glutamic acid has been researched along with atropine in 101 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 29 (28.71) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 34 (33.66) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 27 (26.73) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 10 (9.90) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 1 (0.99) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Barnes, JC; Bradley, P; Day, NC; Fourches, D; Reed, JZ; Tropsha, A | 1 |
| Hayashi, S; Kato, A; Mizuno, K; Morita, A; Nakata, E; Ohashi, K; Yamamura, K | 1 |
| Aceves, J; Arias-Montaño, JA; Martínez-Fong, D | 1 |
| Ashe, JH; Cox, CL; Metherate, R | 1 |
| Pásztélyi, Z; Simon, G; Zelles, T | 1 |
| Bertrand, G; Bockaert, J; Gross, R; Loubatières-Mariani, MM; Puech, R | 1 |
| Frye, GD | 1 |
| Burnett, A; Gebhart, GF | 1 |
| Cusick, CG; Dempesy, CW; Fontana, CJ; Richardson, DE | 1 |
| Andrade, R | 1 |
| Lin, Y; Phillis, JW | 1 |
| Falcone, M; Janiri, L; Persico, A; Tempesta, E | 1 |
| Kawamura, H; Komatsu, K; Miyawaki, T; Yasugi, T | 1 |
| Gherezghiher, T; Hey, JA; Koss, MC | 1 |
| Bowyer, JF; Weiner, N | 1 |
| Sato, A; Sato, Y | 1 |
| Dykes, RW; Tremblay, N; Warren, RA | 1 |
| Bocchieri, P; Garbarino, L; Marchi, M; Raiteri, M | 1 |
| Biesold, D; Inanami, O; Sato, A; Sato, Y | 1 |
| Jakobsen, LJ; Novin, D; Raybould, HE; Taché, Y | 1 |
| Baghdoyan, HA; Callaway, CW; Hobson, JA; Lydic, R | 1 |
| Bledsoe, SC; Bobbin, RP; Ceasar, G; Jenison, GL; Winbery, S | 1 |
| Nakamura, S; Ohta, H; Ueki, S; Watanabe, S | 1 |
| Gebhart, GF; Ossipov, MH | 1 |
| Campana, E; Pacitti, C; Proia, A; Scarnati, E | 1 |
| Okamoto, K; Sakai, Y; Sekiguchi, M | 1 |
| Kameyama, M; Nabatame, H; Ohno, Y; Sasa, M; Takaori, S | 1 |
| Buckley, JP; Chelly, JE; Doursout, MF | 1 |
| Egawa, M; Hanada, Y; Ikegami, S; Tobe, A | 1 |
| Takasaki, Y; Torii, K | 1 |
| Felsten, G; Sved, AF | 1 |
| Iijima, T; Kudo, Y; Ogura, A | 1 |
| Cohen, HL; Feldman, JL; McCrimmon, DR; Nelson, DO | 1 |
| Dykes, RW; Metherate, R; Tremblay, N | 2 |
| Haselton, CL; Haselton, JR; Liskowsky, DR; McCabe, PM; Schneiderman, N; Winters, RW | 1 |
| Allen, AM; Dampney, RA; Mendelsohn, FA | 1 |
| Mott, J; Sherman, AD | 1 |
| Gonnard, P; Grignon, L; Haidamous, M; Kouyoumdjian, JC; Lacombe, C; Lautié, JP | 1 |
| Kanje, M; Lazarewicz, JW | 1 |
| Chronister, RB; Marco, LA | 1 |
| Kinjo, K; Morita, K; Nishikawa, T; Tsujimoto, A | 1 |
| Dreifuss, JJ; Gähwiler, BH | 1 |
| Kerkerian, L; Nieoullon, A | 1 |
| Brown, DA; Docherty, RJ; Halliwell, JV | 1 |
| Gean, PW; Huang, CC; Wang, SJ | 1 |
| Calvet, GA; Ventura, AL | 1 |
| Ciriello, J; Janssen, SA | 1 |
| Bonagamba, LG; Colombari, E; Machado, BH | 1 |
| Sved, AF; Tsukamoto, K; Yin, M | 1 |
| Jakubík, J; Tucek, S | 1 |
| Armour, JA; Huang, MH; Smith, FM | 1 |
| Cotman, CW; Kahle, JS | 1 |
| Gruen, E; Jahed, N; Woody, CD | 1 |
| Berridge, CW; Bolen, SJ; Foote, SL; Manley, MS | 1 |
| Davies, CH; Morton, RA | 1 |
| Ebinger, G; Khan, GM; Manil, J; Michotte, Y; Smolders, I | 1 |
| Ciriello, J; Kirouac, GJ | 1 |
| Koizumi, S; Moriyama, Y; Ogura, A; Yamada, H; Yamaguchi, A | 1 |
| Egorov, AV; Müller, W | 1 |
| Abrahams, TP; Hornby, PJ; Krowicki, ZK; Sivarao, DV | 2 |
| Finkelstein, DI; Lawrence, AJ; Yao, ST | 1 |
| Arita, K; Ishihara, K; Izumi, R; Kurisu, K; Matsubayashi, H; Okada, M; Sasa, M; Takeshita, S; Yajin, K | 1 |
| Chen, X; Luo, Q; Ni, J; Wang, H; Zhang, Q; Zou, H | 1 |
| Hirayama, M; Kuriyama, M | 1 |
| Honda, E; Inenaga, K; Ono, K; Xu, SH | 1 |
| Li, DP; Pan, HL | 1 |
| Dawson, LA; Li, P; Nguyen, HQ | 1 |
| Gauglitz, S; Pflüger, HJ | 1 |
| Keath, JR; Mansvelder, HD; McGehee, DS | 1 |
| Ku, YH; Li, YH | 1 |
| Amano, T; Kurisu, K; Sasa, M; Takeshita, S | 1 |
| Sundin, L; Taylor, EW; Turesson, J | 1 |
| Buño, W; Fernández de Sevilla, D | 1 |
| Frazier, CJ; Papke, RL; Strowbridge, BW | 1 |
| Browne, RO; Friedman, A; Pavlovsky, L | 1 |
| Kojima, R; Layer, PG; Naruoka, H; Ohmasa, M; Saito, T | 1 |
| Isa, T; Yamashita, T | 1 |
| BONNIOL, P; CASTELAIN, PY; CHARPY, J; ODDOZE, L | 1 |
| Araque, A; Perea, G | 1 |
| Delgado-García, JM; Navarro-López, Jde D; Yajeya, J | 1 |
| Aoki, C; Levy, RB; Reyes, AD | 1 |
| Ardenghi, JV; De Souza, MM; Filho, VC; Kanegusuku, M; Monache, FD; Niero, R; Yunes, RA | 1 |
| Haynes, JM; Pouton, CW; Raye, WS; Tochon-Danguy, N | 1 |
| Colombari, E; de Almeida Colombari, DS; De Luca, LA; Menani, JV; Vieira, AA | 1 |
| Andrianov, GN; Nozdrachev, AD; Ryzhova, IV | 1 |
| Danik, M; Goutagny, R; Jackson, J; Manseau, F; Williams, S | 1 |
| Lu, YX; Owyang, C; Yao, H; Zhou, SY | 1 |
| Faria, LC; Fuortes, MG; Merlin, LR | 1 |
| Fransén, E; Hasselmo, ME; Yoshida, M | 1 |
| Calixto, JB; Chaves, J; Ferreira, VM; Guginski, G; Luiz, AP; Martins, DF; Massaro, M; Mattos, RW; Santos, AR; Silva, MD; Silveira, D | 1 |
| Ishii, H; Izumi, H; Niioka, T | 1 |
| Dias, QM; Fais, RS; Petronilho, A; Prado, WA; Reis, GM | 1 |
| Araque, A; Fernandez de Sevilla, D; Gómez-Gonzalo, M; Martín, ED; Navarrete, M; Núñez, A; Perea, G | 1 |
