aminolevulinic acid profile

Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Related Flora

Flora	Rank	Flora Definition	Family	Family Definition
Glycine	genus	A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.[MeSH]	Fabaceae	The large family of plants characterized by pods. Some are edible and some cause LATHYRISM or FAVISM and other forms of poisoning. Other species yield useful materials like gums from ACACIA and various LECTINS like PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS from PHASEOLUS. Many of them harbor NITROGEN FIXATION bacteria on their roots. Many but not all species of beans belong to this family.[MeSH]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	137
CHEMBL ID	601
CHEBI ID	17549
SCHEMBL ID	8243
MeSH ID	M0000951

Synonym
aminolevulinic
AC-054
BIDD:GT0260
AB00053763-08
AB00053763-07
5-ala
delta-ala
CHEBI:17549 ,
aminolevulinic acid
dala
DIVK1C_006954
SPECTRUM_001582
einecs 203-414-1
ccris 8958
SPECTRUM5_001505
D07567
BSPBIO_003407
MLS001333098
smr000857229
MLS001333097
aladerm
pentanoic acid, 5-amino-4-oxo-
levulinic acid, 5-amino- (8ci)
levulinic acid, 5-amino-
kerastick
pentanoic acid, 5-amino-4-oxo- (9ci)
5-aminolevulinic acid
5-amino-4-oxovaleric acid
106-60-5
5-amino-4-oxopentanoic acid
C00430
5-amino-levulinic acid
5-AMINO-LEVULINATE ,
delta-aminolevulinic acid
5-aminolevulinate
5-amino-4-oxo-pentanoic acid
DB00855
KBIO2_002062
KBIO2_007198
KBIO3_002627
KBIOSS_002062
KBIOGR_001176
KBIO1_001898
KBIO2_004630
SPECTRUM2_001662
SPBIO_001843
SPECPLUS_000858
SPECTRUM3_001654
SPECTRUM4_000618
NCGC00178086-01
5-aminolaevulinate
delta aminolevulinic acid
acid, delta-aminolevulinic
acid, aminolevulinic
35BEC718-C970-426A-9859-BF58284C60B4
bdbm50240386
.delta.-aminolevulinic acid
CHEMBL601 ,
LMFA01100055
4-oxo-5-amino-pentanoic acid
A801471
AKOS003587520
HMS3259E22
HMS2231I19
aminolevulinate
unii-88755taz87
88755taz87 ,
bf-200 ala
.delta.-aminolevulinic acid [mi]
aminolevulinic acid [who-dd]
5-aminolevulinic acid [mart.]
methylaminolevulinate hydrochloride impurity b [ep impurity]
aminolevulinic acid [vandf]
d-aminolevulinic acid
HMS3369O14
gtpl4784
FT-0620021
NC00601
SCHEMBL8243
DTXSID8048490 ,
AB00053763_09
AB00053763_10
mfcd00044485
CS-W000450
5-aminolaevulinic acid
SBI-0206721.P001
amino-levulinic acid
5-amino-4-oxo-pentanoate
5-amino-4-oxovalerate
HY-W000450
aminolevulinic acid;ala;5-amino-4-oxopentanoic acid;5-amino-4-oxo-pentanoic acid;5-amino-4-keto-valeric acid
BCP23830
AS-30950
Q238474
5-aminolevulinic-acid
FVT ,
5-azanyl-4-oxidanylidene-pentanoic acid
NCGC00178086-06
acido 5-aminolevulinico
dtxcid4028464
d-amino-levulinic acid
5-aminolevulinic acid (mart.)
EN300-101562

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a key intermediate of heme biosynthesis, which is an essential component of the respiratory chain. "	( Nutritional Factors That Affect the Formation of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid, a Key Intermediate of Heme Biosynthesis. Imi, Y; Shibata, K, 2021)	1.59
"5-Aminolevulinic acid is a new-generation photosensitizer with high tumor specificity. "	( Current status of photodynamic technology for urothelial cancer. Fukuhara, H; Furihata, M; Hanazaki, K; Inoue, K; Karashima, T; Kurabayashi, A; Lai, HW; Ogura, SI; Yamamoto, S, 2022)	1.44
": 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a naturally synthesized amino acid present in most plants as well as animals, and it is routinely consumed by humans. "	( Therapeutic potential of 5-aminolevulinic acid and sodium-ferrous citrate for viral insults: relevance to the COVID-19 crisis. Chatziantonio, C; Negoro, H; Razzaque, MS, 2022)	1.58
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is an oral agent that has been increasingly adopted in fluorescence-guided resection of HGG."	( A Novel 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Enabled Surgical Loupe System-A Consecutive Brain Tumor Series of 11 Cases. Amankulor, NM; Andrews, E; Habib, A; Jaman, E; Ozpinar, A; Zhang, X; Zinn, PO, 2022)	1.68
"5-aminolevulinic acid is a protoporphyrin IX precursor used for photodynamic diagnosis. "	( Photodynamic diagnosis-assisted transurethral resection using oral 5-aminolevulinic acid decreases residual cancer and improves recurrence-free survival in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Harada, S; Honda, T; Kani, N; Kato, T; Matsuoka, Y; Okazoe, H; Sugimoto, M; Taoka, R; Tohi, Y; Tsunemori, H; Ueda, N; Yamasaki, M, 2022)	1.68
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a natural precursor of the heme biosynthetic pathway, which when exogenously administered leads to the accumulation of the photoactivatable protoporphyrin IX."	( Daylight-PDT: everything under the sun. Beiki, D; Eggleston, IM; Pourzand, C, 2022)	1.28
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an intraoperative molecular probe approved for fluorescence-guided resection (FGR) of high-grade gliomas to achieve maximal safe tumor resection. "	( Inhibition of ABCG2 transporter by lapatinib enhances 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated protoporphyrin IX fluorescence and photodynamic therapy response in human glioma cell lines. Chandratre, S; Chen, B; Howley, R; Mansi, M, 2022)	1.69
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a natural amino acid and a precursor of heme and chlorophyll. "	( 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Induced Protoporphyrin IX Fluorescence Imaging for Tumor Detection: Recent Advances and Challenges. Harada, Y; Murayama, Y; Otsuji, E; Takamatsu, T; Tanaka, H, 2022)	2.16
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is an intermediate in haem biosynthesis and has anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other pharmacological effects. "	( Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid on the inflammatory responses and antioxidative capacity in broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Chen, J; Gu, H; Li, C; Liu, G; Wang, H; Wang, S; Wu, Z, 2022)	1.81
"5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a proagent developed for fluorescent-guided surgery for high-grade glioma patients associated with a significant increase in resection conferring survival. "	( Utility of 5-ALA for resection of CNS tumours other than high-grade gliomas: a protocol for a systematic review. Gharooni, AA; Gillespie, CS; Gough, M; Jenkinson, MD; Patel, W; Plaha, P; Poon, MTC; Price, SJ; Solomou, G; Venkatesh, A; Watts, C; Wykes, V, 2022)	1.44
"5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a natural amino acid and a product of the first heme synthesis pathway in mitochondria. "	( The effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid on canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Igase, M; Iwatani, N; Mizukami, Y; Mizuno, T; Sakai, A; Watanabe, K, 2022)	1.79
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a new natural plant growth regulator that inhibits abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. "	( ALA Upregulates MdPTPA Expression to Increase the PP2A Activity and Promote Stomatal Opening in Apple Leaves. Chen, Z; Wang, L, 2022)	1.44
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is an amino acid that can be metabolized into a photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) selectively in a tumor cell, permitting minimally invasive photodynamic diagnosis/therapy. "	( Polymeric iron chelators for enhancing 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced photodynamic therapy. Guo, H; Honda, Y; Ishii, T; Ishizuka, M; Komoto, K; Nagano, T; Nishiyama, N; Nomoto, T; Ogura, SI, 2023)	1.9
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a natural and environmentally benign multifunctional plant growth regulator involved in the regulation of plant tolerance to various environmental stresses. "	( MeJA-mediated enhancement of salt-tolerance of Populus wutunensis by 5-aminolevulinic acid. Jin, H; Li, B; Liu, H; Sun, J; Zou, J, 2023)	1.86
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a crucial precursor of heme, which is essential for CII, complex III, complex IV (CIV) and cytochrome c activities."	( 5-Aminolevulinic acid bypasses mitochondrial complex I deficiency and corrects physiological dysfunctions in Drosophila. Ando, K; Asada, A; Ishii, T; Ishizuka, M; Noguchi, M; Nozawa, N; Saito, T; Shinno, K; Takahashi, K, 2023)	2.19
"Five-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a natural product that induces heme oxygenase (HO)-1, which acts as an antioxidant."	( Five-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) Induces Heme Oxygenase-1 and Ameliorates Palmitic Acid-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Renal Tubules. Hamada, S; Hanada, H; Isomoto, H; Iyama, T; Kubo, M; Mae, Y; Sugihara, T; Takata, T; Taniguchi, S, 2023)	1.88
"5-Aminolevulinic acid is a prodrug clinically approved for PDT."	( Enhanced Delivery of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid by Lecithin Invasomes in 3D Melanoma Cancer Model. Caputo, A; Filotico, R; Gaballo, A; Gallo, N; Guida, G; Nito, A; Nobile, C; Piccirillo, C; Quarta, A; Ragusa, A; Salvatore, L; Zito, A, 2023)	1.78
"5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a widely used photosensitizer."	( Nanoparticles drug delivery for 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for multiple cancer treatment: a critical review on biosynthesis, detection, and therapeutic applications. Anjum, MM; Bhattacharya, S; Prajapati, BG; Singh, S, 2023)	1.75
"5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a compound that acts as a precursor in the biosynthesis of tetrapyrroles and can increase plant tolerance to different abiotic stressors."	( Exogenously applied 5-aminolevulinic acid modulates growth, yield, and physiological parameters in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) under rain-fed and supplemental irrigation conditions. Ezati, P; Ghorbanpour, M; Hazrati, S; Mohammadi, H, 2023)	1.78
"5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride is a highly effective drug in reducing tumor residuals in transurethral resection of the bladder tumors; however, hypotension is a serious side effect that causes clinical problems. "	( [Effectiveness of Pharmaceutical Intervention While Administering 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Hydrochloride through a Collaboration of Physicians and Pharmacists]. Aoyama, S; Kasahara, S; Komeda, H; Mizui, T; Tachi, T; Takai, A; Tanaka, K; Yasuda, M, 2023)	1.87
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a delta amino acid naturally present in every living cell of the human body. "	( Safety and Mode of Action of Diabetes Medications in comparison with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA). Iftikhar, H; Jabbar, Z; Nakajima, M; Rehani, PR; Rehani, RN; Tanaka, T, 2019)	1.47
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a porphyrin-based photosensitizer and has been used for photodynamic therapy of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). "	( Photodetection and Safety of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Induced Porphyrin in Patients With Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Bai, W; Cao, F; Chen, R; Cui, Y; Dong, Y; Shi, Y; Tao, J; Xu, J; Zhao, J; Zhao, X, 2021)	1.63
"5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a constituent of mitochondrial electron carriers, heme and cytochrome c, which are crucial for aerobic energy metabolism and cell apoptosis. "	( Inhibitory Effect of Orally Administered 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Prostate Carcinogenesis in the FVB-Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of a Mouse Prostate (FVB-TRAMP) Model. Anai, S; Fujimoto, K; Hori, S; Iemura, Y; Iida, K; Itami, Y; Miyake, M; Nakai, Y; Onishi, K; Onishi, S; Owari, T; Shimada, K; Tanaka, N; Tatsumi, Y, 2020)	1.54
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an essential intermediate for many organisms and has been considered for the applications of medical especially in photodynamic therapy of cancer recently. "	( Plasmid-Free System and Modular Design for Efficient 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Production by Engineered Escherichia coli. Ng, IS; Shih, IT; Yi, YC, 2021)	1.59
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a naturally occurring non-proteinogenic amino acid, which contributes to the diagnosis and therapeutic approaches of various cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). "	( Antitumor Effects of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Human Malignant Glioblastoma Cells. Abbasinezhad-Moud, F; Etezad Razavi, M; Gorji, A; Jalili-Nik, M; Khaleghi Ghadiri, M; Maghrouni, A; Sahab-Negah, S; Stummer, W, 2021)	1.65
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a prodrug used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumors, including cancer of the oral mucosa. "	( α-Bisabolol improves 5-aminolevulinic acid retention in buccal tissues: Potential application in the photodynamic therapy of oral cancer. Campos de Oliveira Miguel, N; Dos Santos Miranda Costa, I; Freiman de Souza Ramos, M; Quintanilha, NP; Riemma Pierre, MB, 2017)	1.49
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a precursor of the photosensitizing agent protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)."	( Novel potential photodynamic therapy strategy using 5-Aminolevulinic acid for ovarian clear-cell carcinoma. Ishii, T; Ishizuka, M; Kajiyama, H; Kikkawa, F; Kitajima, Y; Mizuno, M; Sakata, J; Shibata, K; Teshigawara, T; Utsumi, F, 2018)	1.29
"5-aminolevulinic acid(5-ALA)is an endogenous natural amino acid and precursor of the heme pathway."	( [A Useful Case of Photodynamic Diagnosis of Inferior Vena Cava Invasion by Pancreatic Head Cancer Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid(5-ALA)]. Arita, T; Fujiwara, H; Ikoma, H; Konishi, H; Kosuga, T; Kuriu, Y; Mizutani, T; Morimura, R; Murayama, Y; Nakanishi, M; Okamoto, K; Otsuji, E; Shiozaki, A, 2018)	1.25
"5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a prodrug that results in the fluorescence of high-grade gliomas relative to the surrounding brain parenchyma. "	( Fluorescence-guided surgery for high-grade gliomas. Hadjipanayis, CG; Lakomkin, N, 2018)	1.2
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a prodrug preferentially metabolized by glioma cells that allows direct, real-time visualization of pathologic tissue through fluorescence under blue light."	( The impact of 5-aminolevulinic acid on extent of resection in newly diagnosed high grade gliomas: a systematic review and single institutional experience. Haider, SA; Kalkanis, SN; Lee, IY; Lim, S, 2019)	1.42
"Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a prodrug that is metabolized in the heme biosynthesis pathway to produce protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) for tumor fluorescence detection and photodynamic therapy (PDT). "	( Ferrochelatase Deficiency Abrogated the Enhancement of Aminolevulinic Acid-mediated Protoporphyrin IX by Iron Chelator Deferoxamine. Braun, A; Chen, B; Howley, R; Kraus, D; Mansi, M; Myers, KA; Palasuberniam, P, 2019)	2.2
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a value-added compound with potential applications in the fields of agriculture and medicine. "	( Enhancing 5-aminolevulinic acid tolerance and production by engineering the antioxidant defense system of Escherichia coli. Chen, J; Chen, N; Guo, X; Ma, Y; Sun, J; Wang, L; Wang, Y; Zheng, P; Zhu, C, 2019)	1.61
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an important cellular metabolic intermediate that has broad agricultural and medical applications. "	( Multi-enzymatic recycling of ATP and NADPH for the synthesis of 5-aminolevulinic acid using a semipermeable reaction system. Aiguo, Z; Meizhi, Z; Ruiwen, D, 2019)	1.47
"Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a heme precursor that may have potential applications for photodynamic detection and photodynamic therapy-based treatment of solid tumors in a variety of malignancies. "	( Aminolevulinic acid (ALA): photodynamic detection and potential therapeutic applications. Apel, M; Brown, G; Jones, C; Lang, JE; Nokes, B, 2013)	3.28
"5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a precursor of haemoglobin which leads to the synthesis of porphyrins in malignant gliomas which then appears with red fluorescence under blue light. "	( [Fluorescence-guided surgery with 5-aminolevulinic acid for resection of malignant gliomas--a new treatment modality]. Cortnum, S; Laursen, R, 2013)	1.39
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a precursor of the strong photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX, in cancer cells. "	( 5-Aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy using light-emitting diodes of different wavelengths in a mouse model of peritoneally disseminated gastric cancer. Hino, H; Inoue, K; Murayama, Y; Nakajima, M; Nakanishi, M; Otsuji, E, 2013)	1.83
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a precursor of heme. "	( Antitumor effect of combination of hyperthermotherapy and 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Abe, F; Hasegawa, T; Ishii, T; Kishi, A; Nakajima, M; Sadamoto, K; Suzuki, A; Takahashi, K; Tanaka, T; Uno, K; Yasuda, I, 2013)	1.35
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a prodrug for topical photodynamic therapy. "	( In vitro evaluation of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) loaded PLGA nanoparticles. Huang, Z; Luan, H; Shi, L; Tu, Q; Wang, H; Wang, X; Zhao, F, 2013)	1.41
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a natural heme precursor metabolized into protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). "	( Synergistic apoptotic effect of Doxil ® and aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy on human breast adenocarcinoma cells. El-Daly, SM; Gamal-Eldeen, AM; Saleh, S; Zakaria, S, 2014)	1.38
"5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is an intermediate substrate of heme metabolism."	( Fluorescent detection of peritoneal metastasis in human colorectal cancer using 5-aminolevulinic acid. Fujiwara, H; Ichikawa, D; Ikoma, H; Inoue, K; Komatsu, S; Kondo, Y; Konishi, H; Kubota, T; Kuriu, Y; Morimura, R; Murayama, Y; Nakajima, M; Nakanishi, M; Okamoto, K; Otsuji, E; Sakakura, C; Shiozaki, A; Takahashi, K, 2014)	1.19
"5-aminolevulinic acid is a natural precursor of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX."	( Photodynamic therapy using systemic administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid and a 410-nm wavelength light-emitting diode for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected ulcers in mice. Awazu, K; Honda, N; Ito, N; Matsumoto, S; Morimoto, K; Ozawa, T; Tsuruta, D, 2014)	1.21
"Five-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a prodrug to generate phototoxic protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) for photodynamic cancer therapy. "	( Kinetic Evaluation of Determinant Factors for Cellular Accumulation of Protoporphyrin IX Induced by External 5-Aminolevulinic Acid for Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. Nakanishi, T; Ogawa, T; Tamai, I; Yanagihara, C, 2015)	1.14
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a precursor of a strong photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX (PphIX), for photodynamic therapy (PDT). "	( Targeted delivery of 5-aminolevulinic acid by multifunctional hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles for photodynamic skin cancer therapy. Ma, X; Qu, Q; Zhao, Y, 2015)	1.45
"5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring amino acid that is a protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) precursor and a next-generation photosensitive substance. "	( Clinical applications of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated fluorescence for gastric cancer. Hanazaki, K; Inoue, K; Namikawa, T; Shuin, T; Yatabe, T, 2015)	1.44
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring amino acid present in diverse organisms and a precursor of heme biosynthesis. "	( In vivo curative and protective potential of orally administered 5-aminolevulinic acid plus ferrous ion against malaria. Balogun, EO; Hikosaka, K; Kita, K; Kobayashi, F; Komatsuya, K; Nakajima, M; Niikura, M; Suzuki, S; Takahashi, K; Tanaka, T, 2015)	1.37
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a widely used photodynamic therapy (PDT) prodrug in the clinic. "	( Immobilization of ALA-Zn(II) Coordination Polymer Pro-photosensitizers on Magnetite Colloidal Supraparticles for Target Photodynamic Therapy of Bladder Cancer. Guo, J; Sun, C; Tan, J; Wang, C; Xu, K, 2015)	1.14
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an L-glutamate derived non-protein amino acid, and is widely applied in fields such as medicine and agriculture."	( Engineering Corynebacterium glutamicum to produce 5-aminolevulinic acid from glucose. Jin, H; Liu, W; Qi, Q; Wang, Q; Yu, X, 2015)	1.23
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a nonprotein amino acid that has been widely used in many fields. "	( Integrated Optimization of the In Vivo Heme Biosynthesis Pathway and the In Vitro Iron Concentration for 5-Aminolevulinate Production. Chen, J; Ding, W; Du, G; Kang, Z; Zhang, J, 2016)	1.16
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a naturally occurring amino acid and precursor of heme and protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). "	( 5-Aminolevulinic acid regulates the inflammatory response and alloimmune reaction. Fujino, M; Ito, H; Li, XK; Nishio, Y; Tanaka, T, 2016)	1.88
"5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a natural precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PP IX), which possesses fluorescent properties and is more intensively accumulated in tumor cells than in normal tissue. "	( Laser biospectroscopy and 5-ALA fluorescence navigation as a helpful tool in the meningioma resection. Chumakova, AP; Golbin, DA; Goldberg, MF; Goryaynov, SA; Loschenov, VB; Okhlopkov, VA; Potapov, AA; Savelieva, TA; Shishkina, LV; Spallone, A; Varyukhina, MD, 2016)	1.16
"5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a drug currently used for PDT and is a hydrophilic molecule at its physiological pH, and this limits its capacity to cross the stratum corneum of skin."	( A Formulation Study of 5-Aminolevulinic Encapsulated in DPPC Liposomes in Melanoma Treatment. Chen, CL; Chou, CY; Huang, YB; Hung, SY; Lin, MW; Wu, PC, 2016)	0.99
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a precursor of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin (PpIX) used in photodynamic therapy. "	( Combined treatment with X-ray irradiation and 5-aminolevulinic acid elicits better transcriptomic response of cell cycle-related factors than X-ray irradiation alone. Iwahashi, H; Misawa, M; Takahashi, J, 2016)	1.41
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a FDA-approved photodynamic therapy (PDT) precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) used for treating various cancers. "	( Zwitterionic stealth peptide-capped 5-aminolevulinic acid prodrug nanoparticles for targeted photodynamic therapy. Ji, J; Jin, Q; Li, H; Lin, Y; Wu, J, 2017)	1.45
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a precursor of a tetrapyrrole compound. "	( Hair growth stimulatory effect by a combination of 5-aminolevulinic acid and iron ion. Ishizuka, M; Ito, Y; Maeda, T; Morokuma, Y; Tanaka, T; Tsuboi, R; Yamazaki, M; Yoshino, I, 2008)	1.32
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a prodrug used in photodynamic therapy, fluorescent diagnosis, and fluorescent-guided resection because it leads to accumulation of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in tumor tissues. "	( Transport of the photodynamic therapy agent 5-aminolevulinic acid by distinct H+-coupled nutrient carriers coexpressed in the small intestine. Anderson, CM; Conlon, NJ; Edwards, N; Ganapathy, V; Jevons, M; Thangaraju, M; Thwaites, DT; Woods, S, 2010)	1.34
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a natural precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which can be used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT). "	( Susceptibility to 5-aminolevulinic acid based photodynamic therapy in WHO I meningioma cells corresponds to ferrochelatase activity. Albert, I; Hefti, M; Holenstein, F; Looser, H; Luginbuehl, V, )	1.18
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a natural, delta amino acid biosynthesized by animal and plant mitochondria."	( Novel development of 5-aminolevurinic acid (ALA) in cancer diagnoses and therapy. Abe, F; Inoue, K; Ishizuka, M; Kohda, T; Komatsu, N; Nakajima, M; Ogura, S; Sano, Y; Takahashi, K; Tanaka, T, 2011)	0.93
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a prodrug used in photodynamic therapy and fluorescence-guided resection of malignant gliomas due to its high cellular uptake in tumours. "	( Radiosensitizing effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX in glioma cells in vitro. Akiba, D; Kitagawa, T; Nakano, Y; Nishizawa, S; Ogura, S; Saito, T; Takahashi, M; Tanaka, T; Yamamoto, J, 2012)	1.39
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of tetrapyrroles. "	( High level production of 5-aminolevulinic acid by Propionibacterium acidipropionici grown in a low-cost medium. Jongsareejit, B; Sonhom, R; Thepsithar, C, 2012)	1.4
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an important plant growth regulator which is derived from 5-carbon aliphatic amino acid. "	( 5-aminolevulinic acid alleviates the salinity-induced changes in Brassica napus as revealed by the ultrastructural study of chloroplast. Ahmad, R; Liu, D; Liu, H; Naeem, MS; Waraich, EA; Warusawitharana, H; Xu, L; Zhou, W, 2012)	1.82
"5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a pro-drug that leads to accumulation of fluorescent protoporphyrins in malignant gliomas."	( Fluorescence-guided resection of gliomas. Cortnum, S; Laursen, RJ, 2012)	0.94
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a precursor to heme synthesis pathway and currently used to induce endogenous protoporphyrin IX (PpIX, a potent photosensitizer) for photodynamic therapy of cancer. "	( Comparison of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its hexylester mediated photodynamic action on human hepatoma cells. Chen, JY; Peng, Q; Ren, QG; Wu, SM, 2002)	1.38
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a heme precursor that accumulates in some porphyric disorders and in lead poisoning which can undergo metal-catalyzed oxidation producing reactive oxygen species and the keto-aldehyde, 4,5-dioxovaleric acid (DOVA). "	( Genotoxicity of 5-aminolevulinic and 4,5-dioxovaleric acids in the salmonella/microsuspension mutagenicity assay and SOS chromotest. de A Umbuzeiro, G; Di Mascio, P; Medeiros, MH; Onuki, J; Rech, CM, 2002)	1.04
"Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) acts as a prodrug leading to a selective accumulation of a photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), in epithelial cells."	( Interstitial photodynamic therapy in subcutaneously implanted urologic tumors in rats after intravenous administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid. Brown, K; Moore, R; Tamimi, Y; Tulip, J; Xiao, Z, )	1.06
"Aminolevulinic acid is a prodrug that is metabolized intracellularly to form the photosensitizing molecule protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)."	( Photodynamic therapy and topical aminolevulinic acid: an overview. Gupta, AK; Ryder, JE, 2003)	1.32
"Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a charged, hydrophilic molecule that penetrates poorly through cellular structures. "	( Evaluation of the penetration of 5-aminolevulinic acid through basal cell carcinoma: a pilot study. Ahmadi, S; Donnelly, RF; McCarron, PA; McKenna, K; Woolfson, AD, 2004)	2.04
"5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a precursor in synthesis of endogenous porphyrins used to sensitize tumor tissues in photodynamic therapy (PDT). "	( Enhancement of photodynamic therapy by use of aminolevulinic acid/glycolic acid drug mixture. Bronowicz, A; Oremek, G; Osiecka, BJ; Saleh, Y; Siewinski, M; Symonowicz, K; Ziolkowski, P, 2004)	1.3
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a heme precursor accumulated in plasma and in organs in acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), a disease associated with neuromuscular dysfunction and increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). "	( Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid. Chen, Y; Di Mascio, P; Medeiros, MH; Onuki, J; Schumacher, RI; Teixeira, PC; Van Houten, B, 2004)	1.3
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a useful agent to enhance the detection of early epithelial lesions in head and neck cancers. "	( Excretion measurement of porphyrins and their precursors after topical administration of 5-aminolaevulinic acid for fluorescence endoscopy in head and neck cancer. Brossmann, P; Doss, MO; Gross, U; Klahr, N; Klein, M; Külkens, C; Lippert, BM; Ney, M; Teymoortash, A; Werner, JA, 2003)	1.04
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a pro-drug which can be converted to the effective photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)."	( Topical glycerol monooleate/propylene glycol formulations enhance 5-aminolevulinic acid in vitro skin delivery and in vivo protophorphyrin IX accumulation in hairless mouse skin. Bentley, MV; Collett, J; De Rosa, FS; Steluti, R; Tedesco, AC, 2005)	1.12
"5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an endogenous precursor for several photosensitizing porphyrins formed by heme biosynthesis, and has been studied for PDT with promising results for some superficial diseases of the skin and hollow internal organs."	( New derivatives of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodynamic therapy: chemical synthesis and porphyrin production in in vitro and in vivo biological systems. Branden, JE; Godal, A; Klaveness, J; Nesland, JM; Nilsen, NO; Peng, Q, 2006)	1.21
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a well characterized precursor in the synthesis of various endogenous porphyrins used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). "	( Pretreatment of plantar warts with azone enhances the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy. Bronowicz, A; Gerber-Leszczyszyn, H; Osiecka, BJ; Siewinski, M; Ziolkowska, J; Ziolkowski, P, 2006)	1.29
"5-Aminolevulinic acid is a non-fluorescent prodrug that leads to intracellular accumulation of fluorescent porphyrins in malignant gliomas-a finding that is under investigation for intraoperative identification and resection of these tumours. "	( Fluorescence-guided surgery with 5-aminolevulinic acid for resection of malignant glioma: a randomised controlled multicentre phase III trial. Meinel, T; Pichlmeier, U; Reulen, HJ; Stummer, W; Wiestler, OD; Zanella, F, 2006)	1.33
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a natural precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and heme in cells. "	( Biological activity of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its methyl ester after storage under different conditions. Graczyk, A; Iani, V; Juzenas, P; Juzeniene, A; Kaliszewski, M; Kwasny, M; Ma, LW; Mikolajewska, P; Moan, J, 2007)	1.36
"Five-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a drug which induces protoporphyrin IX accumulation in malignant gliomas and has been explored for fluorescence-guided resections of these tumors."	( Long-sustaining response in a patient with non-resectable, distant recurrence of glioblastoma multiforme treated by interstitial photodynamic therapy using 5-ALA: case report. Baumgartner, R; Beck, T; Beyer, W; Etminan, N; Herms, J; Kreth, FW; Mehrkens, JH; Obermeier, A; Stepp, H; Stummer, W; Tonn, JC, 2008)	0.8
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a precursor of heme biosynthesis. "	( Biodistribution and phototoxicity of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced PpIX in an orthotopic rat bladder tumor model. Bachor, R; Flotte, T; Hasan, T; Iinuma, S, 1995)	1.28
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a precursor in the biosynthesis of haem. "	( Photodynamic therapy of experimental colonic tumours with 5-aminolevulinic-acid-induced endogenous porphyrins. Genze, F; König, K; Orth, K; Rück, A, 1994)	1.01
"Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PP IX), a potent photosensitizer."	( Aminolevulinic acid for photodynamic therapy of bladder carcinoma cells. Bachor, R; Hautmann, R; Reich, E; Rück, A, 1996)	2.46
"5-Aminolevulinic acid is shown to be a promising anticancer preparation."	( [Tetrapyrroles: diversity, biosynthesis, biotechnology]. Bykhovskiĭ, VIa; Eliseev, AA; Zaĭtseva, NI, )	0.69
"5-aminolevulinic acid is an early intermediate product in the synthesis of heme. "	( [Use of 5-aminolevulinic acid in photochemotherapy and fluorescence diagnostics]. Bech, O; Berg, K; Moan, J; Peng, Q, 1998)	1.42
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a heme precursor, pathological accumulation of which is associated with liver cancer. "	( Hydroxyl radicals are involved in the oxidation of isolated and cellular DNA bases by 5-aminolevulinic acid. Bechara, EJ; Cadet, J; Di Mascio, P; Douki, T; Medeiros, MH; Onuki, J, 1998)	1.24
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an attractive photosensitizing agent for photodynamic therapy (PDT) as its photoactive derivative, protoporphyrin IX, is metabolized within 1-2 days, eliminating prolonged skin photosensitivity. "	( Light dose fractionation to enhance photodynamic therapy using 5-aminolevulinic acid in the normal rat colon. Bown, SG; Curnow, A; MacRobert, AJ; McIlroy, BW; Postle-Hacon, MJ, 1999)	1.26
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a heme precursor that accumulates in acute intermittent porphyria and lead poisoning. "	( N-acetyl-L-cysteine protects against delta-aminolevulinic acid-induced 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation. Ercal, N; Yildiz, D; Yusof, M, 1999)	1.29
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a precursor of porphyrins and heme that has been implicated in the neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with porphyrias. "	( Mechanisms of 5-aminolevulinic acid uptake at the choroid plexus. Keep, RF; Novotny, A; Smith, DE; Stummer, W; Teuscher, NS; Xiang, J, 2000)	1.37
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a heme precursor that accumulates in lead poisoning and inborn porphyrias. "	( DNA damage by 3,6-dihydropyrazine-2,5-dipropanoic acid, the cyclic dimerization product of 5-aminolevulinic acid. Di Mascio, P; Dörnemann, D; Medeiros, MH; Onuki, J; Teixeira, PC, 2001)	1.25
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a heme precursor that accumulates in acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) due to enzymatic deficiencies in the heme biosynthetic pathway Its accumulation has been associated with several symptoms, such as abdominal pain attacks, neuromuscular weaknesses, neuropsychiatric alterations and increased hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence. "	( Is 5-aminolevulinic acid involved in the hepatocellular carcinogenesis of acute intermittent porphyria? Cadet, J; Di Mascio, P; Dörnemann, D; Douki, T; Medeiros, MH; Onuki, J; Teixeira, PC, 2002)	1.55
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) that is being evaluated for use in photodiagnosis and phototherapy of malignant and nonmalignant disorders. "	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of 5-aminolevulinic acid in healthy volunteers and patients at high risk for recurrent bladder cancer. Dalton, JT; Golub, AL; Marcus, SL; Meyer, MC; Straughn, A; Yates, CR; Yin, D, 2002)	1.32
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an endogenous substance which is converted to protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in the synthetic pathway to heme."	( Effects of photodynamic therapy with topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid on normal skin of hairless guinea pigs. Bachor, R; Goff, BA; Hasan, T; Kollias, N, 1992)	1.08
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a natural compound in the heme biosynthesis pathway."	( Flow Cytometry-Based Photodynamic Diagnosis with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid for the Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Multiple Myeloma. Fujimaki, S; Fujiwara, M; Fujiwara, T; Fukuhara, N; Harigae, H; Ito, T; Iwaki, K; Onishi, Y; Ono, K; Saito, K; Sasaki, K; Suzuki, C; Tamura, H; Tanaka, T; Yokoyama, H, 2019)	1.32
"5-Aminolevulinic acid is a precursor of photosensitizing protoporphyrin IX and has been applied for photodynamic diagnosis of brain and bladder tumors with few side effects. "	( Expression of coproporphyrinogen oxidase is associated with detection of upper gastrointestinal carcinomas by 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic diagnosis. Akazawa, Y; Fukuoka, J; Hashisako, M; Hidaka, S; Ishii, H; Isomoto, H; Kanda, T; Kunizaki, M; Kurumi, H; Matsushima, K; Nagayasu, T; Nakao, K; Nanashima, A; Ogihara, K; Ohnita, K; Tabata, K; Takeshima, F; Yamaguchi, N, 2017)	1.39
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a key metabolic intermediate of the heme biosynthesis pathway, which has broad application prospects in agriculture and medicine. "	( Stable and Efficient Biosynthesis of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Using Plasmid-Free Escherichia coli. Cui, Z; Gong, K; Jiang, X; Jiang, Z; Liang, Q; Qi, Q; Wang, Q; Zhang, J; Zheng, H, 2019)	1.5
"5-Aminolevulinic acid is a precursor of a photosensitizing substance with affinity for tumors; thus, diagnostic laparoscopy using ALA-PDD in combination should improve the accuracy of detecting peritoneal dissemination in patients with advanced gastric cancer."	( Evolution of photodynamic medicine based on fluorescence image-guided diagnosis using indocyanine green and 5-aminolevulinic acid. Hanazaki, K; Inoue, K; Iwabu, J; Kitagawa, H; Kobayashi, M; Maeda, H; Munekage, M; Nakayama, T; Namikawa, T; Sato, T; Uemura, S, 2020)	1.33

