JM; Vidal, B, 2021)	1.33
"To assess plans for institutional adoption of vancomycin AUC dosing programs and perceptions of currently used programs in hospitals across the US."	( Assessment of the Implementation of AUC Dosing and Monitoring Practices With Vancomycin at Hospitals Across the United States. Bradley, N; Lee, Y; Sadeia, M, 2022)	1.21
" Most respondents have yet to implement AUC dosing (142/202, 70."	( Assessment of the Implementation of AUC Dosing and Monitoring Practices With Vancomycin at Hospitals Across the United States. Bradley, N; Lee, Y; Sadeia, M, 2022)	0.95
"Background Correct dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) practices are essential when aiming for optimal vancomycin treatment."	( Vancomycin dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring practices: guidelines versus real-life. Buyle, FM; Claus, B; De Cock, PAJG; De Paepe, P; Schelstraete, P; Somers, A; Van Der Heggen, T; Vanhaesebrouck, S, 2021)	2.28
" Thus, Bayesian-guided dosing of vancomycin in this population should be used cautiously."	( Predictive Performance of Bayesian Vancomycin Monitoring in the Critically Ill. Alffenaar, JW; Drennan, PG; Narayan, SW; Patanwala, AE; Thoma, Y; Van Hal, S; Yejin Kim, H, 2021)	1.18
" Factors influence of the PK was investigated to optimize vancomycin dosing regimen."	( Establishment of a population pharmacokinetics model of vancomycin in 94 infants with septicemia and its application in individualized therapy. Jiao, Z; Li, H; Li, Z; Sun, H; Wang, C; Xu, F, 2021)	1.11
" More than two model evaluation methods showed better stability than the base model, with superior predictive performance, which can develop individualized dosing regimens for clinical reference."	( Establishment of a population pharmacokinetics model of vancomycin in 94 infants with septicemia and its application in individualized therapy. Jiao, Z; Li, H; Li, Z; Sun, H; Wang, C; Xu, F, 2021)	0.87
" This model has satisfactory predictive ability for clinically individualized dosing regimens in this vulnerable population."	( Establishment of a population pharmacokinetics model of vancomycin in 94 infants with septicemia and its application in individualized therapy. Jiao, Z; Li, H; Li, Z; Sun, H; Wang, C; Xu, F, 2021)	0.87
" As part of an antibiotic stewardship program, we implemented internal guidelines on correct vancomycin dosing, TDM timing, as well as targeted trough level range and installed a pharmacokinetic (PK) consultation service to adapt vancomycin dosing to individually calculated PK parameters."	( Pediatric Antibiotic Stewardship: Optimization of Vancomycin Therapy Based on Individual Pharmacokinetics. Huebner, J; Kreitmeyr, K; Mikolajczyk, R; Pecar, A; von Both, U, 2021)	1.09
"Recommendations regarding vancomycin dosing in critically ill patients on continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) are limited."	( Evaluation of dosing strategies and trough concentrations of vancomycin in patients undergoing continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Almadrahi, Z; Cunmuljaj, L; Mouabbi, K; Wahby, KA; Wilpula, L, 2021)	1.16
" Dosing strategies with two dosing categories were defined: (1) dosing based on random serum levels (dosing by level, DBL) or (2) scheduled vancomycin dosing (SD)."	( Evaluation of dosing strategies and trough concentrations of vancomycin in patients undergoing continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Almadrahi, Z; Cunmuljaj, L; Mouabbi, K; Wahby, KA; Wilpula, L, 2021)	1.06
" Scheduled vancomycin dosing regimens of 15-22 mg/kg every 12-24 h were required to yield trough levels in the 15-20 mcg/ml range."	( Evaluation of dosing strategies and trough concentrations of vancomycin in patients undergoing continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Almadrahi, Z; Cunmuljaj, L; Mouabbi, K; Wahby, KA; Wilpula, L, 2021)	1.25
" Liposome entrapment has been used as a method to allow higher drug dosing apart from reducing toxicity associated with drugs."	( Exploring the possible targeting strategies of liposomes against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Azhari, H; Chen, XY; Mat Rani, NNI; Mohd Amin, MCI; Mustafa Hussein, Z; Mustapa, F; Sekar, M, 2021)	0.62
" Patients were stratified in groups according to their estimated glomerular filtration rate for drug dosing of vancomycin and meropenem."	( Drug dosing using estimated glomerular filtration rate: Misclassification due to metamizole interference in a creatinine assay. Bojko, L; Borato, DCK; Borges, CL; Dionísio, LM; Moss, MF; Ripka, GP, 2021)	0.83
"During the validity of metamizole treatment, the stratification for drug dosing by the estimated glomerular filtration rate is not reliable if the creatinine measurement is done through dry chemistry."	( Drug dosing using estimated glomerular filtration rate: Misclassification due to metamizole interference in a creatinine assay. Bojko, L; Borato, DCK; Borges, CL; Dionísio, LM; Moss, MF; Ripka, GP, 2021)	0.62
"To optimize vancomycin use in neonatal and pediatric patients, clinicians should focus on selecting a model that best fits their patient population and use Bayesian estimation tools for therapeutic area under the -curve-targeted dosing and monitoring."	( Implementation of Vancomycin Therapeutic Monitoring Guidelines: Focus on Bayesian Estimation Tools in Neonatal and Pediatric Patients. Adler-Shohet, FC; Bradley, JS; DO, DH; Han, J; Le, J; Michalik, DE; Sauberan, J; Tien, TH; Tran, L; Tran, MT, 2022)	1.43
" We also observed that the current dosing regimen practiced in the intensive care unit was inadequate for achieving the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic target."	( Population Pharmacokinetics and Dose Optimization of Vancomycin in Critically Ill Children. Abbasi, MY; Mulubwa, M; Sridharan, K, 2021)	0.87
" The most practical way to perform AUC-guided dosing is by estimating an AUC from a steady-state trough."	( Vancomycin area under the curves estimated with pharmacokinetic equations using trough-only data. Fewel, N, 2021)	2.06
" The Vd model from the present study can be used for AUC-guided dosing with trough-only data which requires less blood work than peak-trough monitoring."	( Vancomycin area under the curves estimated with pharmacokinetic equations using trough-only data. Fewel, N, 2021)	2.06
"Pharmacometrics could play a key role in shifting pediatric pharmacotherapy from dosing for an average patient to individualizing dosing."	( Understanding the Role of Pharmacometrics-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems in Pediatric Patient Management: A Case Study Using Lyv Software. Bhutta, A; Gobburu, JVS; Ivaturi, V; Jarugula, P; Moffett, BS; Noack, A; Scott, S, 2021)	0.62
" In this study, we investigated the factors determining the appropriate VCM dosing schedule in neonates, especially premature infants."	( Index for the appropriate vancomycin dosing in premature neonates and infants. Endo, A; Hanawa, K; Hanawa, T; Hasebe, Y; Ishikawa, T; Isobe, K; Kawano, Y; Kobayashi, Y; Koshiishi, M; Maebayashi, Y; Naito, A; Nemoto, A, 2022)	1.02
"The VCM dosage and trough concentrations were retrospectively investigated from the initial treatment to maintenance therapy in neonatal intensive care unit patients who underwent therapeutic drug monitoring."	( Index for the appropriate vancomycin dosing in premature neonates and infants. Endo, A; Hanawa, K; Hanawa, T; Hasebe, Y; Ishikawa, T; Isobe, K; Kawano, Y; Kobayashi, Y; Koshiishi, M; Maebayashi, Y; Naito, A; Nemoto, A, 2022)	1.02
" When we applied the six-item index, 18 of 20 patients (90%) had concordant results between the actual VCM dosing schedule and the VCM calculated using the index."	( Index for the appropriate vancomycin dosing in premature neonates and infants. Endo, A; Hanawa, K; Hanawa, T; Hasebe, Y; Ishikawa, T; Isobe, K; Kawano, Y; Kobayashi, Y; Koshiishi, M; Maebayashi, Y; Naito, A; Nemoto, A, 2022)	1.02
" Relative to 24 h controls, a dose-response in bacterial killing (range -0."	( Efficacy assessment of lysin CF-296 in addition to daptomycin or vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus in the murine thigh infection model. Asempa, TE; Cassino, C; DeRosa, NA; Lehoux, D; Nicolau, DP; Schuch, R, 2021)	0.86
" This study aimed to evaluate if commonly used dosing regimens are efficient in reaching these levels and if therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) was appropriately used."	( Children may need higher vancomycin doses to achieve therapeutic levels. Gunnarsson, P; Haraldsson, A; Oskarsdottir, K; Oskarsdottir, T; Thorkelsson, T; Thors, V, 2021)	0.92
"Limited data are available on the implementation of an area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)-based dosing protocol with multidisciplinary team (MT) support to improve adherence with vancomycin dosing protocol."	( Effectiveness of a vancomycin dosing protocol guided by area under the concentration-time curve to minimal inhibitory concentration (AUC/MIC) with multidisciplinary team support to improve hospital-wide adherence to a vancomycin dosing protocol: A pilot s Apisarnthanarak, A; Jantarathaneewat, K; Katawethiwong, P; Suwantarat, N; Warren, DK; Weber, DJ, 2022)	1.24
"To evaluate the effectiveness of an AUC-based dosing protocol with MT support intervention with adherence to a hospital-wide vancomycin dosing protocol at Thammasat University Hospital."	( Effectiveness of a vancomycin dosing protocol guided by area under the concentration-time curve to minimal inhibitory concentration (AUC/MIC) with multidisciplinary team support to improve hospital-wide adherence to a vancomycin dosing protocol: A pilot s Apisarnthanarak, A; Jantarathaneewat, K; Katawethiwong, P; Suwantarat, N; Warren, DK; Weber, DJ, 2022)	1.26
" The study was divided into 2 periods; (1) the preintervention period when the vancomycin dosing protocol was already applied in routine practice and (2) the post-intervention period when the implementation of an AUC-based dosing protocol with MT support was added to the existing vancomycin dosing protocol."	( Effectiveness of a vancomycin dosing protocol guided by area under the concentration-time curve to minimal inhibitory concentration (AUC/MIC) with multidisciplinary team support to improve hospital-wide adherence to a vancomycin dosing protocol: A pilot s Apisarnthanarak, A; Jantarathaneewat, K; Katawethiwong, P; Suwantarat, N; Warren, DK; Weber, DJ, 2022)	1.28
"AUC-based dosing protocol with MT support significantly improved adherence with vancomycin dosing protocol and was associated with a lower 30-day mortality rate."	( Effectiveness of a vancomycin dosing protocol guided by area under the concentration-time curve to minimal inhibitory concentration (AUC/MIC) with multidisciplinary team support to improve hospital-wide adherence to a vancomycin dosing protocol: A pilot s Apisarnthanarak, A; Jantarathaneewat, K; Katawethiwong, P; Suwantarat, N; Warren, DK; Weber, DJ, 2022)	1.28