| Galarraga, E; Galindo-Charles, L; Garduño, J; Hernandez-Lopez, S; Jiménez-Rodríguez, J; Mihailescu, S; Tapia, D | 1 |
| Deng, J; Feng, C; Li, J; Li, L; Xiong, L; Zuo, Z | 1 |
| Chen, HZ; Lu, Y; Ma, K; Yang, LM; Yang, ZH | 1 |
| Bateman, R; Griffioen, K; Mattson, MP; Mendelowitz, D; Wan, R; Weigand, LA | 1 |
| Gourine, AV; Korsak, A; Lythgoe, MF; Machhada, A; Marina, N; Stuckey, DJ | 1 |
| Dezfuli, G; Gillis, RA; Mangel, AW; Richardson, J; Sahibzada, N; Vicini, S | 1 |
1 review(s) available for glutamic acid and atropine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Primary neurotransmitters and regulatory substances onto vestibular nucleus neurons.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Male; Motion Sickness; Otolithic Membrane; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Vestibular Nuclei | 2001 |
100 other study(ies) available for glutamic acid and atropine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
Topics: Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cluster Analysis; Databases, Factual; Humans; MEDLINE; Mice; Models, Chemical; Molecular Conformation; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship | 2010 |
Discovery of {1-[4-(2-{hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]cyclooctyl}methanol, systemically potent novel non-peptide agonist of nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor as analgesic for the treatment of neuropathic pain: de
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzimidazoles; Drug Design; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Humans; Microsomes, Liver; Neuralgia; Nociceptin Receptor; Pyrroles; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2010 |
Glutamate stimulation of tyrosine hydroxylase is mediated by NMDA receptors in the rat striatum.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Atropine; Corpus Striatum; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Magnesium; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Tetrodotoxin; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1992 |
Cellular bases of neocortical activation: modulation of neural oscillations by the nucleus basalis and endogenous acetylcholine.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Atropine; Auditory Cortex; Cerebral Cortex; Electric Stimulation; Electroencephalography; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Male; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; Physostigmine; Pyramidal Tracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Substantia Innominata | 1992 |
Cross reactivity among the ligands of the 7 helix family.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Atropine; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Clonidine; Cross Reactions; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Ligands; Membranes; Quinuclidinyl Benzilate; Rats; Receptors, Cell Surface | 1992 |
Evidence for a glutamate receptor of the AMPA subtype which mediates insulin release from rat perfused pancreas.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Atropine; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Ibotenic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Insulin; Kainic Acid; Male; Pancreas; Quinoxalines; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Tetrodotoxin | 1992 |
Interaction of ethanol and L-glutamate in the guinea pig ileum myenteric plexus.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Atropine; Electric Stimulation; Ethanol; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; In Vitro Techniques; Magnesium; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Myenteric Plexus; N-Methylaspartate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Serotonin; Tetrodotoxin | 1991 |
Characterization of descending modulation of nociception from the A5 cell group.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Brain Stem; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Injections, Spinal; Male; Methysergide; Microinjections; Naloxone; Nociceptors; Phentolamine; Prazosin; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reaction Time; Yohimbine | 1991 |
A sympathoinhibitory area in cat rostral medulla: its role in cardiovascular tone regulation and baroreflex.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Cats; Electric Stimulation; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Muscimol; Phentolamine; Pressoreceptors; Propranolol; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Muscarinic; Reflex; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vagotomy | 1991 |
Cell excitation enhances muscarinic cholinergic responses in rat association cortex.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Action Potentials; Animals; Atropine; Cadmium; Calcium; Calcium Channels; Carbachol; Cerebral Cortex; Electrophysiology; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Potassium Channels; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Muscarinic; Synapses | 1991 |