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has a poor penetrance of the skin with topical application, which reduces the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT). "	( Sonophoresis enhances the skin penetration of 5-aminolevulinic acid: A promising pretreatment for photodynamic therapy. Fan, W; Jiang, L; Lu, Y; Zheng, Y, 2022)	1.7
"Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been clinically used as an intraoperative fluorescence probe for protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence-guided tumor resection and a PDT agent for cancer treatment. "	( Methods to Measure the Inhibition of ABCG2 Transporter and Ferrochelatase Activity to Enhance Aminolevulinic Acid-Protoporphyrin IX Fluorescence-Guided Tumor Detection and Resection. Chen, B; Howley, R; Mansi, M, 2022)	2.38
"5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has a poor penetrance of the skin with topical application, which reduces the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT). "	( Sonophoresis enhances the skin penetration of 5-aminolevulinic acid: A promising pretreatment for photodynamic therapy. Fan, W; Jiang, L; Lu, Y; Zheng, Y, 2022)	1.7
"5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has demonstrated its utility as an intraoperative imaging adjunct during fluorescence guided resection of malignant gliomas. "	( Utility of 5-ALA for fluorescence-guided resection of brain metastases: a systematic review. Ben-Shalom, N; D'Amico, RS; Khilji, H; Leskinen, S; Narayan, V; Shah, HA, 2022)	1.44
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been approved by the U. "	( Targeting ABCG2 transporter to enhance 5-aminolevulinic acid for tumor visualization and photodynamic therapy. Chandratre, S; Chen, B; Howley, R; Olsen, J, 2023)	1.9
"5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been increasingly used in recent years to identify anaplastic foci in primarily suspected low-grade gliomas (LGGs). "	( Influence of Corticosteroids and Antiepileptic Drugs on Visible 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Fluorescence in a Series of Initially Suspected Low-Grade Gliomas Including World Health Organization Grade II, III, and IV Gliomas. Berger, MS; Borkovec, M; Furtner, J; Hervey-Jumper, S; Hosmann, A; Kiesel, B; Mercea, PA; Mischkulnig, M; Rössler, K; Rötzer, T; Wadiura, LI; Widhalm, G, 2020)	1.52
"5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been utilized for cancer diagnosis as a fluorescence probe. "	( 5-ALA-assistant automated detection of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer patients. Harada, Y; Koshiishi, N; Matsumoto, T; Matsuo, H; Murayama, Y; Okochi, K; Otsuji, E; Takamatsu, T; Tanaka, H, 2020)	1.28
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been widely used as an intravital fluorescence marker in the fluorescence-guided resection of malignant gliomas. "	( 5-Aminolevulinic Acid: Pitfalls of Fluorescence-guided Resection for Malignant Gliomas and Application for Malignant Glioma Therapy. Kitagawa, T; Miyaoka, R; Nakano, Y; Saito, T; Suzuki, K; Takamatsu, S; Yamamoto, J, 2020)	2
"Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been approved as an intraoperative molecular imaging probe for protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence-guided resection of glioma. "	( Evaluation of aminolevulinic acid-mediated protoporphyrin IX fluorescence and enhancement by ABCG2 inhibitors in renal cell carcinoma cells. Chen, B; Howley, R; Mansi, M; Restrepo, J; Shinde, J, 2020)	2.36
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been used as a sonodynamic sensitizer for cancer treatment."	( Artesunate Enhances the Cytotoxicity of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Based Sonodynamic Therapy against Mouse Mammary Tumor Cells In Vitro. Azuma, K; Imagawa, T; Ishizuka, M; Itoh, N; Kurahashi, T; Murahata, Y; Okamoto, Y; Osaki, T; Tanaka, T; Tsuka, T; Uto, Y; Yamanaka, N, 2017)	1.28
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has become an important assistant in glioblastoma (GB) surgery. "	( Comparison of commercial 5-aminolevulinic acid (Gliolan®) and the pharmacy-compounded solution fluorescence in glioblastoma. Bestard Escalas, J; Brell Doval, M; Delgado Sánchez, O; Garfias Arjona, S; Ibáñez Domínguez, JÁ; Lara Almunia, M; Maimó Barceló, A; Pierola Lopetegui, J; Villalonga, P; Villalonga-Planells, R, 2019)	1.53
"5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has recently been employed for photodynamic diagnosis (ALA-PDD) and photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) of various types of cancer because hyperproliferating tumor cells do not utilize oxidative phosphorylation and do not efficiently produce heme; instead, they accumulate protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which is a precursor of heme that is activated by violet light irradiation that results in the production of red fluorescence and singlet oxygen. "	( Mechanistic study of PpIX accumulation using the JFCR39 cell panel revealed a role for dynamin 2-mediated exocytosis. Dan, S; Ishii, T; Ishizuka, M; Kitajima, Y; Kohda, T; Nakajima, M; Nishimura, Y; Tanaka, T; Yamazaki, K, 2019)	1.24
"Five-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has received much attention recently as a new-generation photosensitive substance for photodynamic diagnosis (PDD). "	( Photodynamic diagnosis using 5-aminolevulinic acid during gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Fukuhara, H; Hanazaki, K; Inoue, K; Kitagawa, H; Kobayashi, M; Maeda, H; Namikawa, T; Shiga, M; Shuin, T; Uemura, S, 2014)	1.2
"5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been used for the last 5 years to increase the extent of resection in adult brain tumors, mostly glioblastomas, but it is not approved yet as standard adjuvant treatment in the pediatric population. "	( 5-ALA fluorescence-assisted surgery in pediatric brain tumors: report of three cases and review of the literature. Albanese, V; Barbagallo, GM; Certo, F; Heiss, K, 2014)	1.12
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been suggested for improving plant salt tolerance via exogenous application. "	( Study on salt tolerance with YHem1 transgenic canola (Brassica napus). Feng, XX; Li, C; Sun, XE; Wang, LJ; Zhang, ZP, 2015)	1.14
"5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been established as an intraoperative tool in malignant glioma surgery."	( The current status of 5-ALA fluorescence-guided resection of intracranial meningiomas-a critical review. Crane, LM; Groen, RJ; Jeltema, HR; Metzemaekers, JD; Motekallemi, A; van Dam, GM, 2015)	0.98
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been widely used in photodynamic therapy and immunofluorescence of tumours. "	( The proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter 1 plays a major role in the intestinal permeability and absorption of 5-aminolevulinic acid. Hu, Y; Smith, DE; Xie, Y, 2016)	1.37
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has recently attracted attention for its potential applications in the fields of medicine and agriculture. "	( Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for efficient production of 5-aminolevulinic acid. Chen, T; Feng, L; Fu, J; Mao, Y; Wang, Z; Zhang, Y; Zhao, X, 2016)	1.38
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has become an integral part in the neurosurgical treatment of malignant glioma. "	( 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Accumulation in a Cerebral Infarction Mimicking High-Grade Glioma. Behling, F; Bornemann, A; Hennersdorf, F; Skardelly, M; Tatagiba, M, 2016)	1.88
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been approved as an intraoperative adjunct in glioma surgery in Europe, but not North America. "	( The role of 5-aminolevulinic acid in enhancing surgery for high-grade glioma, its current boundaries, and future perspectives: A systematic review. Bernstein, M; Hachem, LD; Klironomos, G; Mansouri, A; Mansouri, S; Vogelbaum, MA; Zadeh, G, 2016)	1.52
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been at the forefront of small molecule based fluorescence-guided tumor resection and photodynamic therapy. "	( Tunable phosphatase-sensitive stable prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid for tumor fluorescence photodetection. Allémann, E; Ateb, I; Babič, A; Herceg, V; Lange, N, 2016)	1.41
"5-Aminolevulinic acid has been used successfully to facilitate resection of adult malignant gliomas. "	( Use of 5-aminolevulinic acid for visualization and resection of a benign pediatric brain tumor. Liu, J; Ruge, JR, 2009)	1.49
"5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has gained importance as an intraoperative photodynamic diagnostic agent for the extirpation of malignant gliomas. "	( Intraoperative 5-aminolevulinic-acid-induced fluorescence in meningiomas. Coluccia, D; Cordovi, S; Fandino, J; Fujioka, M; Landolt, H; Muroi, C, 2010)	1.08
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been used as a photodynamic sensitizer for cancer treatment using photodynamic therapy. "	( Apoptosis of SAS cells induced by sonodynamic therapy using 5-aminolevulinic acid sonosensitizer. Cao, W; Cui, H; Song, W; Zhang, R; Zheng, J, 2011)	1.33
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been successfully used to confirm the target tumor tissues obtained during stereotactic biopsy. "	( Use of 5-aminolevulinic acid for the confirmation of deep-seated brain tumors during stereotactic biopsy. Report of 2 cases. Dehara, M; Imakita, M; Moriuchi, S; Soda, T; Taneda, M; Teramoto, Y; Yamada, K, 2011)	1.51
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has already been applied clinically as a photosensitizer. "	( Sonodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid and focused ultrasound for deep-seated intracranial glioma in rat. Fukushima, T; Inoue, T; Kuroki, M; Ohmura, T; Sasaki, K; Shibaguchi, H; Umemura, S; Yoshizawa, S, 2011)	1.39
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has recently attracted significant attentions due to its potential applications in many diverse fields. "	( Metabolic engineering to improve 5-aminolevulinic acid production. Kang, Z; Qi, Q; Wang, Q; Wang, Y, )	1.13
"Five-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been shown to accumulate in malignant tumor tissue."	( Strong 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced fluorescence is a novel intraoperative marker for representative tissue samples in stereotactic brain tumor biopsies. Di Ieva, A; Furtner, J; Hainfellner, JA; Kiesel, B; Knosp, E; Marosi, C; Mert, A; Minchev, G; Prayer, D; Preusser, M; Tomanek, B; Widhalm, G; Woehrer, A; Wolfsberger, S, 2012)	1.25
"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has shown promising in photodynamic detection and therapy of brain tumor. "	( Protoporphyrin IX production and its photodynamic effects on glioma cells, neuroblastoma cells and normal cerebellar granule cells in vitro with 5-aminolevulinic acid and its hexylester. Chen, JY; Peng, Q; Ren, QG; Wu, SM; Zhou, MO, 2003)	1.24
"Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been shown to be the drug with most experimental and clinical use in the past."	( Fluorescence diagnosis and photodynamic therapy in dermatology from experimental state to clinic standard methods. Fritsch, C; Ruzicka, T, 2006)	1.06
"Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has demonstrated highest efficacy in topical PDT, and has become the most clinically useful."	( Aminolevulinic acid (Levulan) in photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses. Fritsch, C; Lang, K; Ruzicka, T; Schulte, KW, 2001)	2.47

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) plays an important role in the fields of medicine and agriculture. "	( [Engineering the C4 pathway of Corynebacterium glutamicum for efficient production of 5-aminolevulinic acid]. Li, H; Rao, Z; Shao, M; Wang, L; Xu, M; Yan, S; Yang, T; Zhang, X, 2021)	1.56

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Aminolevulinic acid-PDT spot treatment using a 3-hour occluded incubation was superior to VEH-PDT for AK lesion clearance of the upper extremity."	( A Randomized, Vehicle-Controlled Phase 3 Study of Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Actinic Keratoses on the Upper Extremities. Brian Jiang, SI; Houlihan, A; Kempers, S; Marcus, S; Pariser, D; Piacquadio, D; Rich, P, 2019)	2.21
"5-Aminolevulinic acid /PDT-treated GB spheroids attracted DCs that acquired tumour antigens from the spheroids effectively. "	( Heat-shock protein 70-dependent dendritic cell activation by 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic treatment of human glioblastoma spheroids in vitro. Börger, V; Bünemann, E; Etminan, N; Hänggi, D; Lakbir, D; Peters, C; Sabel, MC; Sorg, RV; Steiger, HJ; Stummer, W, 2011)	1.33
"Pretreatment with aminolevulinic acid or with protoporphyrin IX dramatically increased the light sensitivity of both TRPA1 and TRPV1 via generation of reactive oxygen species."	( Photosensitization in Porphyrias and Photodynamic Therapy Involves TRPA1 and TRPV1. Babes, A; Filipovic, M; Fischer, MJ; Kichko, TI; Moparthi, L; Namer, B; Neacsu, C; Reeh, PW; Sauer, SK; Zygmunt, PM, 2016)	0.76

