Compounds > telmisartan
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telmisartan

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Description

Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) used to treat high blood pressure and to reduce the risk of stroke in people with high blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy. Its synthesis involves a multi-step process starting from 2-[[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole, followed by a series of reactions to introduce the desired functional groups. Telmisartan works by blocking the action of angiotensin II, a hormone that constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure. By blocking this hormone, telmisartan helps to lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Telmisartan has been studied extensively for its efficacy and safety in treating hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. Its importance lies in its ability to provide effective blood pressure control and reduce the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular complications. '

Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID65999
CHEMBL ID1017
CHEBI ID9434
SCHEMBL ID4464
MeSH IDM0223750

Synonyms (205)

Synonym
BIDD:GT0365
AC-2013
telmisartan teva
c09ca07
CHEMBL1017 ,
bibr-277 se
bibr-277se
bibr 277 se
semintra
telmisartan actavis
4''-((1,4''-dimethyl-2''-propyl(2,6''-bi-1h-benzimidazol)-1''-yl)methyl)-(1,1''-biphenyl)-2-carboxylic acid
4''-[(1,7''-dimethyl-2''-propyl-1h,3''h-2,5''-bibenzimidazol-3''-yl)methyl]biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid
4''-((4-methyl-6-(1-methyl-2-benzimidazolyl)-2-propyl-1-benzimidazolyl)methyl)-2-biphenylcarboxylic acid
4''-[(1,4''-dimethyl-2''propyl[2,6''-bi-1h-benzimidazol]-1''-yl)methyl]-[1,1''-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid
4''-[(1,7''-dimethyl-2''-propyl-1h,3''h-2,5''-bibenzimidazol-3''-yl)methyl][1,1''-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid
bdbm50043280
AKOS005557501
HMS3393P16
AB00639941-07
BRD-K73999723-001-02-2
gtpl592
kinzalmono
bay-68-9291
bibr-277-se
ym-086
pritor
kinzal
4'-[(1,7'-dimethyl-2'-propyl-1h,3'h-2,5'-bibenzimidazol-3'-yl)methyl]biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid
c33h30n4o2
(1,1'-biphenyl)-2-carboxylic acid, 4'-((1,4'-dimethyl-2'-propyl(2,6'-bi-1h-benzimidazol)-1'-yl)methyl)-
micardis
bibr-277
4'-((4-methyl-6-(1-methyl-2-benzimidazolyl)-2-propyl-1-benzimidazolyl)methyl)-2-biphenylcarboxylic acid
bibr 277se
bibr 277
4'-((1,4'-dimethyl-2'-propyl(2,6'-bi-1h-benzimidazol)-1'-yl)methyl)-(1,1'-biphenyl)-2-carboxylic acid
SPECTRUM5_001053
144701-48-4
telmisartan
C07710
telmisartan [inn]
smr000466326
MLS000759432
4'-[(1,4'-dimethyl-2'propyl[2,6'-bi-1h-benzimidazol]-1'-yl)methyl]-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid
cpd000466326
DB00966
D00627
micardis (tn)
telmisartan (jp17/usp/inn)
BSPBIO_002738
NCGC00095150-02
NCGC00095150-01
KBIOGR_001842
KBIO3_001958
SPECTRUM2_001976
SPECTRUM3_001089
SPBIO_002131
SPECTRUM4_001261
SPECTRUM1505261
NCGC00095150-03
4'-[(1,7'-dimethyl-2'-propyl-1h,3'h-2,5'-bibenzimidazol-3'-yl)methyl][1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid
CHEBI:9434 ,
MLS001076687
HMS2090P17
HMS2051P16
HMS2093M22
2-[4-[[4-methyl-6-(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-2-propylbenzimidazol-1-yl]methyl]phenyl]benzoic acid
L001035
HMS1922P07
STK624049
2-[4-[[4-methyl-6-(1-methyl-2-benzimidazolyl)-2-propyl-1-benzimidazolyl]methyl]phenyl]benzoic acid
2-[4-[[4-methyl-6-(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-2-propyl-benzimidazol-1-yl]methyl]phenyl]benzoic acid
A808270
NCGC00095150-04
TLS ,
telmisartar
telsite
tazlok
kinzal/pritor
nsc 759811
u5syw473rq ,
tolura
bay68-9291
hsdb 7590
bay 68-9291
telday
unii-u5syw473rq
telmisartan [usan:usp:inn:ban]
nsc759811
nsc-759811
MLS001424174
pharmakon1600-01505261
tox21_111452
dtxcid803636
cas-144701-48-4
dtxsid8023636 ,
T2861
4'-[[4-methyl-6-(1-methyl-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-propyl-1h-benzimidazol-1-yl]methyl]biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid
HMS2231P07
CCG-39514
targit
BCP0726000055
FT-0631170
NCGC00095150-07
NCGC00095150-06
AB07687
S1738
4'-[[4-methyl-6-(1-methyl-2-benzimidazolyl)-2-propyl-1-benzimidazolyl]methyl]-2-biphenylcarboxylic acid
4'-[2-n-propyl-4-methyl-6-(1-methyl benzimidazol-2-yl)benzimidazol-1-yl methyl]biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid
4'-[[2-n-propyl-4-methyl-6-(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-benzimidazol-1-yl]-methyl]-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid
RMMXLENWKUUMAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
telmisartan [ep impurity]
telmisartan component of micardiplus
tolucombi component telmisartan
telmisartan [usp monograph]
twynsta component telmisartan
kinzalkomb component telmisartan
telmisartan [mart.]
telmisartan [ep monograph]
telmisartan teva pharma
onduarp component telmisartan
telmisartan [ema epar veterinary]
telmisartan [who-dd]
telmisartan [vandf]
telmisartan [mi]
telmisartan [usan]
telmisartan component of pritorplus
micardisplus component telmisartan
telmisartan component of micardisplus
telmisartan component of tolucombi
pritorplus component telmisartan
telmisartan [green book]
telmisartan [hsdb]
telmisartan component of twynsta
telmisartan [orange book]
telmisartan component of onduarp
telmisartan [jan]
telmisartan [ema epar]
telmisartan component of kinzalkomb
telmisartan [usp-rs]
micardis hct component telmisartan
DL-511
HY-13955
CS-1699
[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid, 4'-[(1,4'-dimethyl-2'-propyl[2,6'-bi-1h-benzimidazol]-1'-yl)methyl]-
NC00296
AM90292
BBL029085
2-(4-{[4-methyl-6-(1-methyl-1h-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)-2-propyl-1h-1,3-benzodiazol-1-yl]methyl}phenyl)benzoic acid
SCHEMBL4464
tox21_111452_1
NCGC00095150-08
KS-1215
AB00639941-06
MLS006011851
4'-[(1,4'-dimethyl-2'-propyl[2,6'-bi-1h-benzimidazol]-1'-yl)methyl]-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid
4'-((1,7'-dimethyl-2'-propyl-1h,3'h-[2,5'-bibenzo[d]imidazol]-3'-yl)methyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid
Q-101933
telmisattan
AB00639941_09
AB00639941_08
mfcd00918125
4'[(1,4'-dimethyl-2'-propyl[2,6'-bi-1h-benzimidazol]-1'-yl)methyl][1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid
telmisartan (micardis)
4'-(1,7'-dimethyl-2'-propyl-1h-[2,5']bibenzoimidazolyl-3'-ylmethyl)-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid
SR-01000759355-4
sr-01000759355
SR-01000759355-5
telmisartan, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
HMS3655C08
telmisartan, pharmaceutical secondary standard; certified reference material
telmisartan for peak identification, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
telmisartan, >=98% (hplc), solid
telmisartan for system suitability, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
telmisartan, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
SBI-0206733.P001
HMS3715L17
SW197676-3
4'-((1,7'-dimethyl-2'-propyl-1h,3'h-2,5'-bibenzo[d]imidazol-3'-yl)methyl)biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid
FT-0674836
BCP04513
SY052776
Q733186
HMS3750E19
2-[4-[[4-methyl-6-(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-2-propylbenzimidazol-1-yl]methyl]phenyl]benzoic acid.
T-170
4'-((1,7'-dimethyl-2'-propyl-1h,3'h-[2,5'-bibenzo[d]imidazol]-3'-yl)methyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylicacid
4-(1,4-dimethyl-2-propyl-2,6-bi-1h-benzimidazol-1-yl)methyl-1,1-biphenyl-2-carboxylicacid
telmisartan for peak identification
telmisartan for system suitability
BT164444
telmisartan- bio-x
EN300-123532
4'-{[4-methyl-6-(1-methyl-1h-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)-2-propyl-1h-1,3-benzodiazol-1-yl]methyl}-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid
HB2558
telmisartana
telmisartanum
telmisartan (ema epar veterinary)
telmisartan (usan:usp:inn:ban)
telmisartan (mart.)
telmisartan (ep monograph)
telmisartan (usp monograph)
telmisartan (ep impurity)
telmisartan (usp-rs)
Z1551967334

Research Excerpts

Overview

Telmisartan (TELM) is an angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (Agtr1) antagonist. It has partial agonism for Pparg, and has been shown to affect bone metabolism. It is a weakly acidic, poorly water-soluble API with pH-dependent solubility.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Telmisartan is a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist which selectively and insurmountably inhibits the angiotensin II AT1 receptor subtype without affecting other receptor systems involved in cardiovascular regulation. "( Telmisartan.
Markham, A; McClellan, KJ, 1998)		3.19
"Telmisartan (TELM) is an angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (Agtr1) antagonist, with partial agonism for Pparg, and has been shown to affect bone metabolism. "( Telmisartan impairs the in vitro osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells from spontaneously hypertensive male rats.
Alves Barreto, AE; Balera Brito, VG; Lara, VS; Patrocinio, MS; Penha Oliveira, SH; Santos, CF; Tfaile Frasnelli, SC, 2021)		3.51
"Telmisartan is a weakly acidic, poorly water-soluble API with pH-dependent solubility."( Increasing Drug Loading of Weakly Acidic Telmisartan in Amorphous Solid Dispersions through pH Modification during Hot-Melt Extrusion.
Davis, DA; Moon, C; Thompson, SA; Williams, RO, 2022)		1.71
"Telmisartan (TEL) is an approved angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker for the treatment of hypertension and possesses nephroprotective efficacy."( Telmisartan attenuates diabetic nephropathy by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation, and upregulating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in diabetic rats.
Abdel Hamid, AM; Abdel Monsef, AS; Abdo, W; Ahmeda, AF; Amer, ME; Antar, SA; El-Moselhy, LE; Farage, AE; Kamel, EM; Mahmoud, AM; Taha, RS, 2022)		2.89
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker used to treat hypertension."( A Simple UPLC/MS-MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Lenvatinib and Telmisartan in Rat Plasma, and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interaction Study.
Cui, Y; Dong, Z; Fan, L; Fu, Y; He, X; Li, X; Li, Y, 2022)		1.67
"Telmisartan (TEL) is an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker and a partial activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), which regulates inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. "( Addressing Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-gamma in 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Striatal Neurotoxicity in Rats.
Ahmed, MAE; El Sayed, NS; El-Sahar, AE; Mansour, RM, 2022)		2.16
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker that has great potential to improve the treatment of hypertension, proteinuria, and cardiovascular disease in dogs. "( Single-dose pharmacokinetics of telmisartan oral solution and effect of feeding in dogs.
Bechtel, AG; Li, Z; Reinhart, JM, 2023)		2.64
"Telmisartan (TEL) is a widely used anti-hypertensive drug approved by FDA."( Telmisartan Alleviates Alzheimer's Disease-Related Neuropathologies and Cognitive Impairments.
Cao, HM; Deng, Y; Duan, R; Fu, XX; Jiang, T; Lian, HW; Wei, B; Zhang, YD, 2023)		3.07
"Telmisartan, which is an antihypertensive agent, is a promising neuroprotective agent."( Telmisartan inhibits microglia-induced neurotoxic A1 astrocyte conversion via PPARγ-mediated NF-κB/p65 degradation.
Lan, T; Li, XC; Li, ZQ; Quan, W; Tang, F; Wang, MY; Wang, ZF; Xu, CS; Yang, C; Yu, DH, 2023)		3.07
"Telmisartan is a known angiotensin II (Ang II) AT1 receptor blocker (ARB). "( Telmisartan attenuates obesity-induced insulin resistance via suppression of AMPK mediated ER stress.
He, J; Huang, C; Huang, H; Huang, Y; Li, R; Li, Y; Liu, Q; Tang, Q; Wu, T; Zhang, G; Zhang, J; Zhang, Z; Zhao, Y; Zhou, J, 2020)		3.44
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin-receptor II blocker (type 1) used for the treatment of hypertension."( Telmisartan-induced sprue-like enteropathy: a case report.
Acín, T; Alzueta, N; Echeverría, A; Fontela, C; Garjón, J; Montenegro, L; Sanz, L, 2020)		2.72
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker that has pleiotropic effects and protective properties in different cell types. "( Telmisartan Protects Auditory Hair Cells from Gentamicin-Induced Toxicity in vitro.
Bodmer, D; Cortada, M; Jain, N; Levano, S; Wei, E, 2020)		3.44
"Telmisartan (TLM) is a potent antihypertensive drug with pH-dependent aqueous solubility. "( Preparation and Evaluation of Co-amorphous Formulations of Telmisartan-Amino Acids as a Potential Method for Solubility and Dissolution Enhancement.
Al-Akayleh, F; Al-Remawi, M; Hmouze, S; Khanfar, M, 2021)		2.31
"Telmisartan (TEL) is an antihypertensive BCS class II drug with low solubility at physiological pH. "( Electrospun orally disintegrating film formulation of telmisartan.
Acartürk, F; Birer, M, 2021)		2.31
"Telmisartan is an antihypertensive drug and several FDC products of telmisartan are available in the market for the treatment of hypertension. "( Application of DoE-Based Analytical QRM to Development of the Multipurpose RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Multiple FDC Products of Telmisartan Using Enhanced AQbD Approach.
Patel, A; Prajapati, P; Shah, S, 2022)		2.37
"Telmisartan is a novel antihypertension agent that exerts promising anti-inflammatory effects."( Telmisartan mitigates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) through increasing suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1).
Chen, L; Deng, M; Liang, Y; Ma, J; Wang, Y; Xu, J; Zhang, J; Zhang, L, 2021)		2.79
"Telmisartan (TMST) is a clinically available anti-hypertensive medicine and has shown its potential properties for improving vascular endothelial function."( Telmisartan ameliorates vascular endothelial dysfunction in coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP).
Jin, Z; Sun, B; Tan, Q, 2018)		2.64
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and a partial agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ). "( Effects of telmisartan on TNFα induced PPARγ phosphorylation and insulin resistance in adipocytes.
Cui, X; Di, Y; Fang, T; Li, G; Li, Y; Shen, N; Tian, F; Xi, P; Xie, Y, 2018)		2.31
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) and a selective peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) modulator. "( Acute toxic effects of telmisartan in spontaneously hypertensive rats fed a high fructose diet.
Behuliak, M; Jirsa, M; Kuda, O; Mlejnek, P; Pravenec, M; Šilhavý, J; Šimáková, M; Sticová, E; Vaněčková, I, 2018)		2.23
"Telmisartan is a well-known anti-hypertensive drug acting as an angiotensin 2 receptor blocker (ARB), but it also possesses partial PPARγ agonistic activity and induces insulin sensitivity. "( Telmisartan induces browning of fully differentiated white adipocytes via M2 macrophage polarization.
Cheon, HG; Choi, HE; Jeon, EJ; Kim, DY; Lee, NH, 2019)		3.4
"Telmisartan is a potential treatment for NAFLD due to its ability to improve insulin sensitivity and decrease hepatic fat accumulation via modulation of PPARγ, and to suppress hepatic fibrosis by blocking angiotensin II receptors."( Connectivity mapping of angiotensin-PPAR interactions involved in the amelioration of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by Telmisartan.
Choi, CS; Han, YI; Kang, KW; Mok, JS; Park, HD; Park, J; Park, JG; Park, TS, 2019)		1.44
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker used for the treatment of hypertension. "( Effects of UGT1A1 Polymorphism, Gender and Triglyceride on the Pharmacokinetics of Telmisartan in Chinese Patients with Hypertension: A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis.
Guo, CX; Huang, J; Huang, L; Liu, SK; Pei, Q; Tan, HY; Yang, GP; Yang, L; Zuo, XC, 2019)		2.18
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin-II receptor type-1 blocker and a partial agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. "( Effects of telmisartan and losartan treatments on bone turnover markers in patients with newly diagnosed stage I hypertension.
Aydoğan, BI; Erarslan, E; Güllü, S; Ünlütürk, U, )		1.96
"Telmisartan is an antihypertensive drug and is a specific angiotensin II receptor (AT1) antagonist. "( Synthesis of telmisartan impurity B.
Wang, ZC; Xia, H; Zhao, L, 2013)		2.2
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker and partial agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). "( Protective effect of telmisartan against oxidative damage induced by high glucose in neuronal PC12 cell.
Eslami, H; Rahati, M; Rahimi, H; Sharifi, AM, 2014)		2.16
"Telmisartan is a poorly soluble drug used in treatment of hypertension. "( A fluorescence study on the interaction of telmisartan in triblock polymers pluronic P123 and F127.
Mishra, AK; Mohanty, ME; Rao, VJ, 2014)		2.11
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) used widely as an antihypertensive drug and shows partial PPAR-γ agonist activity."( Telmisartan ameliorates fibrocystic liver disease in an orthologous rat model of human autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.
Abe, T; Aukema, HM; Horie, S; Kugita, M; Nagao, S; Nakanishi, K; Sasaki, M; Yamaguchi, T; Yoshihara, D, 2013)		2.55
"Telmisartan is a partial agonist of PPAR-γ, which additionally blocks AT1R."( Combined blockade of angiotensin II type 1 receptor and activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ by telmisartan effectively inhibits vascularization and growth of murine endometriosis-like lesions.
Gu, Y; Körbel, C; Laschke, MW; Menger, MD; Nenicu, A, 2014)		1.33
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker with high lipid solubility, also called metabosartan, which exerts a special protective effect on both acute brain damage and chronic neurodegeneration. "( Telmisartan reduces progressive oxidative stress and phosphorylated α-synuclein accumulation in stroke-resistant spontaneously hypertensive rats after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion.
Abe, K; Deguchi, K; Fukui, Y; Hishikawa, N; Kurata, T; Lukic, V; Sato, K; Yamashita, T, 2014)		3.29
"Telmisartan (TLM) is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist with marked anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions that mediated its cardio-, reno- and hepatoprotective actions."( Telmisartan attenuates colon inflammation, oxidative perturbations and apoptosis in a rat model of experimental inflammatory bowel disease.
Abdallah, DM; Al-Shorbagy, MY; Arab, HH; Nassar, NN, 2014)		2.57
"Telmisartan is a unique angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker with a partial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonistic property to exert not only antihypertensive effect but also antimetabolic syndrome effect."( Strong reduction of low-density lipoprotein receptor/apolipoprotein E expressions by telmisartan in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of stroke resistant spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Abe, K; Deguchi, K; Fukui, Y; Hishikawa, N; Kono, S; Kurata, T; Liu, W; Omote, Y; Sato, K; Yamashita, T; Zhai, Y, 2014)		2.07
"Telmisartan is a highly lipid-soluble angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), which improves insulin sensitivity and reduces triglyceride levels and, thus, is called metabo-sartan. "( Neurovascular protection by telmisartan via reducing neuroinflammation in stroke-resistant spontaneously hypertensive rat brain after ischemic stroke.
Abe, K; Deguchi, K; Hishikawa, N; Kono, S; Kurata, T; Omote, Y; Sato, K; Yamashita, T, 2015)		2.15
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker and a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-receptor-γ agonist which has beneficial effects on fat distribution and pro-inflammatory adipokine expression."( Telmisartan attenuates the inflamed mesenteric adipose tissue in spontaneous colitis by mechanisms involving regulation of neurotensin/microRNA-155 pathway.
Gong, J; Gu, L; Guo, Z; Li, J; Li, N; Li, Y; Zhang, W; Zhu, W; Zuo, L, 2015)		2.58
"Telmisartan is a unique angiotensin II type I receptor blocker that has been shown to prevent cardiovascular events in high risk patients."( Telmisartan enhances mitochondrial activity and alters cellular functions in human coronary artery endothelial cells via AMP-activated protein kinase pathway.
Akiyama, E; Fujisue, K; Izumiya, Y; Kim-Mitsuyama, S; Konishi, M; Kurokawa, H; Maeda, H; Matsubara, J; Nozaki, T; Ogawa, H; Ohba, K; Sugamura, K; Sugiyama, S; Sumida, H; Toyama, K; Yasuda, O, 2015)		2.58
"Telmisartan is an antihypertensive angiotensin II receptor blocker. "( Telmisartan decreases inflammation by modulating TNF-α, IL-10, and RANK/RANKL in a rat model of ulcerative colitis.
Araújo Júnior, RF; Araújo, AA; Fernandes, D; Guerra, GC; Lira, GA; Melo, MN; Silva, AL; Souto, KK, 2015)		3.3
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin-II receptor antagonist (ARB) used in the treatment of hypertension. "( Telmisartan.
Abd-Elgalil, AA; Bakheit, AH; Haque, A; Mustafa, B; Wani, TA, 2015)		3.3
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker that displays unique PPAR-γ modulating activity. "( Telmisartan reduces atrial arrhythmia susceptibility through the regulation of RAS-ERK and PI3K-Akt-eNOS pathways in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Chen, JH; Chen, LL; Chen, XH; Fu, FY; Tang, MR; Wang, WW; Zhang, FL, 2015)		3.3
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist that improves endothelial function and cardiovascular mortality in HIV-uninfected populations."( Telmisartan to reduce cardiovascular risk in older HIV-infected adults: a pilot study.
Currier, JS; Hodis, HN; Kelesidis, T; Lake, JE; Liao, DH; Seang, S; Stein, JH, 2015)		2.58
"Telmisartan is a commonly used clinical angiotensin receptor blocker, which has antihypertensive, anti‑inflammatory and antithrombotic effects."( Telmisartan prevents proliferation and promotes apoptosis of human ovarian cancer cells through upregulating PPARγ and downregulating MMP‑9 expression.
Kong, F; Pu, Z; Zhu, M, 2016)		2.6
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker and PPAR-γ agonist with potential anti-inflammatory and metabolic benefits."( Urine Eicosanoids in the Metabolic Abnormalities, Telmisartan, and HIV Infection (MATH) Trial.
Hulgan, T; Lake, JE; Le, CN; Milne, GL; Tseng, CH, 2017)		1.43
"Telmisartan is a unique angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) and partial agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma. "( Telmisartan prevented cognitive decline partly due to PPAR-gamma activation.
Fujita, T; Horiuchi, M; Iwai, M; Iwanami, J; Li, JM; Min, LJ; Mogi, M; Sakata, A; Tsukuda, K, 2008)		3.23
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and also an activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma). "( Telmisartan decreases plasma levels of asymmetrical dimethyl-L-arginine and improves lipid and glucose metabolism and vascular function.
Bando, S; Ito, S; Nakaya, Y; Ono, Y; Sata, M; Soeki, T, 2009)		3.24
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker with established beneficial effects on cardiac structure and function in animal models. "( Beneficial effects of telmisartan on left ventricular structure and function in patients with hypertension determined by two-dimensional strain imaging.
Iuchi, A; Miyoshi, H; Mizuguchi, Y; Nagase, N; Oishi, Y; Oki, T, 2009)		2.11
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin-receptor blocker with PPARgamma-agonistic properties."( Synergistic effects of telmisartan and simvastatin on endothelial progenitor cells.
Brouwers, C; Nickenig, G; Steinmetz, M; Wassmann, S, 2010)		1.39
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin-II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker, currently used to treat patients with hypertension. "( Telmisartan inhibits cytokine-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activation independently of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma.
Aoki, C; Hattori, Y; Jojima, T; Kasai, K; Nakano, A, 2009)		3.24
"Telmisartan is a unique angiotensin II receptor blocker with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma)-stimulating activity."( Cognitive deficit in amyloid-beta-injected mice was improved by pretreatment with a low dose of telmisartan partly because of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation.
Horiuchi, M; Iwai, M; Iwanami, J; Jing, F; Min, LJ; Mogi, M; Sakata, A; Tsukuda, K, 2009)		1.29
"Telmisartan is a unique angiotensin II receptor blocker with an additional peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) activity. "( Myocardial salvaging effect of telmisartan in experimental model of myocardial infarction.
Arora, S; Arya, DS; Goyal, S; Joshi, S; Kumari, S; Mittal, R; Nag, TC; Ray, R, 2009)		2.08
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonistic properties. "( Neuroendocrine characterization and anorexigenic effects of telmisartan in diet- and glitazone-induced weight gain.
Aubert, G; Burnier, M; Dulloo, A; Mazzolai, L; Perregaux, C; Pralong, F; Zanchi, A, 2010)		2.05
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin II T1 receptor blocker (ARB) with partial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonistic properties; two actions that are suggested to be efficacious for protecting against gastric ulcers. "( Gastroprotective effects of telmisartan on experimentally-induced gastric ulcers in rats.
Amin, E; Ashour, O; Morsy, M; Rofaeil, R, 2009)		2.09
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) displaying unique pharmacologic properties, including a longer half life than any other ARB, that result in large and sustained reductions of blood pressure."( New standards in hypertension and cardiovascular risk management: focus on telmisartan.
Capogrosso, C; Di Michele, S; Galzerano, A; Galzerano, D; Gaudio, C; Lama, D; Paparello, P, 2010)		1.31
"Telmisartan is a unique AT1 receptor blocker with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonistic action. "( Low dose of telmisartan prevents ischemic brain damage with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation in diabetic mice.
Horiuchi, M; Iwai, M; Iwanami, J; Jing, F; Min, LJ; Mogi, M; Sakata, A; Tsukuda, K, 2010)		2.18
"Telmisartan is a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of hypertension. "( Telmisartan: a review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties.
Benndorf, RA; Böger, RH; Deppe, S; Weiss, J, 2010)		3.25
"Telmisartan/amlodipine is a single-pill combination of telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, and amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist, which is taken orally once daily for the treatment of hypertension. "( Telmisartan/amlodipine: single-pill combination in hypertension.
Moen, MD, 2010)		3.25
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker (ARB), which also partially activates liganding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. "( Telmisartan lowers home blood pressure and improves insulin resistance without correlation between their changes.
Ikeda, N; Kanno, Y; Kobayashi, K; Ohno, Y; Okada, H; Suzuki, H; Takenaka, T, 2011)		3.25
"Telmisartan is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activator with potent anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects. "( Telmisartan reduces neointima volume and pulse wave velocity 8 months after zotarolimus-eluting stent implantation in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients.
Ahn, CM; Choi, SC; Hong, SJ; Kim, JS; Lim, DS; Park, JH, 2011)		3.25
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) originally developed for the treatment of hypertension. "( Systematic review of the effect of telmisartan on insulin sensitivity in hypertensive patients with insulin resistance or diabetes.
Poolsup, N; Prasit, T; Suksomboon, N, 2012)		2.1
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) with unique pharmacologic properties, including the longest half-life among all ARBs; this leads to a significant and 24-h sustained reduction of blood pressure."( Telmisartan: just an antihypertensive agent? A literature review.
Cagnoni, F; Cavalleri, C; Destro, M; Dognini, GP; Galimberti, V; Galli, E; Taietti, C, 2011)		2.53
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker, which acts as a partial agonist of peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). "( Different roles of PPAR-γ activity on physiological and pathological alteration after myocardial ischemia.
Hirata, Y; Hishikari, K; Isobe, M; Masumura, M; Nagai, R; Nagashima, A; Ogawa, M; Shimizu, T; Suzuki, J; Takayama, K; Watanabe, R, 2012)		1.82
"The telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) with a few own characteristics that it allows us to obtain a few additional benefits. "( [Telmisartan effect's on remodelling bone markers in hypertensive patients].
Conde, R; De Luis, D; Dueñas-Laita, A; González-Sagrado, M; Inglada, L; Olmos Martínez, JM; Pérez-Castrillón, JL; Pinacho, F, )		1.6
"Telmisartan is a widely used, long-acting antihypertensive agent. "( Brain penetration of telmisartan, a unique centrally acting angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, studied by PET in conscious rhesus macaques.
Fushiki, H; Kakuta, H; Miyoshi, S; Murakami, Y; Nishimura, S; Noda, A; Sasaki, H, 2012)		2.14
"Telmisartan is a member of angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor blocker (ARB) family."( Telmisartan counteracts TGF-β1 induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via PPAR-γ in human proximal tubule epithelial cells.
Chen, L; Chen, Y; Liang, W; Luo, Q; Xiong, Z, 2012)		2.54
"Telmisartan is an orally active nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist used in the management of hypertension. "( Nanocrystallization by evaporative antisolvent technique for solubility and bioavailability enhancement of telmisartan.
Bajaj, A; Pardeshi, A; Rao, MR; Sali, D, 2012)		2.03
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker and partial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist that modulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. "( The angiotensin receptor blocker and PPAR-γ agonist, telmisartan, delays inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channel in rat heart: novel mechanism of drug action.
Han, J; Kim, HK; Kim, N; Ko, KS; Ko, TH; Lee, SR; Lee, SY; Lim, SE; Long, le T; Nilius, B; Noh, JH; Rhee, BD; Won, du N; Youm, JB, 2012)		2.07
"Telmisartan is a well-established angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker that improves insulin sensitivity in animal models of obesity and insulin resistance, as well as in humans. "( Telmisartan ameliorates insulin sensitivity by activating the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway in skeletal muscle of obese db/db mice.
Fukuda, D; Hirata, Y; Kurobe, H; Maeda, N; Masuzaki, H; Sakaue, H; Sata, M; Sato, H; Shimabukuro, M; Shimomura, I; Shiota, A; Soeki, T; Uematsu, E, 2012)		3.26
"Telmisartan is a biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II drug that has extremely low water solubility but is freely soluble in highly alkalized solutions. "( Solubilization of the poorly water soluble drug, telmisartan, using supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) process.
Ahn, J; Cha, KH; Cho, W; Han, K; Hwang, SJ; Park, J, 2013)		2.09
"Telmisartan is a type 1 angiotensin II (AT(1)) receptor blocker, effective and safe in the treatment of arterial hypertension. "( Effect of telmisartan on the proteinuria and circadian blood pressure profile in chronic renal patients.
Barsotti, G; Cupisti, A; D'Alessandro, C; Morelli, E; Rizza, GM, )		1.98
"Telmisartan is a powerful and selective ARB that provides sustained blood pressure reduction for a full 24 h after a single dose and continues to protect against circadian blood pressure surges in the critical early morning hours."( The telmisartan programme of research tO show Telmisartan End-organ proteCTION (PROTECTION) programme.
Weber, M, 2003)		1.6
"Telmisartan is a highly selective blocker of angiotensin II AT1 receptors ("sartans"); it is at least as effective as the classical antihypertensive agents; thanks to its half-life, the longest of all sartans', it provides adequate antihypertensive coverage throughout the whole 24-hour postdose interval and particularly over the last 6 hours of the dosage interval."( [Kinzalkomb, a fixed telmisartan-hydrochlorothiazide combination for the treatment of hypertension].
Kulbertus, H, 2003)		1.36
"Telmisartan (Micardis) is a potent, long-lasting, nonpeptide angiotensin II type-1 (AT(1)) receptor blocker (ARB) that is indicated for the treatment of essential hypertension. "( [Pharmacological and clinical profile of telmisartan, a selective angiotensin II type-1 receptor blocker].
Chachin, M; Hayashi, N; Nishimura, Y; Ohmura, T; Satoh, H, 2004)		2.03
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin-II receptor blocker that has demonstrated efficacy in the reduction of blood pressure in patients with hypertension. "( Telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy in the treatment of essential hypertension.
Schmieder, RE, 2004)		3.21
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin Type 1 (AT(1))-receptor antagonist being used in the treatment of hypertension."( Telmisartan - killing two birds with one stone.
Doggrell, SA, 2004)		2.49
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker with demonstrated beneficial effects on cardiac and vascular structure and function in animal models."( Ventricular and vascular remodelling effects of the angiotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan and/or the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril in hypertensive patients.
Babic, R; Dragicevic, J; Petrovic, D; Petrovic, I; Vasiljevic, Z; Vukovic, N; Zivanovic, B, 2005)		1.27
"Telmisartan is a partial agonist of PPAR-gamma and has a superior tolerability profile without causing the fluid retention and edema associated with full agonists of PPAR-gamma such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone."( New treatment strategies for patients with hypertension and insulin resistance.
Kurtz, TW, 2006)		1.06
"Telmisartan is an ANG II type 1 receptor antagonist with partial PPAR-gamma agonistic properties."( Telmisartan prevents the glitazone-induced weight gain without interfering with its insulin-sensitizing properties.
Burnier, M; Dulloo, AG; Montani, JP; Perregaux, C; Zanchi, A, 2007)		2.5
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker which has been reported to act as a ligand for PPARgamma."( Telmisartan enhances cholesterol efflux from THP-1 macrophages by activating PPARgamma.
Ayaori, M; Hisada, T; Iwamoto, N; Kusuhara, M; Nakamura, H; Nakaya, K; Ogura, M; Ohsuzu, F; Sawada, S; Tanaka, N; Yakushiji, E, 2007)		2.5
"Telmisartan is an ARB with potent blood-pressure lowering effects."( A perspective on telmisartan and cardiovascular risk.
Giles, TD, 2007)		1.4
"Telmisartan (Tel) is an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, could function as a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activator."( Telmisartan prevents hepatic fibrosis and enzyme-altered lesions in liver cirrhosis rat induced by a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined diet.
Jin, H; Sakaida, I; Terai, S; Uchida, K; Yamamoto, N, 2007)		2.5
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma-activating properties."( Telmisartan inhibits CD4-positive lymphocyte migration independent of the angiotensin type 1 receptor via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma.
Clemenz, M; Hartge, M; Heinz, P; Hess, K; Hombach, V; Kintscher, U; Marx, N; Petscher, K; Raps, K; Vasic, D; Walcher, D, 2008)		2.51
"Telmisartan is a unique ARB since it has a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma activating effect which is known to reduce neointimal tissue proliferation after coronary stenting."( Impact of telmisartan on coronary stenting in patients with acute myocardial infarction compared with enalapril.
Abe, N; Fujiwara, T; Hanada, H; Higuma, T; Kimura, M; Oikawa, K; Okumura, K; Osanai, T; Sasaki, S; Tomita, H; Yokota, T; Yokoyama, H; Yokoyama, J, 2009)		1.48
"Telmisartan is a unique angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor blocker (ARB) with selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma). "( Effects of telmisartan, a unique angiotensin receptor blocker with selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-modulating activity, on nitric oxide bioavailability and atherosclerotic change.
Akasaka, T; Goto, M; Ikejima, H; Imanishi, T; Kobayashi, K; Kuroi, A; Mochizuki, S; Muragaki, Y; Shiomi, M; Tsujioka, H; Yoshida, K, 2008)		2.18
"Telmisartan is an orally active angiotensin II receptor antagonist prescribed once daily."( Telmisartan in the treatment of hypertension.
Hendra, TJ; Rosario, BH, 2008)		3.23
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker and selective modulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma reported to increase energy expenditure and improve glucose and lipid metabolism compared with other angiotensin II receptor blockers. "( Telmisartan increases fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma dependent pathway.
Hyakukoku, M; Kazdová, L; Kren, V; Kurtz, TW; Pravenec, M; Qi, NR; Simáková, M; Sugimoto, K; Zídek, V, 2008)		3.23
"Telmisartan is a new non peptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist which selectively and insurmountably inhibits the angiotensin II AT1 receptor subtype without affecting other receptor systems involved in cardiovascular regulation. "( [Pharma-clinics. Medication of the month. Telmisartan (Micardis)].
Kulbertus, H, 2000)		2.01
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist that is highly selective for type 1 angiotensin II receptors. "( Telmisartan: a review of its use in hypertension.
Goa, KL; Jarvis, B; Sharpe, M, 2001)		3.2
"Telmisartan is an effective antihypertensive agent with a tolerability profile similar to that of placebo. "( Telmisartan: a review of its use in hypertension.
Goa, KL; Jarvis, B; Sharpe, M, 2001)		3.2
"Telmisartan is a new angiotensin receptor antagonist possessing potent, selective, and insurmountable inhibitory activity specific to the angiotensin II type 1 (AT 1 ) receptor. "( Inhibitory effect of telmisartan on the blood pressure response to angiotensin II challenge.
de Bruin, H; Jonkman, JH; Meinicke, T; Stangier, J; Su, CA; Tamminga, WJ; van Heiningen, PN; van Lier, JJ, 2001)		2.07

Effects

Telmisartan has a potential neuro-protective effect on peripheral DN. This is mediated through its anti-inflammatory effects and its dual properties as an angiotensin receptor blocker and a partial peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-gamma ligand. It has a favourable safety and tolerability profile, and has demonstrated efficacious and long-lasting 24-hour BP reductions.

Telmisartan has the potential to reduce seizure frequency when administered as an add-on antiepileptic drug in dogs with refractory idiopathic epilepsy. The drug has beneficial metabolic effects in adipocytes in vitro, but its potential to reduction antiretroviral-induced cardiometabolic disease in HIV- infected individuals needs to be evaluated in a well-designed adequately powered clinical trial.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Telmisartan has a potential neuro-protective effect on peripheral DN; this is mediated through its anti-inflammatory effects and its dual properties as an angiotensin receptor blocker, and a partial peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-gamma ligand."( Telmisartan inhibits hyperalgesia and inflammatory progression in a diabetic neuropathic pain model of Wistar rats.
Abuohashish, HM; Ahmed, MM; Al-Rejaie, SS; Aleisa, AM; AlSharari, SD; Arrejaie, AS, 2015)		3.3
"Telmisartan has a unique profile among ARBs, with a high affinity for the angiotensin II type 1 receptor, a long duration of receptor binding, a high lipophilicity and a long plasma half life."( Telmisartan: a different angiotensin II receptor blocker protecting a different population?
Burnier, M, )		2.3
"Telmisartan has a unique binding mode to the AT1 receptor due to its distal benzimidazole portion."( Unique "delta lock" structure of telmisartan is involved in its strongest binding affinity to angiotensin II type 1 receptor.
Amano, Y; Higaki, J; Horiuchi, M; Kakuta, H; Kim-Mitsuyama, S; Komuro, I; Miyata, K; Mori, Y; Morishita, R; Niimi, T; Ohno, K; Orita, M; Sakashita, H; Takakura, S; Takeuchi, M; Yamagishi, S, 2011)		1.37
"Telmisartan has a favourable safety and tolerability profile, and has demonstrated efficacious and long-lasting 24-hour BP reductions, whether as monotherapy or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide or amlodipine. "( Telmisartan for the management of patients at high cardiovascular risk.
Ruilope, LM, 2011)		3.25
"Telmisartan has a number of pharmacological properties that distinguish it from other angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) - the longest plasma half-life, highest lipophilicity and strongest receptor binding affinity in class."( Telmisartan for the reduction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Angeli, F; Gentile, G; Mazzotta, G; Reboldi, G; Verdecchia, P, 2011)		2.53
"Telmisartan has a neutral effect to level of the bone markers of bone remodelling."( [Telmisartan effect's on remodelling bone markers in hypertensive patients].
Conde, R; De Luis, D; Dueñas-Laita, A; González-Sagrado, M; Inglada, L; Olmos Martínez, JM; Pérez-Castrillón, JL; Pinacho, F, )		2.48
"Telmisartan has a longer terminal elimination half-life (about 24 h) than the other ARBs."( [Pharmacological and clinical profile of telmisartan, a selective angiotensin II type-1 receptor blocker].
Chachin, M; Hayashi, N; Nishimura, Y; Ohmura, T; Satoh, H, 2004)		1.31
"Telmisartan has a greater impact on these parameters than ramipril and amlodipine."( Effects of circadian rhythms, posture, and medication on renin-aldosterone interrelations in essential hypertensives.
de Champlain, J; Karas, M; Lacourcière, Y; Lamarre-Cliche, M; Larochelle, P; Poirier, L, 2005)		1.05
"Telmisartan has a number of features that may make it particularly suitable for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy."( Preventing renal complications in diabetic patients: the Diabetics Exposed to Telmisartan And enalaprIL (DETAIL) study.
Barnett, AH, 2005)		1.28
"Telmisartan has a much greater lowering effect on PWD and Pmaximum values than ramipril. "( The comparative effects of telmisartan and ramipril on P-wave dispersion in hypertensive patients: a randomized clinical study.
Amasyali, B; Celik, T; Demirkol, S; Isik, E; Iyisoy, A; Kilic, S; Kose, S; Kursaklioglu, H; Yilmaz, MI, 2005)		2.07
"Telmisartan has a molecular structure that imparts partial agonist properties with the PPAR-g molecule, which results in reductions in glucose and lipid metabolism."( Angiotensin-receptor blocking agents and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma system.
Tuck, ML, 2005)		1.05
"Telmisartan has a specific ability to partially activate receptors stimulating proliferation of peroxisomes and improve regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, to reduce body mass."( [The role of telmisartan in the treatment of metabolic syndrome].
Chazova, IE; Duishvili, DE; Mamyrbaeva, KM; Masenko, VP; Mychka, VB, 2006)		2.15
"Telmisartan has an extremely long half life of 20 to 30 hours and its efficacy is maintained throughout the 24 hour period after one single daily intake."( [Pharma-clinics. Medication of the month. Telmisartan (Micardis)].
Kulbertus, H, 2000)		1.29
"Telmisartan (TM) has been proposed to relieve inflammatory responses by modulating peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-γ (PPARγ) signaling. "( Telmisartan Attenuates Kanamycin-Induced Ototoxicity in Rats.
Kim, SY; Lee, CH; Lee, SM, 2021)		3.51
"Telmisartan(TEL) has demonstrated anti-fibrotic and blood pressure lowering effect in various diseases. "( Telmisartan relieves liver fibrosis and portal hypertension by improving vascular remodeling and sinusoidal dysfunction.
Bao, Y; Huo, H; Li, H; Lin, J; Lou, X; Luo, M; Qi, X; Wu, G; Zhao, Z; Zheng, L, 2022)		3.61
"Telmisartan has the potential to reduce seizure frequency when administered as an add-on antiepileptic drug in dogs with refractory idiopathic epilepsy. "( Telmisartan as an add-on treatment for dogs with refractory idiopathic epilepsy: a nonrandomized, uncontrolled, open-label clinical trial.
Chai, O; Friedman, A; Gibeon, L; Hanael, E; Konstanitin, L; Rapaport, K; Ruggeri, M; Shamir, MH, 2022)		3.61
"Telmisartan (TEL) has been reported to treat inflammatory-related diseases."( Telmisartan ameliorates LPS-induced pneumonia in rats through regulation of the PPARγ/NF-κB pathway.
A Zezi, MY; Li, D; Wang, J; Zhou, X, 2022)		2.89
"Telmisartan has beneficial metabolic effects in adipocytes in vitro, but its potential to reduce antiretroviral-induced cardiometabolic disease in HIV-infected individuals needs to be evaluated in a well-designed adequately powered clinical trial."( Telmisartan reverses antiretroviral-induced adipocyte toxicity and insulin resistance in vitro.
Adaikalakoteswari, A; Back, DJ; Kumar, S; McTernan, P; Owen, A; Pirmohamed, M; Pushpakom, SP; Tripathi, G, 2018)		3.37
"Telmisartan has been proposed to be a promising cardiometabolic sartan due to its unique peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-inducing property. "( Telmisartan as a metabolic sartan: the first meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in metabolic syndrome.
Goto, SN; Mizuno, Y; Niwa, M; Takagi, H; Umemoto, T, )		3.02
"Telmisartan has unique pleiotropic effects in addition to renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-inhibition effects. "( Effects of telmisartan on inflammatory cytokines and coronary plaque component as assessed on integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasound in hypertensive patients.
Ise, T; Iwase, T; Kusunose, K; Niki, T; Oeduka, H; Sata, M; Soeki, T; Taketani, Y; Wakatsuki, T; Yamada, H; Yamaguchi, K, 2014)		2.23
"Telmisartan has beneficial effects in endothelial function in PAH patients; however, the underlying mechanisms for these effects remain unknown."( Telmisartan attenuates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary artery endothelial dysfunction through a PPAR gamma-dependent PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway.
Cai, WW; Li, H; Liu, BC; Lu, W; Sun, W; Wang, DL; Wang, PJ; Yu, CP; Zhang, N, 2014)		2.57
"Telmisartan has previously been used to target obesity, showing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ-related effects in white adipose tissue (WAT). "( Enhanced pan-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gene and protein expression in adipose tissue of diet-induced obese mice treated with telmisartan.
Graus-Nunes, F; Mandarim-de-Lacerda, CA; Penna-de-Carvalho, A; Rabelo-Andrade, J; Souza-Mello, V, 2014)		2.05
"Telmisartan has a potential neuro-protective effect on peripheral DN; this is mediated through its anti-inflammatory effects and its dual properties as an angiotensin receptor blocker, and a partial peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-gamma ligand."( Telmisartan inhibits hyperalgesia and inflammatory progression in a diabetic neuropathic pain model of Wistar rats.
Abuohashish, HM; Ahmed, MM; Al-Rejaie, SS; Aleisa, AM; AlSharari, SD; Arrejaie, AS, 2015)		3.3
"Telmisartan, an ARB, has recently been identified as a ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma)."( Telmisartan induces proliferation of human endothelial progenitor cells via PPARgamma-dependent PI3K/Akt pathway.
Fukushima, N; Hagiwara, N; Honda, A; Kasanuki, H; Matsuura, K; Tsurumi, Y, 2009)		2.52
"Telmisartan has a unique profile among ARBs, with a high affinity for the angiotensin II type 1 receptor, a long duration of receptor binding, a high lipophilicity and a long plasma half life."( Telmisartan: a different angiotensin II receptor blocker protecting a different population?
Burnier, M, )		2.3
"Telmisartan has cardioreparative effects, including attenuation of subendocardial myocardial fibrosis and improvement of LV remodelling."( Possible mechanisms of left ventricular torsion evaluated by cardioreparative effects of telmisartan in patients with hypertension.
Ara, N; Iuchi, A; Miyoshi, H; Mizuguchi, Y; Nagase, N; Oishi, Y; Oki, T, 2010)		1.3
"Telmisartan, which has the unique character of having both ARB and PPARgamma agonistic effect, will be useful for preventing memory impairment after cerebrovascular disease."( Telmisartan, a partial agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, improves impairment of spatial memory and hippocampal apoptosis in rats treated with repeated cerebral ischemia.
Fujiwara, M; Haraguchi, T; Iwasaki, K; Katsurabayashi, S; Kubota, K; Mishima, K; Naito, T; Nishimura, R; Nogami, A; Shindo, T; Takasaki, K; Uchida, K; Uchida, N, 2010)		2.52
"Telmisartan has a unique binding mode to the AT1 receptor due to its distal benzimidazole portion."( Unique "delta lock" structure of telmisartan is involved in its strongest binding affinity to angiotensin II type 1 receptor.
Amano, Y; Higaki, J; Horiuchi, M; Kakuta, H; Kim-Mitsuyama, S; Komuro, I; Miyata, K; Mori, Y; Morishita, R; Niimi, T; Ohno, K; Orita, M; Sakashita, H; Takakura, S; Takeuchi, M; Yamagishi, S, 2011)		1.37
"Telmisartan has a favourable safety and tolerability profile, and has demonstrated efficacious and long-lasting 24-hour BP reductions, whether as monotherapy or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide or amlodipine. "( Telmisartan for the management of patients at high cardiovascular risk.
Ruilope, LM, 2011)		3.25
"Telmisartan has well-known antihypertensive properties, but there is also strong clinical evidence that it reduces left ventricular hypertrophy, arterial stiffness and the recurrence of atrial fibrillation, and confers renoprotection."( Telmisartan: just an antihypertensive agent? A literature review.
Cagnoni, F; Cavalleri, C; Destro, M; Dognini, GP; Galimberti, V; Galli, E; Taietti, C, 2011)		2.53
"Telmisartan has a number of pharmacological properties that distinguish it from other angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) - the longest plasma half-life, highest lipophilicity and strongest receptor binding affinity in class."( Telmisartan for the reduction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Angeli, F; Gentile, G; Mazzotta, G; Reboldi, G; Verdecchia, P, 2011)		2.53
"Telmisartan, which has unique peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma-mediated effects in addition to its renin-angiotensin system-inhibition effects, has favorable effects on endothelial function."( Protective effect of telmisartan against endothelial dysfunction after coronary drug-eluting stent implantation in hypertensive patients.
Ehara, M; Habara, M; Ito, T; Kaneda, H; Kimura, M; Kinoshita, Y; Matsuo, H; Nasu, K; Rathore, S; Suzuki, T; Suzuki, Y; Tanaka, N; Terashima, M, 2012)		1.42
"Telmisartan has a neutral effect to level of the bone markers of bone remodelling."( [Telmisartan effect's on remodelling bone markers in hypertensive patients].
Conde, R; De Luis, D; Dueñas-Laita, A; González-Sagrado, M; Inglada, L; Olmos Martínez, JM; Pérez-Castrillón, JL; Pinacho, F, )		2.48
"Telmisartan has been reported to have beneficial effects on insulin resistance and lipid profiles by acting as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist. "( Relationship between telmisartan dose and glycaemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension: a retrospective study.
Fujimoto, K; Hamamoto, Y; Honjo, S; Ikeda, H; Iwasaki, Y; Kawasaki, Y; Koshiyama, H; Mori, K; Nomura, K; Tatsuoka, H; Wada, Y, 2012)		2.14
"Telmisartan has been reported to function as a partial agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, which is also targeted by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase (SIRT1)."( Telmisartan ameliorates insulin sensitivity by activating the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway in skeletal muscle of obese db/db mice.
Fukuda, D; Hirata, Y; Kurobe, H; Maeda, N; Masuzaki, H; Sakaue, H; Sata, M; Sato, H; Shimabukuro, M; Shimomura, I; Shiota, A; Soeki, T; Uematsu, E, 2012)		2.54
"Telmisartan has a longer terminal elimination half-life (about 24 h) than the other ARBs."( [Pharmacological and clinical profile of telmisartan, a selective angiotensin II type-1 receptor blocker].
Chachin, M; Hayashi, N; Nishimura, Y; Ohmura, T; Satoh, H, 2004)		1.31
"Telmisartan/HCTZ has been studied in a number of clinical trials in essential hypertension, for the most part using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring."( Telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy in the treatment of essential hypertension.
Schmieder, RE, 2004)		2.49
"Telmisartan has a greater impact on these parameters than ramipril and amlodipine."( Effects of circadian rhythms, posture, and medication on renin-aldosterone interrelations in essential hypertensives.
de Champlain, J; Karas, M; Lacourcière, Y; Lamarre-Cliche, M; Larochelle, P; Poirier, L, 2005)		1.05
"Telmisartan has a number of features that may make it particularly suitable for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy."( Preventing renal complications in diabetic patients: the Diabetics Exposed to Telmisartan And enalaprIL (DETAIL) study.
Barnett, AH, 2005)		1.28
"Telmisartan has a much greater lowering effect on PWD and Pmaximum values than ramipril. "( The comparative effects of telmisartan and ramipril on P-wave dispersion in hypertensive patients: a randomized clinical study.
Amasyali, B; Celik, T; Demirkol, S; Isik, E; Iyisoy, A; Kilic, S; Kose, S; Kursaklioglu, H; Yilmaz, MI, 2005)		2.07
"Telmisartan has a molecular structure that imparts partial agonist properties with the PPAR-g molecule, which results in reductions in glucose and lipid metabolism."( Angiotensin-receptor blocking agents and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma system.
Tuck, ML, 2005)		1.05
"Telmisartan has a specific ability to partially activate receptors stimulating proliferation of peroxisomes and improve regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, to reduce body mass."( [The role of telmisartan in the treatment of metabolic syndrome].
Chazova, IE; Duishvili, DE; Mamyrbaeva, KM; Masenko, VP; Mychka, VB, 2006)		2.15
"Telmisartan has been reported to have an effect on the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, a well-known target for insulin-sensitizing antidiabetic drugs."( Comparative effects of telmisartan and valsartan on insulin resistance in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome.
Ichikawa, Y, 2007)		1.37
"Telmisartan has direct cardiovascular end-organ protection that goes beyond blood pressure control. "( Telmisartan as a metabolic sartan for targeting vascular failure.
Inoue, T; Node, K, 2008)		3.23
"Telmisartan has an extremely long half life of 20 to 30 hours and its efficacy is maintained throughout the 24 hour period after one single daily intake."( [Pharma-clinics. Medication of the month. Telmisartan (Micardis)].
Kulbertus, H, 2000)		1.29
"Telmisartan also has excellent tolerability and in clinical trials demonstrates no increase, irrespective of dose level, over placebo in the incidence of adverse events."( Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to assess the comparative efficacy and duration of action of a novel new angiotensin II receptor blocker--telmisartan.
Neutel, JM, 2001)		1.23

Actions

Telmisartan can inhibit the activation of MMP-9 in the macrophages by suppressing the COX2/mPEG1 pathway. It could downregulate the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, and alleviate cell apoptosis in NRK-52E cells. TelmisartAn could enhance the expression of the makers of mature EC, including VE-cadherin, vWF, and eNOS.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Telmisartan can inhibit the activation of MMP-9 in the macrophages by suppressing the COX2/mPEG1 pathway."( Telmisartan inhibits Ang II-induced MMP-9 expression in macrophages in stabilizing atheromatous plaque.
Li, J; Li, YP; Shen, ZJ; Xia, P; Xu, CS; Xu, JJ, 2018)		3.37
"Telmisartan could inhibit HG-induced AT1R-AdipoR1 dimerization, downregulate the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, and alleviate cell apoptosis in NRK-52E cells."( Telmisartan attenuates diabetic nephropathy progression by inhibiting the dimerization of angiotensin type-1 receptor and adiponectin receptor-1.
Bao, L; Gao, P; Wu, X; Yao, T; Zha, D, 2019)		2.68
"Telmisartan can suppress the production of extracellular matrix proteins and the expression of metadhein to attenuate UUO-induced renal fibrosis in mice."( [Effect of telmisartan on expression of metadherin in the kidney of mice with unilateral ureter obstruction].
Chen, Y; Li, H; Long, H; Luo, C; Peng, F; Wang, Y; Xu, Z; Yin, B, 2019)		2.35
"Telmisartan could enhance the expression of the makers of mature EC, including VE-cadherin, vWF, and eNOS, which indicated telmisartan could stimulate EPC to differentiate into mature EC."( Telmisartan promotes proliferation and differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells via activation of Akt.
Cao, Z; Chen, P; Hua, X; Wang, J; Wu, R; Yang, Y; Zhan, Z; Zhou, M, 2014)		2.57
"The telmisartan-associated increase in PRA was blunted by approximately 50% during salt supplementation compared with placebo; median PRA was 2.3 μg/l/h with placebo compared with 1.7 μg/l/h with salt (P<0.001)."( Short-term dietary salt supplementation blunts telmisartan induced increases in plasma renin activity in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Baqar, S; Chen, AX; Ekinci, EI; Jerums, G; Lambert, E; MacIsaac, RJ; O'Callaghan, C; Somarajah, G; Thomas, G, 2015)		1.15
"The telmisartan-induced increase in adiponectin was most probably associated with a decrease in glucose and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels."( Telmisartan ameliorates hyperglycemia and metabolic profile in nonobese Cohen-Rosenthal diabetic hypertensive rats via peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-gamma activation.
Limor, R; Oron, Y; Rosenthal, T; Stern, N; Younis, F; Zangen, S, 2010)		2.28
"Telmisartan can increase adiponectin production in white adipose tissue partly via a PPAR-γ2-independent mechanism."( Activation of AMPK-Sirt1 pathway by telmisartan in white adipose tissue: A possible link to anti-metabolic effects.
Fukuda, D; Hirata, Y; Kurobe, H; Masuzaki, H; Nakaya, Y; Sakaue, H; Sata, M; Sato, H; Shimabukuro, M; Shiota, A; Soeki, T; Uematsu, E, 2012)		1.38
"Telmisartan inhibited the increase in proteinuria and albuminuria in a dose-dependent manner, and the inhibition for all telmisartan groups was statistically significant by the completion of administration (Experiment A)."( Renoprotective effects of telmisartan on renal injury in obese Zucker rats.
Chachin, M; Hayashi, N; Hayashi, T; Horie, Y; Konomi, A; Matsumaru, T; Ohmura, T; Seidler, R; Sumida, T; Tsunenari, I, 2012)		1.4
"Telmisartan can also inhibit the proliferation of cells that lack angiotensin II receptors and cells treated with a PPAR gamma antagonist suggesting that the antiproliferative effects of telmisartan may involve more than just angiotensin II receptor blockade or activation of PPAR gamma."( Inhibition of cardiovascular cell proliferation by angiotensin receptor blockers: are all molecules the same?
Benson, SC; Ho, CI; Iguchi, R; Kurtz, TW; Yamamoto, K, 2008)		1.07

Treatment

Treatment with telmisartan inhibited excessive iNOS and NO generation and reduced lipid peroxidation and inflammatory responses. Treatment with tel Misartan did not affect postprandial blood glucose but decreased systolic blood pressure.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Telmisartan and MHCD treatment can reduce the 24h urinary protein level and improved blood stasis states of IgAN rats, alleviate the renal pathological injury, decrease the serum levels of IL-6, IL-17A and the expression levels of HSP90, MMP9 and p-NF-κB P65 related proteins in IL-17 signaling pathway."( Effects of modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction on the IL-17 signaling pathway in an IgA nephropathy rat model.
Chang, M; Fan, J; Li, P; Ma, S; Pan, Z; Xue, S; Yang, B; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z; Zhao, M, 2023)		2.35
"Telmisartan treatment promoted and inhibited A2 and A1 conversion, respectively."( Telmisartan inhibits microglia-induced neurotoxic A1 astrocyte conversion via PPARγ-mediated NF-κB/p65 degradation.
Lan, T; Li, XC; Li, ZQ; Quan, W; Tang, F; Wang, MY; Wang, ZF; Xu, CS; Yang, C; Yu, DH, 2023)		3.07
"Telmisartan-treated tumours were more responsive to radiation, indicating that telmisartan reduces a therapeutically important population of transiently hypoxic tumour cells."( Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker telmisartan inhibits the development of transient hypoxia and improves tumour response to radiation.
Benard, F; Bennewith, KL; Cederberg, RA; Colpo, N; Firmino, NS; Franks, SE; Lee, CM; Lin, KS; Pan, J; Wadsworth, BJ, 2020)		1.55
"Telmisartan treatment significantly corrected the alterations of Egr-1 and claudin-5, alleviated the neurological deficits, and reduced brain water content, infarct volume, and Evans blue dye extravasation 24 h after MCAO."( PPARγ Activation-Mediated Egr-1 Inhibition Benefits Against Brain Injury in an Experimental Ischaemic Stroke Model.
Dong, JH; Guo, JH; Li, YY; Liu, YQ; Zhu, CH, 2020)		1.28
"Telmisartan treatment was associated with reduced messenger RNA levels for CCL5 and matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in aneurysmal aortae, with no apparent effect on PPARγ-regulated gene expression."( Inhibition or deletion of angiotensin II type 1 receptor suppresses elastase-induced experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms.
Dalman, RL; Fujimura, N; Michie, SA; Miyata, M; Tanaka, H; Wang, W; Xu, B; Xuan, H, 2018)		1.2
"Telmisartan-treated lesions exhibited a significantly reduced lesion volume when compared with vehicle-treated controls and parecoxib-treated lesions. "( Combination therapy with telmisartan and parecoxib induces regression of endometriotic lesions.
Gu, Y; Körbel, C; Laschke, MW; Menger, MD; Nenicu, A, 2017)		2.2
"Telmisartan treatment allows blood pressure control, provides organ protection at different stages of the cardiovascular continuum, and reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases and death."( [Telmisartan in the treatment of hypertensive patients].
Podzolkov, VI; Tarzimanova, AI, )		1.76
"Telmisartan treatment prevented the diabetes-induced elevation in megalin level, possibly through an oxidative stress-dependent mechanism."( Oxidative stress increases megalin expression in the renal proximal tubules during the normoalbuminuric stage of diabetes mellitus.
Ichikawa, T; Imoto, A; Ishii, N; Katagiri, M; Kawakami, F; Kurosaki, Y; Takenaka, T; Yokoba, M, 2018)		1.2
"The telmisartan treatment (1 mg/kg) significantly improved B-A/B + A in the ORT and improved latency scores in the OFT and SPT."( Effects of stress on behavior and resting-state fMRI in rats and evaluation of Telmisartan therapy in a stress-induced depression model.
Chen, J; Gao, K; Li, J; Li, Y; Nie, B; Wang, T; Wang, W; Xia, K; Yang, R; Zhao, H, 2018)		1.19
"Telmisartan-treated conditioned medium (Tel-CM) of RAW264.7 cells and of bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) induced the expressions of browning markers in fully differentiated white adipocytes with reduced lipid droplets, and increased oxygen consumption rate and mitochondrial biogenesis."( Telmisartan induces browning of fully differentiated white adipocytes via M2 macrophage polarization.
Cheon, HG; Choi, HE; Jeon, EJ; Kim, DY; Lee, NH, 2019)		2.68
"Telmisartan treatment of LPS-activated cells significantly up-regulated arginase 1 (Arg-1) and chitinase-like 3 (Ym-1), which are specific markers of M2 macrophages."( Telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, attenuates Prevotella intermedia lipopolysaccharide-induced production of nitric oxide and interleukin-1β in murine macrophages.
Choe, SH; Choi, EY; Choi, IS; Hyeon, JY; Keum, BR; Kim, SJ, 2019)		2.68
"In telmisartan-treated ECs, phosphorylation and activation of Akt, as well as MDM2, were reduced, leading to accumulation of p53 in the nucleus, where it represses the transcription of cell cycle-promoting genes."( Telmisartan exerts pleiotropic effects in endothelial cells and promotes endothelial cell quiescence and survival.
Sessa, WC; Siragusa, M, 2013)		2.35
"Telmisartan treatment significantly decreased the plaque size (0.05 ± 0.05 vs 0.11 ± 0.08, mm2), macrophage infiltration level (0.02 ± 0.02 vs 0.03 ± 0.02, mm2), lipid deposition level (0.01 ± 0.01 vs 0.02 ± 0.02, mm2), and 99mTc-annexin A5 accumulation level (1.30 ± 1.09 vs 2.15 ± 1.91, × 10-6/g)."( Attenuation of apoptosis by telmisartan in atherosclerotic plaques of apolipoprotein E-/- mice: evaluation using technetium 99m-annexin A5.
Blankenberg, FG; Kuge, Y; Strauss, HW; Tamaki, N; Zhao, S; Zhao, Y, )		1.15
"Telmisartan treatment among patients with low eGFR was not independently associated with recurrent stroke (hazard ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.89-1.31)."( Low glomerular filtration rate, recurrent stroke risk, and effect of renin-angiotensin system modulation.
Bath, PM; Cotton, D; Diener, HC; Ovbiagele, B; Sha, N, 2013)		1.11
"Telmisartan treatment showed significant increase in VEGF-induced angiogenic responsiveness and nitric oxide releasing properties of cECs of all subgroups as compared to their respective non-treated subgroups."( Effect of telmisartan on VEGF-induced and VEGF-independent angiogenic responsiveness of coronary endothelial cells in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
Chaudagar, KK; Mehta, AA, 2014)		1.53
"Telmisartan treatment markedly reduced Aβ₄₂, APP, BACE1, RAGE, and NF-κB p65 of the hippocampus and cortex, but did not beneficially affect hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia in the STZ-induced diabetic mice compared with untreated diabetic mice."( Telmisartan treatment ameliorates memory deficits in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice via attenuating cerebral amyloidosis.
Chang Li, J; Du, GT; Hong, H; Hu, M; Liu, GJ; Long, Y; Mei, ZL; Miao, MX; Wang, C, 2014)		2.57
"Telmisartan treatment (7 mg/kg and 12 mg/kg) reduced the myocardial infarct size, the expression of proteasome subunits 20S and 26S, and the protein ubiquitin within the heart."( Involvement of proteasome and macrophages M2 in the protection afforded by telmisartan against the acute myocardial infarction in Zucker diabetic fatty rats with metabolic syndrome.
D'Amico, M; De Angelis, A; Di Filippo, C; Ferraraccio, F; Ferraro, B; Maisto, R; Rossi, C; Rotondo, A, 2014)		1.35
"Telmisartan treatment appears to be more efficient than amlodipine treatment."( Long-term use of angiotensin II receptor antagonists and calcium-channel antagonists in Algerian hypertensive patients: effects on metabolic and oxidative parameters.
El Hassar, C; Malti, N; Merzouk, H; Merzouk, SA; Meziane, A; Narce, M, 2015)		1.14
"Telmisartan treatment significantly prevented MAPK mediated inflammation and apoptosis."( Telmisartan ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by inhibiting MAPK mediated inflammation and apoptosis.
Arya, DS; Bhatia, J; Dinda, AK; Gamad, N; Malik, S; Suchal, K, 2015)		2.58
"Telmisartan high dose treatment significantly reduced the disease activity index score when compared with the colitis control mice."( Telmisartan treatment targets inflammatory cytokines to suppress the pathogenesis of acute colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium.
Afrin, MR; Arumugam, S; Giridharan, VV; Harima, M; Karuppagounder, V; Miyashita, S; Nakamura, M; Nakamura, T; Nomoto, M; Pitchaimani, V; Sreedhar, R; Suzuki, H; Suzuki, K; Thandavarayan, RA; Watanabe, K, 2015)		2.58
"Telmisartan treatment resulted in a lower fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (p < 0.05), but insulin action was comparable to after placebo."( Intramyocellular lipid content in subjects with impaired fasting glucose after telmisartan treatment, a randomised cross-over trial.
Dezortová, M; Hájek, M; Hill, M; Kratochvílová, S; Pelikánová, T; Škoch, A; Švehlíková, E; Wohl, P, 2016)		1.38
"Telmisartan treatment restored the lowered level of Trx1, TrxR, TAS and the expression of TrxR1 seen in SAH. "( Telmisartan ameliorates oxidative stress and subarachnoid haemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm.
Cuce, G; Erdi, F; Esen, H; Feyzioglu, B; Kalkan, E; Karatas, Y; Kaya, B; Keskin, F; Kilinc, I, 2016)		3.32
"Telmisartan pre-treatment was used experimentally in the amelioration of ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced AKI."( Renoprotective effect of a combination of garlic and telmisartan against ischemia/reperfusion-induced kidney injury in obese rats.
Alhusseini, NF; Ali, SI; Atteia, HH; Hasan, RA; Idris, RA, 2016)		1.41
"Telmisartan treatment significantly reduced aneurysmal size (1.65 +/- 0.06 vs."( Telmisartan prevents aneurysm progression in the rat by inhibiting proteolysis, apoptosis and inflammation.
Grzesiak, A; Kaschina, E; Kemnitz, UR; Krikov, M; Schrader, F; Sommerfeld, M; Unger, T, 2008)		2.51
"The telmisartan-treated rats exhibited greater protection from gastric ulceration than candesartan-treated animals."( Gastroprotective effects of telmisartan on experimentally-induced gastric ulcers in rats.
Amin, E; Ashour, O; Morsy, M; Rofaeil, R, 2009)		1.13
"Telmisartan treatment improves these dysfunctions in hypertensive renal disease."( Telmisartan improves endothelial dysfunction and renal autoregulation in Dahl salt-sensitive rats.
Fujimoto, S; Haruna, Y; Kashihara, N; Sasaki, T; Satoh, M, 2010)		2.52
"Telmisartan-based treatment induced an increased vagal activity without significant change of sympathetic activity and a reduction of QT dispersion (p<0.001) and QTc dispersion (p<0.001)."( Effect of telmisartan on QT interval variability and autonomic control in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy.
Antonelli, A; Carpi, A; Fallahi, P; Franzoni, F; Galetta, F; Graci, F; Santoro, G; Tocchini, L, 2010)		1.48
"Telmisartan treatment reduced glomerular permeability without affecting glomerular volume."( In vivo visualization of glomerular microcirculation and hyperfiltration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Kashihara, N; Kobayashi, S; Kuwabara, A; Sasaki, T; Satoh, M; Tomita, N, 2010)		1.08
"Telmisartan-treated ApoE-/-AT1aR-/- mice showed lower body weight and higher plasma high-density lipoprotein levels compared with vehicle-treated mice (P<0.05, respectively)."( The angiotensin receptor blocker, telmisartan, reduces and stabilizes atherosclerosis in ApoE and AT1aR double deficient mice.
Enomoto, S; Fukuda, D; Hirata, Y; Nagai, R; Sata, M, 2010)		1.36
"Telmisartan treatment significantly attenuated the increased ratio of heart weight to body weight in diabetic rats."( Effect of telmisartan on the expression of cardiac adiponectin and its receptor 1 in type 2 diabetic rats.
Guo, Z; Qin, Z; Wei, P; Zheng, C, 2011)		1.49
"Telmisartan treatment up-regulates the levels of myocardial adiponectin and its receptor 1, resulting in the increase in myocardial phospho-AMPK-α (Thr172) and GLUT4 expression, which may contribute to the improvement of heart function and the decrease in cardiac hypertrophy in diabetic rats."( Effect of telmisartan on the expression of cardiac adiponectin and its receptor 1 in type 2 diabetic rats.
Guo, Z; Qin, Z; Wei, P; Zheng, C, 2011)		1.49
"Telmisartan treatment significantly improved cardiac function by normalizing mean arterial pressure, left ventricular pressure (±LVdP/dt(max) , a marker of myocardial contraction and relaxation), by decreasing left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (a marker of preload, 3.7 ± 0.41 vs. "( Telmisartan, a dual ARB/partial PPAR-γ agonist, protects myocardium from ischaemic reperfusion injury in experimental diabetes.
Arya, DS; Bharti, S; Bhatia, J; Goyal, SN; Nag, TC; Ray, R, 2011)		3.25
"Telmisartan treatment dose-dependently increased (from 1 μM) protein expression of PPARγ-regulated molecules such as fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), insulin receptor, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4)."( Telmisartan increases localization of glucose transporter 4 to the plasma membrane and increases glucose uptake via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Furukawa, H; Harada, N; Koyama, K; Mawatari, K; Morizumi, R; Nakaya, Y; Shimohata, T; Takahashi, A; Yasui, S, 2011)		2.53
"Telmisartan treatment (1mg/kg/day, orally) was started one week before cadmium administration and continued for ten weeks."( Protective effect of telmisartan against cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in mice.
Fouad, AA; Jresat, I, 2011)		1.41
"Telmisartan treatment was given for eight weeks."( Beneficial role of telmisartan on cardiovascular complications associated with STZ-induced type 2 diabetes in rats.
Goyal, BR; Goyal, RK; Mehta, AA; Parmar, K, 2011)		1.42
"Telmisartan treatment effectively suppressed myocardial protein and mRNA expressions of inflammatory markers [CD68, iNOS, NF-kB, interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, monocyte chemotactic protein-1] in comparison to vehicle-treated rats. "( Telmisartan acts through the modulation of ACE-2/ANG 1-7/mas receptor in rats with dilated cardiomyopathy induced by experimental autoimmune myocarditis.
Gurusamy, N; Kodama, M; Lakshmanan, AP; Ma, M; Sukumaran, V; Suzuki, K; Veeraveedu, PT; Watanabe, K; Yamaguchi, K, 2012)		3.26
"telmisartan after a 7-day treatment withdrawal in patients with hypertension."( Sustained decrease in blood pressure following missed doses of aliskiren or telmisartan: the ASSERTIVE double-blind, randomized study.
Baek, I; Baschiera, F; Brunel, P; Düsing, R, 2012)		1.33
"Telmisartan treatment (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was applied for 30 days, starting on the same day of arsenic administration."( Telmisartan treatment attenuates arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
Al-Mulhim, AS; Fouad, AA; Jresat, I, 2012)		2.54
"Telmisartan treatment is equieffective as pioglitazone in attenuating acute I/R-induced renal injury in diabetic rats by a modification in the oxidative stress and the inflammation."( Renoprotective activity of telmisartan versus pioglitazone on ischemia/reperfusion induced renal damage in diabetic rats.
Tawfik, MK, 2012)		1.4
"Telmisartan treatment significantly attenuated these changes in diabetic rats (P <0.05)."( Effect of telmisartan on the expression of adiponectin receptors and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in the heart and aorta in type 2 diabetic rats.
Guo, Z; Li, J; Xu, G; Zhang, R, 2012)		1.5
"Telmisartan-treated MCs had a significantly lower adhesion force than those of the control group (control: 0.49 ± 0.22 nN, telmisartan: 0.22 ± 0.06 nN, Ang II: 0.40 ± 0.25 nN, Ang II + telmisartan: 0.27 ± 0.14 nN, p < 0.005)."( Real-time monitoring of the effects of telmisartan on angiotensin II-induced mechanical changes in live mesangial cells using atomic force microscopy.
Ihm, CG; Jeong, KH; Lee, GJ; Lee, SH; Lee, TW; Moon, JY; Park, HK, 2012)		1.37
"Telmisartan treatment (two i.p."( Therapeutic role of telmisartan against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice.
Al-Mulhim, AS; Fouad, AA; Gomaa, W; Jresat, I, 2012)		1.42
"Telmisartan treatment significantly suppressed the alveolar bone resorption of infected MgΔ mice."( Effect of angiotensin II receptor blocker on experimental periodontitis in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome.
Ganburged, G; Moriyama, K; Suda, N, 2013)		1.11
"Telmisartan treatment improved insulin sensitivity in obese db/db mice fed a high-fat diet and led to reduction in the size of hypertrophic pancreatic islets in these mice. "( Telmisartan ameliorates insulin sensitivity by activating the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway in skeletal muscle of obese db/db mice.
Fukuda, D; Hirata, Y; Kurobe, H; Maeda, N; Masuzaki, H; Sakaue, H; Sata, M; Sato, H; Shimabukuro, M; Shimomura, I; Shiota, A; Soeki, T; Uematsu, E, 2012)		3.26
"Telmisartan treatment did not increase serum creatinine or potassium in any subgroup, including >400 patients with impaired renal function (basal creatinine 1.73 mg/dL)."( Safety of telmisartan in patients with arterial hypertension : an open-label observational study.
Bohner, H; Heemann, U; Köster, J; Michel, MC; Schäfers, R, 2004)		1.45
"Telmisartan treatment decreased the weight of visceral adipose tissue and the triglyceride content in the liver and skeletal muscle."( Telmisartan prevents obesity and increases the expression of uncoupling protein 1 in diet-induced obese mice.
Araki, K; Kakuma, T; Katsuragi, I; Masaki, T; Tanaka, K; Yoshimatsu, H, 2006)		2.5
"Telmisartan treatment for 3 or 6 months reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion."( Telmisartan reduced blood pressure and HOMA-IR with increasing plasma leptin level in hypertensive and type 2 diabetic patients.
Ak, ND; Fujisaka, S; Hachiya, H; Iwata, M; Kobayashi, M; Murakami, S; Sasaoka, T; Satoh, A; Senda, S; Takano, A; Takata, M; Temaru, R; Urakaze, M; Usui, I; Yamazaki, K; Yamazaki, Y, 2007)		2.5
"The telmisartan-treated rats exhibited less pronounced neurological deficits and recovered better."( Blockade of AT1 receptor reduces apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in normotensive rats with intracerebral hemorrhage.
Chu, K; Jung, KH; Kim, EH; Kim, JM; Kim, M; Kim, SJ; Lee, ST; Park, DK; Roh, JK; Sinn, DI; Song, EC, 2007)		0.82
"Telmisartan treatment reversed these effects and reduced blood pressure to 125+/-2 mmHg, insulin levels to 0.41+/-0.07 ng/mL, and triglycerides to 146+/-18 mg/dL (p<0.05 for all variables), while attenuating the increase in body weight during weeks 3 to 5."( Effect of telmisartan, angiotensin II receptor antagonist, on metabolic profile in fructose-induced hypertensive, hyperinsulinemic, hyperlipidemic rats.
Grossman, E; Harari, A; Harats, D; Kamari, Y; Peleg, E; Shaish, A; Sharabi, Y, 2008)		1.47
"Telmisartan treatment also effectively attenuated the increase in the bladder-wet weight caused by urinary outlet obstruction."( Bladder angiotensin-II receptors: characterization and alteration in bladder outlet obstruction.
Ito, Y; Oyunzul, L; Takeuchi, C; Yamada, S, 2009)		1.07
"Telmisartan treatment significantly reduced BP of diabetic SHRs in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05, low-dose, n= 18; p<0.01, high-dose, n=15)."( Comparative antihypertensive and renoprotective effects of telmisartan and lisinopril after long-term treatment in hypertensive diabetic rats.
Audeval-Gerard, C; Champeroux, P; Richard, S; Wienen, W, 2001)		1.28
"Treatment with telmisartan restored the anti-contractile effect of PVAT and increased the gene and protein expression of PPARγ, adiponectin, and adipoR1 in PVAT."( Nicotine Impairs the Anti-Contractile Function of Perivascular Adipose Tissue by Inhibiting the PPARγ-Adiponectin-AdipoR1 Axis.
Abd Rami, AZ; Aminuddin, A; Hamid, AA; Mokhtar, MH; Ugusman, A, 2023)		1.25
"Treatment with telmisartan reversed the abnormalities of PLB amount, coronary flow rate, and -dP/dt in SHRSP fatty rats."( Abnormal amounts of intracellular calcium regulatory proteins in SHRSP.Z-Lepr(fa)/IzmDmcr rats with metabolic syndrome and cardiac dysfunction.
Kagota, S; Kunitomo, M; Maruyama, K; Nakamura, K; Shinozuka, K; Tada, Y; Wakuda, H, 2013)		0.73
"Treatment with telmisartan decreased blood pressure in both PCK and +/+ rats."( Telmisartan ameliorates fibrocystic liver disease in an orthologous rat model of human autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.
Abe, T; Aukema, HM; Horie, S; Kugita, M; Nagao, S; Nakanishi, K; Sasaki, M; Yamaguchi, T; Yoshihara, D, 2013)		2.17
"Treatment with telmisartan preserved endothelial NOS expression and inhibited inducible NOS and excessive NO generation, while reducing oxidation/nitration stress and inflammatory responses. "( Telmisartan attenuates myocardial apoptosis induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia in rats: modulation of nitric oxide metabolism and inflammatory mediators.
Deng, Y; Guo, XL; Liu, HG; Liu, K; Shang, J; Yuan, X; Zhu, D, 2015)		2.21
"Treatment with telmisartan inhibited excessive iNOS and NO generation and reduced lipid peroxidation and inflammatory responses."( Chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus is attenuated by telmisartan through suppression of iNOS/NO and inhibition of lipid peroxidation and inflammatory responses.
Deng, Y; Guo, X; Liu, H; Shang, J; Yuan, X; Zhu, D, 2015)		0.98
"Treatment with telmisartan or oxacalcitriol alone moderately ameliorated kidney injury."( Combination therapy with telmisartan and oxacalcitriol suppresses the progression of murine adriamycin nephropathy.
Asanuma, E; Asanuma, K; Asao, R; Jeong, KH; Kodama, F; Lydia, A; Takagi, M; Tomino, Y, 2015)		1.06
"Treatment with telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide resulted in the quicker onset of blood pressure-lowering effects compared with telmisartan/amlodipine."( Comparison of telmisartan/amlodipine and telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of Japanese patients with uncontrolled hypertension: the TAT-Kobe study.
Hirata, K; Ishida, T; Kondo, K; Mori, K; Toh, R; Yasuda, T, 2016)		1.13
"Treatment with telmisartan ameliorates oxidative stress and SAH-induced cerebral vasospasm in rabbits. "( Telmisartan ameliorates oxidative stress and subarachnoid haemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm.
Cuce, G; Erdi, F; Esen, H; Feyzioglu, B; Kalkan, E; Karatas, Y; Kaya, B; Keskin, F; Kilinc, I, 2016)		2.23
"Treatment with telmisartan did not affect postprandial blood glucose but decreased systolic blood pressure, collagen gene expression, desmin staining and angiotensin II levels."( Strict angiotensin blockade prevents the augmentation of intrarenal angiotensin II and podocyte abnormalities in type 2 diabetic rats with microalbuminuria.
Hosomi, N; Imanishi, M; Ito, S; Kiyomoto, H; Kobori, H; Konishi, Y; Meda, I; Mori, T; Morikawa, T; Nagai, Y; Nakagawa, T; Nishiyama, A; Okada, N; Okumura, M, 2008)		0.69
"Pretreatment with telmisartan improved this cognitive decline to a similar level to that in control mice."( Cognitive deficit in amyloid-beta-injected mice was improved by pretreatment with a low dose of telmisartan partly because of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation.
Horiuchi, M; Iwai, M; Iwanami, J; Jing, F; Min, LJ; Mogi, M; Sakata, A; Tsukuda, K, 2009)		0.89
"Treatment with telmisartan in 1360 patients with acute mild ischemic stroke and mildly elevated BP appeared to be safe with no excess in adverse events, was not associated with a significant effect on functional dependency, death, or recurrence, and modestly lowered BP."( Effect of telmisartan on functional outcome, recurrence, and blood pressure in patients with acute mild ischemic stroke: a PRoFESS subgroup analysis.
Bath, PM; Cotton, D; Diener, HC; Estol, C; Martin, RH; Palesch, Y; Roberts, R; Sacco, R; Toni, D; Yusuf, S, 2009)		1.11
"Pre-treatment with telmisartan dose-dependently attenuated gastric ulcer indices induced by both models."( Gastroprotective effects of telmisartan on experimentally-induced gastric ulcers in rats.
Amin, E; Ashour, O; Morsy, M; Rofaeil, R, 2009)		0.97
"Treatment with telmisartan may prevent the onset of alloxan-induced diabetes even under acatalasemic conditions."( Sensitization to alloxan-induced diabetes and pancreatic cell apoptosis in acatalasemic mice.
Fukuoka, N; Inoue, T; Kikumoto, Y; Kitagawa, M; Maeshima, Y; Makino, H; Masuoka, N; Morinaga, H; Ogino, K; Saeki, M; Sugiyama, H; Takiue, K; Wang, DH, 2010)		0.7
"Treatment with telmisartan improved these abnormalities."( Telmisartan improves endothelial dysfunction and renal autoregulation in Dahl salt-sensitive rats.
Fujimoto, S; Haruna, Y; Kashihara, N; Sasaki, T; Satoh, M, 2010)		2.14
"Treatment with telmisartan (3 mg/kg/day p.o.) decreased SBP and U(protein)V, increased nephrin and podocin mRNA levels, and attenuated glomerular sclerosis and podocyte injury."( Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade enhances the antiproteinuric effect of an angiotensin II blocker through inhibiting podocyte injury in type 2 diabetic rats.
Hamada, M; Hitomi, H; Imanishi, M; Kishida, M; Kobori, H; Konishi, Y; Maeda, I; Morikawa, T; Nagai, Y; Nakagawa, T; Nakano, D; Nishiyama, A; Ohashi, N; Okumura, M, 2010)		0.7
"Treatment with telmisartan ensured within 24 weeks efficacious control of systolic AP and normalization of its daily profile in 87.5% patients with pathological circadian rhythm, besides improvement of carbohydrate metabolism and LV DF."( [Arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus: clinical evaluation of hemodynamic characteristics, possibility of correction].
Mordovina, AG; Morozova, OI; Pozdniakova, NV; Sekerko, SA; Tatarchenko, IP, 2009)		0.69
"Treatment with telmisartan had no significant impact on serum glucose, potassium, and bicarbonate levels. "( Angiotensin receptor blocker telmisartan improves insulin sensitivity in peritoneal dialysis patients.
Bigazzi, R; Campese, VM; Cavallini, I; Cioni, A; Sordini, C, )		0.78
"Treatment with telmisartan significantly improved the redox status of the myocardium with subsequent cardiac functional recovery."( Modulation of PPAR-gamma by telmisartan protects the heart against myocardial infarction in experimental diabetes.
Arora, S; Arya, DS; Bhatt, TK; Das, P; Goyal, S; Kumari, S; Sharma, A, 2010)		0.99
"Treatment with telmisartan decreased the ischemic area and improved the neurological score compared with the no-treatment group, with an increase in cerebral blood flow and a reduction in superoxide production and expression of inflammatory cytokines."( Low dose of telmisartan prevents ischemic brain damage with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation in diabetic mice.
Horiuchi, M; Iwai, M; Iwanami, J; Jing, F; Min, LJ; Mogi, M; Sakata, A; Tsukuda, K, 2010)		1.08
"Treatment with telmisartan diminished by 35% HOMA-IR in group 1 (4.5 ± 3.1 vs 2.9 ± 2.1), without improvement in group 2."( Telmisartan improves insulin resistance in patients with low cytokine levels.
Costo, A; Crespo, L; Doncel, C; Fernandez Toro, JM; Fraile, J; Rivas, MD; Sanchez Muñoz-Torrero, JF; Zamorano, J, 2011)		2.15
"Treatment with telmisartan not only decreased SBP and DBP levels, but also improved insulin resistance and microalbuminuria by T1. "( Antihypertensive and metabolic effects of telmisartan in hypertensive HIV-positive patients.
De Caterina, R; Di Iorio, A; Falasca, K; Mancino, P; Ucciferri, C; Vecchiet, J, 2011)		0.99
"Treatment with telmisartan decreases the TNF-α-induced recruitment of monocytic cells and endothelial expression of VCAM-1 in regions of non-uniform shear stress in vitro. "( Telmisartan prevents VCAM-1 induction and monocytic cell adhesion to endothelium exposed to non-uniform shear stress and TNF-α.
Cicha, I; Daniel, WG; Garlichs, CD; Urschel, K, 2011)		2.16
"Treatment with telmisartan and losartan effectively increased the plasma level of Ang-(1-7) and suppressed myocardial AT(1)R expression, but did not influence the expression of Mas receptor and AT(2)R."( Regulation of angiotensin-(1-7) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor by telmisartan and losartan in adriamycin-induced rat heart failure.
Cao, K; Chen, XM; Huang, HJ; Huang, J; Lu, XZ; Qin, XY; Yang, XH; Yong, YH; Zheng, HJ; Zong, WN, 2011)		0.94
"Treatment with telmisartan decreased serum IL-17 concentration in KK-Ay and ameliorated angiotensin II-induced insulin resistance with a decrease in serum IL-17 level in C57BL/6J."( Roles of interleukin 17 in angiotensin II type 1 receptor-mediated insulin resistance.
Higaki, J; Horiuchi, M; Iwanami, J; Jing, F; Min, LJ; Mogi, M; Ohshima, K; Tsukuda, K, 2012)		0.72
"Treatment with telmisartan on top of existing antihypertensive medication did not result in significant blood pressure-lowering and did not prevent the progression of WML in patients with a recent ischemic stroke in this patient cohort. "( Telmisartan on top of antihypertensive treatment does not prevent progression of cerebral white matter lesions in the prevention regimen for effectively avoiding second strokes (PRoFESS) MRI substudy.
Blatchford, J; Demchuk, AM; Diehl, A; Diener, HC; Forsting, M; Gizewski, ER; Hermansson, K; Möller-Hartmann, C; Sacco, RL; Saver, JL; Wanke, I; Warach, S; Weber, R; Weimar, C, 2012)		2.17
"Treatment with telmisartan increased serum adiponectin levels in high-fat diet-fed mice concomitantly with an upregulation of adiponectin mRNA in visceral adipose tissue."( Activation of AMPK-Sirt1 pathway by telmisartan in white adipose tissue: A possible link to anti-metabolic effects.
Fukuda, D; Hirata, Y; Kurobe, H; Masuzaki, H; Nakaya, Y; Sakaue, H; Sata, M; Sato, H; Shimabukuro, M; Shiota, A; Soeki, T; Uematsu, E, 2012)		0.99
"Treatment with telmisartan significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of ACE2 and MAS, and decreased the mRNA levels of ACE, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-R), collagen type III, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)."( Telmisartan attenuates hepatic fibrosis in bile duct-ligated rats.
Liu, RX; Wen, Y; Yi, ET; Yin, CH, 2012)		2.16
"Treatment with telmisartan resulted in a significant reduction of SBP of 10.3% and 13.7% as compared to 6.6% and 10.6% in losartan group at the end of 6th and 8th weeks respectively."( Comparison of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of telmisartan with losartan in Indian patients with mild to moderate hypertension: a pilot study.
Ballary, C; Desai, A; Dongre, N; Samra, SS, 2003)		0.91
"Treatment with telmisartan, perindopril or spironolactone prevented the development of hypertension in the CAP+HS group."( Control of vascular changes by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in salt-sensitive hypertension.
Gao, YJ; He, CC; Lee, RM; Li, N; Luo, BH; Su, CJ; Yi, JJ; Zeng, ZH, 2004)		0.66
"Treatment with telmisartan attenuated all of the changes and prevented renal fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner; despite the low dose (0.1 mg/kg)."( Telmisartan inhibits both oxidative stress and renal fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction in acatalasemic mice.
Kira, S; Kobayashi, M; Maeshima, Y; Makino, H; Masuoka, N; Sugiyama, H; Sunami, R; Wang, DH; Yamasaki, Y, 2005)		2.11
"Treatment with telmisartan dissolved in drinking water at a dosage of 5 mg/kg per day for 14 days attenuated the diet-induced weight gain without affecting food intake in diet-induced obese mice compared with controls using nontreated water."( Telmisartan prevents obesity and increases the expression of uncoupling protein 1 in diet-induced obese mice.
Araki, K; Kakuma, T; Katsuragi, I; Masaki, T; Tanaka, K; Yoshimatsu, H, 2006)		2.12
"Treatment with telmisartan (10 mg kg(-1)day(-1)) or vehicle was initiated 2 weeks after injection of streptozotocin and continued for 2 weeks."( Telmisartan improves vascular function and reduces platelet activation in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
Bauersachs, J; Ertl, G; Flierl, U; Menninger, S; Schäfer, A; Tas, P; Vogt, C, 2007)		2.12
"Treatment with Telmisartan stimulated angiotensinogen gene expression in the liver, kidney and heart, whereas it remained unchanged in the hypothalamus, thymus and adrenal gland."( Angiotensin II receptor blockade in TGR(mREN2)27: effects of renin-angiotensin-system gene expression and cardiovascular functions.
Bader, M; Böhm, M; Djavidani, B; Kaling, M; Kim, S; Kreutz, R; Lee, M; Schinke, M; Wagner, J; Wienen, W, 1995)		0.63
"Treatment with telmisartan was associated with a significantly greater mean reduction from baseline in the last 6 h ABPM mean for diastolic blood pressure compared with the valsartan-treated group (-7.5+/-0.6 mmHg versus -5.2+/-0.6 mmHg, respectively, P<0.01). "( A prospective, randomized, open-label trial comparing telmisartan 80 mg with valsartan 80 mg in patients with mild to moderate hypertension using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.
Dubiel, RF; Littlejohn, T; Marbury, T; Mroczek, W; VanderMaelen, CP, 2000)		0.91