Muscarinic agonist oxotremorine-M-induced long-term depression in rat cerebral cortex.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Cerebral Cortex; Cortical Spreading Depression; Evoked Potentials; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Male; Neurons; Oxotremorine; Rats; Time Factors | 1991 |
Activity of L-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine on cholinoceptive neocortical neurons of the rat in vivo.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Action Potentials; Animals; Atropine; Carnitine; Cerebral Cortex; Cholinergic Fibers; Drug Interactions; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Iontophoresis; Male; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1991 |
Chemical stimulation of the locus coeruleus: inhibitory effects on hemodynamics and renal sympathetic nerve activity.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Evoked Potentials; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Kidney; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Mesencephalon; Microinjections; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Stroke Volume; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vascular Resistance | 1991 |
Parasympathetic nervous control of intraocular pressure.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cats; Electric Stimulation; Ganglionic Blockers; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Intraocular Pressure; Neural Pathways; Neurons, Efferent; Oculomotor Nerve; Parasympathetic Nervous System | 1990 |
Ca2(+)-evoked [3H]dopamine release from synaptosomes is dependent on neuronal type Ca2+ channels and is not mediated by acetylcholine, glutamate or aspartate release.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Atropine; Brain; Calcium; Calcium Channels; Cobalt; Culture Techniques; Dopamine; Drug Interactions; Ganglionic Blockers; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Nifedipine; Rats; Synaptosomes; Verapamil | 1990 |
Cerebral cortical vasodilatation in response to stimulation of cholinergic fibres originating in the nucleus basalis of Meynert.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Cholinergic Fibers; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Mecamylamine; Parietal Lobe; Rats; Regional Blood Flow; Vasodilation | 1990 |
Electrophysiological studies of acetylcholine and the role of the basal forebrain in the somatosensory cortex of the cat. I. Cortical neurons excited by glutamate.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Cats; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Iontophoresis; Male; Microelectrodes; Neurons; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Somatosensory Cortex | 1990 |
Muscarinic inhibition of endogenous glutamate release from rat hippocampus synaptosomes.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Muscarinic; Synaptosomes | 1989 |
Stimulation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert increases cerebral cortical blood flow in rats.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Basal Ganglia; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cholinergic Fibers; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Mecamylamine; Parietal Lobe; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substantia Innominata | 1989 |
TRH stimulation and L-glutamic acid inhibition of proximal gastric motor activity in the rat dorsal vagal complex.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hexamethonium Compounds; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Stomach; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; Vagus Nerve | 1989 |
The carbachol-induced enhancement of desynchronized sleep signs is dose dependent and antagonized by centrally administered atropine.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain; Carbachol; Cats; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Male; Pons; Sleep, REM | 1989 |
Comparative actions of GABA and acetylcholine on the Xenopus laevis lateral line.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Animals; Atropine; Bicuculline; Carbachol; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hair Cells, Auditory; Male; Xenopus laevis | 1985 |
Effect of L-glutamate, injected into the posterior hypothalamus, on blood pressure and heart rate in unanesthetized and unrestrained rats.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Drug Interactions; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Hypothalamus; Hypothalamus, Posterior; Male; Phentolamine; Propranolol; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1985 |
Characterization of inhibition of the spinal nociceptive tail-flick reflex in the rat from the medullary lateral reticular nucleus.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Haloperidol; Injections, Spinal; Male; Methysergide; Microinjections; Naloxone; Nociceptors; Phentolamine; Prazosin; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex; Reticular Formation; Spinal Cord; Yohimbine | 1986 |
A microiontophoretic study on the nature of the putative synaptic neurotransmitter involved in the pedunculopontine-substantia nigra pars compacta excitatory pathway of the rat.