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The significance of these findings reveals itself in two ways: namely, that toxicologic investigations of lead and cadmium, whether experimental or clinical, must be based on a definitive consideration of the nutritional status of animals or people, and, secondly, that the preventive role of nutrition, especially that of trace metal intakes, must be taken seriously when establishing measures for reducing, eliminating, or combatting the toxic effects of widespread exposure to lead and cadmium in humans."	( Some observations on the interaction of zinc, copper, and iron metabolism in lead and cadmium toxicity. Petering, HG, 1978)	0.26
" Only ALA (10 microM) and glutamic acid (1 mM) were toxic towards neurons in culture, as measured by cell survival after 5 days' exposure."	( [Mechanism of delta-aminolevulinic acid neurotoxicity]. Lamm, MC; McCarthy, BW; Neethling, AC; Percy, VA; Taljaard, JJ; Truter, L, 1981)	0.59
"Exposure to toxic chemicals may result in alterations of red cell function."	( Chemical toxicity of red cells. Piomelli, S, 1981)	0.26
" However, the porphyrin precursor delta-aminolevulinic acid (delta-ALA) is not toxic up to millimolar concentrations within a 30-h time period."	( Some aspects of porphyrin neurotoxicity in vitro. Kennedy, JC; Riopelle, RJ, 1982)	0.53
" However, results obtained with dispersed cells in culture may not necessarily reflect the situation in vivo where the cell may have a far greater resistance to the effects of toxic agents."	( delta-Aminolaevulinic acid uptake, toxicity, and effect on [14C]gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake into neurons and glia in culture. Lamm, MC; Percy, VA; Taljaard, JJ, 1981)	0.26
" Lead from CDARB sediment accumulated more readily in duckling blood and liver than reported in goslings, but at given concentrations was generally less toxic to ducklings."	( Developmental toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment to mallard ducklings. Audet, DJ; Campbell, JK; Heinz, GH; Hoffman, DJ; LeCaptain, LJ; Sileo, L, 2000)	0.31
" This study demonstrates that ALA-induced PDT provides safe and effective ablation therapy for Barrett's esophagus and is particularly useful against dysplasia."	( Aminolevulinic acid-induced photodynamic therapy: safe and effective ablation of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Ackroyd, R; Brown, NJ; Davis, MF; Reed, MW; Stephenson, TJ; Stoddard, CJ, 2000)	1.75
" We compared experimentally the photodynamic effect (light-toxic) and the side effect (dark-toxic) of the clinically attractive photosensitizers 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and protoporphyrin IX (PP IX)."	( Light irradiation increases embryotoxicity of photodynamic therapy sensitizers (5-aminolevulinic acid and protoporphyrin IX) in chick embryos. Klepácek, I; Peterka, M, )	0.56
"In order to expand our knowledge of zinc toxicity and to assess further the toxicities of zinc systematically, we observed the toxic effects of zinc on the functions of various tissues and organs in rats."	( Subacute toxic effects of zinc on various tissues and organs of rats. Ma, N; Piao, F; Yamauchi, T; Yokoyama, K, 2003)	0.32
"No serious adverse events were observed."	( Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmocodynamics of recombinant human porphobilinogen deaminase in healthy subjects and asymptomatic carriers of the acute intermittent porphyria gene who have increased porphyrin precursor excretion. Andersson, DE; Harper, P; Rejkjaer, L; Sardh, E, 2007)	0.34
"The recombinant human porphobilinogen deaminase enzyme preparation was found to be safe to administer and effective for removal of the accumulated metabolite porphobilinogen from plasma and urine."	( Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmocodynamics of recombinant human porphobilinogen deaminase in healthy subjects and asymptomatic carriers of the acute intermittent porphyria gene who have increased porphyrin precursor excretion. Andersson, DE; Harper, P; Rejkjaer, L; Sardh, E, 2007)	0.34
" This method of enhancement was safely applied to a clinical PDT protocol with no unexpected adverse effects reported."	( Enhancement of methyl-aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy by iron chelation with CP94: an in vitro investigation and clinical dose-escalating safety study for the treatment of nodular basal cell carcinoma. Campbell, S; Curnow, A; Pye, A, 2008)	0.35
" Further characterization of the transport system for uroporphyrin in this model is expected to benefit not only our understanding of the cellular mechanism for disposal of toxic soluble wastes but also potentially the effective management of human uroporphyria and the use of uroporphyric Leishmania for vaccine/drug delivery."	( Transgenic Leishmania model for delta-aminolevulinate-inducible monospecific uroporphyria: cytolytic phototoxicity initiated by singlet oxygen-mediated inactivation of proteins and its ablation by endosomal mobilization of cytosolic uroporphyrin. Chang, KP; Dutta, S; Kolli, BK; Sassa, S; Tang, A, 2008)	0.35
"The primary objective of this augmental, prospective, uncontrolled phase II multicentre trial was to assess adverse events (AE) associated with malignant glioma resection using 5-aminolevulinic (5-ALA)."	( Favorable outcome in the elderly cohort treated by concomitant temozolomide radiochemotherapy in a multicentric phase II safety study of 5-ALA. Kern, BC; Krex, D; Mehdorn, HM; Nestler, U; Pichlmeier, U; Stockhammer, F; Stummer, W; Vince, GH, 2011)	0.37
"Combination of surgical curettage and topical PDT has been proven to be a safe and effective procedure, and may offer a wide clinical application for the treatment of perianal condyloma acuminata."	( Treatment of perianal condyloma acuminate with topical ALA-PDT combined with curettage: outcome and safety. Cheng, QH; He, Y; Lei, X; Lu, YG; Wu, JJ; Yang, W; Yang, YD, 2012)	0.38
" Hypotension and alteration of liver functions have been reported as potential adverse effects."	( Risk factors for developing oral 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced side effects in patients undergoing fluorescence guided resection. Chung, IW; Eljamel, S, 2013)	0.67
" Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is promising as it is known to ablate more proximal gastrointestinal mucosa with safe healing, without damage to underlying muscle."	( Safe ablation of the anal mucosa and perianal skin in rats using Photodynamic Therapy--a promising approach for treating Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Abbasakoor, F; Boulos, P; Bown, S; Farooqui, N; MacRobert, A; Novelli, M; Woodhams, J, 2013)	0.39
"ALA-PDT can ablate anal mucosa and peri-anal skin with safe healing and no underlying damage."	( Safe ablation of the anal mucosa and perianal skin in rats using Photodynamic Therapy--a promising approach for treating Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Abbasakoor, F; Boulos, P; Bown, S; Farooqui, N; MacRobert, A; Novelli, M; Woodhams, J, 2013)	0.39
" Over the following 2 years, some investigators noted and formally reported the continued occurrence of serious adverse events in excess of those described with other approved cutaneous PDT treatments."	( Prolonged adverse events following photodynamic therapy: regulatory implications. Anderson, SJ; Dixon, AJ; Mazzurco, JD; Steinman, HK, 2014)	0.4
" It is of concern that this ALA product and lamp could be promoted and used widely in Australia following these reports of significant adverse events and continued lack of TGA approval."	( Prolonged adverse events following photodynamic therapy: regulatory implications. Anderson, SJ; Dixon, AJ; Mazzurco, JD; Steinman, HK, 2014)	0.4
" Between 41% and 58% of the patients had at least 1 adverse event (AE), although predominantly mild to moderate."	( Safety of hexaminolevulinate for blue light cystoscopy in bladder cancer. A combined analysis of the trials used for registration and postmarketing data. Chang, SS; Gomella, LG; Grossman, HB; Stenzl, A; Witjes, JA; Zaak, D, 2014)	0.4
"This combined and detailed analysis of patients from 6 HAL-BLC studies with very comparable criteria shows that HAL-BLC is safe and poses very little additional risks other than expected for WL cystoscopy for bladder tumor resection in this specific patient population."	( Safety of hexaminolevulinate for blue light cystoscopy in bladder cancer. A combined analysis of the trials used for registration and postmarketing data. Chang, SS; Gomella, LG; Grossman, HB; Stenzl, A; Witjes, JA; Zaak, D, 2014)	0.4
" Twenty-six patients (37%) reported 44 adverse events (AEs), of which 40 were mild or moderate."	( Efficacy and safety of hexaminolevulinate photodynamic therapy in patients with low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Ardaens, K; Collinet, P; Dannecker, C; Gallwas, J; Hillemanns, P; Luyten, A; Petry, KU; Soergel, P, 2014)	0.4
" The data was obtained that co-administration of Pb with NPs of SiO2 and TiO2 led to changes in a number of indicators that can be interpreted as a slight increase in the toxic effect of the tested substances."	( [Influence of titanium dioxide and silica nanoparticles on accumulation and toxicity of lead in experiments with intragastric co-administration]. Gmoshinskiĭ, IV; Khotimchenko, SA; Mustaphina, OK; Shumakova, AA; Soto, SKh; Trushina, ÉN, 2014)	0.4
" All patients were able to complete the treatment protocol, with well cosmetic results and no moderate adverse reactions."	( Efficacy and safety of topical ALA-PDT in the treatment of EMPD. Fan, DL; Gao, Y; Lu, YG; Wang, HL; Wang, WS; Yang, Y; Zhang, XC, 2015)	0.42
" Only a few patients expressed mild adverse effects."	( Daylight photodynamic therapy with 1.5% 3-butenyl 5-aminolevulinate gel as a convenient, effective and safe therapy in acne treatment: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Kwon, HH; Lee, JB; Moon, KR; Park, SY; Suh, DH; Yoon, JY, 2016)	0.43
"Regarding safety, the adverse drug reactions were observed as grade 1 pruritus in 1 patient (0."	( The clinical trial on the safety and effectiveness of the photodynamic diagnosis of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer using fluorescent light-guided cystoscopy after oral administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). Azuma, H; Fujimoto, K; Hirao, Y; Inoue, K; Ito, YM; Matsubara, A; Matsuyama, H; Mimata, H; Nagase, Y; Oyama, M; Ozono, S; Shiina, H; Shuin, T; Sugimura, Y; Ueno, M; Watanabe, H, 2016)	0.62
"ALA-PDD was shown to be safe and effective."	( The clinical trial on the safety and effectiveness of the photodynamic diagnosis of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer using fluorescent light-guided cystoscopy after oral administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). Azuma, H; Fujimoto, K; Hirao, Y; Inoue, K; Ito, YM; Matsubara, A; Matsuyama, H; Mimata, H; Nagase, Y; Oyama, M; Ozono, S; Shiina, H; Shuin, T; Sugimura, Y; Ueno, M; Watanabe, H, 2016)	0.62
" No severe adverse effects were reported."	( Safety and Efficacy of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid for High Grade Glioma in Usual Clinical Practice: A Prospective Cohort Study. Arráez, MÁ; Garcia, R; González, JJ; Montané, E; Rimbau, J; Tardáguila, M; Teixidor, P; Vidal, X; Villalba, G, 2016)	0.74
" Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were experienced by 100% of the BF-200 ALA group and 69% of the placebo group."	( A randomized, double-blind, phase III, multicentre study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of BF-200 ALA (Ameluz(®) ) vs. placebo in the field-directed treatment of mild-to-moderate actinic keratosis with photodynamic therapy (PDT) when using the BF-Rho Aschoff, R; Berking, C; Dirschka, T; Hahn, S; Jäger, A; Lau, K; Lübbert, H; Ostendorf, R; Philipp-Dormston, WG; Reinhold, U; Schmitz, B; Szeimies, RM, 2016)	0.43
"The combined treatment of topical ALA-PDT and curettage was proven to be safe and effective in lip florid papillomatosis."	( Treatment of lip florid papillomatosis with topical ALA-PDT combined with curettage: Outcome and safety. Gao, Y; Liu, J; Lu, YG; Wang, HL; Wang, WS, 2016)	0.43
" The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of antihistamines upon adverse effects following ALA-PDT."	( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the role of systemic antihistamine therapy for the reduction of adverse effects associated with topical 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy. Goldman, MP; Jones, IT; Vanaman Wilson, MJ; Wu, DC, 2017)	0.65
"Local ALA-PDT combined with antibiotics is a safe and effective method of treating atypical mycobacterial skin infections."	( ALA-PDT combined with antibiotics for the treatment of atypical mycobacterial skin infections: Outcomes and safety. Gong, N; Huang, X; Lei, X; Lu, W; Qin, Q; Sun, K; Yang, H, 2017)	0.46
" However, adverse events occur during and after treatment."	( A new optical intra-tissue fiber irradiation ALA-PDT in the treatment of acne vulgaris in rabbit model: improved safety and tolerability. Chen, J; Duan, X; Huang, X; Jiang, C; Lin, X; Liu, W; Wang, Q, )	0.13
" Uncomfortable symptoms, adverse events, and effectiveness rates were recorded on post-treatment day 14, 30, and 45."	( A new optical intra-tissue fiber irradiation ALA-PDT in the treatment of acne vulgaris in rabbit model: improved safety and tolerability. Chen, J; Duan, X; Huang, X; Jiang, C; Lin, X; Liu, W; Wang, Q, )	0.13
" The adverse event rate in OFI-ALA-PDT group was obviously lower than that of the ALA-PDT group (P<0."	( A new optical intra-tissue fiber irradiation ALA-PDT in the treatment of acne vulgaris in rabbit model: improved safety and tolerability. Chen, J; Duan, X; Huang, X; Jiang, C; Lin, X; Liu, W; Wang, Q, )	0.13
" None of the 12 adverse events during surveillance were serious."	( Efficacy and Safety of Blue Light Flexible Cystoscopy with Hexaminolevulinate in the Surveillance of Bladder Cancer: A Phase III, Comparative, Multicenter Study. Bivalacqua, T; Daneshmand, S; DeCastro, J; Downs, T; Huang, W; Jones, J; Jones, JS; Kamat, A; Konety, B; Lotan, Y; O'Donnell, M; Patel, S; Pohar, K; Resnick, M; Schoenberg, M; Steinberg, G; Trabulsi, E; Woods, M, 2018)	0.48
"Office based blue light flexible cystoscopy significantly improves the detection of patients with recurrent bladder cancer and it is safe when used for surveillance."	( Efficacy and Safety of Blue Light Flexible Cystoscopy with Hexaminolevulinate in the Surveillance of Bladder Cancer: A Phase III, Comparative, Multicenter Study. Bivalacqua, T; Daneshmand, S; DeCastro, J; Downs, T; Huang, W; Jones, J; Jones, JS; Kamat, A; Konety, B; Lotan, Y; O'Donnell, M; Patel, S; Pohar, K; Resnick, M; Schoenberg, M; Steinberg, G; Trabulsi, E; Woods, M, 2018)	0.48
" Mild or moderate adverse effects were similar for both groups."	( Effectiveness and safety of 0·5% colchicine cream vs. photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolaevulinate in the treatment of actinic keratosis and skin field cancerization of the forearms: a randomized controlled trial. Abbade, LPF; Ferreira, ER; Lima, TRR; Miola, AC; Miot, HA; Schmitt, JV, 2018)	0.48
"COL 0·5% cream and MAL-PDT are safe and effective for treating SFC."	( Effectiveness and safety of 0·5% colchicine cream vs. photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolaevulinate in the treatment of actinic keratosis and skin field cancerization of the forearms: a randomized controlled trial. Abbade, LPF; Ferreira, ER; Lima, TRR; Miola, AC; Miot, HA; Schmitt, JV, 2018)	0.48
" Thus, in this review, we evaluate the mechanisms of action and adverse effects of common medications used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as 5-ALA including its mechanism and possible use in diabetes management."	( Safety and Mode of Action of Diabetes Medications in comparison with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA). Iftikhar, H; Jabbar, Z; Nakajima, M; Rehani, PR; Rehani, RN; Tanaka, T, 2019)	0.75
"This study was designed to compare the efficacy, the adverse effects and the costs of 10 % and 20 % ALA-PDT for AK treatment."	( Comparison of efficacy, adverse effects and costs between 20 % ALA-PDT and 10 % ALA-PDT for the treatment of actinic keratosis in Chinese patients. Cao, Z; Shi, L; Wang, P; Wang, X; Zhang, G; Zhang, L; Zho, Z; Zhu, L, 2020)	0.56
"We reviewed the records of patients who had received ALA-PDT in our department between January 1, 2012, and April 30, 2017, the efficacy, the adverse effects were recorded, and the costs were analyzed."	( Comparison of efficacy, adverse effects and costs between 20 % ALA-PDT and 10 % ALA-PDT for the treatment of actinic keratosis in Chinese patients. Cao, Z; Shi, L; Wang, P; Wang, X; Zhang, G; Zhang, L; Zho, Z; Zhu, L, 2020)	0.56
"A total of 59 AK patients' records were analyzed for the efficacy, the adverse events, the recurrence and the costs."	( Comparison of efficacy, adverse effects and costs between 20 % ALA-PDT and 10 % ALA-PDT for the treatment of actinic keratosis in Chinese patients. Cao, Z; Shi, L; Wang, P; Wang, X; Zhang, G; Zhang, L; Zho, Z; Zhu, L, 2020)	0.56
"10 % ALA-PDT has similar efficacy and adverse effects as 20 % ALA-PDT with lower costs."	( Comparison of efficacy, adverse effects and costs between 20 % ALA-PDT and 10 % ALA-PDT for the treatment of actinic keratosis in Chinese patients. Cao, Z; Shi, L; Wang, P; Wang, X; Zhang, G; Zhang, L; Zho, Z; Zhu, L, 2020)	0.56
" Any adverse event occurring during/after ALA application/irradiation as well as pain intensity were recorded at each visit."	( Efficacy and safety of conventional versus daylight photodynamic therapy in children affected by multiple facial flat warts. Borgia, F; Cannavò, SP; Coppola, M; Giuffrida, R; Guarneri, F; Princiotta, R; Vaccaro, M, 2020)	0.56
"ALA-PDT is effective and safe for FFWs, with striking cosmetic results and no recurrence."	( Efficacy and safety of conventional versus daylight photodynamic therapy in children affected by multiple facial flat warts. Borgia, F; Cannavò, SP; Coppola, M; Giuffrida, R; Guarneri, F; Princiotta, R; Vaccaro, M, 2020)	0.56
" ALA-related adverse effects included vomiting (seven cases), hypotension (seven cases, two of which were severe), and liver toxicity (four cases)."	( Real-world experience with 5-aminolevulinic acid for the photodynamic diagnosis of bladder cancer: Diagnostic accuracy and safety. Fukuhara, H; Inoue, K; Karashima, T; Yamamoto, S, 2020)	0.85
" Three adverse events were considered related to the drug; however, these had no significant correlation with the drug concentration or application time."	( Photodetection and Safety of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Induced Porphyrin in Patients With Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Bai, W; Cao, F; Chen, R; Cui, Y; Dong, Y; Shi, Y; Tao, J; Xu, J; Zhao, J; Zhao, X, 2021)	0.91
"5-ALA at 10%-30% concentration is safe in patients with CIN."	( Photodetection and Safety of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Induced Porphyrin in Patients With Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Bai, W; Cao, F; Chen, R; Cui, Y; Dong, Y; Shi, Y; Tao, J; Xu, J; Zhao, J; Zhao, X, 2021)	0.91
" This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-PDT in VEN treatment with a long-term follow-up."	( Safety and effectiveness of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy combined with fractional micro-plasma radio-frequency treatment for verrucous epidermal nevus: A retrospective study with long-term follow-up. Chen, P; Dai, S; Guo, J; He, S; Huang, X; Li, Q; Shen, J; Zeng, K; Zhu, M, 2021)	1.15
"ALA-PDT was safe and partially effective in reducing DCS symptoms as an adjunct to systemic medicinal therapies."	( The efficacy and safety of 5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) as an adjunct therapy for symptoms in patients with dissecting cellulitis of the scalp: A retrospective study. Feng, H; Jin, H; Zhu, C, 2021)	0.91
" Affecting factors of the efficacy of PDT and adverse events were also assessed during treatment."	( Efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy mediated by 5-aminolevulinic acid for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2: A single-center, prospective, cohort study. Gao, X; Geng, L; Guo, H; Han, Q; Li, Y; Ma, L; Wang, Y; Wu, Z; You, K, 2021)	0.87
"PDT can be a safe and efficient treatment for CIN2."	( Efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy mediated by 5-aminolevulinic acid for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2: A single-center, prospective, cohort study. Gao, X; Geng, L; Guo, H; Han, Q; Li, Y; Ma, L; Wang, Y; Wu, Z; You, K, 2021)	0.87
" The main adverse effects in ALA-PDT treatment were mild edema and tolerable pain, and no adverse effect was observed in red-light treatment."	( Treatment of androgenetic alopecia with 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy: A randomized, placebo-controlled, split-scalp study of efficacy and safety. Cao, Z; Hu, W; Liu, X; Wang, P; Wang, X; Zhang, G; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y; Zhou, Z, 2021)	0.89
" The adverse effects of ALA-PDT were mild, which indicated safety and tolerability of this treatment."	( Treatment of androgenetic alopecia with 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy: A randomized, placebo-controlled, split-scalp study of efficacy and safety. Cao, Z; Hu, W; Liu, X; Wang, P; Wang, X; Zhang, G; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y; Zhou, Z, 2021)	0.89
" We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for clinical studies of treatment efficacy or adverse events."	( Bringing the gentle properties of daylight photodynamic therapy indoors: A systematic review of efficacy and safety. Heerfordt, IM; Philipsen, PA; Wulf, HC, 2022)	0.72
" However, its development is still restricted by low targeting, high dose and toxic side effects."	( A multimodal Metal-Organic framework based on unsaturated metal site for enhancing antitumor cytotoxicity through Chemo-Photodynamic therapy. Ding, Q; Li, B; Li, W; Liu, J; Muddassir, M; Ouyang, Q; Rao, C; Sakiyama, H; Xu, Z; Zhou, L, 2022)	0.72
" The most common adverse event was increased vaginal discharge, other side effects include abdominal pain, vulvar pruritus, and vaginal bleeding."	( Efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy mediatied by 5-aminolevulinic acid for the treatment of vaginal high-grade intraepithelial lesions. Guo, H; Han, Q; Wu, Z; Zhang, X, 2022)	0.96
"Photodynamic therapy mediatied by 5-aminolevulinic acid is an effective and safe treatment for vaginal HSIL with minimal side effects."	( Efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy mediatied by 5-aminolevulinic acid for the treatment of vaginal high-grade intraepithelial lesions. Guo, H; Han, Q; Wu, Z; Zhang, X, 2022)	1.24
" Adverse events (AEs) were recorded, and the safety of repeat use of HAL was determined by comparing the proportion of patients with AEs considered causally related to HAL in the surveillance examination compared to the OR examination."	( Safety of repeat blue light cystoscopy with hexaminolevulinate (HAL) in the management of bladder cancer: Results from a phase III, comparative, multi-center study. Bivalacqua, TJ; Daneshmand, S; DeCastro, J; Downs, T; Huang, WC; Jones, J; Jones, JS; Kamat, AM; Konety, B; Lotan, Y; O'Donnell, M; Patel, S; Pohar, KS; Resnick, MJ; Schoenberg, M; Steinberg, G; Taylor, J; Trabulsi, E; Woods, M, 2022)	0.72
"Repeat use of HAL is safe even when administered within a few weeks of receiving a dose of intravesical therapy."	( Safety of repeat blue light cystoscopy with hexaminolevulinate (HAL) in the management of bladder cancer: Results from a phase III, comparative, multi-center study. Bivalacqua, TJ; Daneshmand, S; DeCastro, J; Downs, T; Huang, WC; Jones, J; Jones, JS; Kamat, AM; Konety, B; Lotan, Y; O'Donnell, M; Patel, S; Pohar, KS; Resnick, MJ; Schoenberg, M; Steinberg, G; Taylor, J; Trabulsi, E; Woods, M, 2022)	0.72
" These treatment methods involvevarious adverse reactions; therefore, it remains necessary to explore new treatment methods."	( Enhancement of the cytotoxic effect of dihydroartemisinin in high-risk human papillomavirus-infected cells by aminolevulinic acid via the Bax/Bcl-2-caspase pathway. Che, Q; Li, C; Lu, H; Wang, Q; Zeng, K, 2022)	0.93
" The adverse reactions after PDT were mild, mainly manifested as increased vaginal secretions or burning/tingling."	( Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy in women with high-risk HPV persistent infection after cervical conization. Huang, Y; Jia, L; Liu, X; Liu, Y; Wang, L; Zhang, J; Zhang, Y, 2022)	0.98
"To evaluate which method has the best efficacy and cosmetic results with less adverse events and recurrence rate."	( Efficacy and Safety of Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Actinic Keratoses: A Meta-Analysis Update of Randomized Controlled Trials. Hu, C; Jiang, C; Lei, S; Luo, X; Sun, Y, 2023)	0.91
" Extract and analyze the data of efficacy, cosmetic results, local reactions, and adverse effects."	( Efficacy and Safety of Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Actinic Keratoses: A Meta-Analysis Update of Randomized Controlled Trials. Hu, C; Jiang, C; Lei, S; Luo, X; Sun, Y, 2023)	0.91
"Compared with other methods, PDT is significantly more effective for AK with excellent cosmetic results and reversible adverse effects."	( Efficacy and Safety of Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Actinic Keratoses: A Meta-Analysis Update of Randomized Controlled Trials. Hu, C; Jiang, C; Lei, S; Luo, X; Sun, Y, 2023)	0.91
"The ALA-PDL-PDT protocol is a safe and well-tolerated treatment option for isSCC on the face, providing excellent cosmetic and functional results."	( Evaluating the safety and efficacy of aminolevulinic acid 20% topical solution activated by pulsed dye laser and blue light in the treatment of facial cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ. Ceci, FM; Gade, A; Han, H; Lawson, A; Nestor, MS, 2023)	1.18
" Although this study suggests safe administration and the possibility of ALA improving hand grip strength in patients with sarcopenia, further investigation is required."	( Efficacy and Safety of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Combined with Iron on Skeletal Muscle Mass Index and Physical Performance of Patients with Sarcopenia: A Multicenter, Double-Blinded, Randomized-Controlled Trial (ALADDIN Study). Abe, Y; Hiyoshi, T; Inoue, I; Kaga, H; Kuribayashi, N; Seino, H; Tamura, Y; Watada, H; Yoshii, H, 2023)	1.21

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Subsequent elimination from plasma was monoexponential with a half-life of 6 +/- 1 days."	( Pharmacokinetics of PEG-L-asparaginase and plasma and cerebrospinal fluid L-asparagine concentrations in the rhesus monkey. Balis, FM; Berg, SL; Godwin, KS; McCully, CL; Poplack, DG, 1993)	0.29
" administration declined rapidly with a terminal half-life of 19."	( Pharmacokinetics of aminolevulinic acid after oral and intravenous administration in dogs. Dalton, JT; Golub, AL; Meyer, MC, 1999)	0.63
" ALA terminal half-life was approximately 45 min after intravenous or oral administration."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of 5-aminolevulinic acid in healthy volunteers and patients at high risk for recurrent bladder cancer. Dalton, JT; Golub, AL; Marcus, SL; Meyer, MC; Straughn, A; Yates, CR; Yin, D, 2002)	0.6
" Pharmacokinetic (PK) data from these individual studies were pooled and analyzed."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of the PDT photosensitizers porfimer sodium (Photofrin), 2-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a (Photochlor) and 5-ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX. Bellnier, DA; Dougherty, TJ; Greco, WR; Loewen, GM; Nava, H; Oseroff, AR, 2006)	0.33
" Using h-ALA, the peak concentration of protoporphyrin IX was achieved 20%-25% more quickly with 3- or 6-mM solutions than with ALA."	( Pharmacokinetics of the photosensitizers aminolevulinic acid and aminolevulinic acid hexylester in oro-facial tumors embedded in the chorioallantois membrane of a hen's egg. Foth, HJ; Hoppenheit, C; Hüttenberger, D; Müller-Richter, UD; Reichert, TE; Spitzer, WJ, 2006)	0.6
"Using h-ALA, the peak concentration of protoporphyrin IX, compared to ALA, is achieved 20% percent more quickly and with twice as much contrast between tumorous and healthy tissue (1:11 compared and 1:5, respectively)."	( Pharmacokinetics of the photosensitizers aminolevulinic acid and aminolevulinic acid hexylester in oro-facial tumors embedded in the chorioallantois membrane of a hen's egg. Foth, HJ; Hoppenheit, C; Hüttenberger, D; Müller-Richter, UD; Reichert, TE; Spitzer, WJ, 2006)	0.6
" The pharmacodynamic effect of the enzyme was studied through changes in plasma porphobilinogen concentrations."	( Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmocodynamics of recombinant human porphobilinogen deaminase in healthy subjects and asymptomatic carriers of the acute intermittent porphyria gene who have increased porphyrin precursor excretion. Andersson, DE; Harper, P; Rejkjaer, L; Sardh, E, 2007)	0.34
" The studies investigated the influence of patch application duration on PPIX-specific fluorescence and the pharmacokinetic properties of the 5-ALA patch."	( Fluorescence characteristics and pharmacokinetic properties of a novel self-adhesive 5-ALA patch for photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses. Ackermann, G; Birkel, M; Breuer, M; Ebeling, A; Fauteck, JD; Moor, AC; Ortland, C, 2008)	0.35
" The clearance half-life of EDTA-induced PpIX was 4-7 times longer than that of PpIX after application of ALA."	( Clearance mechanism of protoporphyrin IX from mouse skin after application of 5-aminolevulinic acid. Iani, V; Juzeniene, A; Moan, J, 2013)	0.62
" This phase I study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profile of subcutaneously (SC) administered givosiran in patients with acute intermittent porphyria, the most common AHP type."	( Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Small Interfering Ribonucleic Acid, Givosiran, in Patients With Acute Hepatic Porphyria. Agarwal, S; Clausen, VA; Goel, V; Habtemariam, BA; Kim, JB; Robbie, GJ; Simon, AR, 2020)	0.56
" To characterize systemic absorption from dermal application during PDT, ALA and its key active metabolite protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) were analyzed in 2 maximal usage pharmacokinetic trials (MUsT) in patients severely affected with actinic keratosis."	( Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Safety of a 10% Aminolevulinic Acid Hydrochloride Nanoemulsion Gel (BF-200 ALA) in Photodynamic Therapy of Patients Extensively Affected With Actinic Keratosis: Results of 2 Maximal Usage Pharmacokinetic Trials. Chahrour, O; DuBois, J; Hirt, S; Lübbert, H; Novak, B; Osenberg, K; Papusha, T; Philippi, T; Schmitz, B; Zogel, C, 2022)	0.98
" As a small interfering RNA that is selectively taken up in the liver, both the mechanism and targeted delivery create a complex relationship between givosiran pharmacokinetics (PK) and the pharmacodynamic (PD) response."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model of urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid reduction after givosiran treatment in patients with acute hepatic porphyria. Lee, J; Melch, M; Robbie, GJ, 2023)	1.16