Toxicity

Telmisartan plus S-amlodipine single-pill combination was safe and effective in patients with hypertension in a large real-world population. The incidence of adverse effects was lower in the tel Misartan group, with the absence of cough.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Telmisartan, a new angiotensin receptor blocker, is a safe and effective drug to use in combination for the treatment of patients with severe hypertension and proved at least as effective as the enalapril combination."( The efficacy and safety of telmisartan compared to enalapril in patients with severe hypertension.
Neutel, JM; Reilly, PA; Smith, DH, )		1.34
" telmisartan were well tolerated in both the hepatically impaired and the healthy; headache was the most common potentially telmisartan-related adverse event."( Pharmacokinetics and safety of intravenous and oral telmisartan 20 mg and 120 mg in subjects with hepatic impairment compared with healthy volunteers.
Roth, W; Schöndorfer, G; Stangier, J; Su, CA, 2000)		1.47
" Adverse events occurred in 12 (26."( Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of telmisartan and enalapril, with the potential addition of frusemide, in moderate-renal failure patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension.
Baumelou, B; Chanard, J; Hannedouche, T, 2001)		0.58
"Angioedema is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening adverse event associated with ACE inhibitor therapy which is believed to be due to potentiation of the vascular effects of bradykinin."( Can angiotensin receptor antagonists be used safely in patients with previous ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema?
Howes, LG; Tran, D, 2002)		0.31
" Most adverse events were of mild-to-moderate intensity and unrelated to treatment."( Long-term exposure to telmisartan as monotherapy or combination therapy: efficacy and safety.
Freytag, F; Holwerda, NJ; Karlberg, BE; Meinicke, TW; Schumacher, H, 2002)		0.63
" Tolerability and safety was assessed by physical examination, laboratory parameters and evaluation of adverse events."( Comparison of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of telmisartan with losartan in Indian patients with mild to moderate hypertension: a pilot study.
Ballary, C; Desai, A; Dongre, N; Samra, SS, 2003)		0.57
" Telmisartan was well tolerated; the most common adverse events were headache (6%) and dizziness (3%), and 10% of adverse events were considered drug-related."( An open-label study investigating the efficacy and safety of 12-96 weeks of telmisartan treatment in patients with hypertension.
Bergovec, M; Farsang, C; Ingino, C; Laucevicius, A, )		1.27
"The safety and efficacy of telmisartan found in controlled studies is maintained in a large postmarketing population that included sizeable patient subgroups potentially at higher risk for adverse events."( Safety of telmisartan in patients with arterial hypertension : an open-label observational study.
Bohner, H; Heemann, U; Köster, J; Michel, MC; Schäfers, R, 2004)		1.02
" Incidence and severity of adverse events and physical examination and laboratory parameters were monitored for the safety evaluation."( Angiotensin II receptor antagonist telmisartan in isolated systolic hypertension (ARAMIS) study: efficacy and safety of telmisartan 20, 40 or 80 mg versus hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg or placebo.
de Zeeuw, D; Köster, J; Manolis, AJ; Murphy, MB; Reid, JL; Seewaldt-Becker, E, 2004)		0.6
" All-causality adverse events occurred in 19."( Angiotensin II receptor antagonist telmisartan in isolated systolic hypertension (ARAMIS) study: efficacy and safety of telmisartan 20, 40 or 80 mg versus hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg or placebo.
de Zeeuw, D; Köster, J; Manolis, AJ; Murphy, MB; Reid, JL; Seewaldt-Becker, E, 2004)		0.6
"The objective of this study was to clarify the relationship between the pharmacokinetic parameters of telmisartan and the occurrence of adverse events."( Relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and occurrence of adverse events in clinical trials performed in Europe and United States for an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, telmisartan.
Igarashi, T; Sarashina, A; Tanigawara, Y; Tatami, S; Yamamura, N, 2004)		0.73
" The incidence of adverse effects was lower in the telmisartan group, with the absence of cough."( Clinical efficacy and safety of telmisartan 80 mg once daily compared with enalapril 20 mg once daily in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension: results of a multicentre study.
Alcocer, L; Campos, E; de la Fuente, JJ; Dominguez-Henkel, R; Fernandez-Bonetti, P; Segovia-Ayala, C, 2004)		0.86
" Adverse events with the two treatments were comparable (telmisartan vs."( Efficacy and safety of telmisartan vs. losartan in control of mild-to-moderate hypertension: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind study.
Bai, J; Cai, NS; Cheng, NN; Fan, WH; Guo, JX; Guo, JZ; Ke, YN; Lu, ZY; Sheng, LH; Tang, B; Zhu, JR, 2004)		0.88
" Tolerability and safety were assessed by physical examination, laboratory parameters and evaluation of adverse events."( Assessment of efficacy, safety and tolerability of fixed dose combination of telmisartan 40mg and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5mg in adult Indian patients with mild to moderate hypertension.
Chandrasekharan, S; Desai, A; Ganesan, R; Gawde, A; Jain, SD; Jayaram, S; Kadam, GS; Lahoti, S; Mishra, AB; Muralidharan, RS; Rajadhyaksha, GC; Sodhi, SS, 2004)		0.55
" Safety outcome measures included monitoring of physical examination, laboratory parameters and monitoring treatment-emergent adverse events."( A pilot study for evaluation of the efficacy and safety of telmisartan in reducing microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Baliga, V; Desai, A; Gawde, A; Hariharan, RS; Kulkarni, BN; Kulkarni, RB; Naikwadi, A, 2005)		0.57
" The incidence of adverse events during both phases was comparably low and the results of laboratory tests were unremarkable."( Efficacy and safety of combination therapy using high- or low-dose hydrochlorothiazide with valsartan or other Angiotensin-receptor blockers.
Ansari, A; Fuenfstueck, R; Hempel, RD; Klebs, S; Weidinger, G, )		0.13
"LOCM was less toxic to rat kidney than HOCM."( [Nephrotoxicity of high- and low-osmolar contrast media: Protective role of fosinopril or telmisartan in a rat model].
Duan, SB; Jiang, WL; Li, J; Li, YJ; Liu, FY; Liu, YH; Peng, YM; Wang, YH; Xu, XQ; Zou, Q, 2007)		0.56
" The incidence and causality of all adverse events (AEs) and laboratory abnormalities occurring during treatment were recorded."( The safety profile of telmisartan as monotherapy or combined with hydrochlorothiazide: a retrospective analysis of 50 studies.
Mancia, G; Schumacher, H, 2008)		0.66
" The most frequent suspected adverse reactions were dizziness and headache, which were comparable across groups and studies."( The safety profile of telmisartan as monotherapy or combined with hydrochlorothiazide: a retrospective analysis of 50 studies.
Mancia, G; Schumacher, H, 2008)		0.66
" T80/H25 FDC was well tolerated; drug-related adverse events occurred in 29 (4."( Long-term, open-label evaluation of the safety and efficacy of telmisartan 80 mg/hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg fixed-dose combination alone or with other antihypertensive medication.
Edwards, C; Neldam, S, 2009)		0.59
" LOCM was less toxic to rat kidneys than HOCM."( The protective role of telmisartan against nephrotoxicity induced by X-ray contrast media in rat model.
Duan, SB; Liu, FY; Peng, YM; Wang, P; Wang, YH; Xu, XQ; Zou, Q, 2009)		0.66
" Tolerability was assessed by treatment-emergent adverse events."( Evaluation of safety and efficacy of telmisartan-amlodipine combination in treating hypertension.
Faruqui, AA, 2008)		0.62
" An understanding of structure-activity relationships (SARs) of chemicals can make a significant contribution to the identification of potential toxic effects early in the drug development process and aid in avoiding such problems."( Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity.
Fisk, L; Greene, N; Naven, RT; Note, RR; Patel, ML; Pelletier, DJ, 2010)		0.36
"Antihypertensive therapy is effective in reducing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events."( Combination of amlodipine plus angiotensin receptor blocker or diuretics in high-risk hypertensive patients: a 96-week efficacy and safety study.
Deng, Q; Liu, L; Liu, M; Ma, L; Sun, H; Wang, J; Wang, W; Zhang, Y; Zhao, Y, 2012)		0.38
" Safety evaluations included monitoring of any adverse events (AEs)."( Combination of amlodipine plus angiotensin receptor blocker or diuretics in high-risk hypertensive patients: a 96-week efficacy and safety study.
Deng, Q; Liu, L; Liu, M; Ma, L; Sun, H; Wang, J; Wang, W; Zhang, Y; Zhao, Y, 2012)		0.38
" Although blood levels of potassium, hemoglobin A1c and uric acid (UA) significantly increased after 3 months for all of the patients, none of the patients showed serious adverse effects."( Efficacy and safety of a single-pill fixed-dose combination of high-dose telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide in patients with uncontrolled hypertension.
Arimura, T; Fujisawa, K; Inoue, A; Kuwano, T; Matsunaga, E; Mitsutake, R; Miura, S; Morii, J; Nagata, I; Norimatsu, K; Saku, K; Shiga, Y; Shimizu, T; Shirotani, T; Uehara, Y, 2012)		0.61
" However, its clinical application is hampered by toxic effects in many organs."( Aliskiren alleviates doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and podocyte injury.
Ahmad, SJ; Akhtar, M; Najmi, AK; Pillai, KK; Rashikh, A, 2013)		0.39
" Moreover, toxic effects obtained at high dose level of each treatment groups were transient and reversible and no evidence of additive toxic effects were observed due to concomitant administration."( Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicity of a combination of metoprolol succinate and telmisartan in Wistar albino rats: safety profiling.
Chatterjee, N; Das, AK; Ghosh, B; Karmakar, S; Nandi, U; Padman, A; Pal, TK, 2013)		0.61
"Combination therapy with telmisartan and aliskiren may be safe in young nondiabetic patients with normal renal function at low vascular risk."( Safety of enhanced renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibition with aliskiren in nondiabetic patients with chronic kidney disease.
Bednarski, R; Donderski, R; Heleniak, Z; Lizakowski, S; Manitius, J; Przybylska, M; Renke, M; Rutkowski, B; Rutkowski, P; Sulikowska, B; Tylicki, L, 2013)		0.69
"Nephrotoxicity is a major adverse effect of the widely used anticancer drug cisplatin."( Telmisartan ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by inhibiting MAPK mediated inflammation and apoptosis.
Arya, DS; Bhatia, J; Dinda, AK; Gamad, N; Malik, S; Suchal, K, 2015)		1.86
" This preliminary investigation concludes that the combination of pioglitazone and telmisartan can primarily be stated as safe in animals, even at the dose level which is several folds higher than the intended human dose."( Safety profiling of pioglitazone and telmisartan combination by sub-chronic toxicity study in rat.
Chatterjee, B; Das, A; Das, SK; Ibrahim, F; Kifayatullah, M; Mahmood, S; Mandal, UK; Sengupta, P, 2016)		0.93
" The adverse events (AEs) during both treatment periods were generally mild."( The efficacy and long-term safety of a triple combination of 80 mg telmisartan, 5 mg amlodipine and 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide in Japanese patients with essential hypertension: a randomized, double-blind study with open-label extension.
Higaki, J; Ikeda, H; Komuro, I; Kuroki, D; Nishimura, S; Ogihara, T; Shiki, K; Taniguchi, A; Ugai, H, 2017)		0.69
" There were 48 adverse events in 36 patients (17."( Efficacy and Safety of Fixed-dose Combination Therapy With Telmisartan and Rosuvastatin in Korean Patients With Hypertension and Dyslipidemia: TELSTA-YU (TELmisartan-rosuvaSTAtin from YUhan), a Multicenter, Randomized, 4-arm, Double-blind, Placebo-control
Bae, JH; Baek, SH; Cho, J; Choi, YJ; Doh, JH; Han, JK; Han, KH; Hong, KS; Hyon, MS; Ihm, SH; Jeong, JO; Kim, H; Kim, HS; Kim, MH; Kim, SH; Kim, SJ; Lee, BK; Oh, GC; Rhee, MY; Rhew, JY; Shin, ES; Sung, JH; Yoo, BS, 2018)		0.72
" Surprisingly, we observed acute toxic effects of telmisartan."( Acute toxic effects of telmisartan in spontaneously hypertensive rats fed a high fructose diet.
Behuliak, M; Jirsa, M; Kuda, O; Mlejnek, P; Pravenec, M; Šilhavý, J; Šimáková, M; Sticová, E; Vaněčková, I, 2018)		1.04
" Adverse events (AEs), clinical laboratory data, and vital signs were assessed in all patients."( Efficacy and Safety of Triple Therapy With Telmisartan, Amlodipine, and Rosuvastatin in Patients With Dyslipidemia and Hypertension: The Jeil Telmisartan, Amlodipine, and Rosuvastatin Randomized Clinical Trial.
Ahn, Y; Chang, K; Cho, JM; Hong, SJ; Hyon, MS; Jeong, HS; Kang, WC; Kim, HS; Lee, JH; Pyun, WB, 2019)		0.78
" No significant differences were found in the incidence of overall AEs and adverse drug reactions, and serious AEs were comparable among 3 groups."( Efficacy and Safety of Triple Therapy With Telmisartan, Amlodipine, and Rosuvastatin in Patients With Dyslipidemia and Hypertension: The Jeil Telmisartan, Amlodipine, and Rosuvastatin Randomized Clinical Trial.
Ahn, Y; Chang, K; Cho, JM; Hong, SJ; Hyon, MS; Jeong, HS; Kang, WC; Kim, HS; Lee, JH; Pyun, WB, 2019)		0.78
" Exposure to GW9662 or telmisartan alone was not toxic to auditory HCs."( Telmisartan Protects Auditory Hair Cells from Gentamicin-Induced Toxicity in vitro.
Bodmer, D; Cortada, M; Jain, N; Levano, S; Wei, E, 2020)		2.31
" The secondary efficacy variables were changes in MSSBP, mean sitting diastolic blood pressure (MSDBP), LDL cholesterol and other lipid levels at 4 weeks and 8 weeks, as well as observed adverse events during follow-up."( Efficacy and safety of co-administered telmisartan/amlodipine and rosuvastatin in subjects with hypertension and dyslipidemia.
Ahn, JC; Chae, IH; Cho, EJ; Cho, JM; Cho, Y; Choi, SY; Han, KH; Hong, SJ; Hong, SP; Hwang, J; Hyon, MS; Jin, X; Kim, H; Kim, HS; Kim, JH; Kim, MH; Kim, PJ; Kim, WS; Kwon, K; Lee, H; Lee, HC; Lee, JH; Lee, K; Lee, SH; Park, CG; Rhee, MY; Seo, JS; Shin, JH; Sung, JH; Sung, KC; Yoo, BS, 2020)		0.83
" Adverse events, total adverse drug reactions, and serious adverse drug reactions were found in 808 patients (1."( Telmisartan Plus S-Amlodipine Single-Pill Combination Therapy is Safe and Effective in Patients with Hypertension from Large-Scale Nationwide Surveillance Data in Korea (NOVEL) Study.
Hong, GR; Jo, SH; Kim, SW; Park, CG; Park, SJ, 2021)		2.06
"Telmisartan plus S-amlodipine single-pill combination was safe and effective in patients with hypertension in a large real-world population."( Telmisartan Plus S-Amlodipine Single-Pill Combination Therapy is Safe and Effective in Patients with Hypertension from Large-Scale Nationwide Surveillance Data in Korea (NOVEL) Study.
Hong, GR; Jo, SH; Kim, SW; Park, CG; Park, SJ, 2021)		3.51
" In terms of safety, no special adverse events and clinically significant results were noted, and all dose groups of the triple combination are considered safe for use in essential hypertension patients."( Efficacy and safety of low-dose antihypertensive combination of amlodipine, telmisartan, and chlorthalidone: A randomized, double-blind, parallel, phase II trial.
Ahn, JC; Cho, EJ; Han, SH; Kang, SM; Kim, KH; Kim, KI; Kim, SY; Kim, W; Kim, YJ; Park, CG; Park, SJ; Park, SM; Shin, J; Shin, JH; Sohn, IS; Sung, JH; Sung, KC, 2022)		0.95
" Adverse effects were observed on several biomarkers related to cardiac damage like cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), oxidative stress like malondialdehyde (MDA), an inflammatory process like interleukin-17 (IL-17) with important histopathological changes."( Investigation of the impact of rosuvastatin and telmisartan in doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity.
Al-Gareeb, AI; Al-Kuraishy, HM; Al-Megrin, WAI; Alkhuriji, AF; Batiha, GE; De Waard, M; Elekhnawy, E; Negm, WA, 2022)		0.98
" There are no serious adverse event and no one discontinued medication due to adverse event."( Efficacy and safety of standard dose triple combination of telmisartan 80 mg/amlodipine 5 mg/chlorthalidone 25 mg in primary hypertension: A randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, multicenter phase 3 trial.
Ahn, Y; Cha, KS; Chang, K; Cho, EJ; Choi, DJ; Choi, SY; Doh, JH; Hong, SJ; Hong, SP; Hwang, JY; Hyon, MS; Ihm, SH; Kang, WC; Kim, HS; Kim, MH; Kim, SH; Kim, WS; Kim, YH; Kwon, K; Lee, JH; Lee, N; Lim, SW; Rhee, MY; Shin, J; Son, JW; Yoo, BS, 2023)		1.15

Pharmacokinetics

The steady-state pharmacokinetic properties of telmisartan were not significantly affected after multiple-dose coadministration of high doses of tel Misartan and S-amlodipine. The drug had no significant effect on the pharmacodynamic properties of S-AMlodipin at steady state.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"A series of studies was conducted in healthy young males and healthy elderly males or females to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of telmisartan."( Pharmacokinetics of orally and intravenously administered telmisartan in healthy young and elderly volunteers and in hypertensive patients.
Roth, W; Stangier, J; Su, CA, )		0.58
" This suggests that the extent of pharmacokinetic interaction between telmisartan and warfarin is limited, and since telmisartan had no effect on INRpre and the concomitant medication was well tolerated, there is no evidence for a clinically relevant interaction between telmisartan and warfarin."( Steady-state pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of warfarin in the presence and absence of telmisartan in healthy male volunteers.
Hendriks, MG; Jonkman, JH; Oosterhuis, B; Sollie, FA; Stangier, J; Su, CA; van Lier, JJ, 2000)		0.76
"Two open-label, two-way, crossover studies were performed to assess any pharmacokinetic interaction of telmisartan with either acetaminophen or ibuprofen."( Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen and ibuprofen when coadministered with telmisartan in healthy volunteers.
Fraunhofer, A; Stangier, J; Su, CA; Tetzloff, W, 2000)		0.75
" The geometric means of the primary pharmacokinetic parameters at steady state (day 9) for amlodipine when given alone were the following: maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) 17."( Pharmacokinetics of repeated oral doses of amlodipine and amlodipine plus telmisartan in healthy volunteers.
Stangier, J; Su, CA, 2000)		0.54
" After oral dosing, the pharmacokinetic profile of telmisartan was characterized by rapid absorption and disposition kinetics and a slow terminal elimination phase with mean half-lives of 27 to 42 hours."( Pharmacokinetics and safety of intravenous and oral telmisartan 20 mg and 120 mg in subjects with hepatic impairment compared with healthy volunteers.
Roth, W; Schöndorfer, G; Stangier, J; Su, CA, 2000)		0.81
" Changes in the pharmacokinetic profile in subjects with renal insufficiency did not affect the safety profile of telmisartan, which was well tolerated in these subjects."( Pharmacokinetics of single-dose telmisartan 120 mg given during and between hemodialysis in subjects with severe renal insufficiency: comparison with healthy volunteers.
Brickl, R; Franke, H; Stangier, J; Su, CA, 2000)		0.8
" Geometric mean AUC144-168, Cmax, and Cmin values for digoxin when given in combination with telmisartan were higher by 22%, 50%, and 13%, respectively, compared with values when given alone."( The effect of telmisartan on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of digoxin in healthy male volunteers.
Hendriks, MG; Jonkman, JH; Oosterhuis, B; Sollie, FA; Stangier, J; Su, CA; van Lier, JJ, 2000)		0.89
"The objectives of this study were to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model for telmisartan based on the pooled data obtained from the different racial populations and then to identify the factors that affect the pharmacokinetics of telmisartan for the comparison between the regions."( Pharmacokinetic comparison of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, telmisartan, in Japanese and western hypertensive patients using population pharmacokinetic method.
Igarashi, T; Sarashina, A; Tanigawara, Y; Tatami, S; Yamamura, N; Yong, CL, 2004)		0.78
"The objective of this study was to clarify the relationship between the pharmacokinetic parameters of telmisartan and the occurrence of adverse events."( Relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and occurrence of adverse events in clinical trials performed in Europe and United States for an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, telmisartan.
Igarashi, T; Sarashina, A; Tanigawara, Y; Tatami, S; Yamamura, N, 2004)		0.73
" Finally, some relevant pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties of the database of 53 compounds are calculated using the VolSurf and MetaSite software to allow the simultaneous characterization of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetics properties of the chemical space of angiotensin II receptor antagonists."( Pharmacophore, drug metabolism, and pharmacokinetics models on non-peptide AT1, AT2, and AT1/AT2 angiotensin II receptor antagonists.
Berellini, G; Cruciani, G; Mannhold, R, 2005)		0.33
" The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the 40 mg and 80 mg regimen group were as follows: t(max) (1."( Pharmacokinetics of telmisartan in healthy Chinese subjects after oral administration of two dosage levels.
Chen, X; Li, R; Yin, J; Zhang, P; Zhang, Y; Zhong, D, 2006)		0.66
"This randomized, single-blind, parallel-group study was performed to assess pharmacokinetic interactions potentially occurring during concomitant use of telmisartan and nisoldipine."( Pharmacokinetics of oral doses of telmisartan and nisoldipine, given alone and in combination, in patients with essential hypertension.
Appel, D; Bajcetic, M; Benndorf, RA; Böger, RH; Maas, R; Riekhof, D; Schulze, F; Schwedhelm, E, 2007)		0.82
"To investigate the pharmacokinetic (PK) and the pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of telmisartan in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats using an indirect response and effect-compartment link models, and compare two PK-PD models fitting quality."( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of telmisartan using an indirect response model in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Cao, YG; Chen, YC; Hao, K; Liu, XQ; Wang, GJ; Yu, D, 2007)		0.83
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)		0.35
" The mean dose-adjusted area under the concentration curve from 0 to 12 h (AUC(0-12)) and AUC(0-6) of MPA co-administered with telmisartan were significantly lower than that without ARB (98 vs."( Effect of telmisartan, valsartan and candesartan on mycophenolate mofetil pharmacokinetics in Japanese renal transplant recipients.
Habuchi, T; Inoue, T; Kagaya, H; Miura, M; Ohkubo, T; Saito, M; Satoh, S; Suzuki, T, 2009)		0.96
"This article reviews the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of telmisartan with a special focus on novel pharmacokinetic characteristics of the drug."( Telmisartan: a review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties.
Benndorf, RA; Böger, RH; Deppe, S; Weiss, J, 2010)		2.03
"An overview of the published data regarding the pharmacokinetic properties of telmisartan as well as a summary of the results from selected small exploratory and large clinical outcome trials involving telmisartan."( Telmisartan: a review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties.
Benndorf, RA; Böger, RH; Deppe, S; Weiss, J, 2010)		2.03
" Plasma concentrations of telmisartan and its glucuronide were measured by LC-MS/MS, and population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed."( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenomic profiles of telmisartan after the oral microdose and therapeutic dose.
Chiyoda, T; Hirota, T; Ieiri, I; Irie, S; Kimura, M; Maeda, K; Nishimura, C; Noguchi, T; Sasaki, T; Shimizu, H; Sugiyama, Y; Yoshida, K, 2011)		0.92
" These results were quantitatively confirmed by population pharmacokinetic analysis."( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenomic profiles of telmisartan after the oral microdose and therapeutic dose.
Chiyoda, T; Hirota, T; Ieiri, I; Irie, S; Kimura, M; Maeda, K; Nishimura, C; Noguchi, T; Sasaki, T; Shimizu, H; Sugiyama, Y; Yoshida, K, 2011)		0.62
" Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters along with liver and muscle tissue levels were collected, and their contributions to total V(ss) were calculated."( The impact of hepatic uptake on the pharmacokinetics of organic anions.
Gardiner, P; Paine, SW, 2011)		0.37
"To investigate the effects of coadministration of telmisartan and S-amlodipine on the steady-state pharmacokinetic properties of each drug as a drug-drug interaction study required before developing the fixed-dose combination agent."( Pharmacokinetic interaction of telmisartan with s-amlodipine: an open-label, two-period crossover study in healthy Korean male volunteers.
Bae, KS; Choi, HY; Jin, SJ; Kim, MJ; Kim, YH; Lim, HS; Lim, J; Noh, YH; Sung, HR, 2012)		0.92
" The pharmacokinetic properties of each drug after coadministration of telmisartan and S-amlodipine were compared with those of each drug administered alone."( Pharmacokinetic interaction of telmisartan with s-amlodipine: an open-label, two-period crossover study in healthy Korean male volunteers.
Bae, KS; Choi, HY; Jin, SJ; Kim, MJ; Kim, YH; Lim, HS; Lim, J; Noh, YH; Sung, HR, 2012)		0.9
"Following multiple-dose coadministration of high doses of telmisartan and S-amlodipine, the steady-state pharmacokinetic properties of telmisartan were not significantly affected, and telmisartan had no significant effect on the pharmacokinetic properties of S-amlodipine at steady state in these selected groups of healthy volunteers."( Pharmacokinetic interaction of telmisartan with s-amlodipine: an open-label, two-period crossover study in healthy Korean male volunteers.
Bae, KS; Choi, HY; Jin, SJ; Kim, MJ; Kim, YH; Lim, HS; Lim, J; Noh, YH; Sung, HR, 2012)		0.91
" The research was aimed to improve solubility and reduce in vivo variability in pharmacokinetic parameters of TEL irrespective to physiological pH conditions."( Amorphous ternary cyclodextrin nanocomposites of telmisartan for oral drug delivery: improved solubility and reduced pharmacokinetic variability.
Sangwai, M; Vavia, P, 2013)		0.64
" CYP2C9 variants were associated only with losartan pharmacokinetics: the half-life of losartan was higher in CYP2C9*3 allele carriers (3."( Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
Abad-Santos, F; Cabaleiro, T; López-Rodríguez, R; Novalbos, J; Ochoa, D; Prieto-Pérez, R; Román, M; Talegón, M; Wojnicz, A, 2013)		0.39
"In this study, we investigated pharmacokinetic drug interactions of clopidogrel with P-gp inhibitors in rats and dogs."( Pharmacokinetic interactions of clopidogrel with quercetin, telmisartan, and cyclosporine A in rats and dogs.
Lee, JH; Lee, YJ; Oh, JH; Shin, YJ, 2012)		0.62
"The 90% confidence intervals for the test/reference ratio of the pharmacokinetic parameters in fasting state (mean Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞) were within the acceptable range of 80."( A comparative pharmacokinetic study of a fixed dose combination for essential hypertensive patients: a randomized crossover study in healthy human volunteers.
Biswas, E; Choudhury, H; Ghosh, B; Gorain, B; Halder, D; Pal, TK; Sarkar, AK; Sarkar, P, 2013)		0.39
" The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of typical ARBs in the dog."( Pharmacokinetics of angiotensin II receptor blockers in the dog following a single oral administration.
Baek, IH; Kwon, KI; Lee, BY; Lee, ES, 2013)		0.39
" The current pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model was based on the non-competitive pharmacodynamic interaction of two drugs acting on different physiological processes."( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model of the antihypertensive interaction between telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Chen, Y; Hao, K; Liu, X; Zhao, X, 2014)		0.63
" The noncompetitive pharmacodynamic interaction assumed that the decreased blood pressure was attributed to the inhibitory function of telmisartan and stimulatory function of hydrochlorothiazide after administration of these two drugs."( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model of the antihypertensive interaction between telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Chen, Y; Hao, K; Liu, X; Zhao, X, 2014)		0.83
" However, the nature of the pharmacokinetic interaction between the 2 drugs is not clearly understood."( Pharmacokinetic interaction between rosuvastatin and telmisartan in healthy Korean male volunteers: a randomized, open-label, two-period, crossover, multiple-dose study.
Guk, J; Jang, SB; Kim, Y; Lee, D; Nam, SY; Park, K; Roh, H; Son, H; Son, M, 2014)		0.65
"A previously developed physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for hepatic transporter substrates was extended to an organic anion transporting polypeptide substrate, telmisartan."( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic prediction of telmisartan in human.
Barton, HA; Ghosh, A; Kimoto, E; Li, R; Maurer, TS, 2014)		0.85
" Primary pharmacokinetic parameters were Cmax, AUClast, and AUC0-∞ of telmisartan, rosuvastatin, and N-desmethyl rosuvastatin."( Pharmacokinetics of a telmisartan/rosuvastatin fixed-dose combination: a single-dose, randomized, open-label, 2-period crossover study in healthy Korean subjects.
Chae, DW; Jang, SB; Kim, Y; Nam, SY; Park, K; Seo, JM; Son, H; Son, M, 2015)		0.97
" The synergistic antihypertensive pharmacodynamic interaction between telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide was observed, which was simulated by the inhibitory function of telmisartan and stimulatory function of hydrochlorothiazide after co-administration of the two drugs."( The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model of telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide on blood pressure and plasma potassium after long-term administration in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Chen, Y; Hao, K; Yu, D, 2015)		0.91
" Therefore, pharmacokinetic drug interactions are an important issue in combination therapy for hypertension."( Evaluation of a Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Telmisartan and Chlorthalidone in Healthy Male Adult Subjects.
Gwon, MR; Kang, WY; Kim, BK; Kim, HJ; Lee, HW; Lee, J; Lim, MS; Ohk, B; Seong, SJ; Yang, DH; Yoon, YR, 2016)		0.68
"Thus, in this study, there was no significant pharmacokinetic interaction between telmisartan and chlorthalidone."( Evaluation of a Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Telmisartan and Chlorthalidone in Healthy Male Adult Subjects.
Gwon, MR; Kang, WY; Kim, BK; Kim, HJ; Lee, HW; Lee, J; Lim, MS; Ohk, B; Seong, SJ; Yang, DH; Yoon, YR, 2016)		0.91
" However, the pharmacokinetic interactions among these 3 substances are not well understood."( Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Rosuvastatin, Telmisartan, and Amlodipine in Healthy Male Korean Subjects: A Randomized, Open-label, Multiple-dose, 2-period Crossover Study.
Guk, J; Heo, YA; Kim, Y; Park, K; Soh, D; Son, M; Woo Chae, D, 2016)		0.69
" Pharmacokinetic samples were collected up to 72 hours after the last dose in subjects who received rosuvastatin only, and up to 144 hours after the last dose in subjects who received telmisartan/amlodipine with or without rosuvastatin."( Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Rosuvastatin, Telmisartan, and Amlodipine in Healthy Male Korean Subjects: A Randomized, Open-label, Multiple-dose, 2-period Crossover Study.
Guk, J; Heo, YA; Kim, Y; Park, K; Soh, D; Son, M; Woo Chae, D, 2016)		0.88
"These results demonstrate that when rosuvastatin, telmisartan, and amlodipine are coadministered to healthy male subjects, pharmacokinetic exposure increases with respect to rosuvastatin and telmisartan, whereas no change occurs with respect to amlodipine."( Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Rosuvastatin, Telmisartan, and Amlodipine in Healthy Male Korean Subjects: A Randomized, Open-label, Multiple-dose, 2-period Crossover Study.
Guk, J; Heo, YA; Kim, Y; Park, K; Soh, D; Son, M; Woo Chae, D, 2016)		0.94
"To investigate the pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction between telmisartan (Tel) and pitavastatin (Pit), a rapid and sensitive ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric assay method had been successfully established and fully validated for the simultaneous quantification of Tel and Pit in rat plasma."( Simultaneous determination of telmisartan and pitavastatin in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS: Application to pharmacokinetic interaction study.
Chen, X; Fang, D; Fu, C; Gu, Y; Jian, Z; Jiang, C; Liu, J; Song, X; Tang, M; Xu, B; Yang, J; Zhang, Z, 2016)		0.97
" The aim of this research was to experimentally evaluate the pharmacokinetic interaction of pioglitazone and telmisartan when are coadministered in rat."( Assessment of preclinical pharmacokinetics and acute toxicity of pioglitazone and telmisartan combination.
Chatterjee, B; Pal, TK; Sengupta, P, 2017)		0.89
"This study compared the pharmacokinetic (PK) and safety profiles of a fixed-dose combination (FDC) formulation of telmisartan and S-amlodipine with those of concomitant administration of the two drugs."( Comparative pharmacokinetics of a fixed-dose combination vs concomitant administration of telmisartan and S-amlodipine in healthy adult volunteers.
Choi, YK; Ghim, JL; Kim, EY; Oh, M; Park, SE; Shim, EJ; Shin, JG, 2017)		0.89
" In this study, we aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model to quantify the effects of gender and UGT1A1 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of telmisartan."( Effects of UGT1A1 Polymorphism, Gender and Triglyceride on the Pharmacokinetics of Telmisartan in Chinese Patients with Hypertension: A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis.
Guo, CX; Huang, J; Huang, L; Liu, SK; Pei, Q; Tan, HY; Yang, GP; Yang, L; Zuo, XC, 2019)		0.93
"Population pharmacokinetic analyses were performed using data collected prospectively from 58 Chinese patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (aged 45-72 years; 36 men, 22 women) receiving 80 mg/day telmisartan orally for 4 weeks."( Effects of UGT1A1 Polymorphism, Gender and Triglyceride on the Pharmacokinetics of Telmisartan in Chinese Patients with Hypertension: A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis.
Guo, CX; Huang, J; Huang, L; Liu, SK; Pei, Q; Tan, HY; Yang, GP; Yang, L; Zuo, XC, 2019)		0.93
"A two-compartment pharmacokinetic structural model with first-order elimination and absorption best described the pharmacokinetic characteristics of telmisartan."( Effects of UGT1A1 Polymorphism, Gender and Triglyceride on the Pharmacokinetics of Telmisartan in Chinese Patients with Hypertension: A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis.
Guo, CX; Huang, J; Huang, L; Liu, SK; Pei, Q; Tan, HY; Yang, GP; Yang, L; Zuo, XC, 2019)		0.94
" Our findings can provide relevant pharmacokinetic parameters for further study of telmisartan."( Effects of UGT1A1 Polymorphism, Gender and Triglyceride on the Pharmacokinetics of Telmisartan in Chinese Patients with Hypertension: A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis.
Guo, CX; Huang, J; Huang, L; Liu, SK; Pei, Q; Tan, HY; Yang, GP; Yang, L; Zuo, XC, 2019)		0.96
" The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic interaction between telmisartan/amlodipine fixed dose combination and rosuvastatin in healthy Korean male volunteers."( Pharmacokinetic interactions between telmisartan/amlodipine and rosuvastatin after multiple oral administrations in healthy Korean male subjects.
Jang, K; Jeon, JY; Kim, MG; Lim, Y; Moon, SJ; Yu, KS, 2019)		1.01
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of telmisartan/amlodipine, but not rosuvastatin, met the pharmacokinetic equivalent criteria."( Pharmacokinetic interactions between telmisartan/amlodipine and rosuvastatin after multiple oral administrations in healthy Korean male subjects.
Jang, K; Jeon, JY; Kim, MG; Lim, Y; Moon, SJ; Yu, KS, 2019)		1.07
" The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic interaction among telmisartan, amlodipine, and hydrochlorothiazide."( Pharmacokinetic Interaction Among Telmisartan, Amlodipine, and Hydrochlorothiazide After a Single Oral Administration in Healthy Male Subjects.
Jeon, JY; Kim, MG; Moon, SJ; Yu, KS, 2019)		1.02
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of telmisartan, amlodipine, and hydrochlorothiazide when administered separately or co-administered were compared, and all the parameters met the criteria for pharmacokinetic equivalence."( Pharmacokinetic Interaction Among Telmisartan, Amlodipine, and Hydrochlorothiazide After a Single Oral Administration in Healthy Male Subjects.
Jeon, JY; Kim, MG; Moon, SJ; Yu, KS, 2019)		1.07
"To investigate how variability in multiple pharmacokinetic genes associates with telmisartan exposure, we determined telmisartan single-dose (40 mg) pharmacokinetics and sequenced 379 genes in 188 healthy volunteers."( UGT1A3 and Sex Are Major Determinants of Telmisartan Pharmacokinetics-A Comprehensive Pharmacogenomic Study.
Backman, JT; Hirvensalo, P; Launiainen, T; Neuvonen, M; Niemi, M; Paile-Hyvärinen, M; Tapaninen, T; Tornio, A, 2020)		1.05
" Values for total clearance of compounds from plasma should be one of the most important pharmacokinetic parameters for predictions."( Predicted values for human total clearance of a variety of typical compounds with differently humanized-liver mouse plasma data.
Ito, S; Iwamoto, K; Kamimura, H; Mizunaga, M; Nakayama, K; Negoro, T; Nishiwaki, M; Nomura, Y; Suemizu, H; Yamazaki, H; Yoneda, N, 2020)		0.56
" However, the pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction among these therapeutic drugs has not been clearly reported."( Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Telmisartan and Rosuvastatin/Ezetimibe After Multiple Oral Administration in Healthy Subjects.
Kang, SI; Kim, CH; Shin, D, 2021)		0.9
"To evaluate the pharmacokinetic interactions among rosuvastatin, ezetimibe, and telmisartan, a randomized, open-label, 3-period, 6-sequence crossover study was conducted in healthy subjects."( Pharmacokinetic Interaction Among Ezetimibe, Rosuvastatin, and Telmisartan.
Huh, KY; Jang, IJ; Kim, KT; Lee, S; Lee, SB; Lee, SW, 2021)		1.09
" The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the non-compartmental model."( Evaluation of influence of telmisartan on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of canagliflozin in rats and mice.
Ding, CY; Dong, ZJ; Li, Y; Meng, L; Wang, XN, 2021)		0.92
"A pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction between telmisartan and canagliflozin might occur during drug co-administration."( Evaluation of influence of telmisartan on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of canagliflozin in rats and mice.
Ding, CY; Dong, ZJ; Li, Y; Meng, L; Wang, XN, 2021)		1.17
" Iontophoresis was used to increase maximum plasma concentration and reduce Tmax by half."( Transdermal Delivery of Telmisartan: Formulation, in vitro, ex vivo, Iontophoretic Permeation Enhancement and Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study in Rats.
Abdelmonem, R; Adel, YA; El-Nabarawi, MA; El-Nawawy, TM; Teaima, M, 2021)		0.93
" In this study, a simple ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous determination of lenvatinib and telmisartan, and it was applied to the pharmacokinetic drug interaction study."( A Simple UPLC/MS-MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Lenvatinib and Telmisartan in Rat Plasma, and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interaction Study.
Cui, Y; Dong, Z; Fan, L; Fu, Y; He, X; Li, X; Li, Y, 2022)		1.15

Compound-Compound Interactions

The Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination With Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET) in patients with vascular disease or high-risk diabetes. It is the largest published comparative trial of these agent classes. Hypertensive patients (clinic blood pressure [BP] ≥ 140/90 mmHg) received tel Misartan 40 or 80 mg.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET) program will compare the efficacy of the angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) telmisartan, the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor ramipril, and combination therapy with telmisartan plus ramipril for reducing cardiovascular risk."( The ongoing telmisartan alone and in combination with ramipril global endpoint trial program.
Unger, T, 2003)		1.07
" The Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global End point Trial (ONTARGET) programme consists of two parallel trials where ONTARGET as a large, long-term study compares the efficacy of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist, telmisartan, the renin-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, ramipril and combination therapy with telmisartan plus ramipril for reducing cardiovascular and cerebral risk."( Challenges in improving prognosis and therapy: the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global End point Trial programme.
Unger, T; Zimmermann, M, 2004)		0.94
" Currently, there is uncertainty about the role of ARBs when used alone or in combination with an ACE inhibitor in high-risk populations with controlled hypertension."( Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of 2 large, simple, randomized trials evaluating telmisartan, ramipril, and their combination in high-risk patients: the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial/Telmi
Anderson, C; Hilbrich, L; Mookadam, F; Pogue, J; Ramos, B; Schumacher, H; Sleight, P; Teo, K; Yusuf, S, 2004)		0.54
"Primary objectives of the ONgoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET) are to determine if the combination of the ARB telmisartan and the ACE inhibitor ramipril is more effective than ramipril alone, and if telmisartan is at least as effective as ramipril."( Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of 2 large, simple, randomized trials evaluating telmisartan, ramipril, and their combination in high-risk patients: the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial/Telmi
Anderson, C; Hilbrich, L; Mookadam, F; Pogue, J; Ramos, B; Schumacher, H; Sleight, P; Teo, K; Yusuf, S, 2004)		0.82
"To study the effects and the possible mechanism of Tangshenling (TSL) combined with telmisartan on early diabetic nephropathy (DN)."( [Clinical study on treatment of early diabetic nephropathy by tangshenling combined with telmisartan].
He, XL; Li, JP; Li, Q, 2006)		0.78
"To attain recent goals of blood pressure (BP) control, multiple drug therapy combinations are required, including higher doses of thiazide diuretics in combination with other classes of antihypertensive drug therapy."( Effects of the angiotensin II receptor blockers telmisartan vs valsartan in combination with hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg once daily for the treatment of hypertension.
Davidai, G; Koval, SE; Murwin, D; Neutel, JM; Punzi, HA; White, WB, 2006)		0.59
"In 2004-2005, the antihypertensive effects of telmisartan 80 mg versus valsartan 160 mg combined with hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg were assessed in a large placebo-controlled trial in patients with stages 1 and 2 hypertension and demonstrated that both agents were highly effective in lowering blood pressure (BP) compared with placebo and that telmisartan lowered BP significantly greater than valsartan."( Effects of the angiotensin II receptor blockers telmisartan versus valsartan in combination with hydrochlorothiazide: a large, confirmatory trial.
Chrysant, SG; Davidai, G; Guthrie, R; Koval, SE; Murwin, D; White, WB, 2008)		0.86
" These results show that higher-dose thiazide diuretic in combination with T80 in patients with hypertension uncontrolled by T80/H12."( Results of increasing doses of hydrochlorothiazide in combination with an angiotensin receptor blocker in patients with uncontrolled hypertension.
Edwards, C; Neldam, S, 2008)		0.35
"The recently published Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination With Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET) in patients with vascular disease or high-risk diabetes, as the largest published comparative trial of these agent classes, provides further evidence concerning the comparison between the angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)."( Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination With Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET): implications for reduced cardiovascular risk.
Amsterdam, EA; Liebson, PR, 2009)		1.07
"The antihypertensive effects of telmisartan 80 mg versus valsartan 160 mg, both combined with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 25 mg, were assessed in a pooled analysis from two large trials with identical study designs in patients with stage 1-2 hypertension."( Impact of angiotensin receptor blockade in combination with hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg in 2121 patients with stage 1-2 hypertension.
Davidai, G; Schumacher, H; White, WB, 2009)		0.64
" We analysed the impact of BP on cardiovascular events in well treated high-risk patients enrolled in a large clinical trial (Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial)."( Prognostic value of blood pressure in patients with high vascular risk in the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial study.
Böhm, M; Fagard, R; Gao, P; Koon, T; Mancia, G; Pogue, J; Redon, J; Schumacher, H; Sleight, P; Verdecchia, P; Weber, M; Williams, B; Yusuf, S, 2009)		0.78
"In the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination With Ramipril Global End Point Trial (ONTARGET), patients at high vascular risk and tolerant of ACE inhibitors were randomly assigned to ramipril, telmisartan, or their combination (n=23 165)."( Effects of telmisartan, ramipril, and their combination on left ventricular hypertrophy in individuals at high vascular risk in the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination With Ramipril Global End Point Trial and the Telmisartan Randomized Assessment
Chen, JH; Fagard, R; Gao, P; Jansky, P; Jennings, G; Kim, JH; Liu, L; Mancia, G; Probstfield, J; Schmieder, RE; Sleight, P; Teo, K; Trimarco, B; Verdecchia, P; Yusuf, S, 2009)		1.1
"The ONgoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET) showed that the angiotensin receptor blocker telmisartan 80 mg was not inferior to the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril 10 mg, and the combination no more effective than ramipril alone, in decreasing morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease or high-risk diabetes."( Left ventricular mass and volume with telmisartan, ramipril, or combination in patients with previous atherosclerotic events or with diabetes mellitus (from the ONgoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination With Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial [ONTARGET]).
Anderson, C; Cowan, BR; Doughty, RN; Jennings, GL; Krittayaphong, R; Lonn, E; Marwick, TH; Reid, CM; Sanderson, JE; Schmieder, RE; Teo, K; Wadham, AK; Worthley, SG; Young, AA; Yu, CM; Yusuf, S, 2009)		1
" In the treatment group, fenofibrate alone and in combination with telmisartan was administered 2 weeks prior to renal ischemia."( Role of fenofibrate alone and in combination with telmisartan on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Bhalodia, Y; Jivani, N; Sheth, N; Vaghasiya, J, 2010)		0.85
"In patients with hypertension and metabolic syndrome, manidipine, both alone and in combination with the ACE inhibitor lisinopril, is significantly superior to amlodipine for improving insulin sensitivity as well as several metabolic, inflammatory and prothrombotic markers."( Effects of manidipine and its combination with an ACE inhibitor on insulin sensitivity and metabolic, inflammatory and prothrombotic markers in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome: the MARCADOR study.
Comi-Diaz, C; Macias-Batista, A; Martinez-Martin, FJ; Pedrianes-Martin, P; Rodriguez-Rosas, H; Soriano-Perera, P, 2011)		0.37
" We investigated the CV and renal benefits associated with these BP targets in the high-CV-risk population of the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination With Ramipril Global End Point Trial (ONTARGET)."( Blood pressure targets recommended by guidelines and incidence of cardiovascular and renal events in the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination With Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET).
Jennings, G; Liu, GL; Mancia, G; Redon, J; Ryden, L; Schmieder, R; Schumacher, H; Sleight, P; Teo, K; Verdecchia, P; Yusoff, K; Yusuf, S, 2011)		0.79
"We sought to determine whether the blood pressure (BP) levels at which cardiovascular (CV) protection is achieved differ between diabetic and nondiabetic patients from the ONTARGET (ONgoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial)."( Safety and efficacy of low blood pressures among patients with diabetes: subgroup analyses from the ONTARGET (ONgoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial).
Böhm, M; Fagard, R; Gao, P; Mancia, G; Pogue, J; Redon, J; Schumacher, H; Sleight, P; Teo, K; Verdecchia, P; Weber, M; Williams, B; Yusoff, K; Yusuf, S, 2012)		0.78
" New-onset atrial fibrillation was a prespecified secondary objective of the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination With Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET)/Telmisartan Randomized AssessmeNt Study in ACE iNtolerant subjects with cardiovascular Disease (TRANSCEND) studies."( Blood pressure and other determinants of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients at high cardiovascular risk in the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination With Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial/Telmisartan Randomized AssessmeNt Study in ACE iNtoleran
Binbrek, AS; Chazova, I; Dagenais, G; Dans, AL; Ferreira, R; Gao, P; Healey, J; Holwerda, N; Iacobellis, G; Karatzas, N; Keltai, M; Mancia, G; Sleight, P; Teo, K; Verdecchia, P; Yusuf, S, 2012)		0.81
"The hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) influence the pharmacokinetics of several drug classes and are involved in many clinical drug-drug interactions."( Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
Artursson, P; Haglund, U; Karlgren, M; Kimoto, E; Lai, Y; Norinder, U; Vildhede, A; Wisniewski, JR, 2012)		0.38
" PubMed searches were conducted to identify randomized trials (n = 14) comparing the two agents, alone or combined with hydrochlorothiazide."( Telmisartan or valsartan alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide: a review.
Lacourcière, Y, 2013)		1.83
"In the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial, telmisartan (T; 80 mg daily) and ramipril (R; 10 mg daily) caused similar clinic blood pressure (BP) reductions, with a similar incidence of cardiovascular and renal events."( Ambulatory blood pressure values in the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET).
Bilo, G; Czuriga, I; Fagard, R; Gao, P; Mancia, G; Parati, G; Polák, M; Redon, J; Ribeiro, JM; Sanchez, R; Sleight, P; Teo, K; Trimarco, B; van Mieghem, W; Verdecchia, P; Yusuf, S, 2012)		0.99
" Hypertensive patients (clinic blood pressure [BP] ≥ 140/90 mmHg) received telmisartan 40 or 80 mg either alone or in combination with HCTZ 12."( The effects of telmisartan alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide on morning home blood pressure control: the SURGE 2 practice-based study.
Bilo, G; Parati, G; Redon, J, 2013)		0.97
"The results of investigations had showed the high efficiency of the combination of atorvastatin with telmisartan in patients with arterial hypertension combined with obesity and NAFLD."( Combined effect of appointment telmisartan and atorvastatin on hemodynamic indicators and the indicators of lipid profile in patients with arterial hypertension combined with obesity and steatohepatitis.
Bochar, OM, 2014)		0.9
" The present randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter clinical study evaluated the efficacy and safety of telmisartan combined with the antioxidant probucol in reducing urinary protein levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D)."( Telmisartan combined with probucol effectively reduces urinary protein in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter clinical study.
Cai, G; Chen, X; Guan, X; Li, J; Li, W; Liu, M; Liu, W; Liu, Y; Lun, L; Wang, Y; Wu, H; Yao, H; Yin, S; Zhang, J; Zheng, Y; Zhou, C; Zhu, H; Zhuang, X, 2016)		2.09
"In patients with diabetic nephropathy, probucol combined with telmisartan more effectively reduces urinary protein levels than telmisartan alone."( Telmisartan combined with probucol effectively reduces urinary protein in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter clinical study.
Cai, G; Chen, X; Guan, X; Li, J; Li, W; Liu, M; Liu, W; Liu, Y; Lun, L; Wang, Y; Wu, H; Yao, H; Yin, S; Zhang, J; Zheng, Y; Zhou, C; Zhu, H; Zhuang, X, 2016)		2.12
"The impact of OATP drug uptake transporters in drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is increasingly recognized."( Preclinical Mouse Models To Study Human OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions in Vivo.
Durmus, S; Lozano-Mena, G; Schinkel, AH; van Esch, A; van Tellingen, O; Wagenaar, E, 2015)		0.42
") was also administered along with 5-FU."( Evaluation of role of telmisartan in combination with 5-fluorouracil in gastric cancer cachexia.
Patel, BM; Patel, HJ; Sukumaran, S, 2016)		0.75
"The present study deals with the application of mechanochemical approach for the preparation of drug-drug multicomponent solid forms of three poorly soluble antihypertensive drugs (telmisartan, irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide) using atenolol as a coformer."( Drug-Drug Multicomponent Solid Forms: Cocrystal, Coamorphous and Eutectic of Three Poorly Soluble Antihypertensive Drugs Using Mechanochemical Approach.
Chadha, R; Haneef, J, 2017)		0.65
" The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of telmisartan administration either alone or in combination with etanercept on anemia of chronic inflammatory diseases in a model of rheumatoid arthritis in rats."( Telmisartan alone or in combination with etanercept improves anemia associated with rheumatoid arthritis in rats: a possible role of anti-inflammatory and reno-protective effects.
Hasanin, AH; Mohamed, RH, 2020)		2.24
" Telmisartan either alone or in combination with etanercept significantly improved arthritis and erythrocyte indices."( Telmisartan alone or in combination with etanercept improves anemia associated with rheumatoid arthritis in rats: a possible role of anti-inflammatory and reno-protective effects.
Hasanin, AH; Mohamed, RH, 2020)		2.91
" During the next 12 weeks, they took olmesartan (1st group) or telmisartan (2nd group) in combination with atorvastatin."( The effect of therapy with olmesartan or telmisartan in patients with arterial hypertension combined with obesity.
Bazylevych, AY; Bochar, OM; Bochar, VT; Faynyk, AF; Kuzminov, YB; Sklyarova, HY, 2020)		1.06
" After treatment with olmesartan in combination with atorvastatin, the adiponectin content in the blood increased by 41."( The effect of therapy with olmesartan or telmisartan in patients with arterial hypertension combined with obesity.
Bazylevych, AY; Bochar, OM; Bochar, VT; Faynyk, AF; Kuzminov, YB; Sklyarova, HY, 2020)		0.82
" The results of this study showed benefit of additive statin therapy in hypertensive patients combined with dyslipidemia."( Central blood pressure lowering effect of telmisartan-rosuvastatin single-pill combination in hypertensive patients combined with dyslipidemia: A pilot study.
Choi, J; Ihm, SH; Kim, JY; Kwon, SU; Lee, HY; Park, SH; Park, SW; Sung, KC; Yoon, CH, 2021)		0.89
" In this work, we have demonstrated the preparation of a drug-drug cocrystal of a hypertension drug (Telmisartan; TEL) with a hyperuricemia drug (Febuxostat; FEB) in 1:1 molar ratio using a solvent evaporation method for the first time."( A new Febuxostat-Telmisartan Drug-Drug Cocrystal for Gout-Hypertension Combination Therapy.
Allada, R; Ann, EYC; Ganesan, T; Ghosal, S; Kwok, J; Muthudoss, P; Omar, MF; See, HH; Shahnawaz, SS; Voguri, RS, 2022)		1.28

Bioavailability

The antihypertensive effect of telmisartan and its influence on blood pressure variability (BPV) were enhanced. The bioavailability of caffeic acid and ferulic acid was improved.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" In contrast, analogous substitution of the benzimidazole moiety with basic heterocycles resulted in potent AII antagonists which were also well absorbed after oral application."( 6-Substituted benzimidazoles as new nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists: synthesis, biological activity, and structure-activity relationships.
Entzeroth, M; Hasselbach, KM; Hauel, NH; Mihm, G; Narr, B; Ries, UJ; van Meel, JC; Wienen, W; Wittneben, H, 1993)		0.29
" Absolute bioavailability was 43%."( Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of intravenously and orally administered [14C]telmisartan in healthy volunteers.
Jonkman, JH; Peeters, PA; Schmid, J; Sollie, FA; Stangier, J; Switek, H; Tamminga, WJ; Türck, D; van Marle, SP; Verhagen, A, 2000)		0.53
" In conclusion, the results of this study strongly suggest that concomitant treatment with nisoldipine enhances telmisartan bioavailability in hypertensive individuals."( Pharmacokinetics of oral doses of telmisartan and nisoldipine, given alone and in combination, in patients with essential hypertension.
Appel, D; Bajcetic, M; Benndorf, RA; Böger, RH; Maas, R; Riekhof, D; Schulze, F; Schwedhelm, E, 2007)		0.83
" So the rate of dissolution and therefore its bioavailability is less (bioavailability 42%)."( Immediate release tablets of telmisartan using superdisintegrant-formulation, evaluation and stability studies.
Chellan, VR; Sekar, V, 2008)		0.64
"In addition to a class effect of ARBs, telmisartan may have additional effects on nitric oxide bioavailability and atherosclerotic change through its PPAR gamma-mediated effects in genetically hyperlipidemic rabbits."( Effects of telmisartan, a unique angiotensin receptor blocker with selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-modulating activity, on nitric oxide bioavailability and atherosclerotic change.
Akasaka, T; Goto, M; Ikejima, H; Imanishi, T; Kobayashi, K; Kuroi, A; Mochizuki, S; Muragaki, Y; Shiomi, M; Tsujioka, H; Yoshida, K, 2008)		1.01
"Oral bioavailability (F) is a product of fraction absorbed (Fa), fraction escaping gut-wall elimination (Fg), and fraction escaping hepatic elimination (Fh)."( Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
Chang, G; El-Kattan, A; Miller, HR; Obach, RS; Rotter, C; Steyn, SJ; Troutman, MD; Varma, MV, 2010)		0.36
"6 nM) with partial PPARγ agonism (EC(50) = 212 nM, 31% max) and oral bioavailability in rat."( Discovery of a series of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines with dual activity at angiotensin II type 1 receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ.
Bigge, CF; Casimiro-Garcia, A; Chen, J; Davis, JA; Dudley, DA; Edmunds, JJ; Ellis, T; Esmaeil, N; Filzen, GF; Flynn, D; Geyer, A; Heemstra, RJ; Jalaie, M; Ohren, JF; Ostroski, R; Schaum, RP; Stoner, C, 2011)		0.37
"After oral administration of [(11)C]TEL, systemic bioavailability and hepatic distribution of radioactivity increased non-linearly with dose."( Dynamic analysis of GI absorption and hepatic distribution processes of telmisartan in rats using positron emission tomography.
Hashidzume, Y; Kataoka, M; Katayama, Y; Masaoka, Y; Oh, H; Sakuma, S; Shingaki, T; Sugiyama, Y; Takashima, T; Wada, Y; Watanabe, Y; Yamashita, S, 2012)		0.61
"25, indicating that the extent of bioavailability of S-amlodipine was not affected by telmisartan."( Pharmacokinetic interaction of telmisartan with s-amlodipine: an open-label, two-period crossover study in healthy Korean male volunteers.
Bae, KS; Choi, HY; Jin, SJ; Kim, MJ; Kim, YH; Lim, HS; Lim, J; Noh, YH; Sung, HR, 2012)		0.89
" Results of in vivo pharmacokinetic studies revealed that, nanocomposites effectively bypass variation in pharmacokinetic parameters at fed and fasted states with 346%, 315%, 301% and 321% increase in relative bioavailability compared to marketed formulation and pure TEL in fed and fasted conditions respectively."( Amorphous ternary cyclodextrin nanocomposites of telmisartan for oral drug delivery: improved solubility and reduced pharmacokinetic variability.
Sangwai, M; Vavia, P, 2013)		0.64
" A tenfold increase in bioavailability was evident."( Nanocrystallization by evaporative antisolvent technique for solubility and bioavailability enhancement of telmisartan.
Bajaj, A; Pardeshi, A; Rao, MR; Sali, D, 2012)		0.59
" Following the oral administration of clopidogrel with or without the P-gp inhibitors, quercetin (250 mg/kg), telmisartan (8 mg/kg), and cyclosporine A (10 mg/kg), in rats and dogs, the plasma concentration-time profiles of clopidogrel carboxylic acid, a surrogate marker for the bioavailability of clopidogrel, were determined."( Pharmacokinetic interactions of clopidogrel with quercetin, telmisartan, and cyclosporine A in rats and dogs.
Lee, JH; Lee, YJ; Oh, JH; Shin, YJ, 2012)		0.83
"The present study was undertaken to overcome the problems associated with solubility, dissolution and oral bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble ionizable drug, telmisartan (TMS)."( Fabrication and evaluation of pH-modulated solid dispersion for telmisartan by spray-drying technique.
Chi, SC; Cho, HJ; Choi, HG; Choi, YK; Kim, JO; Marasini, N; Poudel, BK; Tran, TH; Yong, CS, 2013)		0.82
"This study was aimed to investigate the relative bioavailability of fixed-dose-combination (FDC) product of amlodipine, telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide with individual marketed products in healthy male volunteers."( A comparative pharmacokinetic study of a fixed dose combination for essential hypertensive patients: a randomized crossover study in healthy human volunteers.
Biswas, E; Choudhury, H; Ghosh, B; Gorain, B; Halder, D; Pal, TK; Sarkar, AK; Sarkar, P, 2013)		0.6
"The authors investigated the relative bioavailability under a fasting state of the 3 drugs in a randomized, open-label, 2-treatment, 2-period, 2-sequence, crossover bioequivalence study with a washout period of 21 days."( A comparative pharmacokinetic study of a fixed dose combination for essential hypertensive patients: a randomized crossover study in healthy human volunteers.
Biswas, E; Choudhury, H; Ghosh, B; Gorain, B; Halder, D; Pal, TK; Sarkar, AK; Sarkar, P, 2013)		0.39
"To develop and optimize the novel self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) formulation for enhanced water solubility and bioavailability of telmisartan (TMS) using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) and desirability function."( Optimization of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for telmisartan using Box-Behnken design and desirability function.
Cho, HJ; Choi, HG; Kim, JH; Kim, JO; Lee, DW; Marasini, N; Poudel, BK; Ramasamy, T; Yong, CS; Yoo, BK, 2013)		0.83
" The optimized TMS-SMEDDS formulation showed faster drug dissolution rate and higher bioavailability than TMS powder."( Optimization of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for telmisartan using Box-Behnken design and desirability function.
Cho, HJ; Choi, HG; Kim, JH; Kim, JO; Lee, DW; Marasini, N; Poudel, BK; Ramasamy, T; Yong, CS; Yoo, BK, 2013)		0.63
" There is a recent interest to use pluronic for improving the solubility and bioavailability of these drugs."( A fluorescence study on the interaction of telmisartan in triblock polymers pluronic P123 and F127.
Mishra, AK; Mohanty, ME; Rao, VJ, 2014)		0.67
"Telmisartan (TEL) requires superior bioavailability in cancer cell compartments."( Telmisartan complex augments solubility, dissolution and drug delivery in prostate cancer cells.
Bhatia, RK; Chandra, R; Coutinho, EC; Jain, UK; Katare, OP; Kaur, M; Madan, J; Pissurlenkar, RR, 2014)		3.29
"25 μM, 40% max) with good oral bioavailability in rat."( Discovery of novel indazole derivatives as dual angiotensin II antagonists and partial PPARγ agonists.
Ancellin, N; Beneton, V; Faucher, N; Fouchet, MH; Grillot, D; Lamotte, Y; Martres, P; Nicodeme, E; Pineau, O; Saintillan, Y; Sançon, J; Sautet, S; Tousaint, JJ, 2014)		0.4
"9 µg/ml and hence oral bioavailability of 40%."( Study of effect of variables on particle size of telmisartan nanosuspensions using box-Behnken design.
Bajaj, A; Rao, MR, 2014)		0.66
" The results suggest that formation of aminoclay complex should be promising to enhance the bioavailability of a poorly soluble drug, TEL."( Improved pH-dependent drug release and oral exposure of telmisartan, a poorly soluble drug through the formation of drug-aminoclay complex.
Han, HK; Shao, Y; Yang, L, 2014)		0.65
"An early prediction of solubility in physiological media (PBS, SGF and SIF) is useful to predict qualitatively bioavailability and absorption of lead candidates."( Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility measurements in simulated fluids by 96-well plate method in early drug discovery.
Bharate, SS; Vishwakarma, RA, 2015)		0.42
"The aim of this study was to enhance the dissolution and bioavailability of telmisartan (TLM), a poorly water soluble drug by co-milling approach."( Co-milling of telmisartan with poly(vinyl alcohol)--An alkalinizer free green approach to ensure its bioavailability.
Ganguly, S; Ghosh, A; Isaac, J, 2016)		1.02
"According to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System, oral bioavailability of drugs is determined by their aqueous solubility and the ability of the dissolved drug molecules to permeate lipophilic biological membranes."( Evaluation of γ-cyclodextrin effect on permeation of lipophilic drugs: application of cellophane/fused octanol membrane.
Jansook, P; Loftsson, T; Muankaew, C, 2017)		0.46
"8 nm) showed very high physical stability, negligible hemolysis, 428% enhancement in bioavailability with significantly higher intratumoral uptake."( Tumor stromal disrupting agent enhances the anticancer efficacy of docetaxel loaded PEGylated liposomes in lung cancer.
Behl, G; Boakye, CH; Chowdhury, N; Doddapaneni, R; Patel, K; Singh, M, 2016)		0.43
" UGT1A1 (rs4124874) affected the bioavailability (F1) of telmisartan."( Effects of UGT1A1 Polymorphism, Gender and Triglyceride on the Pharmacokinetics of Telmisartan in Chinese Patients with Hypertension: A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis.
Guo, CX; Huang, J; Huang, L; Liu, SK; Pei, Q; Tan, HY; Yang, GP; Yang, L; Zuo, XC, 2019)		0.98
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51
" Moreover, the antihypertensive effect of telmisartan and its influence on blood pressure variability (BPV) were enhanced, and the bioavailability of caffeic acid and ferulic acid was improved."( Study on the Formation of Antihypertensive Twin Drugs by Caffeic Acid and Ferulic Acid with Telmisartan.
Li, P; Li, Z; Ma, Q; Peng, Y; Zhang, X, 2020)		1.04
"The synthesized twin drugs improved telmisartan's antihypertensive effects, significantly decreased BPV in SAD rats and increased the bioavailability of caffeic acid and ferulic acid."( Study on the Formation of Antihypertensive Twin Drugs by Caffeic Acid and Ferulic Acid with Telmisartan.
Li, P; Li, Z; Ma, Q; Peng, Y; Zhang, X, 2020)		1.05
"The results of this study suggested that the formulation of compressed tablets containing more stable proniosomal powder extended the release of TEL and increased its bioavailability as well."( Proniosomal Telmisartan Tablets: Formulation, in vitro Evaluation and in vivo Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study in Rabbits.
El-Nabarawi, MA; Helal, DA; Teaima, MH; Yasser, M, 2020)		0.94
"The effective permeability coefficient and the absorption rate constant of telmisartan were higher in the duodenum as compared to other intestinal segments."( Simultaneous Determination of Telmisartan and Pitavastatin Calcium in Intestinal Perfusate by HPLC: Application to Intestinal Absorption Interaction Study.
Fu, C; Liu, J; Song, X; Wang, J, 2020)		1.08
" This study aimed to compare the bioavailability of two 80 mg telmisartan tablets in healthy Indonesian subjects."( A bioequivalence study of two telmisartan 80 mg tablets in healthy Indonesian subjects: an open label, three-way, three-period, partial replicate crossover study.
Harahap, Y; Lusthom, W; Paramanindita, AS; Prasaja, B; Sandra, M; Sofiah, RE; Trisari, Y; Wijayanti, TR, 2020)		1.09
"The transethosomal formulation of telmisartan enhanced its transdermal absorption and increased its bioavailability as well."( Transdermal Delivery of Telmisartan: Formulation, in vitro, ex vivo, Iontophoretic Permeation Enhancement and Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study in Rats.
Abdelmonem, R; Adel, YA; El-Nabarawi, MA; El-Nawawy, TM; Teaima, M, 2021)		1.21
"The present work has been hypothesized by converting TS into nanocrystals by high shear homogenisation to enhance the solubility thereby the bioavailability is expected to get enhanced."( Guar gum based oral films for hypertensive urgencies.
Alagarsamy, S; Aravindaraj, N; Kandasamy, R; Krishnaswami, V; Suresh, J, 2022)		0.72
" However, its therapeutic activity is limited by poor bioavailability and unpredictable distribution."( Lactosylated Chitosan Nanoparticles Potentiate the Anticancer Effects of Telmisartan In Vitro and in a
El-Gizawy, SA; Essa, EA; Kira, AY; Nasr, M; Saber, S, 2023)		1.14

Dosage Studied

The data indicate that the usual antihypertensive dosage of telmisartan improves insulin resistance and changes adiponectin effect in patients with diabetes mellitus. The long elimination half-life of tel Misartan ensures the drug provides effective reductions in blood pressure (BP) across the 24-hour dosage interval.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" In 2 studies that used ambulatory BP monitoring, once daily telmisartan provided better control of diastolic BP for the full dosing interval than losartan potassium 50 mg or amlodipine 5 or 10 mg."( Telmisartan.
Markham, A; McClellan, KJ, 1998)		1.98
"A 26-week, multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group, dosage titration study."( Efficacy and safety of telmisartan, a selective AT1 receptor antagonist, compared with enalapril in elderly patients with primary hypertension. TEES Study Group.
Hermansson, K; Karlberg, BE; Lins, LE, 1999)		0.61
" The telmisartan dosage was increased from 20 to 40-80 mg and that of enalapril from 5 to 10-20 mg at 4-week intervals until trough supine diastolic blood pressure was < 90 mmHg."( Efficacy and safety of telmisartan, a selective AT1 receptor antagonist, compared with enalapril in elderly patients with primary hypertension. TEES Study Group.
Hermansson, K; Karlberg, BE; Lins, LE, 1999)		1.13
" Both regimens provided effective blood pressure lowering over the 24 h dosing interval, as determined by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring."( Efficacy and safety of telmisartan, a selective AT1 receptor antagonist, compared with enalapril in elderly patients with primary hypertension. TEES Study Group.
Hermansson, K; Karlberg, BE; Lins, LE, 1999)		0.61
" Dosage could be increased for both telmisartan (40 --> 80 --> 160 mg) and lisinopril (10 --> 20 --> 40 mg) at each of the first 2 monthly visits if DBP control (<90 mm Hg) had not been established."( Comparison of telmisartan with lisinopril in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension.
Frishman, WH; Guthrie, G; Neutel, JM; Oparil, S; Papademitriou, V, 1999)		0.94
"An optimal antihypertensive drug produces superior blood pressure-lowering effects at established dosages, with an acceptably low incidence of side effects, and at a dosage interval that is convenient for patients (ideally, once daily)."( Optimal dosing characteristics of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist telmisartan.
Meredith, PA, 1999)		0.54
" dosing to rats, telmisartan 1-O-acylglucuronide was rapidly cleared from plasma with a clearance of 180 ml/min/kg, compared with 15."( Disposition and chemical stability of telmisartan 1-O-acylglucuronide.
Beschke, K; Ebner, T; Heinzel, G; Prox, A; Wachsmuth, H, 1999)		0.91
"The aim of this study was to examine the acute hemodynamic and neurohormonal effects of the angiotensin II antagonist telmisartan relative to placebo in patients with chronic symptomatic (New York Heart Association class II to III) congestive heart failure and to explore the dose-response relation for these effects."( ARCTIC: assessment of haemodynamic response in patients with congestive heart failure to telmisartan: a multicentre dose-ranging study in Canada.
Arnold, JM; Azevedo, ER; Baird, MG; Butt, RW; Humen, DP; Moe, GW; Parker, AB; Parker, JD; Parker, JO; Smith, SJ, 1999)		0.73
" Telmisartan caused significant decreases in systemic arterial, pulmonary arterial, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures with evidence of a dose-response relation for each of these parameters."( ARCTIC: assessment of haemodynamic response in patients with congestive heart failure to telmisartan: a multicentre dose-ranging study in Canada.
Arnold, JM; Azevedo, ER; Baird, MG; Butt, RW; Humen, DP; Moe, GW; Parker, AB; Parker, JD; Parker, JO; Smith, SJ, 1999)		1.44
" Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) has emerged as an important method for evaluating the consistency of the antihypertensive effects of a drug throughout the dosing interval."( Use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to evaluate the selective angiotensin II receptor antagonist, telmisartan, and other antihypertensive drugs.
Neutel, JM, 2000)		0.52
" The long terminal elimination half-life makes telmisartan suitable for once-daily dosing and contributes to the sustained efficacy over the full 24-h dosing interval."( Pharmacokinetics of orally and intravenously administered telmisartan in healthy young and elderly volunteers and in hypertensive patients.
Roth, W; Stangier, J; Su, CA, )		0.63
"To compare the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of telmisartan 80 mg with valsartan 80 mg throughout a 24 h dosing interval."( A prospective, randomized, open-label trial comparing telmisartan 80 mg with valsartan 80 mg in patients with mild to moderate hypertension using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.
Dubiel, RF; Littlejohn, T; Marbury, T; Mroczek, W; VanderMaelen, CP, 2000)		0.8
"Telmisartan 80 mg once daily was superior to valsartan 80 mg once daily in reducing diastolic blood pressure during the last 6 h of the 24 h dosing interval."( A prospective, randomized, open-label trial comparing telmisartan 80 mg with valsartan 80 mg in patients with mild to moderate hypertension using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.
Dubiel, RF; Littlejohn, T; Marbury, T; Mroczek, W; VanderMaelen, CP, 2000)		2
" Blood was collected at intervals over 48 and 84 hours, respectively, at the end of the 7-day dosing period for the determination of plasma telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide concentrations by high-performance liquid chromatography."( Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of telmisartan and of hydrochlorothiazide following concurrent administration in healthy subjects.
Dias, VC; Stangier, J; Young, CL, 2000)		0.79
" In conclusion, the long half-life and excellent safety profile of telmisartan were unaffected by concurrent acetaminophen or ibuprofen medication; thus, once-daily dosing of telmisartan can be maintained, which may help to optimize patient compliance, and patients may self-administer concomitant acetaminophen or ibuprofen."( Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen and ibuprofen when coadministered with telmisartan in healthy volunteers.
Fraunhofer, A; Stangier, J; Su, CA; Tetzloff, W, 2000)		0.77
"This randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study evaluated the dose-response relationship of telmisartan in 207 patients with mild to moderate hypertension (diastolic blood pressure [DBP] 100 to 114 mmHg)."( Dose response and safety of telmisartan in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.
Kempthorne-Rawson, J; Matzek, KM; Smith, DH, 2000)		0.81
"The study was undertaken to assess the tolerability and antihypertensive dose-response efficacy of telmisartan and HCTZ and their combination in black patients with mild to moderate hypertension (mean supine blood pressure 140/95-200/114 mmHg)."( Combination treatment with telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide in black patients with mild to moderate hypertension.
McGill, JB; Reilly, PA, 2001)		0.82
" The importance of once-daily dosing is now fully acknowledged, but it is crucial that therapy when given once a day must be effective at the end of the dosing interval to order to minimize the likelihood of sudden cardiac death, myocardial infarction and stroke."( Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to assess the comparative efficacy and duration of action of a novel new angiotensin II receptor blocker--telmisartan.
Neutel, JM, 2001)		0.51
" It also examined the dose-response surface for the 2 drugs alone and in combination."( Telmisartan plus hydrochlorothiazide versus telmisartan or hydrochlorothiazide monotherapy in patients with mild to moderate hypertension: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial.
McGill, JB; Reilly, PA, 2001)		1.75
" Maximum blood pressure reduction occurred with a dosage of 40 to 80 mg/day."( Telmisartan: a review of its use in hypertension.
Goa, KL; Jarvis, B; Sharpe, M, 2001)		1.75
" The inhibitory effect of telmisartan 20, 40, and 80 mg, 48 h after dosing was significantly greater than that of placebo."( Inhibitory effect of telmisartan on the blood pressure response to angiotensin II challenge.
de Bruin, H; Jonkman, JH; Meinicke, T; Stangier, J; Su, CA; Tamminga, WJ; van Heiningen, PN; van Lier, JJ, 2001)		0.93
" Thus, it is reasonable to select an antihypertensive agent that offers smooth and well-sustained blood pressure control for the full 24-hour dosing interval, including the vulnerable early morning period."( The 24-hour blood pressure pattern: does it have implications for morbidity and mortality?
Weber, MA, 2002)		0.31
" Telmisartan (40, 80, and 120 mg) provided greater decreases in mean hourly systolic and diastolic blood pressure throughout the 24-hour dosing interval, including the last 4 hours of the dosing period, than amlodipine (5 and 10 mg)."( Comparative effects of telmisartan in the treatment of hypertension.
White, WB, )		1.35
" Mean changes in diastolic blood pressure for the last 6 hours before dosing and the nighttime period were significantly greater with telmisartan than with valsartan (p<0."( Comparison of telmisartan vs. valsartan in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.
Bakris, G, )		0.7
" Nevertheless, physicians are often reluctant to prescribe multiple anti-hypertensive drugs due to concerns over side-effects, inconvenient dosing regimens and costs."( A new fixed-dose combination for added blood pressure control: telmisartan plus hydrochlorothiazide.
Lacourcière, Y, )		0.37
" In those patients whose blood pressure (BP) levels were lower than 140/90mmHg, the same dosage was kept for an additional period of 6 weeks."( A multicenter, open-label study of the efficacy and safety of telmisartan in mild to moderate hypertensive patients.
Plavnik, FL; Ribeiro, AB, 2002)		0.56
" A subanalysis showed that 47 (35%) patients took telmisartan 40mg throughout the study and 81 (65%) had the dosage increased to 80mg daily."( A multicenter, open-label study of the efficacy and safety of telmisartan in mild to moderate hypertensive patients.
Plavnik, FL; Ribeiro, AB, 2002)		0.81
" The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in ambulatory DBP in the last 6 h of the 24-h dosing interval after 12 weeks' treatment."( ABPM comparison of the anti-hypertensive profiles of telmisartan and enalapril in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension.
Amerena, J; O'Shaughnessy, D; Ouellet, JP; Pappas, S; Williams, L, )		0.38
" During the last six hours of the dosing interval, telmisartan 40 mg/HCTZ 12."( Efficacy and tolerability of fixed-dose combinations of telmisartan plus HCTZ compared with losartan plus HCTZ in patients with essential hypertension.
Byrne, M; Gil-Extremera, B; Lacourcière, Y; Mueller, O; Williams, L, 2003)		0.82
" Both drugs provided effective control over the 24-h dosing interval."( Telmisartan vs losartan plus hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of mild-to-moderate essential hypertension--a randomised ABPM study.
Kolloch, RE; Meinicke, TW; Neutel, JM; Plouin, PF; Schumacher, H, 2003)		1.76
"To compare the ability of telmisartan and losartan to reduce mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during the last 6 h of the 24-h dosing interval in a prospectively planned meta-analysis of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) data from two independent studies."( Comparison of telmisartan versus losartan: meta-analysis of titration-to-response studies.
Cramer, MJ; Hettiarachchi, R; Koval, S; Neutel, JM; Smith, DH, 2003)		0.98
" During the last 6 h of the 24-h dosing interval, telmisartan produced greater reductions in each of the observed hourly mean ambulatory DBP values."( Comparison of telmisartan versus losartan: meta-analysis of titration-to-response studies.
Cramer, MJ; Hettiarachchi, R; Koval, S; Neutel, JM; Smith, DH, 2003)		0.93
"Telmisartan 40/80 mg is superior to losartan 50/100 mg in controlling DBP and SBP during the last 6 h of the 24-h dosing interval."( Comparison of telmisartan versus losartan: meta-analysis of titration-to-response studies.
Cramer, MJ; Hettiarachchi, R; Koval, S; Neutel, JM; Smith, DH, 2003)		2.12
" Telmisartan is a highly selective blocker of angiotensin II AT1 receptors ("sartans"); it is at least as effective as the classical antihypertensive agents; thanks to its half-life, the longest of all sartans', it provides adequate antihypertensive coverage throughout the whole 24-hour postdose interval and particularly over the last 6 hours of the dosage interval."( [Kinzalkomb, a fixed telmisartan-hydrochlorothiazide combination for the treatment of hypertension].
Kulbertus, H, 2003)		1.55
"This prospective, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, multicentre study assessed the adjunctive effect of telmisartan monotherapy versus placebo in controlling blood pressure during the last six hours of the 24-hour dosing period."( The adjunctive effect of telmisartan in patients with hypertension uncontrolled on current antihypertensive therapy.
Gil-Extremera, B; Harkin, N; Kalnins, U; Ma, PT; Williams, L; Yulde, J, 2003)		0.83
" The primary study end point was reduction in the BP in the early morning period (last 6 h of the dosing period)."( Effects of the angiotensin II receptor blockers telmisartan versus valsartan on the circadian variation of blood pressure: impact on the early morning period.
Davidai, G; Lacourciere, Y; White, WB, 2004)		0.58
"After the active dose, telmisartan reduced the BP during the last 6 h of the dosing period by -11/-7."( Effects of the angiotensin II receptor blockers telmisartan versus valsartan on the circadian variation of blood pressure: impact on the early morning period.
Davidai, G; Lacourciere, Y; White, WB, 2004)		0.89
"On a day of active therapy, telmisartan lowered both systolic and diastolic BP to a greater extent than valsartan for the last 6 h of the dosing interval."( Effects of the angiotensin II receptor blockers telmisartan versus valsartan on the circadian variation of blood pressure: impact on the early morning period.
Davidai, G; Lacourciere, Y; White, WB, 2004)		0.87
" Antihypertensive agents should sustain BP control, particularly in the last 6 h of the dosing interval or if dosing is missed."( Sustained antihypertensive activity of telmisartan compared with valsartan.
Davidai, G; Krzesinski, JM; Lacourcière, Y; Schumacher, H; White, WB, 2004)		0.59
"Due to its longer half-life, telmisartan offers more sustained BP control, especially at the end of the dosing period and provides sustained efficacy in poorly compliant patients in the event of a missed dose with a statistical superiority compared with valsartan."( Sustained antihypertensive activity of telmisartan compared with valsartan.
Davidai, G; Krzesinski, JM; Lacourcière, Y; Schumacher, H; White, WB, 2004)		0.88
" This multicentre, prospective, open-label trial was designed to determine whether or not once-daily telmisartan 80 mg reduced blood pressure during the last 6 h of the 24-h dosing interval in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension who were unresponsive to previous antihypertensive therapy."( Effect of telmisartan 80 mg once daily on 24-h blood pressure profile in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension failing to respond to prior antihypertensive therapy.
Arriaga, R; Bahena, J; Barrera, M; Bonilla, C; Estrella, M; Fernández, M; Fonseca, S; García Luna Viesca, MD; Lepe, L; Miranda, S; Olivares Ruiz, R; Parra Carrillo, JZ; Segovia, C, 2004)		0.94
" Evaluation of the 24-h profiles showed evidence for sustained pharmacodynamic effects of telmisartan over the entire dosing period."( Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the primary care setting: assessment of therapy on the circadian variation of blood pressure from the MICCAT-2 Trial.
Bakris, GL; Davidai, G; Giles, T; Neutel, JM; Weber, MA; White, WB, 2005)		0.55
"Four sensitive methods are described for the direct determination of telmisartan (TELM) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in combined dosage forms without prior separation."( Application of first-derivative, ratio derivative spectrophotometry, TLC-densitometry and spectrofluorimetry for the simultaneous determination of telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical dosage forms and plasma.
Abbas, SS; Bebawy, LI; Fattah, LA; Refaat, HH, 2005)		0.76
"To compare the efficacy and safety of once-daily telmisartan and ramipril on blood pressure (BP) reductions during the last 6 h of the dosing interval."( The prospective, randomized investigation of the safety and efficacy of telmisartan versus ramipril using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (PRISMA I).
Gosse, P; Harper, R; Lowe, L; Williams, B, 2006)		0.82
"Telmisartan was significantly more effective than ramipril in reducing BP throughout the 24-h dosing interval and particularly during the last 6 h, a time when patients appear to be at greatest risk of cerebro- and cardiovascular events."( The prospective, randomized investigation of the safety and efficacy of telmisartan versus ramipril using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (PRISMA I).
Gosse, P; Harper, R; Lowe, L; Williams, B, 2006)		2.01
" This suggests that, in patients with hypertension, it may be important to maintain the efficacy of antihypertensive medication over the 24-h dosing interval, especially in the risky early morning hours."( Telmisartan/Hydrochlorothiazide in comparison with losartan/hydrochlorothiazide in managing patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension.
Chrysant, SG; Littlejohn, TW; Neutel, JM; Singh, A, 2005)		1.77
" The primary end point was the reduction from baseline in mean ambulatory DBP over the last 6 hours of the dosing interval."( Comparison of fixed-dose combinations of telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide 40/12.5 mg and 80/12.5 mg and a fixed-dose combination of losartan/hydrochlorothiazide 50/12.5 mg in mild to moderate essential hypertension: pooled analysis of two multicenter, pros
Lacourcière, Y; Neutel, JM; Schumacher, H, 2005)		0.59
"5, including during the last 6 hours of the dosing interval."( Comparison of fixed-dose combinations of telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide 40/12.5 mg and 80/12.5 mg and a fixed-dose combination of losartan/hydrochlorothiazide 50/12.5 mg in mild to moderate essential hypertension: pooled analysis of two multicenter, pros
Lacourcière, Y; Neutel, JM; Schumacher, H, 2005)		0.59
" The long elimination half-life of telmisartan ensures the drug provides effective reductions in blood pressure (BP) across the entire 24-hour dosage interval."( Telmisartan: a review of its use in the management of hypertension.
Battershill, AJ; Scott, LJ, 2006)		2.05
" In a prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint, parallel-group, multicenter, forced-titration study of telmisartan and ramipril, the efficacy of both drugs on mean ambulatory diastolic BP (DBP) and systolic BP (SBP) during the last 6 h of a 24-h dosing interval was evaluated."( A multicenter, 14-week study of telmisartan and ramipril in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.
Davidai, G; Koval, S; Lacourcière, Y; Neutel, JM, 2006)		0.83
"Telmisartan 80 mg was consistently more effective than ramipril 10 mg in reducing both DBP and SBP during the last 6 h of the dosing interval, a measure of the early morning period when patients are at greatest risk of life-threatening cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events."( A multicenter, 14-week study of telmisartan and ramipril in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.
Davidai, G; Koval, S; Lacourcière, Y; Neutel, JM, 2006)		2.06
" Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring showed that telmisartan plus HCTZ (n=448) and amlodipine plus HCTZ (n=424) changed systolic blood pressure for the last 6 hours of the dosing interval by -18."( Telmisartan plus HCTZ vs. amlodipine plus HCTZ in older patients with systolic hypertension: results from a large ambulatory blood pressure monitoring study.
Edwards, C; Neldam, S, )		1.81
" Treatment with telmisartan dissolved in drinking water at a dosage of 5 mg/kg per day for 14 days attenuated the diet-induced weight gain without affecting food intake in diet-induced obese mice compared with controls using nontreated water."( Telmisartan prevents obesity and increases the expression of uncoupling protein 1 in diet-induced obese mice.
Araki, K; Kakuma, T; Katsuragi, I; Masaki, T; Tanaka, K; Yoshimatsu, H, 2006)		2.12
"To study the pharmacolkinetics of telmisartan in healthy Chinese male subjects after oral administration of two dosage levels, 36 healthy subjects were divided into two groups and given a single oral dose of 40 or 80 mg telmisartan (CAS 144701-48-4, MicardisPlus)."( Pharmacokinetics of telmisartan in healthy Chinese subjects after oral administration of two dosage levels.
Chen, X; Li, R; Yin, J; Zhang, P; Zhang, Y; Zhong, D, 2006)		0.94
" The regimen was started at low dose with an increase of dosage after 3 weeks of treatment."( Pharmacokinetics of oral doses of telmisartan and nisoldipine, given alone and in combination, in patients with essential hypertension.
Appel, D; Bajcetic, M; Benndorf, RA; Böger, RH; Maas, R; Riekhof, D; Schulze, F; Schwedhelm, E, 2007)		0.62
" Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) allows the automatic recording of the circadian variation in blood pressure and evaluation of the efficacy of antihypertensive medication throughout the dosing interval."( A review of telmisartan in the treatment of hypertension: blood pressure control in the early morning hours.
Gosse, P, 2006)		0.71
" Models were adjusted for demographic, clinical, physician, and hospital characteristics; models were also adjusted for dosage categories, which were represented by time-dependent variables."( Angiotensin II receptor blockers for the treatment of heart failure: a class effect?
Behlouli, H; Hudson, M; Humphries, K; Pilote, L; Sheppard, R; Tu, JV, 2007)		0.34
" Bedtime administration of telmisartan, however, was more efficient than morning dosing in reducing the nocturnal blood pressure mean."( Comparison of the efficacy of morning versus evening administration of telmisartan in essential hypertension.
Ayala, DE; Calvo, C; Fernández, JR; Hermida, RC, 2007)		0.87
" The suppression of urinary protein was statistically significant in surviving animals dosed with telmisartan."( Renoprotective effects of telmisartan in the 5/6 nephrectomised rats.
Chachin, M; Hayashi, N; Hayashi, T; Horie, Y; Konomi, A; Matsumaru, T; Ohmura, T; Seidler, R; Sumida, T; Tsunenari, I, 2007)		0.86
" The primary endpoint was change from baseline in mean ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP; DBP) during the last 6 hours of the 24-hour dosing interval."( Telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide versus valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide in obese hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes: the SMOOTH study.
Davidson, J; Koval, S; Lacourcière, Y; Sharma, AM, 2007)		1.78
"In high-risk, overweight/obese patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes, T/HCTZ provides significantly greater BP lowering versus V/HCTZ throughout the 24-hour dosing interval, particularly during the hazardous early morning hours."( Telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide versus valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide in obese hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes: the SMOOTH study.
Davidson, J; Koval, S; Lacourcière, Y; Sharma, AM, 2007)		1.78
" In the present study an attempt has been made to prepare immediate release tablets of telmisartan by using Polyplasdone XL-10 (Crosspovidone) at intragranular, extragranular and partly intra and extragranular level of addition to increase the rate of drug release from dosage form to increase the dissolution rate and hence its bioavailability."( Immediate release tablets of telmisartan using superdisintegrant-formulation, evaluation and stability studies.
Chellan, VR; Sekar, V, 2008)		0.86
"Telmisartan produces more effective control of blood pressure over 24 h, especially in the last 6 h of the dosing interval, compared with other antihypertensive agents."( Telmisartan in the treatment of hypertension.
Hendra, TJ; Rosario, BH, 2008)		3.23
"A simple, rapid, and precise method was developed for the quantitative simultaneous determination of telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide in combined pharmaceutical dosage form."( Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical preparation.
Rane, VP; Sangshetti, JN; Shinde, DB, )		0.58
" Ideally, antihypertensive therapy should maintain control of BP throughout the 24-h dosing cycle."( Antihypertensive efficacy of telmisartan vs ramipril over the 24-h dosing period, including the critical early morning hours: a pooled analysis of the PRISMA I and II randomized trials.
Gosse, P; Lacourcière, Y; Neutel, JM; Schumacher, H; Williams, B, 2009)		0.64
"An increased dosage of cilazapril (twice the maximum recommended dose) in addition to combination therapy with telmisartan was associated with increased blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, with no additional effect on proteinuria, markers of tubular injury or renal fibrosis."( Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system with high-dose angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor for nephroprotection: an open, controlled, randomized study.
Aleksandrowicz, E; Larczyński, W; Lysiak-Szydlowska, W; Renke, M; Rutkowski, B; Rutkowski, P; Tylicki, L, 2008)		0.56
" In clinical trials conducted in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension, the angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) telmisartan has been shown to provide reduction of blood pressure throughout the 24-h dosing interval."( Achieving blood pressure goals: should angiotensin II receptor blockers become first-line treatment in hypertension?
Weber, M, 2009)		0.56
"0 mg/kg dosage group compared with that of other dosage groups and vehicle group."( Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker telmisartan reduces cerebral infarct volume and peri-infarct cytosolic phospholipase A(2) level in experimental stroke.
Hori, T; Kawamata, T; Kobayashi, M; Kobayashi, T; Okada, Y; Shibata, N, 2009)		0.62
" This study examined whether this effect was observed in diabetes patients under the usual antihypertensive dosage of telmisartan treatment."( Alterations of insulin resistance and the serum adiponectin level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus under the usual antihypertensive dosage of telmisartan treatment.
Fujita, T; Fuke, Y; Matsumoto, K; Satomura, A; Wada, Y, 2010)		0.77
"The data indicate that the usual antihypertensive dosage of telmisartan improves insulin resistance and changes adiponectin effect in patients with diabetes mellitus."( Alterations of insulin resistance and the serum adiponectin level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus under the usual antihypertensive dosage of telmisartan treatment.
Fujita, T; Fuke, Y; Matsumoto, K; Satomura, A; Wada, Y, 2010)		0.8
" In patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension, telmisartan has proved superior to other antihypertensive agents (valsartan, losartan, ramipril, perindopril, and atenolol) in controlling blood pressure particularly towards the end of the dosing interval."( New standards in hypertension and cardiovascular risk management: focus on telmisartan.
Capogrosso, C; Di Michele, S; Galzerano, A; Galzerano, D; Gaudio, C; Lama, D; Paparello, P, 2010)		0.85
"The administration of most angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) at bedtime results in a greater reduction of nighttime blood pressure (BP) than dosing upon awakening."( Administration-time-dependent effects of spirapril on ambulatory blood pressure in uncomplicated essential hypertension.
Alonso, I; Ayala, DE; Fernández, JR; Fontao, MJ; Hermida, RC; Mojón, A, 2010)		0.36
" After constructing the dose-response curve using 0 (vehicle-treated control), 1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2 and 1 doses, all possible combinations of both drugs were tested."( Drug synergism of antihypertensive action in combination of telmisartan with lercanidipine in spontaneous hypertensive rats.
Kim, IS; Kim, Y; Lee, JJ; Lee, KH; Myung, CS; Park, HJ; Shin, CY; Zhang, WY, 2010)		0.6
" In previous ARB outcome trials, cardiovascular risk profile, nature and severity of the underlying cardiovascular disease, dosing regimens and concomitant therapies, follow-up, and endpoints have varied greatly so that caution is warranted in extrapolating evidence gained from high-risk patients to other conditions such as acute myocardial infarction or chronic heart failure."( From evidence to rationale: cardiovascular protection by angiotensin II receptor blockers compared with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.
Baumhäkel, M; Böhm, M; Mahfoud, F; Werner, C, 2010)		0.36
" Drug dosage was titrated to a target dose of telmisartan of 80 mg or placebo."( Effects of telmisartan added to Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in hemodialysis patients with chronic heart failure a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Calabrò, R; Cice, G; D'Andrea, A; D'Isa, S; Di Benedetto, A; Gatti, E; Marcelli, D, 2010)		1.01
" Diabetic rats were divided into vehicle group, low dosage (TeL) group, and high dosage of telmisartan (TeH) group."( Telmisartan improves kidney function through inhibition of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway in diabetic rats.
Li, M; Li, W; Mao, L; Sun, X; Xiang, H; Xiao, X; Yu, M; Zhang, H; Zhang, Q, 2012)		2.04
"Despite of advancements in dosage form design and use of multifunctional excipients, improvement in dissolution characteristics of molecules like Telmisartan (TEL) having exceedingly pH dependent and poor solubility profile is still challenging."( Amorphous ternary cyclodextrin nanocomposites of telmisartan for oral drug delivery: improved solubility and reduced pharmacokinetic variability.
Sangwai, M; Vavia, P, 2013)		0.84
" BP reductions were maintained throughout the 24 h dosing period, and 24 h goal rates were obtained in a high proportion of patients."( Telmisartan plus amlodipine single-pill combination for the management of hypertensive patients with a metabolic risk profile (added-risk patients).
Ley, L; Schumacher, H, 2013)		1.83
"Poor adherence to antihypertensive drug treatment is common and is often associated with marked prolongations of the dosing interval."( Sustained blood pressure-lowering effect of aliskiren compared with telmisartan after a single missed dose.
Baek, I; Baschiera, F; Brunel, P; Düsing, R, 2013)		0.63
" Control of blood pressure with fixed dose combination of the above drugs acting through different mechanism have a benefit of convenient dosing in terms of compliance, lower the dose and subsequently reduce the side effects."( A comparative pharmacokinetic study of a fixed dose combination for essential hypertensive patients: a randomized crossover study in healthy human volunteers.
Biswas, E; Choudhury, H; Ghosh, B; Gorain, B; Halder, D; Pal, TK; Sarkar, AK; Sarkar, P, 2013)		0.39
" However, since the inhibition of transporter is not specific to cancer cells, a decrease in the cytotoxic drug dosing may be needed to prevent excess toxicity, thus undermining the potential benefit brought about by a drug efflux inhibitor."( Targeting the ABCG2-overexpressing multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells by PPARγ agonists.
To, KK; Tomlinson, B, 2013)		0.39
" Hypertensive animals entered a 16-week dosing period."( Effects of telmisartan and linagliptin when used in combination on blood pressure and oxidative stress in rats with 2-kidney-1-clip hypertension.
Alter, ML; Chaykovska, L; Hocher, B; Hohmann, M; Klein, T; Kraft, R; Kutil, B; Reichetzeder, C; Tsuprykov, O; von Websky, K, 2013)		0.78
" The smoothness index (SI) provides a useful measure of antihypertensive treatment efficacy over the 24 h dosing period, its values being highest with antihypertensive agents that have large and consistent effects across 24 h."( Blood pressure variability over 24 h: prognostic implications and treatment perspectives. An assessment using the smoothness index with telmisartan-amlodipine monotherapy and combination.
Parati, G; Schumacher, H, 2014)		0.61
" In comparative trials, telmisartan treatment resulted in significantly higher reduction in trough BP and mean ambulatory diastolic BP for the last 8 hours of the dosing interval compared with perindopril."( Comparative review of the blood pressure-lowering and cardiovascular benefits of telmisartan and perindopril.
Chwallek, F; Pimenta, E; Wang, JG, 2014)		0.94
" Data was pooled separately for the two T40 non-responder studies (T40 NR group, two T80 non-responder studies (T80 NR group), and the two factorial design dose-response studies (FD-DR group)."( Telmisartan in combination with hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg for the management of patients with hypertension.
Kjeldsen, SE; Neldam, S; Neutel, JM; Schumacher, H, 2014)		1.85
" However, based on dose-response characteristics of the 2 drugs and previous results from other interaction studies, the degree of drug interaction observed in this study was not regarded as clinically significant."( Pharmacokinetic interaction between rosuvastatin and telmisartan in healthy Korean male volunteers: a randomized, open-label, two-period, crossover, multiple-dose study.
Guk, J; Jang, SB; Kim, Y; Lee, D; Nam, SY; Park, K; Roh, H; Son, H; Son, M, 2014)		0.65
" Specificity was investigated by analyzing the synthetic mixtures containing different ratios of the three studied drugs and their tablets dosage form."( Application and validation of superior spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of ternary mixture used for hypertension management.
Lamie, NT; Mohamed, HM, 2016)		0.43
" When two incompatible drugs need to be administered at the same time and in a single formulation, bilayer tablets are the most appropriate dosage form to administer such incompatible drugs in a single dose."( Development of Bilayer Tablets with Modified Release of Selected Incompatible Drugs.
Awasthi, R; Dhiman, N; Dua, K; Jindal, S; Khatri, S, )		0.13
"Stable and compatible bilayer tablets containing telmisartan and simvastatin were developed with better patient compliance as an alternative to existing conventional dosage forms."( Development of Bilayer Tablets with Modified Release of Selected Incompatible Drugs.
Awasthi, R; Dhiman, N; Dua, K; Jindal, S; Khatri, S, )		0.39
" Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured before dosing for days 1-5 and serially after the last dose."( Mechanistic Model for Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Changes Produced by Telmisartan in Human Beings.
Chae, D; Kim, Y; Park, K; Son, H; Son, M, 2018)		0.71
" It was concluded that prepared formulation exerts a valuable results on diabetic nephropathy and it may be a potential pharmaceutical dosage form for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy."( Development and biological evaluation of vesicles containing bile salt of telmisartan for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
Ahad, A; Ahmad, A; Al-Jenoobi, FI; Al-Mohizea, AM; Raish, M, 2018)		0.71
" We have investigated the dose-response relationship of telmisartan, an antihypertensive, on adipocytes in vitro in order to determine whether it may have metabolic beneficial effects."( Telmisartan reverses antiretroviral-induced adipocyte toxicity and insulin resistance in vitro.
Adaikalakoteswari, A; Back, DJ; Kumar, S; McTernan, P; Owen, A; Pirmohamed, M; Pushpakom, SP; Tripathi, G, 2018)		2.17
"The aim of this study was to compare the effects of multiple once- or twice-daily oral dosage rates of the angiotensin II, type-1 receptor blocker, telmisartan (TEL), or placebo (PLA) on indirect systolic arterial blood pressure (SBP) in awake, clinically normal cats."( Evaluation of orally administered telmisartan for the reduction of indirect systolic arterial blood pressure in awake, clinically normal cats.
Brown, SA; Bryson, L; Coleman, AE; Stark, M; Traas, AM; Zimmering, T; Zimmerman, A, 2019)		0.99
" Our findings support the further development of telmisartan prodrugs that enable infrequent dosing in the treatment of liver fibrosis."( Reduction of liver fibrosis by rationally designed macromolecular telmisartan prodrugs.
Ackley, JC; Andersen, JN; Baddour, J; Blume-Jensen, P; Brady, SW; Chickering, DE; Economides, KD; Ehrlich, DC; Golder, MR; Held, EJ; Huh, SJ; Johnson, JA; Kopesky, PW; Liu, J; Neenan, AM; Nguyen, HV; Paramasivan, S; Reiter, LA; Saucier-Sawyer, JK; Shipitsin, MV; Vangamudi, B; Vohidov, F, 2018)		0.97
" Up-titration of study drug dosage on days 30 and 60, and addition of the other study drug at day 90, were performed if UPC > 0."( Efficacy of telmisartan for the treatment of persistent renal proteinuria in dogs: A double-masked, randomized clinical trial.
Brown, SA; Coleman, AE; Creevy, KE; Lourenço, BN; Parkanzky, MC; Schmiedt, CW, 2020)		0.94
" This work presents novel and green spectrophotometric methods for the concurrent analysis of Amlodipine (AML), Telmisartan (TEL), Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), and Chlorthalidone (CLO) in their pharmaceutical dosage form."( Advanced eco-friendly UV spectrophotometric approach for resolving overlapped spectral signals of antihypertensive agents in their binary and tertiary pharmaceutical dosage form.
Attala, K; Elsonbaty, A, 2021)		0.83
" The developed method was applied for the analysis of seven different antihypertensive dosage forms."( DoE-Based Analytical Quality Risk Management for Enhanced AQbD Approach to Economical and Eco-Friendly RP-HPLC Method for Synchronous Estimation of Multiple FDC Products of Antihypertensive Drugs.
Patel, A; Prajapati, P; Shah, S, 2022)		0.72
" Maximizing the drug loading of APIs in oral dosage forms is essential to reduce pill burden."( Increasing Drug Loading of Weakly Acidic Telmisartan in Amorphous Solid Dispersions through pH Modification during Hot-Melt Extrusion.
Davis, DA; Moon, C; Thompson, SA; Williams, RO, 2022)		0.99
" We initially performed a dose-response pilot study in normal rats."( Antifibrotic effects of low dose SGLT2 Inhibition with empagliflozin in comparison to Ang II receptor blockade with telmisartan in 5/6 nephrectomised rats on high salt diet.
Cao, Y; Chen, X; Chu, C; Delic, D; Frankenreiter, S; Gaballa, MMS; Hasan, AA; Hocher, B; Klein, T; Krämer, BK; Luo, T; Stadermann, K; Xiong, Y; Xue, Y; Yin, L; Zeng, S, 2022)		0.93
" Sensitivity and sex-/age-stratified patient subgroup analyses identified that telmisartan's medication possession ratio (MPR) and average hypertension daily dosage were significantly associated with a stronger reduction in the incidence of both AD and dementia in AAs."( Population-based discovery and Mendelian randomization analysis identify telmisartan as a candidate medicine for Alzheimer's disease in African Americans.
Campbell, N; Cheng, F; Cummings, J; Gao, S; Hou, Y; Leverenz, JB; Pieper, AA; Tu, W; Zhang, P, 2023)		1.37
"We observed previously established medical associations for MND and an inverse dose-response association between lovastatin and MND, with 28% reduced risk at 40 mg/day."( Protective Effects of Lovastatin in a Population-Based ALS Study and Mouse Model.
Kreple, CJ; Miller, TM; Racette, BA; Schoch, KM; Searles Nielsen, S; Shabsovich, M; Shen, T; Song, Y, 2023)		0.91
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (5)