"Using pharmacokinetic (PK) models and Bayesian methods in dosing software facilitates the analysis of individual PK data and precision dosing."	( To Estimate or to Forecast? Lessons From a Comparative Analysis of Four Bayesian Fitting Methods Based on Nonparametric Models. Alloux, C; Bourguignon, L; Goutelle, S; Maire, P; Neely, M; Van Guilder, M, 2021)	0.62
"Model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) approaches typically apply maximum a posteriori (MAP) Bayesian estimation to determine individual pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters with the goal of optimizing future dosing regimens."	( A hybrid machine learning/pharmacokinetic approach outperforms maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimation by selectively flattening model priors. Hughes, JH; Keizer, RJ, 2021)	0.62
"Septic infants/neonates need effective antibiotic exposure, but dosing recommendations are challenging as the pharmacokinetics in this age are highly variable."	( Microdialysis sampling to monitor target-site vancomycin concentrations in septic infants: a feasible way to close the knowledge gap. Adam, D; Burau, D; Derendorf, H; Genzel-Boroviczény, O; Kloft, C; Muench, HG; Schroepf, S; Zeitlinger, M, 2021)	0.88
" Hence, a larger microdialysis trial is warranted to further characterise the pharmacokinetics and variability of vancomycin at the target site and ultimately improve vancomycin dosing in these vulnerable patients."	( Microdialysis sampling to monitor target-site vancomycin concentrations in septic infants: a feasible way to close the knowledge gap. Adam, D; Burau, D; Derendorf, H; Genzel-Boroviczény, O; Kloft, C; Muench, HG; Schroepf, S; Zeitlinger, M, 2021)	1.09
" Until recently, trough-based dosing has been the recommended method but in recent years the reliability of this has been questioned."	( Vancomycin in adult prescribing: is it time to move on from trough-based dosing in the UK? Heard, F; Sehgal, A, 2021)	2.06
" Our objective was to evaluate population pharmacokinetics and optimize the dosing regimen of vancomycin in a pediatric population with ARC."	( Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Optimization of Vancomycin in Infants, Children, and Adolescents with Augmented Renal Clearance. He, CY; Liu, B; Song, L; van den Anker, J; Ye, PP; Zhao, W, 2021)	1.09
" Optimal treatment of these infections requires knowledge of neonatal pharmacology and integration of neonatal developmental pharmacokinetics (PKs) of antimicrobial drugs in the design of dosing regimens for use with different gestational and postnatal ages."	( Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antimicrobial Drugs in Neonates: An Opinion Article. Touw, DJ; van den Anker, JN, 2022)	0.72
" Antibiotic choice, dosage and duration were reviewed."	( Penicillin versus anti-staphylococcal beta-lactams for penicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus blood stream infections: a retrospective cohort study. Crawford, S; Cuenca, J; Ghosh, N; Newton, P; Reynolds, G, 2022)	0.72
"The monitoring of antimicrobial therapy through plasma levels makes it possible to determine the optimal dosage of antimicrobials, an essential approach in pediatrics."	( [Impact of the vancomycin and amikacin therapeutic monitoring in the optimization of antimicrobial dose in pediatric patients]. Chávez M, P; Delpiano M, L; Fernández H, A; Hernández M, R, 2021)	0.97
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of augmented renal clearance (ARC) on vancomycin clearance and provide dosage recommendations for paediatric patients with febrile neutropenia following HSCT."	( Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in paediatric patients with febrile neutropenia and augmented renal clearance: development of new dosing recommendations. Allen, U; Ito, S; Mizuno, T; Schechter, T; Shimamoto, Y; Verstegen, RHJ, 2021)	1.13
" Our simulations showed that current dosing recommendations result in poor target attainment."	( Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in paediatric patients with febrile neutropenia and augmented renal clearance: development of new dosing recommendations. Allen, U; Ito, S; Mizuno, T; Schechter, T; Shimamoto, Y; Verstegen, RHJ, 2021)	0.91
" We propose a vancomycin dosing strategy for children with febrile neutropenia following HSCT based on eGFR, age, weight and body temperature."	( Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in paediatric patients with febrile neutropenia and augmented renal clearance: development of new dosing recommendations. Allen, U; Ito, S; Mizuno, T; Schechter, T; Shimamoto, Y; Verstegen, RHJ, 2021)	1.27
" The initial vancomycin dosage regimen for children was 10 or 15 mg/kg for q12 h, q8 h or q6 h."	( Establishment and application of population pharmacokinetics model of vancomycin in infants with meningitis. Jiang, L; Li, D; Liu, Y; Niu, P; Shi, D; Xu, J; Zhu, Y, 2022)	1.32
" TCI has the potential to become a new infusion method for patient-tailored dosing in critically ill patients."	( Development of a new pharmacokinetic model for target-concentration controlled infusion of vancomycin in critically ill patients. Bang, JY; Choi, BM; Chong, YP; Hong, SK; Kang, HI; Lee, EK; Lee, HJ; Noh, GJ, 2022)	0.94
" To create a versatile infrastructure for MAP-Bayesian dosing of vancomycin or other drugs, a freely available, R-based software package, Advanced Dosing Solutions (AdDS), was created to facilitate clinical implementation of these improved TDM methods."	( Open-source maximum a posteriori-bayesian dosing AdDS to current therapeutic drug monitoring: Adapting to the era of individualized therapy. Chan, A; Chua, HC; D'Argenio, DZ; de Souza, H; Mergenhagen, KA; Nguyen, TD; Shah, AP; Smith, NM; Wilkinson, LA, 2021)	0.86
" However, it remains unknown whether the increased VIN risk in combination treatment with vancomycin and tazobactam/piperacillin, which is a VIN risk factor, can be diminished by AUC-guided vancomycin dosing (vancomycin-AUC)."	( Impact of Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve on the Prevalence of Vancomycin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Combination With Tazobactam/Piperacillin or Cefepime: A Single-Institution Retrospective Study. Aizawa, F; Azuma, M; Chuma, M; Goda, M; Hamano, H; Ishizawa, K; Izumi, Y; Nakamoto, A; Okada, N; Yagi, K; Zamami, Y, 2021)	1.08
" These results strongly suggest that VIN prevention may be difficult with AUC-guided vancomycin dosing in patients receiving VT."	( Impact of Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve on the Prevalence of Vancomycin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Combination With Tazobactam/Piperacillin or Cefepime: A Single-Institution Retrospective Study. Aizawa, F; Azuma, M; Chuma, M; Goda, M; Hamano, H; Ishizawa, K; Izumi, Y; Nakamoto, A; Okada, N; Yagi, K; Zamami, Y, 2021)	1.08
" We aimed to examine how body weight metrics influence vancomycin serum concentrations and to evaluate alternative dosing strategies."	( A Multicenter Retrospective Study of Vancomycin Dosing by Weight Measures in Children. Austin, JP; Azim, A; Foster, BA; Haag, MB; Khare, M; Kneese, G; Orsi, C; Perlman, J, 2021)	1.14
"The clinical applicability of CrCl for the initial dosing design of VCM in critically ill patients was shown."	( Clinical applicability of urinary creatinine clearance for determining the initial dose of vancomycin in critically ill patients. Hayakawa, M; Imai, S; Mikami, R; Sugawara, M; Takekuma, Y, 2022)	0.94
" However, there is no consensus guideline on the optimal dosing regimen and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) practices in this patient population."	( Variation in vancomycin dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring practices in neonatal intensive care units. Allegaert, K; Brüggemann, R; De Cock, P; Somers, A; Ter Heine, R; van der Veen, A; Vanhaesebrouck, S, 2022)	1.09
" The method can be applied in the routine analysis of vancomycin dosage form and is an important option for the current and sustainable pharmaceutical analysis."	( A New and Ecological Method to Quantify Vancomycin in Pharmaceutical Product by Infrared Spectrometry. Kogawa, AC; Nascimento, PAD; Salgado, HRN, 2021)	1.14
" Dose is driven by dwell time, whereas the cycler determines the dosing interval."	( Intraperitoneal pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in patients on automated peritoneal dialysis. Kraft, WK; Lam, E; Piraino, B; Stickle, DF; Ting Kayla Lien, Y; Zhang, J, 2022)	1
" aureus bacteraemia; directed antibiotic choice for MRSA; monitoring and dosing of vancomycin; the role of combination therapy when bacteraemia is persistent; and the duration of therapy and role of switching to oral antibiotics."	( How I manage a patient with MRSA bacteraemia. Davis, JS; Petersiel, N; Tong, SYC, 2022)	0.95
" The correct dosage of antibiotics is imperative to ensure their adequate exposure."	( Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antibiotics in Critically Ill Patients: Current Practice and Future Perspectives With a Focus on Clinical Outcome. Abdulla, A; de Winter, BCM; Endeman, H; Ewoldt, TMJ; Hunfeld, NGM; Koch, BCP; Muller, AE, 2022)	0.72
" When focusing on future possibilities to improve TDM of antibiotics in critically ill patients, implementation of model-informed precision dosing should be investigated because it can potentially streamline the TDM process."	( Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antibiotics in Critically Ill Patients: Current Practice and Future Perspectives With a Focus on Clinical Outcome. Abdulla, A; de Winter, BCM; Endeman, H; Ewoldt, TMJ; Hunfeld, NGM; Koch, BCP; Muller, AE, 2022)	0.72
" Recognizing and resolving erroneously low V trough levels could prevent needless adjustments in dosing that could increase risk for acute kidney injury."	( Falsely Undetectable Vancomycin Levels in a Pediatric Patient With Chronic Granulomatous Disease. Mendu, DR; Riollano Cruz, M; Tosi, MF, 2022)	1.04
"Vancomycin is the most widely used antibiotic for neonatal Gram-positive sepsis, but clinical outcome data of dosing strategies are scarce."	( Optimised versus standard dosing of vancomycin in infants with Gram-positive sepsis (NeoVanc): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 2b, non-inferiority trial. Alonso-Diaz, C; Baraldi, E; Clements, MN; Donà, D; Dotta, A; Heath, PT; Hill, LF; Ilmoja, ML; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Lutsar, I; Mahaveer, A; Metsvaht, T; Mitsiakos, G; Papaevangelou, V; Rawcliffe, L; Roilides, E; Sarafidis, K; Sharland, M; Turner, MA; Walker, AS, 2022)	2.44
" These results emphasise the importance of robust clinical safety assessments of novel antibiotic dosing regimens in infants."	( Optimised versus standard dosing of vancomycin in infants with Gram-positive sepsis (NeoVanc): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 2b, non-inferiority trial. Alonso-Diaz, C; Baraldi, E; Clements, MN; Donà, D; Dotta, A; Heath, PT; Hill, LF; Ilmoja, ML; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Lutsar, I; Mahaveer, A; Metsvaht, T; Mitsiakos, G; Papaevangelou, V; Rawcliffe, L; Roilides, E; Sarafidis, K; Sharland, M; Turner, MA; Walker, AS, 2022)	1