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"This study reports our first results of ambulant photodynamic treatment with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in combination with folic acid and subsequent illumination with a noncoherent light source."	( Ambulant photodynamic therapy of superficial malignomas with 5-ALA in combination with folic acid and use of noncoherent light. Alth, G; Dobrowsky, W; Jindra, RH; Kolbabek, H; Kubin, A, 1999)	0.53
" We have investigated the effect of 5-ALA mediated PDT in combination with gamma-irradiation on the colony forming ability of several human head and neck tumour cell lines."	( Effect of photodynamic therapy in combination with ionizing radiation on human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines of the head and neck. Allman, R; Cowburn, P; Mason, M, 2000)	0.31
"For our investigation we used Balb/c mice implanted with Lewis sarcoma and irradiated with 3 Gy combined with injection of 5-ALA or Photofrin at various concentrations before irradiation."	( Radiation therapy combined with photofrin or 5-ALA: effect on Lewis sarcoma tumor lines implanted in mice. Preliminary results. Corti, L; Dühmke, E; Hofstetter, A; Jori, G; Schaffer, M; Schaffer, PM; Sotti, G, )	0.13
"In this study, the effect of lipophilic counter-ions on the permeation of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in combination with skin impregnation by phloretin and 6-ketocholestanol was evaluated."	( Influence of lipophilic counter-ions in combination with phloretin and 6-ketocholestanol on the skin permeation of 5-aminolevulinic acid. Auner, BG; Hadgraft, J; Valenta, C, 2003)	0.76
"Fluorescence spectroscopy combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX was found as a valuable tool in the diagnosis of oral premalignancy."	( Fluorescence spectroscopy combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX fluorescence in detecting oral premalignancy. El-Maaytah, M; Hopper, C; Jerjes, W; Khalil, HS; MacRobert, AJ; Salih, V; Sharwani, A, 2006)	0.86
" Cosmetically well-accepted, LP PDL PDT combined with topical therapy is the first PDT modality to achieve complete clearance with long-term follow-up as compared to controls."	( Long-pulsed dye laser-mediated photodynamic therapy combined with topical therapy for mild to severe comedonal, inflammatory, or cystic acne. Alexiades-Armenakas, M, 2006)	0.33
" Searching for new approaches, we tested a known inducer of cellular differentiation, methotrexate (MTX), in combination with ALA-PDT in LNCaP cells."	( Methotrexate used in combination with aminolaevulinic acid for photodynamic killing of prostate cancer cells. Anand, S; Chang, Y; Hasan, T; Mai, Z; Maytin, EV; Ortel, BJ; Sinha, AK, 2006)	0.33
" The study reported herein evaluated the effect on acne vulgaris of IPL alone and when IPL was combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT) using topical methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) in Asians."	( A comparative study of intense pulsed light alone and its combination with photodynamic therapy for the treatment of facial acne in Asian skin. Bjerring, P; Chan, HH; Kono, T; Shek, SY; Yeung, CK; Yu, CS, 2007)	0.34
"5% in liposomal spray and intense pulsed light (IPL) in combination with topical peeling agents (Li-PDT-PC) in acne vulgaris."	( Photodynamic therapy of acne vulgaris using 5-aminolevulinic acid 0.5% liposomal spray and intense pulsed light in combination with topical keratolytic agents. Bjerring, P; de Leeuw, J; Neumann, HA; van der Beek, N, 2010)	0.62
"5% liposomal spray and IPL in combination with topical peeling agents is safe and efficacious, even in patients with acne recalcitrant to standard therapy."	( Photodynamic therapy of acne vulgaris using 5-aminolevulinic acid 0.5% liposomal spray and intense pulsed light in combination with topical keratolytic agents. Bjerring, P; de Leeuw, J; Neumann, HA; van der Beek, N, 2010)	0.62
" Here, we characterized the response of subcutaneous syngeneic Colon26 murine colon adenocarcinoma tumors to PDT using the locally applied photosensitizer precursor aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in combination with a topical formulation of vadimezan."	( Aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy combined with topically applied vascular disrupting agent vadimezan leads to enhanced antitumor responses. Becker, T; Bellnier, D; Marrero, A; Morgan, J; Sunar, U, )	1.77
"• To discuss how the development of new generation flexible ureterorenoscopes in combination with photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) improves the assessment of urothelial cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UUT-UCC)."	( Potential role of photodynamic techniques combined with new generation flexible ureterorenoscopes and molecular markers for the management of urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Audenet, F; Cussenot, O; Rouprêt, M; Traxer, O; Yates, DR, 2012)	0.38
" • The traditional pitfalls of UUT-UCC diagnosis, namely poor visualisation and difficulty in obtaining representative histological samples, are being circumvented by the introduction of modern digital flexible ureteroscopes that can be combined with PDD and molecular analysis to improve tumour classification, deferring to conservative treatment accordingly."	( Potential role of photodynamic techniques combined with new generation flexible ureterorenoscopes and molecular markers for the management of urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Audenet, F; Cussenot, O; Rouprêt, M; Traxer, O; Yates, DR, 2012)	0.38
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcome and safety of topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) with aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) combined with surgical curettage for perianal condyloma acuminata."	( Treatment of perianal condyloma acuminate with topical ALA-PDT combined with curettage: outcome and safety. Cheng, QH; He, Y; Lei, X; Lu, YG; Wu, JJ; Yang, W; Yang, YD, 2012)	0.59
"In this study, 40 cases of perianal condyloma acuminata were treated with topical aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) combined with curettage."	( Treatment of perianal condyloma acuminate with topical ALA-PDT combined with curettage: outcome and safety. Cheng, QH; He, Y; Lei, X; Lu, YG; Wu, JJ; Yang, W; Yang, YD, 2012)	0.6
"To investigate the efficacy, adverse reaction and prognosis of liquid nitrogen freezing combined with 5-aminolaevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) in the treatment of condyloma acuminatum in men."	( [Liquid nitrogen freezing combined with 5-aminolaevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy for condyloma acuminatum in men]. Li, CT; Song, QH; Wang, J, 2012)	0.38
"We collected medical histories and conducted physical examinations for 35 male patients with condyloma acuminatum in the outpatient department, and treated them by liquid nitrogen freezing combined with ALA-PDT every 7-10 days."	( [Liquid nitrogen freezing combined with 5-aminolaevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy for condyloma acuminatum in men]. Li, CT; Song, QH; Wang, J, 2012)	0.38
"Liquid nitrogen freezing combined with ALA-PDT is better than either liquid nitrogen freezing or ALA-PDT alone for the treatment of condyloma acuminatum in men."	( [Liquid nitrogen freezing combined with 5-aminolaevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy for condyloma acuminatum in men]. Li, CT; Song, QH; Wang, J, 2012)	0.38
" In order to assist in optimizing treatment, we applied 5-ALA/PDT in combination with low-dose cisplatin to evaluate cytotoxicity in Hela cells."	( Synergistic anticancer activity of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in combination with low-dose cisplatin on Hela cells. Liu, AH; Ma, HQ; Wei, XQ; Zhang, YZ, 2013)	0.66
" In addition, it was confirmed that exposure of Hela cells to 5-ALA/PDT in combination with low-dose cisplatin resulted in more apoptosis in vitro."	( Synergistic anticancer activity of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in combination with low-dose cisplatin on Hela cells. Liu, AH; Ma, HQ; Wei, XQ; Zhang, YZ, 2013)	0.66
"Our findings suggest that administration of 5-ALA/PDT in combination with the low-dose cisplatin may be an effective and feasible therapy for cervical cancer."	( Synergistic anticancer activity of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in combination with low-dose cisplatin on Hela cells. Liu, AH; Ma, HQ; Wei, XQ; Zhang, YZ, 2013)	0.66
" HO-1 expression induced by 5-ALA combined with SFC (5-ALA/SFC) was partially inhibited by MEK/ERK and p38 MAPK inhibitor."	( 5-Aminolevulinic acid combined with ferrous iron enhances the expression of heme oxygenase-1. Abe, F; Fujino, M; Ishii, T; Ishizuka, M; Ito, H; Li, XK; Nagahara, Y; Nakajima, M; Nishio, Y; Takahashi, K; Taketani, S; Tanaka, T; Zhao, M, 2014)	1.12
"Our previous study showed successful treatment of a large oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH) with topical 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy combined with cryotherapy (ALA-PDT)."	( Successful treatment of oral verrucous hyperplasia with photodynamic therapy combined with cryotherapy--report of 3 cases. Chang, YC; Yu, CH, 2014)	0.62
" The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of topical PDT using aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) combined with excision in the treatment of skin malignant tumor and its role in surgical improvements."	( Efficacy of topical ALA-PDT combined with excision in the treatment of skin malignant tumor. Gao, Y; Li, GL; Lu, YG; Wang, YY; Yang, Y; Yang, YD; Zhang, JB; Zhang, XC, 2014)	0.63
" We treated one case of chromoblastomycosis by photodynamic therapy (PDT) of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) irradiation combined with terbinafine 250 mg a day."	( Photodynamic therapy combined with terbinafine against chromoblastomycosis and the effect of PDT on Fonsecaea monophora in vitro. Hamblin, MR; Hu, Y; Huang, X; Lu, S; Mylonakis, E; Xi, L; Zhang, J, 2015)	0.64
" In this study, we evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of aminolevulinic acid (ALA) as a photosensitizer (ALA-PDT) in combination with CO2 laser in the treatment of Bowen's disease (BD; intraepithelial squamous cell carcinoma)."	( Photodynamic therapy in combination with CO2 laser for the treatment of Bowen's disease. Cai, H; Li, Q; Li, YL; Liu, W; Liu, XY; Sun, P; Wang, YX; Yang, ZY; Zheng, JC, 2015)	0.66
" However, there have been few previous in vivo investigations of the relative potency and methodology of fractional radiofrequency (RF) combined with sonophoresis."	( Fractional radiofrequency combined with sonophoresis to facilitate skin penetration of 5-aminolevulinic acid. Bae, MI; Jeong, KH; Kim, NI; Lee, SJ; Park, JM; Shin, MK, 2016)	0.66
"The PDT combined with a topical photosensitizer 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and an intravenously injected light-sensitive agent hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) was used to treat 26 patients with 41 skin cancer lesions in head and face."	( A photodynamic therapy combined with topical 5-aminolevulinic acid and systemic hematoporphyrin derivative is more efficient but less phototoxic for cancer. Lin, Y; Wang, Y; Zhang, HG; Zhu, J, 2016)	0.94
"This article describes the case of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy (ALA-PDT) via self-retaining laryngoscope under general anesthesia combined with CO2 Laser Therapy in the treatment of three patients with juvenile laryngeal papilloma."	( 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy combined with CO2 laser therapy in treatment of laryngeal papilloma: Case report. Huang, Z; Yang, Y; Zhang, Y; Zou, X, 2016)	1.43
" So we used surgery combined with topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) to treat SCC of the lip."	( Surgery combined with topical photodynamic therapy for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip. Lu, Y; Wang, Y; Yang, Y, 2016)	0.43
" The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcome and safety of PDT with aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) combined with surgical curettage for lip florid papillomatosis."	( Treatment of lip florid papillomatosis with topical ALA-PDT combined with curettage: Outcome and safety. Gao, Y; Liu, J; Lu, YG; Wang, HL; Wang, WS, 2016)	0.66
"In this study, 4 cases of lip florid papillomatosis were treated with topical aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) combined with curettage."	( Treatment of lip florid papillomatosis with topical ALA-PDT combined with curettage: Outcome and safety. Gao, Y; Liu, J; Lu, YG; Wang, HL; Wang, WS, 2016)	0.66
" In the present study, we investigated the effects of ALA combined with sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) on obesity and glucose intolerance in diet-induced obese mice."	( 5-aminolevulinic acid combined with ferrous ion reduces adiposity and improves glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice via enhancing mitochondrial function. Fukuhara, H; Hara, T; Inoue, K; Ishizuka, M; Kamiya, A; Kitajima, Y; Koda, A; Kuroda, Y; Nakagawa, H; Nakajima, M; Ota, U; Shuin, T; Tanaka, T; Tsuda, M; Tsuru, E, 2017)	1.18
" The DIO mice were orally administered ALA combined with SFC (ALA/SFC) for 6 weeks."	( 5-aminolevulinic acid combined with ferrous ion reduces adiposity and improves glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice via enhancing mitochondrial function. Fukuhara, H; Hara, T; Inoue, K; Ishizuka, M; Kamiya, A; Kitajima, Y; Koda, A; Kuroda, Y; Nakagawa, H; Nakajima, M; Ota, U; Shuin, T; Tanaka, T; Tsuda, M; Tsuru, E, 2017)	1.18
" The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) combined with antibiotics for the treatment of atypical mycobacterial skin infections."	( ALA-PDT combined with antibiotics for the treatment of atypical mycobacterial skin infections: Outcomes and safety. Gong, N; Huang, X; Lei, X; Lu, W; Qin, Q; Sun, K; Yang, H, 2017)	0.69
"In this study, 4 patients with atypical mycobacterial skin infections were treated with ALA-PDT combined with antibiotic therapy."	( ALA-PDT combined with antibiotics for the treatment of atypical mycobacterial skin infections: Outcomes and safety. Gong, N; Huang, X; Lei, X; Lu, W; Qin, Q; Sun, K; Yang, H, 2017)	0.46
"Local ALA-PDT combined with antibiotics is a safe and effective method of treating atypical mycobacterial skin infections."	( ALA-PDT combined with antibiotics for the treatment of atypical mycobacterial skin infections: Outcomes and safety. Gong, N; Huang, X; Lei, X; Lu, W; Qin, Q; Sun, K; Yang, H, 2017)	0.46
"Comparison of the fluorescence intensity caused by the accumulation of PpIX in endometrial cancer xenografts in nude mice after low-dose 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) injection combined with siRNA transfection was mediated by ultrasound microbubbles and polyethyleneimine (PEI) to explore the feasibility of the ultrasound microbubble technique as transfection agents."	( Comparative Study of the Effects of Ferrochelatase-siRNA Transfection Mediated by Ultrasound Microbubbles and Polyethyleneimine in Combination with Low-dose ALA to Enhance PpIX Accumulation in Human Endometrial Cancer Xenograft Nude Mice Models. Chen, L; Gao, L; Gao, X; Huang, X; Li, N; Lin, S; Song, Y; Wang, X; Zhang, X, 2019)	0.72
" The results of combination index indicated that HBO combination with PDT synergistically inhibited A431 cells proliferation in vitro."	( Hyperbaric Oxygen Combined with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy Inhibited Human Squamous Cell Proliferation. Fang, F; Mei, LH; Yang, G, 2019)	0.79
"To investigate the safety and efficacy of wide local excision combined with aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of scrotal Paget's disease in patients of advanced age."	( Excision combined with photodynamic therapy for scrotal Paget's disease in patients aged over 60 years. Chen, M; Chen, X; Dai, Y; Li, D; Yang, Z; Zhang, X, 2020)	0.79
"44 years) with scrotal Paget's disease treated with wide local excision combined with ALA PDT and followed up from June 2014 to February 2018."	( Excision combined with photodynamic therapy for scrotal Paget's disease in patients aged over 60 years. Chen, M; Chen, X; Dai, Y; Li, D; Yang, Z; Zhang, X, 2020)	0.56
"Wide local excision combined with ALA PDT shows good clinical efficacy and a low complication rate in patients of advanced age with scrotal Paget's disease."	( Excision combined with photodynamic therapy for scrotal Paget's disease in patients aged over 60 years. Chen, M; Chen, X; Dai, Y; Li, D; Yang, Z; Zhang, X, 2020)	0.56
" The purpose of this article was to study the anti-tumor effect of ALA-PDT combined with limited excision in periocular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and its role in improving the effect of the operation."	( Ocular preservation through limited tumor excision combined with ALA-PDT in patients with periocular basal cell carcinoma. Kou, H; Li, G; Li, X; Lu, Y; Tan, L; Wang, Y; Zhang, J, 2019)	0.51
"In our study, 8 patients with periocular basal cell carcinoma were treated with topical aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) combined with surgery."	( Ocular preservation through limited tumor excision combined with ALA-PDT in patients with periocular basal cell carcinoma. Kou, H; Li, G; Li, X; Lu, Y; Tan, L; Wang, Y; Zhang, J, 2019)	0.74
"PDT in combination with limited surgery is a safe, effective and minimally-invasive approach for treating orbital BCC."	( Ocular preservation through limited tumor excision combined with ALA-PDT in patients with periocular basal cell carcinoma. Kou, H; Li, G; Li, X; Lu, Y; Tan, L; Wang, Y; Zhang, J, 2019)	0.51
"We treated 5 refractory and complex cases of chromoblastomycosis with 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) combined with oral antifungal drugs."	( Photodynamic therapy combined with antifungal drugs against chromoblastomycosis and the effect of ALA-PDT on Fonsecaea in vitro. Chen, X; Hu, Y; Liu, K; Lu, Y; Mao, Z; Qi, X; Sun, H; Wu, Z; Yang, Y; Zhou, X, 2019)	0.75
"These results provide the basis for the development of a new therapeutic approach, and ALA-PDT combined with oral antifungal drugs constitutes a promising alternative method for the treatment of refractory and complex cases of chromoblastomycosis."	( Photodynamic therapy combined with antifungal drugs against chromoblastomycosis and the effect of ALA-PDT on Fonsecaea in vitro. Chen, X; Hu, Y; Liu, K; Lu, Y; Mao, Z; Qi, X; Sun, H; Wu, Z; Yang, Y; Zhou, X, 2019)	0.51
" Photodynamic therapy combined with surgery were used in these cases and the results were satisfactory."	( Photodynamic therapy combined with dermatosurgical approach for Perifolliculitis Capitis Abscedens et Suffodiens. Cui, X; Wu, X; Xu, P; Yao, X; Zhu, J; Zhu, W, 2020)	0.56
"Local ALA-PDT combined with antibiotics could be a safe and effective treatment approach for skin ulcers with sinus tract formation."	( Evaluation of ALA-PDT combined with antibiotics for the treatment of skin ulcers with sinus tract formation: A pilot study. Bai, Y; Chen, J; Cheng, Q; Lei, X; Li, F; Li, J; Tan, Y; Wang, J, 2020)	0.56
" We reported this case and the successful treatment of photodynamic therapy combined with surgical management."	( Photodynamic therapy combined with surgical management of extensive anogenital condylomatosis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Dai, SQ; Huang, XW; Jiang, LF; Li, JP; Li, L; Wang, ML; Zeng, K, 2020)	0.56
"The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical efficacy of Mohs surgery in combination with topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) for facial basal cell carcinoma."	( Clinical efficacy of Mohs surgery combined with topical photodynamic therapy for facial basal cell carcinoma. Kou, H; Lu, Y; Wang, Y; Yang, Y; Zhang, J; Zhang, X, 2020)	0.56
"This study described the application of topical ALA-PDT combined with TPF (docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil) ICT in eleven patients treated due to locally advanced in the oral cavity."	( The use of topical ALA-photodynamic therapy combined with induction chemotherapy for locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma. Li, N; Meng, J; Wang, X; Wen, N, )	0.13
" Then ten patients with surgery experienced radical surgery alone or combined with radiotherapy except a patient with serious heart condition."	( The use of topical ALA-photodynamic therapy combined with induction chemotherapy for locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma. Li, N; Meng, J; Wang, X; Wen, N, )	0.13
" To explore the efficacy and safety of dermabrasion combined with PDT (D-PDT) for the treatment of NMSCs."	( Dermabrasion combined with photodynamic therapy: a new option for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer. Bu, W; Chen, M; Chen, X; Fang, F; He, R; Huang, K; Li, F; Luo, X; Su, J; Wei, T; Wu, L; Xie, Y; Yu, J; Yu, N; Zhang, L; Zhang, Q; Zhao, S, 2022)	0.72
" All DU models were randomly divided into four groups: Untreated group, MSCs group, ALA-PDT group, and ALA-PDT combined with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) (ALA-PDT + MSCs) group."	( Efficacy of the therapy of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy combined with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected wound in a diabetic mouse model. Huang, J; Wang, H; Wang, X; Wu, M; Wu, S; Zeng, Q, 2021)	0.91
"To evaluate the value of Wood's lamp examination combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) photodynamic therapy (PDT) to determine positive tumor margins in patients with extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) before surgery."	( The application of Wood's lamp combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid for defining tumor margins in patients with extramammary Paget's disease. Fu, B; Li, J; Lou, Y; Song, C; Zhou, P, 2021)	1.12
" In the 5-ALA-PDT group, Wood's lamp examination combined with 5-ALA-PDT was used to trace the fluorescence range, and multipoint biopsy was performed according to the pathology to determine the final excision scope."	( The application of Wood's lamp combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid for defining tumor margins in patients with extramammary Paget's disease. Fu, B; Li, J; Lou, Y; Song, C; Zhou, P, 2021)	0.88
"Wood's lamp examination combined with 5-ALA-PDT may predict tumor margins in EMPD."	( The application of Wood's lamp combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid for defining tumor margins in patients with extramammary Paget's disease. Fu, B; Li, J; Lou, Y; Song, C; Zhou, P, 2021)	0.88
" Here, we review clinical trial data on the use of photodynamic treatment combined with the sensitizing agent aminolevulinic acid 20% solution (ALA-PDT) for AK management."	( Aminolevulinic Acid 20% Solution Combined With Photodynamic Therapy for Treatment of Actinic Keratoses: A Review. Freeman, S; Gorelick, J, 2021)	2.28
" This prospective open-label observational single-arm study examined efficacy and safety of simulated daylight (SDL)-PDT using the IndoorLux® system in combination with 5-aminolevulinic acid gel (BF-200 ALA)."	( No room for pain: A prospective study showing effective and nearly pain-free treatment of actinic keratosis with simulated daylight photodynamic therapy (SDL-PDT) using the IndoorLux® System in combination with BF-200 ALA (Ameluz®). Bai-Habelski, JC; Medrano, K; Palacio, A; Reinhold, U, 2022)	0.92
" The purpose of this study was to illustrate the efficiency and safety of PDD-guided tumor excision combined with ALA-PDT in patients with extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD)."	( PDD-guided tumor excision combined with photodynamic therapy in patients with extramammary Paget's disease. Kou, H; Li, X; Lu, Y; Yang, Y; Zhao, C; Zhu, F, 2022)	0.72
"In our study, 7 cases of EMPD were treated with PDD-guided tumor excision combined with ALA-PDT."	( PDD-guided tumor excision combined with photodynamic therapy in patients with extramammary Paget's disease. Kou, H; Li, X; Lu, Y; Yang, Y; Zhao, C; Zhu, F, 2022)	0.72
" The two patients received cryotherapy combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy and experienced no relapses during follow-up."	( Cryotherapy combined with photodynamic therapy for successful treatment of condyloma acuminatum in special sites such as the nipple and the nasal vestibule: A series of two case reports. Bu, Z; He, B; Wang, W; Wu, Y; Xiang, T; Yang, Q; Ye, E, 2022)	0.97
" This study aimed to evaluate the effects of: 1) a high temperature-humidity index (THI) on the developmental competence of bovine oocytes, and 2) 5-ALA administration in combination with sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) during in vitro maturation (IVM) on bovine oocyte developmental competence evaluated at high THI."	( 5-Aminolevulinic acid combined with sodium ferrous citrate mitigates effects of heat stress on bovine oocyte developmental competence. Elgendy, O; Kitahara, G; Osawa, T; Taniguchi, S, 2022)	1.44
" We investigated the effects of aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) combined with oral acitretin during therapy of refractory CA in the anal canal."	( ALA-PDT combined with oral acitretin in the treatment of refractory condyloma acuminatum in anal canal. Chen, N; Cheng, Q; Lei, X; Li, J; Tang, H; Wu, J; Zeng, Q; Zhang, L, 2022)	1
" ALA-PDT group with 51 patients was given ALA-PDT treatment, and ALA-PDT plus acitretin group with 50 patients was given ALA-PDT treatment combined with oral acitretin."	( ALA-PDT combined with oral acitretin in the treatment of refractory condyloma acuminatum in anal canal. Chen, N; Cheng, Q; Lei, X; Li, J; Tang, H; Wu, J; Zeng, Q; Zhang, L, 2022)	0.72
"ALA-PDT combined with oral acitretin is effective and safe in the treatment of refractory CA in anal canal, and with further study may become an option for these patients."	( ALA-PDT combined with oral acitretin in the treatment of refractory condyloma acuminatum in anal canal. Chen, N; Cheng, Q; Lei, X; Li, J; Tang, H; Wu, J; Zeng, Q; Zhang, L, 2022)	0.72
" 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) can successfully treat urethral CA, however, the experience of using ALA-PDT combined with wart curettage to treat intractable urethral CA is still very limited."	( 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy combined with wart curettage treatment for intractable urethral condylomata acuminata. A case report. Chang, R; Jiang, F; Liu, Y; Zhang, C; Zhang, S; Zhang, Y, 2023)	2.25
"This article explores the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) combined with cisplatin (CDDP) on the apoptosis of human ovarian cancer cells and the mechanism of action of the combination therapy."	( Study on the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy combined with cisplatin on human ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 cells. Fan, J; Lv, H; Sun, Q; Suo, Y; Wang, Q, 2023)	1.48
"Human ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into 5-ALA/PDT group, CDDP group and combined treatment group (5-ALA/PDT combined with different concentrations of CDDP)."	( Study on the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy combined with cisplatin on human ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 cells. Fan, J; Lv, H; Sun, Q; Suo, Y; Wang, Q, 2023)	1.21
"The CCK-8 assay showed that CDDP in combination with 5-ALA/PDT significantly enhanced cytotoxicity compared to treatment with CDDP alone and that low doses of CDDP were sufficient to induce these combination effects."	( Study on the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy combined with cisplatin on human ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 cells. Fan, J; Lv, H; Sun, Q; Suo, Y; Wang, Q, 2023)	1.21
"In summary, 5-ALA/PDT combined with CDDP can effectively inhibit cell proliferation and promote apoptosis, and this combination may induce apoptosis by activating the mitochondrial pathway."	( Study on the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy combined with cisplatin on human ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 cells. Fan, J; Lv, H; Sun, Q; Suo, Y; Wang, Q, 2023)	1.21
" Hence, the study aims to find the effect of laser combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy for condyloma acuminata in the vulva, vagina, and cervix."	( Clinical observation of laser combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for female vulva condyloma acuminatum. Gao, H; Jama, AA; Lu, Y; Zhao, Z, 2023)	1.4
" All these patients were treated with laser combined with 5-ALA photodynamic therapy to observe the therapeutic effect."	( Clinical observation of laser combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for female vulva condyloma acuminatum. Gao, H; Jama, AA; Lu, Y; Zhao, Z, 2023)	1.17
"Laser combined with 5-ALA photodynamic therapy for female vulva, vagina, and cervix condyloma acuminata has a reliable curative effect, low recurrence rate, few adverse reactions, and less pain."	( Clinical observation of laser combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for female vulva condyloma acuminatum. Gao, H; Jama, AA; Lu, Y; Zhao, Z, 2023)	1.17
" This study aimed to assess the efficacy and dose dependency of ALA combined with iron in sarcopenia by measuring skeletal muscle mass index (SMI)."	( Efficacy and Safety of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Combined with Iron on Skeletal Muscle Mass Index and Physical Performance of Patients with Sarcopenia: A Multicenter, Double-Blinded, Randomized-Controlled Trial (ALADDIN Study). Abe, Y; Hiyoshi, T; Inoue, I; Kaga, H; Kuribayashi, N; Seino, H; Tamura, Y; Watada, H; Yoshii, H, 2023)	1.21
"To evaluate the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) combined with CO2 laser pretreatment (Laser+ALA-PDT) on patients with cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs)."	( Effect of topical 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy versus therapy combined with CO2 laser pretreatment for patients with cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Feng, C; Gu, L; Hong, Z; Qiu, L; Wang, L; Wei, Y; Wu, D, 2023)	1.53
"This study investigated the preventive effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid combined with sodium ferrous citrate (5-ALA/SFC) on blood-aqueous barrier (BAB) breakdown induced after anterior chamber paracentesis (ACP) in beagles."	( Oral 5-aminolevulinic acid combined with sodium ferrous citrate prevents blood-aqueous barrier breakdown after anterior chamber paracentesis in healthy beagle dogs. Ichikawa, Y; Kanai, K; Nagai, N; Okada, D; Otaka, Y; Sakai, A; Sangu, R; Tajima, K; Tomatsu, A; Yamashita, Y, 2023)	1.62