RoleDescription
antihypertensive agentAny drug used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular hypertension regardless of pharmacological mechanism.
angiotensin receptor antagonistA hormone antagonist that blocks angiotensin receptors.
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitorAn EC 3.4.15.* (peptidyl-dipeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of peptidyl-dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1).
xenobioticA xenobiotic (Greek, xenos "foreign"; bios "life") is a compound that is foreign to a living organism. Principal xenobiotics include: drugs, carcinogens and various compounds that have been introduced into the environment by artificial means.
environmental contaminantAny minor or unwanted substance introduced into the environment that can have undesired effects.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (3)

ClassDescription
biphenylsBenzenoid aromatic compounds containing two phenyl or substituted-phenyl groups which are joined together by a single bond.
benzimidazolesAn organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring fused to an imidazole ring.
carboxybiphenylAny member of the class of biphenyls that has one or more carboxy groups attached to the biphenyl skeleton.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (1)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Telmisartan Action Pathway74

Protein Targets (88)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.62280.025120.237639.8107AID893
Chain B, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.62280.025120.237639.8107AID893
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.16950.177814.390939.8107AID2147
LuciferasePhotinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)Potency12.11210.007215.758889.3584AID1224835; AID588342; AID624030
thioredoxin reductaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency79.43280.100020.879379.4328AID588456
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency6.30860.006038.004119,952.5996AID1159523
SMAD family member 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.89960.173734.304761.8120AID1346859
USP1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency50.11870.031637.5844354.8130AID504865
SMAD family member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.89960.173734.304761.8120AID1346859
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency20.73290.000811.382244.6684AID686978; AID686979
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency11.88320.000714.592883.7951AID1259392
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.81010.000221.22318,912.5098AID1259243; AID1259247; AID743042; AID743053; AID743054
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.011212.4002100.0000AID1030
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency22.71840.001022.650876.6163AID1224838; AID1224893
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.49500.01237.983543.2770AID1645841
EWS/FLI fusion proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency34.18540.001310.157742.8575AID1259252; AID1259253; AID1259255; AID1259256
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency16.94480.003041.611522,387.1992AID1159552; AID1159553; AID1159555
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency23.91450.000817.505159.3239AID1159527
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency17.87680.001530.607315,848.9004AID1224848; AID1224849; AID1259403
farnesoid X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.84700.375827.485161.6524AID743220
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency26.11820.005428.02631,258.9301AID1346982; AID1346985
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.24960.000229.305416,493.5996AID743069; AID743075; AID743078
GVesicular stomatitis virusPotency8.70900.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Potency38.90180.00108.379861.1304AID1645840
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.41120.001019.414170.9645AID743094; AID743140; AID743191
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.68190.023723.228263.5986AID743222
IDH1Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.19950.005210.865235.4813AID686970
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency4.46680.035520.977089.1251AID504332
activating transcription factor 6Homo sapiens (human)Potency21.31380.143427.612159.8106AID1159516
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRAHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.18380.354828.065989.1251AID504847
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency23.10930.00419.984825.9290AID504444
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.48133.548119.542744.6684AID743266
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency29.01450.000323.4451159.6830AID743065; AID743067
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.84890.039816.784239.8107AID995
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.00000.65619.452025.1189AID927
eyes absent homolog 2 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.18381.199814.641950.1187AID488837
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.15470.000627.21521,122.0200AID743202; AID743219
peripheral myelin protein 22Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency28.69540.005612.367736.1254AID624032
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.84890.031610.279239.8107AID884; AID885
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.00080.891312.067628.1838AID1487
neuropeptide S receptor isoform AHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.25890.015812.3113615.5000AID1461
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.84891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Interferon betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.70900.00339.158239.8107AID1645842
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.70900.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency4.21630.002319.595674.0614AID651631
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.84891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.84891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.84891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.84891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.84891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.84891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.84891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.84891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.84891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.84891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.84891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.84891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.16231.995325.532750.1187AID624288
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.84891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)Potency10.00001.584913.004325.1189AID927
TAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.31621.778316.208135.4813AID652104
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.84891.000012.224831.6228AID885
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.70900.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.84891.000012.224831.6228AID885
cytochrome P450 2C9, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.70900.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)60.00000.63154.45319.3000AID1473740
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)36.00000.20005.677410.0000AID1473741
Bile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)16.20000.11007.190310.0000AID1443980; AID1443989; AID1473738
Cytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.42000.00002.800510.0000AID1210069
Angiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)Ki6.00000.00000.82557.5000AID1053270
Type-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.01790.00020.09323.6000AID1070149; AID1551775; AID459552; AID607037; AID644750; AID673037; AID673042; AID728046; AID774875
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)12.20000.00501.205110.0000AID459531
Type-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.00030.00010.02890.2000AID644751
Cytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.50000.01202.53129.4700AID1210069; AID1210080; AID1210081
Cytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.14500.02000.09330.1900AID1210068; AID1210082
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)10.00000.00100.85056.3100AID459533
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)10.00000.00050.82696.3100AID459532
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00002.41006.343310.0000AID1473739
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)17.90000.01002.765610.0000AID721754
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)1.25890.10472.71957.0795AID977603
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.96000.08002.46889.8000AID977604
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)16.90000.00401.966610.0000AID1873191
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)1.86210.05002.37979.7000AID977600
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)Ki1.03000.04401.36305.0000AID977601
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC50 (µMol)10.00000.33001.26502.2000AID459536
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaMus musculus (house mouse)EC50 (µMol)10.00000.00021.397110.0000AID459536
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)3.20000.32001.45774.2000AID1203550
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaMus musculus (house mouse)EC50 (µMol)10.00000.02001.53507.2000AID459538
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)3.12770.00000.992210.0000AID1070148; AID1231381; AID1330908; AID1333353; AID1333356; AID1428289; AID1551774; AID1578127; AID1737435; AID459526; AID499442; AID607038; AID728045
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)EC50 (µMol)4.06000.00031.654210.0000AID459534
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)10.00000.00020.84609.1000AID459530
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)10.00000.00061.607410.0000AID459528
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Thromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)MEC5.00000.50002.00005.0000AID1692291
Type-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)Affinity0.00100.00050.03150.2300AID243379
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (552)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
xenobiotic metabolic processATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin secretionMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
cilium assemblyMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
platelet degranulationMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
urate transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid biosynthetic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stressBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compoundBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
protein ubiquitinationBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidationBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid signaling pathwayBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to estrogenBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cellBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
lipid homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bile acid secretionBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STATInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STATInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagyInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT proteinInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-betaInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replicationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic processInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell differentiationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
defense response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasisInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Lewy body formationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine productionInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
T cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
humoral immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicityHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independentHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of T cell anergyHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
defense responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
immune responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
detection of bacteriumHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-12 productionHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-6 productionHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicityHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendritic cell differentiationHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class IbHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
autophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrestCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transductionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein localizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replicationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespanCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substanceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-rayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
viral processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signalingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomeraseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UVCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeabilityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiodCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibioticCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behaviorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell deathCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-CCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin DCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shuntCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
steroid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
monoterpenoid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
epoxygenase P450 pathwayCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
urea metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
monocarboxylic acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
amide metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid biosynthetic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative demethylationCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
omega-hydroxylase P450 pathwayCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxiaAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
kidney developmentAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel remodelingAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin maturationAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of renal output by angiotensinAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
neutrophil mediated immunityAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class IAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensinAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysisAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
spermatogenesisAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
female pregnancyAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressureAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
male gonad developmentAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
embryo development ending in birth or egg hatchingAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
post-transcriptional regulation of gene expressionAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
substance P catabolic processAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
bradykinin catabolic processAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of smooth muscle cell migrationAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of vasoconstrictionAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
animal organ regenerationAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
response to nutrient levelsAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharideAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
mononuclear cell proliferationAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
response to laminar fluid shear stressAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin-activated signaling pathwayAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
vasoconstrictionAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
hormone metabolic processAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
hormone catabolic processAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
eating behaviorAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
peptide catabolic processAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstrictionAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose importAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic plasticityAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
lung alveolus developmentAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta metabolic processAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid secretionAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neurogenesisAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
heart contractionAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of angiotensin metabolic processAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiationAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
angiogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesisAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose stimulusAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
response to dexamethasoneAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
cell proliferation in bone marrowAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conductionAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcium ion importAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
response to thyroid hormoneAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel diameter maintenanceAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferationAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gap junction assemblyAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to aldosteroneAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylationAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressureAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol biosynthetic processCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
vesicle docking involved in exocytosisCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
bicarbonate transportCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
cholesterol transportCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
response to endoplasmic reticulum stressCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
transepithelial water transportCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulusCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of exocytosisCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
sperm capacitationCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
multicellular organismal-level water homeostasisCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular pH elevationCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
establishment of localization in cellCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
membrane hyperpolarizationCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of enamel mineralizationCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cAMPCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
amelogenesisCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transportCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of voltage-gated chloride channel activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to forskolinCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle contractionThromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayThromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)
response to nutrientThromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusThromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood coagulationThromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)
response to testosteroneThromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)
thromboxane A2 signaling pathwayThromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolThromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesisThromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle contractionThromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharideThromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesisThromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory responseThromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood pressureThromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstrictionThromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationThromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayThromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)
startle responseGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potentialGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
startle responseGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by nervous system processGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transportGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transportGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
muscle contractionGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide signaling pathwayGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
acrosome reactionGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
visual perceptionGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
adult walking behaviorGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal action potentialGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular process controlling postureGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transmission of nerve impulseGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glycinergicGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
righting reflexGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory postsynaptic potentialGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amino acid stimulusGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to zinc ionGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ethanolGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
response to alcoholGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potentialGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transportGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of acrosome reactionGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potentialGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell growthType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
kidney developmentType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
renin-angiotensin regulation of aldosterone productionType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
maintenance of blood vessel diameter homeostasis by renin-angiotensinType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensinType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
Rho protein signal transductionType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiationType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of vasoconstrictionType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signalingType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phospholipase A2 activityType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
low-density lipoprotein particle remodelingType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of renal sodium excretionType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
angiotensin-activated signaling pathwayType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell population proliferationType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cellType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory responseType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory responseType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein metabolic processType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cell chemotaxisType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating angiotensin-activated signaling pathwayType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
blood vessel diameter maintenanceType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesisType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of CoA-transferase activityType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
inflammatory responseType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cholesterol effluxPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid transportPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of osteoblast differentiationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STATPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of signaling receptor activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of BMP signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of MAP kinase activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of adiponectin secretionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA transcriptionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stressPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
placenta developmentPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
lipid metabolic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
signal transductionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
response to nutrientPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressurePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
macrophage derived foam cell differentiationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cholesterol storagePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipid storagePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of sequestering of triglyceridePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of angiogenesisPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
monocyte differentiationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
BMP signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell differentiationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to insulin stimulusPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
response to lipidPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
glucose homeostasisPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythmPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase IIPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
lipoprotein transportPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migrationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
innate immune responsePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
cell fate commitmentPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fat cell differentiationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid receptor signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
cell maturationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
rhythmic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
white fat cell differentiationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
lipid homeostasisPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of SMAD protein signal transductionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of cholesterol transporter activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulusPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxiaPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitochondrial fissionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulusPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of extracellular matrix assemblyPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA transcriptionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulusPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of adipose tissue developmentPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory responsePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
cell differentiationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
hormone-mediated signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
blood vessel remodelingType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by circulatory renin-angiotensinType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
angiotensin-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressureType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
brain renin-angiotensin systemType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathwayType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messengerType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
brain developmentType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressureType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of heart rateType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growthType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activityType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of metanephros sizeType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
exploration behaviorType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated signalingType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
angiotensin-activated signaling pathwayType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
vasodilationType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migrationType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathwayType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of metanephric glomerulus developmentType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesisType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
inflammatory responseType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart contractionCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
epoxygenase P450 pathwayCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
linoleic acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
organic acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulusGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
renal water homeostasisGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of insulin secretionGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucagon stimulusGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathwayDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxiaDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
neutrophil mediated immunityDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
germinal center formationDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxisDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysisDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
membrane protein ectodomain proteolysisDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesionDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
Notch receptor processingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferationDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell chemotaxisDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
protein processingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
signal releaseDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiationDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell growthDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migrationDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharideDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chemokine productionDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor productionDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mast cell apoptotic processDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymusDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion mediated by integrinDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
wound healing, spreading of epidermal cellsDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid precursor protein catabolic processDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migrationDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activityDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activityDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathwayDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
spleen developmentDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
cell motilityDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to Gram-positive bacteriumDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to high density lipoprotein particle stimulusDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
commissural neuron axon guidanceDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesisDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycleDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathwayDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferationDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
Notch signaling pathwayDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
glucose metabolic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
generation of precursor metabolites and energyPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
lipid metabolic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid beta-oxidationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
apoptotic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
embryo implantationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
cell population proliferationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
axon ensheathmentPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid catabolic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid transportPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular receptor signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
cell-substrate adhesionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nutrient levelsPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
wound healingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
steroid hormone mediated signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regenerationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transductionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
keratinocyte proliferationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fat cell differentiationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of myoblast differentiationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
decidualizationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
keratinocyte migrationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transductionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
adipose tissue developmentPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
fat cell proliferationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fat cell proliferationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxiaPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
energy homeostasisPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
apoptotic signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA transcriptionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
glucose transmembrane transportPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of myoblast proliferationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cholesterol storagePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
cell differentiationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory responsePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
hormone-mediated signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory responsePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of signaling receptor activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ATP biosynthetic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transductionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transformation of host cell by virusPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxiaPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
gluconeogenesisPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
heart developmentPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
response to nutrientPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
epidermis developmentPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to starvationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular ketone metabolic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cholesterol storagePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of sequestering of triglyceridePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid metabolic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular receptor signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of appetitePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
response to insulinPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expressionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to nicotinePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
wound healingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
lipoprotein metabolic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythmPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
steroid hormone mediated signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gluconeogenesisPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of blood pressurePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glycolytic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nitric oxide metabolic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fatty acid oxidationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory responsePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell developmentPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
enamel mineralizationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to fructose stimulusPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA transcriptionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid transportPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
hormone-mediated signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cell differentiationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein phosphorylationTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA processingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
RNA splicingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein stabilityTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin secretionTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
response to endoplasmic reticulum stressTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein import into nucleusTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythmTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic processTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation by host of viral transcriptionTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
rhythmic processTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
3'-UTR-mediated mRNA destabilizationTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilizationTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear inner membrane organizationTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid fibril formationTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gene expressionTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate metabolic processInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic processInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesisInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate biosynthetic processInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
heme catabolic processCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cellCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrierCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
putrescine transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
thiamine transmembrane transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid import across plasma membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-arginine import across plasma membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-alpha-amino acid transmembrane transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
proton transmembrane transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-arginine transmembrane transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3Homo sapiens (human)
heme catabolic processSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3Homo sapiens (human)
lipid transportBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transportBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
urate transportBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
biotin transportBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
sphingolipid biosynthetic processBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
riboflavin transportBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
urate metabolic processBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transportBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
renal urate salt excretionBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membraneBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular detoxificationBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrierBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
heme catabolic processSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid hormone transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (182)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
ATP bindingATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
urate transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
purine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cytokine activityInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
type I interferon receptor bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activityInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
TAP bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
peptide antigen bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
TAP bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protease bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
p53 bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion bindingCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
steroid hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 14,15-epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 11,12-epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
(S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
(S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
caffeine oxidase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
(R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
aromatase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
heme bindingCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygenCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activityAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
carboxypeptidase activityAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activityAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin bindingAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
peptidase activityAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
metallopeptidase activityAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
exopeptidase activityAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
tripeptidyl-peptidase activityAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-dipeptidase activityAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
chloride ion bindingAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase bindingAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
bradykinin receptor bindingAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
mitogen-activated protein kinase bindingAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
metallodipeptidase activityAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
heterocyclic compound bindingAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
intracellularly ATP-gated chloride channel activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
bicarbonate transmembrane transporter activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transporter activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
isomerase activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
chloride channel regulator activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
chloride channel inhibitor activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
PDZ domain bindingCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
Sec61 translocon complex bindingCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
thromboxane A2 receptor activityThromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)
guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activityThromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingThromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane signaling receptor activityGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
glycine bindingGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellularly glycine-gated chloride channel activityGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
taurine bindingGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potentialGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potentialGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activityGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activityGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activityGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin type I receptor activityType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
angiotensin type II receptor activityType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
bradykinin receptor bindingType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
transcription coregulator bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specificPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleic acid bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
double-stranded DNA bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin receptor activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
peptide bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific DNA bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear retinoid X receptor bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA binding domain bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
LBD domain bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
alpha-actinin bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
R-SMAD bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
E-box bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
STAT family protein bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
angiotensin type II receptor activityType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
receptor antagonist activityType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion bindingCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 14,15-epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 11,12-epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
isomerase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
linoleic acid epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate isomerase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 5,6-epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
heme bindingCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygenCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein activityGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase activator activityGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activityDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activityDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
Notch bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
interleukin-6 receptor bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
integrin bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
peptidase activityDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
metallopeptidase activityDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
SH3 domain bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
PDZ domain bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic processDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
transcription coactivator bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear steroid receptor activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
lipid bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
linoleic acid bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
transcription coactivator bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specificPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear steroid receptor activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
lipid bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatase bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
protein domain specific bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin conjugating enzyme bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific DNA bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
NFAT protein bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
double-stranded DNA bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
RNA bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
lipid bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
pre-mRNA intronic bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
molecular condensate scaffold activityTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
thiamine transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
antiporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
putrescine transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-arginine transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
polyspecific organic cation:proton antiporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activitySolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
urate transmembrane transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
biotin transmembrane transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
riboflavin transmembrane transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
sphingolipid transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (80)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
platelet dense granule membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
endosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculusBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular canaliculusBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicle membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
MHC class I protein complexHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replication forkCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
centrosomeCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
PML bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand breakCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatinCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
lysosomeAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
endosomeAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
brush border membraneAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
sperm midpieceAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAngiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
lysosomal membraneCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
early endosomeCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
endosome membraneCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
membraneCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi-associated vesicle membraneCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membraneCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
early endosome membraneCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosomeCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membraneCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complexCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
acrosomal vesicleThromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneThromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear speckThromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneThromboxane A2 receptor Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaMus musculus (house mouse)
plasma membraneGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
dendriteGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projectionGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
perikaryonGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
synapseGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapseGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
glycinergic synapseGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complexGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complexGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
synapseGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projectionGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
membraneType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneType-1 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organellePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complexPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
chromatinPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
receptor complexPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)
plasma membraneType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneType-2 angiotensin II receptorHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
cell-cell junctionDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
ruffle membraneDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumenDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
actin cytoskeletonDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
membraneDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raftDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
chromatinPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
chromatinPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelleTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
perichromatin fibrilsTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granuleTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear speckTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
interchromatin granuleTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
chromatinTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
fibrillar centerInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculusCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
brush border membraneBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial membraneBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raftBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membraneBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (408)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1347103qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347104qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347099qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347107qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347102qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347090qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347106qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347101qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347091qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID444051Total clearance in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1214058Cmax in human plasma expressing CYP2C9*1/*1 polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID625280Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID699541Inhibition of human liver OATP2B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E3S uptake at 20 uM incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10
Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID1918194Lipophilicity, log D of the compound2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-10, Volume: 65, Issue:21
Identification of Organic Anion Transporter 2 Inhibitors: Screening, Structure-Based Analysis, and Clinical Drug Interaction Risk Assessment.
AID39791Relative binding affinity of compound to Angiotensin II receptor, type 1 was determined2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-05, Volume: 46, Issue:12
Angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonists. Clinical implications of active metabolites.
AID1070149Antagonist activity at human AT1 receptor expressed in CHO cells measured after overnight incubation by luciferase reporter gene assay2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 24, Issue:4
Discovery of novel indazole derivatives as dual angiotensin II antagonists and partial PPARγ agonists.
AID1211206Drug metabolism in human liver microsomes assessed as UGT1A3-mediated unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance at 1 uM after 30 to 60 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis in presence of 1% bovine serum albumin2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1761536Binding affinity to sensorchip-immobilized human His-tagged CFTR F508 deletion mutant by surface plasmon resonance analysis2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 213In silico drug repositioning on F508del-CFTR: A proof-of-concept study on the AIFA library.
AID625286Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID721753Inhibition of human MATE1-mediated ASP+ uptake expressed in HEK293 cells at 20 uM after 1.5 mins by fluorescence assay2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Discovery of potent, selective multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 1 (MATE1, SLC47A1) inhibitors through prescription drug profiling and computational modeling.
AID1214177Clearance in women plasma at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID625283Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1210079Metabolic stability in human liver microsomes at 1 uM after 30 mins by LC-MS/MS method2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID607039Partial agonist activity at human PPARgamma-LBD/Gal4 DNA binding domain by transactivation assay relative to darglitazone2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-23, Volume: 54, Issue:12
Discovery of a series of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines with dual activity at angiotensin II type 1 receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ.
AID1560650Improvement in liver fibrosis in Stelic C57BL/6 mouse model of streptozotocin-induced NASH assessed as liver fibrosis score at 10 mg/kg/day, po for 21 days by Picrosirius ed staining based assay (Rvb = 0.91 +/- 0.25 No_unit)2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5
[1,2,5]Oxadiazolo[3,4-
AID588213Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1698005Ratio of drug level in Wistar Hannover rat blood to plasma administered through iv dosing by LC-MS/MS analysis
AID1560663Improvement in liver fibrosis in Stelic C57BL/6 mouse model of streptozotocin-induced NASH assessed as increase in plasma cholesterol at 10 mg/kg/day, po for 21 days2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5
[1,2,5]Oxadiazolo[3,4-
AID588212Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID459526Agonist activity at human PPARgamma expressed in african green monkey CV1 cells by Gal4 transactivation assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological activities of novel indole derivatives as potent and selective PPARgamma modulators.
AID728044Partial agonist activity at human PPARgamma-LBD/Gal4 DNA binding domain by transactivation assay relative to darglitazone2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-one derivatives with dual activity at angiotensin II type 1 receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ.
AID625290Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1220238Intrinsic clearance in human intestinal microsomes assessed UGT-mediated glucuronidation clearance2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1211263Ratio of UGT1A3-mediated unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance in human kidney microsomes to UGT1A3-mediated unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance in human liver microsomes at 1 uM in presence of 1% bovine serum albumin2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1220558Fraction unbound in Beagle dog brain homogenates at 1 uM after 6 hrs by equilibrium dialysis method2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Species independence in brain tissue binding using brain homogenates.
AID1211256Drug metabolism in human intestinal microsomes assessed as UGT1A3-mediated unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance at 1 uM after 30 to 60 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis in presence of 1% bovine serum albumin2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1203551Potentiation of human GlyR-alpha1 expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes assessed as induction of glycine-activated currents at 10 uM after 1 to 4 days by two-electrode voltage clamp assay relative to control2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7
Ensemble-based virtual screening for cannabinoid-like potentiators of the human glycine receptor α1 for the treatment of pain.
AID1535247Agonist activity at PPARgamma in mouse 3T3L1 cells assessed as increase in Glut4 mRNA expression at 10 uM after 24 hrs by SYBR green dye based RT-PCR analysis2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 29, Issue:4
Identification of BR101549 as a lead candidate of non-TZD PPARγ agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: Proof-of-concept evaluation and SAR.
AID1214169AUC in women plasma at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID540212Mean residence time in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1210085Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for CYP3A4 in human liver microsomes to IC50 for human recombinant CYP2J22013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID1220792Ratio of drug level in blood to plasma in dog2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 39, Issue:5
Human pharmacokinetic prediction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates with an animal scale-up approach.
AID1473839AUC in human at 20 to 80 mg, po QD after 24 hrs2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID444058Volume of distribution at steady state in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1692293Inhibition of ADP-stimulated human platelet aggregation assessed as ADP light transmission at 50 uM preincubated for 5 min followed by ADP stimulation by light transmission aggregometry (Rvb = 62 +/- 3%)2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-12, Volume: 63, Issue:21
Progress toward a Glycoprotein VI Modulator for the Treatment of Thrombosis.
AID699540Inhibition of human liver OATP1B3 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E17-betaG uptake at 20 uM incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10
Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID1220785Fraction unbound in rat plasma by ultracentrifugation method2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 39, Issue:5
Human pharmacokinetic prediction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates with an animal scale-up approach.
AID1757132Induction of cell sensitization to imatinib in imatinib-resistant human K562 cells assessed as cell death at 1.75 uM incubated for 72 hrs in presence of 1 uM imatinib by PI staining based flow cytometry (Rvb = 19%)2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 216Tackling resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia: Novel cell death modulators with improved efficacy.
AID444059Displacement of [125I]SI-Ang2 from AT1 receptor in Sprague-Dawley rat liver membrane2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Design, synthesis, and docking studies of novel benzimidazoles for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
AID977603pIC50 values for sodium fluorescein (10 uM) uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1053270Inhibition of ACE (unknown origin) assessed as 3-Hydroxybutyril-glycil-glycil-glycine conversion to 3-hydroxybutyric acid after 60 mins by WST assay2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-14, Volume: 56, Issue:21
Experimental confirmation of new drug-target interactions predicted by Drug Profile Matching.
AID29138Acid dissociation value was evaluated2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-05, Volume: 46, Issue:12
Angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonists. Clinical implications of active metabolites.
AID1210080Inhibition of human recombinant CYP2J2 assessed as reduction in astemizole O-demethylation reduction in astemizole O-demethylation after 30 mins by LC-MS/MS method in absence of 1 mM NADPH2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID1737442Modulation of cell death in imatinib-resistant human K562 cells assessed by increase in imatinib-mediated cell death in presence of presence of imatinib at 10 uM measured after 72 hrs by Propidium iodide stain based FACS assay (Rvb = 17%)2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 195Identification and development of non-cytotoxic cell death modulators: Impact of sartans and derivatives on PPARγ activation and on growth of imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia cells.
AID607037Displacement of [125I]Tyr4-Sar1,Ile8-Angiotensin II from human Angiotensin 1 receptor after 60 mins by scintillation counting2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-23, Volume: 54, Issue:12
Discovery of a series of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines with dual activity at angiotensin II type 1 receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ.
AID237099Time required for elimination of 50% of the compound2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-30, Volume: 48, Issue:13
Pharmacophore, drug metabolism, and pharmacokinetics models on non-peptide AT1, AT2, and AT1/AT2 angiotensin II receptor antagonists.
AID1220242Unbound intrinsic clearance in human intestinal microsomes assessed CYP450-mediated glucuronidation clearance2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1737440Modulation of cell death in imatinib-resistant human K562 cells assessed by increase in imatinib-mediated cell death in presence of presence of imatinib measured after 72 hrs by Propidium iodide stain based FACS assay (Rvb = 17%)2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 195Identification and development of non-cytotoxic cell death modulators: Impact of sartans and derivatives on PPARγ activation and on growth of imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia cells.
AID499444Induction of adipocyte differentiation in mouse ST-13 cells at 10 uM2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16
Characterization of new PPARgamma agonists: benzimidazole derivatives-importance of positions 5 and 6, and computational studies on the binding mode.
AID1330911Full agonist activity at PPARgamma in mouse 3T3L1 preadipocytes assessed as increase in insulin induced adipocyte differentiation by measuring triglyceride accumulation at 1 uM after 9 days by Oil-Red O staining based assay2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124New telmisartan-derived PPARγ agonists: Impact of the 3D-binding mode on the pharmacological profile.
AID459533Displacement of radiolabeled GW-2433 from human PPARdelta ligand binding domain expressed in Escherichia coli2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological activities of novel indole derivatives as potent and selective PPARgamma modulators.
AID1210082Mixed type inhibition of human recombinant CYP2J2 assessed as reduction in astemizole O-demethylation by LC-MS/MS method2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID1474167Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring verified drug-induced liver injury concern status2016Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID1214061Clearance in human plasma expressing CYP2C9*1/*1 polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID625292Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID459532Displacement of radiolabeled GW-2433 from human PPARalpha ligand binding domain expressed in Escherichia coli2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological activities of novel indole derivatives as potent and selective PPARgamma modulators.
AID237841Oral bioavailability2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-30, Volume: 48, Issue:13
Pharmacophore, drug metabolism, and pharmacokinetics models on non-peptide AT1, AT2, and AT1/AT2 angiotensin II receptor antagonists.
AID1211237Fraction unbound in human liver microsomes at 1 uM after 30 to 60 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1649479Anti-hepatosteatosis activity in C57BL/6 mouse model of streptozotocin-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis assessed as reduction in liver triglyceride level at 10 mg/kg/day, po administered for 21 days formulated into HFD measured post-last dose by trigl2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-11, Volume: 63, Issue:11
6-Amino[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-
AID1294155Displacement of [125I]-Sar1,Ile8-angiotensin 2 from AT1 receptor in Sprague-Dawley rat vascular smooth muscle cells after 150 mins by gamma counting analysis2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-10, Volume: 115N-Phenyl indole derivatives as AT1 antagonists with anti-hypertension activities: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation.
AID1193495Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility, log S of the compound in simulated intestinal fluid at pH 6.8 at RT after 4 hrs by 96 well plate method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 25, Issue:7
Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility measurements in simulated fluids by 96-well plate method in early drug discovery.
AID1214049Half life in human plasma expressing CYP2C8*2 allele carrier polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID1698011Fraction unbound in human plasma
AID1560652Improvement in liver fibrosis in Stelic C57BL/6 mouse model of streptozotocin-induced NASH assessed as NAS score at 10 mg/kg/day, po for 21 days (Rvb = 4.6 +/- 0.7 No_unit)2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5
[1,2,5]Oxadiazolo[3,4-
AID1214045Tmax in human plasma expressing CYP2C8*1/*1 polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID499443Activation of Gal4-tagged human PPARgamma expressed in CHO cells by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to pioglitazone2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16
Characterization of new PPARgamma agonists: benzimidazole derivatives-importance of positions 5 and 6, and computational studies on the binding mode.
AID1211230Drug metabolism in human liver microsomes assessed as UGT1A3-mediated unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance at 1 uM after 30 to 60 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1333353Transactivation of GAL4-fused human PPARgamma ligand binding domain expressed in African green monkey COS7 cells after 42 hrs by dual luciferase reporter gene assay2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124Evaluation of selected 3D virtual screening tools for the prospective identification of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ partial agonists.
AID588211Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1698007Ratio of drug level in human blood to plasma administered through iv dosing by LC-MS/MS analysis
AID1220797Volume of distribution at steady state in human2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 39, Issue:5
Human pharmacokinetic prediction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates with an animal scale-up approach.
AID1211220Ratio of unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance in human kidney microsomes in presence of 1% bovine serum albumin to unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance in human kidney microsomes in absence of bovine serum albumin2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1330908Transactivation at Gal4 fused PPARgamma LBD (unknown origin) expressed in African green monkey COS7 cells after 42 hrs by luciferase assay2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124New telmisartan-derived PPARγ agonists: Impact of the 3D-binding mode on the pharmacological profile.
AID1443989Inhibition of recombinant human BSEP expressed in baculovirus infected sf9 cell plasma membrane vesicles assessed as reduction in ATP-dependent [3H]-taurocholate uptake in to vesicles preincubated for 10 mins followed by ATP addition measured after 10 to 2014Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), Sep, Volume: 60, Issue:3
Human drug-induced liver injury severity is highly associated with dual inhibition of liver mitochondrial function and bile salt export pump.
AID1210088Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for CYP2C19 in human liver microsomes to IC50 for human recombinant CYP2J22013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID1220793Ratio of drug level in blood to plasma in human2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 39, Issue:5
Human pharmacokinetic prediction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates with an animal scale-up approach.
AID1698016Dissociation constant, basic pKa of compound measured up to 18 mins by capillary electrophoresis
AID1737433Modulation of cell death in imatinib-resistant human K562 cells assessed by increase in imatinib-mediated cell death in presence of presence of imatinib at 5 uM measured after 72 hrs by Propidium iodide stain based FACS assay (Rvb = 17%)2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 195Identification and development of non-cytotoxic cell death modulators: Impact of sartans and derivatives on PPARγ activation and on growth of imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia cells.
AID588963Substrates of transporters of clinical importance in the absorption and disposition of drugs, OATP1B32010Nature reviews. Drug discovery, Mar, Volume: 9, Issue:3
Membrane transporters in drug development.
AID1551774Transactivation of GAL4-tagged human PPARgamma expressed in African green monkey COS7 cells after 36 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173Multitarget PPARγ agonists as innovative modulators of the metabolic syndrome.
AID1330915Growth inhibition of African green monkey COS7 cells at 50 uM after 72 hrs by crystal violet staining based assay2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124New telmisartan-derived PPARγ agonists: Impact of the 3D-binding mode on the pharmacological profile.
AID1560654Effect on ballooning in Stelic C57BL/6 mouse model of streptozotocin-induced NASH at 10 mg/kg/day, po for 21 days2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5
[1,2,5]Oxadiazolo[3,4-
AID625279Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID26942Absolute bioavailability of compound was determined2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-05, Volume: 46, Issue:12
Angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonists. Clinical implications of active metabolites.
AID23918Renal clearance value was evaluated2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-05, Volume: 46, Issue:12
Angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonists. Clinical implications of active metabolites.
AID644751Displacement of [125I]Sar1 Ile8-Ang 2 from angiotensin 2 AT2 receptor after 180 mins by gamma counting2012European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 49Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-substituted aminocarbonyl benzimidazole derivatives as nonpeptidic angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonists.
AID1214048Cmax in human plasma expressing CYP2C8*2 allele carrier polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID1220554Fraction unbound in Wistar Han rat brain homogenates at 1 uM after 6 hrs by equilibrium dialysis method2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Species independence in brain tissue binding using brain homogenates.
AID1473741Inhibition of human MRP4 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID444053Renal clearance in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID625291Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1211218Ratio of unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance in human liver microsomes in presence of 1% bovine serum albumin to unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance in human liver microsomes in absence of bovine serum albumin2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1211285Glucuronidation clearance in human liver microsomes in presence of bovine serum albumin2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1231381Activity at full length human PPARgamma transfected in CV1 cells assessed as transactivation activity after 24 hrs by PPRE-TK- luciferase reporter gene assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 58, Issue:14
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) and Ligand Choreography: Newcomers Take the Stage.
AID977600pIC50 values for sodium fluorescein (10 uM) uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID499442Activation of Gal4-tagged human PPARgamma expressed in CHO cells by luciferase reporter gene assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16
Characterization of new PPARgamma agonists: benzimidazole derivatives-importance of positions 5 and 6, and computational studies on the binding mode.
AID1473852Ratio of drug concentration at steady state in human at 20 to 80 mg, po QD after 24 hrs to IC50 for human MRP4 overexpressed in Sf9 insect cells2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1698008Hepatic clearance in Wistar Hannover rat at 1 mg/kg, iv
AID1214175Tmax in women plasma at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID1214173Half life in women plasma at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID1210068Non-competitive inhibition of human recombinant CYP2J2 assessed as reduction in astemizole O-demethylation by LC-MS/MS method and Dixon plot2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID1649487Anti-hepatosteatosis activity in C57BL/6 mouse model of streptozotocin-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis assessed as reduction in ALT level at 10 mg/kg/day, po administered for 21 days formulated into HFD measured post-last dose2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-11, Volume: 63, Issue:11
6-Amino[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-
AID1214064Half life in human plasma expressing CYP2C9*3 allele carrier polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID625284Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1757131Agonist activity at Gal4-fused human PPARgamma transfected in African green monkey COS7 cells co-transfected with pGal5-TK-pGL3 and pRenilla-CMV assessed as receptor transactivation at 10 uM incubated for 39 hrs by dual luciferase reporter gene assay rela2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 216Tackling resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia: Novel cell death modulators with improved efficacy.
AID1214172Half life in men plasma at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID1737445Inhibition of STAT5 phosphorylation in imatinib-resistant human K562 cells in presence of imatinib at 10 uM measured after 6 hrs by Western blot assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 195Identification and development of non-cytotoxic cell death modulators: Impact of sartans and derivatives on PPARγ activation and on growth of imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia cells.
AID444052Hepatic clearance in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1473738Inhibition of human BSEP overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-taurocholate in presence of ATP measured after 15 to 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1560680Improvement in liver fibrosis in Stelic C57BL/6 mouse model of streptozotocin-induced NASH assessed as effect on liver Cd146 mRNA expression at 10 mg/kg/day, po for 21 days2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5
[1,2,5]Oxadiazolo[3,4-
AID1649469Anti-hepatosteatosis activity in C57BL/6 mouse model of streptozotocin-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis assessed as fibrosis score at 10 mg/kg/day, po administered for 21 days formulated into HFD measured post-last dose by Picro-Sirius red staining ba2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-11, Volume: 63, Issue:11
6-Amino[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-
AID1211213Unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance in human intestinal microsomes at 1 uM after 30 to 60 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis in presence of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1697999Dissociation constant, acidic pKa of compound measured up to 18 mins by capillary electrophoresis
AID1214060Tmax in human plasma expressing CYP2C9*1/*1 polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID37689Inhibition of specific binding of [125I]angiotensin-II to angiotensin 1 receptor in rat lung membrane preparation1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 36, Issue:25
6-Substituted benzimidazoles as new nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists: synthesis, biological activity, and structure-activity relationships.
AID444055Fraction absorbed in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1220796Drug metabolism in bile duct-cannulated rat assessed as glucuronide concentration in bile and urine at 0.2 mg/kg, iv up to 24 hrs by LC/MS/MS analysis2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 39, Issue:5
Human pharmacokinetic prediction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates with an animal scale-up approach.
AID540210Clearance in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1220557Fraction unbound in Hartley guinea pig brain homogenates at 1 uM after 6 hrs by equilibrium dialysis method2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Species independence in brain tissue binding using brain homogenates.
AID977604Ki values for sodium fluorescein (10 uM) uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID186525Fall in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) at 1 mg/kg po bid for 4 days after first treatment in conscious chronically-instrumented renovascular hypertensive rats1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 36, Issue:25
6-Substituted benzimidazoles as new nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists: synthesis, biological activity, and structure-activity relationships.
AID1210081Inhibition of human recombinant CYP2J2 assessed as reduction in astemizole O-demethylation after 30 mins by LC-MS/MS method in presence of 1 mM NADPH2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID977601Ki values for sodium fluorescein (10 uM) uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1203549Potentiation of human GlyR-alpha1 expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes assessed as induction of glycine-activated currents at 1 uM after 1 to 4 days by two-electrode voltage clamp assay relative to control2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7
Ensemble-based virtual screening for cannabinoid-like potentiators of the human glycine receptor α1 for the treatment of pain.
AID1698009Hepatic clearance in cynomolgus monkey at < 1 mg/kg, iv administered as cassette dosing
AID1649477Toxicity in C57BL/6 mouse model of streptozotocin-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis assessed as effect on liver weight at 10 mg/kg/day, po formulated into HFD administered for 21 days measured during compound dosing2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-11, Volume: 63, Issue:11
6-Amino[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-
AID1220787Fraction unbound in dog plasma by ultracentrifugation method2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 39, Issue:5
Human pharmacokinetic prediction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates with an animal scale-up approach.
AID1473740Inhibition of human MRP3 overexpressed in Sf9 insect cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 10 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1428292Agonist activity at GST-tagged human recombinant PPARgamma-LBD assessed as fluorescein-labeled coactivator PGC-1alpha recruitment by lanthascreen TR-FRET assay2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126Importance of 5/6-aryl substitution on the pharmacological profile of 4'-((2-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid derived PPARγ agonists.
AID1757125Induction of cell sensitization to imatinib in imatinib-resistant human K562 cells assessed as cell death at 10 uM incubated for 72 hrs in presence of 1 uM imatinib by PI staining based flow cytometry (Rvb = 19%)2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 216Tackling resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia: Novel cell death modulators with improved efficacy.
AID588209Literature-mined public compounds from Greene et al multi-species hepatotoxicity modelling dataset2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jul-19, Volume: 23, Issue:7
Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity.
AID607038Partial agonist activity at human PPARgamma-LBD/Gal4 DNA binding domain by transactivation assay2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-23, Volume: 54, Issue:12
Discovery of a series of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines with dual activity at angiotensin II type 1 receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ.
AID1214174Tmax in men plasma at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID576507Antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 infected in RBCs by firefly luciferase reporter gene assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9
Discovery of potent small-molecule inhibitors of multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum using a novel miniaturized high-throughput luciferase-based assay.
AID977599Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1214056Clearance in human plasma expressing CYP2C8*3 allele carrier polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID1220800Drug metabolism in bile duct-cannulated monkey assessed as glucuronide concentration in bile and urine at 0.2 mg/kg, iv up to 24 hrs by LC/MS/MS analysis2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 39, Issue:5
Human pharmacokinetic prediction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates with an animal scale-up approach.
AID625289Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1220237Unbound fraction during UGT-mediated glucuronidation in human intestinal microsomes2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1473840Drug concentration at steady state in human at 20 to 80 mg, po QD after 24 hrs2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1649483Toxicity in C57BL/6 mouse model of streptozotocin-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis assessed as increase in plasma cholesterol level at 25 mg/kg/day, po formulated into HFD administered for 21 days measured post last dose by GPO reagent based colorimet2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-11, Volume: 63, Issue:11
6-Amino[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-
AID673037Displacement of [125I]Sar1Ile8-Ang2 from angiotensin AT1 receptor after 180 mins by gamma counting2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 20, Issue:14
Design, synthesis and biological activity of 6-substituted carbamoyl benzimidazoles as new nonpeptidic angiotensin II AT₁ receptor antagonists.
AID540211Fraction unbound in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1211281Ratio of drug level blood to plasma in human2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1193492Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility, log S of the compound in water at RT after 4 hrs by 96 well plate method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 25, Issue:7
Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility measurements in simulated fluids by 96-well plate method in early drug discovery.
AID1210070Inhibition of CYP2D6 in human liver microsomes using bufuralol substrate by LC-MS/MS method2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID1211185Ratio of UGT1A3-mediated unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance in human kidney microsomes to UGT1A3-mediated unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance in human liver microsomes at 1 uM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1220256Total clearance in human2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1220790Ratio of drug level in blood to plasma in rat2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 39, Issue:5
Human pharmacokinetic prediction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates with an animal scale-up approach.
AID1211282Fraction metabolized glucuronidation in human liver microsomes in presence of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1220559Fraction unbound in cynomolgus monkey brain homogenates at 1 uM after 6 hrs by equilibrium dialysis method2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Species independence in brain tissue binding using brain homogenates.
AID1535246Agonist activity at PPARgamma in mouse 3T3L1 cells assessed as increase in CD36 mRNA expression at 10 uM after 24 hrs by SYBR green dye based RT-PCR analysis2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 29, Issue:4
Identification of BR101549 as a lead candidate of non-TZD PPARγ agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: Proof-of-concept evaluation and SAR.
AID1210084Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for CYP21A2 in human liver microsomes to IC50 for human recombinant CYP2J22013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID1220241Intrinsic clearance in human intestinal microsomes assessed CYP450-mediated glucuronidation clearance2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1473841Ratio of drug concentration at steady state in human at 20 to 80 mg, po QD after 24 hrs to IC50 for human BSEP overexpressed in Sf9 insect cells2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1698000Apparent permeability in dog MDCKII-LE cells at pH 7.4
AID1443995Hepatotoxicity in human assessed as drug-induced liver injury2014Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), Sep, Volume: 60, Issue:3
Human drug-induced liver injury severity is highly associated with dual inhibition of liver mitochondrial function and bile salt export pump.
AID1737436Cytotoxicity against African green monkey COS7 cells assessed as effect on metabolic activity at 10 uM measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 195Identification and development of non-cytotoxic cell death modulators: Impact of sartans and derivatives on PPARγ activation and on growth of imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia cells.
AID1443980Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in fall armyworm sf9 cell plasma membrane vesicles assessed as reduction in vesicle-associated [3H]-taurocholate transport preincubated for 10 mins prior to ATP addition measured after 15 mins in presence of [3H]-tauroch2010Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Dec, Volume: 118, Issue:2
Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development.
AID1220239Unbound intrinsic clearance in human intestinal microsomes assessed UGT-mediated glucuronidation clearance2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1428291Agonist activity at GST-tagged human recombinant PPARgamma-LBD assessed as fluorescein-labeled coactivator TRAP220 recruitment by lanthascreen TR-FRET assay2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126Importance of 5/6-aryl substitution on the pharmacological profile of 4'-((2-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid derived PPARγ agonists.
AID1220258Renal clearance in human2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1193498Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility, log S of the compound simulated gastric fluid at pH 1.2 at RT after 24 hrs by shake-flask method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 25, Issue:7
Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility measurements in simulated fluids by 96-well plate method in early drug discovery.
AID1428293Agonist activity at GST-tagged human recombinant PPARgamma-LBD assessed as fluorescein-labeled corepressor NCoR1 release by lanthascreen TR-FRET assay2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126Importance of 5/6-aryl substitution on the pharmacological profile of 4'-((2-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid derived PPARγ agonists.
AID1210075Ratio of IC50 for human recombinant CYP2J2 in absence of 1 mM NADPH to IC50 for human recombinant CYP2J2 in absence of 1 mM NADPH2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID540213Half life in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1214170Cmax in men plasma at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID1220560Fraction unbound in human occipital cortex at 1 uM after 6 hrs by equilibrium dialysis method2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Species independence in brain tissue binding using brain homogenates.
AID1560647Effect on food intake in Stelic C57BL/6 mouse model of streptozotocin-induced NASH assessed as reduction in food intake at 10 mg/kg/day, po for 21 days2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5
[1,2,5]Oxadiazolo[3,4-
AID1698002Intrinsic clearance in cryopreserved human hepatocytes at 1 uM measured up to 120 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis
AID1428290Transactivation of Gal4 fused human PPARgamma LBD expressed in African green monkey COS7 cells after 42 hrs by dual luciferase reporter gene assay relative to pioglitazone2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126Importance of 5/6-aryl substitution on the pharmacological profile of 4'-((2-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid derived PPARγ agonists.
AID1220259Oral absorption in human2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1473842Ratio of drug concentration at steady state in human at 20 to 80 mg, po QD after 24 hrs to IC50 for human MRP3 overexpressed in Sf9 insect cells2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID605751Antidiabetic activity in ZDF rat assessed as adiponectin level at 100 mg/kg, po QD for 40 days (Rvb = 11.9+/-1.5 ug/ml)2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-23, Volume: 54, Issue:12
Discovery of a series of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines with dual activity at angiotensin II type 1 receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ.
AID1220788Fraction unbound in human plasma by ultracentrifugation method2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 39, Issue:5
Human pharmacokinetic prediction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates with an animal scale-up approach.
AID1211248Unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance in human liver microsomes at 1 uM after 30 to 60 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis in presence of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and 1% bovine serum albumin2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID444050Fraction unbound in human plasma2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1220791Ratio of drug level in blood to plasma in monkey2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 39, Issue:5
Human pharmacokinetic prediction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates with an animal scale-up approach.
AID1211245Unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance in human liver microsomes at 1 uM after 30 to 60 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis in presence of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1214047AUC in human plasma expressing CYP2C8*2 allele carrier polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID410429Antihypertensive activity against angiopoietin 2-induced pressor response in conscious normotensive Beagle dog assessed as rate of change of mean systolic blood pressure at 2.13 mg/kg, po after 1 hr2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 16, Issue:24
Synthesis and biological activities of novel nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists based on benzimidazole derivatives bearing a heterocyclic ring.
AID1649488Toxicity in C57BL/6 mouse model of streptozotocin-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis assessed as change in plasma AST level at 10 mg/kg/day, po formulated into HFD administered for 21 days measured post last dose2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-11, Volume: 63, Issue:11
6-Amino[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-
AID588210Human drug-induced liver injury (DILI) modelling dataset from Ekins et al2010Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 38, Issue:12
A predictive ligand-based Bayesian model for human drug-induced liver injury.
AID1220799Drug metabolism in gallbladder-cannulated mouse assessed as glucuronide concentration in bile and urine at 0.2 mg/kg, iv up to 24 hrs by LC/MS/MS analysis2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 39, Issue:5
Human pharmacokinetic prediction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates with an animal scale-up approach.
AID1211215Unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance in human intestinal microsomes at 1 uM after 30 to 60 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis in presence of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and 1% bovine serum albumin2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID977602Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID644754Toxicity against Photobacterium phosphoreum T3 mutant assessed as inhibition of luminescence after 15 mins by microtox test2012European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 49Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-substituted aminocarbonyl benzimidazole derivatives as nonpeptidic angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonists.
AID1220795Plasma clearance in po dosed human2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 39, Issue:5
Human pharmacokinetic prediction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates with an animal scale-up approach.
AID1211192Ratio of UGT1A3-mediated unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance in human intestinal microsomes to UGT1A3-mediated unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance in human liver microsomes at 1 uM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID728045Partial agonist activity at human PPARgamma-LBD/Gal4 DNA binding domain by transactivation assay2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-one derivatives with dual activity at angiotensin II type 1 receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ.
AID1330912Full agonist activity at PPARgamma in mouse 3T3L1 preadipocytes assessed as increase in insulin induced adipocyte differentiation by measuring triglyceride accumulation at 10 uM after 9 days by Oil-Red O staining based assay relative to control2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124New telmisartan-derived PPARγ agonists: Impact of the 3D-binding mode on the pharmacological profile.
AID1698010Hepatic clearance in human administered through iv dosing
AID1220257Ratio of drug level in blood to plasma in human2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1918192Inhibition of human OAT2 tv.1 variant expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of [3H]cGMP uptake by scintillation analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-10, Volume: 65, Issue:21
Identification of Organic Anion Transporter 2 Inhibitors: Screening, Structure-Based Analysis, and Clinical Drug Interaction Risk Assessment.
AID459530Agonist activity at human PPARdelta expressed in african green monkey CV1 cells by Gal4 transactivation assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological activities of novel indole derivatives as potent and selective PPARgamma modulators.
AID685500HARVARD: Cytotoxicity in HepG2 cell line2012Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, May-29, Volume: 109, Issue:22
Liver-stage malaria parasites vulnerable to diverse chemical scaffolds.
AID1214168AUC in men plasma at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID685503HARVARD: Inhibition of blood stage Plasmodium falciparum Dd2 infection2012Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, May-29, Volume: 109, Issue:22
Liver-stage malaria parasites vulnerable to diverse chemical scaffolds.
AID1698001Lipophilicity, log D of the compound at pH 7.4 by by shake flask method
AID186689Maximum fall in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) at 1 mg/kg po bid after 4 days of treatment in conscious chronically-instrumented renovascular hypertensive rats1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 36, Issue:25
6-Substituted benzimidazoles as new nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists: synthesis, biological activity, and structure-activity relationships.
AID1333357Transactivation of GAL4-fused human PPARgamma ligand binding domain expressed in African green monkey COS7 cells at 10 uM after 42 hrs by dual luciferase reporter gene assay2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124Evaluation of selected 3D virtual screening tools for the prospective identification of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ partial agonists.
AID625281Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1210086Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for CYP2D6 in human liver microsomes to IC50 for human recombinant CYP2J22013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID607114Antidiabetic activity in ZDF rat assessed as blood glucose level at 100 mg/kg, po QD for 40 days (Rvb = 771+/-60 mg/dL)2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-23, Volume: 54, Issue:12
Discovery of a series of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines with dual activity at angiotensin II type 1 receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ.
AID1211243Fraction unbound in human liver microsomes at 1 uM after 30 to 60 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis in presence of 1% bovine serum albumin2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1220798Half life in human2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 39, Issue:5
Human pharmacokinetic prediction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates with an animal scale-up approach.
AID1193496Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility, log S of the compound in water at RT after 24 hrs by shake-flask method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 25, Issue:7
Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility measurements in simulated fluids by 96-well plate method in early drug discovery.
AID425652Total body clearance in human2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15
Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID39652Inhibition against Angiotensin II receptor, type 12003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-05, Volume: 46, Issue:12
Angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonists. Clinical implications of active metabolites.
AID644750Displacement of [125I]Sar1 Ile8-Ang 2 from angiotensin 2 AT1 receptor after 180 mins by gamma counting2012European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 49Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-substituted aminocarbonyl benzimidazole derivatives as nonpeptidic angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonists.
AID1211284Glucuronidation clearance in human liver microsomes2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID410430Antihypertensive activity against angiopoietin 2-induced pressor response in conscious normotensive Beagle dog assessed as rate of change of mean diastolic blood pressure at 2.13 mg/kg, po after 1 hr2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 16, Issue:24
Synthesis and biological activities of novel nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists based on benzimidazole derivatives bearing a heterocyclic ring.
AID1220794Plasma clearance in human2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 39, Issue:5
Human pharmacokinetic prediction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates with an animal scale-up approach.
AID459531Displacement of radiolabeled ((5-{4-[Methyl-pyridin-2yl-amino)-ethoxy]-benzyl}-thiazolidine-2,4-dione) from human PPARgamma ligand binding domain expressed in Escherichia coli2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological activities of novel indole derivatives as potent and selective PPARgamma modulators.
AID1737435Agonist activity at human PPARgammaDEF receptor expressed in african green monkey COS7 cells transfected with pGal5-TK-pGL3/pRenilla-CMV assessed as intrinsic activity measured after 39 hrs by dual luciferase reporter assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 195Identification and development of non-cytotoxic cell death modulators: Impact of sartans and derivatives on PPARγ activation and on growth of imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia cells.
AID1220786Fraction unbound in monkey plasma by ultracentrifugation method2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 39, Issue:5
Human pharmacokinetic prediction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates with an animal scale-up approach.
AID721754Inhibition of human MATE1-mediated ASP+ uptake expressed in HEK293 cells after 1.5 mins by fluorescence assay2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Discovery of potent, selective multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 1 (MATE1, SLC47A1) inhibitors through prescription drug profiling and computational modeling.
AID459535Agonist activity at mouse PPARgamma expressed in african green monkey CV1 cells by Gal4 transactivation assay relative to rosiglitazone2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological activities of novel indole derivatives as potent and selective PPARgamma modulators.
AID1214076Clearance in human plasma expressing CYP2C9*3 allele carrier polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID27037Half life of compound was determined2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-05, Volume: 46, Issue:12
Angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonists. Clinical implications of active metabolites.
AID1698006Ratio of drug level in cynomolgus monkey blood to plasma administered through iv dosing by LC-MS/MS analysis
AID1220784Fraction unbound in mouse plasma by ultracentrifugation method2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 39, Issue:5
Human pharmacokinetic prediction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates with an animal scale-up approach.
AID1070147Agonist activity at human PPARgamma expressed in CV-1 cells by reporter gene assay relative to rosiglitazone2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 24, Issue:4
Discovery of novel indazole derivatives as dual angiotensin II antagonists and partial PPARγ agonists.
AID1474166Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring severity class index2016Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID685502HARVARD: Inhibition of blood stage Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 infection2012Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, May-29, Volume: 109, Issue:22
Liver-stage malaria parasites vulnerable to diverse chemical scaffolds.
AID1211222Ratio of unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance in human intestinal microsomes in presence of 1% bovine serum albumin to unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance in human intestinal microsomes in absence of bovine serum albumin2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1220240Unbound fraction during CYP4500-mediated metabolism in human intestinal microsomes2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID236277Volume distribution was determined2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-30, Volume: 48, Issue:13
Pharmacophore, drug metabolism, and pharmacokinetics models on non-peptide AT1, AT2, and AT1/AT2 angiotensin II receptor antagonists.
AID459552Inhibition of AT1 receptor2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological activities of novel indole derivatives as potent and selective PPARgamma modulators.
AID1535245Agonist activity at PPARgamma in mouse 3T3L1 cells assessed as increase in AP1 mRNA expression at 10 uM after 24 hrs by SYBR green dye based RT-PCR analysis2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 29, Issue:4
Identification of BR101549 as a lead candidate of non-TZD PPARγ agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: Proof-of-concept evaluation and SAR.
AID444057Fraction escaping hepatic elimination in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1214053Cmax in human plasma expressing CYP2C8*3 allele carrier polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID1129361Unbound fraction in HEK293 cell homogenate at 0.1 uM by equilibrium dialysis based UPLC-MS/MS analysis2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 57, Issue:7
A high-throughput cell-based method to predict the unbound drug fraction in the brain.
AID1864495Inhibition of OCT3 (unknown origin) overexpressed in HEK293 cells assessed as intracellular accumulation of ASP+ incubated for 2 mins by Analyst AD plate reader method relative to control2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-22, Volume: 65, Issue:18
Substrates and Inhibitors of the Organic Cation Transporter 3 and Comparison with OCT1 and OCT2.
AID1294157Antihypertensive activity in SHR rat assessed as reduction in mean blood pressure at 10 mg/kg, po measured upto 24 hrs post dosing2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-10, Volume: 115N-Phenyl indole derivatives as AT1 antagonists with anti-hypertension activities: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation.
AID1330914Growth inhibition of human LNCAP cells expressing PPARgamma at 50 uM after 72 hrs by crystal violet staining based assay2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124New telmisartan-derived PPARγ agonists: Impact of the 3D-binding mode on the pharmacological profile.
AID1214176Clearance in men plasma at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID1737434Agonist activity at human PPARgammaDEF receptor expressed in african green monkey COS7 cells transfected with pGal5-TK-pGL3/pRenilla-CMV assessed as maximal activation at 10 uM measured after 39 hrs by dual luciferase reporter assay relative to pioglitazo2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 195Identification and development of non-cytotoxic cell death modulators: Impact of sartans and derivatives on PPARγ activation and on growth of imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia cells.
AID1692291Modulation of TxA2 receptor in human platelet suspension assessed as lowest concentration that reduced U46619-induced platelet aggregation preincubated for 5 min followed by U46619 stimulation by light transmission aggregometry2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-12, Volume: 63, Issue:21
Progress toward a Glycoprotein VI Modulator for the Treatment of Thrombosis.
AID459528Agonist activity at human PPARalpha expressed in african green monkey CV1 cells by Gal4 transactivation assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological activities of novel indole derivatives as potent and selective PPARgamma modulators.
AID625285Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1214043Cmax in human plasma expressing CYP2C8*1/*1 polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID1428289Transactivation of Gal4 fused human PPARgamma LBD expressed in African green monkey COS7 cells after 42 hrs by dual luciferase reporter gene assay2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126Importance of 5/6-aryl substitution on the pharmacological profile of 4'-((2-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid derived PPARγ agonists.
AID1560656Effect on body weight in Stelic C57BL/6 mouse model of streptozotocin-induced NASH at 10 mg/kg/day, po for 21 days2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5
[1,2,5]Oxadiazolo[3,4-
AID239885pKa value against human Angiotensin II receptor type 12005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-30, Volume: 48, Issue:13
Pharmacophore, drug metabolism, and pharmacokinetics models on non-peptide AT1, AT2, and AT1/AT2 angiotensin II receptor antagonists.
AID1210069Inhibition of human recombinant CYP2J2 assessed as reduction in astemizole O-demethylation by LC-MS/MS method2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID1211210Unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance in human kidney microsomes at 1 uM after 30 to 60 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis in presence of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and 1% bovine serum albumin2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1214042AUC in human plasma expressing CYP2C8*1/*1 polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID459534Agonist activity at mouse PPARgamma expressed in african green monkey CV1 cells by Gal4 transactivation assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological activities of novel indole derivatives as potent and selective PPARgamma modulators.
AID1210071Inhibition of CYP3A4 in human liver microsomes using testosterone substrate by LC-MS/MS method2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID444060Agonist activity at human recombinant PPARgamma expressed in CV1 cells coexpressing GAL4 assessed as receptor transactivation at 10 uM by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to full agonist2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Design, synthesis, and docking studies of novel benzimidazoles for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
AID1214062AUC in human plasma expressing CYP2C9*3 allele carrier polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID1220556Fraction unbound in CD-1 mouse brain homogenates at 1 uM after 6 hrs by equilibrium dialysis method2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Species independence in brain tissue binding using brain homogenates.
AID444054Oral bioavailability in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1473739Inhibition of human MRP2 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1443991Induction of mitochondrial dysfunction in Sprague-Dawley rat liver mitochondria assessed as inhibition of mitochondrial respiration per mg mitochondrial protein measured for 20 mins by A65N-1 oxygen probe based fluorescence assay2014Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), Sep, Volume: 60, Issue:3
Human drug-induced liver injury severity is highly associated with dual inhibition of liver mitochondrial function and bile salt export pump.
AID1220555Fraction unbound in Sprague-Dawley rat brain homogenates at 1 uM after 6 hrs by equilibrium dialysis method2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Species independence in brain tissue binding using brain homogenates.
AID1698003Fraction unbound in rat plasma
AID1333356Displacement of Fluoromone from GST-tagged recombinant human PPARgamma ligand binding domain by LanthaScreen TR-FRET assay2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124Evaluation of selected 3D virtual screening tools for the prospective identification of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ partial agonists.
AID1560681Improvement in liver fibrosis in Stelic C57BL/6 mouse model of streptozotocin-induced NASH assessed as effect on liver Gfap mRNA expression at 10 mg/kg/day, po for 21 days2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5
[1,2,5]Oxadiazolo[3,4-
AID1551775Inhibition of AT1 receptor (unknown origin)2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173Multitarget PPARγ agonists as innovative modulators of the metabolic syndrome.
AID1211199Ratio of UGT1A3-mediated unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance in human kidney microsomes to UGT1A3-mediated unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance in human intestinal microsomes at 1 uM2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1333358Transactivation of GAL4-fused human PPARgamma ligand binding domain expressed in African green monkey COS7 cells at 10 uM after 42 hrs by dual luciferase reporter gene assay relative to pioglitazone2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124Evaluation of selected 3D virtual screening tools for the prospective identification of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ partial agonists.
AID1443992Total Cmax in human administered as single dose2014Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), Sep, Volume: 60, Issue:3
Human drug-induced liver injury severity is highly associated with dual inhibition of liver mitochondrial function and bile salt export pump.
AID247113Maximal effect produced by the drug in human2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-30, Volume: 48, Issue:13
Pharmacophore, drug metabolism, and pharmacokinetics models on non-peptide AT1, AT2, and AT1/AT2 angiotensin II receptor antagonists.
AID1193499Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility, log S of the compound simulated intestinal fluid at pH 6.8 at RT after 24 hrs by shake-flask method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 25, Issue:7
Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility measurements in simulated fluids by 96-well plate method in early drug discovery.
AID1649476Toxicity in C57BL/6 mouse model of streptozotocin-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis assessed as effect on body weight at 10 mg/kg/day, po formulated into HFD administered for 21 days measured during compound dosing2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-11, Volume: 63, Issue:11
6-Amino[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-
AID1214050Tmax in human plasma expressing CYP2C8*2 allele carrier polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID625282Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID459527Agonist activity at human PPARgamma expressed in african green monkey CV1 cells by Gal4 transactivation assay relative to rosiglitazone2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological activities of novel indole derivatives as potent and selective PPARgamma modulators.
AID459536Agonist activity at mouse PPARalpha expressed in african green monkey CV1 cells by Gal4 transactivation assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological activities of novel indole derivatives as potent and selective PPARgamma modulators.
AID1211251Unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance in human kidney microsomes at 1 uM after 30 to 60 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis in presence of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1333354Displacement of Fluoromone from GST-tagged recombinant human PPARgamma ligand binding domain at 10 uM by LanthaScreen TR-FRET assay relative to control2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124Evaluation of selected 3D virtual screening tools for the prospective identification of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ partial agonists.
AID1210072Inhibition of CYP2C9 in human liver microsomes using tolbutamide substrate by LC-MS/MS method2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID1193497Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility, log S of the compound PBS at pH 7.4 at RT after 24 hrs by shake-flask method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 25, Issue:7
Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility measurements in simulated fluids by 96-well plate method in early drug discovery.
AID1216814Metabolic activation assessed as CYP2C9 activation-induced cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells transfected with human AdCYP2C9 at MOI 10 for 2 days in presence of siNrf2 at 25 to 100 uM after 24 hrs by WST-8 assay2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 39, Issue:5
CYP2C9-mediated metabolic activation of losartan detected by a highly sensitive cell-based screening assay.
AID1560670Improvement in liver fibrosis in Stelic C57BL/6 mouse model of streptozotocin-induced NASH assessed as effect on plasma AST level at 10 mg/kg/day, po for 21 days2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5
[1,2,5]Oxadiazolo[3,4-
AID1560662Improvement in liver fibrosis in Stelic C57BL/6 mouse model of streptozotocin-induced NASH assessed as reduction in plasma triglyceride at 10 mg/kg/day, po for 21 days2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5
[1,2,5]Oxadiazolo[3,4-
AID1330909Intrinsic activity at Gal4 fused PPARgamma LBD (unknown origin) expressed in African green monkey COS7 cells after 42 hrs by luciferase assay relative to pioglitazone2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124New telmisartan-derived PPARγ agonists: Impact of the 3D-binding mode on the pharmacological profile.
AID685501HARVARD: Inhibition of liver stage Plasmodium berghei infection in HepG2 cells2012Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, May-29, Volume: 109, Issue:22
Liver-stage malaria parasites vulnerable to diverse chemical scaffolds.
AID1220789Ratio of drug level in blood to plasma in mouse2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 39, Issue:5
Human pharmacokinetic prediction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates with an animal scale-up approach.
AID1211283Fraction metabolized glucuronidation in human liver microsomes in presence of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and bovine serum albumin2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID717844Inhibition of mouse Ido2 transfected in HEK293T cells using L-tryptophan as substrate assessed as kynurenine formation at 20 uM after 45 mins by spectrophotometric analysis relative to control2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 22, Issue:24
Identification of selective inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2.
AID1193494Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility, log S of the compound in simulated gastric fluid at pH 1.2 at RT after 4 hrs by 96 well plate method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 25, Issue:7
Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility measurements in simulated fluids by 96-well plate method in early drug discovery.
AID1214054Half life in human plasma expressing CYP2C8*3 allele carrier polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID1333355Displacement of Fluoromone from GST-tagged recombinant human PPARgamma ligand binding domain at 10 uM by LanthaScreen TR-FRET assay relative to pioglitazone2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124Evaluation of selected 3D virtual screening tools for the prospective identification of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ partial agonists.
AID1210087Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for CYP2C9 in human liver microsomes to IC50 for human recombinant CYP2J22013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID728046Displacement of [125I]Tyr4-Sar1,Ile8-Angiotensin II from human Angiotensin 1 receptor after2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-one derivatives with dual activity at angiotensin II type 1 receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ.
AID605753Antidiabetic activity in ZDF rat assessed as body weight gain at 100 mg/kg, po QD for 40 days measured on day 32 (Rvb = 133+/-9 g)2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-23, Volume: 54, Issue:12
Discovery of a series of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines with dual activity at angiotensin II type 1 receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ.
AID1578131Induction of sensitization to imatinib-induced cytotoxicity in imatinib-resistant human K562-IMA[r] cells assessed as induction of cell death at 10 uM after 72 hrs in presence of 1 uM imatinib by propidium iodide/Triton-X100 dye based FACS analysis2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185Overcoming imatinib resistance in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells using non-cytotoxic cell death modulators.
AID1918193Dissociation constant, pKa of the compound2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-10, Volume: 65, Issue:21
Identification of Organic Anion Transporter 2 Inhibitors: Screening, Structure-Based Analysis, and Clinical Drug Interaction Risk Assessment.
AID410605Antihypertensive activity against angiopoietin 2-induced pressor response in conscious normotensive Beagle dog assessed as rate of change of mean arterial blood pressure at 2.13 mg/kg, po after 1 hr2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 16, Issue:24
Synthesis and biological activities of novel nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists based on benzimidazole derivatives bearing a heterocyclic ring.
AID1211278Clearance in iv dosed human2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1070148Agonist activity at human PPARgamma expressed in CV-1 cells by reporter gene assay2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 24, Issue:4
Discovery of novel indazole derivatives as dual angiotensin II antagonists and partial PPARγ agonists.
AID1214171Cmax in women plasma at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID1578130Transactivation of Gal4-fused human PPARgamma transfected in COS7 cells co-transfected with pGAL5-TK-pGL3 and pRennilla-CMV assessed as maximum intrinsic activation at 20 uM incubated for 39 hrs by dual luciferase reporter assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185Overcoming imatinib resistance in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells using non-cytotoxic cell death modulators.
AID237981Percentage modification of drug adsorbed after administration to human2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-30, Volume: 48, Issue:13
Pharmacophore, drug metabolism, and pharmacokinetics models on non-peptide AT1, AT2, and AT1/AT2 angiotensin II receptor antagonists.
AID1211290Drug metabolism in human kidney microsomes assessed as UGT1A3-mediated unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance at 1 uM after 30 to 60 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis in presence of 1% bovine serum albumin2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1214065Tmax in human plasma expressing CYP2C9*3 allele carrier polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID1214052AUC in human plasma expressing CYP2C8*3 allele carrier polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID1578128Transactivation of Gal4-fused human PPARgamma transfected in COS7 cells co-transfected with pGAL5-TK-pGL3 and pRennilla-CMV assessed as maximum intrinsic activation at 10 uM incubated for 39 hrs by dual luciferase reporter assay relative to pioglitazone2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185Overcoming imatinib resistance in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells using non-cytotoxic cell death modulators.
AID1211241Fraction unbound in human intestinal microsomes at 1 uM after 30 to 60 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1210074Inhibition of CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes using phenacetin substrate by LC-MS/MS method2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID1231382Activity at full length human PPARgamma transfected in CV1 cells assessed as transactivation activity after 24 hrs by PPRE-TK- luciferase reporter gene assay relative to rosiglitazone2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 58, Issue:14
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) and Ligand Choreography: Newcomers Take the Stage.
AID425653Renal clearance in human2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15
Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID27862Total clearance value was evaluated2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-05, Volume: 46, Issue:12
Angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonists. Clinical implications of active metabolites.
AID1737437Cytotoxicity against African green monkey COS7 cells assessed as effect on metabolic activity at 20 uM measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 195Identification and development of non-cytotoxic cell death modulators: Impact of sartans and derivatives on PPARγ activation and on growth of imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia cells.
AID1408901Transactivation of human PPARgamma expressed in human MCF7 cells harboring pPPRE3-tk-luc reporter at 10 uM after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to control2018European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-05, Volume: 158Synthesis and evaluation of new designed multiple ligands directed towards both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and angiotensin II type 1 receptor.
AID444056Fraction escaping gut-wall elimination in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1211178Drug metabolism in human intestinal microsomes assessed as UGT1A3-mediated unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance at 1 uM after 30 to 60 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1560657Effect on liver weight in Stelic C57BL/6 mouse model of streptozotocin-induced NASH at 10 mg/kg/day, po for 21 days2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5
[1,2,5]Oxadiazolo[3,4-
AID1211279Renal clearance in human2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1220801Drug metabolism in bile duct-cannulated dog assessed as glucuronide concentration in bile and urine at 0.2 mg/kg, iv up to 24 hrs by LC/MS/MS analysis2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 39, Issue:5
Human pharmacokinetic prediction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates with an animal scale-up approach.
AID1211239Fraction unbound in human kidney microsomes at 1 uM after 30 to 60 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1873191Inhibition of human ABCG2 expressed in dog MDCK-II-BCRP cells mediated pheophorbide A efflux and measured after 60 mins using pheophorbide A as fluorescent substrate by flow cytometry2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 237Targeting breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2): Functional inhibitors and expression modulators.
AID625288Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID605745Antidiabetic activity in ZDF rat assessed as body weight gain at 100 mg/kg, po QD for 40 days (Rvb = 133+/-9 g)2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-23, Volume: 54, Issue:12
Discovery of a series of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines with dual activity at angiotensin II type 1 receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ.
AID625287Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1214051Clearance in human plasma expressing CYP2C8*2 allele carrier polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID1214046Clearance in human plasma expressing CYP2C8*1/*1 polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID1560666Induction of hyperglycemia in Stelic C57BL/6 mouse model of streptozotocin-induced NASH at 10 mg/kg/day, po for 21 days2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5
[1,2,5]Oxadiazolo[3,4-
AID673041Toxicity against Photobacterium phosphoreum expressing T3 mutation after 15 mins by Microtox assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 20, Issue:14
Design, synthesis and biological activity of 6-substituted carbamoyl benzimidazoles as new nonpeptidic angiotensin II AT₁ receptor antagonists.
AID1214044Half life in human plasma expressing CYP2C8*1/*1 polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID568924Binding affinity to angiotensin AT1 receptor in rat lung membranes2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 18, Issue:24
Angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) selective nonpeptidic antagonists--a perspective.
AID540209Volume of distribution at steady state in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1757126Induction of cell sensitization to imatinib in imatinib-resistant human K562 cells assessed as cell death at 5 uM incubated for 72 hrs in presence of 1 uM imatinib by PI staining based flow cytometry (Rvb = 19%)2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 216Tackling resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia: Novel cell death modulators with improved efficacy.
AID1214063Cmax in human plasma expressing CYP2C9*3 allele carrier polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID592681Apparent permeability across human Caco2 cell membrane after 2 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 19, Issue:8
QSAR-based permeability model for drug-like compounds.
AID1203550Potentiation of human GlyR-alpha1 expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes assessed as induction of glycine-activated currents after 1 to 4 days by two-electrode voltage clamp assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7
Ensemble-based virtual screening for cannabinoid-like potentiators of the human glycine receptor α1 for the treatment of pain.
AID774875Displacement of [125I]-Sar1Ile8-angiotensin 2 from angiotensin 2 AT1 receptor (unknown origin) after 180 mins by gamma counting analysis2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69Nonpeptidic angiotensin II AT₁ receptor antagonists derived from 6-substituted aminocarbonyl and acylamino benzimidazoles.
AID1211280Fraction unbound in human plasma2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID673042Inhibition of angiotensin AT1 receptor2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 20, Issue:14
Design, synthesis and biological activity of 6-substituted carbamoyl benzimidazoles as new nonpeptidic angiotensin II AT₁ receptor antagonists.
AID1214059Half life in human plasma expressing CYP2C9*1/*1 polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID243379Binding affinity for AT1 receptor2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-30, Volume: 48, Issue:13
Pharmacophore, drug metabolism, and pharmacokinetics models on non-peptide AT1, AT2, and AT1/AT2 angiotensin II receptor antagonists.
AID1220255Apparent permeability by PAMPA method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1535248Agonist activity at PPARgamma in mouse 3T3L1 cells assessed as increase in adiponectin mRNA expression at 10 uM after 24 hrs by SYBR green dye based RT-PCR analysis2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 29, Issue:4
Identification of BR101549 as a lead candidate of non-TZD PPARγ agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: Proof-of-concept evaluation and SAR.
AID476929Human intestinal absorption in po dosed human2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 45, Issue:3
Neural computational prediction of oral drug absorption based on CODES 2D descriptors.
AID1737443Cytotoxicity against human HS5 cells assessed as cell death at 10 uM measured after 72 hrs by Propidium iodide stain based FACS analysis2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 195Identification and development of non-cytotoxic cell death modulators: Impact of sartans and derivatives on PPARγ activation and on growth of imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia cells.
AID1214057AUC in human plasma expressing CYP2C9*1/*1 polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID1649484Toxicity in C57BL/6 mouse model of streptozotocin-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis assessed as increase in plasma glucose level at 25 mg/kg/day, po formulated into HFD administered for 21 days measured post last dose by GPO reagent based colorimetric 2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-11, Volume: 63, Issue:11
6-Amino[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-
AID1214055Tmax in human plasma expressing CYP2C8*3 allele carrier polymorphism at 80 mg by LC/MS/MS analysis2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Evaluation of the relationship between sex, polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers.
AID1210073Inhibition of CYP2C19 in human liver microsomes using omeprazole substrate by LC-MS/MS method2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID1737444Inhibition of STAT5 in imatinib-resistant human K562 cells assessed as effect on STAT5 expression in presence of imatinib at 10 uM measured after 6 hrs by Western blot assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 195Identification and development of non-cytotoxic cell death modulators: Impact of sartans and derivatives on PPARγ activation and on growth of imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia cells.
AID455986Permeability across human Caco-2 cells2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19
Computational modeling of novel inhibitors targeting the Akt pleckstrin homology domain.
AID699539Inhibition of human liver OATP1B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in E17-betaG uptake at 20 uM by scintillation counting2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10
Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID1193493Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility, log S of the compound in PBS at pH 7.4 at RT after 4 hrs by 96 well plate method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 25, Issue:7
Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility measurements in simulated fluids by 96-well plate method in early drug discovery.
AID1053271Inhibition of ACE (unknown origin) assessed as 3-Hydroxybutyril-glycil-glycil-glycine conversion to 3-hydroxybutyric acid at 500 uM after 60 mins by WST assay relative to control2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-14, Volume: 56, Issue:21
Experimental confirmation of new drug-target interactions predicted by Drug Profile Matching.
AID1698004Fraction unbound in cynomolgus monkey plasma
AID1211270Ratio of UGT1A3-mediated unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance in human intestinal microsomes to UGT1A3-mediated unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance in human liver microsomes at 1 uM in presence of 1% bovine serum albumin2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1578127Transactivation of Gal4-fused human PPARgamma transfected in COS7 cells co-transfected with pGAL5-TK-pGL3 and pRennilla-CMV incubated for 39 hrs by dual luciferase reporter assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185Overcoming imatinib resistance in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells using non-cytotoxic cell death modulators.
AID1211277Ratio of UGT1A3-mediated unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance in human kidney microsomes to UGT1A3-mediated unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance in human intestinal microsomes at 1 uM in presence of 1% bovine serum albumin2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID1649467Toxicity in C57BL/6 mouse model of streptozotocin-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis assessed as decrease in food consumption per cage at 10 mg/kg/day, po formulated into HFD administered for 21 days measured during compound dosing relative to control2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-11, Volume: 63, Issue:11
6-Amino[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-
AID607120Antidiabetic activity in ZDF rat assessed as triglyceride level at 100 mg/kg, po QD for 40 days (Rvb = 618+/-52 mg/dL)2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-23, Volume: 54, Issue:12
Discovery of a series of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines with dual activity at angiotensin II type 1 receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ.
AID1211171Drug metabolism in human kidney microsomes assessed as UGT1A3-mediated unbound intrinsic glucuronidation clearance at 1 uM after 30 to 60 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 40, Issue:4
Characterization of in vitro glucuronidation clearance of a range of drugs in human kidney microsomes: comparison with liver and intestinal glucuronidation and impact of albumin.
AID459538Agonist activity at mouse PPARdelta expressed in african green monkey CV1 cells by Gal4 transactivation assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological activities of novel indole derivatives as potent and selective PPARgamma modulators.
AID504749qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation2011Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043
Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1347152Confirmatory screen NINDS AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347149Furin counterscreen qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347167Vero cells viability qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347153Confirmatory screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347161Confirmatory screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347407qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347168HepG2 cells viability qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347169Tertiary RLuc qRT-PCR qHTS assay for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347425Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347424RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1745855NCATS anti-infectives library activity on the primary C. elegans qHTS viability assay2023Disease models & mechanisms, 03-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3
In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology.
AID1745854NCATS anti-infectives library activity on HEK293 viability as a counter-qHTS vs the C. elegans viability qHTS2023Disease models & mechanisms, 03-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3
In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology.
AID1347411qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Mechanism Interrogation Plate v5.0 (MIPE) Libary2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID540299A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21
Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID588519A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities2011Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3
High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID686947qHTS for small molecule inhibitors of Yes1 kinase: Primary Screen2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 23, Issue:15
Identification of potent Yes1 kinase inhibitors using a library screening approach.
AID1159550Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening2015Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11
6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
AID1346995Human AT1 receptor (Angiotensin receptors)1998Drugs, Dec, Volume: 56, Issue:6
Telmisartan.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (1,835)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's28 (1.53)18.2507
2000's620 (33.79)29.6817
2010's974 (53.08)24.3611
2020's213 (11.61)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 122.49