Topics: 2-Aminoadipic Acid; Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Evoked Potentials; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Iontophoresis; Male; Neural Pathways; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pons; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substantia Nigra; Synapses; Tegmentum Mesencephali | 1986 |
Release of endogenous aspartate and glutamate induced by electrical stimulation in guinea pig cerebellar slices.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Atropine; Cerebellar Cortex; Cerebellum; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Methysergide; Synaptic Transmission | 1986 |
Activation of lateral vestibular nucleus neurons by iontophoretically applied phencyclidine.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Cats; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Iontophoresis; Male; Neurons; Phencyclidine; Synapses; Vestibular Nuclei | 1986 |
Acute central effects of L-glutamate in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular System; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Hexamethonium Compounds; Hypertension; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Methylene Blue; Pentobarbital; Propranolol | 1987 |
Effects of bifemelane hydrochloride on cortical neuronal activity in cats.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Animals; Atropine; Benzhydryl Compounds; Cats; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Physostigmine; Visual Cortex | 1987 |
Mealing and related hormone release suppress hypothalamic lesions of neonatal mice by L-glutamate.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Arginine; Atropine; Eating; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Mice; Pancreatic Hormones; Sodium Glutamate | 1987 |
Stimulation of the locus coeruleus decreases arterial pressure.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Carbachol; Cerebral Cortex; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Homocysteine; Hydroxydopamines; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Norepinephrine; Oxidopamine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Vasopressins | 1987 |
Stimulation of muscarinic receptor in hippocampal neuron induces characteristic increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Cytosol; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Pirenzepine; Potassium; Rats; Receptors, Muscarinic; Tetrodotoxin; Time Factors | 1988 |
Cardiovascular function is altered by picomole injections of glutamate into rat medulla.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Cardiovascular System; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Injections; Medulla Oblongata; Phentolamine; Propranolol; Rats | 1988 |
The effects of acetylcholine on response properties of cat somatosensory cortical neurons.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Cats; Cell Count; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Extremities; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Iontophoresis; Male; Neurons; Neurons, Afferent; Reaction Time; Somatosensory Cortex; Thalamic Nuclei | 1988 |
Transient and prolonged effects of acetylcholine on responsiveness of cat somatosensory cortical neurons.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Cats; Cells, Cultured; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Iontophoresis; Neurons, Afferent; Physical Stimulation; Skin; Somatosensory Cortex; Time Factors | 1988 |
Cardiovascular responses elicited by electrical and chemical stimulation of the rostral medullary raphe of the rabbit.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Cardiovascular System; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Rabbits; Raphe Nuclei | 1988 |
Angiotensin receptor binding and pressor effects in cat subretrofacial nucleus.
Topics: 1-Sarcosine-8-Isoleucine Angiotensin II; Angiotensin II; Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Cats; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Receptors, Angiotensin; Tissue Distribution | 1988 |
Direct effect of neuroleptics on glutamate release.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Atropine; Avoidance Learning; Butaclamol; Calcium; Chlorpromazine; Clozapine; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Haloperidol; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Rats; Synaptosomes | 1984 |
Effect of intrastriatal glutamic acid injection on rat cerebellar cyclic GMP levels.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Cerebellum; Cyclic GMP; Dopamine; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Kinetics; Male; Rats | 1981 |
Effects of neurotransmitters on calcium efflux from cultured glioma cells.