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Based on the lead concentrations found in selected tissues, our results indicate that the bioavailability of phospholipid-bound lead is similar to that of lead acetate at the 300 ppm level."	( Comparative effects of feeding lead acetate and phospholipid-bound lead on blood and tissue lead concentrations in young and adult rats. Alvarez, GH; Ku, Y; Mahaffey, KR, 1978)	0.26
" The beneficial effects of methionine may be attributed to its ability to increase the bioavailability of glutathione (GSH), useful in chelating Pb and counter-acting the toxic effects, as evidenced by restoration of the Pb-induced decrease in hepatic GSH level by treatment with methionine."	( Influence of methionine supplementation in chelation of lead in rats. Kachru, DN; Khandelwal, S; Tandon, SK, 1989)	0.28
"In order to clarify the bioavailability of lead in plasma (PbP), we performed a study on five workers in a Japanese factory manufacturing lead glass-based paints."	( Correlation between lead in plasma and other indicators of lead exposure among lead-exposed workers. Hirata, M; Kosaka, H; Miyajima, K; Tabuchi, T; Yoshida, T, 1995)	0.29
"These studies demonstrate that ALA is stable and poorly absorbed into the systemic circulation during intravesical instillation."	( Pharmacokinetics of aminolevulinic acid after intravesical administration to dogs. Dalton, JT; Golub, AL; Meyer, MC; Mukherjee, A; Tolley, EA; Young, D; Zhou, D, 1999)	0.63
" Oral bioavailability in these animals averaged 41."	( Pharmacokinetics of aminolevulinic acid after oral and intravenous administration in dogs. Dalton, JT; Golub, AL; Meyer, MC, 1999)	0.63
" Lipophilicity is one of the key parameters defining the bioavailability of a topically applied drug."	( 5-Aminolevulinic acid and its derivatives: physical chemical properties and protoporphyrin IX formation in cultured cells. Juillerat-Jeanneret, L; Lange, N; Uehlinger, P; van den Bergh, H; Wagnières, G; Zellweger, M, 2000)	1.03
" Furthermore, calcium-phytate-zinc interactions may adversely affect zinc bioavailability in growing rats."	( Effect of calcium supplements to a maize-soya diet on the bioavailability of minerals and trace elements and the accumulation of heavy metals in growing rats. Most, E; Pallauf, J; Rimbach, G; Walter, A, 2000)	0.31
" The purpose of these studies was to examine the systemic pharmacokinetics and elimination of ALA, the bioavailability of ALA after oral and intravesical doses, and the factors that affect ALA concentrations in the bladder during intravesical treatment."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of 5-aminolevulinic acid in healthy volunteers and patients at high risk for recurrent bladder cancer. Dalton, JT; Golub, AL; Marcus, SL; Meyer, MC; Straughn, A; Yates, CR; Yin, D, 2002)	0.6
" At around 30 degrees C PpIX fluorescence appears later after application of ALA-ester derivatives (14-20 min) than after application of ALA (8 min), indicating differences in their bioavailability (delayed penetration through the stratum corneum, cellular uptake, conversion to ALA, PpIX production) in mouse skin in vivo."	( Temperature effect on accumulation of protoporphyrin IX after topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its methylester and hexylester derivatives in normal mouse skin. Iani, V; Juzenas, P; Juzeniene, A; Kaalhus, O; Moan, J, 2002)	0.54
" An approach to improve the bioavailability of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is the use of ALA derivatives instead of ALA."	( Topical application of ALA and ALA hexyl ester on a subcutaneous murine mammary adenocarcinoma: tissue distribution. Batlle, A; Casas, A; Fukuda, H; Perotti, C; Sacca, P, 2003)	0.32
" It remains to be seen whether this enhanced local bioavailability of the protoporphyrin prodrug can allow improved photodynamic therapy for the treatment of skin cancer."	( Enhanced delivery of 5-aminolevulinic acid esters by iontophoresis in vitro. Bentley, MV; Delgado-Charro, MB; Guy, RH; Lange, N; Lopez, RF; Salomon, D; van den Bergh, H, 2003)	0.63
" However, the limited local bioavailability of 5-ALA has widely prevented its use in daily clinical practice."	( 5-Aminolevulinic acid derivatives in photomedicine: Characteristics, application and perspectives. Campo, MA; Fotinos, N; Gurny, R; Lange, N; Popowycz, F, )	0.85
" Hexaminolevulinate should ideally be confined to the bladder only, but it is likely that some absorption occurs during administration, and therefore the systemic bioavailability is of interest."	( Determination of the bioavailability of [14C]-hexaminolevulinate using accelerator mass spectrometry after intravesical administration to human volunteers. de Vries, DE; Garner, RC; Klem, B; Lappin, G; Nicholson, S; Oosterhuis, B; van de Wetering, J, 2006)	0.33
"Absolute bioavailability studies in humans are not routinely performed as part of the drug registration process."	( The use of isotopes in the determination of absolute bioavailability of drugs in humans. Garner, RC; Lappin, G; Rowland, M, 2006)	0.33
" Therefore, lipophilic 5-ALA esters, such as hexylaminolevulinate (HAL), have led to improved local bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy."	( Thermosetting gel for the delivery of 5-aminolevulinic acid esters to the cervix. Collaud, S; Gurny, R; Lange, N; Peng, Q, 2008)	0.61
"The human proton/oligopeptide cotransporters hPEPT1 and hPEPT2 have been targeted to enhance the bioavailability of drugs and prodrugs."	( Molecular mechanism of dipeptide and drug transport by the human renal H+/oligopeptide cotransporter hPEPT2. Hirayama, BA; Loo, DD; Sala-Rabanal, M; Wright, EM, 2008)	0.35
" However, in the case of deep, nodular-ulcerative lesions, the complete response rates are lower, possibly related to a lower bioavailability of PpIX."	( Comparison of ALA- and ALA hexyl-ester-induced PpIX depth distribution in human skin carcinoma. Ballini, JP; Dögnitz, N; Gabrecht, T; Lange, N; Salomon, D; van den Bergh, H; Wagnières, G; Zellweger, M, 2008)	0.35
"The aim was to enhance aminolevulinic acid (ALA) stability by incorporation into low-melting microparticles prepared using a spray congealing procedure and to evaluate temperature-triggered release, allowing topical bioavailability following melting at skin temperature."	( Aminolevulinic acid-loaded Witepsol microparticles manufactured using a spray congealing procedure: implications for topical photodynamic therapy. Al-Kassas, R; Donnelly, RF; McCarron, PA, 2009)	2.11
" Bioavailability and lipid-mediated enhancement of ALA penetration were determined in excised murine skin."	( Aminolevulinic acid-loaded Witepsol microparticles manufactured using a spray congealing procedure: implications for topical photodynamic therapy. Al-Kassas, R; Donnelly, RF; McCarron, PA, 2009)	1.8
" However, due to ALA's high polarity its dermal bioavailability is rather limited and thus, permeation enhancement of this active is of major interest in research."	( Rheological characterization and permeation behavior of poloxamer 407-based systems containing 5-aminolevulinic acid for potential application in photodynamic therapy. Müller-Goymann, CC; van Hemelrijck, C, 2012)	0.6
" However, the bioavailability of ALA is limited by its hydrophilic properties and limited cell uptake."	( The use of dipeptide derivatives of 5-aminolaevulinic acid promotes their entry to tumor cells and improves tumor selectivity of photodynamic therapy. Batlle, A; Casas, A; Di Venosa, G; Eggleston, IM; Giuntini, F; Juarranz, A; MacRobert, AJ; Mamone, L; Vallecorsa, P; Vanzuli, S, 2015)	0.42
" The main disadvantage of this therapy is that ALA is poorly absorbed by cells due to its high hydrophilicity."	( Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 5-aminolaevulinic acid/3-hydroxypyridinone conjugates as potential photodynamic therapeutical agents. Battah, S; Hider, RC; Kong, X; Reeder, BJ; Zhou, T; Zhu, CF, 2015)	0.42
" These results lead to consider the developed formulations potentially useful for improving ALA bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness in skin malignancies treatment by topical PDT."	( Development and ex vivo evaluation of 5-aminolevulinic acid-loaded niosomal formulations for topical photodynamic therapy. Bragagni, M; Mastrolorenzo, A; Mura, P; Scozzafava, A; Supuran, CT, 2015)	0.68
" eEF1A1 was found to enrich ALA-induced PpIX in cells by competitively blocking the downstream bioavailability of PpIX."	( eEF1A1 binds and enriches protoporphyrin IX in cancer cells in 5-aminolevulinic acid based photodynamic therapy. Cui, X; Fan, Z; He, H; Li, B; Liu, W; Wei, D; Wei, X; Ye, H; Zhu, N, 2016)	0.67
" However, the effectiveness of ALA-PDT is limited by the relatively poor bioavailability of ALA and rapid conversion of PpIX to haem."	( Hydroxypyridinone and 5-Aminolaevulinic Acid Conjugates for Photodynamic Therapy. Battah, S; Dobbin, PS; Hider, RC; MacRobert, AJ; Zhou, T, 2017)	0.46
" However, chemical instability, low bioavailability and poor pharmacokinetic profile limit systemic efficacy of 5-ALA."	( Activity of phosphatase-sensitive 5-aminolevulinic acid prodrugs in cancer cell lines. Allémann, E; Babič, A; Herceg, V; Lange, N, 2017)	0.73
"The development of nanocarriers is an important approach to increase the bioavailability of hydrophilic drugs in target cells."	( In vitro assessment of anti-tumorigenic mechanisms and efficacy of NanoALA, a nanoformulation of aminolevulic acid designed for photodynamic therapy of cancer. da Silva, JR; de Andrade, LR; Lacava, ZGM; Primo, FL; Tedesco, AC, 2017)	0.46
" However, the major obstacle with a majority of photosensitizers is its limited bioavailability and long-term photosensitivity which limits its use."	( Role of nanocarriers in photodynamic therapy. Ali, J; Baboota, S; Kotta, S; Nabi, B; Narang, JK; Qidwai, A, 2020)	0.56
" The 5-ALA skin permeation is considerably reduced due to its hydrophilic characteristics, decreasing its local bioavailability and therapeutic effect."	( PLGA-PVA-PEG Single Emulsion Method as a Candidate for Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) Encapsulation: Laboratory Scaling Up and Stability Evaluation. Bagnato, VS; da Silva, GR; Dos Santos, AL; Dos Santos, MC; Dos Santos, SC; Inada, NM; Rodrigues de Lima, V; Sanches, EA; Soares, AC; Ţălu, Ş, 2022)	0.97
" In AIP mice, preventive treatment with an experimental fusion protein of insulin and apolipoprotein A-I improved the disease by promoting fat mobilization in adipose tissue, increasing the metabolite bioavailability for the TCA cycle and inducing mitochondrial biogenesis in the liver."	( Understanding Carbohydrate Metabolism and Insulin Resistance in Acute Intermittent Porphyria. Córdoba, KM; Ena, J; Enríquez de Salamanca, R; Fontanellas, A; Jericó, D; Morales-Conejo, M; Solares, I, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The dose-response curves obtained for both these effects closely mirror the accumulation in the liver of a compound that is labelled by 5-amino[14C]laevulinate and is unextractable by acetone/HCl."	( Formation of cobalt protoporphyrin in the liver of rats. A mechanism for the inhibition of liver haem biosynthesis by inorganic cobalt. de Matteis, F; Gibbs, AH; Sinclair, JF; Sinclair, P, 1979)	0.26
"In this study dose-response and dose-effect relationships were examined with reference to no-effect levels using observed data from three groups of lead workers who had been exposed to three different concentrations of lead."	( [Dose-response relationships at different exposure levels. Re-examination in establishing no-effect levels (author's transl)]. Sakurai, H; Sugita, M; Tsuchiya, K, 1978)	0.26
"Lead absorption and prevention of the serious effects of lead re-examined from the viewpoints of the critical organ and clinical effect concepts and the associated dose-effect and dose-response relationships."	( Dose-effect and dose-response relationships for lead in children. Barrett, MB; Chisolm, JJ; Mellits, ED, 1975)	0.25
" After treatment with Resochin in an erroneously high dosage (1."	( [Accident in treatment of porphyria cutanea tarda by chloroquine (Resochin) (author's transl)]. Eichenauer, MG; Goerz, G; Krieg, T, 1976)	0.26
" at the dosage of 600-1200 mg for a variable period of 3-5 days in the first group, for 7-10 days in the patients with PCT."	( [Evaluation of the effects of reduced glutathione in subjects with acquired and congenital changes in heme biosynthesis]. Alessio, L; Buizza, P; De Panfilis, G; De Vincentiis, A; Ferioli, A; Leali, C; Pasolini, G, 1992)	0.28
"9%), the vehicle, and 50, 200 or 800/400 mg/kg/d (the highest dosage had to be lowered after the first week due to acute drug intolerance)."	( Chronic intravenous toxicity of the new antibiotic cefpirome in monkeys. Engelbart, K; Horstmann, G, 1990)	0.28
" Adjustments in dosage or route of administration were sometimes needed."	( A gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue prevents cyclical attacks of porphyria. Anderson, KE; Bardin, CW; Kappas, A; Spitz, IM, 1990)	0.28
" These findings suggest that the amount of protoporphyrin IX accumulation from ALA reflects the extent of deficiency of ferrochelatase and is proportional to the dosage of abnormal EPP gene in cultured fibroblasts."	( Accumulation of protoporphyrin IX from delta-aminolevulinic acid in bovine skin fibroblasts with hereditary erythropoietic protoporphyria. A gene-dosage effect. Ruth, G; Sassa, S; Schwartz, S, 1981)	0.52
" The dose-response relationship between PbB and ALAU suggested that a PbB below 50-60 micrograms/dl is a proper practical limit of biological monitoring for lead workers."	( Occupational lead exposure of storage battery workers in Korea. Lee, BK, 1982)	0.26
"A dose-response relationship between exposure to lead and delta-aminolaevulinic acid concentration in urine (ALA-U), and between blood lead (Pb-B) and zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZPP-B) concentrations in blood were examined in 90 male workers exposed to lead."	( [Selected biomarkers for evaluating occupational exposure to lead among workers from the "Miasteczko Slaskie" zincworks in Tarnowskie Gory]. Komosińska, K; Kraśnicka, A; Kwapuliński, J; Orczyk, H; Wiechuła, D, 1995)	0.29
" Dose-response studies were conducted for 100 to 400 mg/ml 5-aminolevulinic acid."	( Photodynamic destruction of endometrial tissue with topical 5-aminolevulinic acid in rats and rabbits. Berns, MW; Krasieva, T; Schell, M; Tadir, Y; Tromberg, BJ; Wyss, MT; Wyss, P, 1994)	0.77
" For groups 2 and 6, atracurium was administered at a dosage of 4 mg/kg of body weight, followed by a continuous infusion of 15 mg/kg/h."	( Porphyrinogenic effects of atracurium, vecuronium, and pancuronium in a primed rat model. Bach, A; Böhrer, H; Bolsen, K; Goerz, G; Kohl, B; Martin, E; Schmidt, H, 1994)	0.29
" The intensity of fluorescence varied with the dosage and route of administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid."	( Fluorescence and photosensitization of experimental endometriosis in the rat after systemic 5-aminolevulinic acid administration: a potential new approach to the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis. Kennedy, JC; Reid, RL; Van Dijk-Smith, JP; Van Vugt, DA; Yang, JZ, 1996)	0.74
"Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with topical 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is increasingly employed for skin cancer, yet ALA dosing is crude."	( Iontophoretic delivery of ALA provides a quantitative model for ALA pharmacokinetics and PpIX phototoxicity in human skin. Anderson, RR; Kollias, N; Rhodes, LE; Tsoukas, MM, 1997)	0.56
"To determine the in vivo dose-response relation between administered 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and the concentration of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) produced in rat uterine tissue, to determine the effect of estrogen on ALA-induced PpIX production in the rat endometrium and myometrium, and to determine the selectivity of ALA-induced PpIX production in uterine tissue."	( Effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid dose and estrogen on protoporphyrin IX concentrations in the rat uterus. Pottier, RH; Reid, RL; Roy, BN; Van Vugt, DA; Weagle, GE, )	0.74
"An in vivo dose-response relation was demonstrated between ALA and uterine production of PpIX, with maximum PpIX concentrations occurring after 25 mg of intrauterine ALA."	( Effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid dose and estrogen on protoporphyrin IX concentrations in the rat uterus. Pottier, RH; Reid, RL; Roy, BN; Van Vugt, DA; Weagle, GE, )	0.51
" This study compares bolus with fractionated ALA dosing in order to determine whether one of these methods results in a higher tissue concentration of PP."	( Effects of fractionated 5-aminolevulinic acid administration on tissue levels of protoporphyrin in vivo. Fromm, D; Herman, MA; Kessel, D; Luo, Y; Patacsil, V; Webber, J, 1997)	0.6
" A dose-response relationship was observed between 10 and 25 mg of ALA and endometrial PpIX concentrations."	( Effect of continuous and multiple doses of 5-aminolevulinic acid on protoporphyrin IX concentrations in the rat uterus. Pottier, RH; Reid, RL; Roy, BN; Van Vugt, DA; Weagle, GE, 1997)	0.56
" In our in vivo/in vitro model system we have shown that pre-treatment with ADM increased the cytotoxicity of ALA-PDT at a dosage level of ADM which did not raise LPO levels in heart tissue."	( Enhancement of aminolevulinic acid based photodynamic therapy by adriamycin. Casas, A; del C Batlle, AM; Fukuda, H; Riley, P, 1997)	0.65
" Both Ps induced a light dose-dependent impairment of the mitochondrial function with the dose-response curve being steep for ALA and flat for Ph."	( Ultrastructural changes in PAM cells after photodynamic treatment with delta-aminolevulinic acid-induced porphyrins or photosan. Hönigsmann, H; Ortel, B; Radakovic-Fijan, S; Rappersberger, K; Tanew, A, 1999)	0.53
" These results demonstrated that low pH ALA aqueous solution may be one possible dosage form to be considered for market introduction."	( Degradation mechanism and stability of 5-aminolevulinic acid. Bunke, A; Burmeister, G; Gander, B; Merkle, HP; Schmid, H; Zerbe, O, 2000)	0.57
" The different parameters involved in this photodynamic effect are reported, namely delta-ala concentration and loading time, light dosage and the influence of intracellular and medium-excreted porphyrins."	( Photodynamic DNA damage mediated by delta-aminolevulinic acid-induced porphyrins. Dubois, J; Duez, P; Hanocq, M, 2001)	0.57
" It allows quasiquantitative testing of different protoporphyrin IX precursors with respect to dose-response curves and pharmacokinetics, as well as the evaluation of different incubation conditions and/or different drug formulations."	( Routine experimental system for defining conditions used in photodynamic therapy and fluorescence photodetection of (non-) neoplastic epithelia. Etter, AL; Gerber, P; Jichlinski, P; Kucera, P; Lange, N; Marti, A; van Den Bergh, H; Vaucher, L, 2001)	0.31
" Iron dose-response curves in ALA- and PCB126-treated Cyp1a2(+/+) mice showed that hepatic iron levels greater than 850 microg/g liver were required to produce significant uroporphyrin accumulation in the liver."	( Uroporphyria in mice: thresholds for hepatic CYP1A2 and iron. Bement, WJ; Dalton, TP; Eisenstein, RS; Gerhard, GS; Gorman, N; Nebert, DW; Ross, KL; Sinclair, JF; Sinclair, PR; Szakacs, JG; Walton, HS, 2002)	0.31
" Although different formulations containing variable amounts of ALA have been applied in PDT, the dose-response relationships between transdermal ALA delivery and cutaneous protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) accumulation have not been studied."	( In vitro/in vivo correlations between transdermal delivery of 5-aminolaevulinic acid and cutaneous protoporphyrin IX accumulation and effect of formulation. Chen, IH; Lo, YL; Tsai, JC; Wong, TW, 2002)	0.31
"Knowledge of the dose-response relationships and the effect of formulation is important for designing optimal formulations and treatment schedules for topical ALA-PDT."	( In vitro/in vivo correlations between transdermal delivery of 5-aminolaevulinic acid and cutaneous protoporphyrin IX accumulation and effect of formulation. Chen, IH; Lo, YL; Tsai, JC; Wong, TW, 2002)	0.31
"It will be the aim of further investigations to verify the optimal time of incubation and dosing of systemical 5-ALA application to enhance fluorescence contrasts and set the basis for fluorescence guided resections."	( [Fluorescence staining of oral and laryngeal cancer after application of 5-aminolevulinic acid]. Baumgartner, R; Betz, CS; Heinrich, P; Janda, P; Leunig, A, 2002)	0.54
" The aim of this study was to establish the optimum dosage regime for ALA-PDT for Barrett's esophagus."	( Comparison of high- vs low-dose 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodynamic therapy of Barrett's esophagus. Ackroyd, R; Brown, NJ; Brown, SB; Kelty, CJ; Reed, MW, 2004)	0.6
" There was no significant difference in response between dosing 4 or 6 h prior to PDT."	( Comparison of high- vs low-dose 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodynamic therapy of Barrett's esophagus. Ackroyd, R; Brown, NJ; Brown, SB; Kelty, CJ; Reed, MW, 2004)	0.6
" PY extraction from semi-solid devices approached 100% efficiency demonstrating that the reported assay is suitable for evaluating stability of novel dosage forms intended for ALA delivery."	( Analysis of pyrazine 2,5-dipropionic acid in 5-aminolevulinic acid-loaded urological and topical delivery vehicles: methodology and assay validation. Andrews, GP; Donnelly, RF; McCarron, PA; Woolfson, AD, 2005)	0.59
" For laser treatments, a sigmoidal light dose-response relationship predicted more than 85% initial response rates for light doses 150 J/cm(2) or more."	( Treatment of diffuse basal cell carcinomas and basaloid follicular hamartomas in nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome by wide-area 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy. Bellnier, DA; Blumenson, LE; Cheney, R; Frawley, NP; Oseroff, AR; Pivnick, EK; Shieh, S, 2005)	0.53
" This perturbation can be easily spotted using the rapid method of dosing the delta-aminolevulinic acid in urine (ALA)."	( [Delta-aminolevulinic acid measurement in people professionally exposed to lead]. Agoroaei, L; Alexandrescu, L; Butnaru, C; Butnaru, E; Cotae, N; Mircea, C; Proca, M, )	0.81
"The dosage of 20 mg/kg body weight of 5-ALA is feasible for fluorescence diagnosis of nonpigmented endometriosis."	( Detection of nonpigmented endometriotic lesions with 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced fluorescence. Buchweitz, O; Kiesel, L; Staebler, A; Wülfing, P, 2004)	0.57
" This approach makes ALA dosing difficult and delivery to demanding areas, such as the vulval, perineal and perianal skin, are seldom possible."	( Design and evaluation of a water-soluble bioadhesive patch formulation for cutaneous delivery of 5-aminolevulinic acid to superficial neoplastic lesions. Donnelly, RF; McCarron, PA; Woolfson, AD; Zawislak, A, 2006)	0.55
"IPL and PDL demonstrated a faint dose-response effect on PDT activation, but were less potent than a smaller fluence of CW blue light."	( Do pulsed lasers produce an effective photodynamic therapy response? Grande, DJ; Strasswimmer, J, 2006)	0.33
" In 13 healthy volunteers, we assessed the time course and dose-response of the acute cutaneous response(s) to ALA-PDT, the impact of H(1) antihistamine blockade, and measured dermal histamine release."	( Histamine is released following aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy of human skin and mediates an aminolevulinic acid dose-related immediate inflammatory response. Brooke, RC; Church, MK; Clough, GF; Friedmann, PS; Rhodes, LE; Sidhu, MK; Sinha, A; Watson, RE, 2006)	0.62
" The proportion of dead cells increased with increases in the dosage of light."	( Massive apoptotic cell death of human glioma cells via a mitochondrial pathway following 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy. Inoue, H; Kajimoto, Y; Kuroiwa, T; Miyatake, S; Miyoshi, N; Ogawa, N; Otsuki, Y; Shibata, MA, 2007)	0.56
" Results suggest that this simple formulation containing ALA can be administered directly to the colorectal area and is a feasible alternative to peroral dosing of ALA."	( Formulation and characterization of poly(ethylene glycol)-based, 5-aminolevulinic acid-loaded solid-dosage forms intended for photodynamic and photodiagnostic methodologies in the colorectal region. Andrews, GP; Donnelly, RF; McCarron, PA; Morrow, DI; Woolfson, AD, 2007)	0.58
" At both 1 and 4 hours after 5-ALA injection, the net mean intensity of parathyroid gland fluorescence was optimal at the highest dose (700 mg/kg) and positively correlated with dosage increases."	( Fluorescent detection of rat parathyroid glands via 5-aminolevulinic acid. Asher, SA; Newman, JR; Pehler, SF; Peters, GE; Rosenthal, EL; Zinn, K, 2008)	0.59
" Metronomic dosing in PDT is proposed by analogy and the rationale is as a means to improve the tumor-specific response through cell death by apoptosis."	( Metronomic PDT and cell death pathways. Alqawi, O; Espiritu, M; Singh, G, 2010)	0.36
" A novel dosing approach was introduced in that we used a photobleaching percentage instead of a preset fluence."	( Fractionated illumination at low fluence rate photodynamic therapy in mice. De Bruijn, HS; De Haas, ER; Middelburg, TA; Neumann, HA; Robinson, DJ; Sterenborg, HJ; Van Der Ploeg-van den Heuvel, A; Van Zaane, F, )	0.13
" Ten Sprague-Dawley (S-D) adult rats were injected intraperitoneally with a 300 mg/kg dosage of 5-ALA."	( Fluorescence identification of parathyroid glands by aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride in rats. Guo, ZM; Li, CQ; Li, H; Liu, WW; Yang, AK; Zhang, Q, 2011)	0.62
"To determine the effect of ALA-PDT on fibroblast cells from hypertrophic scars in vitro, and to identify proper dosage of photosensitizer and energy level of laser light."	( [Influence of ALA-PDT on fibroblast cells from hypertrophic scars]. Luo, LD; Pan, L; Wang, L; Zhong, JB, 2011)	0.37
" The expression of PCNA in fibroblast cells was detected after cultured with ALA-PDT, which was selected according to the proper dosage of ALA and laser light from the result of CCK-8."	( [Influence of ALA-PDT on fibroblast cells from hypertrophic scars]. Luo, LD; Pan, L; Wang, L; Zhong, JB, 2011)	0.37
" The inhibition effect appeared when ALA and PDT applied simultaneously, and the inhibition rate increased with the dosage of photosensitizer and the energy level of laser light."	( [Influence of ALA-PDT on fibroblast cells from hypertrophic scars]. Luo, LD; Pan, L; Wang, L; Zhong, JB, 2011)	0.37
"The inhibition effect of ALA-PDT on fibroblast cells from hypertrophic scars increases with the dosage of photosensitizer and the energy level of He-Ne laser light."	( [Influence of ALA-PDT on fibroblast cells from hypertrophic scars]. Luo, LD; Pan, L; Wang, L; Zhong, JB, 2011)	0.37
" Each lesion was irradiated once a week for 3 weeks, for a total dosage of 300 J/cm(2) (100 mW/cm(2))."	( Comparison of the efficacy of ALA-PDT using an excimer-dye laser (630 nm) and a metal-halide lamp (600 to 740 nm) for treatment of Bowen's disease. Akita, Y; Kimura, M; Kinoshita, Y; Matsumoto, Y; Mizutani, K; Nakano, A; Tamada, Y; Tanaka, T; Watanabe, D; Yanagishita, T, 2012)	0.38
" Application of ALA at lower dosage (2 mg/l) enhanced the seedling growth and biomass."	( 5-Aminolevulinic acid ameliorates cadmium-induced morphological, biochemical, and ultrastructural changes in seedlings of oilseed rape. Ali, B; Ali, S; Daud, MK; Geng, XX; Huang, CR; Liu, HB; Qi, ZY; Zhou, WJ, 2013)	1.11
" A dose-response between Pb levels and plasma viscosity was not observed."	( The effect of occupational lead exposure on lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and plasma viscosity. Birkner, E; Kasperczyk, A; Kasperczyk, S; Słowińska-Łożyńska, L; Wielkoszyński, T, 2015)	0.42
" The participant numbers with impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose decreased in the highest dosage group of ALA-P plus iron compared with the placebo group."	( 5-aminolevulinic acid, a precursor of heme, reduces both fasting and postprandial glucose levels in mildly hyperglycemic subjects. Awaya, T; Higashikawa, F; Noda, M; Sugiyama, M; Tanaka, T, )	0.85
" PDT involves dosing patients with photosensitizing drugs, and then exposing them to light using a directed energy device in order to manifest a therapeutic effect."	( Photodynamic therapy: occupational hazards and preventative recommendations for clinical administration by healthcare providers. Breskey, JD; Colvard, MD; Lacey, SE; Paradise, WA; Radosevich, JA; Vesper, BJ, 2013)	0.39
" The entire screening assay takes only 1 hour, and the collected PDT outcomes (cell viability) for combinatorial screening are analysed and reported as traditional dose-response curves or 3D bubble charts using custom software."	( A high-throughput photodynamic therapy screening platform with on-chip control of multiple microenvironmental factors. Kim, G; Kopelman, R; Lee, YE; Lou, X; Yoon, E; Yoon, HK, 2014)	0.4
"Efficacy of 5-ALA PDT could be increased by adjunction of ciprofloxacin in conventional clinical dosing and by prolongation of ALA incubation time."	( Enhancing the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid based photodynamic therapy in human meningioma cells. Cornelius, JF; El Khatib, M; Giannakis, A; Senger, B; Slotty, PJ; Steiger, HJ, 2014)	0.7
"With a prospective feasibility study, we aimed to analyse the effect of different time points for application and dosage of preoperative oral 5-aminolevulinic acid administration for photodynamic diagnosis of peritoneal metastases in ovarian cancer patients."	( Photodynamic diagnosis with 5-aminolevulinic acid for intraoperative detection of peritoneal metastases of ovarian cancer: A feasibility and dose finding study. Hillemanns, P; Klapdor, R; Reif, J; Stepp, H; Wimberger, P, 2017)	0.94
" 5-Aminolevulinic acid was orally administered 3-14 hours before surgery using a dosage of 1 mg/kg, 4-9 hours using 10 mg/kg, and 9-16 hours using 10 mg/kg, respectively."	( Photodynamic diagnosis with 5-aminolevulinic acid for intraoperative detection of peritoneal metastases of ovarian cancer: A feasibility and dose finding study. Hillemanns, P; Klapdor, R; Reif, J; Stepp, H; Wimberger, P, 2017)	1.36
" Orally applied 5-aminolevulinic acid with a dosage of 1 mg/kg revealed no detectable fluorescence."	( Photodynamic diagnosis with 5-aminolevulinic acid for intraoperative detection of peritoneal metastases of ovarian cancer: A feasibility and dose finding study. Hillemanns, P; Klapdor, R; Reif, J; Stepp, H; Wimberger, P, 2017)	1.08
" 5-Aminolevulinic acid should be used at a dosage of at least 10 mg/kg 4-9 hours preoperatively."	( Photodynamic diagnosis with 5-aminolevulinic acid for intraoperative detection of peritoneal metastases of ovarian cancer: A feasibility and dose finding study. Hillemanns, P; Klapdor, R; Reif, J; Stepp, H; Wimberger, P, 2017)	1.36
" They revealed a different fluorescence kinetics and dose-response curves for the different types of 5-ALA prodrugs."	( Activity of phosphatase-sensitive 5-aminolevulinic acid prodrugs in cancer cell lines. Allémann, E; Babič, A; Herceg, V; Lange, N, 2017)	0.73
"To study the effective therapeutic concentration, drug application duration, irradiation duration and irradiation dosage of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) for treating vitiligo and observe its clinical efficacy."	( A case series pilot study on the combination of 5-aminolevulinic acid and photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) for treatment of vitiligo. Guo, X; Lin, H; Zhang, Y; Zou, X, )	0.59
"ALA with different drug concentrations, drug application durations, irradiation durations and irradiation dosages were adopted to treat skin lesions caused by vitiligo to determine the effective drug concentration, drug application duration, irradiation duration and irradiation dosage for treating three vitiligo volunteers and observe the therapeutic results."	( A case series pilot study on the combination of 5-aminolevulinic acid and photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) for treatment of vitiligo. Guo, X; Lin, H; Zhang, Y; Zou, X, )	0.38
"5%, drug application duration for 3 hours, irradiation dosage of 80mw/cm2 and irradiation duration for 20 min was effective in treating vitiligo."	( A case series pilot study on the combination of 5-aminolevulinic acid and photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) for treatment of vitiligo. Guo, X; Lin, H; Zhang, Y; Zou, X, )	0.38
"5%, drug application duration for 3 hours, irradiation dosage of 80 mw/cm2 and irradiation duration for 20 min is effective in treating vitiligo."	( A case series pilot study on the combination of 5-aminolevulinic acid and photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) for treatment of vitiligo. Guo, X; Lin, H; Zhang, Y; Zou, X, )	0.38
" In cell culture, we show that the overall dose-response is consistent with established light sources and complete cell death of ALA photosensitized cells can be achieved in the irradiated zone."	( Development and evaluation of a low-cost, portable, LED-based device for PDT treatment of early-stage oral cancer in resource-limited settings. Celli, JP; Cuckov, F; Daly, L; Hasan, T; Khan, AP; Liu, H; Liu, Y; Mallidi, S; Rudd, G, 2019)	0.51
" 5-ALA was orally administered 3 hours before induction of anesthesia at a dosage of 20 mg/kg, whereas fluorescein was intravenously administered at induction of anesthesia at a dosage of 4 mg/kg."	( Combined Fluorescence Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and Fluorescein Sodium at Glioblastoma Border: Intraoperative Findings and Histopathologic Data About 3 Newly Diagnosed Consecutive Cases. Della Puppa, A; Gardiman, MP; Munari, M; Volpin, F, 2019)	0.8
" Finally, a theoretical hemin effect was implemented to illustrate the applicability of the model to dosage optimization in drug therapies."	( Computational disease model of phenobarbital-induced acute attacks in an acute intermittent porphyria mouse model. Fontanellas, A; Jericó, D; Parra-Guillén, ZP; Sampedro, A; Serrano-Mendioroz, I; Trocóniz, IF; Vera-Yunca, D, 2019)	0.51
" Herein, we performed animal and human studies to investigate whether 5-ALA dosed glioma cells, in vitro and in vivo, release PpIX positive EVs in circulation which can be captured and analyzed."	( Characterization of plasma-derived protoporphyrin-IX-positive extracellular vesicles following 5-ALA use in patients with malignant glioma. Ayinon, C; Balaj, L; Carter, BS; Charest, A; Delcuze, B; Ghiran, I; Hochberg, FH; Jones, PS; Lansbury, E; Mordecai, S; Small, JL; Tigges, J; Yekula, A, 2019)	0.51
" Greater and more sustained reductions in ALA and PBG were achieved with once monthly dosing compared with once quarterly dosing."	( Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Small Interfering Ribonucleic Acid, Givosiran, in Patients With Acute Hepatic Porphyria. Agarwal, S; Clausen, VA; Goel, V; Habtemariam, BA; Kim, JB; Robbie, GJ; Simon, AR, 2020)	0.56
"63 mg/kg dry materials, exceeding the usual effective dosage reported in animal trials, was achieved within 48 h through SSF of 20 kg feed in a 90-L steel drum."	( Efficient solid-state fermentation for the production of 5-aminolevulinic acid enriched feed using recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Chen, T; Chen, Z; Jin, B; Lu, L; Ma, H; Mao, Y; Pan, Y, 2020)	0.8
" Clinical trials of 5-ALA RDT for HGG are needed to evaluate the optimum timing, dosing and effectiveness."	( 5-Aminolevulinic acid radiodynamic therapy for treatment of high-grade gliomas: A systematic review. Michael, AP; Nordmann, NJ, 2021)	1.34
" No difference was found when comparing the fluorescence between primary grade I and II meningiomas after any 5-ALA dosage (p > ."	( 5-ALA kinetics in meningiomas: analysis of tumor fluorescence and PpIX metabolism in vitro and comparative analyses with high-grade gliomas. Brokinkel, B; Bunk, EC; Senner, V; Stummer, W; Wagner, A, 2021)	0.62
"A significant dose-response relationship was observed between Pb-B and ALA-U based on Pb-B-classified observations of increases in ALA-U values and the prevalence of over-reference ALA-U as well as regression analyses independent of smoking habits."	( Reassessment of the threshold of the blood lead level to increase urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid based on their relationship in recent lead workers in Japan. Horiguchi, H; Ono, A, 2021)	0.85
" The final model was used to assess the adequacy of the recommended givosiran dosing regimen across demographic and clinical subgroups."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model of urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid reduction after givosiran treatment in patients with acute hepatic porphyria. Lee, J; Melch, M; Robbie, GJ, 2023)	1.16
" We measured GICs-5-ALA uptake and PDT/5-ALA activity in dose-response curves and the efficacy of the treatment by measuring proliferative activity and apoptosis."	( Preclinical Studies with Glioblastoma Brain Organoid Co-Cultures Show Efficient 5-ALA Photodynamic Therapy. Aldecoa, I; Bedia, C; Centellas, M; Diao, D; Ferrés, A; González Sánchez, JJ; Martínez-Soler, F; Mosteiro, A; Muñoz-Tudurí, M; Pedrosa, L; Pineda, E; Sevilla, A; Sierra, À; Stanzani, E; Tortosa, A, 2023)	0.91

Role	Description
photosensitizing agent	A chemical compound that can be excited by light of a specific wavelength and subsequently transfer energy to a chosen reactant. This is commonly molecular oxygen within a cancer tissue, which is converted to (highly rective) singlet state oxygen. This rapidly reacts with any nearby biomolecules, ultimately killing the cancer cells.
antineoplastic agent	A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
dermatologic drug	A drug used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin.
prodrug	A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active drug for which it is a prodrug.
plant metabolite	Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
human metabolite	Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite	Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
Escherichia coli metabolite	Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli.
mouse metabolite	Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
delta-amino acid	A non-proteinogenic amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position delta to the carboxy group.
4-oxo monocarboxylic acid
amino acid zwitterion	The zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Glycine and Serine Metabolism	24	52
Porphyrin Metabolism	16	36
Acute Intermittent Porphyria	16	36
Porphyria Variegata (PV)	16	36
Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria (CEP) or Gunther Disease	16	36
Dimethylglycine Dehydrogenase Deficiency	24	52
Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (DHPD)	24	52
Sarcosinemia	24	52
Non-Ketotic Hyperglycinemia	24	52
Hereditary Coproporphyria (HCP)	16	36
Hyperglycinemia, Non-Ketotic	24	52
3-Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase Deficiency	24	52
Glycine and Serine metabolism ( Glycine and Serine metabolism )	36	49
Porphyrin_metabolism ( Porphyrin metabolism )	7	16
Hemesynthesis defects and porphyrias	0	18
Biochemical pathways: part I	0	466
Tyrosine metabolism and related disorders	7	24