" The aim of this investigation was to determine the relationship between AUC and trough concentration and the influence of dosing regimen on goal achievement."	( The relationship of vancomycin 24-hour AUC and trough concentration. Davis, LE; Matthias, KR; Nix, DE, 2022)	1.04
"24-hour AUC is related to dosing interval divided by half-life in a nonlinear fashion."	( The relationship of vancomycin 24-hour AUC and trough concentration. Davis, LE; Matthias, KR; Nix, DE, 2022)	1.04
" Trough concentration may be used as a surrogate for AUC, although the acceptable target trough concentration will vary depending on dosing interval and elimination rate constant."	( The relationship of vancomycin 24-hour AUC and trough concentration. Davis, LE; Matthias, KR; Nix, DE, 2022)	1.04
" Two weeks of systemic vancomycin (SV) or/and intraoperative intra-wound VP of single dosage were applied after revision surgery."	( Intra-wound vancomycin powder for the eradication of periprosthetic joint infection after debridement and implant exchange: experimental study in a rat model. Chen, L; Tong, K; Wang, H; Wei, J; Wen, Y; Zhou, S, 2021)	1.31
"Individualization of vancomycin dosing based on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) data is known to improve patient outcomes compared with fixed or empirical dosing strategies."	( Optimal Practice for Vancomycin Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Position Statement From the Anti-infectives Committee of the International Association of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology. Alffenaar, JC; Baldelli, S; Cattaneo, D; Jones, G; Koch, BCP; Kocic, D; Marriott, DJE; Mathew, SK; Molinaro, M; Neely, M; Reuter, SE; Sandaradura, I; Stocker, SL, 2022)	1.36
"The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of AKI in patients receiving vancomycin dosed by AUC-based goal troughs and vancomycin dosed by traditional trough goals (15-20 mcg/mL) in the outpatient setting."	( Outpatient vancomycin therapy: Acute kidney injury in individualized AUC-based goal trough ranges versus traditional trough dosing. Bremmer, DN; Buchanan, C; Carr, DR; Rees, MR; Trienski, T; White, K, )	0.75
"There were 65 patients in the traditional trough dosing group and 53 patients in the AUC trough dosing group."	( Outpatient vancomycin therapy: Acute kidney injury in individualized AUC-based goal trough ranges versus traditional trough dosing. Bremmer, DN; Buchanan, C; Carr, DR; Rees, MR; Trienski, T; White, K, )	0.52
"There was a statistically significant lower incidence of AKI in patients receiving vancomycin dosed by individualized AUC-based trough ranges compared with that of patients receiving traditional trough dosing."	( Outpatient vancomycin therapy: Acute kidney injury in individualized AUC-based goal trough ranges versus traditional trough dosing. Bremmer, DN; Buchanan, C; Carr, DR; Rees, MR; Trienski, T; White, K, )	0.75
" The final selected model simulated patient concentrations using probability of target attainment (PTA) plots to investigate the probability of different dosing regimens achieving target therapeutic concentrations."	( Exploring population pharmacokinetic models in patients treated with vancomycin during continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). Coyle, M; D'Arcy, DM; Deasy, E; Donnelly, M; Judge, C; Kelly, YP; Kirwan, M; Lavin, PJ; Munshi, R; O'Keeffe, H, 2021)	0.86
" It is recommended that vancomycin trough levels at steady state following intermittent dosing regimen be maintained at 10-20 mg/L, which is largely dependent on the type of infection."	( Assessment of initial vancomycin trough levels and risk factors of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in neonates. Abu-Sa'da, O; Afzal, U; Dawoud, TH; Khan, N; Rahmani, A; Varghese, N, 2022)	1.34
"Vancomycin dosing in neonates according to the NeoFax did not provide sufficient attainment of target trough levels (10-20 mg/L)."	( Assessment of initial vancomycin trough levels and risk factors of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in neonates. Abu-Sa'da, O; Afzal, U; Dawoud, TH; Khan, N; Rahmani, A; Varghese, N, 2022)	2.48
" This dosing strategy resulted in vancomycin pre-dialysis concentrations of ≥ 13 mg/L and favorable clinical outcomes, particularly in patients with bacteremia and skin and soft tissue infections."	( Practical considerations for vancomycin dosing in hemodialysis patients: Perspectives from the nephrology stewardship pharmacist. Cha, R; El Nekidy, WS; Ghazi, IM, 2022)	1.29
" Administering a standard MD would simplify dosing and reduce the risk of errors."	( Practical considerations for vancomycin dosing in hemodialysis patients: Perspectives from the nephrology stewardship pharmacist. Cha, R; El Nekidy, WS; Ghazi, IM, 2022)	1.01
" Our objectives were to characterize the PK of vancomycin in PWID with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infections (BSI) and to assess the impact of these PK parameters on dosing regimens when compared to regimens generated by an online calculator."	( Assessment of an online calculator's vancomycin dosing and exposure appropriateness in persons who inject drugs with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections. Housman, EL; Housman, ST; Lorenzo, MP; Opitz, BJ, 2022)	1.25
" Demographic and clinical data along with vancomycin dosing and serum concentrations were collected."	( Assessment of an online calculator's vancomycin dosing and exposure appropriateness in persons who inject drugs with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections. Housman, EL; Housman, ST; Lorenzo, MP; Opitz, BJ, 2022)	1.26
" The online calculator empirically predicted 6 subtherapeutic and 42 appropriate AUC values with its recommended empiric dosing regimens."	( Assessment of an online calculator's vancomycin dosing and exposure appropriateness in persons who inject drugs with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections. Housman, EL; Housman, ST; Lorenzo, MP; Opitz, BJ, 2022)	0.99
"In PWID, empiric vancomycin dosing strategies suggested by an online calculator frequently resulted in lower-than-predicted vancomycin exposures."	( Assessment of an online calculator's vancomycin dosing and exposure appropriateness in persons who inject drugs with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections. Housman, EL; Housman, ST; Lorenzo, MP; Opitz, BJ, 2022)	1.33
"The updated vancomycin guideline and recent studies suggested that trough concentrations may result in underestimation of the actual area under the curve (AUC), leading to excessive dosing and nephrotoxicity."	( Vancomycin therapeutic monitoring by measured trough concentration versus Bayesian-derived area under the curve in critically ill patients with cancer. Abdelrahman, DH; AbuSara, AK; Al-Shaer, MH; Habash, KI; Le, J; Nazer, LH, 2022)	2.54
" Regarding anticoagulants, both warfarin and new oral anticoagulants have potential nephrotoxicity, and dosage should be reduced if renal pathology exam proves renal injury."	( Nephrotoxins and acute kidney injury - The consensus of the Taiwan acute kidney injury Task Force. Chen, CH; Chen, YC; Chen, YT; Huang, WC; Lai, TS; Lee, KH; Shao, SC; Su, CH; Sung, JM; Wang, MT, 2022)	0.72
" Substantial inter-individual variability may result in suboptimal serum levels despite similar dosing of vancomycin."	( Serum vancomycin levels predict the short-term adverse outcomes of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis. Geng, Y; Jin, L; Liang, C; Lu, W; Lv, J; Ma, Y; Wang, X; Xie, L, 2023)	1.6
" However, there is a lack of agreement on the optimal vancomycin dosing regimen and corresponding vancomycin exposure to correlate with efficacy and toxicity."	( Dosing of vancomycin and target attainment in neonates: a systematic review. Alffenaar, JW; Alrahahleh, D; Kim, HY; Luig, M; Xu, S, 2022)	1.37
"This review aimed to evaluate dosing of vancomycin in neonates, therapeutic target attainment and clinical toxicity and efficacy outcomes."	( Dosing of vancomycin and target attainment in neonates: a systematic review. Alffenaar, JW; Alrahahleh, D; Kim, HY; Luig, M; Xu, S, 2022)	1.39
" Studies that reported dosing regimens, drug concentrations, toxicity, and efficacy of vancomycin in neonates were eligible for inclusion."	( Dosing of vancomycin and target attainment in neonates: a systematic review. Alffenaar, JW; Alrahahleh, D; Kim, HY; Luig, M; Xu, S, 2022)	1.35
" The probability of target attainment was < 80% in all tested dosing algorithms."	( Dosing of vancomycin and target attainment in neonates: a systematic review. Alffenaar, JW; Alrahahleh, D; Kim, HY; Luig, M; Xu, S, 2022)	1.12
"This is a comprehensive overview of dosing strategies of vancomycin in neonates."	( Dosing of vancomycin and target attainment in neonates: a systematic review. Alffenaar, JW; Alrahahleh, D; Kim, HY; Luig, M; Xu, S, 2022)	1.37
"Among 963 acute-care hospitals, rate of CDI prevalence demonstrated a positive dose-response relationship with rate of CDI AU."	( Association between prevalence of laboratory-identified Benin, AL; Edwards, JR; Leaptrot, D; Li, Q; O'Leary, EN; Wu, H; Xu, K, 2022)	0.72
"The prevalence rate of LabID CDI had a significant dose-response association with first-line antibiotics for treating CDI."	( Association between prevalence of laboratory-identified Benin, AL; Edwards, JR; Leaptrot, D; Li, Q; O'Leary, EN; Wu, H; Xu, K, 2022)	0.72
" Limited literature is available evaluating vancomycin dosing in continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD)."	( Determinants of Vancomycin Trough Concentration in Patients Receiving Continuous Veno-Venous Hemodialysis. Hohlfelder, B; Quinn, NJ; Sacha, GL; Srinivas, P; Wanek, MR; Yerke, J, 2022)	1.33
"The goal of this analysis was to identify factors that affect vancomycin trough concentration in patients on CVVHD and to determine an appropriate dosing strategy."	( Determinants of Vancomycin Trough Concentration in Patients Receiving Continuous Veno-Venous Hemodialysis. Hohlfelder, B; Quinn, NJ; Sacha, GL; Srinivas, P; Wanek, MR; Yerke, J, 2022)	1.31
" In CVVHD patients, vancomycin dosed at 10 mg/kg every 24 hours may be an appropriate recommendation."	( Determinants of Vancomycin Trough Concentration in Patients Receiving Continuous Veno-Venous Hemodialysis. Hohlfelder, B; Quinn, NJ; Sacha, GL; Srinivas, P; Wanek, MR; Yerke, J, 2022)	1.39
"Currently, the use of actual body weight is recommended for dosing in vancomycin regimen designs, and it is important to perform therapeutic drug monitoring for efficacy and safety."	( Body Mass Index of Elderly Patients with Normal Renal Function as a Determining Factor for Initial Vancomycin Regimen Designing. Imoto, W; Kakeya, H; Kawaguchi, H; Kuwabara, G; Nakamura, Y; Sakurai, N; Shibata, W; Yamada, K, 2022)	1.17
" The primary outcome compared the time to defervescence after cefepime initiation between the two dosing strategies."	( Smaller but more frequent dosing of cefepime in the treatment of febrile neutropenia. Andrick, B; Leri, F; Okubo, L; Rampulla, R, 2022)	0.72