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index122.49 (24.57)
Research Supply Index7.79 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.78 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index228.21 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (122.49)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials480 (24.87%)5.53%
Reviews203 (10.52%)6.00%
Case Studies36 (1.87%)4.05%
Observational9 (0.47%)0.25%
Other1,202 (62.28%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (290)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
A Prospective Randomized Open-Label, Blinded-Endpoint (PROBE) Trial Comparing MICARDIS® (Telmisartan) (80 mg QD) and Amlodipine (5 mg QD) in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Hypertension Using Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring. [NCT02177409]Phase 3431 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-04-30Completed
A Prospective, Randomized, Open Label Blinded End Point (Probe), Crossover Study to Compare the Effects of Telmisartan and Losartan on Metabolic Profile of Renal Transplant Patients [NCT01224860]Phase 220 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-01-31Completed
Phase IV Study for Effect of Intensive Blood-Pressure Control Using Anti-hypertensive Agents in Essential Hypertension With History of Stroke [NCT01198496]Phase 45,000 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-10-31Recruiting
A Prospective, Randomised, Open-Label, Blinded-Endpoint, Parallel Group, Multicentre, Forced-Titration, 14-Week Treatment Study Comparing MICARDIS® (Telmisartan 40-80-80 mg, QD) and ALTACE® (Ramipril 2.5-5-10 mg, QD) in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Hype [NCT00274599]Phase 4812 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-10-09Completed
A Multi-center, Randomized, Open-label, Active Comparator-controlled, Phase 4 Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Blood Pressure Control of Telmisartan or Losartan in Essential Hypertensive Patients With Metabolic Syndrome [NCT05843162]Phase 4116 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-06-01Not yet recruiting
A Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled, Multicenter Phase3 Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Co-administrated Rosuvastatin/Ezetimibe and Telmisartan in Patients With Primary Hypercholesterolemia and Essential Hypertension [NCT03872232]Phase 3180 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-02-26Completed
Effect of Telmisartan and Captopril on Systemic Inflammation of Patients on Hemodialysis [NCT01271478]Phase 460 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-08-31Completed
Early Treatment of Vulnerable Individuals With Non-Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Multi-Arm Multi-Stage Randomized Trial (MAMS) to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Several Specific Treatments in Reducing the Risk of Clinical Worsening or Death in Sub-Saharan [NCT04920838]Phase 2/Phase 3600 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-04-12Recruiting
A Cohort Study of Telmisartan on Metabolic Components and Left Ventricular Remodeling in Obese Patients With Hypertension [NCT03956823]300 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-08-01Recruiting
A Randomized, Open-label, Single Dose, Replicate Crossover Clinical Trial to Compare the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of YH22162 in Healthy Volunteers [NCT03662620]Phase 167 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-10-05Completed
Relative Bioavailability of Telmisartan 40 mg/Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination Tablet Compared to Concomitant Use of Its Mono-components (i.e., Telmisartan 40 mg Tablet and Amlodipine 5 mg Tablet in Concomitant Use) Following Oral Administration in [NCT02259790]Phase 130 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-07-31Completed
Observation of Therapy With Micardis® (Telmisartan) in Patients With Essential Hypertension in Hospitals [NCT02238262]2,318 participants (Actual)Observational2000-05-31Completed
National, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Triple-dummy, Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Egito Association in the Treatment of Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension [NCT04970108]Phase 30 participants (Actual)Interventional2023-08-31Withdrawn(stopped due to Strategy review)
An Open Label, Randomized, Single-dose, 4-period Cross-over Study to Compare the Pharmacokinetics and Safety Following Administration of JLP-1401 and Co-administration of Telmisartan/Amlodipine and Rosuvastatin in Healthy Adult Volunteers [NCT03707899]Phase 149 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-12-13Completed
Single Dose, Full Replicate, Crossover Comparative Bioavailability Study of Telmisartan 80 mg Tablets in Healthy Male and Female Volunteers / Fasting State [NCT03705533]Phase 126 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-09-07Completed
Triple Therapy Prevention of Recurrent Intracerebral Disease EveNts Trial (TRIDENT) Cognitive Sub-Study [NCT03785067]Phase 31 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-02-27Terminated(stopped due to Contractual and financial issues.)
ONTARGET ONgoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination With Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial A Large, Simple Randomized Trial of an Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist (Telmisartan) and an ACE-Inhibitor (Ramipril) in Patients at High Risk for Cardiovascular E [NCT00153101]Phase 431,546 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-11-30Completed
A Randomized, Open-label, Multiple Doses, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction and Safety of S-amlodipine Between Free Combination of S-amlodipine and Telmisartan and S-amlodipine Monotherapy in Healthy Male Volunteers [NCT01356043]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-05-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Multi-center, Factorial Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Telmisartan/Rosuvastatin Co-administration in Hypertensive Patients With Hyperlipidemia [NCT02087540]Phase 3310 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-05-31Recruiting
A Randomized, Open-label, Multiple Doses, Crossover Study to Evaluate a Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction and Safety of Telmisartan Between Free Combination of Telmisartan and S-amlodipine and Telmisartan Monotherapy in Healthy Male Volunteers [NCT01356017]Phase 132 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-06-30Completed
Pharmacokinetics of Repeated Oral Doses of 80 mg Telmisartan (Micardis®) at Steady State Alone and in Combination With Repeated Oral Doses of Amlodipine 10 mg (Norvasc®) at Steady State. A Two-way Crossover, Open, Randomised Design Study [NCT02259816]Phase 138 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-05-31Completed
Randomized, Double-blind, Multi-center Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Telmisartan/Amlodipine and Rosuvastatin Co-administration in Hypertensive Patients With Hyperlipidemia [NCT03566316]Phase 3134 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-11-24Completed
Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Outpatient Treatments to Reduce the Risk of Worsening in Individuals With COVID-19 With Risk Factors (COVERAGE France) [NCT04356495]Phase 2/Phase 3412 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-07-29Completed
Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Micardis® (Telmisartan) in Patients With Essential Hypertension [NCT02176850]19,870 participants (Actual)Observational1999-01-31Completed
A Prospective Randomized Open-Label Blinded End Point (PROBE) Trial Comparing MICARDIS® (Telmisartan) (80 mg QD) and Valsartan (80 mg QD) in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Hypertension Using Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring. [NCT02177396]Phase 3426 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-04-30Completed
A Trial of Telmisartan Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease [NCT01075698]Phase 41,228 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-07-31Completed
PRoFESS - Prevention Regimen For Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes: A Double-blind, Active and Placebo Controlled Study of Aggrenox vs. Clopidogrel, With and Without Micardis [NCT00153062]Phase 420,332 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-08-31Completed
Triple Therapy Prevention of Recurrent Intracerebral Disease EveNts Trial (TRIDENT) MRI Sub-study [NCT03783754]4 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-08-09Terminated(stopped due to Not feasible to continue)
An Open-Label, Six Month Safety Evaluation of the Fixed Dose Combination of Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Hypertension [NCT02177487]Phase 3100 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-06-30Completed
Observation of Therapy With Micardis® (Telmisartan) in Patients With Essential Hypertension in Hospitals [NCT02187705]1,688 participants (Actual)Observational1999-05-31Completed
Pharmacovigilance and Patient Compliance in Hypertensive Patients. Observational Study [NCT02200575]10,333 participants (Actual)Observational1999-05-31Completed
A Prospective, Randomised, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Titration-to-Response Trial Comparing MICARDIS® (Telmisartan) (40 or 80 mg p.o. Once Daily) and COZAAR® / LORZAAR® (Losartan) (50 or 100 mg p.o. Once Daily) in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Hypertens [NCT02200653]Phase 4387 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-05-31Completed
An Open-label Evaluation of Trough and Peak Effects of 40 mg Telmisartan Tablet by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Chinese Patients With Mild to Moderate Essential Hypertension [NCT02206659]Phase 320 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-08-31Completed
Evolution of Pulse Pressure Following Initiation of Antihypertensive Therapy [NCT02202525]2,148 participants (Actual)Observational2001-01-31Completed
A Two-arm, Open-label, Single-sequence, Multiple Oral Dosings, Crossover Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and the Pharmacokinetic Interaction of THP-00101 and THP-00102 in Healthy Adult Volunteers [NCT06063109]Phase 151 participants (Actual)Interventional2023-10-09Completed
Bioequivalence Study of BIBR 277 Tablet (Mannitol Based) Compared With Its Capsule Formation in Healthy Male Volunteers [NCT02262585]Phase 130 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-07-31Completed
Bioequivalence of the 40 mg Telmisartan Film-coated Tablet Compared With the Conventional 40 mg Telmisartan Tablet Following Oral Administration in Healthy Male Volunteers (an Open-label, Randomised, Single-dose, Two-sequence, Four-period Replicated Cross [NCT02263989]Phase 130 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-01-31Completed
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of S-amlodipine+Chlorthalidone Combination Therapy and S-amlodipine+Telmisartan Combination Therapy in Hypertensive Patients Inadequately Controlled With Calcium Channel Blocker Monotherapy [NCT03226340]Phase 4170 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-12-02Recruiting
Combination Therapies to Reduce the Nasopharyngeal Carriage of SARS-CoV-2 and Improve the Outcome of COVID-19 Infection in Ivory Coast (INTENSE-COV): a Phase IIb Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT04466241]Phase 2/Phase 3294 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-11-27Recruiting
Validation of Predictors for Oral Anticoagulant Medication Choice Using EMR Data [NCT03006341]140,187 participants (Actual)Observational2017-02-28Completed
A Phase I Clinical Trial to Compare the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of CKD-828(Telmisartan 80mg/S-amlodipine 5mg Combination Tablet) to Coadministration of Telmisartan 80mg and S-amlodipine 5mg in Healthy Male Volunteers [NCT02358824]Phase 148 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-02-28Completed
Bioequivalence of Telmisartan Administrated in Two Different Ways: Both in Telmisartan 80 mg/Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination Tablet and Telmisartan 80 mg Tablet and Amlodipine 5mg Tablet in Concomitant Use in Healthy Male Volunteers. (an Open-label [NCT01344629]Phase 164 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-04-30Completed
An Open-Label, Superiority, Randomized, Comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Telmisartan, Amlodipine, and Chlorthalidone Fixed-Dose Combination Versus Telmisartan, Amlodipine, and Hydrochlorothiazide in Elderly Patients With Essential [NCT06041529]Phase 4250 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-09-14Not yet recruiting
Pharmacokinetics of Single Oral Doses of 40 mg Simvastatin and Its Metabolite Simvastatin Acid With and Without Concomitant Administration of Telmisartan 80 mg Daily, Given Orally Over 6 Days. A Randomised, Placebo Controlled, Double Blind (for Telmisarta [NCT02187536]Phase 116 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-04-30Completed
Comparative Study of the Effects of Telmisartan and Nebivolol on 24-h Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Patients With Arterial Hypertension [NCT02057328]Phase 480 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-12-31Recruiting
Bioequivalence of 80 mg Telmisartan / 10 mg Amlodipine Fixed Dose Combination Compared With Its Monocomponents in Healthy Male and Female Volunteers. An Open-label, Randomised, Single-dose, Two Sequence, Two-period Crossover Study [NCT02193308]Phase 184 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-09-30Completed
Micardis®. Observational Study [NCT02200094]4,532 participants (Actual)Observational1999-12-31Completed
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Titration-to-Response Trial Comparing MICARDIS® (Telmisartan) (40 & 80 mg QD) and COZAAR® (Losartan) (50 & 100 mg QD) in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Hypertension Using Ambulatory Blood Pressure Mon [NCT02200640]Phase 4333 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-03-31Completed
Data Collection on Hypertension and Its Treatment With Kinzal®/ Kinzalplus® [NCT00927537]2,052 participants (Actual)Observational2008-04-30Completed
Relative Bioavailability of Telmisartan and HCTZ p.o. (80 mg Telmisartan/12.5 mg HCTZ) in Two Experimental Formulations (Given t.i.d. for One Day Each) Compared to the Standard Formulation 80 mg Telmisartan/12.5 mg HCTZ (MicardisPlus®), Given t.i.d. for O [NCT02262572]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-04-30Completed
Relative Bioavailability of Telmisartan and SR26334, the Main Metabolite of Clopidogrel, After Co-administration Compared to the Bioavailability of Telmisartan and SR26334 After p.o. Administration of 80 mg Telmisartan and 75 mg Clopidogrel Alone. A Four- [NCT02262650]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-04-30Completed
An Observational Study to Evaluate the Effects of Twynsta Tablets (Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC, q.d.) With Life Style Modifications on Blood Pressure, Quality of Life, and Other Risk Factors in Korean Patients With Hypertension [NCT01316419]2,089 participants (Actual)Observational2011-03-31Completed
Rotation for Optimal Targeting of Albuminuria and Treatment Evaluation: A Rotation Study of Different Albuminuria Lowering Drug Classes to Study Individual Drug Response in Diabetes [NCT03504566]Phase 40 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-11-15Withdrawn(stopped due to Registered and published incorrectly)
Influence of Food on the Bioavailability of Telmisartan 40 mg/Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination and of Telmisartan 80 mg/Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination in Healthy Japanese Male Volunteers (a Phase I, Open-label, Randomised, Single-dose, Two-w [NCT02261064]Phase 132 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-12-31Completed
Influence of Food on the Bioavailability of 80 mg Telmisartan/10 mg Amlodipine Fixed Dose Combination in Healthy Male and Female Volunteers. An Open-label, Randomised, Single-dose, Two Period, Crossover Study [NCT02259777]Phase 140 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-09-30Completed
An Open-labeled, Placebo run-in, Multicentre Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Telmisartan (40 and 80 mg QD p.o.) in 3 Strata of Mild to Moderate Hypertensive Patients (Sitting Diastolic Blood Pressure ≥ 90 mmHg and ≤ 109 mmHg From Office Cu [NCT02178306]Phase 482 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-09-30Completed
Relative Oral Bioavailability of 80 mg Telmisartan / 12.5 mg HCTZ Fixed Dose Combination Compared With Its Monocomponents in Healthy Subjects. A 4 Period Cross-over, Open, Randomized, Replicate Design Study. [NCT02176512]Phase 120 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-09-30Completed
A Double-blind, Parallel-group Comparison Study of BIBR 277 Capsule in Patients With Essential Hypertension [NCT02177448]Phase 3225 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-09-30Completed
Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of 80 mg Telmisartan and 6 mg Lacidipine Alone and in Combination After 7 Days Treatment. An Open Randomised Three-way Cross-over Trial in Female and Male Healthy Subjects [NCT02203500]Phase 126 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-10-31Completed
A Multicenter Open-label Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Telmisartan in Mild to Moderate Hypertensive Patients [NCT02260089]Phase 4134 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-03-31Completed
A Phase 1, Open Label, Non-randomized, Two-cohort, Single-sequence, Crossover Study to Investigate the Pharmacokinetic Drug-drug Interaction and Safety of Telmisartan/Amlodipine and Rosuvastatin in Healthy Male Volunteers [NCT02233218]Phase 160 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-07-31Completed
Bioequivalence of 80 mg Telmisartan/12.5 mg HCTZ of Fixed Dose Combination Compared to Its Monocomponents in Healthy Male Volunteers (an Open-label, Randomised, Single-dose, Two-way Crossover Study) [NCT02262624]Phase 136 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-02-28Completed
Bioequivalence of 80 mg Telmisartan/12.5 mg HCTZ Fixed Dose Combination Compared With Its Monocomponents in Healthy Male Volunteers II (an Open-label, Randomised, Single-dose, Two-sequence, Four-period Replicated Crossover Study) [NCT02262858]Phase 168 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-08-31Completed
12 Week, Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Double Dummy, Parallel Group Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of 40 & 80 mg Telmisartan and 50 & 100 mg Losartan in the Treatment of 150 Pairs of Primary Hypertension Patients [NCT02269176]Phase 3330 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-07-31Completed
Efficacy of Telmisartan 40mg and Hydrochlorothiazide 25mg Monotherapy in High Sodium Intake Patients With Mild to Moderate Hypertension: a Multicenter Randomized Double-blinded Parallel Controlled Trial [NCT02255253]1,410 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-10-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Multi-center, Multi-factorial, Phase 2 Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of S-Amlodipine/Telmisartan Combined or Alone and Select Better Dose of CKD-828 in Patients With Essential Hypertension [NCT01128322]Phase 2430 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-07-31Completed
Adjunctive Therapy With Telmisartan Instituted With ART During Acute HIV Infection to Reduce the Establishment of Central Nervous System Reservoirs of HIV and Lymph Node Fibrosis [Southeast Asia Research Collaboration With Hawaii (SEARCH) 018] [NCT02170246]Phase 121 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-01-28Completed
A PROBE (Prospective, Randomised, Open-label, Blinded Endpoint) Trial to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Telmisartan 40-80 mg Once Daily Compared With Losartan 50-100 mg Once Daily Over a Period of 12 Weeks, and of Telmisartan 80 mg + HCTZ 12.5 mg [NCT02172586]Phase 4363 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-01-31Completed
Open-Label Follow-up Trial on Efficacy and Safety of Chronic Administration of Telmisartan 80 mg (Micardis®) Tablets as Monotherapy or in Combination With Hydrochlorothiazide or Other Antihypertensive Medications in Patients With Mild to Moderate Hyperten [NCT02177422]Phase 3489 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-06-30Completed
An Eight Week Randomized, Double-Blind Study Comparing a Fixed Dose Combination of Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg to Telmisartan 40 mg in Patients Who Fail to Respond Adequately to Treatment With Telmisartan 40 mg [NCT02177500]Phase 3327 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-01-31Completed
BIBR 277 Capsules Clinical Study on Hypertension With Nephropathy [NCT02187484]Phase 223 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-08-31Completed
A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized, Open-label, Phase 4 Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Telmisartan/S-Amlodipine(Telminuvo® Tab. 40/2.5mg) on 24-hour Ambulatory BP Control Compared With Telmisartan Monotherapy in Hypertensive Patients Inadequately C [NCT02231788]Phase 4217 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-06-30Completed
Bioequivalence of 40 mg Telmisartan / 12.5 mg HCTZ of Fixed Dose Combination Compared to Its Monocomponents in Healthy Male Volunteers (an Open-label, Randomised, Single-dose, Two-way Crossover Study) [NCT02262598]Phase 130 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-09-30Completed
A Double-blind, Randomised, Placebo Controlled, 6 Parallel Groups Study to Assess the Influence of Telmisartan (40 mg or 160 mg), Lacidipine (4 mg or 6 mg) and Their Combination (Telmisartan 40 mg and Lacidipine 4 mg) p.o. Once Daily for Seven Days on the [NCT02264158]Phase 1149 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-09-30Completed
COugh Among Hypertensive Patients Treated With Telmisartan, Who Had to Stop previoUs ACE-I Treatment Due to couGH [NCT01211171]2,498 participants (Actual)Observational2009-05-31Completed
Cough Among Hypertensive Patients Treated With Telmisartan, Who Had to Stop Previous ACE-i Treatment Due to Cough [NCT01217879]980 participants (Actual)Observational2010-01-31Completed
A Randomized, Open-label, Single Dose, 3-way Crossover Study to Evaluate the Drug-drugs Interaction Between Telmisartan, Amlodipine and Hydrochlorothiazide in Healthy Male Volunteers [NCT03889145]Phase 130 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-12-19Completed
A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized, Open-label, Phase 4 Trial Designed to Evaluate the Efficacy of a Telmisartan/S-Amlodipine(Telminuvo®Tab. 40/2.5mg) on 24-hour BP Control in Hypertensive Patients Inadequately Controlled [NCT02526875]Phase 4208 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-04-30Recruiting
A TElmisartan and AMlodipine STudy to Assess the Cardiovascular PROTECTive Effects as Measured by Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypertensive at Risk Patients Beyond Blood Pressure [NCT01180205]Phase 4576 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-08-31Active, not recruiting
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Clinical Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Telmisartan for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients [NCT04715763]Phase 224 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-09-01Terminated(stopped due to Poor recruitment due to decrease in COVID-19 rates locally)
A Randomized,Open-label,Single Dose,Crossover Clinical Trial to Compare the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of YH22162 in Comparison to the Co-administration of Twynsta and Hygroton in Healthy Volunteers [NCT02496910]Phase 1180 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-06-30Completed
Relative Bioavailability of Tablet Formulation of Dabigatran Etexilate With and Without Co-administration of Rabeprazole in Healthy Male Subjects (an Open-label, Single-dose, Two-period, Single-arm Study) [NCT03143166]Phase 136 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-05-22Completed
[NCT00599885]Phase 472 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-09-30Completed
Health Evaluation in African Americans Using RAS Therapy [NCT02471833]Phase 1/Phase 261 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-04-30Completed
24h BP Under Micardis in Daily Practice [NCT00879411]670 participants (Actual)Observational2009-04-30Completed
An 8-week Randomised, Double-blind Study to Compare the Fixed-dose Combination of Telmisartan 80 + Amlodipine 10mg Versus Amlodipine 10 mg Monotherapy as First Line Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Hypertension. [NCT00877929]Phase 3706 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-02-28Completed
Special Survey (Survey on Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Events Under Long-term Use) of Micardis Tablets (Telmisartan) [NCT00659581]21,471 participants (Actual)Observational2006-04-30Completed
Telmisartan Promotes the Differentiation of Monocytes Into Macrophages M2 in Diabetic Nephropathy? [NCT02768948]20 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-05-05Completed
Bioequivalence Study of BIBR 277 Tablet (Erythritol Based) Compared With Its Capsule Formation in Healthy Male Volunteers [NCT02262559]Phase 130 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-07-31Completed
Micardis® / MicardisPlus® PROTEKT (Program for Therapy Optimization With Telmisartan in Cardiovascular Diseases) [NCT02262637]4,814 participants (Actual)Observational2003-09-30Completed
Relative Bioavailability of Telmisartan in Micardis® and of Dipyridamole in Aggrenox® After Co-administration Compared to the Bioavailability of Telmisartan Respectively of Dipyridamole After Oral Administration of 80 mg Telmisartan Respectively of 25 mg [NCT02262793]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-05-31Completed
Bioequivalence of the 80 mg Telmisartan Film-coated Tablet Compared With Two Tablets of the Conventional 40 mg Telmisartan Tablet Following Oral Administration in Healthy Male Volunteers (an Open-label, Randomised, Single-dose, Two-sequence, Four-period R [NCT02261129]Phase 164 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-09-30Completed
A Randomized, Open-label, Multiple-dose, Crossover Study to Investigate the Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction Between Rosuvastatin and Telmisartan/Amlodipine in Healthy Male Volunteers [NCT02387619]Phase 141 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-02-28Completed
Natriuretic Effect of Telmisartan Versus Placebo in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Hypertension On a Controlled Sodium Diet (100 mmol/Day) [NCT02176499]Phase 326 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-02-28Completed
An Eight Week Randomized, Double-Blind Study Comparing a Fixed Dose Combination of Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg to Telmisartan 80 mg in Patients Who Fail to Respond Adequately to Treatment With Telmisartan 80 mg. [NCT02177435]Phase 3491 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-02-28Completed
BIBR 277 Capsules Pharmacokinetics Study of Hypertensive Patients [NCT02187497]Phase 293 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-06-30Completed
Bioequivalence of 40 mg Telmisartan/5 mg Amlodipine Fixed Dose Combination Compared With Its Monocomponents in Healthy Male and Female Volunteers. An Open-label, Randomised, Single-dose, Two-period Crossover Study [NCT02259829]Phase 184 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-09-30Completed
Post-Marketing Surveillance Study Micardis® Plus [NCT02238275]8,135 participants (Actual)Observational2002-06-30Completed
Controlled evaLuation of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers for COVID-19 respIraTorY Disease [NCT04394117]Phase 4787 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-06-19Completed
Combined Treatment of Angiotensin Receptor Blocker and Antioxidant Supplementation as a Novel Adjunctive Therapy for 24-hour Blood Pressure Improvement in Obstructive Sleep Apnea [NCT04021550]Early Phase 10 participants (Actual)Interventional2023-05-31Withdrawn(stopped due to Covid-19 Pandemic prevented this study from beginning)
Relative Bioavailability of Telmisartan 80 mg/Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination Tablet Compared to Concomitant Use of Its Mono-components (i.e., Two Telmisartan 40 mg Tablets and Amlodipine 5 mg Tablet in Concomitant Use) Following Oral Administratio [NCT02259803]Phase 130 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-10-31Completed
An Open-label, Multiple-dose, Two-arm Clinical Study to Evaluate the Drug-drug Interaction and Safety of Telmisartan, Amlodipine and/or Chlorthalidone in Healthy Adult Volunteers [NCT02152969]Phase 166 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-05-31Completed
To Compare the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of CKD-828 80/5mg to Coadministration of Telmisartan 80mg and S-amlodipine 5mg in Healthy Male Volunteers [NCT02250833]Phase 169 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-09-30Completed
Randomized, Open, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Renal Function of HMG-CoA Reductase add-on in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients With Proteinuria [NCT03550859]Phase 4374 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-06-05Recruiting
A Randomised, Double- Blind, Placebo-controlled, 6 Week Parallel-group Trial on the Efficacy and Safety of the Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Micardis® (Telmisartan 20 mg, 40 mg or 80 mg, p.o. Once Daily) or Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg p.o. Once Daily [NCT02175355]Phase 31,039 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-10-31Completed
A PROBE (Prospective, Randomised, Open-Label, Blinded Endpoint) Trial to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Telmisartan 40-80mg Once Daily Compared With 10-20 mg Enalapril Once Daily Over a Period of 24 Weeks in Elderly Patients With Blood Hypertensio [NCT02177461]Phase 4374 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-04-30Completed
A Prospective Randomised Open-Label Blinded Endpoint Trial Comparing Telmisartan 80 mg and Losartan 50 mg + Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg (Fixed Dose Combination) in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Essential Hypertension Using Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monit [NCT02183701]Phase 3715 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-04-30Completed
Relative Oral Bioavailability of 40 mg Telmisartan / 12.5 mg HCTZ Fixed Dose Combination Compared With Its Monocomponents in Healthy Subjects. A 4 Period Cross-over, Open, Randomized, Replicate Design Study [NCT02187523]Phase 132 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-10-31Completed
Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Single and Multiple Oral Doses of 40 mg Telmisartan/5 mg Amlodipine and 80 mg Telmisartan/5 mg Amlodipine (Free Dose Combination) in Healthy Male Volunteers [NCT02194309]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-09-30Completed
Prospective Study on Endothelial Function in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT00905528]69 participants (Anticipated)Observational2002-01-31Completed
A Multicenter Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Nifedipine GITS - Telmisartan Combination in Blood Pressure Control and Beyond: Comparison of Two Treatment Strategies. [NCT00750113]Phase 4405 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-10-31Completed
Randomized, Embedded, Multifactorial Adaptive Platform Trial for Community- Acquired Pneumonia [NCT02735707]Phase 310,000 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-04-11Recruiting
A Bioequivalence Study to Compare and Evaluate the Pharmacokinetic Characteristics and the Safety After Administration of TELMI ONE TAB. 80 mg and MICARDIS TAB. 80 mg(Telmisartan) in Healthy Adult Volunteers [NCT05223101]Phase 146 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-01-19Recruiting
Association Between Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Use and COVID-19 Severity and Mortality Among US Veterans [NCT04467931]22,213 participants (Actual)Observational2020-01-19Completed
Bioavailability of Lacidipine 4 mg and Telmisartan 40 mg Administered Orally as Two Experimental Fixed Dose Combination Tablets Relative to Separate Tablets. An Open Randomised Three-way Cross-over Steady State Trial in 6 Female and 6 Male Healthy Subject [NCT02209649]Phase 112 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-10-31Completed
RESPECT: Observational, Prospective, Open-label, Multi-center Study Evaluating the Antihypertensive Effect of Treatment With Telmisartan (Alone or in Fixed Combination With HCTZ) in General Practitioner and Specialist Practice in Hypertensive Patients Wit [NCT00890084]2,913 participants (Actual)Observational2009-04-30Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel, Multi-Center, Phase 2 Clinical Trial to Determine the Optimal Dose of AD-209 in Patients With Essential Hypertension [NCT04218552]Phase 2176 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-02-25Completed
A Randomized, Open-label, Single Dose, Replicate Crossover Clinical Trial to Compare the Pharmacokinetics of TAH Tablet in Comparison to the Co-administration of Telmisartan, Amlodipine and Hydrochlorothiazide in Healthy Male Volunteers [NCT02739672]Phase 140 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-01-02Completed
A Study on the Effects of Peroxisome Proliferators Activated Receptor-γ Agonists on Certain Biochemical and Inflammatory Markers in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome [NCT00926341]Phase 4110 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-10-31Completed
Influence of Food on the Bioavailability of 80 mg Telmisartan / 10 mg Ramipril Fixed Dose Combination in Healthy Male and Female Volunteers (an Open-label, Randomised, Single-dose, Two-sequence, Two-period Crossover Study) [NCT02214966]Phase 142 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-10-31Completed
A Randomized, Open-label, Multiple-dose, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Drug-drug Interaction Between Telmisartan and Atorvastatin in Healthy Male Volunteers [NCT02579356]Phase 148 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-05-31Completed
The Use of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and the Risk of Cancer [NCT02215733]1,165,781 participants (Actual)Observational2011-02-28Completed
Surveillance of Efficacy and Safety of Drug PRITOR in patieNts With Arterial Hypertension, Who do Not Tolerate ACE inhibitoR Treatment [NCT00932867]3,114 participants (Actual)Observational2007-12-31Completed
Phase 4 Study of Effects of ARB Compared With Diuretics in Hypertension Patients With High Cardiovascular Risks [NCT01011660]Phase 413,542 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-10-31Recruiting
Study of Hypertensive Population Under Treatment With Micardis in Real Clinical Conditions With the Goal to Control the Early Morning BP Rise [NCT00946829]18,299 participants (Actual)Observational2003-01-31Completed
Does Telmisartan Compared to Candesartan Due to a Distinctly Larger Volume of Distribution Exert Stronger Effects in Relevant Peripheral Tissues, e.g. Renal and Adrenal Tissues [NCT02261116]Phase 424 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-04-30Completed
An Open Label Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Chronic Administration of the Fixed Dose Combination of Telmisartan 40mg + Amlodipine 10mg or Fixed Dose Combination of Telmisartan 80mg + Amlodipine 10mg Tablets Alone or in Combination With Other Antihyp [NCT00624052]Phase 3838 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-03-31Completed
An 8-week Randomised, Double-blind Study to Compare the Fixed-dose Combination of Telmisartan 80 mg & Amlodipine 10mg Versus Telmisartan 80 mg Monotherapy or Amlodipine 10 mg Monotherapy as First Line Therapy in Patients With Severe Hypertension (Grade 3) [NCT00860262]Phase 3858 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-03-31Completed
Telmisartan vs Ramipril for Reduction of Inflammation and Recruitment of Endothelial Progenitor Cells After Acute Coronary Syndrome [NCT00702936]Phase 450 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-11-30Recruiting
A Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled, Multicenter Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of YH22162 in Subjects With Essential Hypertension Inappropriately Controlled on Telmisartan/Amlodipine Treatment [NCT02620163]Phase 3381 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-12-31Completed
A Randomized, Open-label, Single Dose, Crossover Clinical Trial to Compare the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of YH22189 in Comparison to Telmisartan/Amlodipine and Rosuvastatin in Healthy Volunteers [NCT02608242]Phase 1123 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-11-30Terminated(stopped due to sponsor decision)
Prognostic Value of the Circadian Pattern of Ambulatory Blood Pressure for Multiple Risk Assessment [NCT00741585]Phase 421,983 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-09-01Completed
Comparison of the Medication Adherence of Patients Treated With Telmisartan/Hydrochlorothiazide or Telmisartan/Amlodipine Fixed Dose Combination (FDC) Versus Double-pill Combination Therapy Based on Database Data in Real-world Japanese Therapeutic Practic [NCT03205137]0 participants (Actual)Observational2022-06-01Withdrawn(stopped due to Sponsor decision)
An Eight-week Randomised Double-blind Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Telmisartan 80 mg+ Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination vs. Telmisartan 80 mg Monotherapy in Patients With Hypertension Who Fail to Respond Adequately to Treatment With Te [NCT01222520]Phase 3174 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-10-31Completed
Efficacy of Telmisartan and the Combination of Telmisartan and Ramipril in type1 Diabetes Patients With Nephropathy [NCT00738660]Phase 330 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-02-28Completed
Effects of Telmisartan Compared With Candesartan on Ischemic Cardiovascular Events in High-risk Hypertensive Patients: a Multi-center, Prospective, Randomized, Open-labeled, Blinded Endpoints Trial [NCT00863980]1,500 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-04-30Terminated(stopped due to Principle investigator resigned in 2013)
A Bioequivalence Study to Compare and Evaluate the Pharmacokinetic Characteristics and the Safety After Administration of TELMIONE PLUS TAB. 80/12.5mg and MICARDIS PLUS TAB. 80/12.5mg in Healthy Adult Volunteers [NCT05040880]Phase 146 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-07-08Completed
An Open Label Follow-up Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Chronic Administration of the Combination of Telmisartan 40mg + Amlodipine 5mg or the Combination of Telmisartan 80mg + Amlodipine 5mg Tablets Alone or in Combination With Other Antihypertensive [NCT00614380]Phase 3976 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-31Completed
The SARTAN-AD Trial: A Randomized, Open Label, Proof of Concept Study of Telmisartan vs. Perindopril in Mild-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease Patients [NCT02085265]Phase 2150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-03-31Recruiting
Randomized, Double-Blind, Multi-Center, Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Telmisartan/Amlodipine/Hydrochlorothiazide Combination in Comparison With Telmisartan/Amlodipine Combination for Essential Hypertension Patients Not Controlled by [NCT02738632]Phase 3300 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-05-31Completed
A Randomised, Double-blind, Double Dummy, Active Controlled, Parallel Group, Forced Titration Study to Compare the Fixed-dose Combination of Telmisartan 80mg Plus Hydrochlorothiazide 25mg (T80/HCTZ25) Versus Telmisartan 80mg (T80) Monotherapy as First Lin [NCT00926289]Phase 4894 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-30Completed
Regulation of Inflammatory Parameters by Telmisartan in Hypertensive Patients [NCT00560430]Phase 356 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-11-30Completed
Study of the Effectiveness of Telmisartan in Slowing the Progression of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms [NCT01683084]Phase 422 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-09-19Completed
Evaluation of the Real-life Efficacy and Safety of a Fixed-dose Telmisartan/Hydrochlorothiazide, Including Its Effect on Plasma Potassium and on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Parameters in Patients With Essential Arterial Hypertension [NCT01392534]1,586 participants (Actual)Observational2010-07-31Completed
An 8 Week, Double-blind, Randomized, Parallel-group Study to Compare the Effect of Aliskiren 300mg + Valsartan 320mg vs. Telmisartan 80mg + Ramipril 10mg on Biomarkers of the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System in Moderate Hypertension [NCT00939588]Phase 288 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-07-31Completed
Observational Study in Everyday Medical Practice of the Effectiveness of Telmisartan for Treatment of Isolated Systolic Hypertension in Comparison With Systolic/Diastolic Hypertension in Patients Aged 55 or Older [NCT02242877]3,320 participants (Actual)Observational2006-02-28Completed
A Post Marketing Observational Study to Investigate the Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability and the Effect on Quality of Life of Telmisartan (Micardis) and Telmisartan With HCTZ (Micardis Plus) in Patients With Hypertension [NCT00904215]1,095 participants (Actual)Observational2005-02-28Completed
8 Week Randomised Double-blind Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Telmisartan 80mg+ Amlodipine 5 mg vs. Amlodipine 5mg Monotherapy in Patients With Hypertension Who Fail to Respond Adequately to Treatment With Amlodipine 5mg Monotherapy [NCT01103960]Phase 3324 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-07-31Completed
An Open-label Feasibility Trial of Adjunctive Telmisartan in Patients With Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia [NCT03868839]Phase 26 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-02-01Terminated(stopped due to Lack of funding)
Phase III Study of Irbersartan for the Early Treatment of Severe Sepsis Patients [NCT01992796]Phase 3300 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-01-31Not yet recruiting
A Randomized, Open-label, Multiple-dose, Two-arm, One-sequence • Crossover Study to Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacokinetics After Oral Concurrent Administration Telmisartan/S-amlodipine and Rosuvastatin in Healthy Volunteers [NCT02047175]Phase 164 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-02-28Completed
Telmisartan Plus Exercise to Improve Functioning in Peripheral Artery Disease [NCT02593110]114 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-01-04Completed
An Open-label, Long-term Study of Telmisartan Plus Amlodipine Fixed-dose Combination [NCT00618774]Phase 3259 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-31Completed
A Prospective, Randomised, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Forced-titration, Multicentre, Parallel Group, One Year Treatment Trial to Investigate the Efficacy of Telmisartan 80 mg Versus Valsartan 160 mg in Hypertensive Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Overt Nep [NCT00153023]Phase 4885 participants Interventional2003-04-30Completed
Pharmaco-epidemiological Study Describing the Hypertensive Population Treated With Telmisartan and Conditions of Use by Medical Practitioners and Patients [NCT02242851]5,018 participants (Actual)Observational2004-09-30Completed
Which is the Best Treatment for Non-diabetic Hypertension With Obesity: Telmisartan, Amlodipine or Candesartan, Alone or Plus MEtformin? (HOT-ACME 1) [NCT00538486]Phase 4360 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Completed
Observational Survey Assessing the Factors of Treatment Intensification in Uncontrolled Hypertensive Patients Under a Combination Therapy, Either Fixed or Not, of a Renin-Angiotensin System Blocker (RASB) and Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), According to Their [NCT01071681]1,589 participants (Actual)Observational2009-11-30Completed
Phase I Non-Randomized, Unblinded, Single-Center Trial of Oral Telmisartan Alone or Combined With Selected Standard of Care Therapies for Prostate Cancer [NCT06168487]Early Phase 142 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-01-01Not yet recruiting
Efficacy and Safety of GMRx2 (a Single Pill Combination Containing Telmisartan/Amlodipine/Indapamide) Compared to Dual Combinations for the Treatment of Hypertension [NCT04518293]Phase 31,385 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-06-26Completed
HALT Progression of Polycystic Kidney Disease Study A [NCT00283686]Phase 3558 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-01-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Placebo-controlled, 4x4 Factorial Design Trial to Evaluate Telmisartan 20, 40 and 80 mg Tablets in Combination With Amlodipine 2.5, 5 and 10 mg Capsules After Eight Weeks of Treatment in Patients With Stage I or I [NCT00281580]Phase 31,461 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-04-30Completed
An Open-label Follow-up Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Chronic Administration of the Fixed Dose Combination of Telmisartan 80 mg + Hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg Tablets Alone or in Combination With Other Antihypertensive Medications in Patients With Hype [NCT00267943]Phase 3639 participants Interventional2006-01-31Completed
A Double-blind, Randomized, Multi-center Phase III Clinical Trial to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy Between YH16410 Versus Rosuvastatin and Telmisartan Monotherapies in Patients With Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia [NCT01914432]Phase 3210 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-11-30Completed
Comparison of a Higher Dose of Ramipril to the Addition of Telmisartan 80 mg+Ramipril 10 mg in Patients With Hypertension and Diabetes [NCT00208221]Phase 350 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-08-31Terminated(stopped due to Not enough recruitment)
A Comparison of Telmisartan 80 mg + Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg With Amlodipine 10 mg + Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg in the Control of Blood Pressure in Older Patients With Predominantly Systolic Hypertension. A Prospective, Randomised, Open-label, Blinded [NCT00240474]Phase 41,000 participants Interventional2002-12-31Completed
A Randomized, Open-label, Single-dose, 2-way Cross-over Study to Compare the Safety and the Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of the Co-administration of Telmisartan and Rosuvastatin and YH16410 in Healthy Volunteers [NCT01975961]Phase 1185 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-07-31Completed
A Randomized, Open-label, Multiple-dose, Crossover Study to Investigate the Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction Between Rosuvastatin and Telmisartan in Healthy Volunteer [NCT01992601]Phase 148 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-11-30Completed
The Usefulness of Non-invasive Assessment of Haemodynamic Profile in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertension [NCT01996085]144 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-01-31Completed
An Eight-week Randomised Double-blind Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Telmisartan 80mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination vs. Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination in Patients With Hypertension [NCT01286558]Phase 3225 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-01-31Completed
Host Response Mediators in Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection - Is There a Protective Effect of Losartan and Other ARBs on Outcomes of Coronavirus Infection? [NCT04606563]Phase 3341 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-10-09Terminated(stopped due to DSMC recommendation due to futility)
Nt-proBNP Guided Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in a Population of Diabetic Patients Without a History of Cardiac Disease [NCT00562952]Phase 2/Phase 3300 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-11-30Completed
Steady State Pharmacokinetics of 80 mg Telmisartan (Micardis®), 10 mg Ramipril (Delix®) or the Combination Following Repeated Oral Doses to Healthy Male and Female Volunteers (an Open-label, Randomised, Multiple-dose, Three-way Crossover Study) [NCT02215005]Phase 142 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-06-30Completed
A Single-centre, Randomized, Open-label, Three-period Crossover Pharmacokinetic Study of 80 mg Telmisartan / 5 mg Amlodipine Fixed Dose Combination Compared With Its Monocomponents in Healthy Chinese Subjects [NCT01181011]Phase 128 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Completed
Bioequivalence of 80 mg Telmisartan / 10 mg Ramipril Fixed Dose Combination Compared With the Monocomponents, Telmisartan and Ramipril (Two Different Formulations) Given Concomitantly to Healthy Male and Female Volunteers (an Open-label, Randomised, Singl [NCT02214992]Phase 184 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-03-31Completed
A Randomized, Comparative Study of the Effects of Candesartan and Telmisartan on the Home Blood Pressure, Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in the Hypertensive Patients With the Accumulation of Visceral Fat by the Central Registration System [NCT00288717]300 participants Interventional2006-02-28Recruiting
A Twelve-week, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate the Prolonged Efficacy and Safety of Aliskiren 300 mg Compared to Telmisartan 80 mg in Mild to Moderate Hypertensive Patients With the 24-hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement [NCT00865020]Phase 4822 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-03-31Completed
Triple Therapy Prevention of Recurrent Intracerebral Disease EveNts Trial (TRIDENT), Substudies: MRI, Cognitive [NCT02699645]Phase 31,500 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-09-28Recruiting
Adjunctive Therapy With Telmisartan Instituted With ART During Acute HIV Infection to Reduce the Establishment of CNS Reservoirs of HIV and Lymph Node Fibrosis [NCT02750059]Phase 221 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-01-31Completed
Prevention of Paclitaxel-induced Neuropathic Pain by Telmisartan in Patients With Planned Paclitaxel Chemotherapy Due to Ovarian or Breast Cancer (PrevTel) [NCT05322889]Phase 235 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-04-09Recruiting
An Open-label Study to Evaluate the Antihypertensive Effects of the Fixed-dose Combination of Telmisartan 80 mg and Amlodipine 5 mg (T80/A5) Given Once Daily by 24 h ABPM in Patients With Moderate to Severe Hypertension [NCT01204398]Phase 327 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-11-30Completed
Evaluation of the Effect of Telmisartan (Micardis® 80 mg/ MicardisPlus® 80/12.5 mg; 80/25 mg) on Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk Factor Index in High Risk Hypertensive Patients [NCT01108809]295 participants (Actual)Observational2010-04-30Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled, Multicenter Phase III Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Co-administrated AD-2071 and AD-2073 in Patients With Primary Hypercholesterolemia and Essential Hypertension [NCT04158076]Phase 3131 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-01-23Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Multi-center, Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of a Fixed Dose Combination of Telmisartan and S-Amlodipine(CKD-828) Versus Telmisartan Monotherapy in Hypertensive Patients Inadequately Controlled by Telmisartan [NCT01426100]Phase 3183 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-08-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Forced-titration, Phase IV Study Comparing Telmisartan 80 mg + Hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg Versus Valsartan 160 mg + Hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg Taken Orally for Eight Weeks in Patients With Stage 1 or Stage 2 H [NCT00168779]Phase 41,185 participants Interventional2005-09-30Completed
ONgoing Evaluation of Depressor Effect And Safety of Combination Therapy With Telmisartan and Low-dose Hydrochlorothiazide in Patients With Hypertension Uncontrolled on Amlodipine Treatment [NCT00509470]Phase 475 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-07-31Completed
A Phase 1, Open Label, Two-cohort, Single-Sequence, Crossover Study to Investigate the Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction and Safety of Telmisartan/Amlodipine and Rosuvastatin in Healthy Male Volunteers [NCT02951962]Phase 160 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-08-31Completed
Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Double Blind Trial of Telmisartan in Hypertensive, Obese Adolescents [NCT00185705]30 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-10-31Terminated(stopped due to Primary investigator moved to different university)
Influence of the Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Telmisartan on the Red Blood Cell Function and the Microcirculatory Perfusion [NCT00559286]Phase 440 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-12-31Terminated(stopped due to logistic reasons, patients could not be recruited)
Morning Hypertension and Monitoring of Metabolism (AWB Morgenhochdruck & Stoffwechselmonitoring) [NCT02242383]13,248 participants (Actual)Observational2005-01-31Completed
Metabolic Abnormalities, Telmisartan and HIV Infection [NCT01088295]Phase 235 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-05-31Completed
The Effect of Various Types of the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System Blockade on Proteinuria in Chronic Non-diabetic Kidney Disease: a Double-blind Cross-over Randomised Controlled Study [NCT01541267]Phase 420 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-12-31Completed
A Non-Interventional, Post-Marketing Surveillance, Phase IV Study to Assess Compliance With Antihypertensive Telmisartan Therapy [NCT00470886]3,400 participants (Actual)Observational2007-04-30Completed
A Non-Interventional, Post-Marketing Surveillance Phase IV Study to Asses the Efficacy and Safety of Telmisartan, With the Special Attention on the Influence of Telmisartan on Selected Metabolic Parameters of Patients [NCT00471003]5,448 participants (Actual)Observational2006-09-30Completed
Post Marketing Surveillance on Long Drug Use of Micombi Combination Tablets in Patients With Hypertension [NCT01050062]1,452 participants (Actual)Observational2010-01-31Completed
Bioequivalence of Telmisartan Administrated in Two Different Ways: Either in Telmisartan 80 mg/HCTZ 12.5 mg Fixed-dose Combination Tablet or as Two Telmisartan 40 mg Tablets (an Open-label, Randomised, Single-dose, Four-period Replicated Crossover Study) [NCT02276391]Phase 164 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-07-31Completed
[NCT02933658]Phase 171 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-11-30Completed
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Evaluation of the Safety, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of MICARDIS® (Telmisartan) in Children and Adolescents With Hypertension After Four Weeks of Treatment [NCT02242344]Phase 277 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-04-30Completed
Telmisartan Effectiveness on Left Ventricular MAss Reduction (TELMAR) as Assessed by MRI, in Patients With Mild to Moderate Hypertension - a Prospective, Randomised, Double-blind Comparison of Telmisartan 80 mg Oral, Once Daily, to Metoprolol Succinate 95 [NCT02242812]Phase 424 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-09-30Terminated
The Post Marketing Surveillance Study Conducted With a Continuous Enrollment Method to Assess Serious Adverse Events, Adverse Events, Safety, Efficacy of Micardis Tablet (Telmisartan 20, 40, 80mg p.o. Once Daily Over 2 Weeks) [NCT02245464]13,066 participants (Actual)Observational2000-11-30Completed
Antihypertensive Medications and the Risk of Sepsis [NCT02248896]1,129,062 participants (Actual)Observational2010-01-31Completed
HIGH Altitude CArdiovascular REsearch in the ANDES [NCT01830530]Phase 4100 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-05-31Completed
A Randomised, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Placebo-controlled, Forced-titration, Comparison of MICARDIS® HCT (Telmisartan 80 mg / Hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg) Versus DIOVAN® HCT (Valsartan 160 mg / Hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg) Using Seated Trough Cuff Blood Pr [NCT00240448]Phase 41,109 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-09-30Completed
An Open-label Study to Evaluate the Trough and Peak Effect of Once Daily Micardis Plus (Telmisartan 80mg / Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg) by 24 ABPM in Patients With Mild to Moderate Essential Hypertension [NCT00257491]Phase 329 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-11-30Completed
A Double Blind, 2:1 Randomised Monocentre Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Telmisartan (80 mg qd) Concerning the Amelioration of Structural Alterations and Function of Endothelium in Cardiovascular Risk Patients (SAFE-CRP: Structural Altera [NCT00274105]Phase 422 participants Interventional2001-03-31Terminated
Pilot Study: Inflammation and Coronary Artery Disease. Role of AT1 Receptor Antagonism [NCT00274144]Phase 442 participants Interventional2001-12-31Completed
A Prospective Randomised Open- Label Blinded-Endpoint (PROBE) Trial Comparing Telmisartan (MICARDIS®) (40-80-80mg QD) and Ramipril (2.5-5--10mg QD) in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Hypertension Using Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring. PRISMA = Prospec [NCT00274612]Phase 4801 participants Interventional2002-10-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Placebo-controlled, 3x4 Factorial Design Trial to Evaluate Telmisartan 20 and 80 mg Tablets in Combination With Ramipril 1.25, 10, and 20 mg Capsules After Eight Weeks of Treatment in Patients With Stage I or II H [NCT00281593]Phase 31,354 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-04-30Completed
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Clinical Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Telmisartan for the Mitigation of Pulmonary and Cardiac Complications in COVID-19 Patients [NCT04360551]Phase 224 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-07-01Terminated(stopped due to Decrease in COVID-19 cases locally)
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of Telmisartan 40mg Plus Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg in Comparison With Losartan 50 mg Plus Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg in Taiwanese Patients With Mild to Moderate Hypertensi [NCT00133185]Phase 331 participants Interventional2004-03-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind Study Comparing a Fixed Dose Combination of Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg to Telmisartan 40 mg in Patients Who Fail to Respond Adequately to Treatment With Telmisartan 40 mg [NCT00144222]Phase 3218 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-01-31Completed
A Randomised, DB, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group, 16-wk MICARDIS (160mg) Tab, Proof-of-concept, Evaluating Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight or Obese, Non-diabetic, Normotensive, Using the OGTT, With a Clamp Sub-group [NCT00146289]Phase 2138 participants Interventional2005-02-28Completed
A Randomized, Double Blind, 2X2 Factorial Design Study to Evaluate the Effects of Telmisartan vs Placebo, and of a Low-Glycemic Diet vs Control Diet, in Reducing Intra-Myocellular Lipids In Individuals With Abdominal Obesity [NCT00147264]Phase 3120 participants Interventional2004-04-30Completed
Effectiveness and Safety of Telmisartan in Acute Respiratory Failure Due to COVID-19 [NCT04510662]Phase 266 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-08-12Completed
Replication of the ONTARGET Antihypertensive Trial in Healthcare Claims Data [NCT04354350]63,744 participants (Actual)Observational2017-09-22Completed
Telmisartan vs. Losartan in Hypertensive Patients With Impaired Glucose Tolerance: A Comparison of Their Antihypertensive, Metabolic, and Vascular Effects [NCT00407862]Phase 424 participants Interventional2005-01-31Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled, Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Co-administrated Ezetimibe/Rosuvastatin and Telmisartan in Patients With Essential Hypertension and Primary Hypercholesterolemia [NCT04659070]Phase 3156 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-07-15Recruiting
Prospective, Randomized, Open-label, Blinded Endpoint, Forced Titration Study to Compare Telmisartan Combined With HCTZ (80mg/12.5mg), to Valsartan Combined With HCTZ (160mg/12.5mg), for the Control of Mild-to-moderate Hypertension in Obese Patients With [NCT00239538]Phase 4840 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-01-31Completed
"A Prospective, Open-label TElmisartan/AMlodipine Single Pill STudy to Assess the Efficacy in Patients With Essential Hypertension..." [NCT01134393]Phase 3502 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-05-31Completed
Effects Of Telmisartan Added To Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors On Mortality And Morbidity In Haemodialysed Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial [NCT00490958]Phase 4351 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-01-31Completed
Influence of Food on the Bioavailability of Telmisartan 40 mg/HCTZ 12.5 mg Fixed-dose Combination and of Telmisartan 80 mg/HCTZ 12.5 mg Fixed-dose Combination in Japanese Healthy Male Volunteers (an Open-label, Randomised, Single-dose, Two-way Crossover S [NCT02276378]Phase 132 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-07-31Completed
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Forced Titration Trial to Compare the Efficacy of MICARDIS® (Telmisartan 80 mg p.o. Once Daily) and Diovan® (Valsartan 160 mg p.o. Once Daily) Using Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) in Patients With Mild [NCT00034840]Phase 4490 participants Interventional2001-10-31Completed
A Phase I Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetic Interactions and Safety Between Telmisartan and Chlorthalidone in Healthy Male Volunteers. [NCT01806363]Phase 160 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-11-30Completed
An Eight Week Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy Study Comparing a Fixed Dose Combination of Telmisartan 80mg Plus Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5mg to Telmisartan 80mg in Patients Who Fail to Respond Adequately to Treatment With Telmisartan 80mg. [NCT00146341]Phase 3345 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-04-30Completed
A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 3 x 3 Factorial Trial of Telmisartan and Hydrochlorothiazide in Patients With Essential Hypertension [NCT00153049]Phase 2583 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-06-30Completed
A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter Trial to Investigate the Preventive Effect of BIBR277 (Telmisartan) in Diabetic Nephropathy on Transition From Incipient to Overt Nephropathy - Incipient to Overt : Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blocker [NCT00153088]Phase 4527 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-01-31Completed
Molecular Mechanisms of Disease Progression and Renoprotective Pharmacotherapy in Children With Chronic Renal Failure [NCT00221845]Phase 3400 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-01-31Completed
[NCT02968160]Phase 455 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-10-31Terminated(stopped due to Due to poor enrollment rate)
Filtered Trial for Telmisartan 40mg Non-responder [NCT00550953]Phase 3314 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-10-31Completed
A Single-Dose, Comparative Bioavailability Study of Telmisartan/Amlodipine 80 mg/10 mg Tablets Versus Micardis 80 mg Tablets With Norvasc 10 mg Tablets Under Fasting Conditions [NCT01278797]Phase 128 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-01-31Completed
Clinical Trial to Compare the Pharmacokinetics of TAH Tablet(80/10/12.5mg) in Comparison to the Co-administration of Telmisartan, Amlodipine and Hydrochlorothiazide in Healthy Male Volunteers [NCT03032315]Phase 144 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-10-01Completed
Evaluation of Perindopril and Telmisartan for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02213224]Phase 4180 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-08-31Recruiting
Bioequivalence of 40 mg Telmisartan / 2.5 mg Ramipril Fixed Dose Combination Compared With the Monocomponents, Telmisartan and Ramipril (Two Different Formulations) Given Concomitantly to Healthy Male and Female Volunteers (an Open-label, Randomised, Sing [NCT02214979]Phase 184 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-03-31Completed
A Prospective Randomised Study to Compare a Fixed Dose Combination of Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg With a Fixed Dose Combination of Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg in Patients With Uncontrolled Hypertension Who Fail [NCT00239369]Phase 3713 participants Interventional2005-10-31Completed
Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of 80 mg Telmisartan in Combination With 2, 4, or 6 mg Lacidipine. An Open, Single Rising Dose Group Comparison Trial - Placebo Randomised Double Blind in Each Dose Group - in Male Healthy Subjects [NCT02218684]Phase 127 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-09-30Completed
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Forced Titration, Parallel Group Comparison, Multicenter Trial to Compare the Effects of Either Telmisartan (40-80 mg p.o. Once Daily) or Ramipril (5-10 mg p.o. Once Daily) on Renal Endothelial Dysfun [NCT00240422]Phase 496 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-02-28Completed
A Prospective, Randomised, Open-Label, Blinded-Endpoint, Parallel Group 6-week Treatment Study Comparing Telmisartan Combined With Hydrochlorothiazide (40 mg/12.5 mg or 80 mg/12.5 mg) Tablets With Losartan Combined With Hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg/12.5 mg) [NCT00274638]Phase 4805 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-07-31Completed
Prognostic Value of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in the Prediction of Cardiovascular Events and Effects of Chronotherapy in Relation to Risk (the MAPEC Study). [NCT00295542]Phase 43,344 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-03-31Completed
DETAIL = Diabetics Exposed to Telmisartan And enalapIL: A Randomised, Double-blind, Parallel-group Comparison of the Renal and Antihypertensive Effects of Telmisartan and Enalapril in Subjects With Mild to Moderate Hypertension and Concurrent Type II Diab [NCT00274118]Phase 3250 participants Interventional1997-07-31Completed
Reduced Factorial Design, Randomized, Double Blind Trial Comparing Combinations of Telmisartan 20 or 80 mg and Simvastatin 20 or 40 mg With Single Component Therapies in the Treatment of Hypertension and Dyslipidemia [NCT00316095]Phase 31,695 participants Interventional2006-04-30Completed
Detailed Analysis of the Effects of Telmisartan on Renal Perfusion in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome [NCT00452192]Phase 330 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-11-30Completed
ARB and CCB Longest Combination Treatment on Ambulatory and Home BP in Hypertension With Atrial Fibrillation -Multicenter Study on Time of Dosing [NCT01748253]80 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-11-30Recruiting
Efficacy and Safety of GMRx2 (a Single Pill Combination Containing Telmisartan/Amlodipine/Indapamide) Compared to Placebo for the Treatment of Hypertension [NCT04518306]Phase 3295 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-06-06Completed
[NCT01819220]Phase 416 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-04-30Completed
A Randomized, Open-label, Single Dose, Two-treatment, Two-period, Two-sequence Crossover Study to Investigate the Effect of Atorvastatin on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Telmisartan/S-amlodipine After Oral Administration in Healthy Volunteers [NCT01842230]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-04-30Completed
A Randomized, Open-label, Single Dose, Two-treatment, Two-period, Two-sequence Crossover Study to Investigate the Effect of Telmisartan/S-amlodipine on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Atorvastatin After Oral Administration in Healthy Volunteers [NCT01842256]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-04-30Completed
Prospective Monitoring of Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor in Older Adults With Heart Failure and Frailty [NCT04743063]40,000 participants (Anticipated)Observational2021-01-14Active, not recruiting
An Eight-week Randomized, 4-arm, Double-blind Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Combinations of Telmisartan 40mg + Amlodipine 5mg Versus Telmisartan 80mg + Amlodipine 5mg Versus Amlodipine 5mg Versus Amlodipine 10mg Monotherapy in Patients With [NCT00558428]Phase 31,098 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-10-31Completed
The Effect of Nifedipine Versus Telmisartan on Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence in Hypertensive Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation by Intensive Lower Blood Pressure [NCT01435161]Phase 4160 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-05-31Completed
Risk of Morning Hypertension [NCT02242331]19,805 participants (Actual)Observational2001-06-30Completed
Italian Study on the Cardiovascular Effects of Systolic Blood Pressure Control - CARDIOSIS Study [NCT00421863]Phase 41,111 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-02-28Completed
Pilot Study of Telmisartan (Micardis) For the Prevention of Acute Graft vs. Host Disease Post Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT02338232]32 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-07-07Terminated(stopped due to Lack of Accrual)
The CORONAvirus Disease 2019 Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin Receptor Blocker InvestigatiON (CORONACION) Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT04330300]Phase 42,414 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-04-30Suspended(stopped due to Challenges with funding and very low incidence of COVID-19 at Irish study site)
Beta Blockers and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease Aortopathy (BAV Study) [NCT01202721]Phase 385 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-06-30Terminated(stopped due to Terminated early due to lack of study feasibility and poor patient recruitment)
Post-Marketing Surveillance Study Micardis® Plus [NCT02242357]14,553 participants (Actual)Observational2003-01-31Completed
Micardis® / MicardisPlus® Monitoring of Morning Hypertension and Metabolism II [NCT02242825]8,148 participants (Actual)Observational2006-01-31Completed
Prevalence and Incidence of Dyskalemia in Hypertensive Patients Initiating a Fixed Dose Combination Pill of Telmisartan and Amlodipine [NCT05155436]Phase 41,090 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-01-15Completed
A Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Parellel Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Triple Therapy of Telmisartan/Amlodipine/Rosuvastatin in Patients With Dyslipidemia and Hypertension [NCT03088254]Phase 3126 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-09-20Completed
An Open-Label, Long-term (52-week), Safety Trial of the Fixed Dose Combination of Telmisartan 80mg Plus Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5mg and Telmisartan 40mg Plus Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5mg in Patients With Essential Hypertension - Efficacy and Safety Evaluatio [NCT00326768]Phase 3184 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-05-31Completed
An Eight-week Randomised, Double-blind Study to Compare the Fixed-dose Combination of Telmisartan 40mg + Amlodipine 10mg Versus Telmisartan 80mg + Amlodipine 10mg Versus Amlodipine 10mg Monotherapy in Patients With Hypertension Who Fail to Respond Adequat [NCT00553267]Phase 3947 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-11-30Completed
Upstream-therapy by Telmisartan and Amlodipine Combination for Improvement of Left Atrial Mechanical Function After Pulmonary Vein Antrum Isolation [NCT02734355]Phase 464 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-11-30Completed
Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine, Telmisartan and Azithromycin on the Survival of Hospitalized Elderly Patients With COVID-19: a Randomized, Multicenter, Adaptative Study [NCT04359953]Phase 316 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-04-25Terminated(stopped due to difficulty in recruiting)
"Telmisartan Versus Enalapril in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Patients With Moderately Impaired Kidney Functions. TRIUMF Trial" [NCT04736329]107 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-02-01Completed
HALT Progression of Polycystic Kidney Disease Study B [NCT01885559]Phase 3486 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-01-31Completed
A Prospective, Randomised, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Forced-titration, Multicentre, Parallel Group, One Year Treatment Trial to Compare MICARDIS® (Telmisartan) 80 mg Versus COZAAR® (Losartan) 100 mg, in Hypertensive Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Overt N [NCT00168857]Phase 4860 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-07-09Completed
A Randomized, Open, Parallel, Multicenter, Phase 4 Study to Evaluate the Central Aortic Pressure Effect Between Fixed Dose Combination (Duowell® Tab) and Monotherapy of Telmisartan in Mild Dyslipidemia Patients With Hypertension [NCT03267329]Phase 480 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-09-11Completed
An Eight-week Randomised Double-blind Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Telmisartan 80 mg and Amlodipine 5 mg and Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg vs. Telmisartan 80 mg and Amlodipine 5 mg in Patients With Hypertension Who Fail to Respond Adequately [NCT01975246]Phase 3309 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-11-30Completed
Characterization of Arterial Hypertension and Efficacy of Blood-pressure Lowering Therapy at Different Altitudes Above Sea Level [NCT02373163]Phase 4120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-09-30Recruiting
An Open-label Evaluation of the Effectiveness of MICARDIS® (Telmisartan) on Blood Pressure Control and Quality of Life in Patients With Essential Hypertension The MICARDIS COMMUNITY ACCESS TRIAL (MicCAT) [NCT02242370]Phase 43,045 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-09-30Completed
Post-Marketing Surveillance of Micardis® (Telmisartan) Special Drug Use-results Survey on Long-term Treatment [NCT02242838]6,336 participants (Actual)Observational2003-09-30Completed
Telmisartan for Treatment of COVID-19 Patients: an Open Label Randomized Trial [NCT04355936]Phase 4400 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-05-19Completed
Replication of the TRANSCEND Antihypertensive Trial in Healthcare Claims Data [NCT04354376]40,048 participants (Actual)Observational2017-09-22Completed
Telmisartan as an Adjunctive Treatment for Metabolic Problems in Patients With Schizophrenia [NCT00981526]Phase 466 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-03-31Completed
Effects of Telmisartan on Fibrotic and Inflammatory Contributors to End-Organ Disease in HIV-Infected Patients Well Controlled on Antiretroviral Therapy [NCT01928927]Phase 258 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-01-31Completed
[NCT03210532]Phase 3129 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-10-07Completed
A Prospective, Randomised, Double-blind, Double-dummy Trial to Compare the Efficacy of Micardis® (Telmisartan) (80 mg p.o. Once Daily) and Valsartan (160 mg p.o. Once Daily) in Patients With Mild-to-moderate Hypertension After Missing One Dose Using Ambul [NCT02242318]Phase 4440 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-09-30Completed
A Study of a Hypertensive Population Under Treatment With Micardis® and Micardis Plus® Under Real Clinical Conditions With the Goal to Control the Early Morning BP Rise (SURGE II) [NCT02242396]5,248 participants (Actual)Observational2005-08-31Completed
Micardis® / MicardisPlus® Monitoring of Morning Hypertension and Metabolism II [NCT02242864]1,527 participants (Actual)Observational2006-01-31Completed
Morning Hypertension and Patient Self-monitoring [NCT02243566]2,707 participants (Actual)Observational2006-04-30Completed
A Phase IV Study, Prospective, Randomised, Open Label, Blinded Endpoint, Parallel Group, 9 Weeks of Comparison Between Oral Administration of Telmisartan Tablet (80mg Once Daily) and Amlodipine Tablet (10 mg Once Daily) on Biological PPAR Gamma Activities [NCT00242814]Phase 4100 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-11-03Completed
An Eight-week Randomised Double-blind Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Telmisartan 80 mg and Amlodipine 5 mg and Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg vs. Telmisartan 80 mg and Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg in Patients With Hypertension Who Fail to Respond [NCT01911780]Phase 3132 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-07-31Completed
Pharmaco-epidemiological Study Describing a Population of Hypertensive Patients Treated in General Practice With a Fixed-dose Combination of Telmisartan and Hydrochlorothiazide, the Level of Blood Pressure Control and the Modalities of Arterial Hypertensi [NCT02248129]4,255 participants (Actual)Observational2006-04-30Completed
Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Single Rising Oral Doses (40 mg Telmisartan / 12.5 mg HCTZ to 80 mg Telmisartan / 12.5 mg HCTZ) and Multiple Oral Doses (80 mg Telmisartan / 12.5 mg HCTZ) of Drug in Healthy Male Volunteers [NCT02262780]Phase 120 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-12-01Completed
Telmisartan and Flow-Mediated Dilatation in Older HIV-Infected Patients at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease [NCT01578772]Phase 217 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-08-31Completed
Filtered Trial for Amlodipine Non-responder [NCT00558064]Phase 3531 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-10-31Completed
Post Marketing Surveillance Study in Rehabilitation Clinics (Cardio, Nephro, Diabetes, Pulmo) [NCT02262611]266 participants (Actual)Observational2003-01-31Completed
An Open-label, Randomized, Two-sequence, Multiple-dose, Crossover Study to Evaluate Drug-drug Interaction Following Oral Administration of Telmisartan/Amlodipine and Atorvastatin in Healthy Adult Volunteers [NCT03461081]Phase 132 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-05-07Completed
A Two-cohort, Single-sequence, Parallel, Open Label, Multiple Oral Dosing Phase I Study to Evaluate the Safety and the Pharmacokinetic Drug-drug Interaction of Omega-3 and Atorvastatin in Healthy Male Volunteers [NCT03438955]Phase 148 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-02-01Recruiting
Pharmacokinetics of Multiple Oral Doses of Telmisartan 80 mg/Amlodipine 5 mg/Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg Fixed-dose Combination Tablet, Telmisartan 80 mg/Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg Fixed-dose Combination Tablet and Telmisartan 80 mg/Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed [NCT02183675]Phase 136 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-07-31Completed
A Study to Explore the Effects of Azilsartan Compared to Telmisartan on Insulin Resistance of Patients With Essential Hypertension on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by HOMA-R [NCT02079805]Phase 433 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-06-30Completed
An Open Label, Randomized, Single-dose, 4-period Cross-over Study to Compare the Pharmacokinetics and Safety Following Administration of JLP-1401 and Coadministration of Rosuvastatin and Telmisartan/Amlodipine in Healthy Adult Volunteers [NCT03247140]Phase 140 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-06-10Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

TrialOutcome
NCT00153062 (5) [back to overview]Number of Patients With First Recurrent Stroke of Any Type, Fatal or Nonfatal (Telmisartan vs. Placebo Only)
NCT00153062 (5) [back to overview]Composite Outcome of Stroke, Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Vascular Death (Antiplatelet Comparison Only)
NCT00153062 (5) [back to overview]Number of Patients With New Onset of Diabetes (Telmisartan vs. Placebo Only)
NCT00153062 (5) [back to overview]Composite Outcome of Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, Vascular Death, or New or Worsening Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) (Telmisartan vs. Placebo Only)
NCT00153062 (5) [back to overview]Number of Patients With First Recurrent Stroke of Any Type, Fatal or Nonfatal (Antiplatelet Comparison Only)
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]ONTARGET. Cognitive Decline
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]ONTARGET. Combined Endpoint of Doubling of Serum Creatinine, Progression to ESRD, New Microalbuminuria, or New Macroalbuminuria
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]ONTARGET. Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular Death, Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction and Non-fatal Stroke
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]ONTARGET. Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular Death, Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction, Non-fatal Stroke and Hospitalization for Congestive Heart Failure
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]ONTARGET. Doubling of Serum Creatinine
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]ONTARGET. Doubling of Serum Creatinine in Diabetic Nephropathy Patients
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]ONTARGET. Hospitalization for Congestive Heart Failure
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]ONTARGET. New Macroalbuminuria
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]ONTARGET. New Microalbuminuria
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]ONTARGET. New Onset of Atrial Fibrillation
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]ONTARGET. Newly Diagnosed Congestive Heart Failure
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]ONTARGET. Newly Diagnosed Diabetes
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]ONTARGET. Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]ONTARGET. Non-fatal Stroke
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]ONTARGET. Normalisation From Micro- or Macroalbuminuria to Normoalbuminuria
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]ONTARGET. Progression to ESRD
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]TRANSCEND. Cardiovascular Death
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]TRANSCEND. Cardiovascular Revascularization Procedure
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]TRANSCEND. Cognitive Decline
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]TRANSCEND. Combined Endpoint of Doubling Serum Creatinine, Progression to ESRD, New Microalbuminuria or New Macroalbuminuria
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]TRANSCEND. Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular Death, Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction and Non-fatal Stroke
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]TRANSCEND. Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular Death, Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction, Non-fatal Stroke and Hospitalization for Congestive Heart Failure
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]TRANSCEND. Doubling of Serum Creatinine
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]TRANSCEND. Hospitalization for Congestive Heart Failure
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]TRANSCEND. New Macroalbuminuria
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]TRANSCEND. New Microalbuminuria
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]TRANSCEND. New Onset of Atrial Fibrillation
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]ONTARGET. All-cause Mortality in Diabetic Nephropathy Patients
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]TRANSCEND. Newly Diagnosed Diabetes
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]TRANSCEND. Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]TRANSCEND. Non-fatal Stroke
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]TRANSCEND. Normalisation From Micro- or Macroalbuminuria to Normoalbuminuria
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]TRANSCEND. Newly Diagnosed Congestive Heart Failure
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]ONTARGET. Progression to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in Diabetic Nephropathy Patients
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]ONTARGET. Cardiovascular Death
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]ONTARGET. Cardiovascular Revascularization Procedure
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]ONTARGET. 3-fold Composite Endpoint of Doubling of Serum Creatinine, Progression to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and All-cause Mortality in Diabetic Nephropathy Patients
NCT00153101 (38) [back to overview]TRANSCEND. Progression to ESRD
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in ABPM 24-hour Mean SBP
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in ABPM 24-hour Mean DBP
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in ABPM 24-hour Mean DBP
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline at 8 Weeks in Standing Trough Cuff Mean SBP
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline at 8 Weeks in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Adjusted Treatment Effects, Excluding Pl)
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]BP Control
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]BP Control
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline at 8 Weeks in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Adjusted Amlodipine Effects)
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline at 8 Weeks in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Adjusted Telmisartan Effects)
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline at 8 Weeks in Standing Trough Cuff Mean DBP
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline at 8 Weeks in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Adjusted Treatment Effects)
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline at 8 Weeks in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Observed Amlodipine Effects)
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline at 8 Weeks in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Observed Treatment Effects)
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline at 8 Weeks in Seated Trough Cuff Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) (Observed Telmisartan Effect)
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Clinical Relevant Abnormalities for Laboratory Parameters and Electrocardiogram (ECG)
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Seated Trough Cuff DBP
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in ABPM Hourly Mean (Relative to Dosing) SBP
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in ABPM Hourly Mean (Relative to Dosing) DBP
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in ABPM Hourly Mean (Relative to Dosing) DBP
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline at 2,4,6,and 8 Weeks in Seated Trough Cuff DBP
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]BP Normality
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]BP Normality
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]SBP Response
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]SBP Response
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Orthostatic Change in Trough Cuff Mean SBP
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Orthostatic Change in Trough Cuff Mean SBP
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline at 8 Weeks in Seated Trough Cuff Mean Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Orthostatic Change in Trough Cuff Mean DBP
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Orthostatic Change in Trough Cuff Mean DBP
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]DBP Response
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]DBP Response
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]DBP Control
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]DBP Control
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Standing Trough Cuff Mean SBP
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Standing Trough Cuff Mean DBP
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Seated Trough Pulse Rate
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Seated Trough Pulse Rate
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Seated Trough Cuff Mean SBP
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Observed Treatment Effects)
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Observed Telmisartan Effect)
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Observed Amlodipine Effects)
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Adjusted Treatment Effects)
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Adjusted Treatment Effects, Excluding Pl)
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Adjusted Telmisartan Effects)
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Adjusted Amlodipine Effects)
NCT00281580 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in ABPM 24-hour Mean SBP
NCT00283686 (9) [back to overview]Quality of Life Physical Component Summary
NCT00283686 (9) [back to overview]Study A: Percent Annual Change in Total Kidney Volume
NCT00283686 (9) [back to overview]Renal Blood Flow
NCT00283686 (9) [back to overview]Quality of Life Mental Component Summary
NCT00283686 (9) [back to overview]Aldosterone
NCT00283686 (9) [back to overview]Albuminuria
NCT00283686 (9) [back to overview]Kidney Function (eGFR)
NCT00283686 (9) [back to overview]Left Ventricular Mass Index
NCT00283686 (9) [back to overview]All-Cause Hospitalizations
NCT00550953 (8) [back to overview]Decrease in Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure From Baseline to 8 Weeks
NCT00550953 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Optimal, Normal or High Normal Blood Pressure at 8 Weeks (0 Percent at Baseline)
NCT00550953 (8) [back to overview]Decrease in Seated Systolic Blood Pressure From Baseline to 8 Weeks
NCT00550953 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Who Achieved an Adequate Response in Seated Trough Diastolic Blood Pressure at 8 Weeks (0 Percent at Baseline)
NCT00550953 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Who Achieved an Adequate Response in Seated Trough Systolic Blood Pressure at 8 Weeks (0 Percent at Baseline)
NCT00550953 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Seated Trough Diastolic Blood Pressure Less Than 90 mmHg at 8 Weeks (0 Percent at Baseline)
NCT00550953 (8) [back to overview]Clinically Relevant Abnormalities for Changes in Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Due to Position Change, Seated Pulse Rate, Laboratory Parameters and ECG
NCT00550953 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Seated Trough Systolic Blood Pressure Less Than 140 mmHg at 8 Weeks (0 Percent at Baseline)
NCT00553267 (10) [back to overview]Trough Seated SBP Response
NCT00553267 (10) [back to overview]Trough Seated SBP Control
NCT00553267 (10) [back to overview]Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure Control (Defined as < 90mmHg)
NCT00553267 (10) [back to overview]Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure <80 mmHg
NCT00553267 (10) [back to overview]Trough Seated DBP Response
NCT00553267 (10) [back to overview]Trough Seated BP Normality Classes
NCT00553267 (10) [back to overview]Peripheral Oedema Incidence Rate
NCT00553267 (10) [back to overview]Oedema Incidence Rate
NCT00553267 (10) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure
NCT00553267 (10) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure
NCT00558064 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Who Achieved an Adequate Response in Seated Trough Diastolic Blood Pressure at 8 Weeks (0 Percent at Baseline)
NCT00558064 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Optimal, Normal or High Normal Blood Pressure at 8 Weeks (0 Percent at Baseline)
NCT00558064 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Seated Trough Diastolic Blood Pressure Less Than 90 mmHg at 8 Weeks (0 Percent at Baseline)
NCT00558064 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Seated Trough Systolic Blood Pressure Less Than 140 mmHg at 8 Weeks (0 Percent at Baseline)
NCT00558064 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Who Achieved an Adequate Response in Seated Trough Systolic Blood Pressure at 8 Weeks
NCT00558064 (8) [back to overview]Reduction From Reference Baseline in Mean Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure at Trough (24-hour Post-dosing)
NCT00558064 (8) [back to overview]Reduction From Reference Baseline in Mean Seated Systolic Blood Pressure at Trough (24-hour Post-dosing)
NCT00558064 (8) [back to overview]Clinically Relevant Abnormalities for Blood Chemistry, Pulse Rate, Laboratory Parameters and ECG
NCT00558428 (8) [back to overview]Trough Seated SBP Response
NCT00558428 (8) [back to overview]Trough Seated SBP Control
NCT00558428 (8) [back to overview]Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure Control
NCT00558428 (8) [back to overview]Trough Seated Blood Pressure (BP) Normality Classes
NCT00558428 (8) [back to overview]Trough Seated DBP Response
NCT00558428 (8) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Oedema
NCT00558428 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)
NCT00558428 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)
NCT00614380 (14) [back to overview]Additional Reduction in DBP by Use of Additional Antihypertensive Therapy
NCT00614380 (14) [back to overview]Change in SBP From Last Available Trough in 1235.5 to Last Available Trough in 1235.7
NCT00614380 (14) [back to overview]Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) Control
NCT00614380 (14) [back to overview]Trough Seated SBP Response
NCT00614380 (14) [back to overview]Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) Control
NCT00614380 (14) [back to overview]Trough Seated DBP Response
NCT00614380 (14) [back to overview]Trough DBP Control Pre- and Post- Uptitration
NCT00614380 (14) [back to overview]Trough Blood Pressure (BP) Normality Classes
NCT00614380 (14) [back to overview]Patients Requiring Additional Antihypertensive Therapy to Achieve DBP Control
NCT00614380 (14) [back to overview]Time to First Additional Antihypertensive
NCT00614380 (14) [back to overview]Change in DBP From Last Available Trough in 1235.5 to Last Available Trough in 1235.7
NCT00614380 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure
NCT00614380 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure
NCT00614380 (14) [back to overview]Additional Reduction in SBP by Use of Additional Antihypertensive Therapy
NCT00618774 (13) [back to overview]Seated SBP Response Rate at Trough
NCT00618774 (13) [back to overview]Seated SBP Control Rate at Trough After 6 and 12 Months
NCT00618774 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Seated Systolic Blood Pressure
NCT00618774 (13) [back to overview]Clinically Relevant Abnormalities for Changes in Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Due to Position Change, Seated Pulse Rate, Laboratory Parameters and ECG
NCT00618774 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure
NCT00618774 (13) [back to overview]Seated Blood Pressure Normalisation at Trough
NCT00618774 (13) [back to overview]Seated DBP Control Rate at Trough After 6 and 12 Months
NCT00618774 (13) [back to overview]Seated DBP Response Rate at Trough
NCT00618774 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Seated Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 8
NCT00618774 (13) [back to overview]Seated DBP Control Rate at Trough After 8 Weeks
NCT00618774 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Adverse Events
NCT00618774 (13) [back to overview]Seated SBP Control Rate at Trough After 8 Weeks
NCT00618774 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 8
NCT00624052 (14) [back to overview]Change in SBP From Last Available Trough in NCT00553267 to Last Available Trough in NCT00624052
NCT00624052 (14) [back to overview]Time to First Additional Antihypertensive
NCT00624052 (14) [back to overview]Number of Patients Requiring Additional Antihypertensive Therapy to Achieve DBP Control
NCT00624052 (14) [back to overview]Trough BP Normality Classes
NCT00624052 (14) [back to overview]Trough DBP Control Pre- and Post- Uptitration
NCT00624052 (14) [back to overview]Trough Seated DBP Response
NCT00624052 (14) [back to overview]Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) Control
NCT00624052 (14) [back to overview]Trough Seated SBP Response
NCT00624052 (14) [back to overview]Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) Control
NCT00624052 (14) [back to overview]Additional Reduction in DBP by Use of Additional Antihypertensive Therapy
NCT00624052 (14) [back to overview]Additional Reduction in SBP by Use of Additional Antihypertensive Therapy
NCT00624052 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to End of Study in Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure
NCT00624052 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to End of Study in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure
NCT00624052 (14) [back to overview]Change in DBP From Last Available Trough in NCT00553267 to Last Available Trough in NCT00624052
NCT00659581 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure at 6 Months
NCT00659581 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure at 24 Months
NCT00659581 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Diastolic Blood Pressure at 24 Months
NCT00659581 (9) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Cerebrovascular(CeV) and Cardiovascular (CaV) Events
NCT00659581 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure at 36 Months
NCT00659581 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure at 12 Months
NCT00659581 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Diastolic Blood Pressure at 6 Months
NCT00659581 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Diastolic Blood Pressure at 36 Months
NCT00659581 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Diastolic Blood Pressure at 12 Months
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Patients Achieving Blood Pressure Control at Week 4
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Patients Achieving Blood Pressure Control at Week 6
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Patients Achieving Blood Pressure Control at Week 8
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Patients Achieving Diastolic Blood Pressure Control at Week 1
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Patients Achieving Diastolic Blood Pressure Control at Week 2
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Patients Achieving Diastolic Blood Pressure Control at Week 4
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Patients Achieving Diastolic Blood Pressure Control at Week 6
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Patients Achieving Diastolic Blood Pressure Control at Week 8
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Patients Achieving Diastolic Blood Pressure Response at Week 1
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Patients Achieving Diastolic Blood Pressure Response at Week 2
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Patients Achieving Diastolic Blood Pressure Response at Week 4
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) at Week 8
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Patients Achieving Diastolic Blood Pressure Response at Week 8
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Patients Achieving Normal Blood Pressure Response at Week 4
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Patients Achieving Normal Blood Pressure Response at Week 6
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Patients Achieving Normal Blood Pressure Response at Week 8
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Patients Achieving Systolic Blood Pressure Response at Week 1
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Patients Achieving Systolic Blood Pressure Response at Week 2
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Patients Achieving Systolic Blood Pressure Response at Week 4
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Patients Achieving Systolic Blood Pressure Response at Week 6
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Patients Achieving Systolic Blood Pressure Response at Week 8
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 1
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) at Week 8
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 1
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 2
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 6
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 4
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Patients Achieving Diastolic Blood Pressure Response at Week 6
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 6
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 2
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Number of Patients Achieving Various Blood Pressure Response Levels at Week 1
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Number of Patients Achieving Various Blood Pressure Response Levels at Week 2
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Patients Achieving Blood Pressure Control at Week 1
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Patients Achieving Blood Pressure Control at Week 2
NCT00860262 (35) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 4
NCT00865020 (5) [back to overview]Change in the Mean Sitting Systolic Blood Pressure (msSBP) as Measured at All Study Visits During the Double-blind Treatment Period and During the Treatment Withdrawal Period
NCT00865020 (5) [back to overview]Change in the Mean Diastolic Sitting Blood Pressure (msDBP) as Measured at All Study Visits During the Double-blind Treatment Period and During the Treatment Withdrawal Period
NCT00865020 (5) [back to overview]Change in 24-hr Mean Ambulatory Systolic Blood Pressure (MASBP) and Mean Ambulatory Diastolic Blood Pressure (MADBP) From Baseline to Day 7 of the Withdrawal Period
NCT00865020 (5) [back to overview]Change in 24 Hour (24-Hr) Mean Ambulatory Systolic Blood Pressure (MASBP) From the End of the Active Treatment Period to Day 7 of the Withdrawal Period
NCT00865020 (5) [back to overview]Change in 24 Hour (24-hr) Mean Ambulatory Diastolic Blood Pressure (MADBP) From the End of the Active Treatment Period to Day 7 of the Withdrawal Period
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]SBP Control 130 at Six Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]SBP Control 130 at One Week
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]SBP Control 130 at Four Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]SBP Control 130 at Eight Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]DBP Response at Week Two
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]SBP Response 130 at Eight Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]DBP Response at Week One
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]DBP Response at Week Four
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]DBP Response at Six Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) Control 140 at Eight Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]SBP Response 140 at Two Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]SBP Response 140 at Six Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]SBP Response 140 at One Week
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]DBP Response at Eight Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Urine Albumin:Creatinine Ratio (UACR)
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure to Week 6
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure to Week 4
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure to Week 2
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure to Week 1
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]BP Control (SBP<140 mmHg, DBP<90 mmHg) at Two Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]BP Control (SBP<140 mmHg, DBP<90 mmHg) at Six Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]BP Control (SBP<140 mmHg, DBP<90 mmHg) at One Week
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]SBP Response 140 at Eight Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]BP Control (SBP<140 mmHg, DBP<90 mmHg) at Four Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]BP Control (SBP<130 mmHg, DBP<80 mmHg) at Two Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]BP Control (SBP<130 mmHg, DBP<80 mmHg) at Six Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]BP Control (SBP<130 mmHg, DBP<80 mmHg) at One Week
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]BP Control (SBP<130 mmHg, DBP<80 mmHg) at Four Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]BP Control (SBP<130 mmHg, DBP<80 mmHg) at Eight Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]Blood Pressure (BP) Control (SBP<140 mmHg, DBP<90 mmHg) at Eight Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]SBP Response 140 at Four Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure to Week 8
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]SBP Response 130 at Two Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]SBP Response 130 at Six Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]SBP Response 130 at One Week
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]SBP Response 130 at Four Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]SBP Control 140 at Two Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]SBP Control 140 at Six Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]SBP Control 140 at One Week
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]SBP Control 140 at Four Weeks
NCT00877929 (41) [back to overview]SBP Control 130 at Two Weeks
NCT00879411 (3) [back to overview]Efficacy (Change of Diastolic Blood Pressure)
NCT00879411 (3) [back to overview]Overall Tolerability Scale
NCT00879411 (3) [back to overview]Efficacy (Change of Systolic Blood Pressure)
NCT00890084 (8) [back to overview]Treatment Patterns
NCT00890084 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Prescribers Who Adhered to European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology (ESH/ESC) Guidelines 2007
NCT00890084 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Blood Pressure < 140/90 mm Hg
NCT00890084 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Blood Pressure < 130/80 mm Hg
NCT00890084 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients in Whom the Prescriber Decide to Further Lower the Blood Pressure to < 130/80 mm Hg
NCT00890084 (8) [back to overview]Change in Concomitant Antihypertensive Drugs Given at Study Entry
NCT00890084 (8) [back to overview]BP Response Rate (Drop of Systolic BP of 10mmHg or More)
NCT00890084 (8) [back to overview]Absolute Blood Pressure Decrease
NCT00904215 (4) [back to overview]Change in DBP (Diastolic Blood Pressure)
NCT00904215 (4) [back to overview]Change in SBP (Systolic Blood Pressure)
NCT00904215 (4) [back to overview]Change in WHO-QOL (WHO-Quality Of Life)
NCT00904215 (4) [back to overview]Change in VAS (Visual Analog Scale)
NCT00926289 (15) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Mean Seated Trough Cuff Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) to Week 7
NCT00926289 (15) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Mean Seated Trough Cuff SBP to Week 3
NCT00926289 (15) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Mean Seated Trough Cuff SBP to Week 5
NCT00926289 (15) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Mean Seated Trough Cuff Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) to Week 7
NCT00926289 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participants With DBP Response at Week 7
NCT00926289 (15) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Blood Pressure (BP) Control at Week 7
NCT00926289 (15) [back to overview]Number of Patients With BP Control at Week 7
NCT00926289 (15) [back to overview]Number of Patients With SBP Control (SBP < 140 mmHg) at Week 7
NCT00926289 (15) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) Response at Week 7
NCT00926289 (15) [back to overview]Number of Patients With SBP Control (SBP < 140 mmHg) at Week 3
NCT00926289 (15) [back to overview]Number of Patients With DBP Control (DBP < 90 mmHg) at Week 7
NCT00926289 (15) [back to overview]Number of Patients With DBP Control (DBP < 90 mmHg) at Week 5
NCT00926289 (15) [back to overview]Number of Patients With DBP Control (DBP < 90 mmHg) at Week 3
NCT00926289 (15) [back to overview]BP Categories at Week 7
NCT00926289 (15) [back to overview]Number of Patients With SBP Control (SBP < 140 mmHg) at Week 5
NCT00981526 (6) [back to overview]Lipid Metabolism - LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol
NCT00981526 (6) [back to overview]Triglycerides
NCT00981526 (6) [back to overview]Insulin Resistance
NCT00981526 (6) [back to overview]Body Composition: Waist to Hip Ratio
NCT00981526 (6) [back to overview]Body Composition: Percent Total Body Fat
NCT00981526 (6) [back to overview]Psychopathology - PANSS Total, PANSS - Negative Score, PANNS - Positive Score and SANS - Total Scores.
NCT01050062 (5) [back to overview]Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)
NCT01050062 (5) [back to overview]Incidence of Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT01050062 (5) [back to overview]Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)
NCT01050062 (5) [back to overview]Blood Pressure Normalised Rate
NCT01050062 (5) [back to overview]Target Blood Pressure Achievement Rate
NCT01088295 (1) [back to overview]Median Change in Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) Volume
NCT01103960 (10) [back to overview]Number of Patients in Blood Pressure Categories Over Time
NCT01103960 (10) [back to overview]DBP and SBP Control and Response After 8 Weeks of Treatment
NCT01103960 (10) [back to overview]DBP and SBP Control and Response After 4 Weeks of Treatment
NCT01103960 (10) [back to overview]Clinically Relevant Abnormalities for Physical Examination, Pulse Rate, Laboratory Parameters and ECG.
NCT01103960 (10) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in SBP After 8 Weeks of Treatment
NCT01103960 (10) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in SBP After 4 Weeks of Treatment
NCT01103960 (10) [back to overview]Number of Patients in Blood Pressure Categories at 4 Weeks
NCT01103960 (10) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in DBP After 8 Weeks of Treatment in Chinese Patients
NCT01103960 (10) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in DBP After 8 Weeks of Treatment
NCT01103960 (10) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in DBP After 4 Weeks of Treatment
NCT01108809 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants Not Completing Study
NCT01108809 (10) [back to overview]Change in Heart Rate From Baseline to Study End
NCT01108809 (10) [back to overview]Change in Systolic Blood Pressure From Baseline to Study End
NCT01108809 (10) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Adverse Events (AE)
NCT01108809 (10) [back to overview]Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure From Baseline to Study End
NCT01108809 (10) [back to overview]Additional Antihypertensive Treatment Pattern at Visit 3 (End of Study)
NCT01108809 (10) [back to overview]Evolution of the Cardiovascular Risk Factor Framingham From Baseline to Study End
NCT01108809 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients That Achieve Target Blood Pressure Values According to the European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology (ESH/ESC)
NCT01108809 (10) [back to overview]Evolution of the Cardiovascular Risk Factor SCORE From Baseline to Study End
NCT01108809 (10) [back to overview]Evolution of the European Society of Hypertension / European Society of Cardiology (ESH/ESC) Based Cardiovascular Risk Factor From Baseline to Study End
NCT01134393 (9) [back to overview]DBP and SBP Control and Response Rates After 4, 8 and 12 Weeks of Treatment Using In-clinic BP Measurements
NCT01134393 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients in Blood Pressure Categories Over Time
NCT01134393 (9) [back to overview]DBP and SBP Control and Response Rates Morning and Evening Over Time HBPM Measurements
NCT01134393 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline Over Time in In-clinic Measured Mean SBP and Mean DBP
NCT01134393 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline Over Time in In-clinic Measured Mean Pulse Rate
NCT01134393 (9) [back to overview]BP Control After 4 and 8 Weeks of Treatment Using In-clinic BP Measurements.
NCT01134393 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Achieving Blood Pressure (BP) Control After 12 Weeks of Treatment Using In-clinic BP Measurements.
NCT01134393 (9) [back to overview]BP Control (Morning and Evening) After 12 Weeks of Treatment Using Home Blood Pressure Measurement (HBPM).
NCT01134393 (9) [back to overview]Frequency of Patients Requiring Up-titration to Telmisartan 80mg Plus Amlodipine 10mg Combination (T80/A10) to Achieve Blood Pressure Control Over Time
NCT01181011 (20) [back to overview]Tmax of Amlodipine
NCT01181011 (20) [back to overview]V_z/F of Amlodipine
NCT01181011 (20) [back to overview]λz of Amlodipine
NCT01181011 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Clinically Relevant Findings in Electrocardiogram (ECG), Vital Signs, Physical Finding or Laboratory Finding Abnormalities
NCT01181011 (20) [back to overview]Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From the Time of Dosing to Infinity (AUC_0-∞) of Telmisartan
NCT01181011 (20) [back to overview]Apparent Clearance of Telmisartan in Plasma Following Extravascular Administration (CL/F)
NCT01181011 (20) [back to overview]Apparent Volume of Distribution During the Terminal Phase λz Following an Extravascular Administration (V_z/F) of Telmisartan
NCT01181011 (20) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of Telmisartan in Plasma Over the Time Interval From 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Data Point (AUC_0-tz)
NCT01181011 (20) [back to overview]AUC_0-∞ of Amlodipine
NCT01181011 (20) [back to overview]AUC_0-tz of Amlodipine
NCT01181011 (20) [back to overview]CL/F of Amlodipine
NCT01181011 (20) [back to overview]Cmax of Amlodipine
NCT01181011 (20) [back to overview]Elimination Half-life (t_½) of Telmisartan
NCT01181011 (20) [back to overview]Mean Residence Time of Telmisartan in the Body After Oral Administration (MRT_po)
NCT01181011 (20) [back to overview]MRT_po of Amlodipine
NCT01181011 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants With at Least One Treatment Emergent Adverse Event
NCT01181011 (20) [back to overview]t_½ of Amlodipine
NCT01181011 (20) [back to overview]Terminal Rate Constant in Plasma (λz) of Telmisartan
NCT01181011 (20) [back to overview]The Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Telmisartan
NCT01181011 (20) [back to overview]Time to Attain Cmax (Tmax) of Telmisartan
NCT01202721 (2) [back to overview]Rate of Change in Ascending Aorta Size Evaluated by Transthoracic Echocardiography (TEE)
NCT01202721 (2) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Ascending Aorta Size, as Evaluated by MRI
NCT01204398 (7) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to End of Study in DBP and SBP
NCT01204398 (7) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to End of Study in In-clinic Pulse Rate
NCT01204398 (7) [back to overview]ABPM Hourly Mean DBP and SBP at Baseline and the End of the Study, Starting 1 Hour After Dosing
NCT01204398 (7) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in ABPM Hourly Mean DBP and SBP, Starting 1 Hour After Dosing
NCT01204398 (7) [back to overview]DBP and SBP Change From Baseline in Mean 24-hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) Mean
NCT01204398 (7) [back to overview]Treatment Emergent Adverse Events
NCT01204398 (7) [back to overview]Trough to Peak (T/P) Ratio for DBP and SBP After 8 Weeks of Treatment
NCT01222520 (7) [back to overview]Seated SBP Control Rate at Trough
NCT01222520 (7) [back to overview]Seated DBP Response Rate at Trough
NCT01222520 (7) [back to overview]Seated DBP Control Rate at Trough
NCT01222520 (7) [back to overview]Seated Blood Pressure (BP) Normalisation at Trough
NCT01222520 (7) [back to overview]Reduction From the Reference Baseline in Mean Seated Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) at Trough
NCT01222520 (7) [back to overview]Reduction From the Reference Baseline in Mean Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) at Trough
NCT01222520 (7) [back to overview]Seated SBP Response Rate at Trough
NCT01278797 (3) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of Plasma Amlodipine From 0 to 72 Hours (AUC72)
NCT01278797 (3) [back to overview]Time of Maximum Concentration of Amlodipine (TMAX)
NCT01278797 (3) [back to overview]Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Amlodipine
NCT01286558 (13) [back to overview]Seated DBP Control Rate at Trough
NCT01286558 (13) [back to overview]Reduction From the Reference Baseline in Mean Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) at Trough
NCT01286558 (13) [back to overview]Reduction From the Reference Baseline in Mean Seated Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) at Trough
NCT01286558 (13) [back to overview]Changes From the Reference Baseline in DBP Hourly Mean Over the 24-hour Dosing Interval as Measured by ABPM
NCT01286558 (13) [back to overview]Changes From the Reference Baseline in SBP Hourly Mean Over the 24-hour Dosing Interval as Measured by ABPM
NCT01286558 (13) [back to overview]Seated Blood Pressure (BP) Normalisation at Trough
NCT01286558 (13) [back to overview]Changes From the Reference Baseline in the 24-hour ABPM Mean (Relative to Dose Time) for SBP
NCT01286558 (13) [back to overview]Changes From the Pseudo-baseline in the 24-hour ABPM Mean (Relative to Dose Time) for SBP
NCT01286558 (13) [back to overview]Changes From the Pseudo-baseline in the 24-hour ABPM Mean (Relative to Dose Time) for DBP
NCT01286558 (13) [back to overview]Changes From the Reference Baseline in the 24-hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) Mean (Relative to Dose Time) for DBP
NCT01286558 (13) [back to overview]Seated SBP Response Rate at Trough
NCT01286558 (13) [back to overview]Seated SBP Control Rate at Trough
NCT01286558 (13) [back to overview]Seated DBP Response Rate at Trough
NCT01316419 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline of Quality of Life Assessment Data Measured by World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF)- Physical Health Domain
NCT01316419 (20) [back to overview]Mean Blood Lipid Change - High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-Cholesterol
NCT01316419 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Achieving SBP/DBP < 130/80 mmHg Among Patients With Diabetes or Kidney Disease
NCT01316419 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Who Complied With Each Category of Lifestyle Modification Recommendations at 24±2 Weeks
NCT01316419 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Who Complied With Each Category of Lifestyle Modification Recommendations at 12±2 Weeks
NCT01316419 (20) [back to overview]Mean Blood Pressure Change Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) From Baseline After 24±2 Weeks of Treatment or at the Last Observation in Case of Early Withdrawal.
NCT01316419 (20) [back to overview]Incidence and Severity of Reported Adverse Events.
NCT01316419 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Achieving Target Blood Pressure SBP/DBP <140/90 mmHg.
NCT01316419 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Achieving SBP Response
NCT01316419 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Achieving Normal Body Mass Index (BMI)
NCT01316419 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Achieving DBP Response
NCT01316419 (20) [back to overview]Mean Blood Pressure Change Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) From Baseline After 24±2 Weeks of Treatment or at the Last Observation in Case of Early Withdrawal.
NCT01316419 (20) [back to overview]Mean Blood Lipid Change - Triglyceride
NCT01316419 (20) [back to overview]Mean Blood Lipid Change - Total Cholesterol
NCT01316419 (20) [back to overview]Mean Blood Lipid Change - Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-Cholesterol
NCT01316419 (20) [back to overview]EuroQol (EQ) Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
NCT01316419 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline of Quality of Life Assessment Data Measured by World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF)- Social Relationships Domain
NCT01316419 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline of Quality of Life Assessment Data Measured by World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF)- Psychological Domain
NCT01316419 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline of Quality of Life Assessment Data Measured by World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF)- Overall
NCT01316419 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline of Quality of Life Assessment Data Measured by World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF)- Environment Domain
NCT01344629 (7) [back to overview]Tmax
NCT01344629 (7) [back to overview]t1/2
NCT01344629 (7) [back to overview]MRTpo
NCT01344629 (7) [back to overview]Cmax
NCT01344629 (7) [back to overview]AUC0-tz
NCT01344629 (7) [back to overview]λz
NCT01344629 (7) [back to overview]AUC0-∞
NCT01578772 (2) [back to overview]6-week Change in Maximum Relative Flow Mediated Dilatation (FMD) of the Brachial Artery With Telmisartan Therapy
NCT01578772 (2) [back to overview]6-week Change in Diameter and Flow Mediated Dilatation (FMD) of the Brachial Artery With Telmisartan Therapy
NCT01885559 (8) [back to overview]Cardiovascular Hospitalizations
NCT01885559 (8) [back to overview]Hospitalizations
NCT01885559 (8) [back to overview]Back or Flank Pain
NCT01885559 (8) [back to overview]Aldosterone
NCT01885559 (8) [back to overview]Albuminuria
NCT01885559 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With 50% Reduction of Baseline eGFR, End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD, Initiation of Dialysis or Preemptive Transplant), or Death.
NCT01885559 (8) [back to overview]Quality of Life Mental Component Summary
NCT01885559 (8) [back to overview]Quality of Life Physical Component Summary
NCT01911780 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Mean Seated SBP at Trough After 52 Weeks of the Extension Period.
NCT01911780 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Mean Seated DBP at Trough After 8 Weeks of the Double-blind Period.
NCT01911780 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Mean Seated SBP at Trough After 8 Weeks of the Double-blind Period.
NCT01911780 (6) [back to overview]The Percentage of Patients With DBP<90 mmHg and SBP<140 mmHg Blood Pressure at Trough After 8 Weeks of Double-blind Period.
NCT01911780 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Mean DBP Pressure at Trough After 52 Weeks of the Extension Period.
NCT01911780 (6) [back to overview]The Number of Patients With DBP<90 mmHg and SBP<140 mmHg Blood Pressure at Trough After 52 Weeks of Extension Period.
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in IL-7 From Baseline to Week 4
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in IL-7 From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Percent Collagen I Deposition on Lymph Node Pathology From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Percent Collagen I Deposition on Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue Pathology From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Percent Collagen VI Deposition on Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue Pathology From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Percent Fibronectin Deposition on Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue Pathology From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in sCD14 From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in sCD14 From Baseline to Week 4
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in sCD14 From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in sCD163 From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Expression of CD38+HLA-DR+ on CD4+ in Lymphoid Tissue From Baseline to Week 48.
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in sCD163 From Baseline to Week 4
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in sCD163 From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in TGF-β1 From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in TGF-β1 From Baseline to Week 4
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in TGF-β1 From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in TGF-β2 From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in TGF-β2 From Baseline to Week 4
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in TGF-β2 From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in TGF-β3 From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in TGF-β3 From Baseline to Week 4
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in TGF-β3 From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Waist Circumference From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Waist Circumference From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Waist-to-hip Ratio From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Waist-to-hip Ratio From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Percent Fibronectin Deposition on Lymph Node Pathology From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Adiponectin From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Adiponectin From Baseline to Week 4
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Adiponectin From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Circulating CD4+ T Cell Count From Baseline to Week 12
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Circulating CD4+ T Cell Count From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Circulating CD4+ T Cell Count From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Circulating CD8+ T Cell Count From Baseline to Week 12
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Circulating CD8+ T Cell Count From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Circulating CD8+ T Cell Count From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Collagen I C-terminal Pro-peptide (CICP) From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Collagen I C-terminal Pro-peptide (CICP) From Baseline to Week 4
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Collagen I C-terminal Pro-peptide (CICP) From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Expression of CD163+ in Adipose Tissue From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Expression of CD163+ in Lymphoid Tissue From Baseline to Week 48.
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Expression of CD38+HLA-DR+ on CD4+ From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Expression of CD38+HLA-DR+ on CD4+ From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Expression of CD38+HLA-DR+ on CD8+ From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Expression of CD38+HLA-DR+ on CD8+ From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Expression of CD38+HLA-DR+ on CD8+ in Lymphoid Tissue From Baseline to Week 48.
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Expression of CD4+ in Lymphoid Tissue From Baseline to Week 48.
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Expression of CD68+ in Lymphoid Tissue From Baseline to Week 48.
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Expression of CD8+ in Lymphoid Tissue From Baseline to Week 48.
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Glucose From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Fasting HDL Cholesterol From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Insulin From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Fasting LDL Cholesterol From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Total Cholesterol From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Triglycerides From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in HOMA-IR From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Hyaluronic Acid From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Hyaluronic Acid From Baseline to Week 4
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in Hyaluronic Acid From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in IL-6 From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in IL-6 From Baseline to Week 4
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in IL-6 From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01928927 (63) [back to overview]Change in IL-7 From Baseline to Week 24
NCT01975246 (3) [back to overview]The Proportion of Patients With DBP<90 mmHg and SBP<140 mmHg as Seated Blood Pressure at Trough After 8 Weeks of the Double-blind Period
NCT01975246 (3) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Mean Seated DBP at Trough After 8 Weeks of the Double-blind Period.
NCT01975246 (3) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Mean Seated SBP at Trough After 8 Weeks of the Double-blind Period.
NCT02079805 (7) [back to overview]Change in Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-R) From Baseline at the End of the Treatment Period (Week 12)
NCT02079805 (7) [back to overview]Change in Homeostasis Model Assessment of Beta Cell Function (HOMA-β) From Baseline at the End of the Treatment Period (Week 12)
NCT02079805 (7) [back to overview]Change in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) From Baseline at the End of the Treatment Period (Week 12)
NCT02079805 (7) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Insulin From Baseline at the End of the Treatment Period (Week 12)
NCT02079805 (7) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Blood Glucose From Baseline at the End of the Treatment Period (Week 12)
NCT02079805 (7) [back to overview]Change in 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) From Baseline at the End of the Treatment Period (Week 12)
NCT02079805 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events
NCT02183675 (7) [back to overview]Maximum Measured Concentration (Cmax) at Steady State for HCTZ
NCT02183675 (7) [back to overview]Maximum Measured Concentration (Cmax) at Steady State for Telmisartan
NCT02183675 (7) [back to overview]Maximum Measured Concentration (Cmax) at Steady State for Amlodipine
NCT02183675 (7) [back to overview]Area Under the Plasma Concentration Curve at Steady State for Telmisartan
NCT02183675 (7) [back to overview]Area Under the Plasma Concentration Curve at Steady State for HCTZ
NCT02183675 (7) [back to overview]Area Under the Plasma Concentration Curve at Steady State for Amlodipine
NCT02183675 (7) [back to overview]Amount of HCTZ Excreted in Urine at Steady State From 0 to 24 Hours
NCT02593110 (6) [back to overview]Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ) Stair-climbing Score
NCT02593110 (6) [back to overview]Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ) Speed Score
NCT02593110 (6) [back to overview]Maximal Treadmill Walking Distance
NCT02593110 (6) [back to overview]SF-36 Physical Functioning Score
NCT02593110 (6) [back to overview]Six-minute Walk Performance
NCT02593110 (6) [back to overview]Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ) Distance Score
NCT02734355 (13) [back to overview]Left Atrial Dimensions
NCT02734355 (13) [back to overview]Left Atrial Contractility
NCT02734355 (13) [back to overview]Exercise Tolerance
NCT02734355 (13) [back to overview]Diastolic Function
NCT02734355 (13) [back to overview]Active Emptying of Left Atrium
NCT02734355 (13) [back to overview]Pulmonary Circulation Pressure Load
NCT02734355 (13) [back to overview]Retrograde Flow in Pulmonary Veins
NCT02734355 (13) [back to overview]Quality of Life
NCT02734355 (13) [back to overview]Pulmonary Vein Flow Emptying
NCT02734355 (13) [back to overview]Isovolumic Relaxation
NCT02734355 (13) [back to overview]Passive Emptying of Left Atrium
NCT02734355 (13) [back to overview]Left Atrial Reservoir Function
NCT02734355 (13) [back to overview]Left Atrial Pressure Load
NCT03006341 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Abnormal Liver Function
NCT03006341 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Obesity
NCT03006341 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Hyperlipidemia
NCT03006341 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Diabetes
NCT03006341 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Uncontrolled Hypertension
NCT03006341 (17) [back to overview]EMR Characteristic: Serum Creatinine
NCT03006341 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Use of Antiplatelets or Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
NCT03006341 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Prior Transient Ischemic Attack
NCT03006341 (17) [back to overview]EMR Characteristic: Duration of Atrial Fibrillation
NCT03006341 (17) [back to overview]EMR Characteristic: History/Duration of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
NCT03006341 (17) [back to overview]EMR Characteristic: History/Duration of Hypertension
NCT03006341 (17) [back to overview]EMR Characteristic: Hypertension, Abnormal Liver/Renal Function, Stroke, Bleeding History or Predisposition, Labile International Normalized Ratio, Elderly, Drugs/Alcohol Usage (HAS-BLED) Score
NCT03006341 (17) [back to overview]EMR Characteristic: Renal Function - Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
NCT03006341 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Smoking
NCT03006341 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Abnormal Renal Function
NCT03006341 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Alcohol Consumption
NCT03006341 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Bleeding History or Predisposition
NCT03143166 (6) [back to overview]Maximum Concentration of Free Dabigatran in Plasma (Cmax).
NCT03143166 (6) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of Free Dabigatran in Plasma Over the Time Interval From 0 Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC0-∞).
NCT03143166 (6) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of Total Dabigatran in Plasma Over the Time Interval From 0 Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC0-∞).
NCT03143166 (6) [back to overview]Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From 0 to Time of Last Quantifiable Time Point (tz) of Free Dabigatran (AUC0-tz).
NCT03143166 (6) [back to overview]Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From 0 to Time of Last Quantifiable Time Point (tz) of Total Dabigatran (AUC0-tz).
NCT03143166 (6) [back to overview]Maximum Concentration of Total Dabigatran in Plasma (Cmax).
NCT03868839 (4) [back to overview]Changes in Blood Levels of Glutathione
NCT03868839 (4) [back to overview]Changes in Blood Levels of Interleukin-6
NCT03868839 (4) [back to overview]Changes in Blood Levels of High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein
NCT03868839 (4) [back to overview]Changes in Blood Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha
NCT04360551 (2) [back to overview]Number of Adverse Events
NCT04360551 (2) [back to overview]Maximum Clinical Severity of Disease Since Entry