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, Beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli K-12	Potency	22.3872	0.0447	17.8581	100.0000	AID485294
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.7079	0.7079	36.9043	89.1251	AID504333
geminin	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.1259	0.0046	11.3741	33.4983	AID624297
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	12.9000	2.2200	2.2200	2.2200	AID406571
Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	790.0000	0.0147	2.5037	9.2000	AID92023
Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	790.0000	0.0168	1.2772	5.0000	AID92023
Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	790.0000	0.0206	0.5322	2.2000	AID92023
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	790.0000	0.0038	0.7975	4.1000	AID92023
Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	790.0000	0.1800	3.3933	9.8000	AID92023
Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	790.0000	0.0400	1.2335	8.8500	AID92023
Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	230.0000	3.0000	6.4778	8.5000	AID681124
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of receptor recycling	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse assembly	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
long-term memory	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lithium ion	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal action potential	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signaling	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
spinal cord development	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cerebral cortex development	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor internalization	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estradiol	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cocaine	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to arsenic-containing substance	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to electrical stimulus	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
long-term synaptic potentiation	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
long-term synaptic depression	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to fungicide	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amino acid stimulus	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ammonium ion	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to dsRNA	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amine stimulus	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signaling	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homotetramerization	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterotetramerization	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
long-term synaptic potentiation	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transport	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein transport	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide transport	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dipeptide import across plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
tripeptide import across plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
proton transmembrane transport	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein domain specific binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G-protein alpha-subunit binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
AMPA glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
immunoglobulin binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate-gated calcium ion channel activity	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
PDZ domain binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
small GTPase binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
myosin V binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G-protein beta-subunit binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
beta-2 adrenergic receptor binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate receptor binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase A binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein binding	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
AMPA glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta binding	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate-gated receptor activity	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
AMPA glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic cation channel activity	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta binding	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate-gated receptor activity	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
AMPA glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate-gated calcium ion channel activity	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
proton-dependent oligopeptide secondary active transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide:proton symporter activity	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
tripeptide transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dipeptide transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta binding	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate-gated receptor activity	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
AMPA glutamate receptor activity	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell junction	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endocytic vesicle membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular junction	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic shaft	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
axonal spine	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron spine	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zone membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory synapse	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
presynapse	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density, intracellular component	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
perisynaptic space	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
AMPA glutamate receptor complex	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endocytic vesicle membrane	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
asymmetric synapse	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory synapse	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic endocytic zone	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
AMPA glutamate receptor complex	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Glutamate receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
endocytic vesicle membrane	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
AMPA glutamate receptor complex	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Glutamate receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
brush border	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
endocytic vesicle membrane	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular vesicle	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
AMPA glutamate receptor complex	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Glutamate receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID504812	Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID504810	Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID519392	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli Ti05 assessed as microbial survival fraction incubated at 1 mM followed by irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light relative to untreated control	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID625288	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1564443	Chemical stability of the compound in buffer at 1M at pH 7.4 by HPLC analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID371991	Drug uptake in human Caco-2 cells assessed as intracellular 5-aminolaevulinic acid level per mg of protein at 1 mM after 4 hrs	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13	Improved peptide prodrugs of 5-ALA for PDT: rationalization of cellular accumulation and protoporphyrin IX production by direct determination of cellular prodrug uptake and prodrug metabolization.
AID347424	Induction of apoptosis in human U251 cells assessed as viable cells at 100 uM after 48 hrs using annexin-V FITC and PI staining by flow cytometry in presence of Z-Asp-2,6-dichlorobenzoyloxymethylketone	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID1564474	Photosensitization activity against human A375 cells assessed as cell viability at 100 uM incubated for 4 hrs followed by LED light array irradiation followed by further incubation for 24 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID588970	Substrates of transporters of clinical importance in the absorption and disposition of drugs, PEPT1	2010	Nature reviews. Drug discovery, Mar, Volume: 9, Issue:3	Membrane transporters in drug development.
AID371986	Drug uptake in mouse PAM212 cells assessed as PpIX production per mg of protein at 0.1 mM after 4 hrs	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13	Improved peptide prodrugs of 5-ALA for PDT: rationalization of cellular accumulation and protoporphyrin IX production by direct determination of cellular prodrug uptake and prodrug metabolization.
AID1481967	Drug metabolism in human KB cells assessed as protoporphyrin 9 formation at 500 uM preincubated for 1 hr at 4 degC followed by compound washout and subsequent incubation for 4 hrs at 37 degC by fluorescence spectrometer	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-27, Volume: 60, Issue:8	Hydroxypyridinone and 5-Aminolaevulinic Acid Conjugates for Photodynamic Therapy.
AID371992	Drug uptake in human Caco-2 cells assessed as PpIX production per mg of protein at 1 mM after 4 hrs	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13	Improved peptide prodrugs of 5-ALA for PDT: rationalization of cellular accumulation and protoporphyrin IX production by direct determination of cellular prodrug uptake and prodrug metabolization.
AID519379	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli K-12 assessed as reduction in microbial viability incubated at 0.1 mM followed by irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID1481987	Drug metabolism in human doxorubicin resistant MCF7/R cells assessed as formation of protoporphyrin 9 at 100 uM after 6 hrs by fluorescence spectrometer	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-27, Volume: 60, Issue:8	Hydroxypyridinone and 5-Aminolaevulinic Acid Conjugates for Photodynamic Therapy.
AID1079941	Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID371985	Drug uptake in mouse PAM212 cells assessed as intracellular 5-aminolaevulinic acid level per mg of protein at 0.1 mM after 4 hrs	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13	Improved peptide prodrugs of 5-ALA for PDT: rationalization of cellular accumulation and protoporphyrin IX production by direct determination of cellular prodrug uptake and prodrug metabolization.
AID347584	Induction of apoptosis in human U251 cells assessed as increase in full length caspase 8 level after 24 hrs by Western blot	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID519395	Induction of photoactive porphyrins in Escherichia coli K-12 assessed as porphyrin level per 10'-6 CFU microbial load incubated at 0.1 mM followed by irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light relative to untreated control	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID1079938	Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID347413	Inhibition of 26S proteasome activity in human U251 cells at 100 uM after 48 hrs in presence of N-acetyl-L-cysteine relative to control	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID625279	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079937	Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID625289	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625284	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID519383	Induction of photoactive porphyrins in Escherichia coli K-12 assessed as protoporphyrin level exposed to irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light by HPLC	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID519398	Induction of photoactive porphyrins in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus assessed as porphyrin level per 10'-6 CFU microbial load incubated at 10 mM followed by irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light relative to untreated control	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID625285	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079942	Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID519393	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa assessed as microbial survival fraction incubated at 1 mM followed by irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light relative to untreated control	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID519382	Induction of photoactive porphyrins in Escherichia coli K-12 assessed as uroporphyrin level exposed to irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light by HPLC	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID1079936	Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID1079940	Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID1481976	Phototoxicity in human CNE2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability preincubated for 4 hrs followed by irradiation with 6 J/cm2 light dose measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-27, Volume: 60, Issue:8	Hydroxypyridinone and 5-Aminolaevulinic Acid Conjugates for Photodynamic Therapy.
AID347583	Induction of apoptosis in human U251 cells assessed as late apoptotic cells at 100 uM after 48 hrs using annexin-V FITC and PI staining by flow cytometry in presence of Z-Asp-2,6-dichlorobenzoyloxymethylketone	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID1564473	Photosensitization activity against human A549 cells assessed as cell viability at 100 uM incubated for 4 hrs followed by LED light array irradiation followed by further incubation for 24 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID519378	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli K-12 assessed as reduction in microbial viability incubated at <40 mM for 4 hrs under dark condition	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID1079949	Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID1551993	Photodynamic antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori infected in patient assessed as bacterial eradication at 20 mg/lg, po after 4 hrs in presence of white light relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 175	Porphyrinoid photosensitizers mediated photodynamic inactivation against bacteria.
AID1079939	Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID1079948	Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID347422	Induction of apoptosis in human U251 cells assessed as late apoptotic cells at 100 uM after 48 hrs using annexin-V FITC and PI staining by flow cytometry	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID347419	Induction of apoptosis in human U251 cells assessed as viable cells at 100 uM after 48 hrs using annexin-V FITC and PI staining by flow cytometry	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID625281	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID347404	Increase in heme level in human U251 cells assessed as porphobilinogen deaminase level at 100 uM after 2 hrs by Western blot relative to control	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID1564461	Prodrug activation in human HeLa cells assessed as increase in GSH-mediated PpIX production at 100 uM incubated for 4 hrs by fluorescence imaging analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID1079944	Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID462613	Permeability across artificial membrane assessed as membrane retention at 200 uM by PAMPA using HPLC/MS method	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 53, Issue:6	N-methyl phenylalanine-rich peptides as highly versatile blood-brain barrier shuttles.
AID347403	Increase in heme level in human U251 cells at 100 uM after 48 hrs by Western blot relative to control	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID347405	Increase in heme level in human U251 cells assessed as porphobilinogen deaminase level at 100 uM after 2 hrs by Western blot in presence of cycloheximide	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID519381	Induction of photoactive porphyrins in Escherichia coli K-12 exposed to irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light by HPLC	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID347393	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID1481973	Phototoxicity in human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability preincubated for 4 hrs followed by irradiation with blue light at 2.5 J/cm2 and subsequent incubation for 18 hrs measured after 24 hrs post treatment by MTT assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-27, Volume: 60, Issue:8	Hydroxypyridinone and 5-Aminolaevulinic Acid Conjugates for Photodynamic Therapy.
AID1481992	Dark toxicity against human KB cells assessed as cell survival at 100 uM after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-27, Volume: 60, Issue:8	Hydroxypyridinone and 5-Aminolaevulinic Acid Conjugates for Photodynamic Therapy.
AID1079935	Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID1079934	Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID1481974	Phototoxicity in human doxorubicin resistant MCF7/R cells assessed as reduction in cell viability preincubated for 4 hrs followed by irradiation with blue light at 2.5 J/cm2 and subsequent incubation for 18 hrs measured after 24 hrs post treatment by MTT	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-27, Volume: 60, Issue:8	Hydroxypyridinone and 5-Aminolaevulinic Acid Conjugates for Photodynamic Therapy.
AID371988	Drug uptake in mouse PAM212 cells assessed as PpIX production per mg of protein at 1 mM after 4 hrs	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13	Improved peptide prodrugs of 5-ALA for PDT: rationalization of cellular accumulation and protoporphyrin IX production by direct determination of cellular prodrug uptake and prodrug metabolization.
AID1481979	Dark toxicity against human KB cells at 200 uM preincubated for 4 hrs followed by compound washout measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-27, Volume: 60, Issue:8	Hydroxypyridinone and 5-Aminolaevulinic Acid Conjugates for Photodynamic Therapy.
AID519396	Induction of photoactive porphyrins in Escherichia coli Ti05 assessed as porphyrin level per 10'-6 CFU microbial load incubated at 1 mM followed by irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light relative to untreated control	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID1481972	Phototoxicity in human KB cells assessed as reduction in cell viability preincubated for 4 hrs followed by irradiation with blue light at 2.5 J/cm2 and subsequent incubation for 18 hrs measured after 24 hrs post treatment by MTT assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-27, Volume: 60, Issue:8	Hydroxypyridinone and 5-Aminolaevulinic Acid Conjugates for Photodynamic Therapy.
AID625280	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID347395	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7/DX cells after 72 hrs by Hoechst test	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID1304414	Cytotoxicity against human A431 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 2 uM preincubated for 4 hrs followed by 5 J/cm'-2 red light irradiation measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 24, Issue:13	Comparing the efficacy of photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy in non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer.
AID347396	Increase in ROS production in human U251 cells at 100 uM after 4 hrs by FACS	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID625291	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625283	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID347418	Induction of apoptosis in human U251 cells assessed as viable cells at 100 uM after 48 hrs using annexin-V FITC and PI staining by flow cytometry in presence of Ac-LEHD-CHO	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID92023	Inhibition constant (Ki) for human intestinal peptide carrier	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-18, Volume: 46, Issue:26	Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship analyses of peptide substrates of the mammalian H+/peptide cotransporter PEPT1.
AID371989	Drug uptake in human A549 cells assessed as intracellular 5-aminolaevulinic acid level per mg of protein at 0.1 mM after 4 hrs	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13	Improved peptide prodrugs of 5-ALA for PDT: rationalization of cellular accumulation and protoporphyrin IX production by direct determination of cellular prodrug uptake and prodrug metabolization.
AID519397	Induction of photoactive porphyrins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa assessed as porphyrin level per 10'-6 CFU microbial load incubated at 1 mM followed by irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light relative to untreated control	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID1079931	Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID347406	Increase in protoporphyrin 9 levels in human U251 cells at 100 uM after 24 hrs relative to control	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID1079943	Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID1564486	Prodrug activation in human HCT116 cells assessed as increase in GSH-mediated PpIX production at 100 to 300 uM incubated for 4 hrs by fluorescence based assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID1564444	Chemical stability of the compound in buffer at 1M at pH 9 by HPLC analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID519380	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli K-12 assessed as reduction in microbial viability incubated at 40 mM followed by irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID519391	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli K-12 assessed as microbial survival fraction incubated at 0.1 mM followed by irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light relative to untreated control	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID1304417	Cytotoxicity against human A431 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 1 uM preincubated for 4 hrs followed by 90 J/cm'-2 ultrasound irradiation measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 24, Issue:13	Comparing the efficacy of photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy in non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer.
AID625282	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID347416	Induction of apoptosis in human U251 cells assessed as early apoptotic cells at 100 uM after 48 hrs using annexin-V FITC and PI staining by flow cytometry in presence of Ac-LEHD-CHO	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID347417	Induction of necrosis in human U251 cells assessed as necrotic cells at 100 uM after 48 hrs using annexin-V FITC and PI staining by flow cytometry in presence of Ac-LEHD-CHO	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID1564488	Prodrug activation in human A375 cells assessed as increase in GSH-mediated PpIX production at 100 to 300 uM incubated for 4 hrs by fluorescence based assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID625292	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID519389	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli K-12 assessed as reduction in microbial viability incubated at 40 mM for 4 hrs under dark condition	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID406571	Antagonist activity at human GABAc Rho1 receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as whole cell current production by two electrode voltage clamp method	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-10, Volume: 51, Issue:13	Novel gamma-aminobutyric acid rho1 receptor antagonists; synthesis, pharmacological activity and structure-activity relationships.
AID1079945	Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID1079946	Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID371987	Drug uptake in mouse PAM212 cells assessed as intracellular 5-aminolaevulinic acid level per mg of protein at 1 mM after 4 hrs	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13	Improved peptide prodrugs of 5-ALA for PDT: rationalization of cellular accumulation and protoporphyrin IX production by direct determination of cellular prodrug uptake and prodrug metabolization.
AID347423	Induction of apoptosis in human U251 cells assessed as late apoptotic cells at 100 uM after 48 hrs using annexin-V FITC and PI staining by flow cytometry in presence of Ac-LEHD-CHO	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID1564464	Photosensitization activity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 4 hrs followed by LED light array irradiation followed by further incubation for 24 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID462612	Permeability across artificial membrane assessed as compound transport at 200 uM after 4 hrs by PAMPA using HPLC/MS method	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 53, Issue:6	N-methyl phenylalanine-rich peptides as highly versatile blood-brain barrier shuttles.
AID1079932	Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID1079947	Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID1564458	Prodrug activation in human HeLa cells assessed as increase in GSH-mediated PpIX production at 300 uM incubated for 4 hrs by fluorescence based assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID1079933	Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID347412	Inhibition of 26S proteasome activity in human U251 cells at 100 uM after 48 hrs relative to control	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID588971	Substrates of transporters of clinical importance in the absorption and disposition of drugs, PEPT2	2010	Nature reviews. Drug discovery, Mar, Volume: 9, Issue:3	Membrane transporters in drug development.
AID625286	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID347408	Antiproliferative activity against human U251 cells assessed as PpIX release after 72 hrs by Hoechst test	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID1564487	Prodrug activation in human A549 cells assessed as increase in GSH-mediated PpIX production at 100 to 300 uM incubated for 4 hrs by fluorescence based assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID681124	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Gly-Sar uptake in PEPT2-expressing LLC-PK1 cells	2000	Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, Sep, Volume: 440, Issue:5	Structural requirements for determining the substrate affinity of peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2.
AID477295	Octanol-water partition coefficient, log P of the compound	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 45, Issue:4	QSPR modeling of octanol/water partition coefficient of antineoplastic agents by balance of correlations.
AID347394	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by Hoechst test	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID1552007	Photodynamic antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori infected in patient assessed as bacterial eradication at 20 mg/lg, po after 4 hrs in presence of blue light relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 175	Porphyrinoid photosensitizers mediated photodynamic inactivation against bacteria.
AID347420	Induction of necrosis in human U251 cells assessed as necrotic cells at 100 uM after 48 hrs using annexin-V FITC and PI staining by flow cytometry	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID1564442	Chemical stability of the compound in buffer at 1M at pH 4 by HPLC analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID1564482	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as cell viability at 10 to 1000 uM incubated for 4 hrs measured under dark conditions by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID625290	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1304416	Cytotoxicity against human A431 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 2 uM preincubated for 4 hrs followed by 90 J/cm'-2 ultrasound irradiation measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 24, Issue:13	Comparing the efficacy of photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy in non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer.
AID1564465	Photosensitization activity against human HeLa cells assessed as cell viability at 100 uM incubated for 4 hrs followed by LED light array irradiation followed by further incubation for 24 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID371994	Phototoxicity against mouse PAM212 cells assessed as cell viability at 0.01 mM after 4 hrs irradiated with 2.5 J/cm2 blue light by MTT assay relative to control	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13	Improved peptide prodrugs of 5-ALA for PDT: rationalization of cellular accumulation and protoporphyrin IX production by direct determination of cellular prodrug uptake and prodrug metabolization.
AID347426	Induction of apoptosis in human U251 cells assessed as early apoptotic cells at 100 uM after 48 hrs using annexin-V FITC and PI staining by flow cytometry in presence of Z-Asp-2,6-dichlorobenzoyloxymethylketone	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID347411	Inhibition of 26S proteasome activity in human U251 cells at 1 mM after 48 hrs	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID347397	Increase in ROS production in human U251 cells at 100 uM after 4 hrs by FACS in presence of N-acetyl-L-cysteine	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID371993	Phototoxicity against mouse PAM212 cells assessed as cell viability at 0.1 mM after 4 hrs irradiated with 2.5 J/cm2 blue light by MTT assay relative to control	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13	Improved peptide prodrugs of 5-ALA for PDT: rationalization of cellular accumulation and protoporphyrin IX production by direct determination of cellular prodrug uptake and prodrug metabolization.
AID1564480	n-octanol/water partition coefficient, log P of the compound at 1M incubated for 0.5 hrs by HPLC analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID681125	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Gly-Sar uptake in PEPT1-expressing LLC-PK1 cells	2000	Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, Sep, Volume: 440, Issue:5	Structural requirements for determining the substrate affinity of peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2.
AID625287	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID347409	Antiproliferative activity against human U251 cells assessed as PpIX release pretreated 72 hrs before 360-410 nm light photosensitization measured after 48 hrs by Hoechst test	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID519394	Antibacterial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus assessed as microbial survival fraction incubated at 10 mM followed by irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light relative to untreated control	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID1304415	Cytotoxicity against human A431 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 1 uM preincubated for 4 hrs followed by 5 J/cm'-2 red light irradiation measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 24, Issue:13	Comparing the efficacy of photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy in non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer.
AID1564455	Prodrug activation in human HeLa cells assessed as increase in GSH-mediated PpIX production at 10 to 300 uM incubated for 4 hrs by fluorescence based assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID347421	Induction of apoptosis in human U251 cells assessed as early apoptotic cells at 100 uM after 48 hrs using annexin-V FITC and PI staining by flow cytometry	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID462611	Effective permeability across artificial membrane at 200 uM by PAMPA using HPLC/MS method	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 53, Issue:6	N-methyl phenylalanine-rich peptides as highly versatile blood-brain barrier shuttles.
AID347407	Increase in protoporphyrin 9 levels in human U251 cells at 200 uM after 24 hrs relative to control	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID1564472	Photosensitization activity against human HCT116 cells assessed as cell viability at 100 uM incubated for 4 hrs followed by LED light array irradiation followed by further incubation for 24 hrs by MTT assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID347425	Induction of necrosis in human U251 cells assessed as necrotic cells at 100 uM after 48 hrs using annexin-V FITC and PI staining by flow cytometry in presence of Z-Asp-2,6-dichlorobenzoyloxymethylketone	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID347392	Cytotoxicity against human U251 cells after 72 hrs by Hoechst test	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23	Novel multifunctional acyloxyalkyl ester prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid display improved anticancer activity independent and dependent on photoactivation.
AID371990	Drug uptake in human A549 cells assessed as PpIX production per mg of protein at 0.1 mM after 4 hrs	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13	Improved peptide prodrugs of 5-ALA for PDT: rationalization of cellular accumulation and protoporphyrin IX production by direct determination of cellular prodrug uptake and prodrug metabolization.
AID1745854	NCATS anti-infectives library activity on HEK293 viability as a counter-qHTS vs the C. elegans viability qHTS	2023	Disease models & mechanisms, 03-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3	In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology.
AID1745855	NCATS anti-infectives library activity on the primary C. elegans qHTS viability assay	2023	Disease models & mechanisms, 03-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3	In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology.
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	912 (14.81)	18.7374
1990's	774 (12.56)	18.2507
2000's	1537 (24.95)	29.6817
2010's	2054 (33.34)	24.3611
2020's	883 (14.33)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	665 (10.27%)	5.53%
Reviews	599 (9.25%)	6.00%
Case Studies	619 (9.56%)	4.05%
Observational	33 (0.51%)	0.25%
Other	4,559 (70.41%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (152)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Phase 1 Study of Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) to Enhance Visualization and Resection of Malignant Glial Tumors of the Brain [NCT01148966]	Phase 1	6 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-06-30	Terminated
Noninvasive Imaging Techniques to Monitor Photosensitizer and Singlet Oxygen Levels During Photodynamic Therapy of Actinic Keratoses [NCT05923060]	Phase 2	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-04-30	Not yet recruiting
A Non-randomized, Open-label, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of BF-200 ALA (Ameluz®) in the Expanded Field-directed Treatment of Actinic Keratosis on the Face and Scalp With Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) [NCT05060237]	Phase 1	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-12-01	Completed
A Randomized, Double Blind, Vehicle-controlled, Multicenter Phase II Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of BF-200 ALA (Ameluz®) and BF-RhodoLED® in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Acne Vulgaris in Adults With Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) [NCT05080764]	Phase 2	126 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-12-10	Recruiting
Subject Reported Outcomes on Satisfaction, Safety and Efficacy With Luxerm® in the Field-directed Treatment of Thin or Non-hyperkeratotic and Non-pigmented Actinic Keratosis of the Face or the Scalp [NCT03511326]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-06-07	Completed
Conventional Photodynamic Therapy vs. Painless Photodynamic Therapy for Small Genital Warts：a Randomized, Open-label Trial [NCT03948321]		20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-05-10	Recruiting
An Open-label Phase I Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics of 5-aminolevulinic Acid and Protoporphyrin IX in Human Plasma Under Maximal Use Conditions After Topical Application of 3 Tubes of BF-200 ALA 10% Gel for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) in Subjects [NCT04319159]	Phase 1	48 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-03-05	Completed
Clinical Study of the Utility of a Novel Exoscope System for 5-ALA Fluorescence-Guided Surgery for Gliomas [NCT04055688]		20 participants (Actual)	Observational	2019-08-15	Completed
Photodynamic Therapy for Papulopustular Rosacea [NCT02075671]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-24	Completed
A Phase 3 Multicenter Study of Gleolan (Aminolevulinic Acid Hydrochloride) to Enhance Visualization of Tumor in Patients With Newly Diagnosed or Recurrent Meningiomas [NCT04305470]	Phase 3	108 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-10-28	Active, not recruiting
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Multi-Center Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of BF-200 ALA Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis (AK) When Using PDT [NCT02799082]	Phase 3	122 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-12-31	Completed
A Phase 2 Study of Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) to Enhance Visualization and Resection of Malignant Glial Tumors of the Brain [NCT01351519]	Phase 2	16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-05-31	Terminated(stopped due to Limited staff available for enrollment and limited availability of drug)
Surgical Excision Versus Photodynamic Therapy and Topical 5-fluorouracil in Treatment of Bowen's Disease: a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03909646]	Phase 4	250 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-05-27	Recruiting
A Phase I Study for Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma to Determine the Irradiance - Dependent Pain Threshold for Methylaminolevulinate (MAL)/PDT. [NCT01292668]	Phase 1	21 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-03-31	Completed
A Prospective Multi-center Clinical Study Evaluating the Use of PD G 506 A and the Eagle V1.2 Imaging System for the Visualization of Carcinoma During Breast Conserving Surgery [NCT04815083]	Phase 3	370 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-04-27	Recruiting
Use of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid to Assess Bone and Tissue Profusion in Orthopaedic Infection Patients [NCT04976049]		0 participants (Actual)	Observational	2021-08-13	Withdrawn(stopped due to Principle Investigator decided not to pursue study)
Aminolevulinic Acid-photodynamic Therapy for Facial Actinic Keratosis Treatment and Prevention: A Long-term (3 Years) Follow-up of Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter-clinical Trial [NCT03642535]	Phase 4	300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-08-30	Recruiting
5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) Gliolan®: Usage Increase Proposal for Neurosurgical Procedures in High-Grade Gliomas [NCT05850377]		90 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2023-06-01	Not yet recruiting
Barrow ALA Trial for Recurrent Gliomas [NCT02119338]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-02-28	Recruiting
A Double-blind Randomized-controlled Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Methyl Aminolevulinate + Daylight vs Placebo + Daylight in Patients With Facial Photodamage [NCT02139618]	Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
An Investigator Initiated Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Aminolevulinic Acid 20% Topical Solution (Levulan® Kerastick®) (ALA) + Blue Light in the Treatment of Facial Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Situ (isSCC) [NCT06159842]	Phase 2	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-08-08	Recruiting
A Randomized, Observer Blind, Multinational Phase III Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of a Nanoemulsion Gel Formulation BF-200 ALA, in Comparison With Metvix® and Placebo, for the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis With PDT [NCT02799069]	Phase 3	571 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-04-30	Completed
Twelve Month Follow-Up Evaluation of Subjects Participating in DUSA-CP0108 (A Phase 3 Study of Photodynamic Therapy With Levulan Kerastick Topical Solution + Blue Light Versus Topical Solution Vehicle + Blue Light for the Treatment of Actinic Keratoses on [NCT02209012]		206 participants (Actual)	Observational	2014-08-31	Completed
Conventional Photodynamic Therapy vs. Painless Photodynamic Therapy for Moderate or Severe Acne#a Randomized, Open-label Trial [NCT03961607]		20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-05-10	Recruiting
A Phase 2 Study of Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) to Enhance Visualization and Resection of Primary Glial Neoplasms of the Brain. [NCT00961090]	Phase 2	72 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Completed
Blue Light Cystoscopy With Cysview® Registry [NCT02660645]		4,400 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2014-04-30	Recruiting
A Double-blind, Placebo Controlled Study to Assess Efficacy of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in Subjects With Iron Deficiency Anemia [NCT01380548]		135 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-06-30	Completed
An Evaluation of the Tolerability and Feasibility of Combining 5-Amino-Levulinic Acid (5-ALA) With Carmustine Wafers (Gliadel) in the Surgical Management of Primary Glioblastoma (GALA-5 Trial) [NCT01310868]	Phase 2	59 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-05-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Methyl Aminolevulinate + Aktilite in Patients With Facial Photodamage [NCT00629317]	Phase 3	49 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-02-29	Completed
A Randomized, Double Blind, Vehicle-controlled Multicenter Phase III Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of BF-200 ALA (Ameluz®) and BF-RhodoLED® in the Treatment of Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma (sBCC) With Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). [NCT03573401]	Phase 3	186 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-09-25	Active, not recruiting
Fluorescence-Guided Detection of Malignant Gliomas: A Dose Ranging Study Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) Induced Protoporphyrin (PpIX) in a Multicenter Phase II Clinical Trial [NCT00752323]	Phase 2	73 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-12-08	Completed
A Blinded, Randomized, Intra-individual, Vehicle-controlled and Multi-centre Study of Photodynamic Therapy With MAL Cream in Patients With Skin Type V or VI With Acne Vulgaris [NCT00673933]	Phase 2	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-05-31	Completed
A Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial of Topical Photodynamic Therapy With 5-aminolevulinic Acid for the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis [NCT02799030]	Phase 2	105 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-10-31	Completed
Short Contact Protocols to Reduce Pain During Treatment of Actinic Keratoses With 10% ALA Gel Red-light Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) [NCT06027619]	Phase 2	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-02	Recruiting
Pilot Study for the Use of Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis [NCT03114111]	Early Phase 1	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Completed
UCI 14-92 / HS#2015-1889: Phase IV Study of Daylight Photodynamic Therapy With Aminolevulinic Acid for Actinic Keratoses [NCT03327831]	Phase 4	31 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-30	Completed
A Laser Detection for Bladder Cancer by (Photodynamic) Spectra of Urine [NCT02101931]	Phase 3	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-03-31	Completed
A Prospective, Comparative Within Patient Controlled, Multi-center Study of Hexvix Blue Light Cystoscopy and White Light Cystoscopy in the Detection of Bladder Cancer [NCT05600322]	Phase 3	158 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-11-03	Completed
Evaluation of the Feasibility of PD L 506 for Stereotactic Interstitial Photodynamic Therapy (iPDT) in Adult Patients With Newly Diagnosed Supratentorial IDH Wild-type Glioblastoma [NCT03897491]	Phase 2	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-09-03	Recruiting
Thermo-mechanical Fractional Injury Enhances Skin Surface- and Epidermal- Protoporphyrin IX Fluorescence: Comparison of 5-aminolevulinic Acid in Cream and Gel Vehicles [NCT04221126]	Phase 4	16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-04-29	Completed
Clinical Phase I/II Study on 5-aminolevulinic Acid Hydrochloride (5-ALA) for Fluorescence-guided Resection of Malignant Gliomas [NCT02755142]	Phase 1/Phase 2	21 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2000-02-29	Completed
A Randomised Trial Comparing Methyl Aminolaevulinate Photodynamic Therapy With and Without Ablative Fractional Laser Treatment in Patients With Microinvasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Results From a 24-month Follow-up [NCT02666534]	Phase 1	45 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-01-31	Completed
Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Stereotactical Photodynamic Therapy With 5-aminolevulinic Acid (Gliolan®) in Recurrent Glioblastoma [NCT04469699]	Phase 2	106 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-04-12	Recruiting
[NCT00711178]		150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-06-30	Completed
Co-registered Fluorescence-Enhanced Resection of Brain Tumors Stage I: Correlation With MR and Biopsy [NCT00870779]	Phase 1	105 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-05-31	Completed
A Phase 1 and 2 Study of 5-aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) to Enhance Visualisation and Resection of Malignant Glial Tumors of the Brain [NCT00977795]	Phase 1/Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to PI moving to Southern Illinois University to start new protocol)
Comparative Intraindividual Study, About the Efficacy and Safety of Treatment of Actinic Keratoses With Photodynamic Therapy Between Acid Methyl Aminolevulinate Cream and Aminolevulinic Gel [NCT02647151]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-12-31	Recruiting
Pain Relief During Photodynamic Therapy for Actinic Keratoses With a New Irradiation Protocol [NCT02644187]		30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-12-31	Completed
Diagnostic Performance of Fluorescein as an Intraoperative Brain Tumor Biomarker: Correlation With Preoperative MR, ALA-induced PpIX Fluorescence, and Histopathology [NCT02691923]	Phase 2	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Recruiting
Quantification of ALA-induced PpIX Fluorescence During Brain Tumor Resection [NCT02191488]	Phase 1	540 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Active, not recruiting
Modification of Extracorporeal Photopheresis Technology With 5-aminolevulinic Acid in Patients With Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma or Chronic Graft-versus-host Disease - A Proof-of-concept Study [NCT03109353]	Phase 1/Phase 2	7 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-20	Completed
Topical 5-ALA-PDT With Blu-U Therapy Vs. Topical 5-ALA With Pulse Dye Laser In Treatine Recalcitrant Acne Vulgaris [NCT00814918]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-02-28	Withdrawn
Investigation of the Effectiveness of Non-Coherent Blue Light in Intralesional Photodynamic of Basal Cell Carcinoma [NCT00747903]	Phase 2	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-02-29	Recruiting
Photodynamic Therapy for Prevention of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in Organ Transplant Recipients [NCT02751151]		10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-29	Completed
Barrow 5-ALA Intraoperative Confocal Evaluation Trial [NCT01502280]	Phase 3	127 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-11-30	Completed
An Exploratory, Open-label Study of Sequential Field-directed Treatment of Actinic Keratoses of the Face With Imiquimod 3.75% Cream Followed by Photodynamic Therapy [NCT01203878]	Phase 4	21 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-09-30	Terminated(stopped due to Unable to reach target enrollment of 60 subjects)
Photodynamic Therapy for Cutibacterium Acnes (C. Acnes) Decolonization of the Shoulder Dermis [NCT04636242]	Phase 3	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-08-22	Enrolling by invitation
A Split-Face Clinical Trial of Conventional Photodynamic Therapy Versus Daylight Photodynamic Therapy for The Treatment of Acne Vulgaris [NCT04631250]		15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-11-01	Completed
Tolerability and Efficacy of Daylight Aminolevulinic-acid-photodynamic Therapy (ALA-PDT) Compared With Conventional ALA-PDT for Treatment of Actinic Keratosis on the Face or Scalp [NCT03322293]	Phase 1	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-12-01	Completed
A Phase 3 Multicenter Study of Gleolan™ (Aminolevulinic Acid Hydrochloride) to Enhance Visualization of Tumor in Patients With Suspected Newly Diagnosed or Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [NCT05804370]	Phase 3	170 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-07-31	Not yet recruiting
Phase I/II Dose Escalation Trial of Radiodynamic Therapy (RDT) With 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in Patients With First Recurrence of Glioblastoma [NCT05590689]	Phase 1/Phase 2	34 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-11-09	Recruiting
A Randomized, Evaluator-Blinded, Parallel Group Comparison of PDT With Levulan Topical Solution + Blue Light vs Levulan Topical Solution Vehicle + Blue Light for the Treatment of AK and Reduction of New NMSC in Organ Transplant Recipients [NCT00865878]	Phase 2	6 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-05-31	Terminated(stopped due to Orphan Drug Designation for this indication not granted)
Photodynamic Therapy for Premalignant and Early Stage Head and Neck Tumors [NCT00978081]	Phase 1	35 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-01-31	Completed
A Combined Phase I/II Single Site Study to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) Utilizing 5-aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) and PDT in the Treatment of Premalignant Oral and/or Oropharynx Lesions. [NCT00571974]	Phase 1/Phase 2	29 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-01-31	Completed
Photodynamic Therapy With Metil 5-aminolevulinate for Actinic Cheilitis - A Phase 2 Randomized Double-blind Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT03990636]	Phase 2	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-10-17	Not yet recruiting
Phase I Study of Photodynamic Therapy Using Pulsed Dye Laser and Oral Aminolevulinic Acid in Patients With Oral Leukoplakia [NCT00571558]	Phase 1	15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-03-31	Terminated
OPTIC-III Prospective Non-Interventional Study To Optimize Photodynamic TUR-B In Clinical Practice [NCT02012036]		400 participants (Actual)	Observational	2013-07-31	Completed
A Pilot Clinical Trial To Reduce Side-Effects Of Photodynamic Therapy For The Treatment Of Moderate To Severe Acne [NCT01689935]	Phase 1	35 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-11-30	Completed
A Pilot Study of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) to Enhance Visualization of Pituitary Adenomas [NCT04390802]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-07-31	Not yet recruiting
An Interventional, Non-randomized, Phase 1/2, Light Dose-escalation Study to Investigate the Safety and Feasibility of Intraoperative Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) With Pentalafen® Drug and Heliance®Solution Device in Male and Female Patients 18 to 69 Years [NCT05736406]	Phase 1/Phase 2	12 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-31	Not yet recruiting
Safety and Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy With Aminolevulinic Acid 10% Topical Gel Activated by Red Light Versus Aminolevulinic Acid 20% Topical Solution Activated by Blue Light for the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis on the Upper Extremities: A Blinded [NCT05359419]	Phase 4	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-05-15	Not yet recruiting
A Pilot Study to Investigate the Use of Topical Levulan® With Vbeam® Laser for the Treatment of Actinic Keratoses [NCT00524485]		12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-05-31	Terminated(stopped due to Withdrawn due to low accrual)
A Randomized, Evaluator-blinded, Bilateral Comparison of the Treatment of Facial Actinic Keratoses Using Combination Microneedling and Photodynamic Therapy With Aminolevulinic Acid and Blue Light Versus Photodynamic Therapy With Aminolevulinic Acid and Bl [NCT02622594]	Phase 4	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-10-31	Completed
Daylight Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Actinic Keratoses in the Northeast United States [NCT02867722]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-12-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to The PI decided to not proceed with the trial due to lack of funding.)
Photodynamic Therapy for Melanoma Precursor Lesion Lentigo Maligna Using 5-aminolevulinic Acid Nanoemulsion (BF-200 ALA) as a Light Sensitizing Cream [NCT02685592]	Phase 4	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-29	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Painless 5-aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Moderate and Severe Acne Vulgaris-- A Multi-center, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT04167982]		234 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-03-28	Recruiting
Evaluation of Protoporphyrin Formation in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers After Topical Application of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid: A Pilot Study [NCT00663910]	Early Phase 1	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-03-31	Terminated(stopped due to Of the 8 histologically proven tumors, detection of PpIX proved to be ambiguous.)
A Phase 1 and 2 Study of Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) to Enhance Visualization and Resection of Malignant Glial Tumors of the Brain [NCT00671710]	Phase 1	26 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-04-30	Completed
A Pilot, Double-blind, Randomized, Parallel-group, Placebo-controlled, Exploratory Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic Acid Hydrochloride (5-ALA HCl) and Sodium Ferrous Citrate (SFC) Added on Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy ( [NCT04020653]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-09-06	Withdrawn(stopped due to Considering the Thai FDA requirement, changes of Malaria cases in Thailand and EC recommendation, the decision to withdrawal the study was made.)
Daylight Photodynamic Therapy for Actinic Keratosis and Skin Field Cancerization - Clinical and Histopathological Analysis [NCT03013647]		20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-09-30	Recruiting
Low-cost Enabling Technology for Image-guided Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) of Oral [NCT03638622]	Phase 1/Phase 2	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-03-10	Completed
Methyl Aminolevulinate (MAL) and Hexaminolevulinate (HAL) Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)of Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions (SIL) - a Double-blind Dose-finding Study [NCT00369018]	Phase 1/Phase 2	96 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2006-08-31	Completed
Treatment of Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma by Topical Photodynamic Therapy With Fractionated 5-aminolevulinic Acid 20% Versus Two Stage Topical Photodynamic Therapy With Methylaminolevulinate [NCT01491711]	Phase 4	162 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-08-31	Recruiting
Compassionate Use of Metvix® (Methyl Aminolevulinate) PDT in Subjects With Field Actinic Keratoses, Large/Multiple Superficial BCCs, or Bowen's Disease [NCT00535080]		0 participants	Expanded Access		No longer available
A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Safety and Feasibility of Sonodynamic Therapy Using the ExAblate MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound in the Treatment of Cerebral Glioblastomas. [NCT04845919]	Phase 2	5 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-02-28	Not yet recruiting
A Phase 2 Study of the Effect of Microneedle Lesion Preparation, Incubation Time and Light Power Density on Photodynamic Therapy With Levulan Kerastick (Aminolevulinic Acid HCl) for Topical Solution, 20% + Blue Light for the Field Treatment of Actinic Ker [NCT02632110]	Phase 2	137 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Completed
A Randomized Controlled Blinded Multi-centre Study of Photodynamic Therapy With Methyl-aminolevulinate Comparing a Simplified Regime With the Approved Regime in Patients With Clinical Low-risk Superficial and Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma. [NCT01482104]		277 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-06-30	Completed
Topical Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) With Levulan® Kerastick® for Benign Dermal Neurofibromas Phase II [NCT02728388]	Phase 2	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-08-31	Recruiting
Laser-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy of Acne Vulgaris and Rosacea [NCT00483145]		0 participants	Interventional	2006-11-30	Completed
Piezoelectric Drived Microneedling in Treating Refractory Skin Diseases: A Pilot Study [NCT05488860]		20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-30	Recruiting