" Twelve patients received daptomycin, and dosing information was recovered for 10."	( Daptomycin susceptibility testing and therapeutic use in enterococcal bloodstream infection (EBSI) in a setting with high rates of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm). Dewar, S; Kelly, J; Tysall, L, 2022)	0.93
" We aimed to evaluate the predictive performance of these two methods when monitoring using troughs or peaks and troughs at varying single or mixed dosing intervals (DIs), and evaluate the significance of satisfying underlying assumptions of steady-state and model transferability."	( Pharmacokinetic equations versus Bayesian guided vancomycin monitoring: Pharmacokinetic model and model-informed precision dosing trial simulations. Aljutayli, A; Bonnefois, G; Nekka, F; Thirion, DJG, 2022)	0.98
" Clinicians should be aware of these challenges and should refine their dosing strategies based on individualized patient factors to reduce treatment failure."	( Antibiotic Optimization in the Intensive Care Unit. Lizza, BD; Micek, ST; Raush, N, 2022)	0.72
" The observed efficacy with either dosing regimen indicates potential low humanized doses of 1-5 mg/kg."	( Vancomycin-arginine (STM-001) abrogates ESBL carrier and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli burden in a murine complicated urinary tract infection model. Neville, LF; Rendell, JT; Shalit, I; Warn, PA, 2022)	2.16
"To design an updated vancomycin dosing protocol for initiating therapy in patients undergoing chronic intermittent high-flux hemodialysis (iHFHD) that is congruent with the revised 2020 consensus guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)."	( An updated vancomycin dosing protocol for initiating therapy in patients undergoing intermittent high-flux hemodialysis. Ariano, RE; Zelenitsky, SA, 2022)	1.43
"Monte Carlo simulation methods were used to study vancomycin dosing for patients on iHFHD."	( An updated vancomycin dosing protocol for initiating therapy in patients undergoing intermittent high-flux hemodialysis. Ariano, RE; Zelenitsky, SA, 2022)	1.36
"The proposed vancomycin dosing protocol (for intradialytic administration) specifies 3 regimens: (1) a 1,500-mg loading dose and 750-mg maintenance doses for patients weighing 50 kg to 69 kg; (2) a 2,000-mg loading dose and 1,000-mg maintenance doses for patients weighing 70 kg to 89 kg; and (3) a 2,500-mg loading dose and 1,250-mg maintenance doses for patients weighing 90 kg to 110 kg."	( An updated vancomycin dosing protocol for initiating therapy in patients undergoing intermittent high-flux hemodialysis. Ariano, RE; Zelenitsky, SA, 2022)	1.48
"Our proposed dosing protocol for patients undergoing iHFHD offers an updated and practical approach for initiating vancomycin therapy that can be optimized with early TDM."	( An updated vancomycin dosing protocol for initiating therapy in patients undergoing intermittent high-flux hemodialysis. Ariano, RE; Zelenitsky, SA, 2022)	1.32
"Vancomycin dosing should be accompanied by area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)-guided dosing using model-informed precision dosing software according to the latest guidelines."	( Optimized sampling to estimate vancomycin drug exposure: Comparison of pharmacometric and equation-based approaches in a simulation-estimation study. Uster, DW; Wicha, SG, 2022)	2.45
" Initial vancomycin dosing regimens are determined based on patient characteristics such as age, body weight, and renal function, and dosing strategies to achieve therapeutic concentration windows at initial TDM have been extensively studied."	( A machine learning model that emulates experts' decision making in vancomycin initial dose planning. Kato, Y; Matsuzaki, T; Mizoguchi, H; Yamada, K, 2022)	1.37
" Vancomycin therapy was analyzed based on dosing schemes (vancomycin dose and dosing interval), data about loading and maintenance doses, vancomycin concentration, and details about vancomycin concentration (sampling time and concentration level)."	( Experience of Vancomycin Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Two Multidisciplinary Hospitals in Latvia. Bandere, D; Darbiniece, K; Erts, R; Krūmiņa, A; Mauliņa, I; Miķelsone-Jansone, L, 2022)	1.99
"Model-informed precision dosing is an innovative approach used to guide bedside vancomycin dosing."	( Model-informed precision dosing of vancomycin via continuous infusion: a clinical fit-for-purpose evaluation of published PK models. De Cock, PA; Grootaert, V; Heus, A; In't Veld, DH; Somers, A; Uster, DW; Vermeulen, N; Wicha, SG, 2022)	1.23
" The MAA/MSA performed equally as well as the individual popPK models; therefore, both approaches could be used in clinical practice to guide dosing decisions."	( Model-informed precision dosing of vancomycin via continuous infusion: a clinical fit-for-purpose evaluation of published PK models. De Cock, PA; Grootaert, V; Heus, A; In't Veld, DH; Somers, A; Uster, DW; Vermeulen, N; Wicha, SG, 2022)	1
" Having an emergency surgery was a significant predictor of co-colonization in ACH patients, and we detected a dose-response association between duration of antibiotic therapy and co-colonization in ILTCF patients."	( Synergistic effects of length of stay and prior MDRO carriage on the colonization and co-colonization of methicillin-resistant Ang, B; Chow, A; Hon, PY; Htun, HL; Tan, R, 2023)	0.91
" Patients were dosed appropriately in 121/129 courses and TDM was performed correctly according to protocol in 51/93 courses."	( An Audit to Evaluate Vancomycin Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Alffenaar, JW; Alrahahleh, D; Kim, HY; Luig, M; Toufaili, H; Xu, S; Zhu, Z, 2022)	1.04
" However, antibiotic dosing and initial regimen modification were not followed in terms of the guideline recommendations in 58."	( Adherence to practice guidelines for the management of febrile neutropenia in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: An observational study in a referral center in Iran. Amini, S; Ekhtiari Kolour, SR; Hadjibabaie, M; Kargar, M; Mohammadi, M; Sadeghi, K; Shahrami, B; Taghvaye Masoumi, H; Vaezi, M, 2023)	0.91
"Evidence-based guideline recommendations for vancomycin dosing recently shifted from a trough-based strategy to an area under the curve (AUC) approach."	( Evaluation of pharmacist time dedicated to vancomycin dosing in adult patients using a 24-hour AUC nomogram or trough monitoring approach: A time motion study. Brunsman, A; Chung, D; Efta, J; Gabriel, J; Johnson, J; Kenney, R; Martz, C; Smith, Z; Stuart, M, 2022)	1.24
"A time and motion study was conducted to measure the time spent by clinical pharmacists dosing vancomycin using an AUC nomogram."	( Evaluation of pharmacist time dedicated to vancomycin dosing in adult patients using a 24-hour AUC nomogram or trough monitoring approach: A time motion study. Brunsman, A; Chung, D; Efta, J; Gabriel, J; Johnson, J; Kenney, R; Martz, C; Smith, Z; Stuart, M, 2022)	1.2
" The only factor independently associated with prolonged dosing time was follow-up dosing from a previous day."	( Evaluation of pharmacist time dedicated to vancomycin dosing in adult patients using a 24-hour AUC nomogram or trough monitoring approach: A time motion study. Brunsman, A; Chung, D; Efta, J; Gabriel, J; Johnson, J; Kenney, R; Martz, C; Smith, Z; Stuart, M, 2022)	0.98
"The study elucidated time requirements associated with an AUC nomogram-based vancomycin dosing approach."	( Evaluation of pharmacist time dedicated to vancomycin dosing in adult patients using a 24-hour AUC nomogram or trough monitoring approach: A time motion study. Brunsman, A; Chung, D; Efta, J; Gabriel, J; Johnson, J; Kenney, R; Martz, C; Smith, Z; Stuart, M, 2022)	1.21
" Sex, age, body weight, serum creatinine level, intravenous vancomycin dosing records, serum vancomycin concentrations etc."	( Multi-center prospective population pharmacokinetic study and the performance of web-based individual dose optimization application of intravenous vancomycin for adults in Hong Kong: A study protocol. Chen, J; Cheung, YT; Hui, KHM; Lam, TNT; Lui, CYG; Wu, KLA, 2022)	1.16
" However, there is still no consensus on the optimal initial dosing regimen."	( Predictive Performance of Pharmacokinetic Model-Based Virtual Trials of Vancomycin in Neonates: Mathematics Matches Clinical Observation. Hao, GX; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Tang, BH; van den Anker, J; Wu, YE; Yao, BF; Zhao, W, 2022)	0.95
"A total of 11 studies with 14 dosing groups were identified from the literature to evaluate dose-exposure relationships."	( Predictive Performance of Pharmacokinetic Model-Based Virtual Trials of Vancomycin in Neonates: Mathematics Matches Clinical Observation. Hao, GX; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Tang, BH; van den Anker, J; Wu, YE; Yao, BF; Zhao, W, 2022)	0.95
" These results might be used to assist the optimization of dosing regimens in neonatal practice, avoiding the need for trial and error."	( Predictive Performance of Pharmacokinetic Model-Based Virtual Trials of Vancomycin in Neonates: Mathematics Matches Clinical Observation. Hao, GX; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Tang, BH; van den Anker, J; Wu, YE; Yao, BF; Zhao, W, 2022)	0.95
" For aminoglycosides, we recommend extended interval dosing and initiating Seraph 100 at least 30 min to 1 h after completion of infusion to avoid the possibility of interference with maximum concentrations."	( Hemoperfusion with Seraph 100 Microbind Affinity Blood Filter Unlikely to Require Increased Antibiotic Dosing: A Simulations Study Using a Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Approach. Chung, KK; DeLuca, JP; Kress, AT; Reed, T; Selig, DJ; Stewart, IJ, 2023)	0.91
" The dosage of vancomycin (4 g/day) did not reach the effective blood concentration; therefore, there was a switch to daptomycin."	( Invasive pectoral abscess and costal osteomyelitis with bloodstream infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after nasal septoplasty in an immunocompetent adult patient. Hayashi, T; Katayama, M; Komori, K; Mori, N; Sugiura, T; Yamaguchi, T, 2022)	1.07
"Empiric antibiotic dosing frequently relies on an estimate of kidney function based on age, serum creatinine, sex, and race (on occasion)."	( Comparison of Race-Based and Non-Race-Based Equations for Kidney Function Estimation in Critically Ill Thai Patients for Vancomycin Dosing. Binyala, W; DeBacker, KC; Pai, MP; Pattharachayakul, S; Santimaleeworagun, W; Sitaruno, S; Vattanavanit, V, 2022)	0.93
" The various calculation methods resulted in different categorical classification, which could potentially lead to erroneous dosing adjustments in approximately half of the patients."	( Does calculation method matter for targeting vancomycin area under the curve? Chang, J; Claeys, KC; Heil, EL; Patel, D; Scheetz, MH; Vega, A, 2022)	0.98
"Appropriate dosage of vancomycin is critical for safety and efficacy in treating infectious diseases."	( External validation of vancomycin population pharmacokinetic models in ten cohorts of infected Chinese patients. Cui, Y; Ge, W; Jiang, M; Lao, H; Lin, Y; Liu, H; Long, E; Shi, T; Wang, Z; Zhao, J; Zhou, Y, 2022)	1.35