Topics: Astrocytoma; Atropine; Calcium; Calcium Radioisotopes; Carbachol; Cells, Cultured; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Humans; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nicotine; Norepinephrine; Oxotremorine; Prostaglandins E; Time Factors | 1981 |
Caudate neurons: cholinoceptive receptor sites.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Cats; Caudate Nucleus; Dopamine; Evoked Potentials; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Neurons; Rats; Receptors, Cholinergic; Serotonin; Tubocurarine | 1981 |
Stimulation of catecholamine release from isolated adrenal glands by some amino acids.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Amino Acids; Animals; Atropine; Calcium; Catecholamines; Chromaffin Granules; Dogs; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hexamethonium Compounds; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Methionine; Physostigmine | 1982 |
Multiple actions of acetylcholine on hippocampal pyramidal cells in organotypic explant cultures.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Atropine; Calcium; Cholinergic Fibers; Cobalt; Evoked Potentials; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Ion Channels; Magnesium; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Organ Culture Techniques; Rats; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin | 1982 |
Effects of acetylcholine on sodium-dependent high-affinity glutamate transport in rat striatal homogenates.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Biological Transport; Carbachol; Corpus Striatum; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kinetics; Male; Nicotine; Oxotremorine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium | 1983 |
Chemical transmission in the rat interpeduncular nucleus in vitro.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Amino Acids; Animals; Atropine; Bungarotoxins; Carbachol; Evoked Potentials; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mesencephalon; Muscarine; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Physostigmine; Rats | 1983 |
Tetrahydro-9-aminoacridine presynaptically inhibits glutamatergic transmission in the rat amygdala.
Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Amygdala; Animals; Atropine; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Microelectrodes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Presynaptic; Synaptic Transmission; Tacrine | 1995 |
Accumulation of 3H-phosphoinositides mediated by muscarinic receptors in the developing chick retina: inhibition of carbachol-induced response by glutamate receptors.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Chick Embryo; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; N-Methylaspartate; Phosphatidylinositols; Physostigmine; Pirenzepine; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Muscarinic; Retina | 1995 |
Effect of glutamate stimulation of bed nucleus of the stria terminalis on arterial pressure and heart rate.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Brain Mapping; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Male; Microinjections; Neurons; Prosencephalon; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Thalamic Nuclei | 1993 |
Mechanisms of pressor and bradycardic responses to L-glutamate microinjected into the NTS of conscious rats.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Autonomic Nerve Block; Baroreflex; Blood Pressure; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Nerve Block; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Prazosin; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Amino Acid | 1994 |
Effect of atropine injected into the nucleus tractus solitarius on the regulation of blood pressure.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Atropine Derivatives; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Male; Microinjections; Norepinephrine; Parasympatholytics; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Muscarinic; Reflex; Solitary Nucleus; Stereotaxic Techniques | 1994 |
Protection by alcuronium of muscarinic receptors against chemical inactivation and location of the allosteric binding site for alcuronium.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Alcuronium; Allosteric Site; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Atropine; Carbachol; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; Female; Gallamine Triethiodide; Glutamic Acid; Heart Atria; Male; Parasympatholytics; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Muscarinic; Tyrosine | 1994 |
Amino acids modify activity of canine intrinsic cardiac neurons involved in cardiac regulation.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Atropine; Dogs; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Heart; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Male; Microinjections; Neurons; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Sympathetic Nervous System; Timolol | 1993 |
L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutanoic acid and 1S,3R-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid reduce paired-pulse depression recorded from medial perforant path in the dentate gyrus of rat hippocampal slices.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Atropine; Baclofen; Carbachol; Cycloleucine; Depression, Chemical; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Membrane Potentials; Neural Pathways; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Picrotoxin; Potassium Channels; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Theophylline | 1993 |
[The cholinergic dependence of the cortical neuronal mechanism underlying the Pavlovian blinking conditioned reflex].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Atropine; Blinking; Cerebral Cortex; Conditioning, Classical; Electrodes; Glutamic Acid; Neurons; Rats; Receptors, Cholinergic; Stimulation, Chemical | 1995 |
Modulation of forebrain electroencephalographic activity in halothane-anesthetized rat via actions of noradrenergic beta-receptors within the medial septal region.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Antibody Specificity; Arousal; Atropine; Cerebral Cortex; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; Electroencephalography; Glutamic Acid; Halothane; Hippocampus; Injections, Intraventricular; Isoproterenol; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Microinjections; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurons; Norepinephrine; Prosencephalon; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Septal Nuclei; Timolol | 1996 |
Regulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated synaptic responses by adenosine receptors in the rat hippocampus.
Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Kinase; Animals; Atropine; Cyclic AMP; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; GABA Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Membrane Potentials; Parasympatholytics; Parasympathomimetics; Physostigmine; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Muscarinic; Receptors, Purinergic P1; Synaptic Membranes; Synaptic Transmission; Xanthines | 1997 |
NMDA receptor-mediated pilocarpine-induced seizures: characterization in freely moving rats by microdialysis.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Convulsants; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Lamotrigine; Male; Microdialysis; Pilocarpine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Seizures; Triazines | 1997 |
Cardiovascular depressor responses to stimulation of substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Atropine; Benzazepines; Blood Pressure; Brain Mapping; Dopamine Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Hexamethonium; Male; Mesencephalon; Microinjections; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurons; Nicotinic Antagonists; Raclopride; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Salicylamides; Stimulation, Chemical; Substantia Nigra; Tegmentum Mesencephali | 1997 |
Acetylcholine triggers L-glutamate exocytosis via nicotinic receptors and inhibits melatonin synthesis in rat pinealocytes.
Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; Acetylcholine; Animals; Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; Atropine; Bungarotoxins; Calcium; Calcium Channel Agonists; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Carbachol; Cells, Cultured; Diltiazem; Exocytosis; Glutamic Acid; Melatonin; Muscarine; Muscarinic Agonists; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; Nifedipine; Nitrendipine; Oxotremorine; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Pineal Gland; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Nicotinic; Scopolamine; Synaptic Vesicles; Tubocurarine | 1998 |
Subcellular muscarinic enhancement of excitability and Ca2+-signals in CA1-dendrites in rat hippocampal slice.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Animals; Antimanic Agents; Atropine; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Carbachol; Dendrites; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Lithium Chloride; Muscarinic Agonists; Muscarinic Antagonists; Organ Culture Techniques; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Muscarinic; Tetrodotoxin | 1999 |
Vagally-regulated gastric motor activity: evidence for kainate and NMDA receptor mediation.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Brain Stem; Bronchodilator Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Gastrointestinal Motility; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Male; Microinjections; N-Methylaspartate; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Stomach; Vagus Nerve | 1999 |
Nitrergic stimulation of the locus coeruleus modulates blood pressure and heart rate in the anaesthetized rat.
Topics: Anesthesia, General; Animals; Arginine; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Dizocilpine Maleate; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Microinjections; Nitroarginine; Rats; Rats, Inbred WKY | 1999 |
Cholinergic and glutamatergic transmission in medial vestibular nucleus neurons responding to lateral roll tilt in rats.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cholinergic Fibers; Electrophysiology; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Male; Neurons; Posture; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synaptic Transmission; Vestibular Nuclei | 1999 |
Excitation of dorsal motor vagal neurons evokes non-nicotinic receptor-mediated gastric relaxation.
Topics: Animals; Area Under Curve; Atropine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gastrointestinal Motility; Glutamic Acid; Hexamethonium; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Motor Neurons; Muscle Relaxation; N-Methylaspartate; Nicotinic Antagonists; Nitric Oxide; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stimulation, Chemical; Stomach; Vagus Nerve | 1999 |
Synthesis and characteristics of the human serum albumin-triazine chiral stationary phase.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Atropine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Fenoprofen; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Ibuprofen; Naproxen; Protein Binding; Serum Albumin; Silicon Dioxide; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Stereoisomerism; Triazines; Tryptophan; Warfarin | 2000 |
MK-801 is cytotoxic to microglia in vitro and its cytotoxicity is attenuated by glutamate, other excitotoxic agents and atropine. Possible presence of glutamate receptor and muscarinic receptor on microglia.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cells, Cultured; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Microglia; Parasympatholytics; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Muscarinic | 2001 |
Muscarinic modulation of GABAergic transmission to neurons in the rat subfornical organ.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Cholinergic Agonists; Electric Conductivity; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Male; Membrane Potentials; Muscarine; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Subfornical Organ; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 2001 |
Potentiation of glutamatergic synaptic input to supraoptic neurons by presynaptic nicotinic receptors.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Mecamylamine; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurons; Nicotinic Antagonists; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Muscarinic; Receptors, Nicotinic; Supraoptic Nucleus; Synaptic Transmission | 2001 |
The 5-HT(6) receptor antagonist SB-271046 selectively enhances excitatory neurotransmission in the rat frontal cortex and hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Dopamine; Excitatory Amino Acids; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Male; Microdialysis; Muscarinic Antagonists; Norepinephrine; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Serotonin; Serotonin; Serotonin Antagonists; Sulfonamides; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin; Thiophenes | 2001 |
Cholinergic transmission via central synapses in the locust nervous system.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Bicuculline; Bungarotoxins; Carbachol; Crotonates; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ganglia, Invertebrate; Glutamic Acid; Grasshoppers; Interneurons; Muscimol; Neurons, Afferent; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; Picrotoxin; Receptors, Nicotinic; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Tubocurarine | 2001 |