A Multicenter, Phase III, Randomised Study of Photodynamic Therapy With Metvix Cream 160 mg/g in Comparison With Cryotherapy in Patients With Primary Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma [NCT00469417]	Phase 3	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1999-10-31	Completed
A Randomized Phase II Study of Hexaminolevulinate (HAL) Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) in Patients With Low-grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN1) [NCT00708942]	Phase 2	83 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-01-31	Terminated(stopped due to Slow recruitment, study stopped with only 13 of 70 patients included in second part of the study)
A Phase I/II Study of Neoadjuvant Photodynamic Immunomodulation for Colon Cancer [NCT01522677]	Phase 1/Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-08-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Slow accrual)
A Phase II Study of Photodynamic Therapy With LEVULAN® Topical Solution + Blue Light Versus LEVULAN® Topical Solution Vehicle + Blue Light Using Spot and Broad Area Application and Incubation Times of 1, 2 and 3 Hours for the Treatment of Multiple Actinic [NCT01475955]	Phase 2	235 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-12-31	Completed
A Pilot Study of Short (1-2.5 h), Medium (4-6 h) and Long (18-24 h) Applications of 20% Topical ALA-PDT for Photodynamic Therapy of Cutaneous T and B Cell Lymphomas and Cutaneous Infiltrates of Early CLL [NCT00054171]	Phase 2	1 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1999-02-28	Completed
Non-interventional Study Investigating Photodynamic Therapy With Artificial Daylight Under Routine Clinical Conditions in Patients With Actinic Keratosis (ArtLight) [NCT05725213]		350 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2022-11-01	Recruiting
A Randomized, Double-blind, Phase III, Multi-center Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of BF-200 ALA (Ameluz®) Versus Placebo in the Field-directed Treatment of Mild to Moderate Actinic Keratosis With Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) When Using the BF-Rh [NCT01966120]	Phase 3	87 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-10-31	Completed
Intraoperative MRI and 5-ALA Guidance to Improve the Extent of Resection in Brain Tumor Surgery [NCT01798771]		108 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-03-31	Not yet recruiting
A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating 5-aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy With Different Incubation Times for the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis [NCT03066843]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-03-01	Active, not recruiting
[NCT00594425]	Phase 2	150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-02-28	Completed
A Prospective, Open, Comparative, Within Patient Controlled Multicenter Phase 3 Study of Blue Light Cystoscopy With Cysview and White Light Cystoscopy Using KARL STORZ D-Light C PDD Flexible Videoscope System in Detection of Bladder Cancer in Patients Wit [NCT02560584]	Phase 3	304 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-10-01	Completed
The Role of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Fluorescence-Guided Surgery in Head and Neck Cancers: a Pilot Trial [NCT05101798]	Phase 2	26 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-09-14	Recruiting
Adverse Effects of ALA-PDT for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Acne [NCT04709289]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-01	Completed
Improving Fluorescence-guided Brain Tumour Surgery With Ultra-high Sensitivity Imaging [NCT04556929]		20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-03-19	Recruiting
Fluorescence-guided Resection of Malignant Gliomas With 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) vs. Conventional Resection [NCT00241670]	Phase 3	415 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1999-10-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Double Blind, Vehicle-Controlled, Randomized Study of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) With Metvix 160 Mg/g Cream and Aktilite CL128 LED Light in Patients With Multiple Actinic Keratosis on the Face and/or Scalp [NCT00306800]	Phase 3	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2007-09-30	Completed
Phase I Study of Orally Administered Aminolevulinic Acid for Resection of Malignant Astrocytomas [NCT01502605]	Phase 1	6 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-09-30	Terminated(stopped due to PI leaving institution)
Supplement 5-ALA And Sleep And Mood Study [NCT01508741]		85 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-01-31	Completed
"A Multicenter, Open Phase II Study to Assess the Effect and Safety of Low Dose Photodynamic Therapy in Patients With Moderate to Severe Active Distal Ulcerative Colitis" [NCT01697670]	Phase 1	7 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-09-30	Recruiting
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) With Levulan and Blue Light for the Treatment of Actinic Cheilitis [NCT02409732]	Phase 4	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-30	Completed
A Pharmacokinetic Study of Levulan Kerastick (Aminolevulinic Acid HCl) for Topical Solution, 20% Under Maximal Use Conditions [NCT02281136]	Phase 2	29 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-12-31	Completed
A Multicenter Phase II Study of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) to Enhance Visualization and Resection of Newly Diagnosed or Recurrent Malignant Gliomas [NCT01445691]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-11-30	Withdrawn
Pilot Trial Comparing Two Different Wavelengths of Light (Blue Versus Red) During Levulan™-Based Photodynamic Therapy of Basal Cell Carcinoma in Patients With Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome [NCT02157623]		3 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-01	Completed
Conventional Photodynamic Therapy vs. Painless Photodynamic Therapy for Actinic Keratosis#a Randomized, Open-label Trial [NCT04396184]		10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-05-01	Recruiting
Prevalence of Acute Hepatic Porphyria in Population With Suggestive Clinical Picture [NCT04923516]		500 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-06-30	Not yet recruiting
Phase III Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA HCl) Fluorescence-guided Microsurgery Versus Conventional White Light Microsurgical Resection in Patients With Malignant Gliomas (WHO Grade 3/4) [NCT06160492]	Phase 3	144 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-02-29	Not yet recruiting
A Pilot Study of Photodynamic Therapy in Refractory Plaques and Tumors of Mycosis Fungoides [NCT03281811]	Early Phase 1	11 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-11-13	Completed
"An Open Multicenter, Phase III Study of Photodynamic Therapy With Metvix® Cream 160 mg/g in Patients With High Risk Basal Cell Carcinoma" [NCT00473343]	Phase 3	102 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2000-09-30	Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Cross-over Study to Assess Efficacy of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in Type 2 Diabetic Patients on Medication. [NCT01610778]		35 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-05-31	Completed
Clinical Safety Study on 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) in Children and Adolescents With Supratentorial Brain Tumors [NCT04738162]	Phase 2	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-09-25	Recruiting
A Phase II Randomized, Open Label Trial Comparing the Effects of Intermittent Vismodegib Versus PDT on the Maintenance of Benefit Following 7 Months of Continuous Vismodegib Treatment in Patients With Multiple Basal Cell Carcinomas [NCT01556009]	Phase 2	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-04-30	Completed
A Phase II Trial of 4-5 Hour and 18-24 Hour Applications of 20% Topical ALA for Photodynamic Therapy of Cutaneous Carcinomas and Actinic Keratoses [NCT00002975]	Phase 2	180 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1997-02-28	Completed
Cutaneous Absorption and Intralesional Penetration of Topical Amino-Levulinic Acid in Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma as Measured by In Situ Fluorescence and Intensified Video Fluorescence Microscopy [NCT00002963]	Phase 2	0 participants	Interventional	1993-11-30	Completed
Intraoperative Sonographically Guided Versus 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Fluorescence Guided Resection of Gliomas and Brain Metastases Enhancing Contrast Agent in Magnetic Resonance Imaging: a Randomised, Controlled, Noninferiority Trial [NCT05475522]		134 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-09-01	Recruiting
A Pharmacokinetic Study of Levulan Kerastick (Aminolevulinic Acid HCl) for Topical Solution, 20% Under Maximal Use Conditions [NCT02628236]	Phase 2	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-29	Completed
Treatment of AKs With Daylight-PDT: Comparing Two Photosensitizers (BF-200 ALA and MAL) [NCT01893203]	Phase 4	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-08-31	Completed
Intra-individual Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Metvix® Natural Daylight Photodynamic Therapy Versus Conventional Metvix® Photodynamic Therapy in Subject With Mild Actinic Keratoses. [NCT01475071]	Phase 3	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Completed
A Phase II Study of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)With LEVULAN® Topical Solution + Blue Light Versus LEVULAN® Topical Solution Vehicle + Blue Light for the Treatment of Actinic Keratoses on the Upper Extremities [NCT01458587]	Phase 2	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-11-30	Completed
A Randomized, Evaluator-blinded, Parallel Group Light Dose Ranging Study of Photodynamic Therapy With Levulan Topical Solution + Blue Light Versus Levulan Topical Solution Vehicle + Blue Light on Moderate to Severe Facial Acne Vulgaris [NCT00706433]	Phase 2	266 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-03-31	Completed
Long-term Efficacy of Ablative Fractional Laser-assisted Photodynamic Therapy for Treatment of Lower Extremity Bowen's Disease: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial With 5-year Follow up [NCT03320447]	Phase 1	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-10-30	Completed
Daylight Mediated Photodynamic Therapy for Actinic Keratoses: a Multicentre Study Comparing Two Photosensitizers (BF-200 ALA Versus MAL) [NCT02464709]	Phase 4	72 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-06-30	Completed
Blue Light Photodynamic Therapy Treatment for Distal and Lateral Subungual Toenail Onychomycosis [NCT03022903]		2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Completed
Cyclic PDT for the Prevention of Actinic Keratosis and Non Melanoma Skin Cancer in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients [NCT03110159]	Phase 1/Phase 2	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-08-29	Recruiting
Safety and Efficacy of Carbon Dioxide（CO2）Fractional Laser Combined With Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Female Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus [NCT05228483]		134 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-11-23	Recruiting
Superficial Basal Cell Cancer's Photodynamic Therapy: Comparing Three Photosensitizers: Hexylaminolevulinate and Aminolevulinic Acid Nano Emulsion Versus Methylaminolevulinate [NCT02367547]	Phase 1/Phase 2	117 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-03-31	Active, not recruiting
A Phase 2 Comparative Study of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) and Intraoperative MRI (iMRI) to Enhance Completeness of Resection of Glioblastoma [NCT01575275]	Phase 2	8 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-05-31	Terminated(stopped due to Drugs unavailable)
Photodynamic Therapy for Treatment of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Situ [NCT03025724]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Not yet recruiting
Photodynamic Therapy for Benign Dermal Neurofibromas Using Levulan Kerastick For Topical Solution, Plus Illumination With Red Light [NCT01682811]	Phase 1	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-03-12	Completed
A PHASE 2, SINGLE CENTRE, SINGLE ARM STUDY TO DETERMINE THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF 5- ALA POHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY AS ADJUVANT THERAPY AFTER SURGICAL DISSECTION IN PATIENTS WITH DESMOID TUMORS. [NCT01898416]	Phase 2	140 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-06-30	Recruiting
A Randomized, Double-blind, Vehicle-controlled, Multicenter Phase III Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of BF-200 ALA (Ameluz®) in the Field-directed Treatment of Actinic Keratosis on the Extremities and Neck/Trunk With Photodynamic [NCT05662202]	Phase 3	165 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-12-12	Active, not recruiting
Daylight-mediated Photodynamic Therapy of Actinic Keratoses: a Randomized, Double-blinded Pilot Study Comparing Topical 0.2% Hexylaminolaevulinate With 16% Methylaminolaevulinate [NCT02149342]	Phase 1/Phase 2	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Completed
Extracorporeal Photopheresis of Patients With Crohn's Disease Using 5-aminolevulinic Acid [NCT04164849]	Phase 1/Phase 2	10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-11-22	Recruiting
Alteration of the Immune Microenvironment in Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) Following Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) [NCT05020912]	Phase 2	28 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-12-13	Recruiting
A Phase 1 Multi-center Clinical Trial Evaluating the Safety and Tolerability of 5-aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) Combined With CV01 Delivery of Ultrasound for Sonodynamic Therapy(SDT) in Patients With Recurrent High Grade Glioma (HGG) [NCT05362409]	Phase 1	48 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-06-29	Recruiting
A RANDOMIZED, VEHICLE-CONTROLLED PHASE 3 STUDY TO PROVE THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF LEVULAN KERASTICK (AMINOLEVULINIC ACID HCl) FOR TOPICAL SOLUTION, 20% AND 10 J/CM2 OF BLUE LIGHT DELIVERED AT 10 MW/CM2 OR 20 MW/CM2 BY A NEW LIGHT SOURCE FOR THE TREATMENT [NCT03024060]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-03-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Study withdrawn due to corporate business decision)
A Phase 2 Study Comparing the Occurrence of Actinic Keratoses on the Face in High-Risk Individuals After Cryotherapy + Photodynamic Therapy With Levulan Topical Solution + Blue Light Versus Cryotherapy + Vehicle Topical Solution + Blue Light [NCT02239679]	Phase 2	166 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Completed
The Use of Microneedles in Photodynamic Therapy [NCT01812837]		51 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-07-31	Completed
A Phase 1 and 2 Study of 5-aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) to Enhance Visualisation and Resection of Malignant Glial Tumors of the Brain [NCT01128218]	Phase 1/Phase 2	33 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-03-31	Completed
Simultaneous Incubation/Illumination Versus Short Aminolevulinate Preincubation for Painless Photodynamic Therapy of Actinic Keratoses [NCT02124733]	Phase 3	23 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
The Use of Microneedles to Expedite Treatment Time in Photodynamic Therapy [NCT02594644]		32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-11-06	Completed
A Phase 3 Study of Photodynamic Therapy With Levulan Kerastick Topical Solution + Blue Light Versus Topical Solution Vehicle + Blue Light for the Treatment of Actinic Keratoses on the Upper Extremities [NCT02137785]	Phase 3	269 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Completed
A Randomized, Observer Blind, Multinational Phase III Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of BF-200 ALA (Ameluz®) in Comparison to Metvix® in the Treatment of Non-aggressive Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) With Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) [NCT02144077]	Phase 3	281 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-28	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT00473343 (6) [back to overview]	Recurrence Rate in Complete Clearance Group
NCT00473343 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Lesion With Complete Response 3 Months After Last Metvix PDT Cycle
NCT00473343 (6) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Histologically Confirmed Patient Complete Response (CR) 3 Months After Last Metvix PDT Cycle
NCT00473343 (6) [back to overview]	Overall Cosmetic Outcome Assessed by Investigator 24, 36, 48, and 60 Months After the Last Metvix PDT Cycle
NCT00473343 (6) [back to overview]	Overall Cosmetic Outcome Assessed by Investigator 3 Months After the Last Metvix PDT Cycle
NCT00473343 (6) [back to overview]	Overall Cosmetic Outcome Assessed by Participants 3 Months After the Last Metvix PDT Cycle
NCT00571974 (2) [back to overview]	The Objective Response Rate is the Number of Participants With Significant Response (SR), Partial Response (PR) or No Response (NR).
NCT00571974 (2) [back to overview]	Maximum Tolerated Dose
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Facial Pain Using Visual Analouge Scale From 0 to 10, Were 0 Indicates no Pain and 10 Indicates Worst Pain.
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hyperpigmentation After Last Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hyperpigmentation After First Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Erythema After Third Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Erythema After Second Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Erythema After Fourth Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Erythema After First Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Erythema After First Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Median Percentage Change in Facial Non Inflammatory Lesion Counts From Baseline
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Median Percentage Change in Facial Inflammatory (Nodules, Papules, and Pustules) Lesion Counts From Baseline
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Median Percentage Change in Facial Inflammatory (Nodules, Papules, and Pustules) Lesion Counts From Baseline
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hyperpigmentation After First Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Facial Pain Using Visual Analouge Scale From 0 to 10, Were 0 Indicates no Pain and 10 Indicates Worst Pain.
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Severe Erythema After Second Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Severe Erythema After Fourth Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Facial Pain Using Visual Analouge Scale From 0 to 10, Were 0 Indicates no Pain and 10 Indicates Worst Pain.
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Facial Pain Using Visual Analouge Scale From 0 to 10, Were 0 Indicates no Pain and 10 Indicates Worst Pain
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Change in Facial Inflammatory (Nodules, Papules, and Pustules) Lesion Counts From Baseline
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Change in Facial Inflammatory (Nodules, Papules, and Pustules) Lesion Counts
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Severe Erythema After First Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Severe Erythema 7 Days After First Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Severe Erythema 2 Days After First Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hypopigmentation After Last Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hypopigmentation After Last Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hypopigmentation After Last Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hypopigmentation After First Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hypopigmentation After First Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hyperpigmentation After Last Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hyperpigmentation After Last Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Severe Erythema After Third Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Proportion of Success, Defined as Improvement of at Least 2 Grades From Baseline According to the IGA Scale Based on Facial Assessment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Proportion of Success, Defined as Improvement of at Least 2 Grades From Baseline According to the IGA Scale Based on Facial Assessment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	Percent Reduction in Total Lesion Counts From Baseline
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]	The Proportion of Patients Rated as Clear or Almost Clear at 12 Weeks After Last Treatment
NCT00673933 (6) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Moderate to Severe Hypopigmentation and Hyperpigmentation Assessed After Treatment
NCT00673933 (6) [back to overview]	Erythema Score (Mild and Moderate)Immediately After Second Treatment
NCT00673933 (6) [back to overview]	Erythema Score (Mild and Moderate)Immediately After First PDT
NCT00673933 (6) [back to overview]	Change in Noninflammatory Lesion Counts From Baseline
NCT00673933 (6) [back to overview]	Change in Inflammatory Lesion Counts From Baseline
NCT00673933 (6) [back to overview]	Erythema Score (Mild and Moderate)1 Day After First Treatment
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation at Visit 3 (Week 3)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation at Visit 10 (6 Weeks After Final PDT)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation 48 Hours Post PDT #1
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation at Visit 9 (3 Weeks After Final PDT)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation at Visit 7 (Week 9)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation at Visit 5 (Week 6)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation at Visit 3 (Week 3)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation at Visit 10 (6 Weeks After Final PDT)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation 48 Hours After PDT #1
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Erythema at Visit 7 (Week 9 - Prior to Study Drug Application)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Erythema at Visit 7 (Week 9 - Pre Light Treatment)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Erythema at Visit 7 (Week 9 - Post Light Treatment)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Erythema at Visit 5 (Weeks 6 - Pre-light Treatment)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Erythema at Visit 5 (Week 6 - Prior to Study Drug Application)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Erythema at Visit 5 (Week 6 - Post Light Treatment)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Erythema at Visit 3 (Week 3 - Pre-light)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Erythema at Visit 3 (Week 3 - Pre Study Drug Application)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Erythema at Visit 3 (Week 3 - Post Light Treatment)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Erythema at Baseline (Pre-light)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Erythema at Baseline - Post Light Treatment
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Erythema 6 Weeks After Final PDT
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Erythema 48 Hours After PDT #1
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Erythema 3 Weeks After Final PDT
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Edema at Visit 7 (Week 9 - Prior to Light Treatment)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Edema at Visit 7 (Week 9 - Post Light Treatment)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Edema at Visit 7 (Week 9 - Before Study Drug Application)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Edema at Visit 5 (Week 6 - Pre Light Treatment)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Edema at Visit 5 (Week 6 - Post Light Treatment)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Edema at Visit 5 (Week 6 - Before Study Drug Application)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Edema at Visit 3 (Week 3 - Post Light Treatment)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Edema at Visit 3 (Week 3 - Before Study Drug Application)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Edema at Visit 3 (Week 3 - Before Light Treatment)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Edema at Baseline - Pre Light Treatment
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Edema at Baseline - Post Light Treatment
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Edema 6 Weeks After Final PDT
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Edema 48 Hours After PDT #1
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Edema 3 Weeks After Final PDT
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Percent Change in Inflammatory Lesion Counts Relative to Baseline
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Percent Change in Inflammatory Lesion Counts Relative to Baseline
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Change in Inflammatory Lesion Counts Relative to Baseline
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Change in Inflammatory Lesion Counts Relative to Baseline
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Scaling and Dryness at Visit 9 (3 Weeks After Final PDT)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Oozing/Vesiculation/Crusting at Visit 7 (Week 9)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Oozing/Vesiculation/Crusting at Visit 5 (Week 6)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Oozing/Vesiculation/Crusting at Visit 3 (Week 3)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Oozing/Vesiculation/Crusting at Visit 10 (6 Weeks After Final PDT)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Oozing/Vesiculation/Crusting 48 Hours After PDT #1
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Investigator Global Assessment of Acne Severity Successes
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Investigator Global Assessment of Acne Severity Successes
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation at Visit 9 (3 Weeks After Final PDT)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation at Visit 7 (Week 9)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation at Visit 5 (Week 6)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Oozing/Vesiculation/Crusting at Visit 9 (3 Weeks After Final PDT)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Scaling and Dryness 48 Hours After PDT #1
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Scaling and Dryness at Visit 10 (6 Weeks After Final PDT)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Scaling and Dryness at Visit 3 (Week 3)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Scaling and Dryness at Visit 5 (Week 6)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Scaling and Dryness at Visit 7 (Week 9)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning 48 Hours Post PDT #1
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Baseline - Before Light Treatment
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Baseline - During Light
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Baseline - Post Light Treatment
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 10 (6 Weeks After Final PDT)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 3 (Week 3 - Before Light Treatment)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 3 (Week 3 - Before Study Drug Application)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 3 (Week 3 - During Light Treatment)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 3 (Week 3 - Post Light Treatment)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 5 (Week 6 - Before Study Drug Application)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 5 (Week 6 - During Light Treatment)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 5 (Week 6 - Post Light Treatment)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 5 (Week 6 - Prior to Light Treatment)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 7 (Week 9 - Before Study Drug Application)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 7 (Week 9 - During Light Treatment)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 7 (Week 9 - Post Light Treatment)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 7 (Week 9 - Prior to Light Treatment)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 9 (3 Weeks After Final PDT)
NCT00706433 (77) [back to overview]	Subject Satisfaction Score
NCT00708942 (3) [back to overview]	Eradication of HPV
NCT00708942 (3) [back to overview]	Complete Response Rate
NCT00708942 (3) [back to overview]	Incidence of Patients With Adverse Events
NCT01128218 (3) [back to overview]	Determine the Sensitivity, Specificity, and Positive Predictive Value of 5-ALA Mediated Fluorescence for Malignant Glioma Tissue in the Brain.
NCT01128218 (3) [back to overview]	Establish a Safe Dose for Oral 5-ALA Administration
NCT01128218 (3) [back to overview]	Assess 5-ALA's Resulting Fluorescence for Distinguishing Tumor Within the Brain
NCT01203878 (3) [back to overview]	Actinic Keratosis Count
NCT01203878 (3) [back to overview]	Cosmetic Appearance
NCT01203878 (3) [back to overview]	Complete Clearance
NCT01310868 (3) [back to overview]	Safety, Tolerability, and Feasibility of Combination Intra-operative 5-ALA and Gliadel Wafers Prior to Adjuvant Radiotherapy Plus Temozolomide
NCT01310868 (3) [back to overview]	Time to Clinical Progression
NCT01310868 (3) [back to overview]	Survival at 24 Months
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation at Baseline
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Erythema Post-Light Treatment
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Erythema at Visit 5
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Partial Clearance Rate
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Partial Clearance Rate
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Lesion Clearance Rate
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Lesion Clearance Rate
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Complete Clearance Rate
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Complete Clearance Rate
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Erythema at Visit 3
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Erythema at Baseline
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Edema Post-Light Treatment
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Edema at Visit 5
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Edema at Visit 4
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Erythema at Visit 4
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 4
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Scaling and Dryness at Visit 3
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Edema at Baseline
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Edema at Visit 3
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 5
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation at Visit 3
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning During Light Treatment
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation at Visit 5
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation at Baseline
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation at Visit 3
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation at Visit 4
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning Post Light Treatment
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	OOZING/VESICULATION/CRUSTING at Baseline
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	OOZING/VESICULATION/CRUSTING at Visit 3
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	OOZING/VESICULATION/CRUSTING at Visit 4
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	OOZING/VESICULATION/CRUSTING at Visit 5
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Scaling and Dryness at Baseline
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation at Visit 5
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Scaling and Dryness at Visit 5
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Baseline
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 3
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Subject Satisfaction Score
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation at Visit 4
NCT01458587 (39) [back to overview]	Scaling and Dryness at Visit 4
NCT01475071 (2) [back to overview]	Lesion Response
NCT01475071 (2) [back to overview]	Pain Score
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	AK Clearance Rate
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	AK Clearance Rate
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	AK Clearance Rate
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Complete Clearance Rate
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Complete Clearance Rate
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Complete Clearance Rate
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Complete Clearance Rate
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Partial Clearance Rate
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 2
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Partial Clearance Rate
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Partial Clearance Rate
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Partial Clearance Rate
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Edema at Baseline
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Edema at Visit 2
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Edema at Visit 4
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Edema at Visit 5 (Pre-drug)
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Edema at Week 12
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Edema Post PDT #2
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Edema Post-Light Treatment
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Erythema at Baseline
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Erythema at Visit 2
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Erythema at Visit 3
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Erythema at Visit 4
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Erythema at Visit 5 (Post-light)
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Erythema at Visit 5 (Pre-drug)
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Erythema at Visit 6
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Erythema at Visit 7
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Erythema Post-Light Treatment
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation at Baseline
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation at Visit 2
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation at Visit 3
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation at Visit 4
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation at Visit 5
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation at Visit 6
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation at Visit 7
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation at Baseline
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation at Visit 2
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation at Visit 3
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation at Visit 4
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation at Visit 5
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation at Visit 6
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation at Visit 7
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Oozing/Vesiculation/Crusting at Baseline
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Oozing/Vesiculation/Crusting at Visit 2
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Oozing/Vesiculation/Crusting at Visit 3
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Oozing/Vesiculation/Crusting at Visit 4
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Oozing/Vesiculation/Crusting at Visit 5
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Oozing/Vesiculation/Crusting at Visit 6
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Oozing/Vesiculation/Crusting at Visit 7
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Scaling and Dryness at Baseline
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Scaling and Dryness at Visit 2
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Scaling and Dryness at Visit 3
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Scaling and Dryness at Visit 4
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Scaling and Dryness at Visit 5
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Scaling and Dryness at Visit 6
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Scaling and Dryness at Visit 7
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Baseline
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Edema at Week 24
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 3
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 4
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 5 (Pre-drug)
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 5 During PDT#2
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 5 Post PDT#2
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 6
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning at Visit 7
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning During Light Treatment
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning Post Light-Treatment
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Subject Satisfaction Score
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	Edema at Visit 3
NCT01475955 (70) [back to overview]	AK Clearance Rate
NCT01575275 (2) [back to overview]	Change in Volume of Residual Enhancing Tumor, as Determined by Intraoperative Volume MRI at a Single Time Point Without and With Gadolinium, Following Maximal Resection With Use of Aminolevulinic Acid
NCT01575275 (2) [back to overview]	Overall Survival, by Periodic Follow up Review of the Patient Charts and by Correlation With the Social Security Death Index
NCT01682811 (5) [back to overview]	Part 1: Optimal Occlusion Time
NCT01682811 (5) [back to overview]	Part 1: Photosensitizer Uptake and Conversion to Protoporphyrin IX
NCT01682811 (5) [back to overview]	Part 2: Efficacy - Lesion Area Growth Rate
NCT01682811 (5) [back to overview]	Part 2: Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of 633 nm Red Light
NCT01682811 (5) [back to overview]	TUNEL Assay.
NCT01812837 (1) [back to overview]	Actinic Keratoses Reduction Percent
NCT01893203 (4) [back to overview]	Histological Lesion Clearance
NCT01893203 (4) [back to overview]	Pain
NCT01893203 (4) [back to overview]	Clinical Lesion Clearance
NCT01893203 (4) [back to overview]	Adverse Reactions
NCT01966120 (15) [back to overview]	Overall Cosmetic Outcome 12 Weeks After Last PDT for Patients With Sum Score at Baseline of 1 to 3
NCT01966120 (15) [back to overview]	Patient Recurrence Rate in Follow-up (Cumulative)
NCT01966120 (15) [back to overview]	Patients' Satisfaction in Follow-up (12 Months)
NCT01966120 (15) [back to overview]	Patients' Satisfaction in Follow-up (6 Months)
NCT01966120 (15) [back to overview]	Skin Quality in Follow-up (12 Months)
NCT01966120 (15) [back to overview]	Skin Quality in Follow-up (6 Months)
NCT01966120 (15) [back to overview]	Overall Cosmetic Outcome 12 Weeks After Last PDT for Patients With Sum Score at Baseline of 0 to 3
NCT01966120 (15) [back to overview]	Change of Total Lesion Area 12 Weeks After Last PDT
NCT01966120 (15) [back to overview]	Lesion Complete Response 12 Weeks After Last PDT
NCT01966120 (15) [back to overview]	Overall Patient Complete Response 12 Weeks After the Last PDT (PP)
NCT01966120 (15) [back to overview]	Overall Patient Complete Response 12 Weeks After the Last Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT01966120 (15) [back to overview]	Patient Complete Response 12 Weeks After PDT 1
NCT01966120 (15) [back to overview]	Patient Histopathological Confirmed Response Rate
NCT01966120 (15) [back to overview]	Patient Partial Response 12 Weeks After Last PDT
NCT01966120 (15) [back to overview]	Lesion Recurrence Rate in Follow-up (Cumulative)
NCT02075671 (5) [back to overview]	Improvement of the Inflammatory Lesions (Papules, Pustules, Nodules), Erythema, and Telangiectasia of Rosacea as Assessed by the Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA)
NCT02075671 (5) [back to overview]	Improvement of the Inflammatory Lesions (Papules, Pustules, Nodules) of Rosacea as Assessed by the Inflammatory Lesion Investigator's Global Assessment (ILIGA)
NCT02075671 (5) [back to overview]	Evaluate Improvement of the Inflammatory Lesions (Papules, Pustules, Nodules) of Rosacea as Measured by a Difference in Inflammatory Lesion Count (ILC)
NCT02075671 (5) [back to overview]	Evaluate Improvement of Rosacea Associated Erythema as Assessed by the Clinical Erythema Assessment (CEA) Scale
NCT02075671 (5) [back to overview]	Evaluate Improvement of Rosacea as Assessed by the Patient Overall Assessment (POA) Scale
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	AK Clearance Rate
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	AK Clearance Rate
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Complete Clearance Rate
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Complete Clearance Rate
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Edema
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Edema
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Edema
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Edema
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Edema
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Edema
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Edema
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Erythema
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Erythema
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Erythema
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Erythema
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Erythema
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Erythema
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Erythema
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Oozing/Vesiculation/Crusting
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Oozing/Vesiculation/Crusting
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Oozing/Vesiculation/Crusting
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Oozing/Vesiculation/Crusting
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Oozing/Vesiculation/Crusting
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Oozing/Vesiculation/Crusting
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Scaling & Dryness
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Scaling & Dryness
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Scaling & Dryness
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Scaling & Dryness
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Scaling & Dryness
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Scaling & Dryness
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning
NCT02137785 (51) [back to overview]	Subject Satisfaction Score
NCT02144077 (8) [back to overview]	Lesion Recurrence Rate (Cumulative)
NCT02144077 (8) [back to overview]	Lesion Complete Response Assessed 12 Weeks After the Last PDT
NCT02144077 (8) [back to overview]	Overall Patient Complete Response Rate Assessed 12 Weeks After the Last PDT
NCT02144077 (8) [back to overview]	Patient Complete Response 12 Weeks After PDT-2
NCT02144077 (8) [back to overview]	Patient Recurrence Rate (Overall, Cumulative)
NCT02144077 (8) [back to overview]	Reduction of Lesion Area 12 Weeks After the Last PDT Compared to Baseline
NCT02144077 (8) [back to overview]	Cosmetic Outcome 12 Weeks After Last PDT (Including Patients With a Sum Score of 0 at Baseline)
NCT02144077 (8) [back to overview]	Cosmetic Outcome 12 Weeks After the Last PDT (Including Patients With a Baseline Sum Score >1)
NCT02149342 (4) [back to overview]	Pain Assesment (Visual Analog Scale)
NCT02149342 (4) [back to overview]	Adverse Reactions
NCT02149342 (4) [back to overview]	Clinical Lesion Clearance
NCT02149342 (4) [back to overview]	Histological Lesion Clearance
NCT02157623 (3) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction Survey
NCT02157623 (3) [back to overview]	Tumor Clearance Rate Following Red or Blue Light PDT
NCT02157623 (3) [back to overview]	Pain During Illumination
NCT02239679 (8) [back to overview]	Proportion of Subjects With 0 AKs
NCT02239679 (8) [back to overview]	Proportion of Subjects With 0 AKs
NCT02239679 (8) [back to overview]	Proportion of Subjects With 0 AKs
NCT02239679 (8) [back to overview]	Duration of Response
NCT02239679 (8) [back to overview]	Recurrence Rate
NCT02239679 (8) [back to overview]	Total Number of AKs in Treatment Area
NCT02239679 (8) [back to overview]	Proportion of Subjects With 0 AKs
NCT02239679 (8) [back to overview]	Proportion of Subjects With 0 AKs
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	Erythema
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	Edema
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	Edema
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	Edema
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	Edema
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	Erythema
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	Erythema
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	Maximum Baseline Corrected Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for ALA
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	AUCt
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	The Terminal Exponential Half-life (T1/2,z)
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	Time at Which Cmax is Attained (Tmax) for ALA
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	Erythema
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	Hyperpigmentation
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	Hypopigmentation
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	OOZING/VESICULATION/CRUSTING
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	OOZING/VESICULATION/CRUSTING
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	OOZING/VESICULATION/CRUSTING
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	Scaling and Dryness
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	Scaling and Dryness
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	Scaling and Dryness
NCT02281136 (29) [back to overview]	Stinging/Burning
NCT02409732 (5) [back to overview]	Average Change in Participant Reported Pain
NCT02409732 (5) [back to overview]	Average Change in Local Skin Reactions to Blue Light Treatment
NCT02409732 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With a Change in Clearance From Baseline
NCT02409732 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Adverse Events
NCT02409732 (5) [back to overview]	The Number of Participants Who Developed a Local Skin Reaction to Blue Light Treatment: Vesiculation/Pustulation, Erosion/Ulceration, Crusting and Hyperpigmentation
NCT02560584 (3) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Adverse Events Considered Causally Related to Cysview and/or Blue Light in the Surveillance Examination Compared With the OR Examination
NCT02560584 (3) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With One or More Carcinoma in Situ (CIS) Lesions Detected With Blue Light Cystoscopy With Cysview and None With White Light Cystoscopy
NCT02560584 (3) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Histologically Confirmed Malignancy Where Malignancy is Only Detected With Blue Light Cystoscopy With Cysview and Not White Light Cystoscopy
NCT02594644 (2) [back to overview]	Visual Analog Pain Scale
NCT02594644 (2) [back to overview]	Difference in the Percentage of Complete Clearance of the Actinic Keratoses
NCT02628236 (9) [back to overview]	AUCt/AUCBL for PpIX
NCT02628236 (9) [back to overview]	Time at Which Cmax is Attained (Tmax) for ALA
NCT02628236 (9) [back to overview]	Time at Which Cmax is Attained (Tmax) for PpIX
NCT02628236 (9) [back to overview]	Maximum Baseline Corrected Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for PpIX
NCT02628236 (9) [back to overview]	Maximum Baseline Corrected Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for ALA
NCT02628236 (9) [back to overview]	AUCt for PpIX
NCT02628236 (9) [back to overview]	AUCt
NCT02628236 (9) [back to overview]	AUCBL for PpIX
NCT02628236 (9) [back to overview]	The Terminal Exponential Half-life (T1/2,z) for ALA
NCT02632110 (6) [back to overview]	Complete Clearance Rate
NCT02632110 (6) [back to overview]	Complete Clearance Rate
NCT02632110 (6) [back to overview]	Percent Change
NCT02632110 (6) [back to overview]	Percent Change
NCT02632110 (6) [back to overview]	Baseline AKCR
NCT02632110 (6) [back to overview]	Baseline AKCR
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Local Discomfort During Second Photodynamic Therapy (PDT-2) for Retreated Subjects
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Local Discomfort During First Photodynamic Therapy (PDT-1)
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Adverse Reactions
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Partial Response at 3-4 Weeks After the Second Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Partial Response at 3-4 Weeks After Last Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Partial Response at 3-4 Weeks After First Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Partial Response at 12 Weeks After the Second Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Partial Response at 12 Weeks After the First Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Partial Response at 12 Weeks After Last Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Complete Response 3-4 Weeks After the Second Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Total Lesion Area 12 Weeks After Last Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Complete Response 3-4 Weeks After Last Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Complete Response 3-4 Weeks After First Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Complete Response 12 Weeks After the Last Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) Illuminated With Narrow Spectrum Devices Only
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Complete Response 12 Weeks After Second Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Complete Response 12 Weeks After First Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Local Discomfort - Pain During Second Photodynamic Therapy (PDT-2) for Retreated Subjects
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Local Discomfort - Pain During First Photodynamic Therapy (PDT-1)
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Complete Lesion Response Rates 12 Weeks After Last Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) Illuminated With Narrow Spectrum Devices Only
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Complete Lesion Response Rate 3-4 Weeks After Last Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Complete Lesion Response Rate 3-4 Weeks After First Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Complete Lesion Response Rate 12 Weeks After Second PDT
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Complete Lesion Response Rate 12 Weeks After Last Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Complete Lesion Response Rate 12 Weeks After First Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Complete Response 12 Weeks After the Last Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), ITT
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Total Lesion Area 3-4 Weeks After the Second Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Total Lesion Area 3-4 Weeks After the First Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Total Lesion Area 3-4 Weeks After Last Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Total Lesion Area 12 Weeks After the First Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Total Lesion Area 12 Weeks After Second Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Complete Response 12 Weeks After the Last Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), PP
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Complete Lesion Response Rate 3-4 Weeks After the Second Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Overall Cosmetic Outcome of the Treated Skin 12 Weeks After Last Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) Compared to Baseline
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Local Skin Reactions During Second Photodynamic Therapy (PDT-2) for Retreated Subjects
NCT02799069 (35) [back to overview]	Local Skin Reactions During First Photodynamic Therapy (PDT-1)
NCT02799082 (15) [back to overview]	Related Adverse Events /AEs)
NCT02799082 (15) [back to overview]	Overall Cosmetic Outcome 12 Weeks After the Last PDT
NCT02799082 (15) [back to overview]	Local Skin Reactions
NCT02799082 (15) [back to overview]	Discomfort During and After PDT
NCT02799082 (15) [back to overview]	Total Patient Clearance Rate Treated With Narrow Spectrum Lamp 12 Weeks After the Last Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799082 (15) [back to overview]	Total Patient Clearance Rate Treated With Narrow Spectrum Lamp 12 Weeks After the Last Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799082 (15) [back to overview]	Total Patient Clearance Rate 12 Weeks After the Last Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799082 (15) [back to overview]	Total Patient Clearance Rate 12 Weeks After the Last Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT02799082 (15) [back to overview]	Subjects With Partial Clearance 12 Weeks After the Last PDT
NCT02799082 (15) [back to overview]	Subjects With Complete Clearance 12 Weeks After the First PDT
NCT02799082 (15) [back to overview]	Percentage of AK Lesions Showing Complete Remission 12 Weeks After the Last PDT
NCT02799082 (15) [back to overview]	Change in Total Lesion Size 12 Weeks After the Last PDT
NCT02799082 (15) [back to overview]	Change in Total Lesion Area 12 Weeks After the Last PDT (Treated Area Scalp)
NCT02799082 (15) [back to overview]	Change in Total Lesion Area 12 Weeks After the Last PDT (Treated Area Face)
NCT02799082 (15) [back to overview]	Percentage of AK Lesions Showing Complete Remission Treated With Narrow Spectrum Lamp 12 Weeks After the Last PDT
NCT03322293 (5) [back to overview]	Percent Change in AK Lesion Count
NCT03322293 (5) [back to overview]	Peak Pain Score at Day 8 Post-treatment
NCT03322293 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Treatment Symptoms
NCT03322293 (5) [back to overview]	Reduction of AK Counts
NCT03322293 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Local Skin Reaction From Pre-treatment to 12 Weeks Post-treatment
NCT03511326 (2) [back to overview]	Overall Subject Satisfaction at Week 12 Post-treatment
NCT03511326 (2) [back to overview]	Overall Subject Satisfaction the Day of Treatment After Daylight Session
NCT03638622 (1) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With no Residual Tumor Following Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
NCT04319159 (20) [back to overview]	Evaluation of Baseline-adjusted Pharmacokinetic Parameters of ALA.
NCT04319159 (20) [back to overview]	Evaluation of Baseline-adjusted Pharmacokinetic Parameters of ALA.
NCT04319159 (20) [back to overview]	Evaluation of Baseline-adjusted Pharmacokinetic Parameters of ALA.
NCT04319159 (20) [back to overview]	Evaluation of Baseline-adjusted Pharmacokinetic Parameters of ALA.
NCT04319159 (20) [back to overview]	Evaluation of Baseline-adjusted Pharmacokinetic Parameters of ALA.
NCT04319159 (20) [back to overview]	Evaluation of Baseline-adjusted Pharmacokinetic Parameters of PpIX.
NCT04319159 (20) [back to overview]	Assessment of the Frequency and Severity of All Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Including Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) in Response to PDT With BF-200 ALA Under Maximal Use Conditions.
NCT04319159 (20) [back to overview]	Assessment of Frequency and Severity of Application Site Skin Reactions in Response to PDT With BF-200 ALA Under Maximal Use Conditions.
NCT04319159 (20) [back to overview]	Assessment of Baseline-adjusted Plasma Concentration-time Curves for PpIX After a Single PDT Treatment Applying 3 Tubes of BF-200 ALA in Conjunction With the BF-RhodoLED® Under Maximal Use Conditions in Subjects With Mild to Severe Actinic Keratosis.
NCT04319159 (20) [back to overview]	Assessment of Baseline-adjusted Plasma Concentration-time Curves for ALA After a Single PDT Treatment Applying 3 Tubes of BF-200 ALA in Conjunction With the BF-RhodoLED® Under Maximal Use Conditions in Subjects With Mild to Severe Actinic Keratosis.
NCT04319159 (20) [back to overview]	Evaluation of Baseline-adjusted Pharmacokinetic Parameters of ALA.
NCT04319159 (20) [back to overview]	Evaluation of Baseline-adjusted Pharmacokinetic Parameters of PpIX.
NCT04319159 (20) [back to overview]	Assessment of Frequency and Severity of Application Site Discomfort in Response to PDT With BF-200 ALA Under Maximal Use Conditions.
NCT04319159 (20) [back to overview]	Evaluation of Baseline-adjusted Pharmacokinetic Parameters of PpIX.
NCT04319159 (20) [back to overview]	Evaluation of Baseline-adjusted Pharmacokinetic Parameters of PpIX.
NCT04319159 (20) [back to overview]	"Assessment of Pain Intensity at the Application Site in Response to PDT With BF-200 ALA Under Maximal Use Conditions Using an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11), Where a Score of 0 Means no Pain and a Score of 10 Means Worst Imaginable Pain."
NCT04319159 (20) [back to overview]	Evaluation of Baseline-adjusted Pharmacokinetic Parameters of PpIX.
NCT04319159 (20) [back to overview]	Evaluation of Baseline-adjusted Pharmacokinetic Parameters of PpIX.
NCT04319159 (20) [back to overview]	Evaluation of Baseline-adjusted Pharmacokinetic Parameters of ALA.
NCT04319159 (20) [back to overview]	Evaluation of Baseline-adjusted Pharmacokinetic Parameters of PpIX.