Number of Patients With First Recurrent Stroke of Any Type, Fatal or Nonfatal (Telmisartan vs. Placebo Only)

(NCT00153062)
Timeframe: time since randomization; follow-up period is 1.5 to 4.4 years

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Telmisartan880
Placebo934

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Composite Outcome of Stroke, Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Vascular Death (Antiplatelet Comparison Only)

Number of patients with any of stroke, myocardial infarction, vascular death (NCT00153062)
Timeframe: time since randomization; follow-up period is 1.5 to 4.4 years

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Aspirin + Extended Release Dipyridamole1333
Clopidogrel1333

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Number of Patients With New Onset of Diabetes (Telmisartan vs. Placebo Only)

(NCT00153062)
Timeframe: Randomization to final patient contact

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Telmisartan125
Placebo151

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Composite Outcome of Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, Vascular Death, or New or Worsening Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) (Telmisartan vs. Placebo Only)

Number of patients with any of stroke, myocardial infarction, vascular death, or new or worsening congestive heart failure (NCT00153062)
Timeframe: time since randomization; follow-up period is 1.5 to 4.4 years

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Telmisartan1367
Placebo1463

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Number of Patients With First Recurrent Stroke of Any Type, Fatal or Nonfatal (Antiplatelet Comparison Only)

(NCT00153062)
Timeframe: time since randomization; follow-up period is 1.5 to 4.4 years

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Aspirin + Extended Release Dipyridamole916
Clopidogrel898

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ONTARGET. Cognitive Decline

The Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and combination with Ramipril global Endpoint trial (ONTARGET). Time to first event analysis of the endpoint cognitive decline i.e. Comparison of the Mini mental state Evaluation (MMSE) of patients at baseline with that at the 2years and end of trial. A decrease in MMSE from baseline represents a cognitive decline. This outcome measure is only available for those patients who had MMSE at baseline. (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan/Ramipril (ONTARGET)561
Telmisartan (ONTARGET)600
Ramipril (ONTARGET)577

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ONTARGET. Combined Endpoint of Doubling of Serum Creatinine, Progression to ESRD, New Microalbuminuria, or New Macroalbuminuria

ONTARGET. Nephropathy subcategory: Combined endpoint of doubling of serum creatinine, progression to ESRD, new microalbuminuria, or new macroalbuminuria (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan/Ramipril (ONTARGET)1067
Telmisartan (ONTARGET)1101
Ramipril (ONTARGET)1190

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ONTARGET. Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular Death, Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction and Non-fatal Stroke

The Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and combination with Ramipril global Endpoint trial (ONTARGET). Time to first event analysis of the following defined endpoints, non-fatal myocardial infarction or non-fatal stroke (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan/Ramipril (ONTARGET)1200
Telmisartan (ONTARGET)1190
Ramipril (ONTARGET)1210

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ONTARGET. Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular Death, Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction, Non-fatal Stroke and Hospitalization for Congestive Heart Failure

The Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and combination with Ramipril global Endpoint trial (ONTARGET). Time to first event analysis of the following defined endpoints, Cardiovascular Death, Non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke and hospitalization for congestive heart failure. (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan/Ramipril (ONTARGET)1386
Telmisartan (ONTARGET)1423
Ramipril (ONTARGET)1412

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ONTARGET. Doubling of Serum Creatinine

ONTARGET. Nephropathy subcategory: doubling of serum creatinine (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan/Ramipril (ONTARGET)167
Telmisartan (ONTARGET)160
Ramipril (ONTARGET)149

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ONTARGET. Doubling of Serum Creatinine in Diabetic Nephropathy Patients

Diabetic nephropathy patients are diabetic patients with macro-albuminuria assessed as a Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio (UACR) ≥300 mg/g Crea at baseline. (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan/Ramipril (ONTARGET)30
Telmisartan (ONTARGET)24
Ramipril (ONTARGET)23

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ONTARGET. Hospitalization for Congestive Heart Failure

The Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and combination with Ramipril global Endpoint trial (ONTARGET). Time to the first event analysis of the endpoint hospitalization for congestive heart failure. (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan/Ramipril (ONTARGET)332
Telmisartan (ONTARGET)394
Ramipril (ONTARGET)354

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ONTARGET. New Macroalbuminuria

ONTARGET. Nephropathy subcategory: New macroalbuminuria. New macroalbuminuria is defined as Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio ≥300 mg/g Crea in patients with a Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio <300 mg/g Crea at baseline. (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan/Ramipril (ONTARGET)205
Telmisartan (ONTARGET)229
Ramipril (ONTARGET)257

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ONTARGET. New Microalbuminuria

ONTARGET. Nephropathy subcategory: New microalbuminuria. New microalbuminuria is defined as Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio ≥30 mg/g Crea in patients with a Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio <30 mg/g Crea at baseline. (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan/Ramipril (ONTARGET)763
Telmisartan (ONTARGET)799
Ramipril (ONTARGET)869

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ONTARGET. New Onset of Atrial Fibrillation

The Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and combination with Ramipril global Endpoint trial (ONTARGET). Time to first event analysis of endpoint new onset of atrial fibrillation. (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan/Ramipril (ONTARGET)542
Telmisartan (ONTARGET)560
Ramipril (ONTARGET)586

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ONTARGET. Newly Diagnosed Congestive Heart Failure

The Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and combination with Ramipril global Endpoint trial (ONTARGET). Time to the first event analysis of the endpoint Newly diagnosed Congestive Heart failure. (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan/Ramipril (ONTARGET)469
Telmisartan (ONTARGET)529
Ramipril (ONTARGET)503

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ONTARGET. Newly Diagnosed Diabetes

The Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and combination with Ramipril global Endpoint trial (ONTARGET). Time to the first event analysis of the endpoint Newly diagnosed Diabetes. Only calculated for those patients without diabetes at baseline. (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan/Ramipril (ONTARGET)224
Telmisartan (ONTARGET)277
Ramipril (ONTARGET)249

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ONTARGET. Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction

The Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and combination with Ramipril global Endpoint trial (ONTARGET). Time to the first event analysis of the endpoint non-fatal myocardial infarction. (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan/Ramipril (ONTARGET)424
Telmisartan (ONTARGET)431
Ramipril (ONTARGET)400

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ONTARGET. Non-fatal Stroke

The Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and combination with Ramipril global Endpoint trial (ONTARGET). Time to first event analysis of the endpoint non-fatal stroke. (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan/Ramipril (ONTARGET)364
Telmisartan (ONTARGET)364
Ramipril (ONTARGET)402

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ONTARGET. Normalisation From Micro- or Macroalbuminuria to Normoalbuminuria

ONTARGET. Nephropathy subcategory: Normalisation from micro- or macroalbuminuria to normoalbuminuria. Normalisation from micro- or macroalbuminuria to normoalbuminuria is defined as UACR <30 mg/g Crea in patients with a UACR ≥30 mg/g Crea at baseline. (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan/Ramipril (ONTARGET)508
Telmisartan (ONTARGET)483
Ramipril (ONTARGET)448

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ONTARGET. Progression to ESRD

ONTARGET. Nephropathy subcategory: Progression to ESRD. Progression to ESRD is defined as initiation of dialysis, need for renal transplantation, or eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m². (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan/Ramipril (ONTARGET)79
Telmisartan (ONTARGET)67
Ramipril (ONTARGET)71

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TRANSCEND. Cardiovascular Death

Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in Angiotension Converting Enzyme inhibitor intolerant subjects with cardiovascular disease (TRANSCEND). Time to the first event analysis of the endpoint cardiovascular death. (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan (TRANSCEND)227
Placebo (TRANSCEND)223

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TRANSCEND. Cardiovascular Revascularization Procedure

Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in Angiotension Converting Enzyme inhibitor intolerant subjects with cardiovascular disease (TRANSCEND). (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan (TRANSCEND)351
Placebo (TRANSCEND)390

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TRANSCEND. Cognitive Decline

Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in Angiotension Converting Enzyme inhibitor intolerant subjects with cardiovascular disease (TRANSCEND). Time to first event analysis of the endpoint cognitive decline i.e. Comparison of the Mini mental state Evaluation (MMSE) of patients at baseline with that at the 2years and end of trial. A decrease in MMSE from baseline represents a cognitive decline. This outcome measure is only available for those patients who had MMSE at baseline. (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan (TRANSCEND)230
Placebo (TRANSCEND)192

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TRANSCEND. Combined Endpoint of Doubling Serum Creatinine, Progression to ESRD, New Microalbuminuria or New Macroalbuminuria

TRANSCEND. Nephropathy subcategory: Combined endpoint of doubling serum creatinine, progression to ESRD, new microalbuminuria or new macroalbuminuria (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan (TRANSCEND)357
Placebo (TRANSCEND)448

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TRANSCEND. Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular Death, Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction and Non-fatal Stroke

Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in Angiotension Converting Enzyme inhibitor intolerant subjects with cardiovascular disease (TRANSCEND). Time to first event analysis of the following defined endpoints, Cardiovascular Death, Non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke and hospitalization for congestive heart failure. (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan (TRANSCEND)384
Placebo (TRANSCEND)440

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TRANSCEND. Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular Death, Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction, Non-fatal Stroke and Hospitalization for Congestive Heart Failure

Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in Angiotension Converting Enzyme inhibitor intolerant subjects with cardiovascular disease (TRANSCEND). Time to first event analysis of the following defined endpoints, Cardiovascular Death, Non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke and hospitalization for congestive heart failure. (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan (TRANSCEND)465
Placebo (TRANSCEND)504

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TRANSCEND. Doubling of Serum Creatinine

TRANSCEND. Nephropathy subcategory: doubling of serum creatinine (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan (TRANSCEND)62
Placebo (TRANSCEND)40

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TRANSCEND. Hospitalization for Congestive Heart Failure

Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in Angiotension Converting Enzyme inhibitor intolerant subjects with cardiovascular disease (TRANSCEND). (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan (TRANSCEND)134
Placebo (TRANSCEND)129

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TRANSCEND. New Macroalbuminuria

TRANSCEND. Nephropathy subcategory: New macroalbuminuria. New macroalbuminuria is defined as UACR ≥300 mg/g creatinine [Crea] in patients with a UACR <300 mg/g Crea at baseline (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan (TRANSCEND)66
Placebo (TRANSCEND)101

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TRANSCEND. New Microalbuminuria

TRANSCEND. Nephropathy subcategory: New microalbuminuria. New microalbuminuria is defined as UACR ≥30 mg/g creatinine [Crea] in patients with a UACR <30 mg/g Crea at baseline (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan (TRANSCEND)276
Placebo (TRANSCEND)363

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TRANSCEND. New Onset of Atrial Fibrillation

Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in Angiotension Converting Enzyme inhibitor intolerant subjects with cardiovascular disease (TRANSCEND). (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan (TRANSCEND)181
Placebo (TRANSCEND)182

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ONTARGET. All-cause Mortality in Diabetic Nephropathy Patients

Diabetic nephropathy patients are diabetic patients with macro-albuminuria assessed as a Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio (UACR) ≥300 mg/g Crea at baseline. (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan/Ramipril (ONTARGET)75
Telmisartan (ONTARGET)92
Ramipril (ONTARGET)83

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TRANSCEND. Newly Diagnosed Diabetes

Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in Angiotension Converting Enzyme inhibitor intolerant subjects with cardiovascular disease (TRANSCEND). Time to the first event analysis of the endpoint Newly diagnosed Diabetes. Only calculated for those patients without diabetes at baseline. (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan (TRANSCEND)124
Placebo (TRANSCEND)165

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TRANSCEND. Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction

Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in Angiotension Converting Enzyme inhibitor intolerant subjects with cardiovascular disease (TRANSCEND). Time to the first event analysis of the endpoint non-fatal myocardial infarction. (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan (TRANSCEND)114
Placebo (TRANSCEND)145

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TRANSCEND. Non-fatal Stroke

Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in Angiotension Converting Enzyme inhibitor intolerant subjects with cardiovascular disease (TRANSCEND). (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan (TRANSCEND)112
Placebo (TRANSCEND)136

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TRANSCEND. Normalisation From Micro- or Macroalbuminuria to Normoalbuminuria

TRANSCEND. Nephropathy subcategory: Normalisation from micro- or macroalbuminuria to normoalbuminuria. Normalisation from micro- or macroalbuminuria to normoalbuminuria is defined as UACR <30 mg/g Crea in patients with a UACR ≥30 mg/g Crea at baseline. (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan (TRANSCEND)135
Placebo (TRANSCEND)110

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TRANSCEND. Newly Diagnosed Congestive Heart Failure

Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in Angiotension Converting Enzyme inhibitor intolerant subjects with cardiovascular disease (TRANSCEND). (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan (TRANSCEND)187
Placebo (TRANSCEND)191

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ONTARGET. Progression to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in Diabetic Nephropathy Patients

ESRD is defined by initiation of dialysis, need for renal transplantation, or eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m². Diabetic nephropathy patients are diabetic patients with macro-albuminuria assessed as a Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio (UACR) ≥300 mg/g Crea at baseline. (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan/Ramipril (ONTARGET)30
Telmisartan (ONTARGET)24
Ramipril (ONTARGET)32

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ONTARGET. Cardiovascular Death

The Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and combination with Ramipril global Endpoint trial (ONTARGET). Time to the first event analysis of the endpoint cardiovascular death. (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan/Ramipril (ONTARGET)620
Telmisartan (ONTARGET)598
Ramipril (ONTARGET)603

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ONTARGET. Cardiovascular Revascularization Procedure

The Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and combination with Ramipril global Endpoint trial (ONTARGET). (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan/Ramipril (ONTARGET)1303
Telmisartan (ONTARGET)1290
Ramipril (ONTARGET)1269

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ONTARGET. 3-fold Composite Endpoint of Doubling of Serum Creatinine, Progression to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and All-cause Mortality in Diabetic Nephropathy Patients

"ESRD is defined by initiation of dialysis, need for renal transplantation, or eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m². Diabetic nephropathy patients are diabetic patients with macro-albuminuria assessed as a Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio (UACR) ≥300 mg/g Crea at baseline.~These renal outcomes were not adjudicated (apart from death)." (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan/Ramipril (ONTARGET)108
Telmisartan (ONTARGET)119
Ramipril (ONTARGET)112

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TRANSCEND. Progression to ESRD

TRANSCEND. Nephropathy subcategory: Progression to ESRD. Progression to ESRD is defined as initiation of dialysis, need for renal transplantation, or eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73m² (NCT00153101)
Timeframe: 56 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan (TRANSCEND)11
Placebo (TRANSCEND)14

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Change From Baseline in ABPM 24-hour Mean SBP

Observed results - key combination therapies (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: End-of-study (up to 8 weeks) visit (LOCF)

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)-17.3
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)-20.5
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)-19.5
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)-22.4

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Change From Baseline in ABPM 24-hour Mean DBP

Observed results for mod-sev patients - key combination therapies (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Up to 8 weeks (LOCF)

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)-11
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)-13.6
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)-13.6
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)-15.3

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Change From Baseline in ABPM 24-hour Mean DBP

Observed results - key combination therapies (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: End-of-study (up to 8 weeks) visit (LOCF)

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)-11
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)-13.2
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)-12.8
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)-14.6

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Change From Baseline at 8 Weeks in Standing Trough Cuff Mean SBP

Results stem from an ANCOVA including the main effects of treatment with telmisartan, treatment with amlodipine, and country/region with baseline SBP included as a covariate. (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Baseline to end-of-study (up to 8 weeks) visit (LOCF)

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (Pl)-0.5
Telmisartan 20 mg (T20)-13.2
Telmisartan 40 mg (T40)-13.2
Telmisartan 80 mg (T80)-12.9
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T20+A2.5)-17.4
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T20+A5)-18.9
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T20+A10)-22.3
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T40+A2.5)-20.3
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)-20
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)-22.8
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T80+A2.5)-17.4
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)-21.2
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)-24.9
Amlodipine 2.5 mg (A2.5)-9.1
Amlodipine 5 mg (A5)-14.7
Amlodipine 10 mg (A10)-19.1

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Change From Baseline at 8 Weeks in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Adjusted Treatment Effects, Excluding Pl)

Results stem from an ANCOVA including the main effects of treatment with telmisartan, treatment with amlodipine, and country/region with baseline DBP included as a covariate. (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Baseline to end-of-study (up to 8 weeks) visit (LOCF)

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Telmisartan 20 mg (T20)-13.8
Telmisartan 40 mg (T40)-13.4
Telmisartan 80 mg (T80)-14
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T20+A2.5)-18.3
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T20+A5)-15.9
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T20+A10)-19.3
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T40+A2.5)-16.9
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)-16.5
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)-20.2
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T80+A2.5)-15.7
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)-18.2
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)-20.1
Amlodipine 2.5 mg (A2.5)-10.6
Amlodipine 5 mg (A5)-13.4
Amlodipine 10 mg (A10)-17.1

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BP Control

Percentage of responders (SBP<140 mmHg and DBP<90 mmHg) for all patients - key combination therapies (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: End-of-study (up to 8 weeks) visit (LOCF)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)58.9
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)75.6
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)65.7
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)76.5

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BP Control

Responders SBP<10 mmHg and DBP<90 mmHg) for mod-sev patients - key combination therapies (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Up to 8 weeks (LOCF)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)53.7
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)70.8
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)58.5
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)77

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Change From Baseline at 8 Weeks in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Adjusted Amlodipine Effects)

Results stem from an ANCOVA including the main effects of treatment with telmisartan, treatment with amlodipine, and country/region with baseline DBP included as a covariate. (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Baseline to end-of-study (up to 8 weeks) visit (LOCF)

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (Pl)-12.2
Amlodipine 2.5 mg (A2.5)-15.3
Amlodipine 5 mg (A5)-16.2
Amlodipine 10 mg (A10)-19.3

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Change From Baseline at 8 Weeks in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Adjusted Telmisartan Effects)

Results stem from an ANCOVA including the main effects of treatment with telmisartan, treatment with amlodipine, and country/region with baseline DBP included as a covariate. (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Baseline to end-of-study (up to 8 weeks) visit (LOCF)

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Telmisartan 0 mg (T0)-12.5
Telmisartan 20 mg (T20)-16.8
Telmisartan 40 mg (T40)-16.6
Telmisartan 80 mg (T80)-17.2

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Change From Baseline at 8 Weeks in Standing Trough Cuff Mean DBP

Results stem from an ANCOVA including the main effects of treatment with telmisartan, treatment with amlodipine, and country/region with baseline DBP included as a covariate. (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Baseline to end-of-study (up to 8 weeks) visit (LOCF)

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (Pl)-4.9
Telmisartan 20 mg (T20)-10.4
Telmisartan 40 mg (T40)-10
Telmisartan 80 mg (T80)-11.1
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T20+A2.5)-14.9
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T20+A5)-13.1
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T20+A10)-16.9
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T40+A2.5)-15.8
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)-13.6
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)-18.4
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T80+A2.5)-13.4
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)-16.2
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)-19
Amlodipine 2.5 mg (A2.5)-8.1
Amlodipine 5 mg (A5)-11.3
Amlodipine 10 mg (A10)-14.6

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Change From Baseline at 8 Weeks in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Adjusted Treatment Effects)

Results stem from an ANCOVA including the main effects of treatment with telmisartan, treatment with amlodipine, and country/region with baseline DBP included as a covariate. (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Baseline to end-of-study (up to 8 weeks) visit (LOCF)

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (Pl)-6.2
Telmisartan 20 mg (T20)-13.8
Telmisartan 40 mg (T40)-13.4
Telmisartan 80 mg (T80)-14
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T20+A2.5)-18.3
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T20+A5)-15.9
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T20+A10)-19.3
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T40+A2.5)-16.9
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)-16.5
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)-20.2
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T80+A2.5)-15.7
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)-18.2
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)-20.1
Amlodipine 2.5 mg (A2.5)-10.6
Amlodipine 5 mg (A5)-13.4
Amlodipine 10 mg (A10)-17.11

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Change From Baseline at 8 Weeks in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Observed Amlodipine Effects)

Observed results (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Baseline to end-of-study (up to 8 weeks) visit (LOCF)

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Placebo (Pl)-12.3
Amlodipine 2.5 mg (A2.5)-14.9
Amlodipine 5 mg (A5)-15.6
Amlodipine 10 mg (A10)-18.6

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Change From Baseline at 8 Weeks in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Observed Treatment Effects)

Observed results (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: End-of-study visit (LOCF)

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Placebo (Pl)-5.9
Telmisartan 20 mg (T20)-13.2
Telmisartan 40 mg (T40)-13.1
Telmisartan 80 mg (T80)-13.6
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T20+A2.5)-18
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T20+A5)-15.7
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T20+A10)-18.7
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T40+A2.5)-16.2
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)-16
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)-19.6
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T80+A2.5)-15.3
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)-17.8
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)-19.6
Amlodipine 2.5 mg (A2.5)-10.4
Amlodipine 5 mg (A5)-13
Amlodipine 10 mg (A10)-16.5

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Change From Baseline at 8 Weeks in Seated Trough Cuff Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) (Observed Telmisartan Effect)

Observed results (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Baseline to end-of-study (up to 8 weeks) visit (Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF))

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan 0 mg (T0)-13
Telmisartan 20 mg (T20)-16.4
Telmisartan 40 mg (T40)-16.2
Telmisartan 80 mg (T80)-16.9

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Clinical Relevant Abnormalities for Laboratory Parameters and Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Clinical relevant abnormalities for laboratory parameters and Electrocardiogram (ECG). New abnormal findings or worsening of baseline conditions were reported as Adverse Events related to treatment (cardiac disorders and investigations). (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

,,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Alanine aminotransferase increasedAspartate aminotransferase increasedBlood potassium increasedElectrocardiogram QT shortenedElectrocardiogram T wave abnormalElectrocardiogram repolarisation abnormalityHeart rate irregularQRS axis abnormalAtrioventricular block first degreeLeft atrial dilatationMyocardial ischaemiaPalpitationSinus bradycardia
Amlodipine Monotherapy0.00.00.00.30.30.00.30.30.00.00.00.60.0
Combination Therapy0.10.10.00.00.10.10.00.00.30.10.00.10.1
Placebo (Pl)0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
Telmisartan Monotherapy0.30.30.30.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.10.00.0

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Change From Baseline in Seated Trough Cuff DBP

Observed results for mod-sev patients - key combination therapies (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Nominal week over the trial

,,,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Week 2Week 4 (N=102, 90, 102, 96)Week 6 (N=102, 92, 98, 96)Week 8 (N=102, 87, 99, 88)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)-14.7-18.2-19.7-19.4
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)-14.7-16.5-17.9-17.1
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)-14.9-19.2-19.5-21.1
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)-16.1-17.8-18.9-19.3

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Change From Baseline in ABPM Hourly Mean (Relative to Dosing) SBP

Observed results - key combination therapies (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: End-of-study (up to 8 weeks) visit (LOCF)

,,,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Hour 1Hour 2Hour 3Hour 4Hour 5Hour 6Hour 7Hour 8Hour 9Hour 10Hour 11Hour 12Hour 13Hour 14Hour 15Hour 16Hour 17Hour 18Hour 19Hour 20Hour 21Hour 22Hour 23Hour 24
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)-20.2-22.0-17.9-24.4-21.1-22.6-24.3-24.1-24.9-22.9-20.9-20.3-21.7-21.6-19.4-17.7-17.9-17.4-19.7-18.0-17.8-15.7-18.9-20.7
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)-18.7-13.1-15.3-18.0-19.3-14.1-17.8-18.8-20.3-20.0-18.7-18.4-18.5-16.7-15.7-17.0-17.3-17.5-16.5-17.8-17.5-16.2-14.4-15.8
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)-17.5-21.9-22.4-23.8-24.0-24.6-22.4-21.8-25.6-26.8-24.9-25.0-24.7-20.2-18.9-19.8-19.1-19.6-20.9-24.4-22.7-23.8-22.4-19.9
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)-19.1-20.5-21.1-22.5-25.3-21.6-19.9-20.3-22.0-22.5-23.2-19.7-22.7-21.7-19.0-18.0-14.7-15.1-16.9-16.5-15.7-15.5-16.5-18.5

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Change From Baseline in ABPM Hourly Mean (Relative to Dosing) DBP

Observed results for mod-sev patients - key combination therapies (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Up to 8 weeks (LOCF)

,,,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Hour 1Hour 2Hour 3Hour 4Hour 5Hour 6Hour 7Hour 8Hour 9Hour 10Hour 11Hour 12Hour 13Hour 14Hour 15Hour 16Hour 17Hour 18Hour 19Hour 20Hour 21Hour 22Hour 23Hour 24
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)-16.9-16.3-13.8-16.3-15.3-15.3-15.3-19.4-16.6-14.6-14.8-13.9-14.9-14.5-10.5-10.3-9.8-9.9-11.6-10.9-8.6-10-14-13.6
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)-11-8.8-11.2-10.7-12.8-10.5-13.8-13.3-14-10.7-11.4-12.4-9.7-8.5-10.5-10.9-10.1-11.8-9-10-10.5-10.9-10-9.7
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)-13.7-15.9-16.1-16.8-16.6-16.3-17.5-17.8-18.1-20.8-17.9-16.6-15.9-12-10-13.7-12.3-12.8-12.5-15.7-15.1-15.2-14.3-14.4
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)-13.8-13.9-16.4-15.9-17.2-15.2-12.9-13.5-15.8-17-16.8-14.3-14.1-15.1-13.8-12.8-11.5-10.6-12.2-13.3-8.4-10.2-10-13.2

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Change From Baseline in ABPM Hourly Mean (Relative to Dosing) DBP

Observed results - key combination therapies (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: End-of-study (up to 8 weeks) visit (LOCF)

,,,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Hour 1Hour 2Hour 3Hour 4Hour 5Hour 6Hour 7Hour 8Hour 9Hour 10Hour 11Hour 12Hour 13Hour 14Hour 15Hour 16Hour 17Hour 18Hour 19Hour 20Hour 21Hour 22Hour 23Hour 24
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)-15.4-15-14.1-16.5-14.1-14.5-15.6-17.4-15.7-13.8-14.4-13.3-14.7-14.8-11.5-10.3-10.4-9.9-10.5-9.9-8.9-9.8-13.3-12.6
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)-10.7-9.8-11.2-11.3-13.1-10.9-12.8-12.1-13.1-11.8-11.2-12-10.3-8.9-10.3-10.1-9.8-11.9-9.1-11-10.4-11.1-9.8-11.1
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)-13.4-14.6-15.4-15.8-15.7-16.4-15.7-17.1-17.2-18.5-16.1-15.7-15.1-11-10-12.2-11.5-12.2-13.2-15.9-14.8-15.4-14.6-13.1
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)-12.7-13.4-14.8-15.6-16.3-14.6-12.9-12.7-14.3-14.7-15.1-12.5-14.1-13.4-11.9-11.3-11.2-10.3-11.9-12.6-8.5-9.7-9.9-12

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Change From Baseline at 2,4,6,and 8 Weeks in Seated Trough Cuff DBP

Observed results for key combination therapies (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Baseline to nominal week over the trial

,,,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Week 2Week 4 (N=133, 115, 135, 129)Week 6 (N=134, 118, 131, 124)Week 8 (N=133, 112, 132, 121)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)-14.4-18.1-19.0-19.5
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)-14.5-16.0-17.1-16.3
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)-14.6-18.8-20.0-20.0
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)-15.3-17.2-18.0-18.3

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BP Normality

"No: Mean seated SBP >=140 and/or mean seated DBP >=90 mmHg at trough High normal: mean seated SBP >=130 and <140 mmHg and mean seated DBP >=85 and <90 mmHg at trough Normal: mean seated SBP >=120 and <130 mmHg and mean seated DBP >=80 and <85 mmHg at trough Optimal: mean seated SBP < 120 mmHg and mean seated DBP <80 mmHg at trough~- key combination therapies" (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Up to 8 weeks (LOCF)

,,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
No (SBP>=140 and/or DBP>=90)High Normal (140>SBP>=130 and 90>DBP>=85)Normal (130>SBP>=120 and 85>DBP>=80)Optimal (SBP<120 and DBP<80)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)29.229.230.211.5
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)46.325.918.59.3
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)2327419
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)41.526.421.710.4

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BP Normality

"No: Mean seated SBP >=140 and/or mean seated DBP >=90 mmHg at trough High normal: mean seated SBP >=130 and <140 mmHg and mean seated DBP >=85 and <90 mmHg at trough Normal: mean seated SBP >=120 and <130 mmHg and mean seated DBP >=80 and <85 mmHg at trough Optimal: mean seated SBP < 120 mmHg and mean seated DBP <80 mmHg at trough~- key combination therapies" (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: End-of-study (up to 8 weeks) visit (LOCF)

,,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
No (SBP>=140 and/or DBP>=90)High Normal (140>SBP>=130 and 90>DBP>=85)Normal (130>SBP>=120 and 85>DBP>=80)Optimal (SBP<120 and DBP<80)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)24.430.132.513
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)41.128.421.39.2
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)23.522.139.714.7
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)34.330.125.99.8

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SBP Response

SBP Response is defined as SBP < 140 mmHg or a reduction of SBP of >= 10 mmHg - key combination therapies (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Up to 8 weeks (LOCF)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)88.9
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)96.9
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)84.9
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)95

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SBP Response

SBP Response is defined as SBP < 140 mmHg or a reduction of SBP of >= 10 mmHg - key combination therapies (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: End-of-study (up to 8 weeks) visit (LOCF)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)91.5
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)96.7
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)87.4
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)94.9

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Orthostatic Change in Trough Cuff Mean SBP

Calculated as seated minus standing for mod-sev patients - key combination therapies (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Week 8

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)0
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)1.4
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)0.1
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)1.1

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Orthostatic Change in Trough Cuff Mean SBP

Calculated as seated minus standing for all patients - key combination therapies (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Week 8

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)0
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)0.6
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)0.9
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)0.8

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Change From Baseline at 8 Weeks in Seated Trough Cuff Mean Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)

Results stem from an ANCOVA including the main effects of treatment with telmisartan, treatment with amlodipine, and country/region with baseline SBP included as a covariate. (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Baseline to end-of-study (up to 8 weeks) visit (LOCF)

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (Pl)-2.5
Telmisartan 20 mg (T20)-15.1
Telmisartan 40 mg (T40)-14.6
Telmisartan 80 mg (T80)-14.3
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T20+A2.5)-18.8
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T20+A5)-21
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T20+A10)-24.4
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T40+A2.5)-21.9
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)-21.8
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)-24.7
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T80+A2.5)-17.4
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)-22.1
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)-26.4
Amlodipine 2.5 mg (A2.5)-11.4
Amlodipine 5 mg (A5)-15.4
Amlodipine 10 mg (A10)-20.7

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Orthostatic Change in Trough Cuff Mean DBP

Calculated as seated minus standing for mod-sev patients - key combination therapies (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Week 8

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)2.5
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)2
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)1.4
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)1.6

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Orthostatic Change in Trough Cuff Mean DBP

Calculated as seated minus standing for all patients - key combination therapies (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Week 8

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)2.2
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)1.7
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)2
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)1.1

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DBP Response

DBP response is defined as DBP < 90 mmHg or a reduction of DBP of >= 10 mmHg - key combination therapies (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Up to 8 weeks (LOCF)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)81.5
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)89.6
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)87.7
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)93

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DBP Response

DBP response is defined as DBP < 90 mmHg or a reduction of DBP of >= 10 mmHg - key combination therapies (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: End-of-study (up to 8 weeks) visit (LOCF)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)80.9
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)91.9
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)88.8
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)91.2

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DBP Control

DBP control is defined as DBP < 90 mmHg - key combination therapies (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Up to 8 weeks (LOCF)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)69.4
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)77.1
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)68.9
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)85

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DBP Control

DBP control is defined as DBP < 90 mmHg - key combination therapies (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: End-of-study (up to 8 weeks) visit (LOCF)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)71.6
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)82.1
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)74.8
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)85.3

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Change From Baseline in Standing Trough Cuff Mean SBP

Results stem from an ANCOVA including the main effects of treatment with telmisartan, treatment with amlodipine, and country/region with baseline SBP included as a covariate. (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Up to 8 weeks (LOCF)

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (Pl)1
Telmisartan 20 mg (T20)-13.7
Telmisartan 40 mg (T40)-13.6
Telmisartan 80 mg (T80)-14
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T20+A2.5)-16.2
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T20+A5)-19.4
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T20+A10)-23.2
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T40+A2.5)-21.8
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)-20.4
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)-22.8
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T80+A2.5)-16.3
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)-21.9
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)-24.3
Amlodipine 2.5 mg (A2.5)-10.1
Amlodipine 5 mg (A5)-13.2
Amlodipine 10 mg (A10)-19.3

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Change From Baseline in Standing Trough Cuff Mean DBP

Results stem from an ANCOVA including the main effects of treatment with telmisartan, treatment with amlodipine, and country/region with baseline DBP included as a covariate. (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Up to 8 weeks (LOCF)

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (Pl)-4.2
Telmisartan 20 mg (T20)-11.7
Telmisartan 40 mg (T40)-10.9
Telmisartan 80 mg (T80)-11.3
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T20+A2.5)-15.1
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T20+A5)-13.3
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T20+A10)-17.6
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T40+A2.5)-17.5
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)-14.2
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)-18
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T80+A2.5)-14.5
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)-17.3
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)-19.2
Amlodipine 2.5 mg (A2.5)-8
Amlodipine 5 mg (A5)-11
Amlodipine 10 mg (A10)-15.5

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Change From Baseline in Seated Trough Pulse Rate

Observed results for mod-sev patients - key combination therapies (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Up to 8 weeks (LOCF)

Interventionbpm (Mean)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)0.5
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)0
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)2.5
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)-1.9

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Change From Baseline in Seated Trough Pulse Rate

Observed results for all patients - key combination therapies (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: End-of-study visit (LOCF)

Interventionbpm (Mean)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)0
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)0
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)2.4
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)-1.5

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Change From Baseline in Seated Trough Cuff Mean SBP

Results stem from an ANCOVA including the main effects of treatment with telmisartan, treatment with amlodipine, and country/region with baseline SBP included as a covariate. (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Up to 8 weeks (LOCF)

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (Pl)-1.9
Telmisartan 20 mg (T20)-15.6
Telmisartan 40 mg (T40)-15.4
Telmisartan 80 mg (T80)-15.4
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T20+A2.5)-19
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T20+A5)-22.1
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T20+A10)-25.2
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T40+A2.5)-23.2
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)-22.2
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)-25.3
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T80+A2.5)-17.4
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)-22.5
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)-26.5
Amlodipine 2.5 mg (A2.5)-12.4
Amlodipine 5 mg (A5)-14.8
Amlodipine 10 mg (A10)-21

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Change From Baseline in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Observed Treatment Effects)

Observed results (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Up to 8 weeks (LOCF)

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Placebo (Pl)-5.5
Telmisartan 20 mg (T20)-13.9
Telmisartan 40 mg (T40)-13.8
Telmisartan 80 mg (T80)-13.9
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T20+A2.5)-18.4
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T20+A5)-15.8
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T20+A10)-19.5
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T40+A2.5)-18.7
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)-16.8
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)-19.6
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T80+A2.5)-16.3
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)-18.8
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)-20.4
Amlodipine 2.5 mg (A2.5)-11.4
Amlodipine 5 mg (A5)-13.1
Amlodipine 10 mg (A10)-17.1

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Change From Baseline in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Observed Telmisartan Effect)

Observed results (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Baseline to end-of-study (up to 8 weeks) visit (LOCF)

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan 0 mg (T0)-13.1
Telmisartan 20 mg (T20)-16.8
Telmisartan 40 mg (T40)-16.9
Telmisartan 80 mg (T80)-17.7

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Change From Baseline in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Observed Amlodipine Effects)

Observed results (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Up to 8 weeks (LOCF)

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Amlodipine 0 mg (A0) - Overall-12.7
Amlodipine 2.5 mg (A2.5) - Overall-16
Amlodipine 5 mg (A5) - Overall-16.3
Amlodipine 10 mg (A10) - Overall-19.2

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Change From Baseline in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Adjusted Treatment Effects)

Results stem from an ANCOVA including the main effects of treatment with telmisartan, treatment with amlodipine, and country/region with baseline DBP included as a covariate. (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Up to 8 weeks (LOCF)

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (Pl)-5.8
Telmisartan 20 mg (T20)-14.4
Telmisartan 40 mg (T40)-14.2
Telmisartan 80 mg (T80)-14.1
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T20+A2.5)-18.9
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T20+A5)-15.9
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T20+A10)-19.7
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T40+A2.5)-18.8
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)-17.2
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)-20.1
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T80+A2.5)-16.6
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)-19.1
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)-21
Amlodipine 2.5 mg (A2.5)-11.7
Amlodipine 5 mg (A5)-13.3
Amlodipine 10 mg (A10)-17.6

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Change From Baseline in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Adjusted Treatment Effects, Excluding Pl)

Results stem from an ANCOVA including the main effects of treatment with telmisartan, treatment with amlodipine, and country/region with baseline DBP included as a covariate. (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Up to 8 weeks (LOCF)

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Telmisartan 20 mg (T20)-14.5
Telmisartan 40 mg (T40)-14.2
Telmisartan 80 mg (T80)-14.1
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T20+A2.5)-18.9
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T20+A5)-15.9
Telmisartan 20 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T20+A10)-19.7
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T40+A2.5)-18.8
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)-17.2
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)-20.1
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 2.5 mg (T80+A2.5)-16.6
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)-19.1
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)-21
Amlodipine 2.5 mg (A2.5)-11.7
Amlodipine 5 mg (A5)-13.3
Amlodipine 10 mg (A10)-17.6

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Change From Baseline in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Adjusted Telmisartan Effects)

Results stem from an ANCOVA including the main effects of treatment with telmisartan, treatment with amlodipine, and country/region with baseline DBP included as a covariate. (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Baseline to end-of-study (up to 8 weeks) visit (LOCF)

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (Pl)-12.7
Amlodipine 2.5 mg (A2.5)-17.3
Amlodipine 5 mg (A5)-17.3
Amlodipine 10 mg (A10)-18

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Change From Baseline in Seated Trough Cuff Mean DBP (Adjusted Amlodipine Effects)

Results stem from an ANCOVA including the main effects of treatment with telmisartan, treatment with amlodipine, and country/region with baseline DBP included as a covariate. (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Up to 8 weeks (LOCF)

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Amlodipine 0 mg (A0) - Overall-12.5
Amlodipine 2.5 mg (A2.5) - Overall-16.4
Amlodipine 5 mg (A5) - Overall-16.7
Amlodipine 10 mg (A10) - Overall-19.7

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Change From Baseline in ABPM 24-hour Mean SBP

Observed results for mod-sev patients - key combination therapies (NCT00281580)
Timeframe: Up to 8 weeks (LOCF)

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T40+A5)-16.7
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T40+A10)-20.8
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg (T80+A5)-20.9
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 10 mg (T80+A10)-22.7

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Quality of Life Physical Component Summary

Short Form-36 Quality of Life Physical Component Summary ranges from 0 (worst possible outcome) to 100 (best possible outcome) (NCT00283686)
Timeframe: baseline, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96 months (assessed annually)

Interventionannual change in units on a scale (Mean)
ACE-I + ARB-0.24
ACE-I Alone-.23
Low Blood Pressure Group-0.17
Standard Blood Pressure Group-0.30

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Study A: Percent Annual Change in Total Kidney Volume

Annual percentage change in total kidney volume as assessed by abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline, 2 years, 4 years, and 5 years follow-up. (NCT00283686)
Timeframe: Baseline and 2-, 4- and 5-year follow-up

Interventionpercentage of Total Kidney Volume (Mean)
ACE-I + ARB6.0
ACE-I Alone6.2
Low Blood Pressure Group5.6
Standard Blood Pressure Group6.6

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Renal Blood Flow

renal blood flow (mL/min/1.73 m^2) from MRI, centrally reviewed and measured. This outcome was more difficult to measure resulting in more missing data than other MRI outcomes such as total kidney volume (TKV) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). (NCT00283686)
Timeframe: 0, 24 months, 48 months, 60 months

Interventionannual change in mL/min/1.73 m^2 (Mean)
ACE-I + ARB-6.6
ACE-I Alone-9.5
Low Blood Pressure Group-7.6
Standard Blood Pressure Group-8.5

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Quality of Life Mental Component Summary

Short Form-36 Quality of LIfe Mental Component Summary ranges from 0 (worst possible outcome) to 100 (best possible outcome) (NCT00283686)
Timeframe: baseline, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96 months (assessed annually)

Interventionannual change in units on a scale (Mean)
ACE-I + ARB0.19
ACE-I Alone-0.06
Low Blood Pressure Group-0.05
Standard Blood Pressure Group0.18

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Aldosterone

Urinary aldosterone excretion, centrally processed, 24 hour urine collection (NCT00283686)
Timeframe: Up to 96 months (assessed annually)

Interventionannual % change micrograms per 24 hr (Mean)
ACE-I + ARB-8.5
ACE-I Alone-7.3
Low Blood Pressure Group-8.5
Standard Blood Pressure Group-7.3

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Albuminuria

Urine albumin excretion, centrally processed from 24 hour urine collection (NCT00283686)
Timeframe: Up to 96 months (assessed annually)

Interventionannual percent change in mg/24 hr (Mean)
ACE-I + ARB-1.1
ACE-I Alone-0.4
Low Blood Pressure Group-3.8
Standard Blood Pressure Group2.4

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Kidney Function (eGFR)

The estimated GFR was calculated by means of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation with the use of central serum creatinine measurements. (NCT00283686)
Timeframe: Up to 96 months (6 month assessments)

Interventionml/min/1.73/m2/yr (Mean)
ACE-I + ARB-3.0
ACE-I Alone-2.9
Low Blood Pressure Group-2.9
Standard Blood Pressure Group-3.0

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Left Ventricular Mass Index

Left ventricular mass index (g/m^2) measured by MRI, centrally reviewed and measured (NCT00283686)
Timeframe: 0, 24 months, 48 months, 60 months

Interventionannual change in g/m^2 (Mean)
ACE-I + ARB-0.91
ACE-I Alone-0.83
Low Blood Pressure Group-1.17
Standard Blood Pressure Group-0.57

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All-Cause Hospitalizations

(NCT00283686)
Timeframe: Up to 96 months

Interventionevents (Number)
ACE-I + ARB85
ACE-I Alone128
Low Blood Pressure Group93
Standard Blood Pressure Group120

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Decrease in Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure From Baseline to 8 Weeks

The mean of the change value was least square mean which was calculated by analysis of covariance with factor treatment and center, and covariate baseline. (NCT00550953)
Timeframe: Baseline and 8 Weeks

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination13.49
Telmisartan 40 mg Monotherapy5.47

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Percentage of Patients With Optimal, Normal or High Normal Blood Pressure at 8 Weeks (0 Percent at Baseline)

"Optimal, normal, high normal blood pressure were defined as follows:~Optimal: Systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 120 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) < 80 mmHg~Normal: SBP >= 120 mmHg or DBP >= 80 mmHg and SBP < 130 mmHg and DBP < 85 mmHg~High normal: SBP >= 130 mmHg or DBP >= 85 mmHg and SBP < 140 mmHg and DBP < 90 mmHg" (NCT00550953)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OptimalNormalHigh Normal
Telmisartan 40 mg Monotherapy3.217.117.1
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination17.030.726.1

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Decrease in Seated Systolic Blood Pressure From Baseline to 8 Weeks

The mean of the change value was least square mean which was calculated by analysis of covariance with factor treatment and center, and covariate baseline. (NCT00550953)
Timeframe: Baseline and 8 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination17.86
Telmisartan 40 mg Monotherapy6.51

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Percentage of Patients Who Achieved an Adequate Response in Seated Trough Diastolic Blood Pressure at 8 Weeks (0 Percent at Baseline)

Adequate response defined that seated trough diastolic blood pressure was <90 mmHg or decreased from reference baseline by >=10 mmHg at 8 weeks (NCT00550953)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination85
Telmisartan 40 mg Monotherapy50

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Percentage of Patients Who Achieved an Adequate Response in Seated Trough Systolic Blood Pressure at 8 Weeks (0 Percent at Baseline)

Adequate response defined that seated trough systolic blood pressure was <140 mmHg or decreased from reference baseline by >=20 mmHg at 8 weeks (0 percent at baseline) (NCT00550953)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination89.5
Telmisartan 40 mg Monotherapy58.2

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Percentage of Patients With Seated Trough Diastolic Blood Pressure Less Than 90 mmHg at 8 Weeks (0 Percent at Baseline)

Seated trough diastolic blood pressure defined as blood pressure in a sitting position no later than 24 hours after the last intake (NCT00550953)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination78.4
Telmisartan 40 mg Monotherapy46.8

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Clinically Relevant Abnormalities for Changes in Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Due to Position Change, Seated Pulse Rate, Laboratory Parameters and ECG

Clinical relevant abnormalities for changes in blood pressure and pulse rate due to position change, seated pulse rate, laboratory parameters and ECG. New abnormal findings or worsening of baseline conditions were reported as Adverse Events. (NCT00550953)
Timeframe: First administration of randomised treatment to 24 hours post last dose of randomised treatment

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
ArrhythmiaBlood potassium increasedBlood pressure increasedEosinophil count increasedOrthostatic hypotension
Telmisartan 40 mg Monotherapy00200
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination11011

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Percentage of Patients With Seated Trough Systolic Blood Pressure Less Than 140 mmHg at 8 Weeks (0 Percent at Baseline)

Seated trough systolic blood pressure defined as blood pressure in a sitting position no later than 24 hours after the last intake (NCT00550953)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination81.2
Telmisartan 40 mg Monotherapy37.1

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Trough Seated SBP Response

The number of patients who reach the target SBP of <140mmHg or had a reduction in SBP >= 15 mmHg (NCT00553267)
Timeframe: End of study (8 weeks or last value on treatment)

,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Yes (Responder)No (Non-responder)
Amlodipine 10mg165140
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 10mg198108
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg204106

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Trough Seated SBP Control

The number of patients who reach the target SBP of <140mmHg (NCT00553267)
Timeframe: End of study (8 weeks or last value on treatment)

,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Yes (SBP<140 mmHg)No (SBP>=140 mmHg)
Amlodipine 10mg153152
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 10mg180126
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg187123

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Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure Control (Defined as < 90mmHg)

The number of patients who reach the target DBP of <90mmHg (NCT00553267)
Timeframe: End of study (8 weeks or last value on treatment)

,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Yes (DBP<90 mmHg)No (DBP>=90 mmHg)
Amlodipine 10mg156149
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 10mg195111
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg206104

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Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure <80 mmHg

The number of patients who reach the target DBP of <80mmHg (NCT00553267)
Timeframe: End of study (8 weeks or last value on treatment)

,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Yes (DBP<80 mmHg)No (DBP>=80 mmHg)
Amlodipine 10mg18287
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 10mg39267
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg39271

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Trough Seated DBP Response

The number of patients who reach the target DBP of <90mmHg or had a reduction in DBP >= 10mmHg (NCT00553267)
Timeframe: End of study (8 weeks or last value on treatment)

,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Yes (Responder)No (Non-responder)
Amlodipine 10mg163142
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 10mg202104
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg21397

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Trough Seated BP Normality Classes

The number of patients who reach predefined BP categories (NCT00553267)
Timeframe: End of study (8 weeks or last value on treatment)

,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Optimal (SBP<120 and DBP<80 mmHg)Normal (SBP<130 and DBP<85 mmHg and not optimal)High-normal (SBP<140 DBP<90 mmHg and not normal)Stage 1 hypertension (SBP<160 and DBP<100 mmHg)Stage 2 hypertension (SBP>=160 and DBP>=100 mmHg)
Amlodipine 10mg0367715735
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 10mg12439113921
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg65010613315

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Peripheral Oedema Incidence Rate

The number of cases of peripheral oedema (expressed as number of cases/100 patient-years) (NCT00553267)
Timeframe: During randomised treatment period

InterventionNumber of cases/100 patient-years (Number)
Amlodipine 10mg48.8
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 10mg44.8
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg54.0

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Oedema Incidence Rate

The number of patients who experienced at least one case of oedema or worsening of oedema for the first time (expressed as number of patients/100 patient-years) (NCT00553267)
Timeframe: During randomised treatment period

InterventionNumber of patients/100 patient-years (Number)
Amlodipine 10mg44.7
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 10mg42.8
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg54.0

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Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure

Change from baseline to the end of study in trough SBP (NCT00553267)
Timeframe: Baseline and end of study (8 weeks or last value on treatment)

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Amlodipine 10mg-7.44
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 10mg-11.09
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg-11.29

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Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure

Change from baseline to the end of study in trough DBP (NCT00553267)
Timeframe: Baseline and end of study (8 weeks or last value on treatment)

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Amlodipine 10mg-6.48
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 10mg-9.24
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg-9.33

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Percentage of Patients Who Achieved an Adequate Response in Seated Trough Diastolic Blood Pressure at 8 Weeks (0 Percent at Baseline)

Adequate response defined that seated trough diastolic blood pressure was <90 mmHg or decreased from reference baseline by >=10 mmHg at 8 weeks (NCT00558064)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination74.5
Amlodipine 5 mg Monotherapy50.2

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Percentage of Patients With Optimal, Normal or High Normal Blood Pressure at 8 Weeks (0 Percent at Baseline)

"Optimal, normal, high normal blood pressure were defined as follows:~Optimal: Systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 120 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) < 80 mmHg~Normal: SBP >= 120 mmHg or DBP >= 80 mmHg and SBP < 130 mmHg and DBP < 85 mmHg~High normal: SBP >= 130 mmHg or DBP >= 85 mmHg and SBP < 140 mmHg and DBP < 90 mmHg~No: SBP >= 140 mmHg and DPB >= 90 mmHg" (NCT00558064)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
OptimalNormalHigh Normal
Amlodipine 5 mg Monotherapy1.69.723.0
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination11.024.326.6

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Percentage of Patients With Seated Trough Diastolic Blood Pressure Less Than 90 mmHg at 8 Weeks (0 Percent at Baseline)

Seated trough diastolic blood pressure defined as blood pressure in a sitting position no later than 24 hours after the last intake (NCT00558064)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination68.1
Amlodipine 5 mg Monotherapy47.1

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Percentage of Patients With Seated Trough Systolic Blood Pressure Less Than 140 mmHg at 8 Weeks (0 Percent at Baseline)

Seated trough systolic blood pressure defined as blood pressure in a sitting position no later than 24 hours after the last intake (NCT00558064)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination67.1
Amlodipine 5 mg Monotherapy45.8

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Percentage of Patients Who Achieved an Adequate Response in Seated Trough Systolic Blood Pressure at 8 Weeks

Adequate response defined that seated trough systolic blood pressure was <140 mmHg or decreased from reference baseline by >=20 mmHg at 8 weeks (0 percent at baseline) (NCT00558064)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination79.5
Amlodipine 5 mg Monotherapy58.4

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Reduction From Reference Baseline in Mean Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure at Trough (24-hour Post-dosing)

The mean of the change value was least square mean which was calculated by analysis of covariance with factor treatment and center, and covariate baseline. (NCT00558064)
Timeframe: Baseline and 8 Weeks

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination9.56
Amlodipine 5 mg Monotherapy4.45

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Reduction From Reference Baseline in Mean Seated Systolic Blood Pressure at Trough (24-hour Post-dosing)

The mean of the change value was least square mean which was calculated by analysis of covariance with factor treatment and center, and covariate baseline. (NCT00558064)
Timeframe: Baseline and 8 Weeks

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination13.04
Amlodipine 5 mg Monotherapy5.77

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Clinically Relevant Abnormalities for Blood Chemistry, Pulse Rate, Laboratory Parameters and ECG

Clinical relevant abnormalities for blood chemistry, pulse rate, laboratory parameters and ECG. New abnormal findings or worsening of baseline conditions were reported as Adverse Events. (NCT00558064)
Timeframe: First administration of randomised treatment to 24 hours post last dose of randomised treatment

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Alanine aminotransferase increasedAspartate aminotransferase increasedBlood creatine phosphokinase increasedBlood potassium increasedBlood urine presentLiver function test abnormalBradycardia
Amlodipine 5 mg Monotherapy0001000
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination1120111

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Trough Seated SBP Response

The number of patients who reach the target SBP of <140mmHg or had a reduction in SBP >= 15 mmHg (NCT00558428)
Timeframe: End of study (8 weeks or last value on treatment)

,,,
Interventionpatients (Number)
Yes (Responder)No (Non-responder)
Amlodipine 10mg16695
Amlodipine 5mg118137
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg18783
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg20071

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Trough Seated SBP Control

The number of patients who reach the target SBP of <140mmHg (NCT00558428)
Timeframe: End of study (8 weeks or last value on treatment)

,,,
Interventionpatients (Number)
Yes (SBP<140 mmHg)No (SBP>=140 mmHg)
Amlodipine 10mg142119
Amlodipine 5mg100155
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg162108
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg17893

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Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure Control

The number of patients who reach the target DBP of <90mmHg (NCT00558428)
Timeframe: End of study (8 weeks or last value on treatment)

,,,
Interventionpatients (Number)
Yes (DBP<90 mmHg)No (DBP>=90 mmHg)
Amlodipine 10mg148113
Amlodipine 5mg107148
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg153117
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg17398

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Trough Seated Blood Pressure (BP) Normality Classes

"The number of patients who reach predefined BP categories:~Optimal - SBP<120 and DBP<80 mmHg~Normal - SBP<130 and DBP<85 mmHg~High-normal - SBP<140 DBP<90 mmHg~Stage 1 hypertension - SBP<160 and DBP<100~Stage 2 hypertension SBP>=160 and DBP>=100 mmHg" (NCT00558428)
Timeframe: End of study (8 weeks or last value on treatment)

,,,
Interventionpatients (Number)
OptimalNormalHigh-normalStage 1 hypertensionStage 2 hypertension
Amlodipine 10mg5306812632
Amlodipine 5mg2234211870
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg19356312726
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg21516711022

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Trough Seated DBP Response

The number of patients who reach the target DBP of <90mmHg or had a reduction in DBP >= 10mmHg (NCT00558428)
Timeframe: End of study (8 weeks or last value on treatment)

,,,
Interventionpatients (Number)
Yes (Responder)No (Non-responder)
Amlodipine 10mg16398
Amlodipine 5mg116139
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg17793
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg18784

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Number of Patients With Oedema

Patients from the treated set who experienced at least one case of general oedema. (NCT00558428)
Timeframe: During randomised treatment period (8 weeks was the planned end of treatment, some of the measurements analysed as end of study can be at 4 weeks or at any point on randomised treatment)

,,,
Interventionpatients (Number)
Number of patients with any oedemaNumber of patients with general oedema
Amlodipine 10mg7675
Amlodipine 5mg2323
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg1414
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg1010

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Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)

Change from baseline to the end of study in trough SBP (NCT00558428)
Timeframe: End of study (8 weeks or last value on treatment)

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Amlodipine 5mg-6.18
Amlodipine 10mg-11.11
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg-13.56
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg-14.99

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Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)

Change from baseline to the end of study in trough DBP (NCT00558428)
Timeframe: End of study (8 weeks or last value on treatment)

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Amlodipine 5mg-5.71
Amlodipine 10mg-7.95
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg-9.35
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg-10.63

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Additional Reduction in DBP by Use of Additional Antihypertensive Therapy

Difference in trough DBP from last visit before add-on therapy and last visit during 1235.7 (NCT00614380)
Timeframe: At any point during open-label treatment

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Total-5.73

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Change in SBP From Last Available Trough in 1235.5 to Last Available Trough in 1235.7

The difference between the last available troughs represents the additional reduction in SBP in this study (NCT00614380)
Timeframe: End of study (34 weeks or last value on treatment)

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg-4.14
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg-5.62
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg + add-on Antihypertensive-3.6
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg + add-on Antihypertensive-7.17

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Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) Control

The number of patients who reach the target SBP of <140mmHg (NCT00614380)
Timeframe: End of study (34 weeks or last value on treatment)

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Yes (SBP<140 mmHg)No (SBP>=140 mmHg)
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg440113
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg + add-on Antihypertensive169
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg14264
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg + add-on Antihypertensive8992

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Trough Seated SBP Response

The number of patients who reach the target SBP of <140mmHg or had a reduction in SBP >= 15 mmHg (NCT00614380)
Timeframe: End of study (34 weeks or last value on treatment)

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Yes (Responder)No (Non-responder)
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg49059
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg + add-on Antihypertensive186
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg17924
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg + add-on Antihypertensive12848

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Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) Control

The number of patients who reach the target DBP of <90mmHg (NCT00614380)
Timeframe: End of study (34 weeks or last value on treatment)

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Yes (DBP<90 mmHg)No (DBP>=90 mmHg)
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg50449
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg + add-on Antihypertensive196
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg16046
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg + add-on Antihypertensive8497

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Trough Seated DBP Response

The number of patients who reach the target DBP of <90mmHg or had a reduction in DBP >= 10mmHg (NCT00614380)
Timeframe: End of study (34 weeks or last value on treatment)

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Yes (Responder)No (Non-responder)
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg50445
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg + add-on Antihypertensive195
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg17132
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg + add-on Antihypertensive10868

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Trough DBP Control Pre- and Post- Uptitration

The number of patients with DBP control (DBP<90 mmHg). Last trough DBP measurement before uptitration to Telmisartan 80mg compared to first trough DBP taken after uptitration (NCT00614380)
Timeframe: At any point during open-label treatment

,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Post-titration: Yes (DBP<90 mmHg)Post-titration: No (DBP>=90 mmHg)Post-titration: Total
Pre-titration: No (DBP>=90 mmHg)190171361
Pre-titration: Total207171378
Pre-titration: Yes (DBP<90 mmHg)17017

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Trough Blood Pressure (BP) Normality Classes

The number of patients who reach predefined BP categories (NCT00614380)
Timeframe: End of study (34 weeks or last value on treatment)

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Optimal (SBP<120 and DBP<80 mmHg)Normal (SBP<130 and DBP<85 mmHg and not optimal)High-normal (SBP<140 DBP<90 mmHg and not normal)Stage 1 hypertension (SBP<160 and DBP<100 mmHgStage 2 hypertension (SBP>=160 and DBP>=100 mmHg)
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg6718816312213
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg + add-on Antihypertensive139120
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg42992738
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg + add-on Antihypertensive6123410524

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Patients Requiring Additional Antihypertensive Therapy to Achieve DBP Control

The number of patients with DBP control (DBP<90 mmHg). Last trough DBP measurement before taking additional antihypertensive compared to last trough DBP taken on treatment (NCT00614380)
Timeframe: At any point during open-label treatment

,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Post-antihypertensive: Yes (DBP<90 mmHg)Post-antihypertensive: No (DBP>=90 mmHg)Post-antihypertensive: Total
Pre-antihypertensive: No (DBP>=90 mmHg)100106206
Pre-antihypertensive: Total110108218
Pre-antihypertensive: Yes (DBP<90 mmHg)10212

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Time to First Additional Antihypertensive

Time from first intake of medication to first intake of an antihypertensive other than the study drug (NCT00614380)
Timeframe: At any point during open-label treatment

InterventionDays (Mean)
Total85.8

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Change in DBP From Last Available Trough in 1235.5 to Last Available Trough in 1235.7

The difference between the last available troughs represents the additional reduction in DBP in this study (NCT00614380)
Timeframe: End of study (34 weeks or last value on treatment)

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg-3.54
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg-5.52
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg + add-on Antihypertensive-5.51
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg + add-on Antihypertensive-5.74

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Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure

Change from baseline to the end of study in trough SBP. Baseline is defined as visit 3 of trial 1235.5. (NCT00614380)
Timeframe: End of study (34 weeks or last value on treatment)

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg-17.79
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg-15.91
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg + add-on Antihypertensive-12.6
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg + add-on Antihypertensive-14.04

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Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure

Change from baseline to the end of study in trough DBP. Baseline is defined as visit 3 of trial 1235.5. (NCT00614380)
Timeframe: End of study (34 weeks or last value on treatment)

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg-14.18
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg-12.64
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5mg + add-on Antihypertensive-9.47
Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 5mg + add-on Antihypertensive-10.17

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Additional Reduction in SBP by Use of Additional Antihypertensive Therapy

Difference in trough SBP from last visit before add-on therapy and last visit during 1235.7 (NCT00614380)
Timeframe: At any point during open-label treatment

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Total-7.53

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Seated SBP Response Rate at Trough

Percentage of patients whose SBP <140 mmHg or decreased deom pseudo-baseline by >=20 mmHg after 6 and 12 months (NCT00618774)
Timeframe: 6 months and 12 months

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 20Week 48
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination97.697.6
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination93.893.8

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Seated SBP Control Rate at Trough After 6 and 12 Months

Percentage of patients whose SBP <140 mmHg (NCT00618774)
Timeframe: 6 months and 12 months

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 20Week 48
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination95.793.2
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination89.689.6

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Change From Baseline in Seated Systolic Blood Pressure

mean reduction from pseud-baseline (after the washout) in seated systolic blood pressure (NCT00618774)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 20 / week 48

,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Week 20Week 48
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination33.7333.97
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination27.1828.11

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Clinically Relevant Abnormalities for Changes in Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Due to Position Change, Seated Pulse Rate, Laboratory Parameters and ECG

Clinically relevant abnormalities for changes in blood pressure and pulse rate due to position change, seated pulse rate, laboratory parameters and ECG. New abnormal findings or worsening of baseline conditions were reported as adverse events. (NCT00618774)
Timeframe: First administration of study treatment to 24 hours post last dosing of study treatment.

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Blood Pressure DecreasedProstatic specific antigen increasedAcute myocardial infarctionArrhythmiaAtrial fibrillationExtrasystolesVentricular extrasystolesOrthostatic hypotension
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination21012110
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination00100001

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Change From Baseline in Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure

Mean reduction from pseud-baseline (after the washout) in seated diastolic blood pressure (NCT00618774)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 20 / week 48

,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Week 20Week 48
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination20.6721.39
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination16.3617.78

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Seated Blood Pressure Normalisation at Trough

"Percentage of patients when classifying their blood pressure measurements into the following classes at 6 and 12 months:~Optimal: SBP <120 mmHg and DBP <80 mmHg~Normal: SBP >=120 mmHg or DBP >=80 mmHg and SBP <130 mmHg or DBP <85 mmHg~High normal: SBP >=130 mmHg or DBP >=85 mmHg and SBP <140 mmHg or DBP <90 mmHg~No: SBP >=140 mmHg or DBP >=90 mmHg" (NCT00618774)
Timeframe: 6 months and 12 months

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 20: OptimalWeek 20: NormalWeek 20: High NormalWeek 20: NoWeek 48: OptimalWeek 48: NormalWeek 48: High NormalWeek 48: No
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination29.535.324.211.132.436.218.413.0
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination4.218.831.345.86.318.839.635.4

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Seated DBP Control Rate at Trough After 6 and 12 Months

Percentage of patients whose DBP <90 mmHg. (NCT00618774)
Timeframe: 6 months and 12 months

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 20Week 48
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination90.892.8
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination54.266.7

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Seated DBP Response Rate at Trough

Percentage of patients whose DBP <90 mmHg or decreased from pseudo-baseline by >=10 mmHg at 6 months and 12 months (NCT00618774)
Timeframe: 6 months and 12 months

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 20Week 48
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination97.198.6
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination85.487.5

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Change From Baseline in Seated Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 8

mean reduction from pseud-baseline (after the washout) in seated systolic blood pressure (NCT00618774)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 8

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination33.89
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination26.44

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Seated DBP Control Rate at Trough After 8 Weeks

Percentage of patients whose DBP <90 mmHg after 8 weeks of treatment (NCT00618774)
Timeframe: week 8

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination91.8
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination52.1

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Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Adverse Events

An adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence (NCT00618774)
Timeframe: 52 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination77.3
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination77.1

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Seated SBP Control Rate at Trough After 8 Weeks

Percentage of patients whose SBP <140 mmHg after 8 weeks of treatment (NCT00618774)
Timeframe: Week 8

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination93.2
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination85.4

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Change From Baseline in Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 8

mean reduction from pseud-baseline (after the washout) in seated diastolic blood pressure (NCT00618774)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 8

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan 40 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination20.81
Telmisartan 80 mg Plus Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed-dose Combination15.75

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Change in SBP From Last Available Trough in NCT00553267 to Last Available Trough in NCT00624052

The difference between the last available troughs represents the additional reduction in SBP in this study (NCT00624052)
Timeframe: Last available trough in NCT00624052 to end of study (34 weeks or last value on treatment)

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 10mg-4.73
Randomised Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg-6.02
Titrated Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg-6.55
Telmisartan 40mg or 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg + add-on-5.61

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Time to First Additional Antihypertensive

Time from first intake of medication to first intake of an antihypertensive other than the study drug (NCT00624052)
Timeframe: up to 34 weeks

InterventionDays (Mean)
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 10mg91.9

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Number of Patients Requiring Additional Antihypertensive Therapy to Achieve DBP Control

The number of patients with DBP control (DBP>=90 mmHg). Last trough DBP measurement before taking additional antihypertensive compared to last trough DBP taken on treatment (NCT00624052)
Timeframe: up to 34 weeks

,,
Interventionpatients (Number)
Post-antihypertensive: Yes (DBP<90 mmHg)Post-antihypertensive: No (DBP>=90 mmHg)Post-antihypertensive: Total
Pre-antihypertensive: No (DBP>=90 mmHg)672390
Pre-antihypertensive: Total9427121
Pre-antihypertensive: Yes (DBP<90 mmHg)27431

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Trough BP Normality Classes

The number of patients who reach predefined BP categories (NCT00624052)
Timeframe: End of study (34 weeks or last value on treatment)

,,,
Interventionpatients (Number)
Optimal (SBP<120 and DBP<80 mmHg)Normal (SBP<130 and DBP<85 mmHg and not optimal)High-normal (SBP<140 DBP<90 mmHg and not normal)Stage 1 hypertension (SBP<160 and DBP<100 mmHgStage 2 hypertension (SBP>=160 and DBP>=100 mmHg)
Randomised Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg20146189765
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 10mg127094328
Telmisartan 40mg or 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg + add-on31329434
Titrated Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg51446233

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Trough DBP Control Pre- and Post- Uptitration

The number of patients with DBP control (DBP<90 mmHg). Last trough DBP measurement before uptitration to telmisartan 80mg and amlodipine 10mg compared to first trough DBP taken after uptitration. Uptitration could be based DBP>90 or investigator opinion. (NCT00624052)
Timeframe: up to 34 weeks

,,
Interventionpatients (Number)
Post-titration: Yes (DBP<90 mmHg)Post-titration: No (DBP>=90 mmHg)Post-titration: Total
Pre-titration: No (DBP>=90 mmHg)16890258
Pre-titration: Total474108582
Pre-titration: Yes (DBP<90 mmHg)30618324

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Trough Seated DBP Response

The number of patients who reach the target DBP of <90mmHg or had a reduction in DBP >= 10mmHg (NCT00624052)
Timeframe: End of study (34 weeks or last value on treatment)

,,,
Interventionpatients (Number)
Yes (Responder)No (Non-responder)
Randomised Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg40529
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 10mg20113
Telmisartan 40mg or 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg + add-on7318
Titrated Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg7116

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Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) Control

The number of patients who reached the target DBP of <90mmHg (NCT00624052)
Timeframe: End of study (34 weeks or last value on treatment)

,,,
Interventionpatients (Number)
Yes (DBP<90 mmHg)No (DBP>=90 mmHg)
Randomised Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg40234
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 10mg20115
Telmisartan 40mg or 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg + add-on7022
Titrated Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg7219

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Trough Seated SBP Response

The number of patients who reach the target SBP of <140mmHg or had a reduction in SBP >= 15 mmHg (NCT00624052)
Timeframe: End of study (34 weeks or last value on treatment)

,,,
Interventionpatients (Number)
Yes (Responder)No (Non-responder)
Randomised Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg40133
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 10mg19024
Telmisartan 40mg or 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg + add-on6922
Titrated Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg7512

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Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) Control

The number of patients who reached the target SBP of >=140mmHg (NCT00624052)
Timeframe: End of study (34 weeks or last value on treatment)

,,,
Interventionpatients (Number)
Yes (SBP<140 mmHg)No (SBP>=140 mmHg)
Randomised Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg36670
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 10mg17937
Telmisartan 40mg or 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg + add-on5141
Titrated Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg7021

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Additional Reduction in DBP by Use of Additional Antihypertensive Therapy

Difference in trough DBP from last visit before add-on therapy and last visit during NCT00624052 (NCT00624052)
Timeframe: up to 34 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 10mg-6.79

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Additional Reduction in SBP by Use of Additional Antihypertensive Therapy

Difference in trough SBP from last visit before add-on therapy and last visit during NCT00624052 (NCT00624052)
Timeframe: up to 34 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 10mg-7.79

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Change From Baseline to End of Study in Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure

Change from baseline to the end of study in trough DBP. Baseline is defined as visit 3 of trial 1235.6 (NCT00624052)
Timeframe: Baseline is defined as visit 3 of study NCT00553267 and end of study as 34 weeks or last value on treatment

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 10mg-13.41
Randomised Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg-13.36
Titrated Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg-11.52
Telmisartan 40mg or 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg + add-on-10.64

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Change From Baseline to End of Study in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure

Change from baseline to the end of study in trough SBP. Baseline is defined as visit 3 of trial 1235.6 (NCT00624052)
Timeframe: Baseline is defined as visit 3 of study NCT00553267 and end of study as 34 weeks or last value on treatment

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 10mg-14.76
Randomised Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg-15.93
Titrated Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg-14.85
Telmisartan 40mg or 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg + add-on-12.44

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Change in DBP From Last Available Trough in NCT00553267 to Last Available Trough in NCT00624052

The difference between the last available troughs represents the additional reduction in DBP in this study (NCT00624052)
Timeframe: Last available trough in NCT00553267 to end of study (34 weeks or last value on treatment)

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 10mg-4.36
Randomised Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg-4.97
Titrated Telmisartan 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg-5.51
Telmisartan 40mg or 80mg and Amlodipine 10mg + add-on-5.43

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Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure at 6 Months

(NCT00659581)
Timeframe: initiation and 6 months

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan-20.6

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Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure at 24 Months

(NCT00659581)
Timeframe: initiation and 24 months

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan-23.9

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Change From Baseline in Diastolic Blood Pressure at 24 Months

(NCT00659581)
Timeframe: initiation and 24 months

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan-12.3

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Number of Patients With Cerebrovascular(CeV) and Cardiovascular (CaV) Events

(NCT00659581)
Timeframe: 3 years after initiation of treatment

InterventionNumber of participants (Number)
Number of patients with CeV and CaV eventsNumber of patients with no CeV and CaV events
Telmisartan47919964

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Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure at 36 Months

(NCT00659581)
Timeframe: initiation and 36 months

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan-25.0

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Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure at 12 Months

(NCT00659581)
Timeframe: initiation and 12 months

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan-22.2

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Change From Baseline in Diastolic Blood Pressure at 6 Months

(NCT00659581)
Timeframe: initiation and 6 months

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan-10.3

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Change From Baseline in Diastolic Blood Pressure at 36 Months

(NCT00659581)
Timeframe: initiation and 36 months

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan-13.1

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Change From Baseline in Diastolic Blood Pressure at 12 Months

(NCT00659581)
Timeframe: initiation and 12 months

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan-11.3

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Patients Achieving Blood Pressure Control at Week 4

SBP < 140 mmHg and DBP < 90 mmHg (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: week 4

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
ControlledNot Controlled
Amlodipine 10 mg53150
T80+A10161231
Telmisartan 80 mg49163

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Patients Achieving Blood Pressure Control at Week 6

SBP < 140 mmHg and DBP < 90 mmHg (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: week 6

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
ControlledNot Controlled
Amlodipine 10 mg77128
T80+A10196198
Telmisartan 80 mg54158

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Patients Achieving Blood Pressure Control at Week 8

SBP < 140 mmHg and DBP < 90 mmHg (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: week 8

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
ControlledNot Controlled
Amlodipine 10 mg73132
T80+A10199196
Telmisartan 80 mg51161

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Patients Achieving Diastolic Blood Pressure Control at Week 1

Diastolic Blood Pressure Control is defined as achieving DBP < 90mmHg (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: week 1

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
ControlledNot Controlled
Amlodipine 5 mg64143
T80+A5147240
Telmisartan 80 mg61146

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Patients Achieving Diastolic Blood Pressure Control at Week 2

DBP < 90 mmHg (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: week 2

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
ControlledNot Controlled
Amlodipine 5 mg91121
T80+A5205200
Telmisartan 80 mg87125

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Patients Achieving Diastolic Blood Pressure Control at Week 4

DBP < 90 mmHg (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: week 4

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
ControlledNot Controlled
Amlodipine 10 mg10994
T80+A10268124
Telmisartan 80 mg106106

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Patients Achieving Diastolic Blood Pressure Control at Week 6

DBP < 90 mmHg (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: week 6

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
ControlledNot Controlled
Amlodipine 10 mg12877
T80+A10290104
Telmisartan 80 mg110102

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Patients Achieving Diastolic Blood Pressure Control at Week 8

DBP < 90 mmHg (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: week 8

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
ControlledNot Controlled
Amlodipine 10 mg13174
T80+A10291103
Telmisartan 80 mg112100

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Patients Achieving Diastolic Blood Pressure Response at Week 1

Diastolic Blood Pressure Response is defined as achieving DBP < 90 mmHg or a reduction of >= 10 mmHg (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: baseline, week 1

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
ControlledNot Controlled
Amlodipine 5 mg100107
T80+A5232155
Telmisartan 80 mg95112

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Patients Achieving Diastolic Blood Pressure Response at Week 2

DBP < 90 mmHg or reduction of >= 10 mmHg (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: baseline, week 2

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
ControlledNot Controlled
Amlodipine 5 mg12884
T80+A5289116
Telmisartan 80 mg12389

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Patients Achieving Diastolic Blood Pressure Response at Week 4

DBP < 90 mmHg or reduction of >= 10 mmHg (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: baseline, week 4

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
ControlledNot Controlled
Amlodipine 10 mg15161
T80+A1033953
Telmisartan 80 mg13280

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Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) at Week 8

Overall mean reduction from a common mean baseline in SBP (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: baseline and week 8

InterventionmmHg (millimeters of mercury) (Least Squares Mean)
T80+A10-47.5
Telmisartan 80 mg-36.9
Amlodipine 10 mg-43.2

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Patients Achieving Diastolic Blood Pressure Response at Week 8

DBP < 90 mmHg or reduction of >= 10 mmHg (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: baseline, week 8

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
ControlledNot Controlled
Amlodipine 10 mg17233
T80+A1036134
Telmisartan 80 mg14765

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Patients Achieving Normal Blood Pressure Response at Week 4

Optimal: SBP<120 and DBP< 80; Normal: 120<=SBP<130 and 80<= DBP<85; High normal: 130<=SBP<140 and 85<=DBP<90; High: SBP>=140 or DBP>=90 (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: week 4

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
OptimalNormalHigh NormalHigh
Amlodipine 10 mg21437150
T80+A10154799231
Telmisartan 80 mg41530163

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Patients Achieving Normal Blood Pressure Response at Week 6

Optimal: SBP<120 and DBP< 80; Normal: 120<=SBP<130 and 80<= DBP<85; High normal: 130<=SBP<140 and 85<=DBP<90; High: SBP>=140 or DBP>=90 (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: week 6

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
OptimalNormalHigh NormalHigh
Amlodipine 10 mg31856128
T80+A101773106198
Telmisartan 80 mg51930158

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Patients Achieving Normal Blood Pressure Response at Week 8

Optimal: SBP<120 and DBP< 80; Normal: 120<=SBP<130 and 80<= DBP<85; High normal: 130<=SBP<140 and 85<=DBP<90; High: SBP>=140 or DBP>=90 (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: week 8

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
OptimalNormalHigh NormalHigh
Amlodipine 10 mg22546132
T80+A101876105196
Telmisartan 80 mg32127161

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Patients Achieving Systolic Blood Pressure Response at Week 1

Systolic Blood Pressure Response Control is defined as achieving SBP < 140 mmHg or a reduction of >= 15 mmHg (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: baseline, week 1

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
ControlledNot Controlled
Amlodipine 5 mg17334
T80+A533849
Telmisartan 80 mg16443

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Patients Achieving Systolic Blood Pressure Response at Week 2

SBP < 140 mmHg or reduction of >= 15 mmHg (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: baseline, week 2

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
ControlledNot Controlled
Amlodipine 5 mg18923
T80+A538718
Telmisartan 80 mg16943

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Patients Achieving Systolic Blood Pressure Response at Week 4

SBP < 140 mmHg or reduction of >= 15 mmHg (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: baseline, week 4

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
ControlledNot Controlled
Amlodipine 10 mg1949
T80+A103884
Telmisartan 80 mg18032

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Patients Achieving Systolic Blood Pressure Response at Week 6

SBP < 140 mmHg or reduction of >= 15 mmHg (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: baseline, week 6

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
ControlledNot Controlled
Amlodipine 10 mg2014
T80+A103886
Telmisartan 80 mg18428

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Patients Achieving Systolic Blood Pressure Response at Week 8

SBP < 140 mmHg or reduction of >= 15 mmHg (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: baseline, week 8

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
ControlledNot Controlled
Amlodipine 10 mg2023
T80+A103914
Telmisartan 80 mg18824

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Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 1

Overall mean reduction from a common mean baseline in DBP (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: baseline and week 1

InterventionmmHg (millimeters of mercury) (Least Squares Mean)
T80+A5-10.9
Telmisartan 80 mg-8.2
Amlodipine 5 mg-9.6

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Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) at Week 8

Overall mean reduction from a common mean baseline in DBP (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: baseline and week 8

InterventionmmHg (millimeters of mercury) (Least Squares Mean)
T80+A10-18.7
Telmisartan 80 mg-13.8
Amlodipine 10 mg-16.3

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Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 1

Overall mean reduction from a common mean baseline in SBP (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: baseline and week 1

InterventionmmHg (millimeters of mercury) (Least Squares Mean)
T80+A5-31.9
Telmisartan 80 mg-25.4
Amlodipine 5 mg-28.6

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Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 2

Overall mean reduction from a common mean baseline in SBP (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: baseline and week 2

InterventionmmHg (millimeters of mercury) (Least Squares Mean)
T80+A5-37.9
Telmisartan 80 mg-30.1
Amlodipine 5 mg-33.3

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Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 6

Overall mean reduction from a common mean baseline in DBP (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: baseline and week 6

InterventionmmHg (millimeters of mercury) (Least Squares Mean)
T80+A10-18.3
Telmisartan 80 mg-13.5
Amlodipine 10 mg-15.7

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Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 4

Overall mean reduction from a common mean baseline in SBP (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: baseline and week 4

InterventionmmHg (millimeters of mercury) (Least Squares Mean)
T80+A10-44.5
Telmisartan 80 mg-34.4
Amlodipine 10 mg-39.8

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Patients Achieving Diastolic Blood Pressure Response at Week 6

DBP < 90 mmHg or reduction of >= 10 mmHg (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: baseline, week 6

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
ControlledNot Controlled
Amlodipine 10 mg16837
T80+A1035638
Telmisartan 80 mg14468

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Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 6

Overall mean reduction from a common mean baseline in SBP (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: baseline and week 6

InterventionmmHg (millimeters of mercury) (Least Squares Mean)
T80+A10-46.9
Telmisartan 80 mg-36.3
Amlodipine 10 mg-42.1

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Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 2

Overall mean reduction from a common mean baseline in DBP (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: baseline and week 2

InterventionmmHg (millimeters of mercury) (Least Squares Mean)
T80+A5-13.2
Telmisartan 80 mg-10.4
Amlodipine 5 mg-11.4

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Number of Patients Achieving Various Blood Pressure Response Levels at Week 1

Optimal: SBP<120 and DBP< 80; Normal: 120<=SBP<130 and 80<= DBP<85; High normal: 130<=SBP<140 and 85<=DBP<90; High: SBP>=140 or DBP>=90 (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: week 1

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
OptimalNormalHigh NormalHigh
Amlodipine 5 mg0312192
T80+A53942333
Telmisartan 80 mg0313191

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Number of Patients Achieving Various Blood Pressure Response Levels at Week 2

Optimal: SBP<120 and DBP< 80; Normal: 120<=SBP<130 and 80<= DBP<85; High normal: 130<=SBP<140 and 85<=DBP<90; High: SBP>=140 or DBP>=90 (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: week 2

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
OptimalNormalHigh NormalHigh
Amlodipine 5 mg0523184
T80+A562161317
Telmisartan 80 mg0723182

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Patients Achieving Blood Pressure Control at Week 1

Blood Pressure Control is defined as achieving SBP< 140 mmHg and DBP < 90mmHg (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: week 1

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
ControlledNot Controlled
Amlodipine 5 mg15192
T80+A554333
Telmisartan 80 mg16191

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Patients Achieving Blood Pressure Control at Week 2

SBP < 140 mmHg and DBP < 90 mmHg (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: week 2

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
ControlledNot Controlled
Amlodipine 5 mg28184
T80+A588317
Telmisartan 80 mg30182

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Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 4

Overall mean reduction from a common mean baseline in DBP (NCT00860262)
Timeframe: baseline and week 4

InterventionmmHg (millimeters of mercury) (Least Squares Mean)
T80+A10-17.0
Telmisartan 80 mg-12.1
Amlodipine 10 mg-14.2

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Change in the Mean Sitting Systolic Blood Pressure (msSBP) as Measured at All Study Visits During the Double-blind Treatment Period and During the Treatment Withdrawal Period

"Blood Pressure was measured in the office after the patient was sitting for 5 minutes. The average of 3 readings 1-2 minutes apart were used in the analysis.~The change in the double-blind period was calculated from the end of active treatment at week 12 to the Baseline (Randomization) using Analysis of Covariance with treatment and region as factors and baseline msSBP as a covariate.~The change in the treatment interruption period was calculated from day 7 of the withdrawal period at week 13 to the end of the active treatment using Analysis of Variance with treatment and region as factors." (NCT00865020)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 weeks, 13 weeks

,
InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Double-Blind Period (n1=374,371)Treatment Interruption Period (n2=369,363)
Aliskiren 300 mg-15.221.26
Telmisartan 80 mg-14.645.00

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Change in the Mean Diastolic Sitting Blood Pressure (msDBP) as Measured at All Study Visits During the Double-blind Treatment Period and During the Treatment Withdrawal Period

"Blood Pressure was measured in the office after the patient was sitting for 5 minutes. The average of 3 readings 1-2 min. apart were used in the analysis.~The change in the double-blind period was calculated from the end of active treatment at week 12 to the Baseline (Randomization) using Analysis of Covariance with treatment and region as factors and baseline msDBP as a covariate.~The change in the treatment interruption period was calculated from day 7 of the withdrawal period at week 13 to the end of the active treatment using Analysis of Variance with treatment and region as factors." (NCT00865020)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 weeks, 13 weeks

,
InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Double-Blind Period (n1=374,371)Treatment Interruption Period (n2=369,363)
Aliskiren 300 mg-6.350.03
Telmisartan 80 mg-6.602.69

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Change in 24-hr Mean Ambulatory Systolic Blood Pressure (MASBP) and Mean Ambulatory Diastolic Blood Pressure (MADBP) From Baseline to Day 7 of the Withdrawal Period

An Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitor measured a participants's blood pressure over a 24 hour period using an automated validated monitoring device at Baseline (at Randomization) and at week 13 (day 7 of the withdrawal period). The 4 Hour MASBP and MADBP was calculated by taking the mean of all Ambulatory Blood Pressure readings during the 24 hour period. The difference of the 24 hour measurements from baseline to day 7 of the withdrawal period were calculated using a two way analysis of variance with treatment and region as factors and baseline as a covariate. (NCT00865020)
Timeframe: Baseline, 13 weeks

,
InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
MASBPMADBP
Aliskiren 300 mg-8.39-5.05
Telmisartan 80 mg-5.59-3.44

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Change in 24 Hour (24-Hr) Mean Ambulatory Systolic Blood Pressure (MASBP) From the End of the Active Treatment Period to Day 7 of the Withdrawal Period

An Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitor measured a participants's blood pressure over a 24 hour period using an automated validated monitoring device at week 12 (end of the active treatment) and at week 13 (end of the day 7 withdrawal period). The 24 Hour MASBP was calculated by taking the mean of all Ambulatory Systolic Blood Pressure readings for the 24 hour period. The difference of the 24 hour MASBP from the end of the active treatment to Day 7 of the treatment withdrawal period was calculated using a two way analysis of variance with treatment and region as factors. (NCT00865020)
Timeframe: 12 weeks, 13 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Aliskiren 300 mg2.70
Telmisartan 80 mg6.51

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Change in 24 Hour (24-hr) Mean Ambulatory Diastolic Blood Pressure (MADBP) From the End of the Active Treatment Period to Day 7 of the Withdrawal Period

An Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitor measured a participants's blood pressure over a 24 hour period using an automated validated monitoring device at week 12 (end of the active treatment) and at week 13 (end of the day 7 withdrawal period). The 24 Hour MADBP was calculated by taking the mean of all Ambulatory Diastolic Blood Pressure readings for the 24 hour period. The difference of the 24 hour MADBP from the end of the active treatment to Day 7 of the withdrawal period was calculated using a two way analysis of variance with treatment and region as factors. (NCT00865020)
Timeframe: 12 weeks, 13 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Aliskiren 300 mg2.09
Telmisartan 80 mg4.21

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SBP Control 130 at Six Weeks

Mean seated SBP < 130 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 6

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg164
Amlodipine 10 mg81

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SBP Control 130 at One Week

Mean seated SBP < 130 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 1

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 5 mg50
Amlodipine 5 mg26

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SBP Control 130 at Four Weeks

Mean seated SBP < 130 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 4

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg137
Amlodipine 10 mg70

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SBP Control 130 at Eight Weeks

Mean seated SBP < 130 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 8

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg157
Amlodipine 10 mg89

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DBP Response at Week Two

Mean seated DBP <80 mmHg or a reduction of >=10 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Week 2

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 5 mg206
Amlodipine 5 mg166

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SBP Response 130 at Eight Weeks

SBP <130 mmHg or a reduction >=10 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 8

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg309
Amlodipine 10 mg288

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DBP Response at Week One

Mean seated DBP <80 mmHg or a reduction of >=10 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Week 1

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 5 mg165
Amlodipine 5 mg113

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DBP Response at Week Four

Mean seated DBP <80 mmHg or a reduction of >=10 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Week 4

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg250
Amlodipine 10 mg190

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DBP Response at Six Weeks

Mean seated DBP<80 mmHg or a reduction of <=10 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: week 6

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg275
Amlodipine 10 mg214

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Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) Control 140 at Eight Weeks

Mean seated SBP < 140 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 8

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg243
Amlodipine 10 mg187

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SBP Response 140 at Two Weeks

SBP <140 mmHg or a reduction >=10 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 2

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 5 mg297
Amlodipine 5 mg246

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SBP Response 140 at Six Weeks

SBP <140 mmHg or a reduction >=10 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 6

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg318
Amlodipine 10 mg286

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SBP Response 140 at One Week

SBP <140 mmHg or a reduction >=10 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 1

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 5 mg253
Amlodipine 5 mg201

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DBP Response at Eight Weeks

Mean seated DBP<80 mmHg or a reduction of <=10 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Week 8

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg253
Amlodipine 10 mg214

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Change From Baseline in Urine Albumin:Creatinine Ratio (UACR)

Change from baseline in UACR (measured in spot urine) after eight weeks of treatment (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionratio (Mean)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg-0.36
Amlodipine 10 mg0.04

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Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure to Week 6

Trough blood pressure measurements were the measurements observed at the end of the dosing interval just prior to the next dose of medication. (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 6

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg-29.7
Amlodipine 10 mg-22.6

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Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure to Week 4

Trough blood pressure measurements were the measurements observed at the end of the dosing interval just prior to the next dose of medication. (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 4

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg-27.7
Amlodipine 10 mg-21.1

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Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure to Week 2

Trough blood pressure measurements were the measurements observed at the end of the dosing interval just prior to the next dose of medication. (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 2

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 5 mg-22.4
Amlodipine 5 mg-16.4

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Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure to Week 1

Trough blood pressure measurements were the measurements observed at the end of the dosing interval just prior to the next dose of medication. (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 1

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 5 mg-17.5
Amlodipine 5 mg-12.6

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BP Control (SBP<140 mmHg, DBP<90 mmHg) at Two Weeks

Mean seated SBP<140 mmHg and mean seated DBP<90 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 2

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 5 mg184
Amlodipine 5 mg103

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BP Control (SBP<140 mmHg, DBP<90 mmHg) at Six Weeks

Mean seated SBP<140 mmHg and mean seated DBP<90 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 6

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg245
Amlodipine 10 mg168

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BP Control (SBP<140 mmHg, DBP<90 mmHg) at One Week

Mean seated SBP<140 mmHg and mean seated DBP<90 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 1

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 5 mg130
Amlodipine 5 mg72

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SBP Response 140 at Eight Weeks

SBP < 140 mmHg or a reduction >=10 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 8

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg309
Amlodipine 10 mg288

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BP Control (SBP<140 mmHg, DBP<90 mmHg) at Four Weeks

Mean seated SBP<140 mmHg and mean seated DBP<90 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 4

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg235
Amlodipine 10 mg155

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BP Control (SBP<130 mmHg, DBP<80 mmHg) at Two Weeks

Mean seated SBP<130 mmHg and mean seated DBP<80 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 2

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 5 mg58
Amlodipine 5 mg23

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BP Control (SBP<130 mmHg, DBP<80 mmHg) at Six Weeks

Mean seated SBP<130 mmHg and mean seated DBP<80 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 6

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg134
Amlodipine 10 mg60

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BP Control (SBP<130 mmHg, DBP<80 mmHg) at One Week

Mean seated SBP<130 mmHg and mean seated DBP<80 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 1

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 5 mg35
Amlodipine 5 mg12

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BP Control (SBP<130 mmHg, DBP<80 mmHg) at Four Weeks

Mean seated SBP<130 mmHg and mean seated DBP<80 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 4

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg94
Amlodipine 10 mg38

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BP Control (SBP<130 mmHg, DBP<80 mmHg) at Eight Weeks

Mean seated SBP<130 mmHg and mean seated DBP<80 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 8

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg121
Amlodipine 10 mg59

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Blood Pressure (BP) Control (SBP<140 mmHg, DBP<90 mmHg) at Eight Weeks

Mean seated SBP<140 mmHg and mean seated DBP<90 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 8

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg237
Amlodipine 10 mg177

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SBP Response 140 at Four Weeks

SBP <140 mmHg or a reduction >=10 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 4

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg309
Amlodipine 10 mg274

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Change From Baseline in Trough Seated Systolic Blood Pressure to Week 8

Trough blood pressure measurements were the measurements observed at the end of the dosing interval just prior to the next dose of medication. (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 8

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg-29.0
Amlodipine 10 mg-22.9

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SBP Response 130 at Two Weeks

SBP <130 mmHg or a reduction >=10 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 2

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 5 mg297
Amlodipine 5 mg246

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SBP Response 130 at Six Weeks

SBP <130 mmHg or a reduction >=10 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 6

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg318
Amlodipine 10 mg286

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SBP Response 130 at One Week

SBP <130 mmHg or a reduction >=10 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 1

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 5 mg253
Amlodipine 5 mg199

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SBP Response 130 at Four Weeks

SBP <130 mmHg or a reduction >=10 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 4

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg309
Amlodipine 10 mg274

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SBP Control 140 at Two Weeks

Mean seated SBP < 140 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 2

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 5 mg193
Amlodipine 5 mg112

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SBP Control 140 at Six Weeks

Mean seated SBP < 140 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 6

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg251
Amlodipine 10 mg177

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SBP Control 140 at One Week

Mean seated SBP < 140 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 1

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 5 mg141
Amlodipine 5 mg81

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SBP Control 140 at Four Weeks

Mean seated SBP < 140 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 4

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg243
Amlodipine 10 mg163

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SBP Control 130 at Two Weeks

Mean seated SBP < 130 mmHg (NCT00877929)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 2

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80 mg + Amlodipine 5 mg92
Amlodipine 5 mg42

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Efficacy (Change of Diastolic Blood Pressure)

Change from baseline in 24h diastolic blood pressure (BP) at week 8 (NCT00879411)
Timeframe: baseline to 8 weeks

Interventionmm Hg (Mean)
Telmisartan, Hydrochlorothiazide4.7

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Overall Tolerability Scale

Safety and tolerability of Micardis® in the treatment of patients with hypertension over 8 weeks, using 10 point Likert scale with worst score=1, best score=10 (NCT00879411)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Telmisartan, Hydrochlorothiazide9.2

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Efficacy (Change of Systolic Blood Pressure)

Change from baseline in 24h systolic blood pressure (BP) at week 8 (NCT00879411)
Timeframe: baseline to 8 weeks

Interventionmm Hg (Mean)
Telmisartan, Hydrochlorothiazide8.6

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Treatment Patterns

Treatment patterns observed at the end of the study as Micardis monotherapy, Micardis Plus 12.5 and Micardis Plus 25 (with or without changes in concomitant antihypertensive medications). (NCT00890084)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of patients (Number)
Telmisartan 40mgTelmisartan 80mgTelmisartan 40/12,5mgTelmisartan 80/12,5mgTelmisartan 80/25mg
Telmisartan or Telmisartan + Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)4.749.43.329.712.6

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Percentage of Prescribers Who Adhered to European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology (ESH/ESC) Guidelines 2007

Blood pressure should be reduced to at least below 140/90 mm Hg (systolic/diastolic),and to lower values, if tolerated, in all hypertensive patients. Target blood pressure should be lower than 130/80 mmHg in diabetics and in high or very high risk patients (NCT00890084)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventionpercentage of prescribers (Number)
Telmisartan or Telmisartan + Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)47.7

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Percentage of Patients With Blood Pressure < 140/90 mm Hg

% of high risk patients with Blood Pressure < 140/90 mm Hg (NCT00890084)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Telmisartan or Telmisartan + Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)69.6

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Percentage of Patients With Blood Pressure < 130/80 mm Hg

(NCT00890084)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Telmisartan or Telmisartan + Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)13.2

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Percentage of Patients in Whom the Prescriber Decide to Further Lower the Blood Pressure to < 130/80 mm Hg

(NCT00890084)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Telmisartan or Telmisartan + Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)11.7

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Change in Concomitant Antihypertensive Drugs Given at Study Entry

Percentage of patients who had a change in concomitant antihypertensive drugs prescribed at initiation and after 12 weeks. The antihypertensive drugs were changed (which is stopped, titration of dose and started) or not. (NCT00890084)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Telmisartan or Telmisartan + Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)13.6

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BP Response Rate (Drop of Systolic BP of 10mmHg or More)

BP response rate (drop of systolic BP of ≥ 10mmHg) after approximately 12 weeks of treatment with telmisartan (alone or in fixed combination with HCTZ) (NCT00890084)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of patients (Number)
Telmisartan or Telmisartan + Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)91.85

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Absolute Blood Pressure Decrease

systolic blood pressure (NCT00890084)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

Interventionmm Hg (Mean)
Telmisartan or Telmisartan + Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)23.2

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Change in DBP (Diastolic Blood Pressure)

The change of the mean DBP (NCT00904215)
Timeframe: between baseline (visit 1) and after 12 weeks of treatment (visit 3)

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Micardis/Micardis Plus-10

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Change in SBP (Systolic Blood Pressure)

The change of the mean SBP (NCT00904215)
Timeframe: between baseline (visit 1) and after 12 weeks of treatment (visit 3)

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Micardis/Micardis Plus-18

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Change in WHO-QOL (WHO-Quality Of Life)

"World Health Organization-Quality Of Life (WHO-QOL), change in quality of life was assessed.~Best value=130.0 (highest quality of life), worst value=0.0 (lowest quality of life)" (NCT00904215)
Timeframe: between baseline (visit 1) and after 12 weeks of treatment (visit 3)

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Micardis/Micardis Plus2.5

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Change in VAS (Visual Analog Scale)

VAS indicates the health status of the patient. Best value=100.0 (best health status), worst value=0.0 (worst health status) (NCT00904215)
Timeframe: between baseline (visit 1) and after 12 weeks of treatment (visit 3)

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Micardis/Micardis Plus5.9

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Change From Baseline in Mean Seated Trough Cuff Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) to Week 7

The DBP value at baseline was subtracted from the DBP value at Week 7. (NCT00926289)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 7

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Telmisartan 40/80 mg-15.4
Telmisartan 40/80 mg + HCTZ 12.5/25 mg-18.6

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Change From Baseline in Mean Seated Trough Cuff SBP to Week 3

The SBP value at baseline was subtracted from the SBP value at Week 3. (NCT00926289)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 3

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Telmisartan 40/80 mg-26.5
Telmisartan 40/80 mg + HCTZ 12.5/25 mg-33.3

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Change From Baseline in Mean Seated Trough Cuff SBP to Week 5

The SBP value at baseline was subtracted from the SBP value at Week 5. (NCT00926289)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 5

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Telmisartan 40/80 mg-28.6
Telmisartan 40/80 mg + HCTZ 12.5/25 mg-35.8

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Change From Baseline in Mean Seated Trough Cuff Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) to Week 7

The SBP value at baseline was subtracted from the SBP value at Week 7. (NCT00926289)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 7

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Telmisartan 40/80 mg-28.5
Telmisartan 40/80 mg + HCTZ 12.5/25 mg-37.0

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Number of Participants With DBP Response at Week 7

DBP response is defined as DBP<90 mmHg or a reduction of >= 10 mmHg (NCT00926289)
Timeframe: Week 7 timepoint

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 40/80 mg202
Telmisartan 40/80 mg + HCTZ 12.5/25 mg483

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Number of Patients With Blood Pressure (BP) Control at Week 7

BP control is defined as SBP<140 mmHg and DBP < 90 mmHg and is adjusted for baseline SBP (NCT00926289)
Timeframe: Week 7 timepoint

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 40/80 mg99
Telmisartan 40/80 mg + HCTZ 12.5/25 mg318

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Number of Patients With BP Control at Week 7

BP control is defined as SBP<140 mmHg and DBP < 90 mmHg and is adjusted for baseline DBP (NCT00926289)
Timeframe: Week 7 timepoint

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 40/80 mg99
Telmisartan 40/80 mg + HCTZ 12.5/25 mg318

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Number of Patients With SBP Control (SBP < 140 mmHg) at Week 7

SBP control is defined as SBP < 140 mmHg. (NCT00926289)
Timeframe: Week 7 timepoint

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 40/80 mg122
Telmisartan 40/80 mg + HCTZ 12.5/25 mg363

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Number of Patients With Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) Response at Week 7

SBP response is defined as SBP<140 mmHg or a reduction of >= 15 mmHg (NCT00926289)
Timeframe: Week 7 timepoint

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 40/80 mg233
Telmisartan 40/80 mg + HCTZ 12.5/25 mg527

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Number of Patients With SBP Control (SBP < 140 mmHg) at Week 3

SBP control is defined as SBP < 140 mmHg (NCT00926289)
Timeframe: Week 3 timepoint

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 40/80 mg97
Telmisartan 40/80 mg + HCTZ 12.5/25 mg306

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Number of Patients With DBP Control (DBP < 90 mmHg) at Week 7

DBP control is defined as DBP<90 mmHg (NCT00926289)
Timeframe: Week 7 timepoint

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 40/80 mg150
Telmisartan 40/80 mg + HCTZ 12.5/25 mg389

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Number of Patients With DBP Control (DBP < 90 mmHg) at Week 5

DBP control is defined as DBP<90 mmHg (NCT00926289)
Timeframe: Week 5 timepoint

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 40/80 mg150
Telmisartan 40/80 mg + HCTZ 12.5/25 mg391

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Number of Patients With DBP Control (DBP < 90 mmHg) at Week 3

DBP control is defined as DBP<90 mmHg (NCT00926289)
Timeframe: Week 3 timepoint

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 40/80 mg131
Telmisartan 40/80 mg + HCTZ 12.5/25 mg343

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BP Categories at Week 7

"BP categories comprise:~BP optimal (SBP <120 mmHg and DBP <80 mmHg)~BP normal (SBP <130 mmHg and DBP <85 mmHg but not 'optimal')~BP high normal (SBP <140 mmHg and DBP <90 mmHg but not 'normal')~Grade 1 hypertension (SBP <160 mmHg and DBP <100 mmHg but not 'high normal')~Grade 2 hypertension (SBP <180 mmHg and DBP <110 mmHg but not 'Grade 1 hypertension')~Grade 3 hypertension (SBP ≥180 mmHg or DBP ≥110 mmHg)" (NCT00926289)
Timeframe: Week 7 timepoint

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
BP optimalBP normalBP high normalGrade 1 hypertensionGrade 2 hypertensionGrade 3 hypertension
Telmisartan 40/80 mg636571204422
Telmisartan 40/80 mg + HCTZ 12.5/25 mg441361381865811

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Number of Patients With SBP Control (SBP < 140 mmHg) at Week 5

SBP control is defined as SBP < 140 mmHg (NCT00926289)
Timeframe: Week 5 timepoint

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 40/80 mg119
Telmisartan 40/80 mg + HCTZ 12.5/25 mg355

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Lipid Metabolism - LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol

Lipid metabolism - fasting low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) are estimated in both experimental and placebo arms at 12 weeks. (NCT00981526)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

,
Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
LDL-cholesterolHDL-cholesterol
A: Experimental10741.05
B: Placebo107.8543.18

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Triglycerides

Fasting triglycerides assessed in both experimental and placebo arm at week 12. (NCT00981526)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
A: Telmisartan154.15
B: Placebo176.72

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Insulin Resistance

Insulin resistance as estimated by homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at week 12 in both the experimental and placebo arm. Insulin resistance is a condition in which cells fail to respond to the normal action of the hormone in the body. The HOMA-IR is calculated using a subject's fasting plasma insulin and glucose levels. The higher the score, the higher the level of insulin resistance. (NCT00981526)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionHOMA-IR scores (Mean)
A: Telmisartan1.9997
B: Placebo2.5824

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Body Composition: Waist to Hip Ratio

Body composition as estimated by waist to hip ratio in both experimental and placebo arms at 12 weeks. (NCT00981526)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionRatio (Mean)
A: Telmisartan0.99
B: Placebo0.95

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Body Composition: Percent Total Body Fat

Body composition estimated by percent total body fat as measured by a dual energy absorptiometry (DXA) scan in both experimental and placebo arms at 12 weeks. (NCT00981526)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventionpercentage of body fat (Mean)
A: Telmisartan31.9
B: Placebo31.28

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Psychopathology - PANSS Total, PANSS - Negative Score, PANNS - Positive Score and SANS - Total Scores.