" Drug dosage is not routinely performed in Bamako."	( Antibiotic therapy for infectious hemodialysed patients in Bamako: Pharmacokinetic analyses and first improvement suggestions. Aulagner, G; Coulibaly, B; Fongoro, S; Gaillard, C; Guitton, J; Maire, P; Pelletier, S; Tangara, M, 2022)	0.72
" Therefore, the standard dosing approach for vancomycin in ACS patients may be ineffective."	( Suboptimal vancomycin levels in critically ill children with sickle cell disease and acute chest syndrome. Al-Eyadhy, A; Al-Jelaify, MR, 2022)	1.37
" Our review addresses the rising concern of inadequate dosing in patients with ARC by summarizing the currently available evidence."	( Drug Dosing in Critically Ill Adult Patients with Augmented Renal Clearance. Hefny, F; Kung, JY; Mahmoud, SH; Morris, C; Sambhi, S; Stuart, A, 2022)	0.72
"Most patients did not reach the therapeutic target with a vancomycin empirical dose regimen, and the implementation of area under the curve-based dosing using two sample measurements allowed for real-time dose adjustments based on individuals' pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Vancomycin area under the curve-guided monitoring in pediatric patients. Barbosa, LMG; Campioni, CC; Juodinis, VD; Morales Junior, R; Santos, ICPF; Santos, SRCJ; Souza, DC; Wirth, FGA, )	1.82
" However, the dosage is often reduced later during treatment, irrespective of renal function."	( Pharmacokinetic variability of vancomycin in patients with nosocomial meningitis. Furuya, E; Ito, D; Kobayashi, E; Okamoto, G; Sawai, M; Terada, K, 2022)	1.01
" In 13 patients who did not have their dosing interval shortened, the vancomycin dosage/serum vancomycin concentration/estimated glomerular filtration rate (D/C/eGFR) ratio significantly decreased in the later period."	( Pharmacokinetic variability of vancomycin in patients with nosocomial meningitis. Furuya, E; Ito, D; Kobayashi, E; Okamoto, G; Sawai, M; Terada, K, 2022)	1.24
" Therefore, the vancomycin dosage for the treatment of nosocomial bacterial meningitis must be adjusted according to changes in the clinical condition and renal function of the patient, necessitating careful therapeutic drug monitoring."	( Pharmacokinetic variability of vancomycin in patients with nosocomial meningitis. Furuya, E; Ito, D; Kobayashi, E; Okamoto, G; Sawai, M; Terada, K, 2022)	1.35
" Treatment was analyzed to determine the appropriateness of both indication for use and dosage regimen as co-primary endpoints."	( Evaluation of appropriate vancomycin prescribing for the prevention of newborn group B streptococcal infections in a community hospital obstetrics service. Assabahi, A; Driggers, R; Keeys, CA; Mader, A; Norris, P, 2022)	1.02
" The new dosage regimen was developed using Monte Carlo simulation."	( External Validation of a Vancomycin Population Pharmacokinetic Model and Developing a New Dosage Regimen in Neonates. Chen, Q; Lim, CP; Neoh, CCC; Poon, WB; Tseng, SH, 2022)	1.02
"Vancomycin dosing decisions are informed by factors such as body weight and renal function."	( Review and evaluation of vancomycin dosing guidelines for obese individuals. Jones, GR; Reuter, SE; Stocker, SL; Wong, S, 2022)	2.47
"Increased initial dosage and therapeutic drug monitoring-guided dose optimization are critical for the therapeutic efficacy of vancomycin in pediatric patients with febrile neutropenia, especially in those aged 1-6 years."	( Association of Vancomycin Trough Concentration and Clearance With Febrile Neutropenia in Pediatric Patients. Amano, E; Hashimoto, T; Hiramatsu, K; Itoh, H; Ono, H; Tanaka, R; Tatsuta, R, 2022)	1.28
" To define factors associated with guideline compliance and drug levels, and to investigate if antimicrobial dosing recommendations can be refined using routinely collected electronic healthcare record data."	( Assessment of an institutional guideline for vancomycin dosing and identification of predictive factors associated with dose and drug trough levels. Drennan, P; Eyre, DW; Gu, Q; Jones, N; Peto, TE; Walker, AS, 2022)	0.98
"We used data from Oxford University Hospitals between 01-January-2016 and 01-June-2021 and multivariable regression models to investigate factors associated with dosing compliance, drug levels and acute kidney injury (AKI)."	( Assessment of an institutional guideline for vancomycin dosing and identification of predictive factors associated with dose and drug trough levels. Drennan, P; Eyre, DW; Gu, Q; Jones, N; Peto, TE; Walker, AS, 2022)	0.98
" This meta-analysis compares vancomycin-induced AKI incidence using AUC-guided dosing strategies versus trough-based monitoring."	( Vancomycin area under the curve versus trough only guided dosing and the risk of acute kidney injury: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Abdelmessih, E; Adams, C; Brunetti, L; Crovetto, B; Patel, N; SanFilippo, S; Vekaria, J, 2022)	2.46
" Our objective was to review risk factors for AKI and dosage of antibiotics."	( Nephrotoxicity Related to Antibiotic-Loaded Spacers in a 2-Stage Revision for Periprosthetic Joint Infection. Benito, J; Corces, A; Higuera, CA; Judd, H; Pannu, TS; Villa, JM, 2023)	0.91
"Free online adaptive vancomycin dosing calculators are available to estimate area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), but the accuracy of predicting vancomycin AUC using these calculators compared with using a 2-point pharmacokinetic approach has not been described."	( Accuracy of 4 Free Online Dosing Calculators in Predicting the Vancomycin Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve Calculated Using a 2-Point Pharmacokinetic Approach. Belz, SN; Darko, W; Kufel, WD; Miller, CD; Probst, LA; Seabury, RW; Steele, JM, 2023)	1.47
"Vancomycin AUC was estimated using (1) the reference method via the Sawchuk-Zaske method and linear-logarithmic trapezoidal rule using 2 steady-state postdistributional vancomycin serum concentrations and (2) 4 free online vancomycin dosing calculators including ClinCalc, VancoPK, TDMx, and DMC."	( Accuracy of 4 Free Online Dosing Calculators in Predicting the Vancomycin Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve Calculated Using a 2-Point Pharmacokinetic Approach. Belz, SN; Darko, W; Kufel, WD; Miller, CD; Probst, LA; Seabury, RW; Steele, JM, 2023)	2.59
" This retrospective study aims to evaluate the frequency of hospitalized children who achieved target VTLs with a vancomycin (VNCO) dosing regimen of 40-60 mg/kg/d q6h and to assess the VNCO-TDD required to attain the target and their effects on clinical outcomes in pediatric patients."	( Practical approaches to improve vancomycin-related patient outcomes in pediatrics- an alternative strategy when AUC/MIC is not feasible. Ambreen, G; Hussain, K; Ikram, R; Khan, M; Khan, WA; Naz, F; Rathi, M; Rauf, S; Salat, MS, 2022)	1.22
" Dosing regimens were independently selected by intensivists."	( Clearance of Piperacillin-Tazobactam and Vancomycin During Continuous Renal Replacement With Regional Citrate Anticoagulation. Ankravs, MJ; Bellomo, R; Deane, AM; Rechnitzer, T; Roberts, JA; Sharrock, L; Wallis, SC, 2023)	1.18
" Dosage regimens simulated the human PK of DAL (1500 mg, single dose), vancomycin (VAN) (1000 mg/12 h) and linezolid (LZD) (600 mg/12 h), alone and with RIF (600 mg/24 h)."	( Comparative efficacy of dalbavancin alone and with rifampicin against in vitro biofilms in a pharmacodynamic model with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Benavent, E; El Haj, C; Gomez-Junyent, J; Murillo, O; Rigo-Bonnin, R; Rosselló, I; Sierra, Y; Soldevila, L; Torrejón, B, 2022)	0.95
"The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)-guided dosing of vancomycin has been introduced in Japan; however, the optimal dosing method remains controversial."	( Development and Evaluation of a Novel Software Program, SAKURA-TDM, for Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve-Guided Vancomycin Dosing: A Short Communication. Asaoka, M; Horita, Y; Hotta, Y; Iida, M; Kataoka, T; Kato, H; Kimura, K; Mimura, Y; Mitamura, K; Nakamura, A; Ohashi, K; Wachino, C, 2023)	1.35
"Currently, antibiotic treatment is often a standard dosing regimen in bone and joint infections (BJI)."	( The mysteries of target site concentrations of antibiotics in bone and joint infections: what is known? A narrative review. Abdulla, A; Bos, K; de Winter, BCM; Koch, BCP; Muller, AE; Oosterhoff, M; van Oldenrijk, J; Zhao, Q, 2022)	0.72
" Ciprofloxacin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, vancomycin and linezolid seem to have adequate average exposure if correlating total concentration to ECOFF, when standard dosing is used."	( The mysteries of target site concentrations of antibiotics in bone and joint infections: what is known? A narrative review. Abdulla, A; Bos, K; de Winter, BCM; Koch, BCP; Muller, AE; Oosterhoff, M; van Oldenrijk, J; Zhao, Q, 2022)	0.99
" A viability dose-response curve to increasing concentrations of TMPyP was determined by culture plating."	( Photo-oxidative stress response and virulence traits are co-regulated in E. faecalis after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Belibasakis, GN; Brundin, M; Durual, S; Fang, H; Hellesen, C; Khawaji, A; Manoil, D; Özenci, V; Parga, A, 2022)	0.72
"Recent vancomycin dosing and monitoring guidelines recommend monitoring vancomycin area under the 24-hour time-concentration curve instead of traditional trough-only monitoring."	( Trough-guided Versus AUC/MIC-Guided Vancomycin Monitoring: A Cost Analysis. Barbosa, LMG; D'Amaro Juodinis, V; de Lima, BD; Leite, FS; Morales Junior, R; Santos, ICPF; Tiguman, GMB; Vercelino, JG, 2022)	1.45
" Therefore, conventional or standard dosing regimens do not achieve satisfactory anti-infective effects."	( A UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of eight special-grade antimicrobials in human plasma and application in TDM. Liu, G; Qi, Y, 2022)	0.72
" Among continuous administration users, 157 (97%) applied a loading dose of 15 mg/kg or less (n = 80, 49%), 20-25 mg/kg (n = 33, 20%), or 30 mg/kg or more (n = 45, 28%); 143 (88%) used a maintenance dosage of 30 mg/kg/day and 157 (97%) carried out drug monitoring."	( The intravenous vancomycin prescription practices of French infectious disease specialists: A cross-sectional observational study. de Lastours, V; Galy, A; Lefort, A; Lemaitre, M; Tattevin, P; Thill, P, 2022)	1.07
"Univariable regressions demonstrated that enrollment in QI programs and PI irrigation were significantly associated, and topical vancomycin, multilayered closure, and correct intraoperative dosing of antibiotics trended toward association with reduction of SSI."	( Strategies reducing risk of surgical-site infection following pediatric spinal deformity surgery. Barrett, KK; Bonsignore-Opp, L; Flynn, JM; Glotzbecker, MP; Hammoor, BT; Lenke, LG; Matsumoto, H; Roye, BD; Roye, DP; Skaggs, DL; Striano, BM; Troy, MJ; Vitale, MG; Warren, SI, 2023)	1.12