Recurrence Rate in Complete Clearance Group

Recurrence rate in complete clearance(CC) group was analyzed. (NCT00473343)
Timeframe: 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months after last Metvix PDT cycle, up to 5 years

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	12 months	24 months	36 months	48 months	60 months
Metvix® PDT	8	16	20	21	23

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Excellent: At 24 month	Good: At 24 month	Fair: At 24 month	Poor: At 24 month	Excellent: At 36 month	Good: At 36 month	Fair: At 36 month	Excellent: At 60 month	Good: At 60 month	Fair: At 60 month
Metvix® PDT	34	15	7	1	31	13	6	35	7	1

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Investigator: Excellent	Investigator: Good	Investigator: Fair	Investigator: Not applicable
Metvix® PDT	37	16	28	1

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Participants: Excellent	Participants: Good	Participants: Fair	Participants: Not applicable
Metvix® PDT	40	39	2	0

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Participants with Significant Response (SR)	Participants with Partial Response (PR)	Participants with no Response (NR)
Phase II	7	9	1

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT	16
80 mg/g MAL PDT	14.58
Vehicle PDT	11.54
40 mg/g MAL PDT	17.5
80 mg/g MAL PDT	21.2
Vehicle PDT	16.7

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Grade 0 (none)	Grade 1 (light)	Grade 2 (moderate - small)
ALA 1000 Seconds	61	2	1
ALA 500 Seconds	62	0	0
Vehicle 1000 Seconds	61	1	0
Vehicle 500 Seconds	65	1	0

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Grade 0 (none)	Grade 1 (minimal)	Grade 2 (mild)	Grade 3 (moderate)	Grade 4 (severe)
ALA 1000 Seconds	37	23	3	0	0
ALA 500 Seconds	34	22	6	0	0
Vehicle 1000 Seconds	31	22	4	0	0
Vehicle 500 Seconds	36	25	4	0	0

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Grade 0 (none)	Grade 1 (minimal)	Grade 2 (moderate)
ALA 1000 Seconds	55	3	0
ALA 500 Seconds	61	0	0
Vehicle 1000 Seconds	57	3	0
Vehicle 500 Seconds	62	0	0

Intervention	percent change in lesion count (Median)
ALA 1000 Seconds	-34.4
ALA 500 Seconds	-29.0
Vehicle 1000 Seconds	-48.4
Vehicle 500 Seconds	-45.2

Intervention	percent change in lesion count (Median)
ALA 1000 Seconds	-37.5
ALA 500 Seconds	-29.2
Vehicle 1000 Seconds	-41.7
Vehicle 500 Seconds	-37.0

Intervention	change in lesion count (Median)
ALA 1000 Seconds	-18.5
ALA 500 Seconds	-13.0
Vehicle 1000 Seconds	-21.0
Vehicle 500 Seconds	-17.0

Intervention	change in lesion count (Median)
ALA 1000 Seconds	-18.0
ALA 500 Seconds	-14.0
Vehicle 1000 Seconds	-19.0
Vehicle 500 Seconds	-14.5

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Success	Failure
ALA 1000 Seconds	13	55
ALA 500 Seconds	11	54
Vehicle 1000 Seconds	15	52
Vehicle 500 Seconds	11	55

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Grade 0 (none)	Grade 2 (minimal)	Grade 3 (moderate)	Grade 4 (severe)
ALA 1000 Seconds	53	14	1	0
ALA 500 Seconds	47	17	1	0
Vehicle 1000 Seconds	63	4	0	0
Vehicle 500 Seconds	62	4	0	0

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Excellent	Good	Fair	Poor
ALA 1000 Seconds	23	18	17	6
ALA 500 Seconds	11	28	17	5
Vehicle 1000 Seconds	23	20	11	4
Vehicle 500 Seconds	26	23	12	5

Intervention	percentage of no. of patients analyzed (Number)
Arm 1: HAL Suppository, Laser Illumination	60.0
Arm 2: Placebo Suppository, Laser Illumination	28.6
Arm 3: No Intervention	100
Arm 4: HAL Ointment, LED Diode Illumination	50.0
Arm 5: Placebo Ointment, no Illumination	33.3

Intervention	percentage of no. of patients analyzed (Number)
Arm 1: HAL Suppository, Laser Illumination	57.1
Arm 2: Placebo Suppository, Laser Illumination	40.0
Arm 3: No Intervention	0.0
Arm 4: HAL Ointment, LED Diode Illumination	90.0
Arm 5: Placebo Ointment, no Illumination	33.3

Intervention	percentage of no of patients analyzed (Number)
Arm 1: HAL Suppository, Laser Illumination	44.7
Arm 2: Placebo Suppository, Laser Illumination	25.0
Arm 3: No Intervention	18.2
Arm 4: HAL Ointment, LED Diode Illumination	70.0
Arm 5: Placebo Ointment, no Illumination	66.7

Intervention	Percentage (Number)
	Sensitivity	Specificity	Positive Predictive Value	Negative Predictive Value
Phase 2 Dose Level 1 (40mg/kg)	63.64	100	100	42.86

Intervention	Dose Limiting Toxicity (Number)
Phase 1 Dose Level 1 (10mg/kg)	0
Phase 1 Dose Level 2 (20mg/kg)	0
Phase 1 Dose Level 3 (30mg/kg)	0
Phase 1 Dose Level 4 (40mg/kg)	0
Phase 1 Dose Level 5 (50mg/kg)	0

aminolevulinic acid

Description

Related Flora

Cross-References

Synonyms (103)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (9)

Drug Classes (3)

Pathways (17)

Protein Targets (12)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (48)

Molecular Functions (33)

Ceullar Components (47)

Bioassays (143)

Research

Studies (6,160)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 57.43

Study Types

Clinical Trials (152)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Recurrence Rate in Complete Clearance Group

Number of Lesion With Complete Response 3 Months After Last Metvix PDT Cycle

Percentage of Participants With Histologically Confirmed Patient Complete Response (CR) 3 Months After Last Metvix PDT Cycle

Overall Cosmetic Outcome Assessed by Investigator 24, 36, 48, and 60 Months After the Last Metvix PDT Cycle

Overall Cosmetic Outcome Assessed by Investigator 3 Months After the Last Metvix PDT Cycle

Overall Cosmetic Outcome Assessed by Participants 3 Months After the Last Metvix PDT Cycle

The Objective Response Rate is the Number of Participants With Significant Response (SR), Partial Response (PR) or No Response (NR).

Maximum Tolerated Dose

Facial Pain Using Visual Analouge Scale From 0 to 10, Were 0 Indicates no Pain and 10 Indicates Worst Pain.

Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hyperpigmentation After Last Treatment

Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hyperpigmentation After First Treatment

Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Erythema After Third Treatment

Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Erythema After Second Treatment

Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Erythema After Fourth Treatment

Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Erythema After First Treatment

Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Erythema After First Treatment

Median Percentage Change in Facial Non Inflammatory Lesion Counts From Baseline

Median Percentage Change in Facial Inflammatory (Nodules, Papules, and Pustules) Lesion Counts From Baseline

Median Percentage Change in Facial Inflammatory (Nodules, Papules, and Pustules) Lesion Counts From Baseline

Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hyperpigmentation After First Treatment

Facial Pain Using Visual Analouge Scale From 0 to 10, Were 0 Indicates no Pain and 10 Indicates Worst Pain.

Proportion of Patients With Severe Erythema After Second Treatment

Proportion of Patients With Severe Erythema After Fourth Treatment

Facial Pain Using Visual Analouge Scale From 0 to 10, Were 0 Indicates no Pain and 10 Indicates Worst Pain.

Facial Pain Using Visual Analouge Scale From 0 to 10, Were 0 Indicates no Pain and 10 Indicates Worst Pain

Change in Facial Inflammatory (Nodules, Papules, and Pustules) Lesion Counts From Baseline

Change in Facial Inflammatory (Nodules, Papules, and Pustules) Lesion Counts

Proportion of Patients With Severe Erythema After First Treatment

Proportion of Patients With Severe Erythema 7 Days After First Treatment

Proportion of Patients With Severe Erythema 2 Days After First Treatment

Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hypopigmentation After Last Treatment

Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hypopigmentation After Last Treatment

Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hypopigmentation After Last Treatment

Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hypopigmentation After First Treatment

Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hypopigmentation After First Treatment

Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hyperpigmentation After Last Treatment

Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hyperpigmentation After Last Treatment

Proportion of Patients With Severe Erythema After Third Treatment

Proportion of Success, Defined as Improvement of at Least 2 Grades From Baseline According to the IGA Scale Based on Facial Assessment

Proportion of Success, Defined as Improvement of at Least 2 Grades From Baseline According to the IGA Scale Based on Facial Assessment

Percent Reduction in Total Lesion Counts From Baseline

The Proportion of Patients Rated as Clear or Almost Clear at 12 Weeks After Last Treatment

Proportion of Patients With Moderate to Severe Hypopigmentation and Hyperpigmentation Assessed After Treatment

Erythema Score (Mild and Moderate)Immediately After Second Treatment

Erythema Score (Mild and Moderate)Immediately After First PDT

Change in Noninflammatory Lesion Counts From Baseline

Change in Inflammatory Lesion Counts From Baseline

Intervention	Biopsies (Number)
	True Positives	True Negatives	False Positives	False Negatives
Phase 2 Dose Level 1 (40mg/kg)	14	6	0	8

Intervention	percent reduction in baseline count (Mean)
Imiquimod Followed by Photodynamic Therapy	81
Imiquimod Followed by Observation	83

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Imiquimod Followed by Photodynamic Therapy	1.67
Imiquimod Followed by Observation	1.25

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	5-ALA resected patients receiving carmustine wafer	No. patients with post-op complications	No. Patients with chemoRT delay	No. pts failing to complete uninterrupted chemoRT	no. pts w decr perform status after 5ala/carmustin	no. pts not starting chemoRT due to surgical comp
5-ALA and Gliadel Wafers	62	9	6	45	27	2

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Grade 0 (none)	Grade 1 (mild)	Grade 2 (moderate)	Grade 3 (severe)
ALA-OCC	35	0	0	0
ALA+OCC	35	0	0	0
VEH-OCC	34	0	0	0
VEH+OCC	34	0	0	0

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Very satisfied	Moderately satisfied	Slightly satisfied	Not satisfied
ALA-OCC	7	14	8	6
ALA+OCC	13	16	3	3
VEH-OCC	1	5	9	20
VEH+OCC	3	5	7	20

Intervention	percent clearance (Median)
Broad Area ALA 1-hour + BLUE Light Treatment	66.7
Broad Area ALA 2-hour + BLUE Light Treatment	64.9
Broad Area ALA 3-hour + BLUE Light Treatment	75.0
Spot ALA 2-hour + BLUE Light Treatment	63.4
Vehicle + BLUE Light Treatment	14.3

Intervention	percent clearance (Median)
Broad Area ALA 1-hour + BLUE Light Treatment	40
Broad Area ALA 2-hour + BLUE Light Treatment	58.4
Broad Area ALA 3-hour + BLUE Light Treatment	54.5
Spot ALA 2-hour + BLUE Light Treatment	56.3
Vehicle + BLUE Light Treatment	0.0

Intervention	percent clearance (Median)
Broad Area ALA 1-hour + BLUE Light Treatment	35.7
Broad Area ALA 2-hour + BLUE Light Treatment	52.5
Broad Area ALA 3-hour + BLUE Light Treatment	57.1
Spot ALA 2-hour + BLUE Light Treatment	57.1
Vehicle + BLUE Light Treatment	5.7

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Grade 0 - None	Grade 1 - MInimal	Grade 2 - Moderate	Grade 3 - Severe
Broad Area ALA 1-hour + BLUE Light Treatment	25	18	4	0
Broad Area ALA 2-hour + BLUE Light Treatment	23	20	4	1
Broad Area ALA 3-hour + BLUE Light Treatment	20	17	7	3
Spot ALA 2-hour + BLUE Light Treatment	35	10	1	0
Vehicle + BLUE Light Treatment	41	4	1	0