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) were used to assess the positive and negative symptoms in experimental and placebo arms at 12 weeks. The PANSS total scale includes positive and negative subscales. For both subscales, the score ranges from 7-49 and total PANSS score ranges from 30-210. The total scale is a summation of all the subscales. The SANS score ranges from 0-100. For all scales, a greater score represents a worse outcome. (NCT00981526)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
PANSS total scorePANSS negative scorePANSS positive scoreSANS total score
A: Experimental67.4119.5515.5027.82
B: Placebo71.0519.9516.6829.28

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Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)

DBP is observed at Week 0 and Week 52. The change of DBP from Week 0 to Week 52 is calculated. (NCT01050062)
Timeframe: Week 0 and Week 52

,,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Week 0Week 52Change from Week 0 to Week 52
Combination Tablet AP84.775.2-9.5
Combination Tablet BP84.675.5-9.1
Total84.775.3-9.4

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Incidence of Adverse Events (AEs)

The number of patient with any AEs, patients with drug-related AEs (NCT01050062)
Timeframe: Week 52

,,
InterventionPatients (Number)
patient with any AEspatients with drug-related AEs
Combination Tablet AP221154
Combination Tablet BP7246
Total293200

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Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)

SBP is observed at Week 0 and Week 52. The change of SBP from Week 0 to Week 52 is calculated. (NCT01050062)
Timeframe: Week 0 and Week 52

,,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Week 0Week 52Change from Week 0 to Week 52
Combination Tablet AP152.9132.2-20.7
Combination Tablet BP155.4134.7-20.7
Total153.5132.8-20.7

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Blood Pressure Normalised Rate

The proportion of the patients with normalized blood pressure in 52 weeks on administrative period. Normalized blood pressure is defined less than 140/90 (SBP/DBP) mmHg according to JSH2009 (NCT01050062)
Timeframe: Week 52

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Combination Tablet AP70.7
Combination Tablet BP61.1
Total68.3

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Target Blood Pressure Achievement Rate

The proportion of the patients with target blood pressure in 52 weeks administrative period. Target blood pressure is defined as 'Guidelines for the management of hypertension (JSH2009)': less than 140/90 (SBP/DBP) mmHg for >= 65 years old or cerebrovascular disorder patient; less than 130/80 in diabetes, chronic kidney disease or myocardial infarction patient; less than 130/85 mmHg for others patient. (NCT01050062)
Timeframe: Week 52

InterventionPercentage of patients (Number)
Combination Tablet AP52.9
Combination Tablet BP43.2
Total50.5

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Median Change in Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) Volume

VAT volume was quantified at each timepoint by L4-L5 single slice computed tomography (NCT01088295)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks

Interventioncm^2 (Median)
Telmisartan-4.6

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Number of Patients in Blood Pressure Categories Over Time

BP optimal: SBP <120 mmHg and DBP <80 mmHg, BP normal: SBP <130 mmHg and DBP <85 mmHg but not optimal, BP high-normal: SBP <140 mmHg and DBP <90 mmHg but not normal. Grade 1 hypertension: SBP <160 mmHg and DBP <100 mmHg but not high-normal, Grade 2 hypertension: SBP <180 mmHg and DBP <110 mmHg but not grade 1, Grade 3 hypertension: SBP >=180 mmHg or DBP >=110 mmHg. (NCT01103960)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

,
InterventionNumber of participants (Number)
BP optimalBP normalBP high-normalGrade 1 hypertensionGrade 2 hypertensionGrade 3 hypertension
A5 Alone7333269153
T80/A51136534852

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DBP and SBP Control and Response After 8 Weeks of Treatment

DBP control is defined as DBP <90 mmHg or <80 mmHg in patients with diabetes or renal impairment. SBP control is defined as SBP <140 mmHg or <130 mmHg in patients with diabetes or renal impairment. DBP response is defined as DBP <90 mmHg or <80 mmHg in patients with diabetes or renal impairment or a reduction from baseline >=10mmHg. SBP response is defined as SBP<140 mmHg or <130 mmHg in patients with diabetes or renal impairment or a reduction from baseline >=15mmHg. (NCT01103960)
Timeframe: Baseline and 8 weeks

,
InterventionNumber of participants (Number)
DBP controlSBP controlDBP responseSBP response
A5 Alone85100101120
T80/A5112119124131

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DBP and SBP Control and Response After 4 Weeks of Treatment

DBP control is defined as DBP <90 mmHg or <80 mmHg in patients with diabetes or renal impairment. SBP control is defined as SBP <140 mmHg or <130 mmHg in patients with diabetes or renal impairment. DBP response is defined as DBP <90 mmHg or <80 mmHg in patients with diabetes or renal impairment or a reduction from baseline >=10mmHg. SBP response is defined as SBP<140 mmHg or <130 mmHg in patients with diabetes or renal impairment or a reduction from baseline >=15mmHg. (NCT01103960)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 weeks

,
InterventionNumber of participants (Number)
DBP controlSBP controlDBP responseSBP response
A5 Alone719187108
T80/A595103108124

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Clinically Relevant Abnormalities for Physical Examination, Pulse Rate, Laboratory Parameters and ECG.

Clinically relevant abnormalities for Physical examination, pulse rate, laboratory parameters and ECG. New abnormal findings or worsening of baseline conditions were reported as Adverse Events. (NCT01103960)
Timeframe: From drug administration until end of treatment plus one day

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Atrial fibrilationMyocardial ischaemiaBlood glucose increasedProtein urine presentAlanine aminotransferase increasedBlood creatinine phosphokinase increasedBlood creatinine increasedBlood glucose abnormalHeart rate increased
A5 Alone011201010
T80/A5104110111

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Change From Baseline in SBP After 8 Weeks of Treatment

Seated trough SBP after 8 weeks or LOCF. Analysis will be adjusted for treatment, country, and baseline measurement of endpoint. (NCT01103960)
Timeframe: Baseline and 8 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
A5 Alone-11.66
T80/A5-16.15

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Change From Baseline in SBP After 4 Weeks of Treatment

Seated trough SBP after 4 weeks. (NCT01103960)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
A5 Alone-8.19
T80/A5-12.10

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Number of Patients in Blood Pressure Categories at 4 Weeks

BP optimal: SBP <120 mmHg and DBP <80 mmHg, BP normal: SBP <130 mmHg and DBP <85 mmHg but not optimal, BP high-normal: SBP <140 mmHg and DBP <90 mmHg but not normal. Grade 1 hypertension: SBP <160 mmHg and DBP <100 mmHg but not high-normal, Grade 2 hypertension: SBP <180 mmHg and DBP <110 mmHg but not grade 1, Grade 3 hypertension: SBP >=180 mmHg or DBP >=110 mmHg. (NCT01103960)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

,
InterventionNumber of participants (Number)
BP optimalBP normalBP high-normalGrade 1 hypertensionGrade 2 hypertensionGrade 3 hypertension
A5 Alone1203581175
T80/A57264462151

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Change From Baseline in DBP After 8 Weeks of Treatment in Chinese Patients

Seated trough DBP after 8 weeks or LOCF in Chinese patients. Analysis will be adjusted for treatment and baseline measurement of endpoint. (NCT01103960)
Timeframe: Baseline and 8 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
A5 Alone-8.85
T80/A5-10.77

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Change From Baseline in DBP After 8 Weeks of Treatment

Seated trough DBP after 8 weeks or last observation carried forward (LOCF). Analysis will be adjusted for treatment, country, and baseline measurement of endpoint. (NCT01103960)
Timeframe: Baseline and 8 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
A5 Alone-10.19
T80/A5-12.38

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Change From Baseline in DBP After 4 Weeks of Treatment

Seated trough DBP after 4 weeks. (NCT01103960)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
A5 Alone-7.51
T80/A5-9.41

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Number of Participants Not Completing Study

Number of participants discontinuing study early for given reason (NCT01108809)
Timeframe: 3rd visit (6 months)

InterventionNumber of participants (Number)
Adverse EventLost to follow up
Micardis® 80mg MicardisPlus® 80/12.5 mg31

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Change in Heart Rate From Baseline to Study End

(NCT01108809)
Timeframe: From baseline to visit 3 (6 months)

Interventionbeats / minute (Mean)
Micardis® 80 mg/ MicardisPlus® 80/12.5 mg; 80/25 mg-7.6

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Change in Systolic Blood Pressure From Baseline to Study End

(NCT01108809)
Timeframe: From baseline to visit 3 (6 months)

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Micardis® 80 mg/ MicardisPlus® 80/12.5 mg; 80/25 mg-39.2

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Number of Patients With Adverse Events (AE)

(NCT01108809)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionNumber of participants (Number)
Micardis® 80mg MicardisPlus® 80/12.5 mg4

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Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure From Baseline to Study End

(NCT01108809)
Timeframe: From baseline to visit 3 (6 months)

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Micardis® 80 mg/ MicardisPlus® 80/12.5 mg; 80/25 mg-17.8

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Additional Antihypertensive Treatment Pattern at Visit 3 (End of Study)

(NCT01108809)
Timeframe: 6 Months

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
ACE inhibitorsDiureticsCalcium Channel BlockersBeta BlockersOther
Micardis® 80 mg/ MicardisPlus® 80/12.5 mg; 80/25 mg16.934.839.375.120.9

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Evolution of the Cardiovascular Risk Factor Framingham From Baseline to Study End

10-year risk for hard coronary heart disease (CHD) outcomes (Myocardial Infarction and coronary death), according to Framingham Heart Study, measured in percent. Low risk (10 or less CHD risk at 10 years), intermediate risk (10-20), high risk (20 or more). Investigator judgement of evolution of Framingham risk score from baseline to end of study. (Positive = reduction in CV risk; Neutral = no change in CV risk; Negative = deterioration in CV risk; Missing = no data available) (NCT01108809)
Timeframe: From baseline to visit 3 (6 months)

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
PositiveNeutralNegativeMissing
Micardis® 80 mg/ MicardisPlus® 80/12.5 mg; 80/25 mg58.310.20.331.2

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Percentage of Patients That Achieve Target Blood Pressure Values According to the European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology (ESH/ESC)

ESH/ESC a goal of treatment to be below values 130/80 mm/Hg for diabetic patients and below 140/90 mmHg for non-diabetic patients (NCT01108809)
Timeframe: Visit 3 (6 months from baseline)

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Micardis® 80 mg/ MicardisPlus® 80/12.5 mg; 80/25 mg57.3

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Evolution of the Cardiovascular Risk Factor SCORE From Baseline to Study End

A 10 year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) in populations at high risk. Minimum 0 percent risk to Maximum 47 percent risk. Investigator judgement of evolution of SCORE from baseline to end of study. (Positive = reduction in CV risk; Neutral = no change in CV risk; Negative = deterioration in CV risk; Missing = no data available) (NCT01108809)
Timeframe: From baseline to visit 3 (6 months)

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
PositiveNeutralNegativeMissing
Micardis® 80 mg/ MicardisPlus® 80/12.5 mg; 80/25 mg64.88.80.326.1

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Evolution of the European Society of Hypertension / European Society of Cardiology (ESH/ESC) Based Cardiovascular Risk Factor From Baseline to Study End

ESH is the European society of hypertension, and ESC is the European society of cardiology. Investigator judgement of evolution of CV risk based on ESH/ ESC criteria from baseline to end of study. (Positive = reduction in CV risk; Neutral = no change in CV risk; Negative = deterioration in CV risk; Missing = no data available) (NCT01108809)
Timeframe: From baseline to visit 3 (6 months)

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
PositiveNeutralNegativeMissing
Micardis® 80 mg/ MicardisPlus® 80/12.5 mg; 80/25 mg65.112.90.321.7

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DBP and SBP Control and Response Rates After 4, 8 and 12 Weeks of Treatment Using In-clinic BP Measurements

DBP control is defined as DBP <90 mmHg or <80 mmHg in patients with diabetes or renal impairment. SBP control is defined as SBP <140 mmHg or <130 mmHg in patients with diabetes or renal impairment. DBP response is defined as DBP <90 mmHg or <80 mmHg in patients with diabetes or renal impairment or a reduction from baseline >=10mmHg. SBP response is defined as SBP<140 mmHg or <130 mmHg in patients with diabetes or renal impairment or a reduction from baseline >=15mmHg. (NCT01134393)
Timeframe: weeks 4, 8 and 12

InterventionNumber of participants (Number)
Week 4 DBP controlWeek 8 DBP controlWeek 12 DBP controlWeek 4 SBP controlWeek 8 SBP controlWeek 12 SBP controlWeek 4 DBP responseWeek 8 DBP responseWeek 12 DBP responseWeek 4 SBP responseWeek 8 SBP responseWeek 12 SBP response
T80/A5313368373247305311329393399337388393

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Percentage of Patients in Blood Pressure Categories Over Time

BP optimal: SBP <120 mmHg and DBP <80 mmHg, BP normal: SBP <130 mmHg and DBP <85 mmHg but not optimal, BP high-normal: SBP <140 mmHg and DBP <90 mmHg but not normal. Grade 1 hypertension: SBP <160 mmHg and DBP <100 mmHg but not high-normal, Grade 2 hypertension: SBP <180 mmHg and DBP <110 mmHg but not grade 1, Grade 3 hypertension: SBP >=180 mmHg or DBP >=110 mmHg. (NCT01134393)
Timeframe: weeks 4, 8 and 12

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
BP optimal at week 4 (N=482)BP normal at week 4 (N=482)BP high-normal at week 4 (N=482)Grade 1 hypertension at week 4 (N=482)Grade 2 hypertension at week 4 (N=482)Grade 3 hypertension at week 4 (N=482)BP optimal at week 8 (N=487)BP normal at week 8 (N=487)BP high-normal at week 8 (N=487)Grade 1 hypertension at week 8 (N=487)Grade 2 hypertension at week 8 (N=487)Grade 3 hypertension at week 8 (N=487)BP optimal at week 12 (N=487)BP normal at week 12 (N=487)BP high-normal at week 12 (N=487)Grade 1 hypertension at week 12 (N=487)Grade 2 hypertension at week 12 (N=487)Grade 3 hypertension at week 12 (N=487)
T80/A54.119.730.539.06.20.45.522.240.027.74.30.24.528.535.527.14.10.2

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DBP and SBP Control and Response Rates Morning and Evening Over Time HBPM Measurements

DBP control: DBP <85 mmHg, SBP control: SBP <135 mmHg, DBP response: DBP <85 mmHg or a reduction from baseline >=10 mmHg, SBP response: SBP <135 mmHg or a reduction from baseline >= 15 mmHg (NCT01134393)
Timeframe: weeks 4, 8 and 12

InterventionNumber of participants (Number)
DBP control morning at week 4DBP control morning at week 8DBP control morning at week 12DBP control evening at week 4DBP control evening at week 8DBP control evening at week 12SBP control morning at week 4SBP control morning at week 8SBP control morning at week 12SBP control evening at week 4SBP control evening at week 8SBP control evening at week 12DBP response morning at week 4 (N=354)DBP response morning at week 8 (N=354)DBP response morning at week 12 (N=354)DBP response evening at week 4 (N=354)DBP response evening at week 8 (N=354)DBP response evening at week 12 (N=354)SBP response morning at week 4 (N=299)SBP response morning at week 8 (N=299)SBP response morning at week 12 (N=299)SBP response evening at week 4 (N=299)SBP response evening at week 8 (N=299)SBP response evening at week 12 (N=299)
T80/A5256242252272247263204198206204183190256242252272247263204198206204183190

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Change From Baseline Over Time in In-clinic Measured Mean SBP and Mean DBP

(NCT01134393)
Timeframe: weeks 4, 8 and 12

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Change at week 4 SBP (N=485)Change at week 8 SBP (N=487)Change at week 12 SBP (N=487)Change at week 4 DBP (N=485)Change at week 8 DBP (N=487)Change at week 12 DBP (N=487)
T80/A5-13.58-16.37-16.92-8.24-10.33-10.43

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Change From Baseline Over Time in In-clinic Measured Mean Pulse Rate

Pulse pressure was not analysed for this study instead pulse rate was analysed at weeks 4, 8 and 12. (NCT01134393)
Timeframe: weeks 4, 8 and 12

Interventionbpm (Mean)
Change at week 4 (N=482)Change at week 8 (N=463)Change at week 12 (N=344)
T80/A51.430.320.51

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BP Control After 4 and 8 Weeks of Treatment Using In-clinic BP Measurements.

Achieving BP control is defined as SBP<140 mmHg and DBP<90 mmHg. (NCT01134393)
Timeframe: 4 and 8 weeks

InterventionNumber of participants (Number)
Week 4Week 8
T80/A5262330

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Percentage of Patients Achieving Blood Pressure (BP) Control After 12 Weeks of Treatment Using In-clinic BP Measurements.

Achieving BP control is defined as SBP<140 mmHg and DBP<90 mmHg. (NCT01134393)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
T80/A567.6

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BP Control (Morning and Evening) After 12 Weeks of Treatment Using Home Blood Pressure Measurement (HBPM).

Achieving BP control with HBPM is defined as SBP<135 mmHg and DBP<85 mmHg. (NCT01134393)
Timeframe: Week 12

InterventionNumber of participants (Number)
MorningEvening
T80/A5179172

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Frequency of Patients Requiring Up-titration to Telmisartan 80mg Plus Amlodipine 10mg Combination (T80/A10) to Achieve Blood Pressure Control Over Time

(NCT01134393)
Timeframe: weeks 4 and 8

InterventionNumber of participants (Number)
Week 4 (n=482)Week 8 (n=284)
T80/A518646

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Tmax of Amlodipine

(NCT01181011)
Timeframe: 3 periods of single-dose treatment (8 days of sampling) separated by 21 days wash-outs

Interventionh (Mean)
Telmisartan 80mg, Amlodipine 5mg6.88
Amlodipine 5mg7.20

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V_z/F of Amlodipine

(NCT01181011)
Timeframe: 3 periods of single-dose treatment (8 days of sampling) separated by 21 days wash-outs

InterventionL (Mean)
Telmisartan 80mg, Amlodipine 5mg1241
Amlodipine 5mg1353

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λz of Amlodipine

(NCT01181011)
Timeframe: 3 periods of single-dose treatment (8 days of sampling) separated by 21 days wash-outs

Intervention1/h (Mean)
Telmisartan 80mg, Amlodipine 5mg0.0305
Amlodipine 5mg0.0323

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Number of Participants With Clinically Relevant Findings in Electrocardiogram (ECG), Vital Signs, Physical Finding or Laboratory Finding Abnormalities

(NCT01181011)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
ECG abnormalitiesVital signs abnormalitiesPhysical finding abnormalitiesLaboratory finding abnormalities
Amlodipine 5mg0000
Telmisartan 80mg0001
Telmisartan 80mg, Amlodipine 5mg0001

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Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From the Time of Dosing to Infinity (AUC_0-∞) of Telmisartan

(NCT01181011)
Timeframe: 3 periods of single-dose treatment (8 days of sampling) separated by 21 days wash-outs

Interventionng·h/mL (Geometric Mean)
Telmisartan 80mg, Amlodipine 5mg3420
Telmisartan 80mg3140

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Apparent Clearance of Telmisartan in Plasma Following Extravascular Administration (CL/F)

(NCT01181011)
Timeframe: 3 periods of single-dose treatment (8 days of sampling) separated by 21 days wash-outs

InterventionL/h (Mean)
Telmisartan 80mg, Amlodipine 5mg31.0
Telmisartan 80mg37.3

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Apparent Volume of Distribution During the Terminal Phase λz Following an Extravascular Administration (V_z/F) of Telmisartan

(NCT01181011)
Timeframe: 3 periods of single-dose treatment (8 days of sampling) separated by 21 days wash-outs

InterventionL (Mean)
Telmisartan 80mg, Amlodipine 5mg1021
Telmisartan 80mg1135

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Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of Telmisartan in Plasma Over the Time Interval From 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Data Point (AUC_0-tz)

(NCT01181011)
Timeframe: 3 periods of single-dose treatment (8 days of sampling) separated by 21 days wash-outs

Interventionng·h/mL (Geometric Mean)
Telmisartan 80mg, Amlodipine 5mg3200
Telmisartan 80mg2940

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AUC_0-∞ of Amlodipine

(NCT01181011)
Timeframe: 3 periods of single-dose treatment (8 days of sampling) separated by 21 days wash-outs

Interventionng·h/mL (Geometric Mean)
Telmisartan 80mg, Amlodipine 5mg225
Amlodipine 5mg210

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AUC_0-tz of Amlodipine

(NCT01181011)
Timeframe: 3 periods of single-dose treatment (8 days of sampling) separated by 21 days wash-outs

Interventionng·h/mL (Geometric Mean)
Telmisartan 80mg, Amlodipine 5mg206
Amlodipine 5mg192

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CL/F of Amlodipine

(NCT01181011)
Timeframe: 3 periods of single-dose treatment (8 days of sampling) separated by 21 days wash-outs

InterventionL/h (Mean)
Telmisartan 80mg, Amlodipine 5mg22.7
Amlodipine 5mg25.1

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Cmax of Amlodipine

(NCT01181011)
Timeframe: 3 periods of single-dose treatment (8 days of sampling) separated by 21 days of wash-outs

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Telmisartan 80mg, Amlodipine 5mg4.72
Amlodipine 5mg4.43

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Elimination Half-life (t_½) of Telmisartan

(NCT01181011)
Timeframe: 3 periods of single-dose treatment (8 days of sampling) separated by 21 days wash-outs

Interventionh (Mean)
Telmisartan 80mg, Amlodipine 5mg27.0
Telmisartan 80mg25.0

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Mean Residence Time of Telmisartan in the Body After Oral Administration (MRT_po)

(NCT01181011)
Timeframe: 3 periods of single-dose treatment (8 days of sampling) separated by 21 days wash-outs

Interventionh (Mean)
Telmisartan 80mg, Amlodipine 5mg20.0
Telmisartan 80mg18.4

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MRT_po of Amlodipine

(NCT01181011)
Timeframe: 3 periods of single-dose treatment (8 days of sampling) separated by 21 days wash-outs

Interventionh (Mean)
Telmisartan 80mg, Amlodipine 5mg44.3
Amlodipine 5mg43.7

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Number of Participants With at Least One Treatment Emergent Adverse Event

(NCT01181011)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 80mg, Amlodipine 5mg4
Telmisartan 80mg2
Amlodipine 5mg4

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t_½ of Amlodipine

(NCT01181011)
Timeframe: 3 periods of single-dose treatment (8 days of sampling) separated by 21 days wash-outs

Interventionh (Mean)
Telmisartan 80mg, Amlodipine 5mg38.8
Amlodipine 5mg38.6

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Terminal Rate Constant in Plasma (λz) of Telmisartan

reflect the speed of drug elimination in vivo (NCT01181011)
Timeframe: 3 periods of single-dose treatment (8 days of sampling) separated by 21 days wash-outs

Intervention1/h (Mean)
Telmisartan 80mg, Amlodipine 5mg0.0305
Telmisartan 80mg0.0323

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The Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Telmisartan

(NCT01181011)
Timeframe: 3 periods of single-dose treatment (8 days of sampling) separated by 21 days wash-outs

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Telmisartan 80mg, Amlodipine 5mg461
Telmisartan 80mg480

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Time to Attain Cmax (Tmax) of Telmisartan

(NCT01181011)
Timeframe: 3 periods of single-dose treatment (8 days of sampling) separated by 21 days wash-outs

Interventionh (Mean)
Telmisartan 80mg, Amlodipine 5mg1.22
Telmisartan 80mg1.16

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Rate of Change in Ascending Aorta Size Evaluated by Transthoracic Echocardiography (TEE)

Rate of change in ascending aorta size evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography (ECHO) at 3 years. Change is measured in centimeters squared (final measurement - baseline measurement). Time frame was scheduled for 5 years, however due to poor study participant and site recruitment study was closed early and final outcome measures taken at approximately 3 years. (NCT01202721)
Timeframe: The difference between baseline measures (2012-2013) and Year 3 measure (2015-2016)

Interventioncentimetres squared (Mean)
Atenolol-.9
Telmisartan-.2
Atenolol Placebo-1.6
Telmisartan Placebo.3

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Change From Baseline in Ascending Aorta Size, as Evaluated by MRI

The primary analyses include the evaluation of the effects of monotherapy (atenolol vs. placebo, telmisartan vs. placebo) on the change in aortic root size measured at 3 years. Change is measured in centimeters squared (final measurement - baseline measurement). Original outcome measure time frame was scheduled for 5 years, however due to poor study participant and site recruitment study was closed early and final outcome measures taken at approximately 3 years. (NCT01202721)
Timeframe: The difference between baseline measures (2012-2013) and Year 3 measure (2015-2016)

Interventioncentimeters squared (Mean)
Atenolol.6
Telmisartan.4
Atenolol Placebo.7
Telmisartan Placebo1

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Change From Baseline to End of Study in DBP and SBP

Manually measured in-clinic DBP and SBP (NCT01204398)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
DBP: Change from baseline to 2 weeksDBP: Change from baseline to 4 weeksDBP: Change from baseline to 8 weeksSBP: Change from baseline to 2 weeksSBP: Change from baseline to 4 weeksSBP: Change from baseline to 8 weeks
T80/A5-9.67-13.49-13.73-11.04-17.95-19.80

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Change From Baseline to End of Study in In-clinic Pulse Rate

(NCT01204398)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionbeats per minute (bpm) (Mean)
T80/A52.37

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ABPM Hourly Mean DBP and SBP at Baseline and the End of the Study, Starting 1 Hour After Dosing

DBP and SBP hourly means over the 24-hour dosing interval as measured by ABPM at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment (NCT01204398)
Timeframe: 0 and 8 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
DBP after 1 hour at baselineDBP after 2 hours at baselineDBP after 3 hours at baselineDBP after 4 hours at baselineDBP after 5 hours at baselineDBP after 6 hours at baselineDBP after 7 hours at baselineDBP after 8 hours at baselineDBP after 9 hours at baselineDBP after 10 hours at baselineDBP after 11 hours at baselineDBP after 12 hours at baselineDBP after 13 hours at baselineDBP after 14 hours at baselineDBP after 15 hours at baselineDBP after 16 hours at baselineDBP after 17 hours at baselineDBP after 18 hours at baselineDBP after 19 hours at baselineDBP after 20 hours at baselineDBP after 21 hours at baselineDBP after 22 hours at baselineDBP after 23 hours at baselineDBP after 24 hours at baselineDBP after 1 hour at the end of the studyDBP after 2 hours at the end of the studyDBP after 3 hours at the end of the studyDBP after 4 hours at the end of the studyDBP after 5 hours at the end of the studyDBP after 6 hours at the end of the studyDBP after 7 hours at the end of the studyDBP after 8 hours at the end of the studyDBP after 9 hours at the end of the studyDBP after 10 hours at the end of the studyDBP after 11 hours at the end of the studyDBP after 12 hours at the end of the studyDBP after 13 hours at the end of the studyDBP after 14 hours at the end of the studyDBP after 15 hours at the end of the studyDBP after 16 hours at the end of the studyDBP after 17 hours at the end of the studyDBP after 18 hours at the end of the studyDBP after 19 hours at the end of the studyDBP after 20 hours at the end of the studyDBP after 21 hours at the end of the studyDBP after 22 hours at the end of the studyDBP after 23 hours at the end of the studyDBP after 24 hours at the end of the studySBP after 1 hour at baselineSBP after 2 hours at baselineSBP after 3 hours at baselineSBP after 4 hours at baselineSBP after 5 hours at baselineSBP after 6 hours at baselineSBP after 7 hours at baselineSBP after 8 hours at baselineSBP after 9 hours at baselineSBP after 10 hours at baselineSBP after 11 hours at baselineSBP after 12 hours at baselineSBP after 13 hours at baselineSBP after 14 hours at baselineSBP after 15 hours at baselineSBP after 16 hours at baselineSBP after 17 hours at baselineSBP after 18 hours at baselineSBP after 19 hours at baselineSBP after 20 hours at baselineSBP after 21 hours at baselineSBP after 22 hours at baselineSBP after 23 hours at baselineSBP after 24 hours at baselineSBP after 1 hour at the end of the studySBP after 2 hours at the end of the studySBP after 3 hours at the end of the studySBP after 4 hours at the end of the studySBP after 5 hours at the end of the studySBP after 6 hours at the end of the studySBP after 7 hours at the end of the studySBP after 8 hours at the end of the studySBP after 9 hours at the end of the studySBP after 10 hours at the end of the studySBP after 11 hours at the end of the studySBP after 12 hours at the end of the studySBP after 13 hours at the end of the studySBP after 14 hours at the end of the studySBP after 15 hours at the end of the studySBP after 16 hours at the end of the studySBP after 17 hours at the end of the studySBP after 18 hours at the end of the studySBP after 19 hours at the end of the studySBP after 20 hours at the end of the studySBP after 21 hours at the end of the studySBP after 22 hours at the end of the studySBP after 23 hours at the end of the studySBP after 24 hours at the end of the study
T80/A5101.6101.7100.097.995.396.597.0100.6102.7100.497.995.993.692.089.489.188.088.888.490.391.497.6101.0101.889.187.186.386.285.384.881.185.888.987.584.382.880.480.177.977.375.575.776.679.682.483.887.287.0157.9156.5158.4152.6152.1152.6154.6157.3161.0157.6153.3150.0145.8146.3141.9142.2139.6137.8139.2142.2143.6148.5156.6158.2132.8130.2128.3130.6128.2128.8125.5129.7133.2131.7130.5126.6123.5124.2119.1117.8116.4116.1118.0121.7126.6129.3132.0133.1

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Change From Baseline in ABPM Hourly Mean DBP and SBP, Starting 1 Hour After Dosing

Changes from baseline in DBP and SBP hourly means over the 24-hour dosing interval as measured by ABPM after 8 weeks of treatment with T80/A5 (NCT01204398)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
DBP Change from baseline after 1 hourDBP Change from baseline after 2 hoursDBP Change from baseline after 3 hoursDBP Change from baseline after 4 hoursDBP Change from baseline after 5 hoursDBP Change from baseline after 6 hoursDBP Change from baseline after 7 hoursDBP Change from baseline after 8 hoursDBP Change from baseline after 9 hoursDBP Change from baseline after 10 hoursDBP Change from baseline after 11 hoursDBP Change from baseline after 12 hoursDBP Change from baseline after 13 hoursDBP Change from baseline after 14 hoursDBP Change from baseline after 15 hoursDBP Change from baseline after 16 hoursDBP Change from baseline after 17 hoursDBP Change from baseline after 18 hoursDBP Change from baseline after 19 hoursDBP Change from baseline after 20 hoursDBP Change from baseline after 21 hoursDBP Change from baseline after 22 hoursDBP Change from baseline after 23 hoursDBP Change from baseline after 24 hourSBP Change from baseline after 1 hourSBP Change from baseline after 2 hoursSBP Change from baseline after 3 hoursSBP Change from baseline after 4 hoursSBP Change from baseline after 5 hoursSBP Change from baseline after 6 hoursSBP Change from baseline after 7 hoursSBP Change from baseline after 8 hoursSBP Change from baseline after 9 hoursSBP Change from baseline after 10 hoursSBP Change from baseline after 11 hoursSBP Change from baseline after 12 hoursSBP Change from baseline after 13 hoursSBP Change from baseline after 14 hoursSBP Change from baseline after 15 hoursSBP Change from baseline after 16 hoursSBP Change from baseline after 17 hoursSBP Change from baseline after 18 hoursSBP Change from baseline after 19 hoursSBP Change from baseline after 20 hoursSBP Change from baseline after 21 hoursSBP Change from baseline after 22 hoursSBP Change from baseline after 23 hoursSBP Change from baseline after 24 hour
T80/A5-12.5-14.7-13.7-11.7-9.9-11.7-15.9-14.8-13.7-12.9-13.6-13.1-13.2-11.9-11.5-11.8-12.6-13.1-11.8-10.7-9.0-13.8-13.9-14.8-25.0-26.2-30.1-21.9-23.9-23.9-29.2-27.6-27.7-25.8-22.8-23.4-22.4-22.1-22.9-24.4-23.3-21.7-21.2-20.5-17.0-19.2-24.6-25.1

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DBP and SBP Change From Baseline in Mean 24-hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) Mean

ABPM measurements were taken every 20 minutes throughout the day and night by the validated SpaceLabs Model 90217 monitor. (NCT01204398)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
DBP change from baselineSBP change from baseline
T80/A5-12.76-23.82

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Treatment Emergent Adverse Events

Electrocardiogram, laboratory parameters and physical examinations were performed and any abnormal findings were recorded within the adverse events (NCT01204398)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Patients with any AEsPatients with severe AEsPatients with drug-related AEsPatients with AEs related to laboratory changes
T80/A54010

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Trough to Peak (T/P) Ratio for DBP and SBP After 8 Weeks of Treatment

Calculated on the basis of changes in hourly means from baseline. Trough is defined as the mean of the last three hours of the 24-hour dosing interval. Peak is the greatest reduction in hourly means in hours 2 to 8 after dosing. All measurements are using ABPM. (NCT01204398)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

InterventionRatio (Median)
DBP T/P ratio (N=23)SBP T/P ratio (N=25)
T80/A51.130.98

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Seated SBP Control Rate at Trough

SBP control rate: The rate of patients with controlled seated SBP at trough of less than 140 mmHg after the 8-week double-blind period At trough: 24-hour post-dosing (NCT01222520)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
NoYes
Telmisartan71.228.8
Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC26.074.0

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Seated DBP Response Rate at Trough

DBP response rate: The rate of patients who achieved an adequate response in seated DBP at trough (<90 mmHg and/or reduction from reference baseline ≥10 mmHg) after the 8-week double-blind period At trough: 24-hour post-dosing (NCT01222520)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
NoYes
Telmisartan69.830.2
Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC19.580.5

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Seated DBP Control Rate at Trough

DBP control rate: The rate of patients with controlled seated DBP at trough of less than 90 mmHg after the 8-week double-blind period At trough: 24-hour post-dosing (NCT01222520)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
NoYes
Telmisartan73.326.7
Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC29.970.1

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Seated Blood Pressure (BP) Normalisation at Trough

Seated blood pressure (BP) normalisation: The numbers of patients whose blood pressure was within normalisation criterion in terms of seated blood pressure after the 8-week double-blind period At trough: 24-hour post-dosing (NCT01222520)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
NoOptimalNormalHigh-normal
Telmisartan662711
Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC28212216

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Reduction From the Reference Baseline in Mean Seated Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) at Trough

Reference baseline: Status of patients after the 8-week open-label run-in period with telmisartan monotherapy, where patients' eligibility to enter the double-blind treatment period was examined At trough: 24-hour post-dosing (NCT01222520)
Timeframe: Baseline, 8 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC18.37
Telmisartan3.49

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Reduction From the Reference Baseline in Mean Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) at Trough

Reference baseline: Status of patients after the 8-week open-label run-in period with telmisartan monotherapy, where patients' eligibility to enter the double-blind treatment period was examined At trough: 24-hour post-dosing (NCT01222520)
Timeframe: Baseline, 8 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Least Squares Mean)
Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC12.28
Telmisartan3.14

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Seated SBP Response Rate at Trough

SBP response rate: The rate of patients who achieved an adequate response in seated SBP at trough (<140 mmHg and/or reduction from reference baseline ≥20 mmHg) after the 8-week double-blind period At trough: 24-hour post-dosing (NCT01222520)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
NoYes
Telmisartan48.851.2
Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC11.588.5

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Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of Plasma Amlodipine From 0 to 72 Hours (AUC72)

Area under the analyte concentration versus time curve from time zero to 72 hours as calculated by the linear trapezoidal method (NCT01278797)
Timeframe: Day 1, Day 22

Interventionnanograms*hour/milliliter (Mean)
Telm/Amlo 80 mg/10 mg260.7971
Telm 80 mg + Amlo 10 mg276.6315

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Time of Maximum Concentration of Amlodipine (TMAX)

Time of maximum measured amlodipine concentration over the zero to 72 hour sampling period (NCT01278797)
Timeframe: Day 1, Day 22

Interventionhours (Mean)
Telm/Amlo 80 mg/10 mg6.69
Telm 80 mg + Amlo 10 mg6.12

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Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Amlodipine

(NCT01278797)
Timeframe: Day 1, Day 22

Interventionnanograms/milliliter (Mean)
Telm/Amlo 80 mg/10 mg6.7465
Telm 80 mg + Amlo 10 mg7.2258

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Seated DBP Control Rate at Trough

DBP control rate: The rate of patients with controlled seated DBP at trough of less than 90 mmHg after the 8-week double-blind period At trough: 24-hour post-dosing (NCT01286558)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
NoYes
40 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC60.040.0
80 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC53.146.9

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Reduction From the Reference Baseline in Mean Seated Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) at Trough

Reference baseline: Status of patients after the 12-week open-label run-in period with telmisartan monotherapy followed by 40 mg telmisartan and 5 mg amlodipine combination therapy, where patients' eligibility to enter the double-blind treatment period was examined At trough: 24-hour post-dosing (NCT01286558)
Timeframe: Reference baseline, 8 weeks

Interventionmm Hg (Least Squares Mean)
80 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC4.93
40 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC3.47

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Reduction From the Reference Baseline in Mean Seated Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) at Trough

Reference baseline: Status of patients after the 12-week open-label run-in period with telmisartan monotherapy followed by 40 mg telmisartan and 5 mg amlodipine combination therapy, where patients' eligibility to enter the double-blind treatment period was examined At trough: 24-hour post-dosing (NCT01286558)
Timeframe: Reference baseline, 8 weeks

Interventionmm Hg (Least Squares Mean)
80 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC5.55
40 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC3.41

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Changes From the Reference Baseline in DBP Hourly Mean Over the 24-hour Dosing Interval as Measured by ABPM

Reference baseline: Status of patients after the 12-week open-label run-in period with telmisartan monotherapy followed by 40 mg telmisartan and 5 mg amlodipine combination therapy, where patients' eligibility to enter the double-blind treatment period was examined (NCT01286558)
Timeframe: Reference baseline, 8 weeks

,
Interventionmm Hg (Mean)
Hour 1Hour 2Hour 3Hour 4Hour 5Hour 6Hour 7Hour 8Hour 9Hour 10Hour 11Hour 12Hour 13Hour 14Hour 15Hour 16Hour 17Hour 18Hour 19Hour 20Hour 21Hour 22Hour 23Hour 24
40 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC-0.220.322.87-0.02-0.75-0.86-1.250.55-0.73-0.14-1.16-1.43-1.05-0.081.860.85-0.801.020.10-1.27-0.90-1.67-0.530.42
80 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC-1.04-1.95-2.25-3.69-1.39-1.58-0.40-1.58-2.77-2.80-1.47-0.74-2.33-0.53-0.36-0.010.70-1.89-3.120.23-3.25-2.00-2.07-0.82

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Changes From the Reference Baseline in SBP Hourly Mean Over the 24-hour Dosing Interval as Measured by ABPM

Reference baseline: Status of patients after the 12-week open-label run-in period with telmisartan monotherapy followed by 40 mg telmisartan and 5 mg amlodipine combination therapy, where patients' eligibility to enter the double-blind treatment period was examined (NCT01286558)
Timeframe: Reference baseline, 8 weeks

,
Interventionmm Hg (Mean)
Hour 1Hour 2Hour 3Hour 4Hour 5Hour 6Hour 7Hour 8Hour 9Hour 10Hour 11Hour 12Hour 13Hour 14Hour 15Hour 16Hour 17Hour 18Hour 19Hour 20Hour 21Hour 22Hour 23Hour 24
40 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC-1.78-0.282.72-1.88-2.54-2.48-2.45-0.27-1.17-0.700.690.610.26-1.091.410.68-1.161.01-1.24-3.56-1.20-4.12-2.710.29
80 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC-6.54-2.78-3.41-4.72-1.14-1.68-0.60-2.05-3.09-5.78-2.04-4.57-2.27-1.46-1.21-0.78-0.71-2.66-4.580.57-4.02-3.88-4.65-2.24

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Seated Blood Pressure (BP) Normalisation at Trough

Seated blood pressure (BP) normalisation: The numbers of patients whose blood pressure was within normalisation criterion in terms of seated blood pressure after the 8-week double-blind period At trough: 24-hour post-dosing (NCT01286558)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
NoOptimalNormalHigh-normal
40 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC44132629
80 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC41212327

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Changes From the Reference Baseline in the 24-hour ABPM Mean (Relative to Dose Time) for SBP

Reference baseline: Status of patients after the 12-week open-label run-in period with telmisartan monotherapy followed by 40 mg telmisartan and 5 mg amlodipine combination therapy, where patients' eligibility to enter the double-blind treatment period was examined (NCT01286558)
Timeframe: Reference baseline, 8 weeks

Interventionmm Hg (Least Squares Mean)
80 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC-2.81
40 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC-0.91

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Changes From the Pseudo-baseline in the 24-hour ABPM Mean (Relative to Dose Time) for SBP

Pseudo-baseline: Status of patients after the 6-week open-label run-in period with telmisartan monotherapy, where patients' eligibility to enter the double-blind treatment period was examined (NCT01286558)
Timeframe: Pseudo-baseline, 14 weeks

Interventionmm Hg (Least Squares Mean)
80 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC-20.96
40 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC-19.32

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Changes From the Pseudo-baseline in the 24-hour ABPM Mean (Relative to Dose Time) for DBP

Pseudo-baseline: Status of patients after the 6-week open-label run-in period with telmisartan monotherapy, where patients' eligibility to enter the double-blind treatment period was examined (NCT01286558)
Timeframe: Pseudo-baseline, 14 weeks

Interventionmm Hg (Least Squares Mean)
80 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC-12.16
40 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC-11.28

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Changes From the Reference Baseline in the 24-hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) Mean (Relative to Dose Time) for DBP

Reference baseline: Status of patients after the 12-week open-label run-in period with telmisartan monotherapy followed by 40 mg telmisartan and 5 mg amlodipine combination therapy, where patients' eligibility to enter the double-blind treatment period was examined (NCT01286558)
Timeframe: Reference baseline, 8 weeks

Interventionmm Hg (Least Squares Mean)
80 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC-1.54
40 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC-0.33

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Seated SBP Response Rate at Trough

SBP response rate: The rate of patients who achieved an adequate response in seated SBP at trough (<140 mmHg and/or reduction from reference baseline >=20 mmHg) after the 8-week double-blind period At trough: 24-hour post-dosing (NCT01286558)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
NoYes
40 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC17.982.1
80 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC19.680.4

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Seated SBP Control Rate at Trough

SBP control rate: The rate of patients with controlled seated DBP at trough of less than 140 mmHg after the 8-week double-blind period At trough: 24-hour post-dosing (NCT01286558)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
NoYes
40 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC55.344.7
80 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC55.244.8

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Seated DBP Response Rate at Trough

DBP response rate: The rate of patients who achieved an adequate response in seated DBP at trough (<90 mmHg and/or reduction from reference baseline >=10 mmHg) after the 8-week double-blind period At trough: 24-hour post-dosing (NCT01286558)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
NoYes
40 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC32.167.9
80 mg Telmisartan and 5 mg Amlodipine FDC29.570.5

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Change From Baseline of Quality of Life Assessment Data Measured by World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF)- Physical Health Domain

"WHOQOL-BREF, an abbreviated 26 item version of the WHOQOL-100 was developed to enable a brief but accurate assessment of the quality of life.~The Korean version of WHOQOL-BREF is valid and reliable in the assessment of quality of life in Koreans. The WHOQOL-BREF is based on the four domain structure (physical health, psychological, social relationships, and environment). It was designed to use 5-point scales for all questions (not at all, a little, moderately, mostly, and completely). The scale goes from 4 to 20 in each domain structure and 0 to 5 in overall score, a low value shows better physical health." (NCT01316419)
Timeframe: baseline and 24±2 weeks

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Twynsta (Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC) Tablets0.07

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Mean Blood Lipid Change - High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-Cholesterol

Mean blood lipid change from baseline - high density lipoprotein (HDL)-Cholesterol (NCT01316419)
Timeframe: baseline and 24±2 weeks

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Twynsta (Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC) Tablets0.44

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Percentage of Patients Achieving SBP/DBP < 130/80 mmHg Among Patients With Diabetes or Kidney Disease

Percentage of patients achieving SBP/DBP < 130/80 mmHg among patients with diabetes or kidney disease (NCT01316419)
Timeframe: 24±2 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Diabetes (N=269)Kidney Disease (N=20)Diabetes + Kidney disease (N=10)
Twynsta (Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC) Tablets41.2640.0050.00

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Percentage of Patients Who Complied With Each Category of Lifestyle Modification Recommendations at 24±2 Weeks

Percentage of patients who complied with each category of lifestyle modification recommendations at 12±2 weeks (NCT01316419)
Timeframe: 24±2 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Physical activityWell balanced dietDietary sodium reductionModeration of alcohol consumption
Twynsta (Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC) Tablets77.2187.3876.0983.49

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Percentage of Patients Who Complied With Each Category of Lifestyle Modification Recommendations at 12±2 Weeks

Percentage of patients who complied with each category of lifestyle modification recommendations at 12±2 weeks (NCT01316419)
Timeframe: 12±2 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Physical activityWell balanced dietDietary sodium reductionModeration of alcohol consumption
Twynsta (Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC) Tablets71.8784.3371.0882.38

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Mean Blood Pressure Change Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) From Baseline After 24±2 Weeks of Treatment or at the Last Observation in Case of Early Withdrawal.

"The primary endpoint is the mean blood pressure change DBP from baseline after 24±2 weeks of treatment or at the last observation in case of early withdrawal.~Baseline is defined as data collected on baseline visit." (NCT01316419)
Timeframe: baseline and 24±2 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Twynsta (Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC) Tablets-13.48

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Incidence and Severity of Reported Adverse Events.

Incidence as per the severity of reported adverse events is presented. (NCT01316419)
Timeframe: 24±2 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
MildModerateSevere
Twynsta (Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC) Tablets220739

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Percentage of Patients Achieving Target Blood Pressure SBP/DBP <140/90 mmHg.

Percentage of patients achieving target blood pressure SBP/DBP <140/90 mmHg is a key secondary endpoint. (NCT01316419)
Timeframe: 24±2 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Twynsta (Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC) Tablets74.07

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Percentage of Patients Achieving SBP Response

Percentage of patients achieving SBP response (defined as mean seated SBP < 140 mmHg or a drop of ≥ 10 mmHg) is a key secondary endpoint. (NCT01316419)
Timeframe: 24±2 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Twynsta (Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC) Tablets87.18

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Percentage of Patients Achieving Normal Body Mass Index (BMI)

Percentage of patients achieving normal BMI (18.5 kg/sq.m to 24.9 kg/sq.m) are presented (NCT01316419)
Timeframe: 24±2 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Twynsta (Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC) Tablets45.62

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Percentage of Patients Achieving DBP Response

Percentage of patients achieving DBP response (defined as mean seated DBP < 90 mmHg or a drop of ≥ 10 mmHg) is a key secondary endpoint. (NCT01316419)
Timeframe: 24±2 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Twynsta (Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC) Tablets88.99

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Mean Blood Pressure Change Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) From Baseline After 24±2 Weeks of Treatment or at the Last Observation in Case of Early Withdrawal.

"The primary endpoint is the mean blood pressure change SBP from baseline after 24±2 weeks of treatment or at the last observation in case of early withdrawal.~Baseline is defined as data collected on baseline visit." (NCT01316419)
Timeframe: baseline and 24±2 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Twynsta (Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC) Tablets-21.81

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Mean Blood Lipid Change - Triglyceride

Mean blood lipid change - Triglyceride (NCT01316419)
Timeframe: baseline and 24±2 weeks

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Twynsta (Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC) Tablets-3.76

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Mean Blood Lipid Change - Total Cholesterol

Mean blood lipid change - Total Cholesterol (NCT01316419)
Timeframe: baseline and 24±2 weeks

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Twynsta (Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC) Tablets-9.62

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Mean Blood Lipid Change - Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-Cholesterol

Mean blood lipid change from baseline - low density lipoprotein (LDL)-Cholesterol (NCT01316419)
Timeframe: baseline and 24±2 weeks

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Twynsta (Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC) Tablets-9.17

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EuroQol (EQ) Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)

The EQ VAS records the respondent's self-rated health on a vertical, visual analogue scale where the endpoints are labelled 'best imaginable health state' and 'worst imaginable health state. The scale goes from 0 to 100, a low value shows better physical health. (NCT01316419)
Timeframe: baseline and 24±2 weeks

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Twynsta (Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC) Tablets4.64

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Change From Baseline of Quality of Life Assessment Data Measured by World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF)- Social Relationships Domain

"WHOQOL-BREF, an abbreviated 26 item version of the WHOQOL-100 was developed to enable a brief but accurate assessment of the quality of life.~The Korean version of WHOQOL-BREF is valid and reliable in the assessment of quality of life in Koreans. The WHOQOL-BREF is based on the four domain structure (physical health, psychological, social relationships, and environment). It was designed to use 5-point scales for all questions (not at all, a little, moderately, mostly, and completely). The scale goes from 4 to 20 in each domain structure and 0 to 5 in overall score, a low value shows better physical health." (NCT01316419)
Timeframe: baseline and 24±2 weeks

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Twynsta (Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC) Tablets-0.04

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Change From Baseline of Quality of Life Assessment Data Measured by World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF)- Psychological Domain

"WHOQOL-BREF, an abbreviated 26 item version of the WHOQOL-100 was developed to enable a brief but accurate assessment of the quality of life.~The Korean version of WHOQOL-BREF is valid and reliable in the assessment of quality of life in Koreans. The WHOQOL-BREF is based on the four domain structure (physical health, psychological, social relationships, and environment). It was designed to use 5-point scales for all questions (not at all, a little, moderately, mostly, and completely). The scale goes from 4 to 20 in each domain structure and 0 to 5 in overall score, a low value shows better physical health." (NCT01316419)
Timeframe: baseline and 24±2 weeks

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Twynsta (Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC) Tablets0.11

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Change From Baseline of Quality of Life Assessment Data Measured by World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF)- Overall

"WHOQOL-BREF, an abbreviated 26 item version of the WHOQOL-100 was developed to enable a brief but accurate assessment of the quality of life.~The Korean version of WHOQOL-BREF is valid and reliable in the assessment of quality of life in Koreans. The WHOQOL-BREF is based on the four domain structure (physical health, psychological, social relationships, and environment). It was designed to use 5-point scales for all questions (not at all, a little, moderately, mostly, and completely). The scale goes from 4 to 20 in each domain structure and 0 to 5 in overall score, a low value shows better physical health." (NCT01316419)
Timeframe: baseline and 24±2 weeks

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Twynsta (Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC) Tablets0.03

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Change From Baseline of Quality of Life Assessment Data Measured by World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF)- Environment Domain

"WHOQOL-BREF, an abbreviated 26 item version of the WHOQOL-100 was developed to enable a brief but accurate assessment of the quality of life.~The Korean version of WHOQOL-BREF is valid and reliable in the assessment of quality of life in Koreans. The WHOQOL-BREF is based on the four domain structure (physical health, psychological, social relationships, and environment). It was designed to use 5-point scales for all questions (not at all, a little, moderately, mostly, and completely). The scale goes from 4 to 20 in each domain structure and 0 to 5 in overall score, a low value shows better physical health." (NCT01316419)
Timeframe: baseline and 24±2 weeks

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Twynsta (Telmisartan and Amlodipine FDC) Tablets0.12

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Tmax

time from dosing to the maximum concentration of Telmisartan in plasma (NCT01344629)
Timeframe: Serial pharmacokinetic blood samples collected before drug administration, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours after drug administration

Interventionhour (Mean)
T80/A5 mg FDC Tablet0.750
T80mg Tablet and A5 mg Tablet in Concomitant Use0.750

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t1/2

terminal half-life of Telmisartan in plasma (NCT01344629)
Timeframe: Serial pharmacokinetic blood samples collected before drug administration, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours after drug administration

Interventionhour (Geometric Mean)
T80/A5 mg FDC Tablet23.3
T80mg Tablet and A5 mg Tablet in Concomitant Use21.3

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MRTpo

mean residence time of Telmisartan in the body after oral administration (NCT01344629)
Timeframe: Serial pharmacokinetic blood samples collected before drug administration, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours after drug administration

Interventionhour (Geometric Mean)
T80/A5 mg FDC Tablet21.8
T80mg Tablet and A5 mg Tablet in Concomitant Use19.9

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Cmax

maximum measured concentration of Telmisartan in plasma (NCT01344629)
Timeframe: Serial pharmacokinetic blood samples collected before drug administration, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours after drug administration

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
T80/A5 mg FDC Tablet471
T80mg Tablet and A5 mg Tablet in Concomitant Use484

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AUC0-tz

Area under the concentration-time curve of Telmisartan in plasma over the time interval from 0 to the time of the last quantifiable data point (NCT01344629)
Timeframe: Serial pharmacokinetic blood samples collected before drug administration, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours after drug administration

Interventionng*hour/mL (Geometric Mean)
T80/A5 mg FDC Tablet1970
T80mg Tablet and A5 mg Tablet in Concomitant Use1950

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λz

terminal rate constant of Telmisartan in plasma (NCT01344629)
Timeframe: Serial pharmacokinetic blood samples collected before drug administration, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours after drug administration

Intervention/hour (Geometric Mean)
T80/A5 mg FDC Tablet0.0297
T80mg Tablet and A5 mg Tablet in Concomitant Use0.0326

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AUC0-∞

area under the concentration-time curve of Telmisartan in plasma over the time interval from 0 extrapolated to infinity (NCT01344629)
Timeframe: Serial pharmacokinetic blood samples collected before drug administration, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours after drug administration

Interventionng*hour/mL (Geometric Mean)
T80/A5 mg FDC Tablet2410
T80mg Tablet and A5 mg Tablet in Concomitant Use2300

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6-week Change in Maximum Relative Flow Mediated Dilatation (FMD) of the Brachial Artery With Telmisartan Therapy

Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) testing of the brachial artery was performed for all participants on Telmisartan treatment at baseline and 6 weeks. (NCT01578772)
Timeframe: 6 weeks (after baseline)

Interventionpercentage of maximum relative FMD (Median)
Baseline (Week 0)2.7
Week 63.5

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6-week Change in Diameter and Flow Mediated Dilatation (FMD) of the Brachial Artery With Telmisartan Therapy

Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) testing of the brachial artery was performed for all participants on Telmisartan treatment at baseline and 6 weeks. (NCT01578772)
Timeframe: 6 weeks (after baseline)

,
Interventionmm (Median)
Brachial Artery DiameterMaximum Absolute FMD
Baseline (Week 0)4.60.1
Week 64.70.2

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Cardiovascular Hospitalizations

Cause-specific hospitalizations (cardiovascular) (NCT01885559)
Timeframe: up to 8 years

Interventionevents (Number)
ACE-I + Placebo29
ACE-I + ARB16

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Hospitalizations

Hospitalization for any cause (NCT01885559)
Timeframe: up to 8 years

Interventionevents (Number)
ACE-I + Placebo173
ACE-I + ARB136

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Back or Flank Pain

Report of back or flank pain since the last visit (yes or no) (NCT01885559)
Timeframe: 48 months

Interventionpercentage of participants at 48 months (Number)
ACE-I + Placebo43
ACE-I + ARB46

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Aldosterone

Annual percent change in urinary aldosterone, centrally processed measure. Data from multiple years were analyzed with the primary focus on the change over time for the measure (from the slope for time from the model). The measure presented is the average annual percent change across the 8 years. (NCT01885559)
Timeframe: up at 8 years (annually assessed)

Interventionannual percent change (Mean)
ACE-I + Placebo-8.8
ACE-I + ARB-10.2

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Albuminuria

Annual percent change in 24 hour urine albumin, centrally processed. Data from multiple years were analyzed with the primary focus on the change over time for the measure (from the slope of the model). The measure presented is the average annual percent change across the 8 years. (NCT01885559)
Timeframe: up to 8 years (annually assessed)

Interventionannual percent change (Mean)
ACE-I + Placebo7.5
ACE-I + ARB7.3

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Number of Participants With 50% Reduction of Baseline eGFR, End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD, Initiation of Dialysis or Preemptive Transplant), or Death.

(NCT01885559)
Timeframe: Patients followed for 5-8 years with average of 6.5 years follow up

Interventionparticipants (Number)
ACE-I + Placebo116
ACE-I + ARB115

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Quality of Life Mental Component Summary

Short Form-36 Quality of Life Mental Component Summary ranges from 0 (worst possible outcome) to 100 (best possible outcome). Data from multiple years were analyzed with the primary focus on the change over time for the measure (from the slope for time from the model). The measure presented is the average annual change across the 8 years. (NCT01885559)
Timeframe: up to 8 years (annually assessed)

Interventionunits on a scale per year (Mean)
ACE-I + Placebo-0.031
ACE-I + ARB-0.079

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Quality of Life Physical Component Summary

Short Form-36 Quality of Life Physical Component Summary ranges from 0 (worst possible outcome) to 100 (best possible outcome). Data from multiple years were analyzed with the primary focus on the change over time for the measure (from the slope for time from the model). The measure presented is the average annual change across the 8 years. (NCT01885559)
Timeframe: up to 8 years (annually assessed)

Interventionunits on a scale per year (Mean)
ACE-I + Placebo-0.64
ACE-I + ARB-0.68

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Change From Baseline in Mean Seated SBP at Trough After 52 Weeks of the Extension Period.

"Change from baseline in mean seated systolic blood pressure at trough after 52 weeks of the extension period. Note, week 52 of the extension period corresponds to 60 weeks after the reference baseline.~The results are presented as 'change' rather than 'reduction' i.e., reductions are expressed with negative values'. The 'adjusted mean' is shown as 'mean'." (NCT01911780)
Timeframe: Reference baseline (week 0) and week 60 (end of extension period)

,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
MeanAdjusted mean
Telmisartan + HCTZ + Amlodipine + Ext-14.8-13.6
Telmisartan + HCTZ + Placebo + Ext-14.3-15.9

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Change From Baseline in Mean Seated DBP at Trough After 8 Weeks of the Double-blind Period.

Change from baseline in mean seated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at trough (24-hour post dosing) after 8 weeks of the double-blind period. The results are presented as 'change' rather than 'reduction' i.e., reductions are expressed with negative values'. The 'adjusted mean' is shown as 'mean'. (NCT01911780)
Timeframe: baseline and 8 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan + HCTZ + Amlodipine-8.8
Telmisartan + HCTZ + Placebo-1.3

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Change From Baseline in Mean Seated SBP at Trough After 8 Weeks of the Double-blind Period.

Change from baseline in mean seated systolic blood pressure (SBP) at trough after 8 weeks of the double-blind period. The results are presented as 'change' rather than 'reduction' i.e., reductions are expressed with negative values'. The 'adjusted mean' is shown as 'mean'. (NCT01911780)
Timeframe: baseline and 8 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan + HCTZ + Amlodipine-10.6
Telmisartan + HCTZ + Placebo-2.1

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The Percentage of Patients With DBP<90 mmHg and SBP<140 mmHg Blood Pressure at Trough After 8 Weeks of Double-blind Period.

The percentage of patients with DBP<90 mmHg and SBP<140 mmHg as seated blood pressure at trough after 8 weeks of the double-blind period. The results are presented as 'change' rather than 'reduction' i.e., reductions are expressed with negative values'. The 'adjusted mean' is shown as 'mean'. (NCT01911780)
Timeframe: Double-blind and 8 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Telmisartan + HCTZ + Amlodipine44.8
Telmisartan + HCTZ + Placebo21.9

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Change From Baseline in Mean DBP Pressure at Trough After 52 Weeks of the Extension Period.

"Change from baseline in mean seated diastolic blood pressure at trough after 52 weeks of the extension period. Note, week 52 of the extension period corresponds to 60 weeks after the reference baseline.~The results are presented as 'change' rather than 'reduction' i.e., reductions are expressed with negative values'. The 'adjusted mean' is shown as 'mean'." (NCT01911780)
Timeframe: Reference baseline (week 0) and week 60 (end of extension period)

,
InterventionmmHg (Mean)
MeanAdjusted mean
Telmisartan + HCTZ + Amlodipine + Ext-11.4-10.9
Telmisartan + HCTZ + Placebo + Ext-10.0-10.5

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The Number of Patients With DBP<90 mmHg and SBP<140 mmHg Blood Pressure at Trough After 52 Weeks of Extension Period.

"The number of patients with DBP<90 mmHg and SBP<140 mmHg as seated blood pressure at trough after 52 weeks of the extension period. Note, week 52 of the extension period corresponds to 60 weeks after the reference baseline.~The results are presented as 'change' rather than 'reduction' i.e., reductions are expressed with negative values'. The 'adjusted mean' is shown as 'mean'." (NCT01911780)
Timeframe: Reference baseline (week 0) and week 60 (end of extension period)

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
YesNo
Telmisartan + HCTZ + Amlodipine4124
Telmisartan + HCTZ + Placebo3328

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Change in IL-7 From Baseline to Week 4

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 4 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 4

Interventionpg/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan0.48
Arm B: No Study Drug-0.32

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Change in IL-7 From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Interventionpg/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan0.06
Arm B: No Study Drug0.53

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Change in Percent Collagen I Deposition on Lymph Node Pathology From Baseline to Week 48

Percent collagen I deposition is defined as the average % collagen stained in multiple uniform sized high magnification images in each sample. Change was absolute change defined as the Week 48 value minus the baseline value. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Interventionpercent area stain positive (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-2.44
Arm B: No Study Drug-6.08

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Change in Percent Collagen I Deposition on Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue Pathology From Baseline to Week 48

Percent collagen I deposition defined as percentage of fibrotic/collagen area to total area. Change was absolute change defined as the Week 48 value minus the baseline value. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Interventionpercent area stain positive (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-1.43
Arm B: No Study Drug0.36

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Change in Percent Collagen VI Deposition on Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue Pathology From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Interventionpercent area stain positive (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-0.41
Arm B: No Study Drug-1.36

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Change in Percent Fibronectin Deposition on Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue Pathology From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Interventionpercent area stain positive (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-0.82
Arm B: No Study Drug-4.01

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Change in sCD14 From Baseline to Week 24

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 24 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 24

Interventionmcg/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan0.06
Arm B: No Study Drug-0.08

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Change in sCD14 From Baseline to Week 4

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 4 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 4

Interventionmcg/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-0.03
Arm B: No Study Drug0.05

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Change in sCD14 From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Interventionmcg/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-0.08
Arm B: No Study Drug0

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Change in sCD163 From Baseline to Week 24

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 24 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 24

Interventionng/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan58.72
Arm B: No Study Drug9.58

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Change in Expression of CD38+HLA-DR+ on CD4+ in Lymphoid Tissue From Baseline to Week 48.

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

InterventionPercent of CD38+HLA-DR+ on CD4+ cells (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-0.33
Arm B: No Study Drug0.06

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Change in sCD163 From Baseline to Week 4

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 4 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 4

Interventionng/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan34.08
Arm B: No Study Drug0.88

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Change in sCD163 From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Interventionng/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan31.14
Arm B: No Study Drug5.32

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Change in TGF-β1 From Baseline to Week 24

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 24 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 24

Interventionpg/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan175.02
Arm B: No Study Drug678.43

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Change in TGF-β1 From Baseline to Week 4

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 4 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 4

Interventionpg/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan793.37
Arm B: No Study Drug-1074.87

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Change in TGF-β1 From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Interventionpg/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-319.17
Arm B: No Study Drug-516.45

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Change in TGF-β2 From Baseline to Week 24

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 24 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 24

Interventionpg/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan75.84
Arm B: No Study Drug-134.68

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Change in TGF-β2 From Baseline to Week 4

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 4 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 4

Interventionpg/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan70.74
Arm B: No Study Drug-129.40

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Change in TGF-β2 From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Interventionpg/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan44.45
Arm B: No Study Drug-55.94

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Change in TGF-β3 From Baseline to Week 24

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 24 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 24

Interventionpg/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan34.64
Arm B: No Study Drug-68.01

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Change in TGF-β3 From Baseline to Week 4

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 4 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 4

Interventionpg/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan31.26
Arm B: No Study Drug-95.17

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Change in TGF-β3 From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Interventionpg/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-0.47
Arm B: No Study Drug-55.21

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Change in Waist Circumference From Baseline to Week 24

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 24 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 24

Interventioncm (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan0.90
Arm B: No Study Drug0.57

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Change in Waist Circumference From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Interventioncm (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan0.77
Arm B: No Study Drug-0.08

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Change in Waist-to-hip Ratio From Baseline to Week 24

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 24 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 24

Interventionwaist cm : hip cm (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan0
Arm B: No Study Drug0.01

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Change in Waist-to-hip Ratio From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Interventionwaist cm : hip cm (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan0
Arm B: No Study Drug0.02

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Change in Percent Fibronectin Deposition on Lymph Node Pathology From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Interventionpercent area stain positive (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan0.01
Arm B: No Study Drug0.61

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Change in Adiponectin From Baseline to Week 24

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 24 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 24

Interventionng/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-582
Arm B: No Study Drug1222.60

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Change in Adiponectin From Baseline to Week 4

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 4 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 4

Interventionng/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan177.20
Arm B: No Study Drug161.00

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Change in Adiponectin From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Interventionng/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-138.70
Arm B: No Study Drug113.80

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Change in Circulating CD4+ T Cell Count From Baseline to Week 12

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 12 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 12

Interventioncells/mm^3 (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-17.50
Arm B: No Study Drug59.50

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Change in Circulating CD4+ T Cell Count From Baseline to Week 24

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 24 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 24

Interventioncells/mm^3 (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan13
Arm B: No Study Drug61.5

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Change in Circulating CD4+ T Cell Count From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Interventioncells/mm^3 (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan9
Arm B: No Study Drug97

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Change in Circulating CD8+ T Cell Count From Baseline to Week 12

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 12 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 12

Interventioncells/mm^3 (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-33.5
Arm B: No Study Drug83

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Change in Circulating CD8+ T Cell Count From Baseline to Week 24

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 24 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 24

Interventioncells/mm^3 (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-3.5
Arm B: No Study Drug80.5

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Change in Circulating CD8+ T Cell Count From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Interventioncells/mm^3 (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan10
Arm B: No Study Drug97

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Change in Collagen I C-terminal Pro-peptide (CICP) From Baseline to Week 24

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 24 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 24

Interventionng/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-13.78
Arm B: No Study Drug-1.17

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Change in Collagen I C-terminal Pro-peptide (CICP) From Baseline to Week 4

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 4 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 4

Interventionng/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-2.14
Arm B: No Study Drug-9.10

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Change in Collagen I C-terminal Pro-peptide (CICP) From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Interventionng/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-10.76
Arm B: No Study Drug-6.10

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Change in Expression of CD163+ in Adipose Tissue From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

InterventionPercent of CD163+ adipose tissue cells (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-0.19
Arm B: No Study Drug0.87

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Change in Expression of CD163+ in Lymphoid Tissue From Baseline to Week 48.

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

InterventionPercent of CD163+ lymphoid tissue cells (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-0.13
Arm B: No Study Drug0.15

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Change in Expression of CD38+HLA-DR+ on CD4+ From Baseline to Week 24

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 24 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

InterventionPercent of CD4+ expressing CD38+HLA-DR+ (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan0.20
Arm B: No Study Drug-1.35

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Change in Expression of CD38+HLA-DR+ on CD4+ From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

InterventionPercent of CD4+ expressing CD38+HLA-DR+ (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-0.30
Arm B: No Study Drug-0.60

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Change in Expression of CD38+HLA-DR+ on CD8+ From Baseline to Week 24

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 24 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

InterventionPercent of CD8+ expressing CD38+HLA-DR+ (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan0.60
Arm B: No Study Drug-0.95

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Change in Expression of CD38+HLA-DR+ on CD8+ From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

InterventionPercent of CD8+ expressing CD38+HLA-DR+ (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-0.40
Arm B: No Study Drug-0.20

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Change in Expression of CD38+HLA-DR+ on CD8+ in Lymphoid Tissue From Baseline to Week 48.

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

InterventionPercent of CD38+HLA-DR+ on CD8+ cells (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan0.13
Arm B: No Study Drug-0.22

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Change in Expression of CD4+ in Lymphoid Tissue From Baseline to Week 48.

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

InterventionPercent of CD4+ lymphoid tissue cells (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan1
Arm B: No Study Drug-7.8

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Change in Expression of CD68+ in Lymphoid Tissue From Baseline to Week 48.

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

InterventionPercent of CD68+ lymphoid tissue cells (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-0.02
Arm B: No Study Drug0.08

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Change in Expression of CD8+ in Lymphoid Tissue From Baseline to Week 48.

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: 48 weeks

InterventionPercent of CD8+ lymphoid tissue cells (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-1.19
Arm B: No Study Drug3.9

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Change in Fasting Glucose From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Interventionmg/dl (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan4
Arm B: No Study Drug2

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Change in Fasting HDL Cholesterol From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Interventionmg/dl (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-1
Arm B: No Study Drug-4

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Change in Fasting Insulin From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

InterventionuIU/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan3
Arm B: No Study Drug0

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Change in Fasting LDL Cholesterol From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Interventionmg/dl (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-12
Arm B: No Study Drug-7.4

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Change in Fasting Total Cholesterol From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Interventionmg/dl (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-8
Arm B: No Study Drug-2

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Change in Fasting Triglycerides From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Interventionmg/dl (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan7
Arm B: No Study Drug-16

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Change in HOMA-IR From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Intervention(mg/dl)x(uIU/ml)/405 (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan0.76
Arm B: No Study Drug-0.04

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Change in Hyaluronic Acid From Baseline to Week 24

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 24 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 24

Interventionng/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-1.62
Arm B: No Study Drug3.71

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Change in Hyaluronic Acid From Baseline to Week 4

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 4 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 4

Interventionng/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-0.03
Arm B: No Study Drug3.14

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Change in Hyaluronic Acid From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Interventionng/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-2.74
Arm B: No Study Drug-1.79

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Change in IL-6 From Baseline to Week 24

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 24 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 24

Interventionpg/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-0.53
Arm B: No Study Drug0.04

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Change in IL-6 From Baseline to Week 4

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 4 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 4

Interventionpg/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-0.50
Arm B: No Study Drug-0.01

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Change in IL-6 From Baseline to Week 48

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 48 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 48

Interventionpg/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan-0.46
Arm B: No Study Drug-0.03

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Change in IL-7 From Baseline to Week 24

Absolute change was calculated as the value at week 24 minus the value at baseline. (NCT01928927)
Timeframe: baseline and week 24

Interventionpg/ml (Median)
Arm A: Telmisartan0.51
Arm B: No Study Drug-1.36

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The Proportion of Patients With DBP<90 mmHg and SBP<140 mmHg as Seated Blood Pressure at Trough After 8 Weeks of the Double-blind Period

Patients with trough seated DBP =>90 mmHg or trough seated SBP >=140 mmHg at baseline were analysed. (NCT01975246)
Timeframe: baseline and week 8

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Telmisartan and Amlodipine+HCTZ51.7
Telmisartan+Amlodipine36.9

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Change From Baseline in Mean Seated DBP at Trough After 8 Weeks of the Double-blind Period.

Change from baseline in mean seated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at trough after 8 weeks of the double-blind period. After patients had rested in a seated position for approximately 5 minutes, blood pressure was measured 3 times at approximately 2-minute intervals. The mean of the 3 measurements are used as endpoints. (NCT01975246)
Timeframe: baseline and week 8

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan and Amlodipine+HCTZ-8.4
Telmisartan+Amlodipine-4.5

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Change From Baseline in Mean Seated SBP at Trough After 8 Weeks of the Double-blind Period.

Change from baseline in mean seated systolic blood pressure (SBP) at trough after 8 weeks of the double-blind period. After patients had rested in a seated position for approximately 5 minutes, blood pressure was measured 3 times at approximately 2-minute intervals. The mean of the 3 measurements are used as endpoints. (NCT01975246)
Timeframe: baseline and week 8

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Telmisartan and Amlodipine+HCTZ-12.3
Telmisartan+Amlodipine-6.9

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Change in Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-R) From Baseline at the End of the Treatment Period (Week 12)

Change from the start of the treatment period (baseline) at the end of the treatment period (Week 12) was reported. Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-R) measures insulin resistance, calculated by fasting insulin (μU/mL) multiplied by fasting glucose (mg/dL), and divided by a constant (405). (NCT02079805)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

InterventionHOMA-R Score (Mean)
Telmisartan 40 mg-0.23
Azilsartan 20 mg0.22

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Change in Homeostasis Model Assessment of Beta Cell Function (HOMA-β) From Baseline at the End of the Treatment Period (Week 12)

Change from baseline in HOMA-β collected at week 12 or final visit relative to baseline was reported. Homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function measures as following; HOMA-β = fasting insulin (μU/mL) ×360/{fasting glucose (mg/dL) - 63}. (NCT02079805)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

Interventionpercent (Mean)
Telmisartan 40 mg-3.88
Azilsartan 20 mg-0.44

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Change in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) From Baseline at the End of the Treatment Period (Week 12)

Change from baseline in the values of glycosylated hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at week 12 or final visit relative to baseline was reported. (NCT02079805)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

Interventionpercent (Mean)
Telmisartan 40 mg0.10
Azilsartan 20 mg0.09

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Change in Fasting Insulin From Baseline at the End of the Treatment Period (Week 12)

Change from baseline in fasting insulin values collected at week 12 or final visit relative to baseline was reported. (NCT02079805)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

InterventionµU/mL (Mean)
Telmisartan 40 mg-0.818
Azilsartan 20 mg0.475

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Change in Fasting Blood Glucose From Baseline at the End of the Treatment Period (Week 12)

Change from baseline in fasting blood glucose values collected at week 12 or final visit relative to baseline was reported. (NCT02079805)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Telmisartan 40 mg-1.06
Azilsartan 20 mg2.00

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Change in 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) From Baseline at the End of the Treatment Period (Week 12)

Change from baseline in 1,5-G concentration collected at week 12 or final visit relative to baseline was reported. (NCT02079805)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

Interventionμg/mL (Mean)
Telmisartan 40 mg0.24
Azilsartan 20 mg-0.66

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Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events

(NCT02079805)
Timeframe: Up to Week 12

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Telmisartan 40 mg8
Azilsartan 20 mg6

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Maximum Measured Concentration (Cmax) at Steady State for HCTZ

Maximum measured concentration (Cmax) of HCTZ in plasma at steady state over the dosing interval tau (NCT02183675)
Timeframe: 15 minutes (min) before drug administration and 15min, 30min, 45min, 1 hour (h), 1h 30min, 2h, 2h 30min, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 32h and 48h after 10 days drug administration

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
T80-A5-H12.5107
T80-H12.5102

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Maximum Measured Concentration (Cmax) at Steady State for Telmisartan

Maximum measured concentration (Cmax) of telmisartan in plasma at steady state over the dosing interval tau (NCT02183675)
Timeframe: 15 minutes (min) before drug administration and 15min, 30min, 45min, 1 hour (h), 1h 30min, 2h, 2h 30min, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 32h, 48h and 72h after 10 days drug administration

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
T80-A5-H12.5970
T80-A5857
T80-H12.5895

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Maximum Measured Concentration (Cmax) at Steady State for Amlodipine

Maximum measured concentration (Cmax) of amlodipine in plasma at steady state over the dosing interval tau (NCT02183675)
Timeframe: 15 minutes (min) before drug administration and 15min, 30min, 45min, 1 hour (h), 1h 30min, 2h, 2h 30min, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 32h, 48h, 72h, 96h, 120h and 144h after 10 days drug administration

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
T80-A5-H12.511.8
T80-A511.3

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Area Under the Plasma Concentration Curve at Steady State for Telmisartan

Area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) of telmisartan in plasma at steady state over the dosing interval tau (NCT02183675)
Timeframe: 15 minutes (min) before drug administration and 15min, 30min, 45min, 1 hour (h), 1h 30min, 2h, 2h 30min, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 32h, 48h and 72h after 10 days drug administration

Interventionng*h/mL (Geometric Mean)
T80-A5-H12.52510
T80-A52570
T80-H12.52580

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Area Under the Plasma Concentration Curve at Steady State for HCTZ

Area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) of HCTZ in plasma at steady state over the dosing interval tau (NCT02183675)
Timeframe: 15 minutes (min) before drug administration and 15min, 30min, 45min, 1 hour (h), 1h 30min, 2h, 2h 30min, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 32h and 48h after 10 days drug administration

Interventionng*h/mL (Geometric Mean)
T80-A5-H12.5584
T80-H12.5565

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Area Under the Plasma Concentration Curve at Steady State for Amlodipine

Area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) of amlodipine in plasma at steady state over the dosing interval tau (NCT02183675)
Timeframe: 15 minutes (min) before drug administration and 15min, 30min, 45min, 1 hour (h), 1h 30min, 2h, 2h 30min, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 32h, 48h, 72h, 96h, 120h and 144h after 10 days drug administration

Interventionng*h/mL (Geometric Mean)
T80-A5-H12.5230
T80-A5223

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Amount of HCTZ Excreted in Urine at Steady State From 0 to 24 Hours

Amount of HCTZ excreted in urine over the time interval from 0 to 24 hours at steady state (NCT02183675)
Timeframe: 0-6 hours (h), 6-12h and 12-24h after drug administration on day 10

Interventionmg (Geometric Mean)
T80-A5-H12.510.4
T80-H12.59.9

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Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ) Stair-climbing Score

The WIQ is a well validated questionnaire that measures patient-reported walking limitations in distance and speed and stair-climbing. They are scored on a 0-100 scale and that 100 indicates the best possible score. (NCT02593110)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to six-month follow-up

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Telmisartan + Supervised Treadmill Exercise Therapy2.73
"Telmisartan + No Exercise Control Group"3.37
Placebo + Supervised Treadmill Exercise Therapy10.59
"Placebo + No Exercise Control Group"-2.08

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Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ) Speed Score

The WIQ is a well validated questionnaire that measures patient-reported walking limitations in distance and speed and stair-climbing. They are scored on a 0-100 scale and that 100 indicates the best possible score. (NCT02593110)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to six-month follow-up

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Telmisartan + Supervised Treadmill Exercise Therapy2.74
"Telmisartan + No Exercise Control Group"4.81
Placebo + Supervised Treadmill Exercise Therapy11.46
"Placebo + No Exercise Control Group"1.72

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Maximal Treadmill Walking Distance

In the treadmill walking test, participants walk on either a gardner or modified gardner protocol until they stop the test. Distance walked is recorded. (NCT02593110)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to six-month follow-up

Interventionmeters (Mean)
Telmisartan + Supervised Treadmill Exercise Therapy207.99
"Telmisartan + No Exercise Control Group"66.21
Placebo + Supervised Treadmill Exercise Therapy176.64
"Placebo + No Exercise Control Group"80.96

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SF-36 Physical Functioning Score

The SF-36 physical functioning score will be used to measure quality of life. They are scored on a 0-100 scale and that 100 indicates the best possible score. (NCT02593110)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to six-month follow-up

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Telmisartan + Supervised Treadmill Exercise Therapy0.69
"Telmisartan + No Exercise Control Group"5.96
Placebo + Supervised Treadmill Exercise Therapy8.75
"Placebo + No Exercise Control Group"0.21

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Six-minute Walk Performance

We will determine whether telmisartan therapy with or without exercise improves six-minute walk distance at 6-month follow-up, compared to placebo with or without exercise (i.e. two group comparisons of all participants randomized to telmisartan vs. all participants randomized to placebo). (NCT02593110)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to six-month follow-up

Interventionmeters (Mean)
Telmisartan + Supervised Treadmill Exercise Therapy5.86
"Telmisartan + No Exercise Control Group"-3.92
Placebo + Supervised Treadmill Exercise Therapy30.27
"Placebo + No Exercise Control Group"-4.62

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Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ) Distance Score

The WIQ is a well validated questionnaire that measures patient-reported walking limitations in distance and speed and stair-climbing. They are scored on a 0-100 scale and that 100 indicates the best possible score. (NCT02593110)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to six-month follow-up

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Telmisartan + Supervised Treadmill Exercise Therapy8.77
"Telmisartan + No Exercise Control Group"6.33
Placebo + Supervised Treadmill Exercise Therapy7.85
"Placebo + No Exercise Control Group"-0.55

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Left Atrial Dimensions

Left atrial antero-posterior diameter (LAD, cm) (NCT02734355)
Timeframe: 7 days

Interventioncm (Mean)
Therapy3.9
Placebo4.1

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Left Atrial Contractility

Left atrial active emptying fraction (LAAEF, %) (NCT02734355)
Timeframe: 7 days

Interventionpercentage of LA maximum volume (Mean)
Therapy40
Placebo31.6

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Exercise Tolerance

six-minute walk distance in meters (NCT02734355)
Timeframe: 7 days

Interventionm (Mean)
Therapy403
Placebo345

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Diastolic Function

E/A ratio of transmitral flow (NCT02734355)
Timeframe: 7 days

Interventionratio (Mean)
Therapy1.62
Placebo2.64

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Active Emptying of Left Atrium

Velocity time integral of transmitral flow during atrial contraction (VTI A, cm). (NCT02734355)
Timeframe: 7 days

Interventioncm (Mean)
Therapy7.4
Placebo5.4

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Pulmonary Circulation Pressure Load

Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP, mm Hg). (NCT02734355)
Timeframe: 7 days

Interventionmm Hg (Mean)
Therapy16.7
Placebo31.6

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Retrograde Flow in Pulmonary Veins

Velocity time integral of right superior pulmonary vein flow during left atrial systole (VTI Ar, cm) (NCT02734355)
Timeframe: 7 days

Interventioncm (Mean)
Therapy4.1
Placebo1.5

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Quality of Life

The average of eight scores of 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). In every case all of eight scores (which ranges from 0 to 100) was summarized, then the sum was divided by 8. Thus the outcome also ranges from 0 (worse outcome) to 100 (better outcome). (NCT02734355)
Timeframe: 7 days

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Therapy92
Placebo85

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Pulmonary Vein Flow Emptying

S/D ratio of right superior pulmonary vein flow (NCT02734355)
Timeframe: 7 days

Interventionratio (Mean)
Therapy1.3
Placebo1.46

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Isovolumic Relaxation

Left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT, ms). (NCT02734355)
Timeframe: 7 days

Interventionms (Mean)
Therapy117
Placebo98

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Passive Emptying of Left Atrium

Velocity time integral of transmitral flow during left ventricle early filling phase (VTI E, cm). (NCT02734355)
Timeframe: 7 days

Interventioncm (Mean)
Therapy14.7
Placebo20.9

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Left Atrial Reservoir Function

Velocity time integral of transmitral flow (VTITMF, cm) during the whole diastole. (NCT02734355)
Timeframe: 7 days

Interventioncm (Mean)
Therapy19.1
Placebo13.3

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Left Atrial Pressure Load

Mean left atrial pressure (MLAP, mm Hg). (NCT02734355)
Timeframe: 7 days

Interventionmm Hg (Mean)
Therapy9
Placebo13.8

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Percentage of Patients With Abnormal Liver Function

"Percentage of patients with abnormal liver function; defined as Any note of: Liver disease, cirrhosis, Active hepatitis C, Active hepatitis B, Active hepatitis A, aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase (AST/ALT) >3 times upper limit of normal in the electronic medical records (EMR). Absence of any note would be considered as absence of the disease. Response was considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available." (NCT03006341)
Timeframe: Up to 12 months

,
InterventionPercentage of patients (Number)
Before PS matchingAfter PS matching
Dabigatran Etexilate0.50.5
Warfarin0.70.0

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Percentage of Patients With Obesity

"Percentage of patients with obesity; where obesity is defined as obese, not-obese based on note of obesity or recorded body mass index (BMI) > 30 in the electronic medical records (EMR). The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available." (NCT03006341)
Timeframe: Up to 12 months

,
InterventionPercentage of patients (Number)
Before PS matchingAfter PS matching
Dabigatran Etexilate58.257.4
Warfarin51.754.2

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Percentage of Patients With Hyperlipidemia

Percentage of patients with hyperlipidemia is presented, defined as any note of hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia or Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) >130 mg/dl in the electronic medical records (EMR). Response was considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available. (NCT03006341)
Timeframe: Up to 12 months

,
InterventionPercentage of patients (Number)
Before PS matchingAfter PS matching
Dabigatran Etexilate34.835.6
Warfarin36.834.0

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Percentage of Patients With Diabetes

Percentage of patients with any note of diabetes type I or II in the electronic medical records (EMR) is presented. Response was considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available. (NCT03006341)
Timeframe: Up to 12 months

,
InterventionPercentage of patients (Number)
Before PS matchingAfter PS matching
Dabigatran Etexilate13.414.7
Warfarin18.214.5

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Percentage of Patients With Uncontrolled Hypertension

"Percentage of patients with uncontrolled hypertension; defined as SBP >160 mmHg using the most recent information prior to index date in the electronic medical records (EMR). The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available." (NCT03006341)
Timeframe: Up to 12 months

,
InterventionPercentage of patients (Number)
Before PS matchingAfter PS matching
Dabigatran Etexilate0.00.0
Warfarin0.00.0

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EMR Characteristic: Serum Creatinine

EMR characteristic: Serum Creatinine closest to index dispensing. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available. (NCT03006341)
Timeframe: Up to 12 months

,
InterventionMilligrams per deciliter (Mean)
Before PS matchingAfter PS matching
Dabigatran Etexilate1.01.0
Warfarin1.11.0

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Percentage of Patients With Use of Antiplatelets or Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

Percentage of patients with use of antiplatelets or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Includes use of aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor or NSAIDs (within 1 month or on the index date) in the electronic medical records (EMR). Response was considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available. (NCT03006341)
Timeframe: Up to 1 month

,
InterventionPercentage of patients (Number)
Before PS matchingAfter PS matching
Dabigatran Etexilate18.017.1
Warfarin18.418.7

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Percentage of Patients With Prior Transient Ischemic Attack

Percentage of patients with any note of prior transient ischemic attack in the electronic medical records (EMR). Response was considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available. (NCT03006341)
Timeframe: Up to 12 months

,
InterventionPercentage of patients (Number)
Before PS matchingAfter PS matching
Dabigatran Etexilate1.61.4
Warfarin2.12.4

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EMR Characteristic: Duration of Atrial Fibrillation

EMR characteristic: Duration of atrial fibrillation (Years / months prior to initiation of Dabigatran / Warfarin). Duration is defined as number of months prior to index date for the earliest note. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available. (NCT03006341)
Timeframe: Up to 12 months

,
InterventionMonths (Mean)
Before PS matchingAfter PS matching
Dabigatran Etexilate22.522.7
Warfarin26.425.4

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EMR Characteristic: History/Duration of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

EMR characteristic: History/duration of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). Duration is defined as number of months prior to index date for the earliest note. Response was considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available. (NCT03006341)
Timeframe: Up to 12 months

,
InterventionMonths (Mean)
Before PS matchingAfter PS matching
Dabigatran Etexilate28.226.0
Warfarin38.333.9

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EMR Characteristic: History/Duration of Hypertension

EMR characteristic: History/duration of hypertension. Any note of: Hypertension systolic blood pressure (SBP) >120 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) Hypertension drugs. Duration is defined as number of months prior to index date for the earliest note. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available. (NCT03006341)
Timeframe: Up to 12 months

,
InterventionMonths (Mean)
Before PS matchingAfter PS matching
Dabigatran Etexilate42.443.6
Warfarin43.840.9

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EMR Characteristic: Hypertension, Abnormal Liver/Renal Function, Stroke, Bleeding History or Predisposition, Labile International Normalized Ratio, Elderly, Drugs/Alcohol Usage (HAS-BLED) Score

EMR characteristic: HAS-BLED Score. HAS-BLED score is calculated by adding the specified points for each of the conditions listed below. Hypertension (uncontrolled), Abnormal renal and liver function, Stroke, Bleeding history or predisposition (anemia), Labile International Normalized Ratio (INR), Elderly, Drugs or alcohol (1 point each). Labile INR is defined as as the most recent INR <2 or >3 prior to cohort entry. Conditions are considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available. (NCT03006341)
Timeframe: Up to 12 months

,
InterventionUnit on Scale (Mean)
Before PS matchingAfter PS matching
Dabigatran Etexilate1.41.5
Warfarin1.61.5

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EMR Characteristic: Renal Function - Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

EMR characteristic: Renal function - Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). Estimated GFR closest to index dispensing. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available. (NCT03006341)
Timeframe: Up to 12 months

,
InterventionMilliliter/minute/1.73 square meter (Mean)
Before PS matchingAfter PS matching
Dabigatran Etexilate86.585.4
Warfarin78.383.4

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Percentage of Patients Smoking

Percentage of patients with current/past smoking in the electronic medical records (EMR) are presented. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available. (NCT03006341)
Timeframe: Up to 12 months

,
InterventionPercentage of patients (Number)
Before PS matchingAfter PS matching
Dabigatran Etexilate50.050.0
Warfarin51.850.5

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Percentage of Patients With Abnormal Renal Function

"Percentage of patients with abnormal renal function; defined as Any note of: Dialysis, renal transplant Serum Creatinine >1.3 Milligrams per Deciliter (mg/dL) in the electronic medical records (EMR). Response was considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available." (NCT03006341)
Timeframe: Up to 12 months

,
InterventionPercentage of patients (Number)
Before PS matchingAfter PS matching
Dabigatran Etexilate5.56.5
Warfarin11.78.0

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Percentage of Patients With Alcohol Consumption

Percentage of patients with alcohol consumption in the electronic medical records (EMR) are presented. The patients with light to moderate, heavy and unknown quantity of alcohol consumption are considered. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available. (NCT03006341)
Timeframe: Up to 12 months

,
InterventionPercentage of patients (Number)
Before PS matchingAfter PS matching
Dabigatran Etexilate47.150.0
Warfarin50.938.9

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Percentage of Patients With Bleeding History or Predisposition

Percentage of patients with bleeding history or predisposition is presented, defined as any note of major bleeding requiring hospitalization or blood transfusion or causing a decrease in hemoglobin level of > 2 gram per liter (g/L) in the electronic medical records (EMR). Response was considered to be truly absent if not recorded in the EMR. The results are provided before and after propensity score (PS) matching. Before PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR whose data were available; After PS matching: all patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria successfully linked to EMR, 1:1 propensity score matched, whose data were available. (NCT03006341)
Timeframe: Up to 12 months

,
InterventionPercentage of patients (Number)
Before PS matchingAfter PS matching
Dabigatran Etexilate3.43.7
Warfarin4.74.6

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Maximum Concentration of Free Dabigatran in Plasma (Cmax).