" However, their translation into clinical practice is limited, partly because of poor usability and integration into workflow, which can be attributed to the limited involvement of health care professionals in the development and implementation of drug dosing software."	( Application of User-Centered Codesign Principles to Address Barriers in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Davis, A; Gwilt, I; Khoo, R; Reuter, SE; Selby, PR; Stocker, SL; Ward, MB; Wong, S, 2023)	0.91
" User journey storyboards, user personas, and prototyping tools were used to explore existing barriers to practice and opportunities for innovation through drug dosing software design."	( Application of User-Centered Codesign Principles to Address Barriers in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Davis, A; Gwilt, I; Khoo, R; Reuter, SE; Selby, PR; Stocker, SL; Ward, MB; Wong, S, 2023)	0.91
" Participants identified a lack of confidence in vancomycin dosing and pharmacokinetic understanding and difficulty in accessing practice guidelines as key barriers that could be addressed through software implementation."	( Application of User-Centered Codesign Principles to Address Barriers in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Davis, A; Gwilt, I; Khoo, R; Reuter, SE; Selby, PR; Stocker, SL; Ward, MB; Wong, S, 2023)	1.16
"The perspectives of health care professionals highlight the need for drug dosing software to be user centered and adaptable to the needs and workflow of end users."	( Application of User-Centered Codesign Principles to Address Barriers in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Davis, A; Gwilt, I; Khoo, R; Reuter, SE; Selby, PR; Stocker, SL; Ward, MB; Wong, S, 2023)	0.91
"The vancomycin dosing range for safe and effective treatment remains uncertain for children who had corrective surgery for a congenital heart disease (CHD)."	( Vancomycin dosing required to achieve a therapeutic level in children post-surgical correction of congenital heart disease. Alahmed, YS; Alakeel, YS; Alanazi, GA; Alawbathani, BS; Alshutwi, KI, 2022)	2.72
" This review focuses on studies pertaining to activating AUC-guided dosing of vancomycin in clinical settings."	( [Development of Novel Dosing Strategy According to the Area under the Concentration-Time Curve for Vancomycin]. Oda, K, 2022)	1.17
" Achievement of goal trough after implementing the vancomycin dosing regimen was based on the Practical Neonatology Medical Manual, published by the National Taiwan University College of Medicine."	( Reappraisal of therapeutic vancomycin trough concentrations with empirical dosing in neonatal infections. Hsieh, WS; Hung, YL; Kao, CL; Lee, TY; Shen, CM, 2023)	1.46
" The vancomycin regimen needs further validation and modification to provide adequate dosing for optimal use in neonates."	( Reappraisal of therapeutic vancomycin trough concentrations with empirical dosing in neonatal infections. Hsieh, WS; Hung, YL; Kao, CL; Lee, TY; Shen, CM, 2023)	1.72
"Intraperitoneal (IP) vancomycin is often first-line empiric therapy for peritoneal dialysis (PD) peritonitis; however, whether dosing should be adjusted for patient-specific characteristics remains unclear."	( Predictors of serum vancomycin levels in peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis. Biyani, M; Brown, P; Canney, M; Deacon, E; McCormick, B; Zimmerman, D, 2023)	1.55
" GFR and weight-based dosing were independently associated with day 3 vancomycin level, and their consideration could improve the likelihood of achieving an early therapeutic level."	( Predictors of serum vancomycin levels in peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis. Biyani, M; Brown, P; Canney, M; Deacon, E; McCormick, B; Zimmerman, D, 2023)	1.47
" A subgroup analysis to identify the appropriate dosage of gentamicin was also performed."	( AUA-recommended Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Primary Penile Implantation Results in a Higher, Not Lower, Risk for Postoperative Infection: A Multicenter Analysis. Alkhayal, A; Alrabeeah, KA; Andrianne, R; Barham, DW; Burnett, AL; Gross, K; Gross, MS; Hammad, M; Hatzichristodoulou, G; Hotaling, JM; Hsieh, TC; Jones, A; Jones, JM; Lentz, A; Levy, J; Miller, J; Modgil, V; Osmonov, D; Park, SH; Pearce, I; Perito, P; Pyrgidis, N; Sadeghi-Nejad, H; Sempels, M; Simhan, J; Suarez-Sarmiento, A; Swerdloff, D; van Renterghem, K; Warner, JN; Yafi, FA; Ziegelmann, M, 2023)	0.91
"The most recent consensus guidelines for dosing and monitoring vancomycin recommended the use of area-under-the-curve with Bayesian estimation for therapeutic monitoring."	( Bayesian method application: Integrating mathematical modeling into clinical pharmacy through vancomycin therapeutic monitoring. Chen, A; Do, DH; Gupta, A; Nazer, LH, 2022)	1.18
"Infants and neonates present a clinical challenge for dosing drugs with high interindividual variability due to these patients' rapid growth and the interplay between maturation and organ function."	( Evaluation of Neonatal and Paediatric Vancomycin Pharmacokinetic Models and the Impact of Maturation and Serum Creatinine Covariates in a Large Multicentre Data Set. Faldasz, JD; Frymoyer, A; Hughes, JH; Keizer, RJ; Tong, DMH, 2023)	1.18
"The measurement of serum vancomycin levels at the clinic is critical to optimizing dosing given the narrow therapeutic window of this antibiotic."	( Optimization of Vancomycin Aptamer Sequence Length Increases the Sensitivity of Electrochemical, Aptamer-Based Sensors In Vivo. Aller Pellitero, M; Arroyo-Currás, N; Carr, GV; Johnston, ML; Mahlum, JD; Scida, K; Shaver, A; Wu, Y, 2022)	1.37
" Precision dosing software programs may be used to improve probability of obtaining these target exposures."	( Accuracy of a precision dosing software program for predicting antibiotic concentrations in critically ill patients. Chai, MG; Cotta, MO; Farkas, A; Roberts, JA, 2023)	0.91
"To quantify the accuracy of a precision dosing software program for predicting antibiotic concentrations as well as to assess the impact of using software predictions on actual dosing adjustments."	( Accuracy of a precision dosing software program for predicting antibiotic concentrations in critically ill patients. Chai, MG; Cotta, MO; Farkas, A; Roberts, JA, 2023)	0.91
" The impact of these predictions on actual dosage adjustments was determined by using software predicted concentrations versus measured concentrations."	( Accuracy of a precision dosing software program for predicting antibiotic concentrations in critically ill patients. Chai, MG; Cotta, MO; Farkas, A; Roberts, JA, 2023)	0.91
" Dosing changes using predicted concentrations of piperacillin and meropenem with TDM data versus measured concentrations were matched on 89."	( Accuracy of a precision dosing software program for predicting antibiotic concentrations in critically ill patients. Chai, MG; Cotta, MO; Farkas, A; Roberts, JA, 2023)	0.91
"These data demonstrate that precision dosing software programs may have scope to reasonably predict antibiotic concentrations in critically ill patients with sepsis."	( Accuracy of a precision dosing software program for predicting antibiotic concentrations in critically ill patients. Chai, MG; Cotta, MO; Farkas, A; Roberts, JA, 2023)	0.91
"This study aims to assess the risk factors for insufficient vancomycin concentrations for its prophylactic use in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and to modify the dosing regimen to achieve appropriate plasma concentrations."	( Modification of Vancomycin Dosing in Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Chen, C; Dai, Y; Shi, DW; Wang, J; Wang, L; Wang, YZ; Yu, XB; Zhang, CH; Zhang, XS; Zheng, LP; Zhou, ZY, 2023)	1.5
" These data could serve as the foundation for implementation of model-informed precision dosing to reduce AKI incidence in patients given piperacillin/tazobactam."	( Relationship between piperacillin concentrations, clinical factors and piperacillin/tazobactam-associated acute kidney injury. Caldwell, JT; Dong, S; Fei, L; Goldstein, SL; Hasson, D; Kaplan, J; Slagle, C; Tang Girdwood, S; Tang, P; Vinks, AA, 2023)	0.91
" Consensus on its ideal dosing in neonates has not been achieved."	( Evaluation of vancomycin individualized model-based dosing approach in neonates. Abouelkheir, M; Almohaizeie, A; Almuhisen, S; Almutairi, A; Alqahtani, S; Alsultan, A, 2023)	1.27
"These innovative personalized dosing calculators are promising to improve vancomycin initial dosing in neonates and are easily applicable in routine practices."	( Evaluation of vancomycin individualized model-based dosing approach in neonates. Abouelkheir, M; Almohaizeie, A; Almuhisen, S; Almutairi, A; Alqahtani, S; Alsultan, A, 2023)	1.5
" However, a detailed investigation of the pharmacokinetic profile and optimal dosing regimens of vancomycin in pediatric patients with SSTI and BJI is lacking."	( Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosage Optimization of Vancomycin in Pediatric Patients with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections, Bone, and Joint Infections. Lv, M; Sun, K; Wang, L; Yang, P; Zhang, S; Zhao, L, 2023)	1.38
" This study employed our translational rat model to investigate temporal changes in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and correlations with kidney injury biomarkers related to various vancomycin dosing strategies."	( Impact of Vancomycin Loading Doses and Dose Escalation on Glomerular Function and Kidney Injury Biomarkers in a Translational Rat Model. Chang, J; Engel, PL; Klimek, P; Marianski, S; Pais, GM; Scheetz, MH; Valdez, K, 2023)	1.5
"To develop a dosing and monitoring protocol to achieve therapeutic vancomycin levels on intermittent haemodialysis."	( Vancomycin use for haemodialysis patients-Development of a new dosing protocol. Bondesio, K; Gleeson, S; Ho, E; Roberts, S; Salmon, A, 2023)	2.59
"Empiric vancomycin dosing regimens fail to achieve recommended target trough concentrations of 10-20 mg/L in the majority of infants."	( Individualized vancomycin dosing in infants: prospective evaluation of an online dose calculator. Bolisetty, S; Chiletti, R; Cranswick, N; Curtis, N; Duffull, S; Gardiner, K; Gwee, A; Hunt, R; Lai, T; Malhotra, A; McMullan, B; Mehta, B; Michalowski, J; Popat, H; Ward, M; Wilkins, AL; Zhu, X, 2023)	1.7
"Data on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and area under the curve (AUC)-based dosing strategy of vancomycin (VCM) in hematologic malignancies are limited."	( Population pharmacokinetic model and dosing optimization of vancomycin in hematologic malignancies with neutropenia and augmented renal clearance. Akashi, K; Belabbas, T; Egashira, N; Hirota, T; Ieiri, I; Kato, K; Mori, Y; Suetsugu, K; Yamada, T, 2023)	1.37
" Thus, individualized dosing adjustment and therapeutic drug monitoring are strongly recommended."	( Population pharmacokinetic model and dosing optimization of vancomycin in hematologic malignancies with neutropenia and augmented renal clearance. Akashi, K; Belabbas, T; Egashira, N; Hirota, T; Ieiri, I; Kato, K; Mori, Y; Suetsugu, K; Yamada, T, 2023)	1.15