Synaptic mechanisms underlie nicotine-induced excitability of brain reward areas.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Action Potentials; Adolescent; Animals; Atropine; Cholinergic Antagonists; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dopamine; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ganglionic Stimulants; Glutamic Acid; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Insecticides; Mice; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurons; Nicotine; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Nicotinic; Reward; Smoking; Synaptic Transmission; Ventral Tegmental Area | 2002 |
Involvement of rat lateral septum-acetylcholine pressor system in central amygdaloid nucleus-emotional pressor circuit.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Amygdala; Animals; Atropine; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Glutamic Acid; Habenula; Hypertension; Hypothalamus; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Muscarinic Antagonists; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Septal Nuclei; Stress, Psychological; Substance P | 2002 |
Evidence for glutamatergic mechanisms in the vagal sensory pathway initiating cardiorespiratory reflexes in the shorthorn sculpin Myoxocephalus scorpius.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Amidines; Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Brain Mapping; Dizocilpine Maleate; Fishes; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Vagus Nerve | 2003 |
Presynaptic inhibition of Schaffer collateral synapses by stimulation of hippocampal cholinergic afferent fibres.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cholinergic Fibers; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Membrane Potentials; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurons, Afferent; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Presynaptic; Synapses | 2003 |
Nicotinic receptors on local circuit neurons in dentate gyrus: a potential role in regulation of granule cell excitability.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Atropine; Choline; Dentate Gyrus; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Interneurons; Mossy Fibers, Hippocampal; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Nicotinic Agonists; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Nicotinic; Synaptic Transmission | 2003 |
Pyridostigmine enhances glutamatergic transmission in hippocampal CA1 neurons.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin | 2003 |
Transient muscarinic calcium mobilisation in transdifferentiating as in reaggregating embryonic chick retinae.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Alkaloids; Animals; Atropine; Calcium; Cell Aggregation; Cell Differentiation; Chick Embryo; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; Fura-2; Glutamic Acid; Isoquinolines; Muscarine; Muscarinic Agonists; Muscarinic Antagonists; Organ Culture Techniques; Pigment Epithelium of Eye; Receptors, Muscarinic; Retina; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Time Factors | 2003 |
Fulfenamic acid sensitive, Ca(2+)-dependent inward current induced by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in dopamine neurons.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Calcium; Carbachol; Chelating Agents; Chlorides; Cholinergic Agonists; Dopamine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Egtazic Acid; Electric Conductivity; Flufenamic Acid; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Lactones; Lysine; Mecamylamine; Membrane Potentials; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurons; Nicotinic Antagonists; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Phenytoin; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Nicotinic; Sesquiterpenes; Substantia Nigra; Ventral Tegmental Area | 2003 |
[Glutamic acid alone and with other drugs in therapy of contact dermatitis].
Topics: Atropine; Dermatitis; Dermatitis, Contact; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Propiophenones | 1952 |
Properties of synaptically evoked astrocyte calcium signal reveal synaptic information processing by astrocytes.
Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Acetylcholine; Aniline Compounds; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes; Atropine; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Cell Communication; Diagnostic Imaging; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Drug Interactions; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Hippocampus; Immunohistochemistry; In Vitro Techniques; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium Channel Blockers; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin; Xanthenes | 2005 |
Cooperative glutamatergic and cholinergic mechanisms generate short-term modifications of synaptic effectiveness in prepositus hypoglossi neurons.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Acetylcholine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Atropine; Brain Stem; Drug Interactions; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Hypoglossal Nerve; In Vitro Techniques; Membrane Potentials; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nerve Net; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pirenzepine; Rats; Synaptic Transmission; Time Factors; Valine | 2005 |
Nicotinic and muscarinic reduction of unitary excitatory postsynaptic potentials in sensory cortex; dual intracellular recording in vitro.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Cholinergic Agonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Magnesium; Mecamylamine; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; Pyramidal Cells; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Somatosensory Cortex | 2006 |
Analysis of the mechanism of antinociceptive action of niga-ichigoside F1 obtained from Rubus imperialis (Rosaceae).