This outcome is maximum measured concentration of the free dabigatran in plasma (NCT03143166)
Timeframe: Samples were collected 1 hour Pre-dose and at 0:30, 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 3:00, 4:00, 6:00, 8:00, 12:00, 24:00 36:00 and 48:00 hours post dose.

InterventionNanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Dabigatran Etexilate 110 mg (Reference)72.9
Dabigatran Etexilate 110 mg + Rabeprazole 20 mg Tablet (Test)20.0

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Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of Free Dabigatran in Plasma Over the Time Interval From 0 Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC0-∞).

This endpoint calculates area under the concentration-time curve of free dabigatran in plasma over the time interval from 0 extrapolated to infinity. (NCT03143166)
Timeframe: Samples were collected 1 hour Pre-dose and at 0:30, 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 3:00, 4:00, 6:00, 8:00, 12:00, 24:00 36:00 and 48:00 hours post dose.

InterventionNanogram*Hour/ millilitre (ng*h/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Dabigatran Etexilate 110 mg (Reference)618
Dabigatran Etexilate 110 mg + Rabeprazole 20 mg Tablet (Test)188

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Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of Total Dabigatran in Plasma Over the Time Interval From 0 Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC0-∞).

This endpoint calculates area under the concentration-time curve of total dabigatran in plasma over the time interval from 0 extrapolated to infinity (NCT03143166)
Timeframe: Samples were collected 1 hour Pre-dose and at 0:30, 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 3:00, 4:00, 6:00, 8:00, 12:00, 24:00 36:00 and 48:00 hours post dose.

InterventionNanogram*Hour/ millilitre (ng*h/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Dabigatran Etexilate 110 mg (Reference)702
Dabigatran Etexilate 110 mg + Rabeprazole 20 mg Tablet (Test)214

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Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From 0 to Time of Last Quantifiable Time Point (tz) of Free Dabigatran (AUC0-tz).

This endpoint calculates area under the concentration-time curve of free dabigatran in plasma over the time interval from 0 to the time of last quantifiable time point. (NCT03143166)
Timeframe: Samples were collected 1 hour Pre-dose and at 0:30, 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 3:00, 4:00, 6:00, 8:00, 12:00, 24:00 36:00 and 48:00 hours post dose.

InterventionNanogram*Hour/ millilitre (ng*h/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Dabigatran Etexilate 110 mg (Reference)588
Dabigatran Etexilate 110 mg + Rabeprazole 20 mg Tablet (Test)164

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Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From 0 to Time of Last Quantifiable Time Point (tz) of Total Dabigatran (AUC0-tz).

This endpoint calculates area under the concentration-time curve of total dabigatran in plasma over the time interval from 0 to the time of last quantifiable time point. (NCT03143166)
Timeframe: Samples were collected 1 hour Pre-dose and at 0:30, 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 3:00, 4:00, 6:00, 8:00, 12:00, 24:00 36:00 and 48:00 hours post dose.

InterventionNanogram*Hour/ millilitre (ng*h/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Dabigatran Etexilate 110 mg (Reference)667
Dabigatran Etexilate 110 mg + Rabeprazole 20 mg Tablet (Test)192

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Maximum Concentration of Total Dabigatran in Plasma (Cmax).

This outcome is maximum measured concentration of the total dabigatran in plasma (NCT03143166)
Timeframe: Samples were collected 1 hour Pre-dose and at 0:30, 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 3:00, 4:00, 6:00, 8:00, 12:00, 24:00 36:00 and 48:00 hours post dose.

InterventionNano gram per milliliter (ng/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Dabigatran Etexilate 110 mg (Reference)83.1
Dabigatran Etexilate 110 mg + Rabeprazole 20 mg Tablet (Test)21.8

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Changes in Blood Levels of Glutathione

Levels at week 4 minus levels at baseline (NCT03868839)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0) to 4 weeks after initial dose

InterventionuM (Mean)
Telmisartan Pill537.00

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Changes in Blood Levels of Interleukin-6

Levels at week 4 minus levels at baseline (NCT03868839)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0) to 4 weeks after initial dose

Interventionpg/mL (Mean)
Telmisartan Pill4.61

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Changes in Blood Levels of High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein

Levels at week 4 minus levels at baseline (NCT03868839)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0) to 4 weeks after initial dose

Interventionmg/L (Mean)
Telmisartan Pill2.34

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Changes in Blood Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha

Levels at week 4 minus levels at baseline (NCT03868839)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0) to 4 weeks after initial dose

Interventionpg/mL (Mean)
Telmisartan Pill1.10

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Number of Adverse Events

Number of adverse events grade 2 and above utilizing the Division of AIDS Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events, Version 2.0, November 2014 (NCT04360551)
Timeframe: Through study completion at day 21 of study

,
Interventionadverse events (Number)
headachenasal congestionshortness of breathnauseadiarrheachest discomfort
Placebo111000
Telmisartan110111

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Maximum Clinical Severity of Disease Since Entry

"We utilized the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 7-point ordinal scale: 1 (not hospitalized, no limitations on activities), 2 (not hospitalized limitation on activities); 3 (hospitalized, not requiring oxygen); 4 (hospitalized and requiring oxygen); 5 (hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices); 6 (hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO) and 7 (death).~A symptom scale was devised to allow 'fine tuning' within the 2.0 WHO category of 'not hospitalized but limitation on activities' based on severity (no symptoms, mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe symptoms) of fever, breathing and fatigue severity scale (0 to 4 points for each factor allowing a max score of 12). A WHO scale within the '2' category was then 'fine tuned' as follows: 2.0 (NCT04360551)
Timeframe: maximum clinical severity of disease post entry evaluated over the 21 day clinical study

Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
Telmisartan2.00
Placebo2.000