"Few studies have been conducted to quantify the exposure target of vancomycin in intensive care unit (ICU) patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and provide optimized dosage regimens."	( Determination of vancomycin exposure target and individualized dosing recommendations for critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy. Chen, J; Chen, L; Dong, Y; Li, S; Wang, C; Wang, T; Yang, B; Zhang, Y, 2023)	1.49
" Dosing recommendations were designed using Monte Carlo Simulations (MCS) based on the optimized exposure target."	( Determination of vancomycin exposure target and individualized dosing recommendations for critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy. Chen, J; Chen, L; Dong, Y; Li, S; Wang, C; Wang, T; Yang, B; Zhang, Y, 2023)	1.25
"5 mg/kg q12h is recommended as the initial dosage regimens for ICU patients undergoing CRRT."	( Determination of vancomycin exposure target and individualized dosing recommendations for critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy. Chen, J; Chen, L; Dong, Y; Li, S; Wang, C; Wang, T; Yang, B; Zhang, Y, 2023)	1.25
"Vancomycin dosing remains challenging in patients receiving intermittent hemodialysis, especially in developing countries, where access to therapeutic drug monitoring and model-based dose adjustment services is limited."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis in a Malian and a French Center and Simulation of the Optimal Loading Dose. Aulagner, G; Coulibaly, B; Goutelle, S; Guitton, J; Maire, P; Pelletier, S; Tangara, M, 2023)	2.64
" Dosing simulation suggested that loading doses of 1500, 2000, and 2500 mg would be required to minimize underexposure in patients aged 30, 50, and 70 years, respectively."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis in a Malian and a French Center and Simulation of the Optimal Loading Dose. Aulagner, G; Coulibaly, B; Goutelle, S; Guitton, J; Maire, P; Pelletier, S; Tangara, M, 2023)	1.2
" However, the proposed dosing algorithm requires further clinical evaluation."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis in a Malian and a French Center and Simulation of the Optimal Loading Dose. Aulagner, G; Coulibaly, B; Goutelle, S; Guitton, J; Maire, P; Pelletier, S; Tangara, M, 2023)	1.2
" He was diagnosed with meningitis and the dosage of vancomycin was increased."	( Nosocomial meningitis caused by Staphylococcus haemolyticus in a child with neutropenia in the absence of intracranial devices: a case report. Fujikawa, T; Hasegawa, D; Kasai, M; Kosaka, Y; Mizuno, S; Uemura, S, 2023)	1.16
"This study aims to investigate prescribing and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) practices for vancomycin in paediatrics at the Jordan University Hospital and to determine the impact of inaccuracies in TDM data on dosing decisions."	( Vancomycin audit in the paediatric population: Patterns of use and appropriateness of therapeutic drug monitoring. Abdel Jalil, M; Abu Hammour, K; Al-Iede, M; Alsous, M; Khaled, F; Qaryouti, F, 2023)	2.57
" This article describes the selection, planning, and implementation of vancomycin model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) software with Bayesian estimation in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) within an academic health system."	( Considerations for implementation of vancomycin Bayesian software monitoring in a level IV NICU population within a multisite health system. Boeser, KD; Carlson, MK; Hansen, LA; Oliver, MB, 2023)	1.42
" Neonatal-specific considerations when implementing MIPD software include: the selection of appropriate pharmacokinetic model(s), continued evaluation of such model(s), selection of appropriate model(s) in infants as they age, input of significant covariates, determination of the site-specific serum creatinine assay, decision of the number of vancomycin serum concentrations obtained, discernment of patients excluded from AUC monitoring, and the utilization of actual versus dosing weight."	( Considerations for implementation of vancomycin Bayesian software monitoring in a level IV NICU population within a multisite health system. Boeser, KD; Carlson, MK; Hansen, LA; Oliver, MB, 2023)	1.35
" Therefore, clinical dosing decisions must be made with the utmost care; such decisions are said to be "suitable" only when both "efficacy" and "safety" are considered."	( Prediction of vancomycin initial dosage using artificial intelligence models applying ensemble strategy. Chen, YJ; Ho, WH; Huang, TH; Liao, FF; Liou, YC; Zeng, LY, 2023)	1.27
"There are apparent differences in vancomycin CL in overweight and obese adults versus overweight and obese adolescents, implying that dosing of vancomycin cannot be directly extrapolated between these populations."	( Vancomycin Clearance in Obese Adults is not Predictive of Clearance in Obese Adolescents. Knibbe, CAJ; Krekels, EHJ; Sherwin, CMT; Smit, C; Zhang, T, 2023)	2.63
" This study aimed to explore the efficacy and dosage of local use of vancomycin powder (VP) in preventing surgical site infections after spinal implant surgery in a rat model."	( Intra-wound versus systemic vancomycin for preventing surgical site infection induced by methicillin-resistant S. aureus after spinal implant surgery in a rat model. Gu, H; Tong, K; Wei, J, 2023)	1.44
"Vancomycin (VAN) has a narrow therapeutic window and variable pharmacokinetic properties, which require timely monitoring of plasma concentration to adjust the dosage for better effectiveness."	( Fluorescent immunochromatography of vancomycin in plasma: A rapid and sensitive quantitative analysis. Deng, K; Gu, H; He, Y; Jin, Y; Li, Z; Lin, N; Shen, M; Yuan, Y, 2023)	2.63
" Analytical and nonanalytical factors potentially influence dosing recommendations."	( Analytical and Non-Analytical Variation May Lead to Inappropriate Antimicrobial Dosing in Neonates: An In Silico Study. Bolisetty, S; Campbell, C; Horvath, AR; Kirubakaran, R; McMullan, B; Nguyen, TA; Reuter, SE; Schultz, HB; Stocker, SL; Wong, S, 2023)	0.91
" Guideline-informed dosing recommendations based on drug concentrations were applied to compare the impact of analytical variation and nonanalytical factors on antimicrobial dosing."	( Analytical and Non-Analytical Variation May Lead to Inappropriate Antimicrobial Dosing in Neonates: An In Silico Study. Bolisetty, S; Campbell, C; Horvath, AR; Kirubakaran, R; McMullan, B; Nguyen, TA; Reuter, SE; Schultz, HB; Stocker, SL; Wong, S, 2023)	0.91
"Although analytical variation can influence neonatal antimicrobial dosing recommendations, nonanalytical factors are more influential."	( Analytical and Non-Analytical Variation May Lead to Inappropriate Antimicrobial Dosing in Neonates: An In Silico Study. Bolisetty, S; Campbell, C; Horvath, AR; Kirubakaran, R; McMullan, B; Nguyen, TA; Reuter, SE; Schultz, HB; Stocker, SL; Wong, S, 2023)	0.91
"As one of the efficient techniques for TDM, the population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model approach for dose individualization has been developed due to the rapidly growing innovative progress in computer technology and has recently been considered as a part of model-informed precision dosing (MIPD)."	( Bayesian prediction-based individualized dosing of anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus treatment: Recent advancements and prospects in therapeutic drug monitoring. Jono, H; Oda, K; Saito, H, 2023)	0.91
"Identifying barriers to compliance with vancomycin dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring guidelines (TDM) and possible ways to enhance compliance based on the healthcare providers' (HCPs) perspective."	( Vancomycin prescribing and therapeutic drug monitoring: Challenges of real clinical practice. Abdel Jalil, MH; Abu Hammour, K; Al-Iede, M; Hasan Matalqah, M; Khaled Abu-Mahfouz, F; Khaled AlOmoush, S; Saleh Khaleel Albadaineh, J; Ηijazeen, R, 2023)	2.62
"This study aimed to compare the achievement of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) exposure targets for vancomycin using a newly developed dosing guideline with product-information-based dosing in the treatment of adult patients with serious infections."	( In silico Evaluation of a Vancomycin Dosing Guideline Among Adults with Serious Infections. Abdul-Aziz, MH; Cotta, MO; Farkas, A; Roberts, JA; Wilks, K; Williams, P, 2023)	1.42
"In silico product-information- and guideline-based dosing simulations for vancomycin were performed across a range of doses and patient characteristics, including body weight, age, and renal function at 36-48 and 96 hours, using a pharmacokinetic model derived from a seriously ill patient population."	( In silico Evaluation of a Vancomycin Dosing Guideline Among Adults with Serious Infections. Abdul-Aziz, MH; Cotta, MO; Farkas, A; Roberts, JA; Wilks, K; Williams, P, 2023)	1.44
"Ninety-six dosing simulations were performed."	( In silico Evaluation of a Vancomycin Dosing Guideline Among Adults with Serious Infections. Abdul-Aziz, MH; Cotta, MO; Farkas, A; Roberts, JA; Wilks, K; Williams, P, 2023)	1.21
"A Critical care vancomycin dosing guideline appeared slightly more effective than standard dosing, as per product information, in achieving PK-PD exposure associated with an increased likelihood of effectiveness."	( In silico Evaluation of a Vancomycin Dosing Guideline Among Adults with Serious Infections. Abdul-Aziz, MH; Cotta, MO; Farkas, A; Roberts, JA; Wilks, K; Williams, P, 2023)	1.56
" This model enables model-informed drug development and can be used for future microbiome therapies to inform decision making around antibiotic pretreatment, dose selection, loading dose, and dosing duration."	( A Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Model Describing the Cellular Kinetic-Pharmacodynamic Relationship for a Live Biotherapeutic Product to Support Microbiome Drug Development. Flusberg, DA; Makaryan, S; Maxwell, JR; Prokopienko, AJ; Renardy, M; Selimkhanov, J; Subramanian, K; Vakilynejad, M; Wille, L, 2023)	0.91
" AUC-centered dosing approaches warrant further investigation as strategies to improve vancomycin safety in OPAT programs."	( Patient safety outcomes for continuous infusion vancomycin as outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy. Benefield, RJ; Certain, LK; McDonald, J; Newman, M; Tritle, B, 2023)	1.39
"This study aimed to evaluate the clinical benefits of a vancomycin dosage strategy based on a serum trough concentration model in elderly patients."	( Clinical Evaluation of a Vancomycin Dosage Strategy Based on a Serum Trough Concentration Model in Elderly Patients with Severe Pneumonia. Sun, XY; Wang, M; Yan, W; Zhao, FF; Zhou, QT, 2023)	1.46
" Meanwhile, the study group received individualized vancomycin therapy with a dosing strategy based on a serum trough concentration model."	( Clinical Evaluation of a Vancomycin Dosage Strategy Based on a Serum Trough Concentration Model in Elderly Patients with Severe Pneumonia. Sun, XY; Wang, M; Yan, W; Zhao, FF; Zhou, QT, 2023)	1.46
"A vancomycin dosage strategy based on a serum trough concentration model can improve the proportion of patients achieving target trough concentrations in elderly patients with severe pneumonia."	( Clinical Evaluation of a Vancomycin Dosage Strategy Based on a Serum Trough Concentration Model in Elderly Patients with Severe Pneumonia. Sun, XY; Wang, M; Yan, W; Zhao, FF; Zhou, QT, 2023)	1.93