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Apomorphine; Atropine; Capsaicin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Glutamic Acid; Haloperidol; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Mice; Molecular Structure; Morphine; Naloxone; Nitroarginine; Pain; Pain Measurement; Plant Extracts; Rosaceae; Saponins; Yohimbine | 2006 |
Heterogeneous population of dopaminergic neurons derived from mouse embryonic stem cells: preliminary phenotyping based on receptor expression and function.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Atropine; Calcium; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Cholinergic Agents; Cocaine; Dopamine; Dopamine Antagonists; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Embryonic Stem Cells; Fluorescent Dyes; Glutamic Acid; Haloperidol; Mice; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurons; Norepinephrine; Phenotype; Tetrodotoxin; Tritium; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2007 |
Central cholinergic blockade reduces the pressor response to L-glutamate into the rostral ventrolateral medullary pressor area.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Phenylephrine; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Sympathetic Nervous System | 2007 |
The role of defensins in the excitability of the peripheral vestibular system in the frog: evidence for the presence of communication between the immune and nervous systems.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; alpha-Defensins; Animals; Atropine; Cholinergic Antagonists; Cycloleucine; Defensins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Immune System; In Vitro Techniques; Inflammation; Kainic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Neuroimmunomodulation; Neurons, Afferent; Rabbits; Rana temporaria; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Opioid; Semicircular Canals; Synaptic Transmission; Vestibule, Labyrinth | 2007 |
In vitro activation of the medial septum-diagonal band complex generates atropine-sensitive and atropine-resistant hippocampal theta rhythm: an investigation using a complete septohippocampal preparation.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Bicuculline; Carbachol; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Muscarinic Antagonists; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, Muscarinic; Septum Pellucidum; Tetrodotoxin; Theta Rhythm | 2008 |
Spatial organization of neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus synapsing with intragastric cholinergic and nitric oxide/VIP neurons in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Cholinergic Fibers; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gastrointestinal Motility; Glutamic Acid; Hexamethonium; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Nerve Net; Neurons; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stomach; Vagotomy; Vagus Nerve; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide | 2008 |
Impact of protein kinase C activation on epileptiform activity in the hippocampal slice.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Animals; Atropine; Benzoates; Benzophenanthridines; Enzyme Activation; Epilepsy; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Guinea Pigs; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Neurotransmitter Agents; Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate; Picrotoxin; Protein Kinase C; Pyridines; Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Signal Transduction | 2008 |
mGluR-dependent persistent firing in entorhinal cortex layer III neurons.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Atropine; Electric Stimulation; Entorhinal Cortex; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Membrane Potentials; Memory; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Receptors, Muscarinic; Synapses | 2008 |
Mechanisms involved in the antinociception caused by ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) in mice.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Arginine; Atropine; Cinnamates; Depsides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Formaldehyde; Glutamic Acid; Male; Mecamylamine; Melissa; Mice; Motor Activity; Naloxone; Nitric Oxide; Pain; Pain Threshold; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Receptors, Muscarinic; Receptors, Nicotinic; Rosmarinic Acid | 2009 |
Vagal visceral inputs to the nucleus of the solitary tract: involvement in a parasympathetic reflex vasodilator pathway in the rat masseter muscle.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Atropine; Biophysics; Blood Pressure; Electric Stimulation; GABA Agonists; Glutamic Acid; Hemodynamics; Hexamethonium; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; Lip; Male; Masseter Muscle; Muscimol; Neural Pathways; Nicotinic Antagonists; Parasympatholytics; Phentolamine; Propranolol; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Solitary Nucleus; Vagus Nerve; Vasodilation; Vasodilator Agents | 2010 |
Antinociceptive effect of stimulating the zona incerta with glutamate in rats.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Atropine; Glutamic Acid; Haloperidol; Male; Mecamylamine; Methysergide; Microinjections; Naloxone; Pain; Pain Measurement; Phenoxybenzamine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Subthalamic Nucleus; Subthalamus | 2012 |
Astrocytes mediate in vivo cholinergic-induced synaptic plasticity.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Atropine; Calcium Signaling; Cholinergic Neurons; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Hippocampus; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; Long-Term Potentiation; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Muscarinic Antagonists; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 2012 |
Presynaptic α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors increase glutamate release and serotonin neuron excitability in the dorsal raphe nucleus.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Acetylcholine; Aconitine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Atropine; Bicuculline; Cadmium Chloride; Chelating Agents; Cholinergic Agonists; Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine; Egtazic Acid; Electric Stimulation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; GABA Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Indoles; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nicotine; Nicotinic Antagonists; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Physostigmine; Presynaptic Terminals; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Nicotinic; Ryanodine; Serotonergic Neurons; Serotonin; Sodium Channel Blockers; Tetrodotoxin | 2012 |
Glutamate transporter type 3 knockout leads to decreased heart rate possibly via parasympathetic mechanism.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Central Nervous System; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Humans; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Sinoatrial Node; Synaptic Transmission; Vagus Nerve | 2013 |
Activation of M1 mAChRs by lesatropane rescues glutamate neurotoxicity in PC12 cells via PKC-mediated phosphorylation of ERK1/2.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cell Survival; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Activation; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Glutamic Acid; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; PC12 Cells; Phosphorylation; Pirenzepine; Protein Kinase C; Rats; Receptor, Muscarinic M1; Tropanes | 2013 |
Evidence that BDNF regulates heart rate by a mechanism involving increased brainstem parasympathetic neuron excitability.
Topics: Animals; Atenolol; Atropine; Brain Stem; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cholinergic Fibers; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Humans; Infusions, Intraventricular; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials; Male; Mice; Mice, Congenic; Neurons; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Recombinant Proteins; Vagus Nerve | 2014 |
Origins of the vagal drive controlling left ventricular contractility.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists; Animals; Atenolol; Atropine; GABA-A Receptor Agonists; Glutamic Acid; Heart Ventricles; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Muscimol; Myocardial Contraction; Neurons; Neuropeptides; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Ultrasonography; Vagus Nerve; Ventricular Function | 2016 |
CNS sites controlling the gastric pyloric sphincter: Neuroanatomical and functional study in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Glutamic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Pylorus; Rats; Vagus Nerve | 2023 |