" These recent clinical and population pharmacokinetics studies help improve management protocols with optimized initial dosing and infusion rules for β-lactams, vancomycin, daptomycin and amikacin; they highlight the potential benefits of therapeutic drug monitoring."	( Advances in antibacterial treatment of adults with high-risk febrile neutropenia. Bouscary, D; Canouï, E; Charlier, C; Contejean, A; Fantin, B; Garcia-Vidal, C; Kernéis, S; Maillard, A; Parize, P, 2023)	1.11
" Wearable monitoring of vancomycin could improve patient care by allowing targeted drug dosing within its narrow clinical window of safety and efficacy."	( Microneedle electrochemical aptamer-based sensing: Real-time small molecule measurements using sensor-embedded, commercially-available stainless steel microneedles. Bennett, H; Bolotsky, A; Downs, AM; Miller, PR; Polsky, R; Weaver, BM; Wolff, N, 2023)	1.22
" The results reveal that optimization of vancomycin dosage during CRRT therapy is needed."	( Pursuing the Real Vancomycin Clearance during Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Intensive Care Unit Patients: Is There Adequate Target Attainment? de Geus, HRH; Endeman, H; Hunfeld, NGM; Koch, BCP; Rietdijk, WJR; Rietveld, A; Smeets, TJL, 2023)	1.51
"In recent years, numerous dosing studies have been conducted to optimize therapeutic antibiotic exposures in patients with serious infections."	( International survey of antibiotic dosing and monitoring in adult intensive care units. Cotta, MO; Elhadi, M; Farkas, A; Imani, S; Kanji, S; Luque-Pardos, S; Roberts, JA; Sanches, C; Sandaradura, I; Scheetz, MH; Schellack, N; Tabah, A; Timsit, JF; Wilks, K; Williams, PG; Xie, J, 2023)	0.91
" Respondents rarely used dosing software to guide therapy in clinical practice and was most frequently used with vancomycin (11%)."	( International survey of antibiotic dosing and monitoring in adult intensive care units. Cotta, MO; Elhadi, M; Farkas, A; Imani, S; Kanji, S; Luque-Pardos, S; Roberts, JA; Sanches, C; Sandaradura, I; Scheetz, MH; Schellack, N; Tabah, A; Timsit, JF; Wilks, K; Williams, PG; Xie, J, 2023)	1.12
"To describe the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in a large Chinese paediatric cohort with varying degrees of renal function and ages and to develop practical dosing guidelines."	( Vancomycin population pharmacokinetics analysis in Chinese paediatric patients with varying degrees of renal function and ages: development of new practical dosing recommendations. Bu, S; Chen, J; Huang, X; Li, J; Li, L; Yang, R; Yao, H; Yu, L; Zhou, J, 2023)	2.63
" Monte Carlo simulations were used to stimulate an optimal dosage regimen to achieve the target of AUC24/MIC between 400 and 650."	( Vancomycin population pharmacokinetics analysis in Chinese paediatric patients with varying degrees of renal function and ages: development of new practical dosing recommendations. Bu, S; Chen, J; Huang, X; Li, J; Li, L; Yang, R; Yao, H; Yu, L; Zhou, J, 2023)	2.35
" Based on the model, we proposed an optimal dosing regimen that considers the patient's age and estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to achieve a target AUC24/MIC for CTS and non-CTS patients."	( Vancomycin population pharmacokinetics analysis in Chinese paediatric patients with varying degrees of renal function and ages: development of new practical dosing recommendations. Bu, S; Chen, J; Huang, X; Li, J; Li, L; Yang, R; Yao, H; Yu, L; Zhou, J, 2023)	2.35
"We established vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters in Chinese paediatric patients and proposed a dosing guideline integrating eGFR, age and CTS status, potentially improving clinical outcomes and reducing nephrotoxicity risk."	( Vancomycin population pharmacokinetics analysis in Chinese paediatric patients with varying degrees of renal function and ages: development of new practical dosing recommendations. Bu, S; Chen, J; Huang, X; Li, J; Li, L; Yang, R; Yao, H; Yu, L; Zhou, J, 2023)	2.71
"The usefulness of the peak concentration for predicting the AUC on the next occasion by Bayesian modeling was not demonstrated; therefore, the practical value of peak sampling for AUC-guided dosing can be questioned."	( Evaluation of Vancomycin Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve Predictive Performance Using Bayesian Modeling Software With and Without Peak Concentration: An Academic Hospital Experience for Adult Patients Without Renal Impairment. Jeong, TD; Kim, HK, 2023)	1.27
"Iterative approaches to vancomycin dosing (e."	( Optimizing the dosing of vancomycin in patients receiving intermittent haemodialysis with low-flux filters, and the potential impact of dosing software. Day, RO; Musgrave, K; Penny, M; Roberts, DM; Sevastos, J; Stefani, M, 2023)	1.52
"Vancomycin dosing was suboptimal and the pharmacokinetic software was not sufficiently predictive."	( Optimizing the dosing of vancomycin in patients receiving intermittent haemodialysis with low-flux filters, and the potential impact of dosing software. Day, RO; Musgrave, K; Penny, M; Roberts, DM; Sevastos, J; Stefani, M, 2023)	2.66
" Optimizing vancomycin exposure during therapy is essential and area under-the-curve (AUC)-guided dosing is now recommended."	( Impact of model-informed precision dosing on achievement of vancomycin exposure targets in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis. Bio, L; Brockmeyer, JM; Frymoyer, A; Schwenk, HT, 2023)	1.53
"An MIPD approach implemented within a cloud-based, EHR-integrated CDS tool safely supported vancomycin AUC-guided dosing and resulted in high rates of target achievement."	( Impact of model-informed precision dosing on achievement of vancomycin exposure targets in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis. Bio, L; Brockmeyer, JM; Frymoyer, A; Schwenk, HT, 2023)	1.37
" Future prospective studies are needed to improve and personalize GFR estimation and medication dosing in patients with cancer."	( Medication-Related Adverse Events and Discordancies in Cystatin C-Based vs Serum Creatinine-Based Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients With Cancer. Gupta, S; Hanna, PE; Harden, D; Katz-Agranov, N; Leaf, DE; Moreno, D; Ouyang, T; Reynolds, KL; Seethapathy, H; Sise, ME; Strohbehn, IA; Wang, Q, 2023)	0.91
" Nonetheless, there is a lack in pharmacokinetics information for this population, and dosing criteria may vary between healthcare centers."	( Model-informed precision dosing of antimicrobial drugs in pediatrics: experiences from a pilot scale program. Arriaga-García, FJ; Medellín-Garibay, SE; Milán-Segovia, RDC; Pérez-González, LF; Rodríguez-Báez, AS; Romano-Moreno, S; Velarde-Salcedo, R, 2023)	0.91
" Most pharmacists agreed that such a CDSS could favorably affect (N = 8, 62%) or enhance (9, 69%) their ability to make vancomycin dosing decisions."	( Discrepancy between perceptions and acceptance of clinical decision support Systems: implementation of artificial intelligence for vancomycin dosing. Barreto, EF; Dong, Y; Gao, X; Kashani, KB; Liu, C; Liu, X; Song, X; Tootooni, MS, 2023)	1.32
"Prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy (PIRRT) is gaining popularity as a renal replacement modality in intensive care units, but there is a relative lack of guidance regarding antimicrobial clearance and dosing when compared with other modalities."	( Antimicrobial pharmacokinetics and dosing in critically ill adults receiving prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy: A systematic review. Dubinsky, S; Grewal, A; Hiremath, S; Hutton, B; Kanji, S; Marko, R; Purkayastha, D; Thabet, P; Wong, K, 2023)	0.91
"Few drug dosing recommendations for patients receiving home hemodialysis (HHD) have been published which has hindered the adoption of HHD."	( Vancomycin and daptomycin dosing recommendations in patients receiving home hemodialysis using Monte Carlo simulation. Jang, SM; Lewis, SJ; Mueller, BA, 2023)	2.35
"HHD frequency, total dialysate volumes and HHD durations influenced drug exposure and led to different dosing regimens to meet targets."	( Vancomycin and daptomycin dosing recommendations in patients receiving home hemodialysis using Monte Carlo simulation. Jang, SM; Lewis, SJ; Mueller, BA, 2023)	2.35
"Vancomycin administration is challenging in critically ill patients because of pharmacokinetic changes and requires careful therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to guide the appropriate dosing for an effective serum concentration and to avoid toxicity."	( Therapeutic Drug Monitoring-Guided Vancomycin Therapy of a Pediatric Patient after Liver Transplantation: a Case Report. Bai, J; Duan, M; Ji, X; Liu, J; Wen, A, 2023)	2.63
" Even with the administration of the maximum approved vancomycin dosage (40 mg/kg/day), the serum trough levels were less than the recommended therapeutic level."	( Therapeutic Drug Monitoring-Guided Vancomycin Therapy of a Pediatric Patient after Liver Transplantation: a Case Report. Bai, J; Duan, M; Ji, X; Liu, J; Wen, A, 2023)	1.44
"Although use of AUC-guided vancomycin dosing was recommended in the revised 2020 consensus guideline, collection of multiple vancomycin serum samples to calculate AUC may cause clinical complications."	( Comparison of the incidence of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity following the change from trough-guided dosing to AUC-guided doing using trough-only data. Kobayashi, R; Niwa, K; Niwa, T; Ono, Y; Otsubo, M; Sumi, K; Suzuki, A; Yamada, S; Yamada, Y; Yamamoto, T; Yasue, M, 2023)	1.49
"We conducted a single-centre, prospective cohort study to compare the incidence of nephrotoxicity between a trough-guided dosing group and one-point AUC-guided dosing group."	( Comparison of the incidence of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity following the change from trough-guided dosing to AUC-guided doing using trough-only data. Kobayashi, R; Niwa, K; Niwa, T; Ono, Y; Otsubo, M; Sumi, K; Suzuki, A; Yamada, S; Yamada, Y; Yamamoto, T; Yasue, M, 2023)	1.2
"One-point AUC-guided dosing significantly decreased the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) compared with trough-guided dosing (2."	( Comparison of the incidence of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity following the change from trough-guided dosing to AUC-guided doing using trough-only data. Kobayashi, R; Niwa, K; Niwa, T; Ono, Y; Otsubo, M; Sumi, K; Suzuki, A; Yamada, S; Yamada, Y; Yamamoto, T; Yasue, M, 2023)	1.2
"Compared with trough concentration-guided dosing, AUC-guided dosing using one-point sampling markedly reduced the incidence of AKI, without additional serum sampling."	( Comparison of the incidence of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity following the change from trough-guided dosing to AUC-guided doing using trough-only data. Kobayashi, R; Niwa, K; Niwa, T; Ono, Y; Otsubo, M; Sumi, K; Suzuki, A; Yamada, S; Yamada, Y; Yamamoto, T; Yasue, M, 2023)	1.2