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SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
ethylene dichloride
ethylene dichloride: RN given refers to 1,2-isomer; structure given in first source. 1,2-dichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2.		2.4620chloroethaneshepatotoxic agent;
mutagen;
non-polar solvent
phosphoserine
Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.		2.1510non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
O-phosphoamino acid;
serine derivative		human metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.		2.5420amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
aminolevulinic acid
Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.		3.64204-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
delta-amino acid		antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethylene glycol
Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.		2.4620ethanediol;
glycol		metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
solvent;
toxin
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		2.0510monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
acetamide
acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.		2.0510acetamides;
carboximidic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia
adenine
[no description available]		2.52206-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
allantoin
[no description available]		2.0510imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
ureas		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
vulnerary
quinacrine
Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.		2.7530acridines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimalarial;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
betaine
glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.		3.8830amino-acid betaine;
glycine derivative		fundamental metabolite
carbamates
[no description available]		2.5320amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.		3.4311carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound		biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent
carnitine
[no description available]		2.4720amino-acid betainehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous
Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.		2.0510tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		2.1310halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.		2.2110chlorine molecular entity;
gas molecular entity;
hydrogen halide;
mononuclear parent hydride		mouse metabolite
coumarin
2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative		2.830coumarinsfluorescent dye;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		340monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
4-aminophenol
4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.		2.0510aminophenolallergen;
metabolite
bupropion
Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		4.2750aromatic ketone;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
n(g),n(g')-dimethyl-l-arginine
N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine		5.2462alpha-amino acid
aminocaproic acid
Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.		4.2650amino acid zwitterion;
epsilon-amino acid;
omega-amino fatty acid		antifibrinolytic drug;
hematologic agent;
metabolite
fosmidomycin
fosmidomycin: from Streptomyces lavendulae; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in second source. fosmidomycin : Propylphosphonic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a formyl(hydroxy)amino group. An antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lavendulae, it specifically inhibits DXP reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.267), a key enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis.		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.267 (1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase) inhibitor
creatine
[no description available]		2.9940glycine derivative;
guanidines;
zwitterion		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical
alanine
[no description available]		2.0510alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion		fundamental metabolite
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.05102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		2.4720sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		2.0510aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hexachlorocyclohexane
Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.		2.4620chlorocyclohexane
glycine
[no description available]		2.7830alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		2.0510alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
histamine
[no description available]		2.0510aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.		7.4720elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity		antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite
hydroquinone
[no description available]		2.0510benzenediol;
hydroquinones		antioxidant;
carcinogenic agent;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
skin lightening agent
imidazole
imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.		2.2110imidazole
thioctic acid
Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.		2.610dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
thia fatty acid		fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
pyruvaldehyde
Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.		2.04102-oxo aldehyde;
propanals		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		2.610alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
inositol
Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.		2.7530cyclitol;
hexol
melatonin
[no description available]		2.7630acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		2.0510pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
niacin
Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.		4.5670pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid;
vitamin B3		antidote;
antilipemic drug;
EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
nitrates
Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.		2.0710monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species
nitrites
Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		2.5220monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite
orotic acid
Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.		2.0510pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid
4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.		2.0510aminobenzoic acid;
aromatic amino-acid zwitterion		allergen;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
palmitic acid
Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.		2.0510long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
phenol
[no description available]		2.0510phenolsantiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenylacetic acid
phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.		2.0510benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenylacetic acids		allergen;
Aspergillus metabolite;
auxin;
EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
toxin
phthalic acid
phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.		2.0410benzenedicarboxylic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite
picolinic acid
picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.		2.610pyridinemonocarboxylic acidhuman metabolite;
MALDI matrix material
pyrazinamide
pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.		4.4360monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia;
pyrazines		antitubercular agent;
prodrug
pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.		2.0510methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6 phosphate		coenzyme;
cofactor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine
[no description available]		2.7630aminoalkylpyridine;
hydroxymethylpyridine;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
iron chelator;
mouse metabolite;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine
4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).		4.0840hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
spermidine
[no description available]		2.4110polyazaalkane;
triamine		autophagy inducer;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
succinic acid
Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		2.4110alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		anti-ulcer drug;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
radiation protective agent
thiamine
thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.		4.4660primary alcohol;
vitamin B1		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		2.4620pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid
Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.		6.0274uric acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		3.1950isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
catechin
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxyflavan
bremazocine
[no description available]		2.4620
gallopamil
Gallopamil: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.		2.0510benzenes;
organic amino compound
b 844-39
[no description available]		3.5110diarylmethane
menthol
Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.		2.0510p-menthane monoterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		volatile oil component
dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide
[no description available]		2.4110piperazines
pk 11195
PK-11195 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of sec-butylmethylamine		2.0810aromatic amide;
isoquinolines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes		antineoplastic agent
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.		2.4620monochlorobenzenes;
N-arylpiperazine		drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
serotonergic agonist;
xenobiotic
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		2.110aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.		2.5220methylpyridines;
phenylpyridine;
tetrahydropyridine		neurotoxin
pd 173074
[no description available]		2.0810aromatic amine;
biaryl;
dimethoxybenzene;
pyridopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
ureas		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist
hoe 33342
BXI-72: structure in first source		2.0710bibenzimidazole;
N-methylpiperazine		fluorochrome
2,4-dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.		2.4620dinitrophenolallergen;
antiseptic drug;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
geroprotector;
oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate: is a novel membrane-penetrable modulator and transient receptor potential channel blocker; structure in first source; do not confuse with 2-APB cpd. 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane : An organoboron compound that is diphenylborane in which the borane hydrogen is replaced by a 2-aminoethoxy group.		2.0510organoboron compound;
primary amino compound		calcium channel blocker;
IP3 receptor antagonist;
potassium channel opener
3-aminobenzamide
[no description available]		2.610benzamides;
substituted aniline		EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
3-methylcholanthrene
Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.		2.0510ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenearyl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
carcinogenic agent
enprofylline
enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.		2.4520oxopurineanti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
3-nitropropionic acid
3-nitropropionic acid: succinate dehydrogenase inactivator; biosynthesized by FABACEAE plants from ASPARAGINE. 3-nitropropanoic acid : A C-nitro compound that is propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a nitro group.		7.8220C-nitro compoundantimycobacterial drug;
EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
mycotoxin;
neurotoxin
pleconaril
WIN 63843: structure given in first source		2.610
4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonylfluoride
[no description available]		2.610
4-aminopyridine
[no description available]		7.0510aminopyridine;
aromatic amine		avicide;
orphan drug;
potassium channel blocker
phenytoin
[no description available]		5.05120imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
ethylisopropylamiloride
ethylisopropylamiloride: structure in first source. ethylisopropylamiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the amino substitutent of the pyrazine ring that is adjacent to the chloro substituent has been substituted by an ethyl group and by an isopropyl group.		2.0510aromatic amine;
guanidines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
neuroprotective agent;
sodium channel blocker
5-methoxytryptamine
5-Methoxytryptamine: Serotonin derivative proposed as potentiator for hypnotics and sedatives.. 5-methoxytryptamine : A member of the class of tryptamines that is the methyl ether derivative of serotonin.		2.4110aromatic ether;
primary amino compound;
tryptamines		5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor agonist;
5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor agonist;
5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor agonist;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
radiation protective agent;
serotonergic agonist
tacrine
Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		3.3160acridines;
aromatic amine		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
aa 861
2,3,5-trimethyl-6-(12-hydroxy-5,10-dodecadiynyl)-1,4-benzoquinone: structure given in first source. docebenone : A member of the class of benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens are substituted by three methyl groups and a 12-hydroxydodeca-5,10-diyn-1-yl group.		2.07101,4-benzoquinones;
acetylenic compound;
primary alcohol		EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor
abt 702
[no description available]		2.0810bipyridines
acebutolol
Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.		4.6680aromatic amide;
ethanolamines;
ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		6.74171acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
acetazolamide
Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)		9.88100monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		anticonvulsant;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohexamide
Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.		2.7530acetophenones;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
acetohydroxamic acid
acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.5920acetohydroxamic acids;
carbohydroximic acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
alaproclate
alaproclate: specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		3.2310alpha-amino acid ester
albendazole
[no description available]		4.5670aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		anthelminthic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
albuterol
Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).		4.6880phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
alendronate
alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.		3.23101,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
primary amino compound		bone density conservation agent;
EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alexidine
alexidine: until June 1975 was mistakenly treated as synonym for chlorhexidine; RN given refers to parent cpd. alexidine : An amphipathic bisbiguanide with a structure consisting of two (2-ethylhexyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.		2.4110biguanidesantibacterial agent
alfuzosin
alfuzosin: structure given in first source		4.0840monocarboxylic acid amide;
quinazolines;
tetrahydrofuranol		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
alminoprofen
alminoprofen: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. alminoprofen : A substituted aniline that is ibuprofen in which the isobutyl group is replaced by a (2-methylprop-2-en-1-yl)amino group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used for treatment of inflammatory and rheumatic disorders.		2.0610amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
alosetron
alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.		3.5820imidazoles;
pyridoindole		antiemetic;
gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic antagonist
alprazolam
Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.		4.4260organochlorine compound;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
alprenolol
Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.		3.86110secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
altretamine
Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.		3.2310triamino-1,3,5-triazine
amantadine
amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source		5.39100adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		analgesic;
antiparkinson drug;
antiviral drug;
dopaminergic agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
ambenonium
ambenonium : A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium ion having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens.		3.2310quaternary ammonium ionEC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
ambroxol
Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.		2.0510aromatic amine
amfenac
amfenac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. amfenac : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is benzophenone in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by an amino group and a carboxymethyl group at position 2 and 3, respectively. The corresponding carboxamide, nepafenac, is a prodrug of amfenac and is used for the treatment of pain and inflammation following cataract surgery.		2.0610amino acid;
benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid;
primary amino compound;
substituted aniline		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
diatrizoic acid
Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		4.0840acetamides;
benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
amifostine anhydrous
Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.		3.2310diamine;
organic thiophosphate		antioxidant;
prodrug;
radiation protective agent
aminoglutethimide
Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.		2.9840dicarboximide;
piperidones;
substituted aniline		adrenergic agent;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine
pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.		2.0510guanidines;
one-carbon compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid
p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.		6.3160N-acylglycineDaphnia magna metabolite
theophylline
[no description available]		5.1130dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
2-aminothiazole
2-aminothiazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,3-thiazol-2-amine : A primary amino compound that is 1,3-thiazole substituted by an amino group at position 2.		2.6101,3-thiazoles;
primary amino compound
amiodarone
Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.		4.861001-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiovascular drug
dan 2163
[no description available]		2.7530aromatic amide;
aromatic amine;
benzamides;
pyrrolidines;
sulfone		environmental contaminant;
second generation antipsychotic;
xenobiotic
amitriptyline
Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.		4.7890carbotricyclic compound;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
amlexanox
amlexanox: SRA-A antagonist;structure given in first source. amlexanox : A pyridochromene-derived monocarboxylic acid having an amino substituent at the 2-position, an oxo substituent at the 5-position and an isopropyl substituent at the 7-position.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid;
pyridochromene		anti-allergic agent;
anti-ulcer drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
amlodipine
Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.		18.2913767dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
amobarbital
Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.		2.0510barbiturates
amodiaquine
Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.		2.5820aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
amoxapine
Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position.		4.0940dibenzooxazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
dopaminergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
amsacrine
Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.		2.7530acridines;
aromatic ether;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
anastrozole
[no description available]		4.140nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
anethole trithione
Anethole Trithione: Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers.		2.0510methoxybenzenes
anthralin
Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.		2.4720anthracenesantipsoriatic
antipyrine
Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.		3.6790pyrazoloneantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
acetovanillone
apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.		2.4820acetophenones;
aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone		antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug;
plant metabolite
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		13.073410benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
astemizole
Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.		3.6890benzimidazoles;
piperidines		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol
Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.		8.36213ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
sympatholytic agent;
xenobiotic
azathioprine
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.		4.4260aryl sulfide;
C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
thiopurine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
azelastine
azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.		2.7430monochlorobenzenes;
phthalazines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
azosemide
azosemide : A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide which is substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by chlorine, (2-thienylmethyl)amino and 1H-tetrazol-5-yl groups, respectively. It is a diuretic that has been used in the management of oedema and hypertension.		2.0510monochlorobenzenes;
sulfonamide;
tetrazoles;
thiophenes		loop diuretic
baclofen
[no description available]		4.1340amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant
barbital
5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).		2.0510barbituratesdrug allergen
bendazac
bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts.		3.5920indazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger
bendroflumethiazide
Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.		3.2310benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
benzamide
benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.		2.610benzamides
benzbromarone
Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.		5.481101-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone		uricosuric drug
benzocaine
Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.		2.0810benzoate ester;
substituted aniline		allergen;
antipruritic drug;
sensitiser;
topical anaesthetic
benzyl benzoate
benzyl benzoate: structure; acarosan, a moist powder composed of wetted cellulose and benzyl benzoate, is used on carpets as an acaricide. benzyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia.		2.0810benzoate ester;
benzyl ester		acaricide;
plant metabolite;
scabicide
bepridil
Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.		2.0810pyrrolidines;
tertiary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
berberine
[no description available]		2.0710alkaloid antibiotic;
berberine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
diminazene
Diminazene: An effective trypanocidal agent.. diminazene : A triazene derivative that is triazene in which each of the terminal nitrogens is substituted by a 4-carbamimidoylphenyl group.		2.2110carboxamidine;
triazene derivative		antiparasitic agent;
trypanocidal drug
betaxolol
[no description available]		4.2650propanolamineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bethanechol
Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.		3.2310carbamate ester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscarinic agonist
bevantolol
bevantolol: structure given in first source. bevantolol : A propanolamine that is 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by 3-methylphenyl and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl. A beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist, it has been shown to be as effective as other beta-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.4520propanolamineanti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
calcium channel blocker
bicalutamide
bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.		4.5670(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monofluorobenzenes;
nitrile;
sulfone;
tertiary alcohol
bay h 4502
bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.		2.7630biphenyls;
imidazoles
biperiden
Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.		3.8630piperidines;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to sarin poisoning;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
bisacodyl
Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)		3.6120diarylmethane
bisoprolol
Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.		6.0781secondary alcohol;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bithionol
Bithionol: Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations.. bithionol : An aryl sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which each phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by hydroxy and at positions 3 and 5 by chlorine. A fungicide and anthelmintic, it was used in various topical drug products for the treatment of liver flukes, but withdrawn after being shown to be a potent photosensitizer with the potential to cause serious skin disorders.		2.7630aryl sulfide;
bridged diphenyl antifungal drug;
bridged diphenyl fungicide;
dichlorobenzene;
organochlorine pesticide;
polyphenol		antifungal agrochemical;
antiplatyhelmintic drug
bromazepam
Bromazepam: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.		2.9640organic molecular entity
bromopride
bromopride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.7530benzamides
bromisovalum
Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.. bromisoval : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-bromisoval. It was previously used for its hypnotic and sedative properties but the use of bromides is now deprecated due to the possibility of the toxic accumulation of bromine in the body.. 2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-3-methylbutanamide : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 2-bromo-3-methybutanoyl group.		2.0510N-acylurea;
organobromine compound
bronopol
[no description available]		2.0810nitro compound
brotizolam
brotizolam: structure		2.4520organic molecular entity
bufexamac
Bufexamac: A benzeneacetamide with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic action. It is administered topically, orally, or rectally.. bufexamac : A hydroxamic acid derived from phenylacetamide in which the benzene moiety is substituted at C-4 by a butoxy group. It has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties.		2.0510aromatic ether;
hydroxamic acid		antipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
buflomedil
buflomedil: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym LL 1656 refers to HCl; structure		2.7430aromatic ketone
bumetanide
[no description available]		5.46110amino acid;
benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		diuretic;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bunazosin
bunazosin: structure		2.0410quinazolines
bupivacaine
Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.		3.5680aromatic amide;
piperidinecarboxamide;
tertiary amino compound
buspirone
Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.		4.6780azaspiro compound;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
piperidones;
pyrimidines		anxiolytic drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
sedative;
serotonergic agonist
busulfan
[no description available]		4.7790methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
insect sterilant;
teratogenic agent
secbutabarbital
secbutabarbital: Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital) should be distinguished from Butobarbital		3.2310barbiturates
butalbital
butalbital: management of butalbital withdrawal can be simplified by using a phenobarbital-loading protocol; RN given refers to parent cpd. butalbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache.		2.0510barbituratesanalgesic;
sedative
caffeine
[no description available]		5.69140purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		11.03200aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
metrizoate
Metrizoic Acid: A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt.		2.4520monocarboxylic acidradioopaque medium
camostat
camostat : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients.		7.8530benzoate ester;
carboxylic ester;
diester;
guanidines;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifibrinolytic drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
serine protease inhibitor
camphor, (+-)-isomer
[no description available]		2.610bornane monoterpenoid;
cyclic monoterpene ketone		plant metabolite
candesartan cilexetil
candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects		13.02141biphenyls
candesartan
candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.		15.779322benzimidazolecarboxylic acid;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
carbamazepine
Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.		5.06120dibenzoazepine;
ureas		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
glutamate transporter activator;
mitogen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sodium channel blocker;
xenobiotic
carbinoxamine
carbinoxamine: Note: tradenames that start with Histex refer to more than one drug. carbinoxamine : An organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease.		3.2310monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
carisoprodol
Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.		3.5920carbamate estermuscle relaxant
carmustine
Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.		2.7530N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
carprofen
carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.		2.4720carbazoles;
organochlorine compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
photosensitizing agent
carvedilol
[no description available]		7.4112carbazoles;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
celecoxib
[no description available]		5.390organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cetirizine
Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.		4.9460ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperazines		anti-allergic agent;
environmental contaminant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
cetyltrimethylammonium ion
Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.		2.0510quaternary ammonium ion
cetylpyridinium
Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.		2.610pyridinium ion
chelerythrine
chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.		2.7430benzophenanthridine alkaloid;
organic cation		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chloral hydrate
[no description available]		2.0510aldehyde hydrate;
ethanediol;
organochlorine compound		general anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
sedative;
xenobiotic
chlorambucil
Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.		4.5570aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
chlorcyclizine
chlorcyclizine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); CHLOROCYCLIZINE & HISTACHLORAZINE were see CHLORCYCLIZINE 1977-94; use PIPERAZINES to search CHLORCYCLIZINE 1966-94; histamine H1-blocker used both orally and topically in allergies and also for the prevention of motion sickness		3.2310diarylmethane
chlordiazepoxide
Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.		4.5570benzodiazepine
chlormezanone
Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions.		3.59201,3-thiazine;
lactam;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfone		antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
muscle relaxant
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		4.7790aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.		3.8630benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
chloroxylenol
chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.		2.5420monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
molluscicide
chlorphenesin carbamate
[no description available]		2.0810carbamate ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary alcohol		muscle relaxant
chlorpheniramine
Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.		4.5570monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidepressant;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		5.25150organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide
Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.		4.95110monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone
Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.		10.05166isoindoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfonamide
chlorzoxazone
Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		4.68801,3-benzoxazoles;
heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
organochlorine compound		muscle relaxant;
sedative
cifenline
[no description available]		2.9740diarylmethane
ciclopirox
[no description available]		2.9840cyclic hydroxamic acid;
hydroxypyridone antifungal drug;
pyridone		antibacterial agent;
antiseborrheic
ciglitazone
ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes. ciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist.		3.1750aromatic ether;
thiazolidinone		antineoplastic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug
cilostazol
[no description available]		4.1640lactam;
tetrazoles		anticoagulant;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
fibrin modulating drug;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
cimetidine
Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.		5.92180aliphatic sulfide;
guanidines;
imidazoles;
nitrile		adjuvant;
analgesic;
anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
cinoxacin
Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.		2.0510cinnolines;
oxacycle;
oxo carboxylic acid		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
ciprofibrate
[no description available]		3.3360cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		5.55120aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
cisapride
Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.		3.1550benzamides
citalopram
Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.		5.031202-benzofurans;
cyclic ether;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound
clioquinol
Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		2.4720monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
organoiodine compound		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
chelator;
copper chelator
clobazam
Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.		2.47201,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clofazimine
Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.		4.2950monochlorobenzenes;
phenazines		dye;
leprostatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clofibrate
angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate		4.5570aromatic ether;
ethyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
clomiphene
[no description available]		4.2750tertiary amineestrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
clomipramine
Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.		4.97110dibenzoazepineanticoronaviral agent;
antidepressant;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam
Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.		4.08401,4-benzodiazepinone;
monochlorobenzenes		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clonidine
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		4.7790clonidine;
imidazoline
4-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide
[no description available]		2.4720sulfonamide
chlorazepate
clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.		3.58201,4-benzodiazepinoneanticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
prodrug
clotiazepam
clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines		2.0510organic molecular entity
clotrimazole
[no description available]		4.6880conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes		antiinfective agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cromolyn
cromoglycic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is the bis-chromone derivative of glycerol. It is effective as a mast cell stabilizer.		2.4620chromones;
dicarboxylic acid		anti-asthmatic drug;
calcium channel blocker
cyclandelate
Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels.		2.0510carboxylic ester;
secondary alcohol		vasodilator agent
cyclobenzaprine
cyclobenzaprine: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lisseril is synonymous for HCl; structure. cyclobenzaprine : 5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		3.6120carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant;
muscle relaxant;
tranquilizing drug
cyclofenil
Cyclofenil: A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE.		3.2310organic molecular entity
cyproheptadine
Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.		3.5920piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
gastrointestinal drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
danthron
danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.		2.5420dihydroxyanthraquinoneapoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
dapsone
[no description available]		4.7790substituted aniline;
sulfone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
leprostatic drug
decanoic acid
decanoate : A fatty acid anion 10:0 that is the conjugate base of decanoic acid.. decanoic acid : A C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.		3.2110medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
deferiprone
Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.		2.6104-pyridonesiron chelator;
protective agent
deferoxamine
Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.		3.5920acyclic desferrioxaminebacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator;
siderophore
dequalinium
Dequalinium: A topical bacteriostat that is available as various salts. It is used in wound dressings and mouth infections and may also have antifungal action, but may cause skin ulceration.. dequalinium : A quinolinium ion comprising decane in which one methyl hydrogen at each end of the molecule has been replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylquinolin-1-yl group.		2.4110quinolinium ionantifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiseptic drug;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor
desipramine
Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.		5.17140dibenzoazepine;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug allergen;
EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nordazepam
Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety.		2.74301,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
human metabolite;
sedative
amphetamine
Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.		3.8630primary amine
eflornithine
Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.		2.4620alpha-amino acid;
fluoroamino acid		trypanocidal drug
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		10.191401,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
diazoxide
Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.		4.5570benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
diuretic;
K-ATP channel agonist;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasodilator agent
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		6.03200amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ddt
1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source		2.0510benzenoid aromatic compound;
chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide		bridged diphenyl acaricide;
carcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
persistent organic pollutant
dichlorphenamide
Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.		3.2310dichlorobenzene;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
ophthalmology drug
dicyclomine
Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.		3.2310carboxylic ester;
tertiary amine		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
diethylcarbamazine
Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.		2.4620N-carbamoylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine
pentetic acid
Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.		3.2310pentacarboxylic acidcopper chelator
diflunisal
Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.		4.2650monohydroxybenzoic acid;
organofluorine compound		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dimercaprol
Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.		3.8630dithiol;
primary alcohol		chelator
diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.		4.5570ether;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
antitussive;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
oneirogen;
sedative
diphenyleneiodonium
diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.		2.0510organic cation
dipyridamole
Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.		12.5268piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
disopyramide
Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.		5.2890monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
disulfiram
[no description available]		4.6980organic disulfide;
organosulfur acaricide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
fungicide;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		4.96110branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
thiorphan
Thiorphan: A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced ANALGESIA and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms.		7.6120N-acyl-amino acid
domperidone
Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.		3.1650benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil
Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.		4.2750aromatic ether;
indanones;
piperidines;
racemate		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
doxapram
Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.		3.8630morpholines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones		central nervous system stimulant
doxazosin
Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.		4.350aromatic amine;
benzodioxine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
vasodilator agent
doxepin
Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.		4.4160dibenzooxepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
doxylamine
Doxylamine: Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM.		3.2310pyridines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antitussive;
cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
sedative
droperidol
Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.		3.5920aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound		anaesthesia adjuvant;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
dyphylline
Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.		3.8630oxopurine;
propane-1,2-diols		bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
ebastine
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
ebselen
ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.		2.610benzoselenazoleanti-inflammatory drug;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor;
enzyme mimic;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
genotoxin;
hepatoprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
econazole
Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.		2.7730dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
edrophonium
Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.		3.2310phenols;
quaternary ammonium ion		antidote;
diagnostic agent;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
embelin
embelin: from Embelia fruit (Myrsinaceae). embelin : A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease.		2.1110dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinonesantimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
plant metabolite
enflurane
Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.		2.0510ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		anaesthetic
enoxacin
Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.		2.75301,8-naphthyridine derivative;
amino acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
epinastine
epinastine: RN given refers parent cpd. epinastine : A benzazepine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine in which the azepine ring is fused to the e side of 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine.		2.4920benzazepine;
guanidines		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
ophthalmology drug
estazolam
Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia.		3.5920triazoles;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
ethacrynic acid
Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.		4.0840aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
loop diuretic
ethosuximide
Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.		4.0940dicarboximide;
pyrrolidinone		anticonvulsant;
geroprotector;
T-type calcium channel blocker
ethotoin
ethotoin: was heading 1966-94 (see under HYDANTOINS 1966-90); use HYDANTOINS to search ETHOTOIN 1966-94. ethotoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by ethyl and phenyl at positions 3 and 5, respectively. An antiepileptic, it is less toxic than phenytoin but also less effective.		3.2310imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
ethoxzolamide
Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic.		2.0510aromatic ether;
benzothiazoles;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
etidronate
Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.		3.73201,1-bis(phosphonic acid)antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
etilefrine
Etilefrine: A phenylephrine-related beta-1 adrenergic and alpha adrenergic agonist used as a cardiotonic and antihypotensive agent.		2.7430phenols
etodolac
Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.		4.140monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
2-hexyloxybenzamide
2-hexyloxybenzamide: structure		2.610aromatic ether;
benzamides		antifungal agent
brl 42810
[no description available]		4.3502-aminopurines;
acetate ester		antiviral drug;
prodrug
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone
Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.		2.4620aromatic ether;
hydrazone;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound		ATP synthase inhibitor;
geroprotector;
ionophore
felbamate
Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.		4.2650carbamate esteranticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent
4-biphenylylacetic acid
biphenyl-4-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is substituted by a biphenyl-4-yl group. An active metabolite of fenbufen, it is used as a topical medicine to treat muscle inflammation and arthritis.		2.0810biphenyls;
monocarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
felodipine
Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.		4.95110dichlorobenzene;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
fendiline
Fendiline: Coronary vasodilator; inhibits calcium function in muscle cells in excitation-contraction coupling; proposed as antiarrhythmic and antianginal agents.		2.0710diarylmethane
fenofibrate
Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE		5.97130aromatic ether;
chlorobenzophenone;
isopropyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
fenoldopam
Fenoldopam: A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.		3.2310benzazepinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
dopamine agonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
fenoprofen
Fenoprofen: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.. fenoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.		3.5920monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
berotek
Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.		2.4520resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
fenspiride
fenspiride: was heading 1975-94 (see under SPIRO COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SPIRO COMPOUNDS to search FENSPIRIDE 1975-94; bronchodilator agent used in asthma		2.4520azaspiro compound
fentanyl
Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		2.9740anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
fexofenadine
fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.		5.390piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
fipexide
fipexide: regulates dopaminergic systems at macromolecular level		3.8630benzodioxoles
flavoxate
Flavoxate: A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.. flavoxate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid with 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethanol.		3.2310carboxylic ester;
flavones;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
flecainide
Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).		4.5570aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug
fleroxacin
Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.		3.3160difluorobenzene;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
quinolines		antibacterial drug;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fluconazole
Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.		6.49131conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		environmental contaminant;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
flucytosine
Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.		4.6680aminopyrimidine;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine antifungal drug;
pyrimidone		prodrug
flufenamic acid
Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.		2.7530aromatic amino acid;
organofluorine compound		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenazine
[no description available]		3.7320N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		anticoronaviral agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil
Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.		4.95110ethyl ester;
imidazobenzodiazepine;
organofluorine compound		antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning;
GABA antagonist
flunitrazepam
Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.		2.45201,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound;
monofluorobenzenes		anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
fluorescite
fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.		4.0840benzoic acids;
cyclic ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
phenols;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		9.88100nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
fluoxetine
Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.		4.7890(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound
flurazepam
Flurazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.. flurazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia.		3.23101,4-benzodiazepinone;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
flurbiprofen
Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.		4.2650fluorobiphenyl;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluspirilene
Fluspirilene: A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia.		2.7630diarylmethane
flutamide
Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.		4.87100(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
fomepizole
Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.		3.5920pyrazolesantidote;
EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
protective agent
foscarnet
Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		4.5470carboxylic acid;
one-carbon compound;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
furafylline
[no description available]		2.0710oxopurine
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		7.96251chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
gabapentin
Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.		4.88100gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
gabexate
Gabexate: A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, but not of chymotrypsin and aprotinin.		2.8530benzoate ester
gemfibrozil
[no description available]		4.96110aromatic etherantilipemic drug
gentamicin
Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.		7.2510
gentian violet
crystal violet cation : An iminium ion that is malachite green cation in which the hydrogen at the para- psition of the monosubstituted phenyl group is replaced by a dimethylamino group.		2.4110iminium ionantibacterial agent;
antifungal agent
glafenine
Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.		4.0840aminoquinoline;
carboxylic ester;
glycol;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gliclazide
Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.		3.1650N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
radical scavenger
glimepiride
glimepiride: structure given in first source		4.7790sulfonamide
glipizide
Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		4.6780aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-sulfonylurea;
pyrazines		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
glutaral
Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.		2.610dialdehydecross-linking reagent;
disinfectant;
fixative
glutethimide
Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.		2.7530piperidines
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		6.1150monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid (1,1-dimethyl-3-pyrrolidin-1-iumyl) ester
[no description available]		3.2310benzenes
gossypol
Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.		2.4720
granisetron
[no description available]		4.4160aromatic amide;
indazoles
guaiazulene
guaiazulene: structure		2.0510sesquiterpene
guaifenesin
Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.		3.2310methoxybenzenes
guanethidine
Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.		3.2310azocanes;
guanidines		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
sympatholytic agent
guanfacine
Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.		4.4160acetamides
guanidine
Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.		3.2310carboxamidine;
guanidines;
one-carbon compound
fasudil
fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.		2.8130isoquinolines;
N-sulfonyldiazepane		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
nootropic agent;
vasodilator agent
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		4.97110aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
halothane
[no description available]		2.0510haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		inhalation anaesthetic
hexachlorophene
Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.		2.7530bridged diphenyl fungicide;
polyphenol;
trichlorobenzene		acaricide;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug
miltefosine
miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.		2.5420phosphocholines;
phospholipid		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
apoptosis inducer;
immunomodulator;
protein kinase inhibitor
hexamethonium
Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.		1.9910quaternary ammonium salt
hexestrol
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
hexetidine
Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)		2.0510organic heteromonocyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
hexobarbital
Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.		2.7430barbiturates
hexylresorcinol
[no description available]		2.610resorcinols
beta-thujaplicin
beta-thujaplicin: structure. beta-thujaplicin : A monoterpenoid that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and an isopropyl group at position 4. Isolated from Thuja plicata and Chamaecyparis obtusa, it exhibits antimicrobial activities.		2.610cyclic ketone;
enol;
monoterpenoid		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiplasmodial drug;
plant metabolite
hycanthone
Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.		340thioxanthenesmutagen;
schistosomicide drug
hydralazine
Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.		4.7790azaarene;
hydrazines;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
phthalazines		antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		18.0112159benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
hydroflumethiazide
Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.		4.0840benzothiadiazine;
thiazide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.		6.231aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
primary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea
[no description available]		4.7890one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine
Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.		3.5920hydroxyether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antipruritic drug;
anxiolytic drug;
dermatologic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
hypericin
[no description available]		2.0410
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		11.81181monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
phenelzine
Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.		4.0840primary amine
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		5.11130benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
alverine
alverine : A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.		2.0510tertiary amineantispasmodic drug
idebenone
[no description available]		2.05101,4-benzoquinones;
primary alcohol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor
ifosfamide
[no description available]		4.6680ifosfamidesalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		5.12130dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone
Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.		4.7790bipyridinesEC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indapamide
Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.		11.4571indoles;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
indirubin-3'-monoxime
indirubin-3'-monoxime: has antiangiogenic activity. indirubin-3'-monoxime : A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin in which the keto group at position 3' has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime.		2.0810
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		10.83280aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
iohexol
Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.		2.9740benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iopromide
iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.		2.4520dicarboxylic acid diamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
nephrotoxic agent;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iothalamic acid
Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.		2.0410organic molecular entity
iodipamide
Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.		2.0510benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound;
secondary carboxamide		radioopaque medium
ioversol
[no description available]		3.2310amidobenzoic acid
iproniazid
[no description available]		4.4260carbohydrazide;
pyridines
avapro
Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.		15.04789azaspiro compound;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
isocarboxazid
Isocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)		3.8630benzenes
isoetharine
Isoetharine: Adrenergic beta-2 agonist used as bronchodilator for emphysema, bronchitis and asthma.		2.4110catecholamine
isoflurane
Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.		2.0510organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid
Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).		4.87100carbohydrazideantitubercular agent;
drug allergen
2-propanol
2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.0510secondary alcohol;
secondary fatty alcohol		protic solvent
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		4.7890catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine
Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.		3.5920alkylbenzene
isradipine
Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.		4.4260benzoxadiazole;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester
itraconazole
[no description available]		5.4100piperazines
ketamine
Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.		4.2650cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
ketanserin
Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.		3.3160aromatic ketone;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
cardiovascular drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.		4.88100dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen
Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.		5.19140benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ketorolac
Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.		4.4160amino acid;
aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrrolizines;
racemate		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ketotifen
Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.		2.4620cyclic ketone;
olefinic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
khellin
Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.		2.4820furanochromone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle		anti-asthmatic agent;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
kojic acid
[no description available]		2.6104-pyranones;
enol;
primary alcohol		Aspergillus metabolite;
EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
skin lightening agent
kynurenic acid
Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.		2.2110monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		G-protein-coupled receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
labetalol
Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.		4.7690benzamides;
benzenes;
phenols;
primary carboxamide;
salicylamides;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
lamotrigine
[no description available]		4.42601,2,4-triazines;
dichlorobenzene;
primary arylamine		anticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
antimanic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
xenobiotic
lansoprazole
Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.		5.55120benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
lapachol
lapachol : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone substituted by hydroxy and 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl groups at positions 2 and 3, respectively. It is a natural compound that exhibits antibacterial and anticancer properties, first isolated in 1882 from the bark of Tabebuia avellanedae.		2.610
beta-lapachone
beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.		2.0510benzochromenone;
orthoquinones		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
leflunomide
Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.		11.0581(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole
[no description available]		4.4260nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
lg 100268
LG 100268: a retinoid X receptor (RXR) selective compound; structure given in first source		2.0810
qx-314
QX-314: triethyl analog of lidocaine; RN & NM refer to ion		2.4110monocarboxylic acid amidelocal anaesthetic
lofepramine
Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.		2.4720aromatic ketone;
dibenzoazepine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
lomefloxacin
lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.		3.2310fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
photosensitizing agent
lomerizine
lomerizine: used to treat migraines		7.1510diarylmethane
lomustine
[no description available]		3.8730N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
loperamide
Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.		5.0970monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperidines;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
mu-opioid receptor agonist
loratadine
Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.		4.4760benzocycloheptapyridine;
ethyl ester;
N-acylpiperidine;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist
lorazepam
Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.		4.4260benzodiazepine
lorglumide
lorglumide: RN given refers to (+-)-isomer. lorglumide : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-lorglumide.. N(2)-(3,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-N,N-dipentyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-(3,4-dichlorobenzoyl)glutamic acid with the amino group of dipentylamine.		2.0710benzamides;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
dichlorobenzene;
glutamic acid derivative
losartan
Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position		17.6716231biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
loxapine
Loxapine: An antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA.		3.2310dibenzooxazepineantipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
loxoprofen
loxoprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source. loxoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-[(2-oxocyclopentyl)methyl]phenyl group. A prodrug that is rapidly converted into its active trans-alcohol metabolite following oral administration.		2.0610cyclopentanones;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
4-(dimethylamino)-n-(7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl)benzamide
4-(dimethylamino)-N-(7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl)benzamide: structure in first source. 4-(dimethylamino)-N-[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]benzamide : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid with the amino group of 7-amino-N-hydroxyheptanamide. It is a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in several human cancer cell lines.		2.610benzamides;
hydroxamic acid;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
mafenide
Mafenide: A sulfonamide that inhibits the enzyme CARBONIC ANHYDRASE and is used as a topical anti-bacterial agent, especially in burn therapy.		2.610aromatic amine
malathion
Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.		2.0510diester;
ethyl ester;
organic thiophosphate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source		2.0510isopropyl ester
manidipine
[no description available]		3.4511diarylmethane
maprotiline
Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.		4.4260anthracenes
mazindol
Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.		2.0510organic molecular entity
mebendazole
Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.		4.7790aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
mecamylamine
Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.		3.2310primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine
nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.		3.2310nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent
meclizine
Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.		3.5920diarylmethane
meclofenamic acid
Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		3.2310aminobenzoic acid;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
meclofenamate sodium anhydrous
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
meclofenoxate
Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid
mefenamic acid
Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		4.5670aminobenzoic acid;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
mefloquine hydrochloride
[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol : An organofluorine compound that consists of quinoline bearing trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 2 and 8 as well as a (2-piperidinyl)hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4.		2.4820organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinolines;
secondary alcohol
memantine
[no description available]		3.8630adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		antidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3
Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.		2.75301,4-naphthoquinones;
vitamin K		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
human urinary metabolite;
nutraceutical
mepenzolate
mepenzolic acid: anticholinergic, antispasmodic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.2310diarylmethane
meperidine
Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.		4.0840ethyl ester;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
mephenytoin
Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.		4.140imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
mepivacaine
Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.		3.8630piperidinecarboxamidedrug allergen;
local anaesthetic
meprobamate
Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)		4.2650organic molecular entity
mesalamine
Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.		3.8630amino acid;
aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
phenols		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mesoridazine
Mesoridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.. mesoridazine : A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.		3.2310phenothiazines;
sulfoxide;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
metaproterenol
Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.		3.5920aralkylamino compound;
phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		6.08210guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
methadone
Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.		4.5470benzenes;
diarylmethane;
ketone;
tertiary amino compound
methapyrilene
Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.		2.7430ethylenediamine derivativeanti-allergic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative
methazolamide
Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.		3.7320sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles
methocarbamol
Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester.		3.7320aromatic ether;
carbamate ester;
secondary alcohol
methoxsalen
Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.		3.8730aromatic ether;
psoralens		antineoplastic agent;
cross-linking reagent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
methoxyflurane
Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.		2.0510ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		hepatotoxic agent;
inhalation anaesthetic;
nephrotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic
methyclothiazide
Methyclothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)		3.2310benzothiadiazine
nocodazole
[no description available]		2.4620aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
thiophenes		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
methyl salicylate
methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.		2.0510benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
salicylates		flavouring agent;
insect attractant;
metabolite
methylphenidate
Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.		4.4160beta-amino acid ester;
methyl ester;
piperidines
methyprylon
methyprylon: was heading 1973-94 (see under HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 1963-72); use PIPERIDONES to search METHYPRYLON 1973-94		2.0510organic molecular entity
metoclopramide
Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.		4.7790benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
gastrointestinal drug;
xenobiotic
metolazone
Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.		4.6680organochlorine compound;
quinazolines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol
Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.		7.55222aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
metronidazole
Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.		4.87100C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
primary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
metyrapone
Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.		3.5920aromatic ketoneantimetabolite;
diagnostic agent;
EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine
Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.		4.4260aromatic ether;
primary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin
Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.		2.7530dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine agonist;
sedative;
serotonergic antagonist
miconazole
Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		2.9740dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles
midazolam
Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.		5.04120imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
midodrine
Midodrine: An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. midodrine : An aromatic ether that is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-(glycylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine.		3.2310amino acid amide;
aromatic ether;
secondary alcohol		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
milrinone
[no description available]		4.0840bipyridines;
nitrile;
pyridone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
minoxidil
Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.		4.2750dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
mirtazapine
Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.		4.4160benzazepine;
tetracyclic antidepressant		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
oneirogen;
serotonergic antagonist
mitotane
Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.		3.5920diarylmethane
mitoxantrone
Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.		5.48110dihydroxyanthraquinoneanalgesic;
antineoplastic agent
moclobemide
Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.		3.3160benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
morpholines		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
modafinil
Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.		3.5920monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfoxide
moxisylyte
Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)		3.5920monoterpenoid
entinostat
[no description available]		2.5820benzamides;
carbamate ester;
primary amino compound;
pyridines;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
deet
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.		2.0510benzamides;
monocarboxylic acid amide		environmental contaminant;
insect repellent;
xenobiotic
acecainide
Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.		2.9740acetamides;
benzamides		anti-arrhythmia drug
ethylmaleimide
Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.		2.610maleimidesanticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
nabumetone
Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.		3.9330methoxynaphthalene;
methyl ketone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
nadolol
[no description available]		4.1340tetralins
nafamostat
nafamostat: inhibitor of trypsin, plasmin, pancreatic kallikrein, plasma kallikrein & thrombin; strongly inhibits esterolytic activities of C1r & C1 esterase complement-mediated hemolysis; antineoplastic		2.610benzoic acids;
guanidines
nalidixic acid
[no description available]		4.42601,8-naphthyridine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
naratriptan
naratriptan: structure given in first source		4.0840heteroarylpiperidine;
sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
nefazodone
nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct		5.03120aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazoles		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nefopam
Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.		2.7530benzoxazocine;
tertiary amino compound
neostigmine
Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		2.4720quaternary ammonium ionantidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nevirapine
Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.		4.87100cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide
Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.		3.5920organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
nicardipine
Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.		5.63130benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound
niceritrol
Niceritrol: An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions.		2.0510organic molecular entity
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		11.12337C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
nifekalant
[no description available]		2.0810amine
niflumic acid
Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.		2.0510aromatic carboxylic acid;
pyridines
nilutamide
[no description available]		3.8730(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
imidazolidinone		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
nilvadipine
[no description available]		2.0410dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester;
nitrile
nimesulide
nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.		4.2750aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimodipine
Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.		5.881702-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
nisoldipine
Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.		12.8154C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
nitrazepam
Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).		3.31601,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound		anticonvulsant;
antispasmodic drug;
drug metabolite;
GABA modulator;
sedative
nitrendipine
Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.		4.96110C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.		9.1240nitroglycerolexplosive;
muscle relaxant;
nitric oxide donor;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
nizatidine
[no description available]		4.54701,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound;
carboxamidine;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
cholinergic drug;
H2-receptor antagonist
nomifensine
Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.		4.5470isoquinolinesdopamine uptake inhibitor
masoprocol
nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)		2.0510catechols;
lignan;
tetrol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite
norfloxacin
Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.		4.2750fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
nortriptyline
Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.		4.7890organic tricyclic compound;
secondary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite
ofloxacin
Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.		4.55703-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxazinoquinoline
olprinone
olprinone: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source		2.0810bipyridines
omeprazole
Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.		5.78150aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
ondansetron
Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.		4.96110carbazoles
orphenadrine
Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.		3.5920ether;
tertiary amino compound		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
parasympatholytic
osalmide
osalmide: structure		2.610organic molecular entity
oxamniquine
Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively.		2.0510aromatic primary alcohol;
C-nitro compound;
quinolines;
secondary amino compound
oxaprozin
Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		4.27501,3-oxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxatomide
oxatomide: structure; an anti-allergic & an anti-asthmatic. oxatomide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one substituted by a 3-[4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at position 1. It is an anti-allergic drug.		2.0510benzimidazoles;
diarylmethane;
N-alkylpiperazine		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
oxazepam
Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.		4.67801,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
oxethazaine
[no description available]		2.5420amino acid amide
oxibendazole
oxibendazole: structure		2.4620benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester
oxiracetam
oxiracetam: structure in first source		2.4520organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
oxprenolol
Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.		2.9740aromatic ether
oxybenzone
oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.		2.0510hydroxybenzophenone;
monomethoxybenzene		dermatologic drug;
environmental contaminant;
protective agent;
ultraviolet filter;
xenobiotic
oxybutynin
oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		4.2750acetylenic compound;
carboxylic ester;
racemate;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
parasympatholytic
oxyphenbutazone
Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		2.0510phenols;
pyrazolidines		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
drug metabolite;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite
aminosalicylic acid
Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.		4.2750aminobenzoic acid;
phenols		antitubercular agent
palmidrol
palmidrol: a cannabinoid receptor-inactive eCB-related molecule used as prophylactic in helping to prevent respiratory viral infection. palmitoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.		2.610endocannabinoid;
N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine;
N-(saturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticonvulsant;
antihypertensive agent;
neuroprotective agent
pamidronate
[no description available]		4.0840phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole
Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.		5.390aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
papaverine
Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.		4.5670benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
dimethoxybenzene;
isoquinolines		antispasmodic drug;
vasodilator agent
4-dichlorobenzene
dichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.. 1,4-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4.		2.4620dichlorobenzeneinsecticide
pargyline
Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.		2.4620aromatic amine
pd 98059
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.		2.4420aromatic amine;
monomethoxyflavone		EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
pemoline
Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.		4.27501,3-oxazolescentral nervous system stimulant
pentamidine
Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.		4.2750aromatic ether;
carboxamidine;
diether		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
calmodulin antagonist;
chemokine receptor 5 antagonist;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug;
xenobiotic
pentobarbital
Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		3.8630barbituratesGABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline
[no description available]		9.7180oxopurine
perazine
Perazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects.. perazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position.		2.0510N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
phenothiazines		dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
perhexiline
Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.		4.1240piperidinescardiovascular drug
periciazine
periciazine: was heading 1963-94 (Prov 1963-72); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search PROPERICIAZINE 1966-94. periciazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)propyl group at the nitrogen atom and a carbonitrile group at position 2. Periciazine is a first generation antipsychotic.		2.0510hydroxypiperidine;
nitrile;
phenothiazines		adrenergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
sedative
perphenazine
Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.		4.5570N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacetin
Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione		3.77100acetamides;
aromatic ether		cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
phenazopyridine
Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.		2.5820diaminopyridine;
monoazo compound		anticoronaviral agent;
carcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
non-narcotic analgesic
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		4.5470barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
phenolphthalein
Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.		2.0510phenols
phenoxybenzamine
Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.		3.8830aromatic amine
phentermine
Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.		3.2310primary amineadrenergic agent;
appetite depressant;
central nervous system drug;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopaminergic agent;
sympathomimetic agent
4-phenylbutyric acid
4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.		3.7320monocarboxylic acidantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
prodrug
phenylbutazone
Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.		2.9740pyrazolidinesantirheumatic drug;
EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.		2.610acyl fluorideserine proteinase inhibitor
moxonidine
moxonidine: structure given in first source		3.1550organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
pilsicainide
pilsicainide: structure given in first source. pilsicainide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline with the carboxy group of (tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-7a(5H)-yl)acetic acid. It is a sodium channel blocker which is used as an antiarrhythmic drug for the management of atrial tachyarrhythmias in Japan.		3.5720organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide		anti-arrhythmia drug;
sodium channel blocker
pimobendan
pimobendan: produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source		2.5220benzimidazoles;
pyridazinone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
pinacidil
Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)		2.7530pyridines
pindolol
Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.		5.61130indoles;
secondary amine		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
pioglitazone
Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		9391aromatic ether;
pyridines;
thiazolidinediones		antidepressant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug;
PPARgamma agonist;
xenobiotic
pipemidic acid
Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.		2.0510amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
pyridopyrimidine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
piperazine
[no description available]		2.0510azacycloalkane;
piperazines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		anthelminthic drug
piracetam
Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.		2.5520organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
pirbuterol
pirbuterol: structure		2.5320pyridines
pirenzepine
Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.		2.4620pyridobenzodiazepineanti-ulcer drug;
antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
piretanide
piretanide: potent inhibitor of chloride transport; structure		2.4520aromatic ether
piribedil
Piribedil: A dopamine D2 agonist. It is used in the treatment of parkinson disease, particularly for alleviation of tremor. It has also been used for circulatory disorders and in other applications as a D2 agonist.		2.0810N-arylpiperazine
pj-34
PJ34 : A member of the class of phenanthridines that is 5,6-dihydrophenanthridine substituted at positions 2 and 6 by (N,N-dimethylglycyl)amino and oxo groups, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 110 nM and 86 nM, respectively) and exhibits anti-cancer, cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties.		2.610phenanthridines;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antiatherosclerotic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
polythiazide
[no description available]		3.2310benzothiadiazine
potassium iodide
Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals.		2.110potassium saltexpectorant;
radical scavenger
practolol
Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		3.1550acetamides;
ethanolamines;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
duodote
duodote: consists of atropine and pralidoxime chloride; for treating those exposed to organophosphorus-containing nerve agents		3.2310pyridinium ionantidote to organophosphate poisoning;
antidote to sarin poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
cholinesterase reactivator
ono 1078
pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		2.0810chromones
pyranoprofen
pyranoprofen: RN given refers to unlabled parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.4820pyridochromene
praziquantel
azinox: Russian drug		4.6980isoquinolines
prazosin
Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.		5.17140aromatic ether;
furans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperazines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
prilocaine
Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.		2.0410amino acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide		anticonvulsant;
local anaesthetic
primaquine
Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.		4.2650aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
N-substituted diamine		antimalarial
primidone
Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.		4.2750pyrimidoneanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
probenecid
Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.		5.63130benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		uricosuric drug
probucol
Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.		9.8771dithioketal;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antioxidant;
cardiovascular drug
procainamide
Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		5.2890benzamidesanti-arrhythmia drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker
procarbazine
Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		3.5920benzamides;
hydrazines		antineoplastic agent
prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.		4.2650N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antiemetic;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine
Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.		4.0840pyrrolidines;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist
promazine
Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.		2.5220phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
promethazine
Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.		4.6880phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
propafenone
Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.		4.0940aromatic ketone;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
propantheline
Propantheline: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking.		3.5920xanthenes
propiverine
propiverine: anticholinergic used for overactive bladder syndrome		2.0510diarylmethane
propofol
Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.		4.4160phenolsanticonvulsant;
antiemetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
radical scavenger;
sedative
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		10.56210naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
protriptyline
Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.		3.2310carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant
pyridinolcarbamate
Pyridinolcarbamate: A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408)		2.0510pyridines
pyridostigmine
[no description available]		4.0840pyridinium ion
pyrimethamine
Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds		4.4160aminopyrimidine;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
sch 16134
quazepam: structure given in first source		3.2310benzodiazepine
quetiapine
[no description available]		3.2310dibenzothiazepine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
rabeprazole
Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.		4.7950benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
3-[(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-iodo-1H-indol-2-one
[no description available]		2.0810indoles
raloxifene
raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively.		4.42601-benzothiophenes;
aromatic ketone;
N-oxyethylpiperidine;
phenols		bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
ranitidine
[no description available]		5.1130aralkylamine
opc 12759
rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase		2.0510secondary carboxamide
riluzole
Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.		4.5670benzothiazoles
rimantadine
Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.		4.1540alkylamine
risperidone
Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.		10.111301,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
rizatriptan
rizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoate		4.2650tryptaminesanti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
rofecoxib
[no description available]		2.7630butenolide;
sulfone		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
rolipram
[no description available]		2.610pyrrolidin-2-onesantidepressant;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
ropinirole
[no description available]		3.2310indolones;
tertiary amine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
dopamine agonist
saccharin
Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.		2.05101,2-benzisothiazole;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		environmental contaminant;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
salicylamide
salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source		2.0510phenols;
salicylamides		antirheumatic drug;
non-narcotic analgesic
sanguinarine
benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family.		2.0710alkaloid antibiotic;
benzophenanthridine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent
salicylsalicylic acid
salicylsalicylic acid: structure. salsalate : A dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes.		3.2310benzoate ester;
benzoic acids;
phenols;
salicylates		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
sb 206553
SB 206553: a high-affinity 5-HT(2C/2B) antagonist; structure given in first source		2.0810pyrroloindole
sb 220025
SB 220025: inhibits p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; structure in first source. SB220025 : Am member of the class of imidazoles carrying piperidin-4-yl, 4-fluophenyl and 2-aminopyrimidin-4-yl substituents at posiitons 1, 4 and 5 respectively.		2.0810aminopyrimidine;
imidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
sb 202190
4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole: structure given in first source; inhibits p38 MAP kinase		2.0810imidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
phenols;
pyridines		apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
scriptaid
scriptide: provokes translocation of GLUT4 to increase glucose uptake; structure in first source		2.610isoquinolines
sebacic acid
sebacic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane.		2.610alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
secobarbital
Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups.		3.2310barbituratesanaesthesia adjuvant;
GABA modulator;
sedative
carbamylhydrazine
carbamylhydrazine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.110carbohydrazide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound;
ureas
sevoflurane
Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.		3.6120ether;
organofluorine compound		central nervous system depressant;
inhalation anaesthetic;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
sibutramine
sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride		3.5920organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-obesity agent;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
sulfadiazine
Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.		4.5570pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
coccidiostat;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sk&f 86002
6-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-(4-pyridinyl)imidazo(2,1-b)thiazole: inhibits p38 MAP kinase		2.0810imidazoles
risedronic acid
Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.		4.0840pyridines
sotalol
Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.		4.86100ethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
sulfonamide		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt
sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders.		2.0510organic sodium saltEC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
orphan drug;
prodrug
spiperone
Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.		2.110aromatic ketone;
azaspiro compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
fenofibrate
[no description available]		2.610benzochromenone;
delta-lactone;
naphtho-alpha-pyrone		platelet aggregation inhibitor;
Sir2 inhibitor
imatinib
[no description available]		5.99130aromatic amine;
benzamides;
N-methylpiperazine;
pyridines;
pyrimidines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
vorinostat
Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).		4.2750dicarboxylic acid diamide;
hydroxamic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylcholine
Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.		3.2310quaternary ammonium ion;
succinate ester		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
sulconazole
sulconazole: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure given in first source. sulconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-sulconazole. An antifungal agent with activity against Candida species, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-[(4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanyl]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}-1H-imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-ethyl-1H-imidazole in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a (4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanediyl group while a second is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group.		2.0710dichlorobenzene;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
organic sulfide
sulfabenzamide
sulfabenzamide : A sulfonamide containing a benzamido substituent on nitrogen. An antibacterial/antimicrobial, it is often used in conjunction with sulfathiazole and sulfacetamide as a topical, intravaginal antibacterial preparation.		2.4620benzenes;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial drug
sulfacetamide
Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.		2.0810N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
substituted aniline		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.		2.0510aromatic ether;
pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfamerazine
[no description available]		2.4620pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen
sulfameter
Sulfameter: Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.. sulfamethoxydiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having a methoxy substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.0510pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
leprostatic drug;
renal agent
sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.0510pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ligand;
xenobiotic
sulfamethizole
Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.		4.0840sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		3.4670isoxazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
epitope;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
sulfanilamide
[no description available]		2.7530substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfanitran
[no description available]		2.0810sulfonamide
sulfaphenazole
Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.		2.7630primary amino compound;
pyrazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
sulfapyridine
Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.0510pyridines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
dermatologic drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfasalazine
Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.		5.83160
sulfathiazole
Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		3.23101,3-thiazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfinpyrazone
Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.		3.4470pyrazolidines;
sulfoxide		uricosuric drug
sulfisoxazole
Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		3.4670isoxazoles;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
sulfobromophthalein
Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.		2.05102-benzofurans;
organobromine compound;
organosulfonic acid;
phenols		dye
2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol
[no description available]		3.5920alkylbenzene
sulpiride
Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.		3.4470benzamides;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfonamide		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
sultopride
[no description available]		2.0510salicylamides
sumatriptan
Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.		5.12130sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen
Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.		3.1750aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antirheumatic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
suramin
Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.		2.9640naphthalenesulfonic acid;
phenylureas;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
2-[4-(1,2-diphenylbut-1-enyl)phenoxy]-N,N-dimethylethanamine
[no description available]		2.0810stilbenoid
gatifloxacin
Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.		3.4470N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tazarotene
tazarotene: a topical acetylenic retinoid; a topical kerytolytic. tazarotene : The ethyl ester of tazarotenic acid. A prodrug for tazarotenic acid, it is used for the treatment of psoriasis, acne, and sun-damaged skin.		2.0810acetylenic compound;
ethyl ester;
pyridines;
retinoid;
thiochromane		keratolytic drug;
prodrug;
teratogenic agent
tegafur
[no description available]		2.0510organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
telenzepine
telenzepine: structure given in first source		2.0510benzodiazepine
temazepam
Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.		3.5920benzodiazepine
temozolomide
[no description available]		4.2650imidazotetrazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
triazene derivative		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
terazosin
Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia		4.4160furans;
piperazines;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
terbutaline
Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		4.86100phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
terfenadine
Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.		3.3360diarylmethane
tetracaine
Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.		2.0510benzoate ester;
tertiary amino compound		local anaesthetic
tetraethylammonium
Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)		3.8430quaternary ammonium ion
thalidomide
Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.		4.1140phthalimides;
piperidones
thiabendazole
Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate		3.87301,3-thiazoles;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug
2,4-thiazolidinedione
thiazolidine-2,4-dione: structure in first source. 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione : A thiazolidenedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 2 and 4.		2.1110thiazolidenedione
thioridazine
Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.		4.8250phenothiazines;
piperidines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa
Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).		4.4260aziridines
tiapride
[no description available]		2.0810benzamides
tiaprofenic acid
tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group.		2.4620aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		drug allergen;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ticlopidine
Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.		12.27269monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
hematologic agent;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tilorone
Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.. tilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug.		2.4720aromatic ether;
diether;
fluoren-9-ones;
tertiary amino compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
interferon inducer;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
tinidazole
Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.		4.4260imidazolesantiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
tioconazole
tioconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tioconazole.. 1-{2-[(2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that comprises 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethylimidazole carrying an additional (2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy substituent at position 2.		2.0710dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
thiophenes
tiopronin
Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.		3.5920N-acyl-amino acid
tizanidine
tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.		4.5570benzothiadiazole;
imidazoles		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
muscle relaxant
nikethamide
Nikethamide: A central nervous system stimulant. It was formerly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose but is now considered to be of no value for such purposes and may be dangerous. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1229)		2.0810pyridinecarboxamide
tolazamide
Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		4.0840N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
potassium channel blocker
tolbutamide
Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.		4.95110N-sulfonylureahuman metabolite;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
potassium channel blocker
tolmetin
Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.		4.0840aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrroles		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tolnaftate
[no description available]		2.0810monothiocarbamic esterantifungal drug
tolperisone
Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211)		2.0510aromatic ketone
ultram
2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.		4.4160aromatic ether;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid
Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.		4.4260amino acid
trapidil
Trapidil: A coronary vasodilator agent.		2.0510triazolopyrimidines
trazodone
Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.		4.6780monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazolopyridine		adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
trequinsin
trequinsin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0710pyridopyrimidine
triamterene
Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.		4.4460pteridinesdiuretic;
sodium channel blocker
triazolam
Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.		4.2650triazolobenzodiazepinesedative
triclosan
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
fungicide;
persistent organic pollutant;
xenobiotic
trifluoperazine
[no description available]		4.350N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
calmodulin antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
triflupromazine
Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.		2.5420organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
trigonelline
trigonelline: in hydra among other organisms; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure. N-methylnicotinic acid : A pyridinium ion consisting of nicotinic acid having a methyl substituent on the pyridine nitrogen.. N-methylnicotinate : An iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.		2.610alkaloid;
iminium betaine		food component;
human urinary metabolite;
plant metabolite
trihexyphenidyl
Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.		3.2310amine
trimethadione
Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.		4.0840oxazolidinoneanticonvulsant;
geroprotector
trimethobenzamide
trimethobenzamide: major descriptor (64-84); on-line search BENZAMIDES (64-84); Index Medicus search TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethobenzamide : The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.		3.7320benzamides;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		5.26150aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
trimetrexate
Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.		3.8530
trimipramine
Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.		3.8730dibenzoazepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
troglitazone
Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.		4.96110chromanes;
thiazolidinone		anticoagulant;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
thenoyltrifluoroacetone
Thenoyltrifluoroacetone: Chelating agent and inhibitor of cellular respiration.		2.0810
tyramine
[no description available]		3.2310monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
tyrphostin a9
[no description available]		2.610alkylbenzenegeroprotector
delavirdine
Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		5.0340aminopyridine;
indolecarboxamide;
N-acylpiperazine;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
undecylenic acid
undecylenic acid: a fatty acid with a terminal double bond. 10-undecenoic acid : An undecenoic acid having its double bond in the 10-position. It is derived from castor oil and is used for the treatment of skin problems.. undecenoic acid : A C11, straight-chain fatty acid carrying a C=C double bond at any position.		2.0810undecenoic acidantifungal drug;
plant metabolite
urapidil
[no description available]		3.1550piperazines
venlafaxine
venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.		4.6680cyclohexanols;
monomethoxybenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
xenobiotic
vesnarinone
[no description available]		2.5420organic molecular entity
vigabatrin
[no description available]		4.0940gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
viloxazine
Viloxazine: A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE.		2.4520aromatic ether
pirinixic acid
pirinixic acid: structure		2.9840aryl sulfide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrimidines
ici 204,219
zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		4.6880carbamate ester;
indoles;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		anti-asthmatic agent;
leukotriene antagonist
zaleplon
zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.		4.4360nitrile;
pyrazolopyrimidine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
central nervous system depressant;
sedative
cn 100
CN 100: structure given in first source		2.0610organic molecular entity
zolpidem
Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.		4.6680imidazopyridinecentral nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
sedative
zomepirac
zomepirac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.4620aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrroles		cardiovascular drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
zonisamide
Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.		4.09401,2-benzoxazoles;
sulfonamide		anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
central nervous system drug;
protective agent;
T-type calcium channel blocker
zopiclone
zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.		2.9740monochloropyridine;
pyrrolopyrazine		central nervous system depressant;
sedative
guanidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510one-carbon compound;
organic chloride salt		protein denaturant
hydrocortisone acetate
hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0510cortisol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cortisone acetate
Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders.		3.5920corticosteroid hormone
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		3.5920mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
oxyphenonium
Oxyphenonium: A quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent with peripheral side effects similar to those of ATROPINE. It is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, and to relieve visceral spasms. The drug has also been used in the form of eye drops for mydriatic effect.		2.4620acylcholine
corticosterone
[no description available]		3.185011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		4.9511011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
estriol
hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.		2.051016alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		estrogen;
human metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
reserpine
Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.		4.9660alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
cephaloridine
Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.		2.9740beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
phentolamine
Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.		3.8830imidazoles;
phenols;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
sorbitol
D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).		4.0840glucitolcathartic;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food humectant;
human metabolite;
laxative;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
alloxan
Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.		7.4620pyrimidonehyperglycemic agent;
metabolite
floxuridine
Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.		2.7530nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide
[no description available]		2.0510benzodioxolespesticide synergist
benzimidazole
1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.		2.4620benzimidazole;
polycyclic heteroarene
bromouracil
Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.		2.0510nucleobase analogue;
pyrimidines		mutagen
3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid
tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.		2.0510
isoproterenol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620catechols
histamine dihydrochloride
Ceplene: Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride.		2.0510
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		3.87302-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
dextroamphetamine
Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.		3.86301-phenylpropan-2-amineadrenergic agent;
adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
dopaminergic agent;
neurotoxin;
sympathomimetic agent
methacetin
methacetin: RN given refers to parent cpd. methacetin : A member of the class of acetamides that is paracetamol in which the hydrogen of phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.		3.4811acetamides;
aromatic ether
carbachol
Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.		2.0510ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
norethindrone acetate
norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.		2.05103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
spironolactone
Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.		9.252153-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid lactone;
thioester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cyclobarbital
cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative		2.0510barbiturates
aldosterone
[no description available]		9.7317611beta-hydroxy steroid;
18-oxo steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid aldehyde		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
allobarbital
allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects		2.0510barbiturates
penicillamine
Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.		3.8730non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
penicillamine		antirheumatic drug;
chelator;
copper chelator;
drug allergen
trichlorfon
Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.0510organic phosphonate;
organochlorine compound;
phosphonic ester		agrochemical;
anthelminthic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
cysteine
[no description available]		3.2310cysteine zwitterion;
cysteine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		4.678011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
estrone
Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.		4.926017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
oxandrolone
Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.		3.592017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
oxa-steroid		anabolic agent;
androgen
dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.		2.051017-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
promazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochloride
nad
[no description available]		2.0510NADgeroprotector
2-acetylaminofluorene
2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.		2.05102-acetamidofluorenesantimitotic;
carcinogenic agent;
epitope;
mutagen
penicillin g
Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.		4.5570penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
epitope
idoxuridine
[no description available]		2.7930organoiodine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
pilocarpine
Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.		4.0840pilocarpineantiglaucoma drug
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		4.27502-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
diethylnitrosamine
Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.		2.7220nitrosaminecarcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
mutagen
isonicotinic acid
isonicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is at position 4 of the pyridine ring.		2.0510pyridinemonocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
human metabolite
carbon tetrachloride
Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.		3.680chlorocarbon;
chloromethanes		hepatotoxic agent;
refrigerant
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		2.0510alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		2.830L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone acetate
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate: The 21-acetate derivative of desoxycorticosterone.		2.0810corticosteroid hormone
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide
4-nitroquinoline N-oxide : A quinoline N-oxide carrying a nitro substituent at position 4.		2.0810C-nitro compound;
quinoline N-oxide		carcinogenic agent
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		4.96110C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		3.5920amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		9.4841aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cetrimonium bromide
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.		2.0510organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		detergent;
surfactant
vincristine
[no description available]		4.2650acetate ester;
formamides;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
physostigmine
Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.		4.2650carbamate ester;
indole alkaloid		antidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
miotic
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		2.4620glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol
Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.		3.447017-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
testosterone propionate
Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.		2.0510steroid ester
tubocurarine
Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.		2.7730bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloiddrug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
apomorphine
Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.		4.2650aporphine alkaloidalpha-adrenergic drug;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
emetic;
serotonergic drug
aminopyrine
Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.		2.7530pyrazolone;
tertiary amino compound		antipyretic;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
methyltestosterone
Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.		3.592017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
enone		anabolic agent;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent
promethazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochlorideanti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
tetrabenazine
9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.		3.5920benzoquinolizine;
cyclic ketone;
tertiary amino compound
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		210adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
cephalothin
Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.		2.4520azabicycloalkene;
beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative;
thiophenes		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
uridine
[no description available]		2.0510uridinesdrug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
kanamycin a
Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.		4.4360kanamycinsbacterial metabolite
phenylephrine
Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		3.1450phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
mydriatic agent;
nasal decongestant;
protective agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa
Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease		3.5680amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		3.2310ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
phenylethyl alcohol
Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.		2.610benzenes;
primary alcohol		Aspergillus metabolite;
fragrance;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		4.3741amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
cysteamine
Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.		3.2310amine;
thiol		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
acetylcholine chloride
acetylcholine chloride : The chloride salt of acetylcholine, and a parasympatomimetic drug.		3.8630quaternary ammonium salt
mepazine
mepazine: major descriptor (66-85); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-85); Index Medicus search MEPAZINE (66-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. pacatal : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has an N-methylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl substituent at the N-10 position.		3.2310phenothiazines
methoxamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620dimethoxybenzene
methicillin
Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.		2.7830penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
niridazole
Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.		2.05101,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound
cloxacillin
Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.		3.5920penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
bretylium tosylate
Bretylium Tosylate: An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.. bretylium tosylate : The tosylate salt of bretylium. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.		2.0510organosulfonate salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent
zoxazolamine
Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.		2.610benzoxazole
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		2.4110amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
berlition
berlition: antioxidant preparation containing alpha-lipoic acid, used in the neuroprotective therapy of chronic brain ischemia for correction of free-radical processes. (R)-lipoic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of lipoic acid. A vitamin-like, C8 thia fatty acid with anti-oxidant properties.. lipoic acid : A heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position.		2.0810dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
lipoic acid;
thia fatty acid		cofactor;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group
calcium acetate
calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.		3.2310calcium saltchelator
dimethylnitrosamine
Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.		2.4620nitrosaminegeroprotector;
mutagen
carbaryl
Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.		2.0510carbamate ester;
naphthalenes		acaricide;
agrochemical;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant growth retardant
lactose
Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.		340lactose
primaquine phosphate
[no description available]		2.7530
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		3.8630aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		3.8430amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
Mebutamate
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		4.7890alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
gallamine triethiodide
Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)		2.4620
mebanazine
mebanazine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.2310benzenes
uracil mustard
Uracil Mustard: Nitrogen mustard derivative of URACIL. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage.		2.4620aminouracil;
nitrogen mustard
oxacillin
Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.		3.8530penicillinantibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		3.730antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
ficusin
Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia.		2.610psoralensplant metabolite
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		2.9840chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
triamcinolone diacetate
triamcinolone diacetate: lysyl oxidase antagonist; Polcortolon may also refers to triamcinolone		2.0810corticosteroid hormone
dimethylformamide
Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.		2.0510formamides;
volatile organic compound		geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
polar aprotic solvent
norethindrone
Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.		2.974017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary alcohol		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel
Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.		2.0510oxo steroid
cycloserine
Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).		3.59204-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
zwitterion		antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antitubercular agent;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
benziodarone
benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74)		3.5920aromatic ketone
quinacrine monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510
tubercidin
Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.		2.610antibiotic antifungal agent;
N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine;
ribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
ampicillin
Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.		4.4160beta-lactam antibiotic;
penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
mannitol
[no description available]		4.2650mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
cytarabine
[no description available]		3.8730beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
trifluridine
Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.		2.610nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
ornithine
Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.		2.4110non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
ornithine		algal metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
mouse metabolite
medroxyprogesterone acetate
[no description available]		2.984020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
steroid ester		adjuvant;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
female contraceptive drug;
inhibitor;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
sulfobromophthalein sodium
bromosulfophthalein sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of bromosulfophthalein.. bromosulfophthalein : An organosulfonic acid that consists of phthalide bearing four bromo substituents at positions 4, 5, 6 and 7 as well as two 4-hydroxy-3-sulfophenyl groups both located at position 1.		3.5720organic sodium saltdye
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		16.869728L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine
Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.4720amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol
[no description available]		2.753017beta-hydroxy steroid;
aromatic ether;
terminal acetylenic compound		prodrug;
xenoestrogen
methaqualone
Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s.		2.0510quinazolinesGABA agonist;
sedative
trypan blue
VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution.		2.0510
cordycepin
[no description available]		2.05103'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines		antimetabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		2.5320erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine
Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.		2.4110aspartate family amino acid;
isoleucine;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		7.33123arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.0610aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
trichloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
perflutren
Definity: a fluorocarbon-filled ultrasonic contrast agent; Definity is tradename. octafluoropropane : A fluorocarbon that is propane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.		3.2310fluoroalkane;
fluorocarbon
triamcinolone acetonide
Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.		2.753011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
fluoxymesterone
Fluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.		3.231011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
fluorinated steroid		anabolic agent;
antineoplastic agent
allylpropymal
allylpropymal: RN given refers to parent cpd. aprobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5.		2.0510barbiturates
phencyclidine
Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.		3.1550benzenes;
piperidines		anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug
butobarbital
butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital)		2.0510barbiturates
methsuximide
methsuximide: anticonvulsant effective in petit mal & psychomotor epilepsy; has a number of unpleasant & toxic side effects; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SUCCINIMIDES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.2310organic molecular entity
tromethamine
Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)		3.8630primary amino compound;
triol		buffer
trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.		2.7530chloroethenesinhalation anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite
dichloroacetic acid
[no description available]		2.0410monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		astringent;
marine metabolite
dehydrocholic acid
Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton.		2.051012-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-5beta-steroid;
7-oxo steroid;
oxo-5beta-cholanic acid		gastrointestinal drug
taurocholic acid
Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.		4.2950amino sulfonic acid;
bile acid taurine conjugate		human metabolite
cyclizine
Cyclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935). cyclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group.		2.4620N-alkylpiperazineantiemetic;
central nervous system depressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic
methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.		4.66806-methylprednisolone;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antiemetic;
environmental contaminant;
neuroprotective agent;
xenobiotic
rotenone
Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.		7.9940organic heteropentacyclic compound;
rotenones		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor;
phytogenic insecticide;
piscicide;
toxin
9,10-anthraquinone
9,10-anthraquinone : An anthraquinone that is anthracene in which positions 9 and 10 have been oxidised to carbonyls.		2.610anthraquinone
diquat
Diquat: A contact herbicide used also to produce desiccation and defoliation. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). diquat : The organic cation formed formally by addition of an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms of 2,2'-bipyridine. Most often available as the dibromide.		2.0510organic cationdefoliant;
herbicide
brompheniramine
Brompheniramine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.. brompheniramine : Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		3.6120organobromine compound;
pyridines		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
penicillin v
Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.		4.4160penicillin allergen;
penicillin
salicylanilide
salicylanilide: RN given refers to parent cpd. salicylanilide : An amide of salicylic acid and of aniline; it is therefore both a salicylamide and an anilide.		2.610benzanilide fungicide;
salicylamides;
salicylanilides
isosorbide dinitrate
Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.		4.2650glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
gramine
gramine : An aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3.		2.610aminoalkylindole;
indole alkaloid;
tertiary amino compound		antibacterial agent;
antiviral agent;
plant metabolite;
serotonergic antagonist
hexachlorobutadiene
hexachlorobutadiene: a potent nephrotoxicant in rats; structure		2.0510organochlorine compound
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source		3.1850pyrrolidin-2-ones
aminacrine
Aminacrine: A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.. 9-aminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by an amino group. A fluorescent dyd and topical antiseptic agent, it is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) in eye drops for the treatment of superficial eye infections.		2.610aminoacridines;
primary amino compound		acid-base indicator;
antiinfective agent;
antiseptic drug;
fluorescent dye;
MALDI matrix material;
mutagen
pseudoephedrine
Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.		3.2310phenylethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
central nervous system drug;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
diethylpropion
Diethylpropion: A appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290). diethylpropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which one of the hydrogens alpha- to the carbonyl is substituted by a diethylamino group. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, it is an appetite depressant and is used as the hydrochloride as an anoretic in the short term management of obesity.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
tertiary amine		appetite depressant
diphenyl
diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure		2.5520aromatic fungicide;
benzenes;
biphenyls		antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial food preservative
xanthenes
Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.		2.1710xanthene
phenothiazine
10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.		2.4620phenothiazineferroptosis inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
synephrine
[no description available]		2.0510ethanolamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenols		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
plant metabolite
benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.		2.0510carbonyl compound
benzothiophene
[no description available]		2.07101-benzothiophenes;
benzothiophene
2-bromophenol
bromophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded bromine atoms.		2.4620bromophenolmarine metabolite
ethylene dimethacrylate
ethylene glycol dimethacrylate : The enoate ester that is the 1,2-bis(methacryloyl) derivative of ethylene glycol.		2.1110enoate esterallergen;
cross-linking reagent;
polymerisation monomer
methyl gallate
methyl gallate: has both immunosuppressive and phytogenic antineoplastic activities; isolated from Acer saccharinum. methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with methanol. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.		2.610gallate esteranti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
3-dinitrobenzene
dinitrobenzene : Any member of the class of nitrobenzenes that consists of a benzene ring substituted by two nitro groups. A closed class.. 1,3-dinitrobenzene : A dinitrobenzene that is benzene disubstituted at positions 1 and 3 with nitro groups.		2.0510dinitrobenzeneneurotoxin
pyridostigmine bromide
Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.		2.4620pyridinium salt
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane : An aromatic amine that is diphenylmethane substituted at the 4-position of each benzene ring by an amino group.		2.4620aromatic amineallergen;
carcinogenic agent
monobenzone
monobenzone: structure. monobenzone : The monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone. It is used as a topical drug for medical depigmentation.		2.5820benzyl etherallergen;
dermatologic drug;
melanin synthesis inhibitor
phenylisothiocyanate
phenylisothiocyanate: structure. phenyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenyl group attached to the nitrogen; used for amino acid sequencing in the Edman degradation.		2.4620isothiocyanateallergen;
reagent
benzonatate
benzonatate: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1107. benzonatate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with nonaethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Structurally related to procaine and benzocaine, it has an anaesthetic effect on the stretch sensors in the lungs, and is used as a non-narcotic cough suppressant.		3.2310benzoate ester;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		anaesthetic;
antitussive
4-bromophenol
4-bromophenol : A bromophenol containing only hydroxy and bromo substituents that are para to one another.		2.4620bromophenolhuman urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
marine metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
persistent organic pollutant;
rat metabolite
2-bromoethylamine
[no description available]		2.4620
allylamine
Allylamine: Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE cells in dogs and rats. Useful for experiments dealing with arterial injury, myocardial fibrosis or cardiac decompensation.		2.2510alkylamine
allyl alcohol
allyl alcohol: structure. allylic alcohol : An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).. allyl alcohol : A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds.		2.4620primary allylic alcohol;
propenol		antibacterial agent;
fungicide;
herbicide;
insecticide;
plant metabolite
bromobenzene
[no description available]		2.4620bromoarene;
bromobenzenes;
volatile organic compound		hepatotoxic agent;
mouse metabolite;
non-polar solvent
cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.		2.2110cyclohexanols;
secondary alcohol		solvent
n-pentanoic acid
n-pentanoic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. valeric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms.		2.0510short-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		plant metabolite
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		5.1252pyrrole;
secondary amine
furan
furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.		2.0510furans;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene		carcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
Maillard reaction product
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		10.72223mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
ergotamine
Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.		2.4520peptide ergot alkaloidalpha-adrenergic agonist;
mycotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
oxytocic;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
methylergonovine
Methylergonovine: A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)		3.6120ergoline alkaloid
imipramine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochlorideantidepressant
neostigmine bromide
neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.		2.7430bromide salt
phenformin
Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.		3.1950biguanidesantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
mephobarbital
Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		2.7530barbituratesanticonvulsant
edrophonium chloride
edrophonium chloride : The chloride salt of edrophonium. A reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes), it is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.		2.4620chloride salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		antidote;
diagnostic agent;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.		2.0510aromatic fungicide;
chlorobenzenes		antifungal agrochemical;
carcinogenic agent;
persistent organic pollutant
trinitrotoluene
Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.		2.0510trinitrotolueneexplosive
framycetin
Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.		2.7530aminoglycosideallergen;
antibacterial drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite
triethylamine
[no description available]		2.0610tertiary amine
pyrazolanthrone
pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.		2.0510anthrapyrazole;
aromatic ketone;
cyclic ketone		antineoplastic agent;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
geroprotector
di-n-pentyl phthalate
dipentyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the dipentyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.		2.4620diester;
phthalate ester		plasticiser
meglumine
Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.		2.0510hexosamine;
secondary amino compound
cinchophen
cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94		4.0840quinolines
2-naphthol
2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.		2.1310naphtholantinematodal drug;
genotoxin;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
phenazopyridine hydrochloride
phenazopyridine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining phenazopyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.		2.4620hydrochloridecarcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
non-narcotic analgesic
tetrracaine hydrochloride
leocaine: a crystal beta-modification of the beta-dimethylaminoethyl ether of n-butylaminobenzoic acid hydrochloride		2.4620benzoate ester
yohimbine
Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.		2.0510methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylatealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
diphenhydramine hydrochloride
Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.		2.4620hydrochloride;
organoammonium salt		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
sedative
nafcillin
Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.		3.8530penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
ditiocarb
Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.		2.610dithiocarbamic acidschelator;
copper chelator
mequinol
mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510methoxybenzenes;
phenols		metabolite
methohexital
Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.		3.5820acetylenic compound;
barbiturates		drug allergen;
intravenous anaesthetic
quinestrol
Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011)		2.051017-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
dydrogesterone
[no description available]		2.051020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid		progestin
catechin
Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.		2.610catechinantioxidant;
plant metabolite
tripelennamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		2.4820azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
indazoles
Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.		2.0510indazole
benzofuran
benzofuran: RN & structure given in first source. 1-benzofuran : A benzofuran consisting of fused benzene and furan rings. It is the parent compound of the class of 1-benzofurans.		2.07101-benzofurans;
benzofuran
1,3-benzodioxole
1,3-benzodioxole : A benzodioxole consisting of a benzene ring substituted by a the methylenedioxy group.		3.5110benzodioxole
adamantane
Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.		2.110adamantanes;
polycyclic alkane
isoxazoles
Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.		5.4841isoxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		4.35401,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines
Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.		5.0931diazine;
pyrazines		Daphnia magna metabolite
ethynodiol diacetate
Ethynodiol Diacetate: A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		2.7630steroid ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
estrogen receptor modulator;
synthetic oral contraceptive
ephedrine
Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.		3.5920phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenylethanolamines		bacterial metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		2.4620azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
chlormadinone acetate
Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		2.0510corticosteroid hormone
pirinitramide
Pirinitramide: A diphenylpropylamine with intense narcotic analgesic activity of long duration. It is a derivative of MEPERIDINE with similar activity and usage.		2.4520nitrile
edrophonium bromide
[no description available]		2.0410
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510
evans blue
Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.		2.0510organic sodium saltfluorochrome;
histological dye;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
apomorphine hydrochloride, anhydrous
[no description available]		2.0510
monocrotaline
Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.		2.9840pyrrolizidine alkaloid
testosterone enanthate
[no description available]		2.0510heptanoate ester;
sterol ester		androgen
aminophylline
Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.		3.8730mixturebronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		4.6880N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
phenyramidol
phenyramidol: considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity		2.0510aminopyridine
carbutamide
Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)		2.0510benzenes;
sulfonamide
pseudoephedrine hydrochloride
pseudoephedrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of pseudoephedrine.		2.4620hydrochlorideplant metabolite
galantamine
Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.		4.2650benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent;
benzazepine alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to curare poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
nandrolone decanoate
Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.5920steroid ester
bucladesine
[no description available]		2.05103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
butanamides;
butyrate ester		agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
vasodilator agent
procarbazine hydrochloride
procarbazine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining procarbazine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		2.7630hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
cuprizone
[no description available]		7.3110organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
betamethasone
Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)		3.447011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(n,n-dimethyl-n-2-propenyl-), dibromide
Benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-), Dibromide: Proposed cholinesterase inhibitor.		2.0510
perflubron
perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.		2.0510haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
perfluorinated compound		blood substitute;
radioopaque medium
cyproterone acetate
[no description available]		2.753020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
chlorinated steroid;
steroid ester		androgen antagonist;
geroprotector;
progestin
lithocholic acid
Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.		2.4620bile acid;
C24-steroid;
monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fluorobenzenes
Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.		6.9574monofluorobenzenesNMR chemical shift reference compound
dextropropoxyphene
Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.		3.86301-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoatemu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
ketobemidone
ketobemidone: structure		2.0410piperidines
glycyrrhetinic acid
[no description available]		2.4820cyclic terpene ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		immunomodulator;
plant metabolite
chenodeoxycholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		4.2750bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
glycocholic acid
Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.0710bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
lucanthone
Lucanthone: One of the SCHISTOSOMICIDES, it has been replaced largely by HYCANTHONE and more recently PRAZIQUANTEL. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46). lucanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. Formerly used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It is a prodrug, being metabolised to hycanthone.		2.610thioxanthenesadjuvant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
mutagen;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
schistosomicide drug
cepharanthine
cepharanthine: isoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of STEPHANIA; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. cepharanthine : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.		2.610bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines
aloe emodin
aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe.		2.610aromatic primary alcohol;
dihydroxyanthraquinone		antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
chrysophanic acid
chrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260. chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.		2.610dihydroxyanthraquinoneanti-inflammatory agent;
antiviral agent;
plant metabolite
emetine
Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.		2.8130isoquinoline alkaloid;
pyridoisoquinoline		antiamoebic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiviral agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
emetic;
expectorant;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
osthol
osthol: from Cnidium monnieri and Angelica pubescens (both Apiaceae); structure given in first source		2.610botanical anti-fungal agent;
coumarins		metabolite
dihydralazine
Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)		2.0510phthalazines
flavanone
flavanone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source. flavanone : The simplest member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavan bearing an oxo substituent at position 4.		2.610flavanones
phenylpropanolamine
Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.		2.0510amphetamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid		plant metabolite
sodium carbonate
sodium carbonate: used topically for dermatitides, mouthwash, vaginal douche; veterinary use as emergency emetic; RN given refers to carbonic acid, di-Na salt; structure		2.0810carbonate salt;
organic sodium salt
phloretic acid
phloretic acid: structure. N-hydroxysuccinimide ester : An ester of N-hydroxysuccinimide.. phloretic acid : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of propionic acid having a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at the 3-position.		2.610hydroxy monocarboxylic acidplant metabolite
4-hydroxybutyric acid
4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.23104-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		general anaesthetic;
GHB receptor agonist;
neurotoxin;
sedative
thiazolidines
Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.		3.8120thiazolidine
oleanolic acid
[no description available]		2.6320hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		plant metabolite
dihydroergotamine
Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.		3.8730ergot alkaloid;
semisynthetic derivative		dopamine agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic;
serotonergic agonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
hematoxylin
Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.		2.4110organic heterotetracyclic compound;
oxacycle;
polyphenol;
tertiary alcohol		histological dye;
plant metabolite
podophyllotoxin
Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.		2.4720furonaphthodioxole;
lignan;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
hesperidin
Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.05103'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
flavanone glycoside;
monomethoxyflavanone;
rutinoside		mutagen
medroxyprogesterone
[no description available]		3.231017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
dequalinium chloride
dequalinium chloride : An organic chloride salt that is the dichloride salt of dequalinium.		2.0710organic chloride saltantifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiseptic drug;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor
angelicin
angelicin: used as tranquillizer; sedative; or anticonvulsant; structure		2.610furanocoumarin
dimenhydrinate
gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source		3.6120diarylmethane
chlormethiazole
Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.		2.7430thiazoles
diperodon
diperodon: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.610carbamate ester
methamphetamine
Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.		4.140amphetamines;
secondary amine		central nervous system stimulant;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
psychotropic drug;
xenobiotic
levocarnitine
(R)-carnitine : The (R)-enantiomer of carnitine.		3.2310carnitineantilipemic drug;
nootropic agent;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
water-soluble vitamin (role)
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		4.1140dialdehydebiomarker
sulfanilylurea
sulfanilylurea: antimicrobial agent; structure		3.2310benzenes;
sulfonamide
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.		3.0110arenesulfonic acid;
C-nitro compound		epitope;
explosive;
reagent
eosine yellowish-(ys)
Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.		2.4110organic sodium salt;
organobromine compound		fluorochrome;
histological dye
gentian violet
Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.		2.0510organic chloride saltanthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antiseptic drug;
histological dye
amitriptyline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620organic tricyclic compound
1-naphthylisothiocyanate
1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.		2.9840isothiocyanateinsecticide
hematoporphyrin
Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.		2.0510
lithium carbonate
Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.		2.0410carbonate salt;
lithium salt		antimanic drug
glycerylphosphorylcholine
Glycerylphosphorylcholine: A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed)		2.1310glycerophosphocholine
formestane
[no description available]		2.081017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
enol;
hydroxy steroid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
congo red
Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.		2.0810bis(azo) compound
lactulose
[no description available]		4.0840glycosylfructosegastrointestinal drug;
laxative
isoxsuprine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620alkylbenzene
betaine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
megestrol acetate
[no description available]		2.813020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
steroid ester		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
pamabrom
[no description available]		3.2310
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		11.78101acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
3-hydroxyacetanilide
metacetamol : A derivative of phenol which has an acetamido substituent located meta to the phenolic -OH group. It is a non-toxic regioisomer of paracetamol with analgesic properties, but has never been marketed as a drug.		2.4620acetamides;
phenols		non-narcotic analgesic
methoxyacetic acid
methoxyacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methoxyacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a methoxy group.		2.4620ether;
monocarboxylic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mutagen
Berberine chloride (TN)
[no description available]		3.5820organic molecular entity
glycochenodeoxycholic acid
Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycochenodeoxycholate : A N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of glycochenodeoxycholic acid.. glycochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oyl as the bile acid component.		2.0710bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
benzydamine
Benzydamine: A benzyl-indazole having analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to reduce post-surgical and post-traumatic pain and edema and to promote healing. It is also used topically in treatment of RHEUMATIC DISEASES and INFLAMMATION of the mouth and throat.. benzydamine : A member of the class of indazoles carrying benzyl and 3-(dimethylamino)propyl groups at positions 1 and 3 respectively. A locally-acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that also exhibits local anaesthetic and analgesic properties.		2.0810aromatic ether;
indazoles;
tertiary amino compound		analgesic;
central nervous system stimulant;
hallucinogen;
local anaesthetic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
erythromycin stearate
[no description available]		2.0510aminoglycoside
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		5.11130cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
formal glycol
[no description available]		2.0410cyclic acetal;
dioxolane
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.		3.151017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
hydroxychloroquine sulfate
[no description available]		2.8330
levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.		4.084017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
4-nitrophenyl acetate
[no description available]		2.1510C-nitro compound;
phenyl acetates
lormetazepam
lormetazepam: RN given refers to cpd with specified locant for methyl group; structure given in first source. lormetazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position, a 2-chlorophenyl group at the 5-position and a chloro substituent at the 7-position.		2.96401,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		sedative
vinblastine
[no description available]		4.5470
diphenoxylate
Diphenoxylate: A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.. diphenoxylate : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of difenoxin.		3.2310ethyl ester;
nitrile;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amine		antidiarrhoeal drug
1-methylpyridinium
1-methylpyridinium: RN given refers to parent cpd		3.5720methylpyridines
cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous)
cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : The hydrochloride salt of cyproheptadine. Note that the drug named cyproheptadine hydrochloride generally refers to cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate.		2.4620hydrochloride
estradiol valerate
[no description available]		2.0510steroid ester
ethambutol hydrochloride
ethambutol dihydrochloride : The dihydrchloride salt of ethambutol. A bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, it is effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol dihydrochloride is used alone.		2.0810hydrochlorideantitubercular agent
ethambutol
Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.		4.4660ethanolamines;
ethylenediamine derivative		antitubercular agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
metformin hydrochloride
metformin hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of metformin with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride.		2.610hydrochlorideenvironmental contaminant;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
sorbitan monostearate
sorbitan monostearate: Stearic Acid was the HM (74-82), no longer an active MH		2.1710
antimycin a
[no description available]		3.1950benzamides;
formamides;
macrodiolide;
phenols		antifungal agent;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
piscicide
vancomycin
Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.		4.6780glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
glycyrrhizic acid
glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.		2.0710enone;
glucosiduronic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
tricarboxylic acid;
triterpenoid saponin		EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		3.8730alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
pregnenolone carbonitrile
Pregnenolone Carbonitrile: A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.		2.4720aliphatic nitrile
ibufenac
ibufenac: used in the treatment of rheumatism; also possesses antipyretic properties; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search PHENYLACETATES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. ibufenac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-isobutylphenyl group. Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical use of ibufenac was discontinued due to hepatotoxic side-effects.		3.8630monocarboxylic acidEC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metylperon
metylperon: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4620aromatic ketone
metaxalone
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic ether
spectinomycin
Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.		3.5820cyclic acetal;
cyclic hemiketal;
cyclic ketone;
pyranobenzodioxin;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin: A mixture of isomers.		2.0510polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl
5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl: structure in first source		2.610bipyridines
dichlorobenzyl alcohol
2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol : A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 are replaced by chlorines.		2.610benzyl alcohols;
dichlorobenzene		antiseptic drug
paraquat
Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.		2.4620organic cationgeroprotector;
herbicide
dronabinol
Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.		4.0940benzochromene;
diterpenoid;
phytocannabinoid;
polyketide		cannabinoid receptor agonist;
epitope;
hallucinogen;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic
amiloride hydrochloride, anhydrous
amiloride hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining amiloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.0810hydrochloridediuretic;
sodium channel blocker
amiloride
Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.		7.9272aromatic amine;
guanidines;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines		diuretic;
sodium channel blocker
pimozide
Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.		4.4360benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound		antidyskinesia agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
benperidol
Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)		2.0410aromatic ketone
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid: a proline analog (with 4-membered ring in place of 5); a toxic non-protein amino acid that is misincorporated into protein in place of proline; induces nonfunctional heat-shock proteins; inhibits acquired thermotolerance; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; found in beets and Liliaceae. (S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid : The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.. azetidinecarboxylic acid : A member of the class of azetidines that is azetidine substituted by at least one carboxy group at unspecified position.		2.4820azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
guanoxan
guanoxan: was MH 1976-92 (see under GUANIDINES 1976-90); use GUANIDINES to search GUANOXAN 1976-92; antihypertensive agent similar in its mechanism of action to guanethidine; may cause liver damage		2.7530benzodioxine
phenethyl isothiocyanate
phenethyl isothiocyanate: a dietary liver aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor; promotes urinary bladder carcinoma. phenethyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenethyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is a naturally occurring compound found in some cruciferous vegetables (e.g. watercress) and is known to possess anticancer properties.		2.0710isothiocyanateantineoplastic agent;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
metabolite
dexbrompheniramine
dexbrompheniramine : The (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		3.2310brompheniramineanti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
sulfadoxine
Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.		2.0510pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antimalarial
benzyltriethylammonium
benzyltriethylammonium: a surface-active agent		2.4110
acadesine
[no description available]		2.47201-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide;
aminoimidazole;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
chlordesmethyldiazepam
[no description available]		2.0410benzodiazepine
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		4.7890dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
doxifluridine
doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.		2.9640organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
dicloxacillin
Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.		4.4160dichlorobenzene;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
sabinene
sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.		2.0510thujeneplant metabolite
iproclozide
iproclozide: structure		2.0510aromatic ether
megestrol
Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.		3.231017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
streptomycin
[no description available]		4.5670antibiotic antifungal drug;
antibiotic fungicide;
streptomycins		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
antimicrobial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
carbonates
Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.		2.0810carbon oxoanion
nitroxoline
nitroxoline: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6475; RN given refers to parent cpd. nitroxoline : A monohydroxyquinoline in which the hydroxy group is positioned at C-8 with a nitro group trans to it at C-5.		2.0810C-nitro compound;
monohydroxyquinoline		antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
renal agent
dideoxyadenosine
Dideoxyadenosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.		2.610adenosines;
purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
clonidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620dichlorobenzene
cladribine
[no description available]		4.6780organochlorine compound;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent
beclomethasone
[no description available]		2.11011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
corticosteroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug
ethylene dimethanesulfonate
ethylene dimethanesulfonate: antispermatogenic agent; structure		2.4620
carbenicillin
Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.		3.8530penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
carbenicillin disodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic sodium salt
dehydroemetine
dehydroemetine: was MH 1991-94 (see under EMETINE 1976-90); use EMETINE to search DEHYDROEMETINE 1976-94; amebicide, derivative of emetine. dehydroemetine : A pyridoisoquinoline which was developed in response to the cardiovascular toxicity associated with emetine and results from the dehydrogenation of the heterotricylic ring of emetine. It is an antiprotozoal agent and displays antimalarial, antiamoebic, and antileishmanial properties.		2.0510aromatic ether;
isoquinolines;
pyridoisoquinoline		antileishmanial agent;
antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug
benorilate
benorilate: was heading 1980-94 (see under SALICYLATES 1980-90); was BENORYLATE see under SALICYLATES 1975-79; BENORYLATE was see BENORILATE 1980-94; use SALICYLATES to search BENORILATE 1980-90 & BENORYLATE 1975-79; an ester of aspirin and paracetamol with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases; it has less severe side effects than aspirin		2.0510carbonyl compound
trimetazidine
Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.		2.0510aromatic amine
metocurine
metocurine: from Chinese herb Cyclea hainanensis Mrr		2.4720isoquinolines
floxacillin
Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.		2.7430penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
clomacran
clomacran: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.2310acridines
mexiletine hydrochloride
mexiletine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride composed of equimolar amounts of mexiletine and hydrogen chloride.		2.4620hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
beclomethasone dipropionate
beclomethasone dipropionate : A steroid ester comprising beclomethasone having propionyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.		2.743011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
corticosteroid;
enone;
glucocorticoid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
vidarabine
adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.		340beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
methenamine hippurate
methenamine hippurate: both parts of molecule contribute to its antibacterial action		3.2310N-acylglycine
limonene
Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.		2.1710cycloalkene;
p-menthadiene		human metabolite
olsalazine
olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.		4.4160azobenzenes;
dicarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
3-deazaadenosine
3-deazaadenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd.		2.610
tiadenol
tiadenol: structure		2.0510aliphatic sulfide
terodiline
[no description available]		2.9740diarylmethane
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
metoclopramide hydrochloride
metoclopramide hydrochloride : A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of metoclopramide monohydrochloride.		2.4620
etidronate disodium
etidronate disodium : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of two protons from etidronic acid (one from from each of the phosphonic acid groups) by sodium ions.		2.0810organic sodium saltantineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
manganese
Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.		7.1310elemental manganese;
manganese group element atom		Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient
platinum
Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.		3.1710elemental platinum;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
cadmium
Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.		3.9130cadmium molecular entity;
zinc group element atom
zalcitabine
Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.		4.6780pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
acetylglucosamine
Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.		2.1110N-acetyl-D-glucosamineepitope
metocurine iodide
[no description available]		2.4520aromatic ether
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		4.0740delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
sodium thiosulfate
sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.		3.2310inorganic sodium saltantidote to cyanide poisoning;
antifungal drug;
nephroprotective agent
deuterium
Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.		2.5120dihydrogen
galactose
aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.		2.1710
poloxalene
Poloxalene: A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.. pluronic : A triblock copolymer composed of a central hydrophobic chain of poly(propylene oxide) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of poly(ethylene oxide).		2.4820epoxide
cadmium chloride
Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.		2.0810cadmium coordination entity
ancitabine
Ancitabine: Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.. ancitabine : An organic heterotricyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the oxo group of cytidine to the 2' position with loss of water to give the corresponding cyclic ether. A prodrug, it is metabolised to the antineoplastic agent cytarabine, so is used to maintain a more constant antineoplastic action.		2.610diol;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
colterol
colterol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. colterol : A member of the class of ethanolamines that is catechol in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.4110catechols;
ethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
triol		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent
trolamine salicylate
Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		2.0210
stanozolol
Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anabolic agent;
androgen
chloropyramine
chloropyramine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.610aminopyridine
clodronic acid
Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.		2.51201,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
one-carbon compound;
organochlorine compound		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent
carbendazim
carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.		2.4620benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug;
metabolite;
microtubule-destabilising agent
mafenide acetate
[no description available]		2.0810carboxylic acid
reproterol
reproterol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.0510oxopurine
ethionine
L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.		2.4620S-ethylhomocysteineantimetabolite;
carcinogenic agent
apazone
Apazone: An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.. apazone : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid.		2.0410benzotriazinesnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
uricosuric drug
diacerein
diacerein: chelates with bivalent metals; a quinone which possesses redox properties; metabolized to active rhein; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting IL1 and metalloproteinases; called a slow acting symptomatic drug in osteoarthritis; no effect of cyclooxygenase;		2.0810anthraquinone
xipamide
Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action.		2.0510benzamides
selegiline
Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.		4.2650selegiline;
terminal acetylenic compound		geroprotector
selegiline hydrochloride, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4720hydrochloride;
terminal acetylenic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		2.54206-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
clemastine
Clemastine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.. clemastine : 2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.		3.2310monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpyrrolidine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
thiamphenicol
[no description available]		2.4720monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfone		antimicrobial agent;
immunosuppressive agent
pancuronium bromide
pancuronium bromide : A bromide salt consisting of two bromide ions and one pancuronium dication.		2.0810bromide saltcholinergic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
pizotyline
Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.		2.0510benzocycloheptathiophenehistamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
cephalexin
Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.		5.0570beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
cromolyn sodium
Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.		2.0510organic sodium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
drug allergen
isosorbide-5-mononitrate
isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug		2.9640glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
n'-nitrosonornicotine
N'-nitrosonornicotine: structure; a potent carcinogen in laboratory animals		2.610pyridines;
pyrrolidines
ornidazole
Ornidazole: A nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action.. ornidazole : A C-nitro compound that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl and methyl groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of susceptible protozoal infections and for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections.		2.0810C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
organochlorine compound;
secondary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antitrichomonal drug;
epitope
danazol
Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.		4.678017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		anti-estrogen;
estrogen antagonist;
geroprotector
fenclozic acid
fenclozic acid: an analgesic & antipyretic with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZOLES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd		3.2310
fentiazac
[no description available]		2.0710thiazoles
decoquinate
Decoquinate: A coccidiostat for poultry.		2.0710
laxagetten 4,4'-diacetoxydiphenylpyridylemethane
[no description available]		3.2310
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		4.4460aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
cephapirin
Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		2.0410cephalosporinantibacterial drug
fludarabine phosphate
fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.		3.6120nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
disopyramide phosphate
[no description available]		2.4620organoammonium phosphate
alclofenac
alclofenac: was heading 1975-94 (was see under PHENYLACETATES 1975-90); use PHENYLACETATES to search ALCLOFENAC 1975-94; an anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; acts also as an analgesic and an antipyretic. alclofenac : An aromatic ether in which the ether oxygen links an allyl group to the 4-position of (3-chlorophenyl)acetic acid.A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the UK market in 1979 due to concerns with its association with vasculitis and rash.		3.2310aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
carbimazole
Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.		2.05101,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones;
carbamate ester		antithyroid drug;
prodrug
bromocriptine
Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.		4.0940indole alkaloidantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
hormone antagonist
triamcinolone
Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.		2.472011beta-hydroxy steroid;
16alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
oxyphenisatin
[no description available]		3.5920indoles
tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.		2.0510chlorocarbon;
chloroethenes		nephrotoxic agent
fludrocortisone
Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.		3.231011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
mineralocorticoid		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
ursodeoxycholic acid
Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		4.0840bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pregnanolone
Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.		2.04103-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid		human metabolite;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
butylated hydroxytoluene
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.		2.4620phenolsantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
food additive;
geroprotector
benzonidazole
benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.		2.0810C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antiprotozoal drug
butachlor
butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group.		2.0510aromatic amide;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
du-21220
Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.		2.0410benzyl alcohols;
polyphenol;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
rose bengal b disodium salt
[no description available]		2.0510
clobetasol propionate
Clobetasol Propionate: This is the form in trademark preparations.. clobetasol propionate : The 17-O-propionate ester of clobetasol. A potent corticosteroid, it is used to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.		2.482011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid		anti-inflammatory drug
calcium oxalate
Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones).		7.2510organic calcium salt
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		2.7630glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
dexchlorpheniramine
dexchlorpheniramine: RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer		3.2310chlorphenamine
ribostamycin
Ribostamycin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial isolated from Streptomyces ribosifidicus.. ribostamycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is 4,6-diaminocyclohexane-1,2,3-triol having a 2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 1 and a beta-D-ribosyl residue attached at position 2. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ribosidificus (formerly S. thermoflavus).		2.0410amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
metabolite
clometacin
clometacin: structure		3.2310N-acylindole
azoxymethane
Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.		2.0610
cefazolin
Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		4.2650beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
tetrazoles;
thiadiazoles		antibacterial drug
azides
Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.		2.1310pseudohalide anionmitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
amoxicillin
Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.		5.03120penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
timolol
(S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.		4.86100timololanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
indoramin
Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.7530tryptamines
carfecillin
Carfecillin: The phenyl ester of CARBENICILLIN that, upon oral administration, is broken down in the intestinal mucosa to the active antibacterial. It is used for urinary tract infections.		2.0510penicillin
tramadol
Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.		3.86202-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanoladrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antitussive;
capsaicin receptor antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nicergoline
Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.		2.0510organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
oxcarbazepine
Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.		3.8730cyclic ketone;
dibenzoazepine		anticonvulsant;
drug allergen
carbidopa
carbidopa (anhydrous) : 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.		3.6120catechols;
hydrazines;
monocarboxylic acid		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
toloxatone
toloxatone: oxazolidinone derivative; psychotropic drug; structure. toloxatone : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-toloxatone. It is a reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and antidepressant.. 5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one substituted by a 3-methylphenyl group at position 3.		2.4520oxazolidinone;
primary alcohol;
toluenes
moricizine hydrochloride
moricizine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained from equimola amounts of moricizine and hydrogen chloride.		2.4620hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
moricizine
Moricizine: An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.. moricizine : A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group.		3.2310carbamate ester;
morpholines;
phenothiazines		anti-arrhythmia drug
amineptin
amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.		3.5920amino acid;
carbocyclic fatty acid;
carbotricyclic compound;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		5.82160azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
feprazone
Feprazone: A pyrazole that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It has been used in mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p15)		2.0810organic molecular entity
pirprofen
pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure		4.0840pyrroline
sisomicin
Sisomicin: Antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. It is closely related to gentamicin C1A, one of the components of the gentamicin complex (GENTAMICINS).		2.4520amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic;
beta-L-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative
serentil
mesoridazine besylate : The benzenesulfonate salt of mesoridazine prepared using equimolar amounts of mesoridazine and benzenesulfonic acid.		2.4620organosulfonate saltdopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
amdinocillin
Amdinocillin: An amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action.. mecillinam : A penicillin in which the 6beta substituent is [(azepan-1-yl)methylidene]amino; an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria.		2.0410penicillinantibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
tobramycin
Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.		3.3160amino cyclitol glycosideantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
toxin
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		11.55130taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide
[no description available]		5.54120beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
propafenone hydrochloride
propafenone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of propafenone. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.		2.4620hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
dobutamine
Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		3.8830catecholamine;
secondary amine		beta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
ticarcillin
Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group.		2.4520penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
trimazosin
trimazosin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410N-arylpiperazine
penbutolol
Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent.		3.2310ethanolamines
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		4.78901-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
adinazolam
adinazolam: structure in first source. adinazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a dimethylaminomethyl group at the 1-position, a phenyl group at the 6-position and a chloro substituent at the 8-position.		2.7430triazolobenzodiazepineanticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
sedative
amikacin
Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.		4.2650alpha-D-glucoside;
amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside;
carboxamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
nephrotoxin
tolamolol
[no description available]		2.0410
carbidopa
[no description available]		2.4620catechols;
hydrate;
hydrazines;
monocarboxylic acid		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
cephradine
Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.		4.4160beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
ticrynafen
Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.		4.2650aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antihypertensive agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
loop diuretic
methyldopa
Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		4.7790L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
hapten;
peripheral nervous system drug;
sympatholytic agent
pyridoxal phosphate
[no description available]		2.610pyridinecarbaldehyde
ciclopirox olamine
ciclopirox olamine : The ethanolamine salt of ciclopirox. A broad spectrum antigfungal agent, it also exhibits antibacterial activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and has anti-inflammatory properties. It is used a a topical treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.		2.0710
tocainide
Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.		2.7430monocarboxylic acid amideanti-arrhythmia drug;
local anaesthetic;
sodium channel blocker
sulbenicillin
Sulbenicillin: Semisynthetic penicillin-type antibiotic.. sulbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-[phenyl(sulfo)acetamido] side-chain.		2.4520penicillin
bezafibrate
[no description available]		2.9840aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
sq-11725
Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.		3.6690
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		5.031205-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.		2.0710pyridinium ionapoptosis inducer;
herbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
neurotoxin
nonachlazine
Nonachlazine: Coronary vasodilator with a novel mechanism of action; proposed as antianginal agent.		2.0510
lonidamine
lonidamine: structure. lonidamine : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole that is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by 2,4-dichlorobenzyl and carboxy groups, respectively.		2.0810dichlorobenzene;
indazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		antineoplastic agent;
antispermatogenic agent;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
vecuronium bromide
Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.		2.7630organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
vecuronium
vecuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.		3.2310acetate ester;
androstane;
quaternary ammonium ion		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.		3.2860alpha-amino acid ester;
L-arginine derivative;
methyl ester;
N-nitro compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
benoxaprofen
benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.		4.08401,3-benzoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antipsoriatic;
antipyretic;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
nephrotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
protein kinase C agonist
permethrin
hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141		2.7530cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
cyclopropanes		agrochemical;
ectoparasiticide;
pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide;
scabicide
exifone
[no description available]		3.2310benzophenones
pirfenidone
pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.		2.0510pyridoneantipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mefloquine
(-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.		4.4530[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanolantimalarial
oxfendazole
[no description available]		2.0710benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
sulfoxide		antinematodal drug
desogestrel
Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED).		2.472017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
flecainide acetate
flecainide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining flecainide with one molar equivalent of acetic acid. An antiarrhythmic agent used to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).		2.4620acetate saltanti-arrhythmia drug
meptazinol
Meptazinol: A narcotic antagonist with analgesic properties. It is used for the control of moderate to severe pain.		2.4520azepanes
nicardipine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620dihydropyridinegeroprotector
muzolimine
Muzolimine: A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects.		2.0510dichlorobenzene
nitazoxanide
nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug		3.9530benzamides;
carboxylic ester
sufentanil
Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		4.0840anilide;
ether;
piperidines;
thiophenes		anaesthesia adjuvant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
acarbose
[no description available]		3.6120tetrasaccharide derivativeEC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
torsemide
Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.		5.861aminopyridine;
N-sulfonylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
loop diuretic
medroxalol
medroxalol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410salicylamides
epirubicin
Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.		10.9371aminoglycoside;
anthracycline antibiotic;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
p-quinones;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
cefmetazole
Cefmetazole: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmetazole : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.		2.0410cephalosporinantibacterial drug
desflurane
Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia.		2.0510organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
indacrinone
indacrinone: polyvalent saluretic; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.4620
lorcainide
[no description available]		3.1550acetamides
idarubicin
Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.		4.0840anthracycline antibiotic;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative
ceforanide
ceforanide: RN given refers to (6R-(trans))-isomer. ceforanide : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with {[1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and 2-(aminomethyl)phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is effective against many coliforms, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus, and most strains of Salmonella, Shigella, Hemophilus, Citrobacter and Arizona species.		2.0410cephalosporinantibacterial drug
piperacillin
Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		4.0840penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
paroxetine
Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.		4.7790aromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril
Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.		8.77323alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefoperazone
Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.		3.8630cephalosporinantibacterial drug
staurosporine
[no description available]		2.4720indolocarbazole alkaloid;
organic heterooctacyclic compound		apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
geroprotector
foscarnet sodium
trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		2.4720one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antiviral drug
oltipraz
oltipraz : A 1,2-dithiole that is 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione substituted at positions 4 and 5 by methyl and pyrazin-2-yl groups respectively.		2.6101,2-dithiole;
pyrazines		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antimutagen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
neurotoxin;
protective agent;
schistosomicide drug
atracurium
Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.		3.5820diester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
atracurium besylate
atracurium besylate : The bisbenzenesulfonate salt of atracurium.		2.0810organosulfonate salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
butoconazole nitrate
butoconazole nitrate : An organic nitrate salt obtained by reaction of equimolar amounts of butaconazole and nitric acid. An antifungal agent, it is used in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans.		2.4620aryl sulfide;
conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
organic nitrate salt
moxalactam
Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.		2.7430cephalosporin;
oxacephem		antibacterial drug
nicorandil
Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.		2.4720nitrate ester;
pyridinecarboxamide		potassium channel opener;
vasodilator agent
endralazine
BQ 22-708: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410benzamides
pergolide
Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		3.2310diamine;
methyl sulfide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
pergolide mesylate
pergolide mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained from pergolide by mixing eqimolar amount of pergolide and methanesulfonic acid. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		2.0810methanesulfonate saltantiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
geroprotector
ranitidine hydrochloride
label : A role played by a part of a molecular entity distinguishable by the observer but not by the system and used to identify a tracer.		2.0510
cefadroxil anhydrous
Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		5.46110cephalosporinantibacterial drug
encainide
Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.		2.9640benzamides;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
sodium channel blocker
talniflumate
talniflumate: an anti-inflammatory molecule for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma		2.0810benzofurans
fenoldopam mesylate
[no description available]		2.0810benzazepine
tiotidine
tiotidine: UD gives slightly different structure for this cpd; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		2.4620thiazoles
fiacitabine
fiacitabine: anti-herpes virus agent which also inhibits growth of certain human tumor cell lines in vitro.		2.610
fialuridine
[no description available]		3.8630
cefaclor anhydrous
Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		4.640cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
pefloxacin
Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.		3.3160fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
mitoxantrone hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
alfentanil
Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.		4.4160monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		central nervous system depressant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
miglustat
miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.		3.5920piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
haloperidol decanoate
[no description available]		3.2310organic molecular entity
cefotetan
Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.		4.5570
recainam
recainam: structure given in first source		2.9640
lovastatin
Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).		4.87100delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
flupirtine
flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.1550aminopyridine
tolrestat
tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source		3.5920naphthalenesEC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
enoximone
Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.		2.9740aromatic ketone
stepronin
[no description available]		2.0810N-acyl-amino acid
piritrexim
piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0510
simvastatin
Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.		12.14142delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
statin (semi-synthetic)		EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
prodrug
idazoxan
Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.		2.9740benzodioxine;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist
remoxipride
Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.		3.1550dimethoxybenzene
balsalazide
balsalazide: a mesalamine 5-aminosalicylate prodrug; 99% of ingested drug remains intact through the stomach and is delivered to and activated in the colon; used for inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis but avoided in patients with known hypersensitivity reaction to salicylates or mesalamine; structure in first source. balsalazide : A monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond.		3.2310
pravastatin
Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		10.631303-hydroxy carboxylic acid;
carbobicyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
xenobiotic
cabergoline
Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.		3.6120N-acylureaantineoplastic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
bambuterol
bambuterol: selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase. bambuterol : A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.		2.7430carbamate ester;
phenylethanolamines		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
atomoxetine hydrochloride
Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine.		2.4720hydrochlorideadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant
atomoxetine
atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.		4.6880aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound;
toluenes		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
quinapril
Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		5.861dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
alpidem
[no description available]		4.0940imidazoles
gepirone
gepirone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0510N-arylpiperazine
mifepristone
Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.		4.1403-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		abortifacient;
contraceptive drug;
hormone antagonist;
synthetic oral contraceptive
piroximone
piroximone: structure in first source		2.0510
5-propynylarabinofuranosyluracil
5-propynylarabinofuranosyluracil: potent inhibitor of VZV		2.4620
itraconazole
Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.		2.8630aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
cyclic ketal;
dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
amifloxacin
amifloxacin: structure in UD		2.4110quinolines
trospectomycin
trospectomycin: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; RN refers to 2R-(2alpha,4abeta,5abeta,6beta,7beta,8beta,9beta,9alpha,9aalpha,10abeta)-(9CI)-isomer		2.0410dioxanes
cilazapril, anhydrous
Cilazapril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors) used for hypertension. It is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed after absorption to its main metabolite cilazaprilat.. cilazapril : A pyridazinodiazepine resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of cilazaprilat with ethanol. It is a drug used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.		5.9155dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
pyridazinodiazepine		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
fosphenytoin
fosphenytoin: structure given in first & second source		3.2310imidazolidine-2,4-dione
pravadoline
[no description available]		2.0810
salmeterol xinafoate
Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.		2.0810naphthoic acid
ranolazine
Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.		4.1740aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
secondary alcohol
brequinar
brequinar : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline substituted by 2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl, methyl, carboxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6, respectively. It is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The compound exhibits antineoplastic and antiviral properties.		2.610biphenyls;
monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
EC 1.3.5.2 [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor
finasteride
Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.		4.55703-oxo steroid;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		androgen antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
imiquimod
Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.		2.9330imidazoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
interferon inducer
sematilide
sematilide: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source		2.7430
esmolol
methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.		3.5820aromatic ether;
ethanolamines;
methyl ester;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
temafloxacin
temafloxacin: structure given in first source. temafloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-temafloxacin. Both enantiomers both exhibit similar pharmacological profiles. Temafloxacin was briefly used (either as the free base or as the hydrochloride salt) as an antibacterial drug but was withdrawn worldwide in 1992 following reports of serious side effects, including severe hypoglycaemia, haemolytic anaemia, liver and kidney dysfunction, anaphylaxis, and death.. 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-7-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 1, 6, and 7 by 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluorine, and 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.		2.4620amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound
clinafloxacin
clinafloxacin: structure given in first source; RN given is for monoHCl		3.360quinolines
sertindole
sertindole : A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group.		2.0810heteroarylpiperidine;
imidazolidinone;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
phenylindole		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
adapalene
Adapalene: A naphthalene derivative that has specificity for RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS. It is used as a DERMATOLOGIC AGENT for the treatment of ACNE.. adapalene : A naphthoic acid that is CD437 in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been converted to its methyl ether.		2.520adamantanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
naphthoic acid		dermatologic drug;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
adefovir
adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		5.07706-aminopurines;
ether;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent
loxiglumide
loxiglumide: cholecystokinin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in first source		2.4520organic molecular entity
aromasil
[no description available]		3.612017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sparfloxacin
[no description available]		3.3160fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone
zileuton
[no description available]		4.56701-benzothiophenes;
ureas		anti-asthmatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
leukotriene antagonist;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
niguldipine
[no description available]		2.0810diarylmethane
clopidogrel
Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.		12.06219methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
cidofovir anhydrous
Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.		5.1980phosphonic acids;
pyrimidone		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
photosensitizing agent
tiagabine
Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.		4.2650beta-amino acid;
piperidinemonocarboxylic acid;
tertiary amino compound;
thiophenes		anticonvulsant;
GABA reuptake inhibitor
mibefradil
Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.		3.5680tetralinsT-type calcium channel blocker
topotecan
Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.		5.0670pyranoindolizinoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
eliprodil
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanol : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine substituted by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl group at position 1 and by a 4-fluorobenzyl group at position 4.		2.0810monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
piperidines;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
tenidap
tenidap: structure given in first source; RN refers to (Z)-isomer		2.4620
bromfenac
bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.		4.6680aromatic amino acid;
benzophenones;
organobromine compound;
substituted aniline		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
celgosivir
celgosivir: inhibits glycoprotein processing & the growth of HIVs		2.610
gemcitabine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride;
organofluorine compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		4.2950organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
ibutilide
ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt		4.0840benzenes;
organic amino compound
dup 532
DuP 532: angiotensin I receptor antagonist		4.0220
aripiprazole
Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.		4.4360aromatic ether;
delta-lactam;
dichlorobenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone		drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic agonist
remifentanil
Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.		3.8530alpha-amino acid ester;
anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidinecarboxylate ester		intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
sedative
atorvastatin calcium anhydrous
[no description available]		2.0810organic calcium salt
atorvastatin
[no description available]		7.1682aromatic amide;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrroles;
statin (synthetic)		environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
befloxatone
befloxatone: selectively inhibits monoamine oxidase A; structure in first source; RN given refers to (R)-isomer		2.0610
lamivudine
[no description available]		5.47110monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
duloxetine hydrochloride
Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.		2.0810duloxetine hydrochlorideantidepressant
duloxetine
[no description available]		3.5920duloxetine
irinotecan
[no description available]		5.5180carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
valsartan
Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.		17.3512628biphenylyltetrazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ibandronic acid
Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.5820
ziprasidone
ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.		4.41601,2-benzisothiazole;
indolones;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
zanamivir
Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.		2.9940guanidinesantiviral agent;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan
zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.		4.5870oxazolidinone;
tryptamines		anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
adefovir dipivoxil
bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		2.81306-aminopurines;
carbonate ester;
ether;
organic phosphonate		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent;
prodrug
emtricitabine
Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		4.8250monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
mifobate
mifobate: has antiatherosclerotic properties		2.0510trialkyl phosphate
tasosartan
tasosartan: angiotensin II antagonist; structure given in first source		5.2460biphenyls
saquinavir monomethanesulfonate
[no description available]		2.4620organic molecular entity
tiludronic acid
tiludronic acid: a bone resorption inhibitor; an antihypercalcemic agent; used in the tratment of Paget's disease; used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis; structure given in first source		3.2310organochlorine compound
tirofiban
Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.		3.8530L-tyrosine derivative;
piperidines;
sulfonamide		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
capecitabine
Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.		3.5920carbamate ester;
cytidines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		4.0840adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
octyl gallate
[no description available]		2.610gallate esterfood antioxidant;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
allyl formate
[no description available]		2.4620
paroxetine hydrochloride
paroxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of paroxetine. It is an antidepressant drug.		2.0810hydrochlorideantidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
desferrioxamine b mesylate
desferrioxamine B mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained by reaction of desferrioxamine B with one molar equivalent of methanesulfonic acid. It is an iron-chelating medicine used to remove excess iron from the body. It binds to iron in the blood, which is then passed out in the urine.		2.4620methanesulfonate saltantidote;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator
bupropion hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7630aromatic ketone
cisatracurium
cisatracurium: RN refers to (1R-(1alpha,2alpha(1'R*,2'R*)))-isomer. cisatracurium : A diester that is the (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium, a quaternary ammonium ion consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxy functions bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups. The active species in the skeletal muscle relaxant cisatracurium besylate.		2.0410diester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
halofuginone
[no description available]		2.0510quinazolines
diltiazem hydrochloride
Carex: fluoride (1.8%) containing varnish; no further information available 8/91. diltiazem hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of diltiazem and hydrogen chloride. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.0510hydrochlorideantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
venlafaxine hydrochloride
Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.		3.1410hydrochloride
trazodone hydrochloride
Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.		2.7630hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
fosinoprilat
fosinoprilat: active phosphinic acid metabolite of prodrug fosenopril, which is activated by esterases in vivo; structure given in first source; binds zinc with phosphinic acid group. fosinoprilat : A phosphinic acid-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), it is used as the phosphinate ester pro-drug fosinopril for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure.		2.0410L-proline derivative;
phosphinic acids		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ortho-cept
ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination: Ethinyl Estradiol and Desogestrell given in fixed proportions; has proved to be an effective & well-tolerated oral contraceptive, which improves cycle control & has a beneficial effect on acne		2.0510
trovafloxacin
trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.		4.7890
verapamil hydrochloride
verapamil hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil hydrochloride and (S)-verapamil hydrochloride.		2.7630
cefprozil
[no description available]		3.8630cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
doxazosin mesylate
Cardura: Trade name in United States.		2.0810methanesulfonate saltgeroprotector
ciprofloxacin hydrochloride anhydrous
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochlorideantibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
terfenadine
[no description available]		2.1110diarylmethane
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
efavirenz
efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		5.6690acetylenic compound;
benzoxazine;
cyclopropanes;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir
Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.		5.42100aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
HIV protease inhibitor
amantadine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochlorideantiviral agent;
dopamine agonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
doxapram hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510hydrochloridecentral nervous system stimulant
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		2.5820D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
anisodamine
anisodamine: alkaloid isolated from Chinese solanacea plant		3.1710
mevastatin
mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.		2.08102-pyranones;
carboxylic ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		antifungal agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
Penicillium metabolite
bupivacaine hydrochloride
bupivacaine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine hydrochloride and levobupivacaine hydrochloride. The monohydrate form is commonly used as a local anaesthetic.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.0810hydrochloride;
racemate		adrenergic antagonist;
amphiphile;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
local anaesthetic
cilazaprilat
cilazaprilat: InChIKey: UVAUYSRYXACKSC-ULQDDVLXSA-N		3.4311non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
chloroquine diphosphate
[no description available]		2.0510
fenofibric acid
fenofibric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
chlorobenzophenone;
monocarboxylic acid		drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
n-methylnicotinamide
N-methylnicotinamide: structure. N-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the amide hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.		2.0710pyridinecarboxamidemetabolite
1,5-anhydroglucitol
1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol.		2.0510anhydro sugarhuman metabolite
betulinic acid
[no description available]		2.5420hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite
arctigenin
arctigenin: precursor to catechols; in many plants		2.610lignan
baicalin
[no description available]		2.5720dihydroxyflavone;
glucosiduronic acid;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative		antiatherosclerotic agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
plerixafor
plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.		3.9530azacycloalkane;
azamacrocycle;
benzenes;
crown amine;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist;
immunological adjuvant
amprenavir
[no description available]		5.3390carbamate ester;
sulfonamide;
tetrahydrofuryl ester		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir
Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.		3.7320acetamides;
amino acid ester;
cyclohexenecarboxylate ester;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
epigallocatechin gallate
epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.		2.610flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose
pentagalloylglucose: pentahydroxy gallic acid ester of glucose; a phytogenic antineoplastic agent and antibacterial agent. 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose : A galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having five galloyl groups in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-positions.		2.610gallate ester;
galloyl beta-D-glucose		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radiation protective agent;
radical scavenger
cephalotaxine
[no description available]		2.610benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent;
benzazepine alkaloid;
cyclic acetal;
enol ether;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
dobutamine hydrochloride
dobutamine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dobutamine. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		2.4620hydrochloridebeta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
desipramine hydrochloride
desipramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of desipramine.		2.610hydrochloridedrug allergen
mefloquine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.610hydrochloride
ticlopidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride
proadifen hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0710
epirubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid: spelled pyrolidine in J Nutr 1979 reference; RN given refers to parent cpd. pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is the N-dithiocarboxy derivative of pyrrolidine.		2.0810dithiocarbamic acids;
pyrrolidines		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
radical scavenger
glutathione disulfide
Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.		2.4920glutathione derivative;
organic disulfide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
iopamidol
Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.		2.7430benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound;
pentol		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
sulconazole, mononitrate, (+-)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4620conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
organic nitrate salt
histamine phosphate
histamine phosphate : A phosphate salt that is the diphosphate salt of histamine.		3.2310phosphate salthistamine agonist
cephalosporin c
cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.		210cephalosporinfungal metabolite
imipramine n-oxide
imipramine N-oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410dibenzooxazepine
tilbroquinol
[no description available]		3.2310organohalogen compound;
quinolines
bendamustine
[no description available]		3.8730benzimidazoles
erdosteine
[no description available]		2.0510N-acyl-amino acid
aloxistatin
aloxistatin: a membrane-permeable cysteine protease inhibitor. aloxistatin : An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of N-(3-methylbutyl)-L-leucinamide.		2.610epoxide;
ethyl ester;
L-leucine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide		anticoronaviral agent;
cathepsin B inhibitor
droxicam
droxicam: structure given in first source. droxicam : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2H,5H-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c][1,2]benzothiazine-2,4(3H)-dione 6,6-dioxide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by pyridin-2-yl and methyl groups respectively. A prodrug of piroxicam, it is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.		3.2310organic heterotricyclic compound;
pyridines		cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prodrug
propazole
propazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.610benzimidazoles
caroverine
caroverine: structure		2.0810quinoxaline derivative
lathosterol
lathosterol: RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha)-isomer. 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol : A cholestanoid that is (5alpha)-cholest-7-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.		3.45113beta-sterol;
C27-steroid;
cholestanoid;
Delta(7)-sterol		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sertaconazole
sertaconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-sertaconazole. A broad spectrum antifungal with added antipruritic and anti-inflammatory activity used (as its nitrate salt) for treatment of various skin infections.. 1-{2-[(7-chloro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that carries a 2-[(7-chloro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group at position 1.		2.07101-benzothiophenes;
dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles
lercanidipine
[no description available]		7.4820diarylmethane
ebrotidine
ebrotidine: an H2-receptor antagonist and gastric mucosa protector		3.2310sulfonamide
mizolastine
[no description available]		2.0510benzimidazoles
cgs 9343b
[no description available]		2.0810benzimidazoles
dexloxiglumide
dexloxiglumide: a CCK receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.7430glutamic acid derivative
prulifloxacin
prulifloxacin: structure given in first source		2.610fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic
azelnidipine
azelnidipine: structure given in first source		2.4820isopropyl ester
intoplicine
intoplicine: structure in first source		2.4520pyridoindole
pazufloxacin
[no description available]		2.0810quinolines
repaglinide
[no description available]		5.2990piperidines
inogatran
inogatran: a direct low molecular weight thrombin inhibitor		2.4110
bergenin
bergenin: RN refers to (2R-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha,4aalpha,10bbeta))-isomer; structure		2.610trihydroxybenzoic acidmetabolite
dexfenfluramine
Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.		2.4520fenfluramineappetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
2-methoxyestradiol
2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.		2.472017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate: RN given refers to the (17alpha)-isomer		2.0410
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		2.72301,2,3-triazole
trimethobenzamide monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
amiloride hydrochloride
amiloride hydrochloride dihydrate : A hydrate that is the dihydrate of amiloride hydrochloride.		2.4620hydratediuretic;
sodium channel blocker
miconazole nitrate
miconazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole nitrate. An antifungal used for the treatment of athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		2.0810
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate: binds to albumin at 2 sites		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
steroid sulfate		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen
econazole nitrate
econazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole nitrate. Used to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.		2.4620
medetomidine
Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.		2.0510imidazoles
fluorodeoxyglucose f18
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)		2.84302-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose;
2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
sertraline
Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.		4.6980dichlorobenzene;
secondary amino compound;
tetralins		antidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
lomefloxacin hydrochloride
lomefloxacin hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of lomefloxacin. It is administered by mouth to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used topically as eye drops for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, and as ear drops for the treatment of otitis externa and otitis media.		2.4620hydrochlorideantimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
photosensitizing agent
picosulfate sodium
picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure		2.0510aryl sulfate;
pyridines
cefcanel
cefcanel: RN given refers to (6R-(6 alpha,7 beta(R*)))-isomer; structure		2.4520
ibuproxam
ibuproxam: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #6312. ibuproxam : A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of ibuprofen with the amino group of hydroxylamine. Used for treatment of pain and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorders.		2.0610hydroxamic acidiron chelator;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
zoledronic acid
Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.		4.59701,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
imidazoles		bone density conservation agent
epristeride
epristeride: structure given in first source		2.7430steroid acid
talinolol
[no description available]		3.1650ureas
artemisinin
(+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.5820organic peroxide;
sesquiterpene lactone		antimalarial;
plant metabolite
brinzolamide
brinzolamide: an antiglaucoma agent		2.5820sulfonamide;
thienothiazine		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
dienogest
[no description available]		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
aliphatic nitrile;
steroid hormone		progesterone receptor agonist;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
flunoxaprofen
flunoxaprofen: structure given in first source. flunoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group (the S-enantiomer). Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, the clinical use of flunoxaprofen was discontinued due to possible hepatotoxic side-effects.		2.46201,3-benzoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound		antirheumatic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
protein kinase C agonist
tianeptine
tianeptine: structure given in first source. tianeptine : A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tianeptine. It is an atypical antidepressant used in Europe to treat patients who respond poorly to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).. 7-[(3-chloro-6-methyl-5,5-dioxido-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepin-11-yl)amino]heptanoic acid : A member of the class of dibenzothiazepines that is 3-chloro-6-methyl-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine 5,5-dioxide substituted by a (6-carboxyhexyl)amino group at position 11.. (S)-tianeptine : The S-enantiomer of tianeptine.		2.4620dibenzothiazepine;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
drospirenone
drospirenone: a progestational compound with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity; structure given in first source		2.08103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
steroid lactone		aldosterone antagonist;
contraceptive drug;
progestin
artemether
Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.0810artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
organic peroxide;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial
biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid
biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid: structure in first source		2.2510
morphazinamide
morphazinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for mono-HCL: 1473-73-0; structure in Merck Index		2.0510morpholines;
pyrazines;
secondary carboxamide
dipropylacetamide
dipropylacetamide: structure. valpromide : A fatty amide derived from valproic acid.		2.610fatty amidegeroprotector;
metabolite;
teratogenic agent
denaverine
denaverine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410diarylmethane
pafenolol
pafenolol: structure given in first source		2.0510
acamprosate
Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3.		3.2310acetamides;
organosulfonic acid		environmental contaminant;
neurotransmitter agent;
xenobiotic
isaxonine
isaxonine: promotes nerve growth		3.2310aminopyrimidine
oxprenolol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.610
n-methylscopolamine
N-Methylscopolamine: A muscarinic antagonist used to study binding characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.		2.7930
diprafenone
diprafenone: structure given in first source		2.4520aromatic compound
nebivolol
2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] : A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.		3.5820chromanes;
diol;
organofluorine compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
uk 68798
[no description available]		4.4260aromatic ether;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
potassium channel blocker
ljc 10627
biapenem: structure given in first source. biapenem : A carbapenem antibiotic in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6-ylthio substituents respectively.		2.4520carbapenems;
organic sulfide;
pyrazolotriazole		antibacterial drug
hp 873
iloperidone: an atypical, negative symptom antipsychotic agent. iloperidone : A member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia.		3.61201,2-benzoxazoles;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone;
monoamine;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
dexrazoxane
Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.		4.0840razoxaneantineoplastic agent;
cardiovascular drug;
chelator;
immunosuppressive agent
loxapine succinate
[no description available]		2.0810succinate saltgeroprotector
loperamide hydrochloride
loperamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining loperamide with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.		2.4620hydrochlorideanticoronaviral agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
mu-opioid receptor agonist
fenoxypropazine
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic ether
fenpiverinium
fenpiverinium: RN given refers to bromide; structure		2.4110diarylmethane
opipramol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.610
voriconazole
Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.		4.0840conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidines;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		P450 inhibitor
betamipron
[no description available]		2.7530organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
moroxydine
[no description available]		2.610biguanides
bufuralol
bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.1650benzofurans
uroxatral
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride
aceclofenac
[no description available]		4.2950amino acid;
carboxylic ester;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nitrefazole
[no description available]		3.2310imidazoles
alacepril
[no description available]		2.5320dipeptide;
thioacetate ester		EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
panipenem
panipenem: synthetic cpd; structure given in first source		2.0410organic molecular entity
perindoprilat
perindoprilat : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of N-[(1S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-norvaline with the amino group of (2S,3aS,7aS)-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid. The major active metabolite of perindopril.		2.0410dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide;
L-alanine derivative;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antihypertensive agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
fluparoxan
fluparoxan: structure given in first source		2.0610
cyclobutyrol
cyclobutyrol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclobutyrol : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the hydroxy group is geminal to a 1-carboxypropyl group on a cyclohexane ring.		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acidbile therapy drug
thiocolchicoside
[no description available]		2.0810glycoside
terlipressin
terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function.		2.0510polypeptide
thioxolone
tioxolone : A 1,3-benzoxathiole having a hydroxy substituent at the 6-position.		2.610benzoxathioleantiseborrheic
tolmesoxide
tolmesoxide: structure		2.0510
gr 117289
GR 117289: angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source. zolasartan : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 3-bromo-1-benzofuran which is substituted by a 2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl group at position 2 and by a (2-butyl-5-carboxy-4-chloro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl group at position 5. It is an angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) antagonist and was in clinical trials for the treatment of hypertension (now discontinued).		3.15101-benzofurans;
biaryl;
imidazolyl carboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound;
tetrazoles		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
ubenimex
ubenimex: growth inhibitor		3.8630
7-hydroxystaurosporine
[no description available]		2.0410
methotrimeprazine
Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.		2.4520phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
honokiol
[no description available]		2.7620biphenyls
isoflavone
[no description available]		2.0510isoflavones
clevudine
[no description available]		2.0510
nobiletin
nobiletin : A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 8, 3' and 4' respectively.		2.610methoxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
lycorine
lycorine: from bulbs of LYCORIS & other plants; RN given refers to (1 alpha,2 beta)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5444. lycorine : An indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity.		2.610indolizidine alkaloidanticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
nonoxynol-9
tergitol NP-9 : A tergitol polymer consisting of nonylbenzene with a nine-membered poly(ethylene glycol) moiety attached at position 4.		2.0710tergitolcontraceptive drug;
nonionic surfactant
9-aminocamptothecin
[no description available]		2.0410pyranoindolizinoquinoline
leupeptin
[no description available]		2.610aldehyde;
tripeptide		bacterial metabolite;
calpain inhibitor;
cathepsin B inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor;
serine protease inhibitor
sch 34343
Sch 34343: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (5R-(5alpha,6alpha))-isomer		2.4520
grepafloxacin
grepafloxacin: structure in first source		2.4620fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolines;
quinolone antibiotic
squalamine
squalamine: from dogfish shark Squalus acanthias; structure given in first source		2.0410bile acid
tetrandrine
tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity		2.5420bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines
doripenem
Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.		3.6120carbapenems
5-(n-methyl-n-isobutyl)amiloride
5-(N-methyl-N-isobutyl)amiloride: inhibitor of the Na+-H+ antiporter		2.0510
amperozide
amperozide : A member of the class of ureas that is urea in which three of the four hydrogens are replaced by ethyl and 4-[4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl]piperazin-1-yl groups. An atypical antipsychotic which was in clinical development for the treatment of schizophrenia and substance-related disorders. It is a potent 5-HT2A antagonist and used in veterinary medicine because of its sedative effect on pigs.		2.0510diarylmethane;
monofluorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
secondary carboxamide;
ureas		anxiolytic drug;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
geroprotector;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
amperozide hydrochloride
amperozide hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of amperozide.		2.0510hydrochlorideanxiolytic drug;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
geroprotector;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
calpeptin
[no description available]		2.610amino acid amide
fangchinoline
[no description available]		2.610aromatic ether;
bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
macrocycle		anti-HIV-1 agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
maslinic acid
(2Alpha,3beta)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid: from Luehea divaricata and Agrimonia eupatoria		2.610dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
2-naphthylisothiocyanate
[no description available]		2.4620
atovaquone
Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.		5.2180hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
rivastigmine
[no description available]		4.0840carbamate ester;
tertiary amino compound		cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
frovatriptan
[no description available]		4.2850carbazoles
eletriptan
eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.		4.0940indoles;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfone		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
rosiglitazone
[no description available]		10.05292aminopyridine;
thiazolidinediones		EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
insulin-sensitizing drug
tamiflu
[no description available]		2.0810phosphate salt
azidotrimethylsilane
azidotrimethylsilane: structure in first source		2.1310
bexarotene
[no description available]		4.1340benzoic acids;
naphthalenes;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent
s20098
[no description available]		2.0810acetamides
flunisolide
flunisolide: flunisolide HFA is a formulation of flunisolide using hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) as propellant in place of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) ones		2.081011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
chloroquine diphosphate
[no description available]		2.4620
orphenadrine citrate
orphenadrine citrate : A citrate salt which comprises equimolar amounts of orphenadrine and citric acid.		2.4620citrate saltH1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
parasympatholytic
albendazole sulfoxide
albendazole sulfoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0710sulfoxide
ketorolac tromethamine
Ketorolac Tromethamine: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.. ketorolac tromethamine : An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.		2.7630organoammonium saltanalgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
clarithromycin
Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.		4.87100macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
protein synthesis inhibitor;
xenobiotic
loganin
[no description available]		2.610beta-D-glucoside;
cyclopentapyran;
enoate ester;
iridoid monoterpenoid;
methyl ester;
monosaccharide derivative;
secondary alcohol		anti-inflammatory agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		3.771003-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
n-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide
N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide: nephrotoxic; post-treatment enhanced induction of renal cell tumors in rats by dimethylnitrosamine, pre-treatment inhibited induction of tumors, & alone caused interstitial nephritis but no tumors		2.4620pyrrolidines
cinchonine
[no description available]		2.0510(8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol;
cinchona alkaloid		metabolite
moexipril
[no description available]		3.7320peptide
phentolamine mesylate
[no description available]		2.4620
aucubin
[no description available]		2.610organic molecular entitymetabolite
7-ketocholesterol
7-ketocholesterol: inhibits uptake of cholesterol in rabbit aorta. 7-ketocholesterol : A cholestanoid that consists of cholesterol bearing an oxo substituent at position 7.		3103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
7-oxo steroid;
cholestanoid		neuroprotective agent
oxybutynin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochloride
catalpol
[no description available]		2.610organic molecular entitymetabolite
homocysteine
Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.		9.5951amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine;
serine family amino acid		fundamental metabolite;
mouse metabolite
1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene
[no description available]		2.0510secondary alcohol
gliquidone
gliquidone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0810isoquinolines
cordium
bepridil hydrochloride monohydrate : The hydrochloride monohydrate of bepridril.		2.4620hydrate;
hydrochloride
sk&f 95282
zolantidine: structure given in first source		2.0510piperidines
lekoptin
(S)-verapamil : A 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has S configuration.		2.6102-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile
zofenopril
zofenopril: structure given in first source; SQ 26900 refers to K salt & SQ 26991 to Ca salt. zofenopril : A proline derivative that is 4-(phenylsulfanyl)-L-proline in which the amine proton is replaced by a (2S)-3-(benzoylsulfanyl)-2-methylpropanoyl group. A prodrug for zofenoprilat.		3.1510aryl sulfide;
L-proline derivative;
N-acyl-L-amino acid;
thioester		anticonvulsant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug;
vasodilator agent
mci 9038
[no description available]		3.5820peptide
lopinavir
[no description available]		5.0770amphetamines;
dicarboxylic acid diamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
glycylsarcosine
glycylsarcosine : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with the amino group of sarcosine.		3.5620dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide
glucuronic acid
Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.		2.1310D-glucuronic acidalgal metabolite
coumarin 6
coumarin 6: structure in first source		2.13107-aminocoumarinsfluorochrome
moxifloxacin hydrochloride
moxifloxacin hydrochloride : A hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of moxifloxacin and hydrogen chloride.		2.0810hydrochlorideantibacterial drug
n-methyladenosine
N-methyladenosine: is a inhibitor of cell differentiation. N(6)-methyladenosine : A methyladenosine compound with one methyl group attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.		2.610methyladenosine
phenglutarimide
phenglutarimide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0510piperidines
fulvestrant
Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.		3.612017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist
mizoribine
[no description available]		2.0810imidazolesanticoronaviral agent
imipenem, anhydrous
Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.		2.4520beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carbapenems;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug
sr141716
[no description available]		2.7630amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazoles		anti-obesity agent;
appetite depressant;
CB1 receptor antagonist
bosentan anhydrous
Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.		5.1130primary alcohol;
pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1h-imidazole
1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1H-imidazole: inhibits platelet aggregation & Ca2+ entry into platelets. SKF-96365 free base : An ether that is 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been substituted by a 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl group.		2.0510ether;
imidazoles;
monomethoxybenzene		TRP channel blocker
fluo-3
Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds		2.0710xanthene dyefluorochrome
selenomethionine
[no description available]		2.0510amino acid zwitterion;
selenomethionine		plant metabolite
vinpocetine
[no description available]		2.0810
indobufen
indobufen: thromboxane A2 antagonist		2.0610isoindoles
4-hydroxydebrisoquin
4-hydroxydebrisoquin: principal metabolite of above; RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-hydroxydebrisoquin : An isoquinoline that is 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline bearing amidino and hydroxy substituent at positions 2 and 4 respectively.		2.4110carboxamidine;
isoquinolines;
secondary alcohol		metabolite
sivelestat
sivelestat: inhibitor of neutrophil elastase; structure given in first source		2.610N-acylglycine;
pivalate ester
amiloride, hydrochlorothiazide drug combination
amiloride, hydrochlorothiazide drug combination: amiloride hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide drug combination.		4.3711
racecadotril
racecadotril: parenterally active enkephalinase inhibitor		2.0810N-acyl-amino acid
pyronaridine
[no description available]		2.610aminoquinoline
perindopril
Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline		9.58205alpha-amino acid ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
geniposide
[no description available]		2.610terpene glycoside
asulacrine
asulacrine: derivative of amsacrine; structure given in first source		2.0410acridines
deguelin
deguelin: a natural product from Mundulea sericea; RN refers to (7aS-cis)-isomer; structure given in first source. deguelin : A rotenone that is 13,13a-dihydro-3H-chromeno[3,4-b]pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-7(7aH)-one substituted by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10, and by two methyl groups at position 3 (the 7aS,13aS-stereoisomer). It exists in abundant quantities in the bark, roots, and leaves of the Leguminosae family of plants and reported to exert anti-tumour effects in various cancers.		2.0810aromatic ether;
diether;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
rotenones		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor;
plant metabolite
hydroxycotinine
hydroxycotinine: metabolite of nicotine; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. trans-3-hydroxycotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is cotinine substituted at position C-3 by a hydroxy group (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).		2.0410N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid
fingolimod
fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate.		2.0510aminodiol;
primary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
CB1 receptor antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
daidzin
daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic).		2.6107-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside;
hydroxyisoflavone;
monosaccharide derivative		plant metabolite
triptolide
[no description available]		2.0810diterpenoid;
epoxide;
gamma-lactam;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound		antispermatogenic agent;
plant metabolite
quinaprilat
quinaprilat: metabolite of quinapril. quinaprilat : A dicarboxylic acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group of quinapril to give the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. The active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) of the prodrug quinapril.		2.7430dicarboxylic acid;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
2-hydroxyimipramine
2-hydroxyimipramine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4520dibenzoazepine
ecteinascidin 743
[no description available]		2.4520acetate ester;
azaspiro compound;
bridged compound;
hemiaminal;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
lactone;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
organic sulfide;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
marine metabolite
exp3174
losartan carboxylic acid: structure given in first source. losartan carboxylic acid : A biphenylyltetrazole that is losartan with the hydroxymethyl group at position 5 on the imidazole ring replaced with a carboxylic acid.		8.61121biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles;
organochlorine compound		metabolite
deoxyglucose
Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.		2.0210
tadalafil
[no description available]		3.9330benzodioxoles;
pyrazinopyridoindole		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
3',4'-dichlorobenzamil
3',4'-dichlorobenzamil: inhibits Na-Ca exchange in membrane vesicle & papillary muscle preparations from guinea pig heart		2.0510guanidines;
pyrazines
paliperidone
3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.. paliperidone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone. Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone and is used for treatment of schizophrenia.		3.93301,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine;
secondary alcohol
stachydrine
stachydrine: RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt (S)-isomer; structure. L-proline betaine : An amino acid betaine that is L-proline zwitterion in which both of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups.		2.2510alkaloid;
amino-acid betaine;
N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid		food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
plant metabolite
sophocarpine
[no description available]		2.610
nitisinone
[no description available]		3.5920(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
cyclohexanones;
mesotrione		EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
plavix
[no description available]		2.0810azaheterocycle sulfate salt;
organoammonium sulfate salt		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
marimastat
marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.		2.5420hydroxamic acid;
secondary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
clofarabine
[no description available]		3.8730adenosines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
sr 48692
SR 48692: structure in first source; a neurotensin receptor-1 antagonist		2.0810N-acyl-amino acid
elacridar
Elacridar: inhibitor of MDR1 PROTEIN; structure given in first source		2.8230
pramipexole
Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.		4.3930benzothiazoles;
diamine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
radical scavenger
pentosidine
pentosidine: structure given in first source. pentosidine : An imidazopyridine having norleucine and ornithine residues attached via their side-chains at the 4- and 2-positions respectively.		3.4611imidazopyridine;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		biomarker;
cross-linking reagent
valdecoxib
[no description available]		3.6120isoxazoles;
sulfonamide		antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
parecoxib
parecoxib: structure in first source. parecoxib : An N-acylsulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of valdecoxib with propionic acid. It is a prodrug for valdecoxib.		7.1510isoxazoles;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
l 692429
L 692429: stimulates release of growth hormone; RN refers to (R)-isomer; structure given in first source		3.1110
mitiglinide
mitiglinide: a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source		2.0510benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
celastrol
[no description available]		2.610monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
metabolite
peroxynitrous acid
Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).		2.0510nitrogen oxoacid
imatinib mesylate
imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.		5.8771methanesulfonate saltanticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
almotriptan
almotriptan : An indole compound having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at the 3-position and a (pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl group at the 5-position.		3.8530indoles;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amine		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
mk 0663
[no description available]		2.9840bipyridines;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gefitinib
[no description available]		5.390aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
n-(n-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine
N-(N-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine: inhibits calcium-activated neutral protease; see also record for E-64; RN given refers to (2-S-(2alpha,3beta)(R*)-isomer)		2.610leucine derivative
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine
N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.		2.0510adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organoiodine compound		adenosine A3 receptor agonist
bay x 1005
2-(4-(quinolin-2-yl-methoxy)phenyl)-2-cyclopentylacetic acid: inhibits synthesis of leukotriene B4 and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; inhibits five-lipoxygenase activating protein(FLAP)and leukotriene A4 hydrolase(LTA4H); structure given in first source;		2.0810
n(6)-carboxymethyllysine
N(6)-carboxymethyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. N(6)-carboxymethyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative with a carboxymethyl substituent at the N(6)-position.		3.4611L-lysine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antigen
angiotensin ii, des-phe(8)-
Ile(5)-angiotensin II (1-7) : An angiotensin compound consisting of the linear heptapeptide sequence L-Asp-L-Arg-L-Val-L-Tyr-L-Ile-L-His-L-Pro.		340amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin		vasodilator agent
n,n-dimethylarginine
N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.		5.2462dimethylarginine;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
vadimezan
vadimezan : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 5,6-dimethyl-9-oxoxanthen-4-yl group.		2.610monocarboxylic acid;
xanthones		antineoplastic agent
e 64
E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)		2.610dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
guanidines;
L-leucine derivative;
zwitterion		antimalarial;
antiparasitic agent;
protease inhibitor
desloratadine
desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.		3.6120benzocycloheptapyridineanti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist
desvenlafaxine
O-desmethylvenlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl group. It is a metabolite of the drug venlafaxine.		3.2310cyclohexanols;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
gyki 53655
GYKI 53655: an AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate) receptor antagonist		2.0810
methotrexate
[no description available]		10.81160dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
tamsulosin
[no description available]		4.08405-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamidealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
rufinamide
rufinamide: for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; structure in first source		3.2310aromatic amide;
heteroarene
antiprimod
azaspirane: structure given in first source		2.0510
sulbactam
[no description available]		2.9740penicillanic acids
exp7711
EXP7711: to search, use E#P7711(nm); angiotensin II receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.420
olmesartan medoxomil
Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.		12.33131biphenyls
dexpanthenol
dexpanthenol: The alcohol of pantothenic acid		3.2310amino alcohol;
monocarboxylic acid amide		cholinergic drug;
provitamin
umifenovir
umifenovir: an antiviral agent		2.610indolyl carboxylic acid
fosamprenavir
fosamprenavir: a prodrug of the protease inhibitor amprenavir. fosamprenavir : A sulfonamide with a structure based on that of sulfanilamide substituted on the sulfonamide nitrogen by a (2R,3S)-4-phenyl-2-(phosphonooxy)-3-({[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]carbonyl}amino)butyl group. It is a pro-drug of the HIV protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir.		3.2310sulfonamideprodrug
bibs 39
BIBS 39: structure given in first source; angiotensin II receptor antagonist		1.9810
sc 51316
SC 51316: structure given in first source; an angiotensin II receptor antagonist		3.1510
safinamide
safinamide: short-acting inhibitor of MOA-B; FCE 26743 is (S)-isomer, FCE 28073 is (R)-isomer; structure in first source		2.610amino acid amide
3-((2'-carboxybiphenyl-4-yl)methyl)-2-cyclopropyl-7-methyl-3h-imidazo(4,5-b)pyridine
3-((2'-carboxybiphenyl-4-yl)methyl)-2-cyclopropyl-7-methyl-3H-imidazo(4,5-b)pyridine: a non-peptide angiotensin II-receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		3.1510
a 81988
A 81988: angiotensin II antagonist selective for type 1 receptors		3.1510
ilomastat
CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor		2.5420hydroxamic acid;
L-tryptophan derivative;
N-acyl-amino acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
ici d8731
ICI D8731: structure given in first source; an angiotensin II receptor antagonist		4.0220
forasartan
forasartan: structure given in first source; an angiotensin AT(1) receptor antagonist; angiotensin II receptor antagonist; used in treatment of congestive heart failure. forasartan : A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by o-(tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl and (3,5-dibutyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl groups, respectively. It is a nonpeptide antagonist of angiotensin II, type 1 (AT1) receptors, used for the treatment of hypertension.		4.0220benzenes;
pyridines;
tetrazoles;
triazoles		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
up 269-6
UP 269-6: structure given in first source; angiotensin receptor antagonist		3.1510
omega-n-methylarginine
omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.		4.732amino acid zwitterion;
arginine derivative;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
abiraterone
[no description available]		2.08103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
pyridines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.99.9 (steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase) inhibitor
ml-3000
[no description available]		2.0810
mk 996
MK 996: an AT1-selective angiotensin II receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		3.1510
5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate
[no description available]		2.0710
febuxostat
Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.. febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.		9.71401,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid;
aromatic ether;
nitrile		EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
dilevalol
(R,R)-labetalol : A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2R-configuration.		2.45202-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide
ici 162846
ICI 162846: structure given in first source		2.0510fatty amide
cd 437
CD 437: selective for retinoic acid receptors gamma. CD437 : A naphthoic acid that is 6-phenylnaphthylene-2-carboxyic acid in which the phenyl substituent has been substituted at positions 3 and 4 by adamant-1-yl and hydroxy groups, respectively. It acts as a selective agonist of retinoic acid receptor (RAR)gamma and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various cancer cells.		2.0810adamantanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
naphthoic acid;
phenols		apoptosis inducer;
retinoic acid receptor gamma agonist
tx 3301
Aspirin, Dipyridamole Drug Combination: A drug combination of aspirin and dipyridamole that functions as a PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR, used to prevent THROMBOSIS and STROKE in TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK patients.		2.7130
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		2.5420amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
escitalopram
Escitalopram: S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.. escitalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram.		3.23101-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrileantidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
lexapro
Lexapro: Trade name of escitalopram, the active S-enantiomer of the racemic citalopram.		2.0810
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin: structure in first source. pralatrexate : A pteridine that is the N-4-[1-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)pent-4-yn-2-yl]benzoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. Used for treatment of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, an aggressive form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma.		3.2310N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pteridines;
terminal acetylenic compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
docetaxel
[no description available]		2.9740hydrate;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		5.4160secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
perifosine
[no description available]		2.0810ammonium betaine;
phospholipid		EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
irofulven
irofulven: structure in first source		2.0410cyclohexenones
atazanavir
atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).		4.8550carbohydrazideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
ym 872
YM 872: structure in first source		2.0410
tariquidar
[no description available]		3.1510benzamides
nsc-141549
[no description available]		2.4620
levofloxacin
Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.		5.381009-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ezetimibe
Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).		7.9372azetidines;
beta-lactam;
organofluorine compound		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite
ertapenem
Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.		3.5820carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial drug
n-palmitoylglycine
N-hexadecanoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl).		2.2110fatty amide;
N-acylglycine 16:0		human metabolite;
marine metabolite
dx 8951
[no description available]		2.0410pyranoindolizinoquinoline
cox 189
lumiracoxib: a COX-2 inhibitor. lumiracoxib : An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity.		3.8730amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cilomilast
[no description available]		2.7430methoxybenzenes
conivaptan
conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).		4.0940benzazepineaquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
cariporide
cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0510
tezosentan
tezosentan: structure in first source		2.4520
mk 767
5-((2,4-dioxo-5-thiazolidinyl)methyl)-2-methoxy-N-((4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methyl)benzamide: an antihyperlipidemic agent that also functions as an insulin sensitizer, PPARalpha agonist, and PPARgamma agonist; structure in first source		2.0810
sabarubicin
sabarubicin: structure given in first source		2.0410
moxifloxacin
Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.		4.2650aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
pyrrolidinopiperidine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug
vx 497
N-3-(3-(3-methoxy-4-oxazol-5-ylphenyl)ureido)benzylcarbamic acid tetrahydrofuran-3-yl ester: structure in first source		2.610
pralnacasan
pralnacasan: NSAID, ICE inhibitor & metastasis inhibitor; RN & structure in first source		3.2310
clevidipine
clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source		3.5820dihydropyridine
jtt 501
JTT 501: an insulin sensitizer; structure in first source		2.0510
solifenacin
[no description available]		4.2650isoquinolines
dexmethylphenidate
dexmethylphenidate : A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate in which both stereocentres have R configuration. It is the active enantiomer in the racemic drug methylphenidate.		3.2310methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetateadrenergic agent
bcx 1812
[no description available]		2.6103-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
acetamides;
cyclopentanols;
guanidines		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
bazedoxifene acetate
[no description available]		2.0810
bazedoxifene
[no description available]		2.0710phenylindole
xamoterol
Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist.		2.9740morpholines
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		5.14130methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
canertinib
[no description available]		2.0810monochlorobenzenes;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound;
quinazolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
cinacalcet
cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.		3.6220(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
naphthalenes;
secondary amino compound		calcimimetic;
P450 inhibitor
birb 796
[no description available]		2.0810aromatic ether;
morpholines;
naphthalenes;
pyrazoles;
ureas		EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator
lubiprostone
[no description available]		3.2310
atazanavir sulfate
Atazanavir Sulfate: An azapeptide and HIV-PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.		2.0510organic sulfate salt
olmesartan
olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866		11.34112biphenylyltetrazoleangiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
telbivudine
[no description available]		3.9530pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
tipifarnib
[no description available]		2.0810imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound;
quinolone		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
celastrol methyl ester
celastrol methyl ester: isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii; potent inhibitory activity on both Kir2.1 and ERG1 potassium channels, leading to LONG QT SYNDROME		2.610carboxylic ester
resiquimod
S 28463: structure given in first source		2.610imidazoquinoline
cyc 202
seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.		2.47202,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
cloperastine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510diarylmethane
abanoquil
[no description available]		2.0410
aminopotentidine
aminopotentidine: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the oxalate. aminopotentidine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the primary amino group of 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-cyano-3-{3-[3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)phenoxy]propyl}guanidine.		2.0510aromatic ether;
benzamides;
guanidines;
nitrile;
piperidines;
substituted aniline		H2-receptor antagonist
tanshinone ii a
tashinone IIA: a cardiovascular agent with antineoplastic activity; isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza; structure in first source		2.610abietane diterpenoid
paromomycin
Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		3.5920amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
anidulafungin
Anidulafungin: Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.. anidulafungin : A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.		3.5820antibiotic antifungal drug;
azamacrocycle;
echinocandin;
heterodetic cyclic peptide;
semisynthetic derivative
avasimibe
[no description available]		2.0510monoterpenoid
anacardic acid
anacardic acid: isolated from Anacardium occidentale; monophenol monooxygenase inhibitor. anacardic acid : A hydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by a pentadecyl group at position 6. It is a major component of cashew nut shell liquid and exhibits an extensive range of bioactivities.		2.610hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybenzoic acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate
17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: Hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS.		3.2310corticosteroid hormone
varenicline
Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.. varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.		4.3830
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		2.7530biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).		14.891279amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite
fiduxosin
fiduxosin: fiduxosin (ABT-980) is the (3aR,9bR)-isomer; structure in first source		3.2310
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		4.5570
ropivacaine
Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.		2.0410piperidinecarboxamide;
ropivacaine		local anaesthetic
migalastat
migalastat: a potent inhibitor of glycolipid biosynthesis		2.610piperidines
sb 203580
[no description available]		2.4720imidazoles;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
enzastaurin
[no description available]		2.0810indoles;
maleimides
erlotinib
[no description available]		4.9960aromatic ether;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
terminal acetylenic compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist;
protein kinase inhibitor
piboserod
Serotonin 5-HT4 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT4 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS.		2.0810
l 163191
[no description available]		2.0810
me 3221
ME 3221: an angiotensin II receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		3.1510
limonin
[no description available]		2.8220epoxide;
furans;
hexacyclic triterpenoid;
lactone;
limonoid;
organic heterohexacyclic compound		inhibitor;
metabolite;
volatile oil component
l 158809
L 158809: RN & structure given in first source; angiotensin receptor antagonist		4.5540
melagatran
[no description available]		2.7430azetidines;
carboxamidine;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
secondary amino compound		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
serine protease inhibitor
scutellarin
scutellarin: see scutellarein for aglycone. scutellarin : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of scutellarein.		2.610glucosiduronic acid;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
trihydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
proteasome inhibitor
aflatoxin b1
Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.		2.4620aflatoxin;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone		carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite
bd 1047
N-(2-(3,4-Dichlorphenyl)ethyl)-N,N',N'-trimethyl-1,2-ethandiamin: sigma receptor ligand; putative sigma receptor antagonist with antidystonic activity		2.0810primary amine
etravirine
[no description available]		3.7320aminopyrimidine;
aromatic ether;
dinitrile;
organobromine compound		antiviral agent;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
chelidonine
chelidonine: benzophenanthridine derived from scoulerine from Chelidonium majus; RN given refers to parent cpd (chelidonine, (5bR-(5balpha,6beta,12alpha))-isomer)		2.610alkaloid antibiotic;
alkaloid fundamental parent;
benzophenanthridine alkaloid
troleandomycin
Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.		2.9840acetate ester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyketide;
semisynthetic derivative		EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor;
xenobiotic
4-n-butylresorcinol
4-n-butylresorcinol: structure in first source		2.610resorcinols
dronedarone
Dronedarone: A non-iodinated derivative of amiodarone that is used for the treatment of ARRHYTHMIA.. dronedarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		3.23101-benzofurans;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
tesaglitazar
tesaglitazar: structure in first source		2.7430
ramelteon
ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist		3.6120indanes
lapatinib
[no description available]		4.9660furans;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
quinazolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
darunavir
Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.		3.7320carbamate ester;
furofuran;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
dapivirine
Dapivirine: effectively prevented human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in cocultures of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and T cells, representing primary targets in sexual transmission		2.610
deferasirox
Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.		3.8730benzoic acids;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols;
triazoles		iron chelator
bms204352
BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source		2.7530
fosfluconazole
fosfluconazole: prodrug of fluconazole		2.0410conazole antifungal drug;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		prodrug
dabigatran
Dabigatran: A THROMBIN inhibitor which acts by binding and blocking thrombogenic activity and the prevention of thrombus formation. It is used to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic EMBOLISM in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.. dabigatran : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{[(4-carbamimidoylphenyl)amino]methyl}-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid with the secondary amoino group of N-pyridin-2-yl-beta-alanine. The active metabolite of the prodrug dabigatran etexilate, it acts as an anticoagulant which is used for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism.		2.5320aromatic amide;
benzimidazoles;
beta-alanine derivative;
carboxamidine;
pyridines		anticoagulant;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
tbc-11251
sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source		3.8730benzodioxoles
tolvaptan
[no description available]		3.6120benzazepine;
benzenedicarboxamide		aquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
sorafenib
[no description available]		9.9960(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
telmisartan, hydrochlorothiazide drug combination
Kinzalkomb: a fixed combination of telmisartan 80 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 125 mg for the treatment of hypertension		12.863110
lenalidomide
[no description available]		3.8930aromatic amine;
dicarboximide;
isoindoles;
piperidones		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator
N-[4-(3-chloro-4-fluoroanilino)-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamide
[no description available]		2.0810aminoquinoline
regadenoson
[no description available]		3.2310purine nucleoside
sr 142806
[no description available]		2.0810
lacosamide
Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.		3.6120N-acyl-amino acid
cp 101,606
traxoprodil mesylate: a selective NMDA antagonist; structure given in first source		2.4520
cholic acid
Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.		2.071012alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer
Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.		2.05103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
C29-steroid;
phytosterols;
stigmastane sterol		anticholesteremic drug;
antioxidant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
cortisone
[no description available]		2.763011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fludrocortisone acetate
fludrocortisone acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the primary hydroxy group of fludrocortisone with acetic acid. A synthetic corticosteroid, it has glucocorticoid actions about 10 times as potent as hydrocortisone, while its mineralocorticoid actions are over 100 times as potent. It is used in partial replacement therapy for primary and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency in Addison's disease and for the treatment of salt-losing adrenal hyperplasia.		2.462011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
fluorinated steroid;
mineralocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
3-nitrotyrosine
3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		4.37412-nitrophenols;
C-nitro compound;
nitrotyrosine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
vincaleukoblastine
[no description available]		3.8730acetate ester;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite
vincristine sulfate
[no description available]		2.7630organic sulfate saltantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector
nsc 74859
NSC 74859: inhibits Stat3 binding activity; structure in first source. S3I-201 : An amidobenzoic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of [(4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonyl)oxy]acetic acid with the amino group of 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid.		2.610amidobenzoic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
tosylate ester		STAT3 inhibitor
pheophorbide a
pheophorbide a: split product of chlorophyll obtained by saponification of pheophytin		2.4920
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		2.0710
benzarone
benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure		3.59201-benzofurans
nsc-89199
estramustine phosphate : A steroid phosphate which is the 17-O-phospho derivative of estramustine.		2.4520carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound;
steroid phosphate
estramustine
Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.		3.592017beta-hydroxy steroid;
carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
radiation protective agent
phenethicillin
phenethicillin: minor descriptor (85); major descriptor (63-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENETHICILLIN (63-84); RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer. phenethicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group.		2.0410penicillin allergen;
penicillin
berbamine
[no description available]		2.610bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines
noscapine
Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.		2.4720aromatic ether;
benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
cyclic acetal;
isobenzofuranone;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antitussive;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
homoharringtonine
Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.		2.0510alkaloid ester;
enol ether;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
protein synthesis inhibitor
acivicin
[no description available]		2.7430isoxazoles;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		antileishmanial agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor;
glutamine antagonist;
metabolite
elesclomol
[no description available]		2.0810carbohydrazide;
thiocarbonyl compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
u-104
SLC-0111: a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
pnu 120596
1-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)urea: an alpha7nAChR agonist; structure in first source		2.1110ureas
wortmannin
[no description available]		2.7530acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
delta-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Penicillium metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent
7-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(2-oxopropyl)-8-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxanyl]-1-benzopyran-4-one
[no description available]		2.610glycoside
o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol
O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.		2.0510carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid;
spiro-epoxide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor;
retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
nsc 663284
NSC 663284: structure in first source		2.0810quinolone
taurochenodeoxycholic acid
Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurochenodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurochenodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. taurochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid.		2.5720bile acid taurine conjugatehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
bortezomib
[no description available]		4.4460amino acid amide;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
protease inhibitor;
proteasome inhibitor
ritonavir
Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		5.771501,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
L-valine derivative;
ureas		antiviral drug;
environmental contaminant;
HIV protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
tizoxanide
tizoxanide: major metabolite of nitazoxanide; structure in first source		2.610salicylamides
bardoxolone methyl
methyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oate: structure in first source		7.5120cyclohexenones
tryptoquivaline
fumitremorgin C : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a mycotoxic indole alkaloid produced by several fungi. A potent and specific inhibitor of the breast cancer resistance protein multidrug transporter.		4.1420aromatic ether;
indole alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		breast cancer resistance protein inhibitor;
mycotoxin
nexavar
[no description available]		2.0510organosulfonate salt
dihydropyridines
Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.		4.8771
nsc 23766
[no description available]		2.0810aminopyrimidine;
aminoquinoline;
primary amino compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antiviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.6.5.2 (small monomeric GTPase) inhibitor;
muscarinic antagonist
leupeptins
Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.		2.2510
rimiterol
rimiterol: was heading 1977-94 (see under CATECHOLS 1977-90); use CATECHOLS to search RIMITEROL 1977-94; predominantly a beta 2 stimulant, therefore affects the cardiovascular system less than isoproterenol, but its action is of shorter duration than that of albuterol		2.0510catechols
lithium chloride
Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.		2.0710inorganic chloride;
lithium salt		antimanic drug;
geroprotector
bradykinin
[no description available]		210oligopeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent
glucosamine
D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.		2.7530D-glucosamineEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
mouse metabolite
naringenin
(S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.		2.0710(2S)-flavan-4-one;
naringenin		expectorant;
plant metabolite
oxytocin
Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent
ouabain
Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.		4.084011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
14beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid hormone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
plant metabolite
puromycin
[no description available]		2.4620puromycinsantiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor;
nucleoside antibiotic;
protein synthesis inhibitor
pentostatin
Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.		3.6120coformycinsantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
taurolithocholic acid
Taurolithocholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurolithocholic acid : The bile acid taurine conjugate of lithocholic acid.		2.4720bile acid taurine conjugate;
monocarboxylic acid amide		human metabolite
nitroarginine
Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.		2.0310guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
N-nitro compound;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
(+)-limonene
(4R)-limonene : An optically active form of limonene having (4R)-configuration.		2.4620limoneneplant metabolite
arbutin
hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.610beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
quinidine
Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.		5.88170cinchona alkaloidalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
muscarinic antagonist;
P450 inhibitor;
potassium channel blocker;
sodium channel blocker
conessine
conessine : A steroid alkaloid that is con-5-enine substituted by a N,N-dimethylamino group at position 3. It has been isolated from the plant species of the family Apocynaceae.		2.610steroid alkaloid;
tertiary amino compound		antibacterial agent;
antimalarial;
H3-receptor antagonist;
plant metabolite
meropenem
Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.		4.2650alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
organic sulfide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
griseofulvin
Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.		4.41601-benzofurans;
antibiotic antifungal drug;
benzofuran antifungal drug;
organochlorine compound;
oxaspiro compound		antibacterial agent;
Penicillium metabolite
cefoxitin
Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.		4.0840beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
cephamycin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
digitoxin
Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.		340cardenolide glycosideEC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
moxalactam disodium
[no description available]		2.4620
saquinavir
Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.		6.11150L-asparagine derivative;
quinolines		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
pancuronium
Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.		3.8730acetate ester;
steroid ester		cholinergic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
rocuronium
Rocuronium: An androstanol non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. It has a mono-quaternary structure and is a weaker nicotinic antagonist than PANCURONIUM.. rocuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.		2.04103alpha-hydroxy steroid;
acetate ester;
androstane;
morpholines;
quaternary ammonium ion;
tertiary amino compound		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
abacavir
abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.		5.21802,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
drug allergen;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
netilmicin
Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.		2.7430
trimethaphan camsylate
trimethaphan camsylate : The (S)-camphorsulfonate salt of trimethaphan.		2.0510
perindopril erbumine
[no description available]		2.0810addition compoundantihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
miglitol
[no description available]		4.2650piperidines
mometasone furoate
Mometasone Furoate: A pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders.		2.753011beta-hydroxy steroid;
2-furoate ester;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
organochlorine compound;
steroid ester		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
metyrosine
alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine : An L-tyrosine derivative that consists of L-tyrosine bearing an additional methyl substituent at position 2. An inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with pheochromocytoma.		3.2310L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor
rocuronium bromide
rocuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.		2.0810organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
nortriptyline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620organic tricyclic compoundgeroprotector
erythromycin estolate
Erythromycin Estolate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.		3.1650aminoglycoside sulfate salt;
erythromycin derivative		enzyme inhibitor
kanamycin sulfate
[no description available]		2.4620aminoglycoside sulfate saltantibacterial drug;
geroprotector
paromomycin sulfate
paromomycin sulfate : An aminoglycoside sulfate salt resulting from the treatment of paromomycin with sulfuric acid. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		2.4620
linezolid
[no description available]		4.4460acetamides;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound;
oxazolidinone		antibacterial drug;
protein synthesis inhibitor
cephaelin
cephaelin: do not confuse with cephalin of brain; after emetine this is the most important alkaloid of ipecac; protein synthesis inhibitor. cephaeline : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having a hydroxy group at the 6'-position and methoxy substituents at the 7'-, 10- and 11-positions.		2.610pyridoisoquinoline
naringin
[no description available]		3.5720(2S)-flavan-4-one;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
neohesperidoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
(-)-usnic acid
(-)-usnic acid : The (-)-enantiomer of usnic acid.		2.610usnic acidEC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
cyclopamine
[no description available]		2.0510piperidinesglioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal
acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal: a proteasome inhibitor. acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal : A tripeptide composed of N-acetylleucyl, leucyl and norleucinal residues joined in sequence.		2.610aldehyde;
tripeptide		cysteine protease inhibitor
6-prenylchrysin
6-prenylchrysin: structure in first source. 6-(3,3-dimethylallyl)chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone that is chrysin substituted by a prenyl group at position 6.		3.51107-hydroxyflavonol;
dihydroxyflavone
devazepide
Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.		2.05101,4-benzodiazepinone;
indolecarboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cholecystokinin antagonist;
gastrointestinal drug
chloramphenicol palmitate
chloramphenicol palmitate: RN given refers to ((R-(R*,R*))-isomer)		2.4620hexadecanoate ester
clindamycin phosphate
[no description available]		3.2310
sodium arsenite
sodium arsenite : An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2.		7.4920arsenic molecular entity;
inorganic sodium salt		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
herbicide;
insecticide;
rodenticide
calcium pantothenate
[no description available]		2.4620polymer
pemirolast potassium salt
[no description available]		2.0810
mepirodipine
mepirodipine: RN & structure given in first source; RN refers to (S,S)-isomer		3.511dihydropyridine
eplerenone
Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		12.53823-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
epoxy steroid;
gamma-lactone;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid acid ester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
tolterodine
[no description available]		4.5870tertiary amineantispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant
doxorubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530anthracycline
erythromycin ethylsuccinate
Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.		2.0510cyclic ketone;
erythromycin derivative;
ethyl ester;
succinate ester
ao 128
AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source		2.4720organic molecular entity
loteprednol etabonate
Loteprednol Etabonate: An androstadiene derivative corticosteroid that is used as an ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic eye conditions.		2.081011beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
etabonate ester;
organochlorine compound;
steroid acid ester;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
darifenacin
darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.		3.58201-benzofurans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidines		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
fluticasone propionate
fluticasone propionate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a propionyl substituent at position 17; has anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activity.		2.773011beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester;
thioester		adrenergic agent;
anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
dermatologic drug
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		2.7930cyclodextrin
acarbose
[no description available]		2.9740amino cyclitol;
glycoside
maleic acid
maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.		2.4620butenedioic acidalgal metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		4.5570retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		2.5720icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		2.610resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
retinol
Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).		3.5920retinol;
vitamin A		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
cyanoginosin lr
cyanoginosin LR: cyclic heptapeptide from cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. microcystin-LR : A microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-leucyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl,L-arginyl, 2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle. Produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, it is the most studied of the microcystins.		2.4620microcystinbacterial metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.		2.0510D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
docosahexaenoate
efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19.		2.0510docosahexaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		2.7930octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
tacrolimus
Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.		5.2180macrolide lactambacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
ferulic acid
ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.		8.6120ferulic acidsanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
MALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite
cerivastatin
cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.		3.5680dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pyridines;
statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin
rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).		4.4160dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidines;
statin (synthetic);
sulfonamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antilipemic drug;
cardioprotective agent;
CETP inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cocaine
Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.		4.3641benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid
icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.		2.0510icosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		anticholesteremic drug;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		5.96712-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
xenobiotic
mupirocin
Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.		2.0810alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester;
epoxide;
monocarboxylic acid;
oxanes;
secondary alcohol;
triol		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clindamycin
Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.		4.2650
lycopene
[no description available]		2.7620acyclic caroteneantioxidant;
plant metabolite
fosfomycin
Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.		4.5570epoxide;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax
Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.		4.88100macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
drf 2725
ragaglitazar: a phenoxazine analogue of phenyl propanoic acid; Ragaglitazar is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma		2.7530
gw 3965
GW 3965: a liver X receptor ligand		2.5420diarylmethane
t0901317
T0901317: an LXRalpha and LXRbeta agonist		2.2510
y 27632
Y 27632: RN given for di-HCl salt; inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase; inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation; structure in first source. Y-27632 : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is trans-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide in which one of the nitrogens of the aminocarbony group is substituted by a pyridine nucleus. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enzyme.		2.0810aromatic amide
diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.		2.4720olefinic compound;
polyphenol		antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen
bms 214662
7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine: a farnesyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source. BMS-214662 : A member of the class of benzodiazepines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine substituted by (1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl, benzyl, (thiophen-2-yl)sulfonyl, and cyano groups at positions 1, 3R, 4 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of farnesyltransferase (IC50 = 1.35nM) which was under clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors.		2.0410benzenes;
benzodiazepine;
imidazoles;
nitrile;
sulfonamide;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
octreotide
[no description available]		3.2310
eptifibatide
[no description available]		3.5820homodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
organic disulfide		anticoagulant;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime
6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime: structure in first source. 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime : A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin substituted at position 6 by a bromo group and in which the keto group at position 3' has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime.		2.0810
purvalanol b
purvalanol B: protein kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0810purvalanolprotein kinase inhibitor
y-700
[no description available]		2.0810
repsox
RepSox: inhibits TGF-beta signaling; structure in first source appears to be incorrect		2.0810pyrazolopyridine
alitretinoin
Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.		2.0510retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
metabolite;
retinoid X receptor agonist
roflumilast
[no description available]		2.610aromatic ether;
benzamides;
chloropyridine;
cyclopropanes;
organofluorine compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
L-cycloserine
L-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has S configuration. An antibiotic isolated from Erwinia uredovora.		2.6104-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-oneanti-HIV agent;
anticonvulsant;
EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor
h 89
N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		2.610N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
gs 4071
GS 4071: The acid form.. oseltamivir acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza.		2.7430acetate ester;
amino acid;
cyclohexenecarboxylic acid;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
imidazolidines
[no description available]		2.0810azacycloalkane;
imidazolidines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
decitabine
[no description available]		4.26502'-deoxyribonucleoside
sm 8668
Sch 39304: Sch 42427 is the active entantiomer of the antifungal agent Sch 39304 which consists of Sch 42426 & Sch 42427; Sch 42426, the (S,S)-isomer, is inactive		2.4520
teniposide
[no description available]		4.2650aromatic ether;
beta-D-glucoside;
cyclic acetal;
furonaphthodioxole;
gamma-lactone;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
troxacitabine
troxacitabine: shows good anti-HIV activity without cytotoxicity		2.0410carbohydrate derivative;
nucleobase-containing molecular entity
valrubicin
[no description available]		2.0810anthracycline;
trifluoroacetamide
ketoconazole
(2R,4S)-ketoconazole : A cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine which dioxolane moiety has (2R,4S)-configuration.		3.5110cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine
cefamandole
Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.		2.7430cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		5.250actinomycinmutagen
bevirimat
bevirimat: an HIV inhibitor; disrupts late step in processing HIV Major Core Protein p24, preventing the capsid precursor p25 from being converted to mature capsid p24. bevirimat : A pentacyclic triterpenoid obtained by the formal condensation of 2,2-dimethylsuccinic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of betulinic acid. It is isolated from the Chinese herb Syzygium claviflorum. The first in the class of HIV-1 maturation inhibitors to be studied in humans, bevirimat was identified as a potent HIV drug candidate and several clinical trials were conducted, but development into a new drug was plagued by numerous resistance-related problems.		2.610dicarboxylic acid monoester;
monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		HIV-1 maturation inhibitor;
metabolite
tiazofurin
tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).		2.45201,3-thiazoles;
C-glycosyl compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
prodrug
azaserine
Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.		2.4620carboxylic ester;
diazo compound;
L-serine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antifungal agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
glutamine antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
melphalan
Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.		4.2650L-phenylalanine derivative;
nitrogen mustard;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
sitafloxacin
[no description available]		2.7430fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolines;
quinolone antibiotic
enkephalin, leucine
Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.		2.1110pentapeptide;
peptide zwitterion		analgesic;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
rat metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.		2.7620amino aldehyde;
carbamate ester;
tripeptide		proteasome inhibitor
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		5.0770nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
posaconazole
[no description available]		4.7240aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxolanes;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		trypanocidal drug
dibekacin
Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring.		2.0410kanamycinsantibacterial agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
gw 257406x
maribavir: has antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus		2.610
rubitecan
rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin.		2.4720C-nitro compound;
delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
semisynthetic derivative;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
micafungin
Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.		4.6240antibiotic antifungal drug;
echinocandin		antiinfective agent
shikonin
shikonin: a naphthazarin; has antineoplastic and angiogenesis inhibiting activities		2.5720hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
4,4-difluoro-N-[(1S)-3-[3-(3-methyl-5-propan-2-yl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]-1-phenylpropyl]-1-cyclohexanecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.5820tropane alkaloid
cmx 001
[no description available]		2.610
amd 8664
[no description available]		2.610
bay 41-4109
BAY 41-4109: structure in first source		2.610
bay 57-1293
pritelivir: herpes simplex virus 1 helicase-primase inhibitor		2.610
favipiravir
favipiravir : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine substituted by aminocarbonyl, hydroxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3 and 6, respectively. It is an anti-viral agent that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of several RNA viruses and is approved for the treatment of influenza in Japan.		4.5511hydroxypyrazine;
organofluorine compound;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor
riboflavin
vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).		3.5920flavin;
vitamin B2		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food colouring;
fundamental metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
2'-c-methylcytidine
2'-C-methylcytidine: structure in first source		2.610
evp 4593
EVP 4593: an NF-kappaB pathway inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0710
isoxanthohumol
isoxanthohumol: structure in first source		2.610flavanones
sodium bicarbonate
Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.		3.8630one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antacid;
food anticaking agent
sodium acetate, anhydrous
Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.		2.0510organic sodium saltNMR chemical shift reference compound
sodium benzoate
Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.		2.0510organic sodium saltalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
arsenic trioxide
Tetraarsenic Oxide: A form of As2O3 that exists as As4O6 in the solid state. It dissociates to As2O3 upon heating to the vapor phase above 800 degrees Celsius.		3.8630arsenic oxideantineoplastic agent;
insecticide
dipyrone
Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.		2.0510organic sodium saltanti-inflammatory agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug;
prodrug
ditiocarb sodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-n-hydroxybutanamide
4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-N-hydroxybutanamide: a c-FLIP inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610aromatic ether
tolfenamic acid
tolfenamic acid: structure. tolfenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-chloro-2-methylphenyl group. Tolfenamic acid is used specifically for relieving the pain of migraine. It also shows anticancer activity.		2.0710aminobenzoic acid;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mecarbinate
[no description available]		2.610
idarubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620anthracycline
sr 90107
fondaparinux sodium : An organic sodium salt, being the decasodium salt of fondaparinux.		3.2310
carbenoxolone sodium
Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.		2.4620triterpenoid
carbenoxolone
[no description available]		2.0510
meglumine iodipamide
[no description available]		3.2310organoammonium saltradioopaque medium
tenatoprazole
Tenatoprazole: structure in first source		2.4820imidazopyridine
piperine
piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.		2.1110benzodioxoles;
N-acylpiperidine;
piperidine alkaloid;
tertiary carboxamide		food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
plant metabolite
thyrotropin-releasing hormone
PR 546: no other info available 9/89. protirelin : A tripeptide composed of L-pyroglutamyl, L-histidyl and L-prolinamide residues joined in sequence.		3.2310peptide hormone;
tripeptide		human metabolite
discodermolide
[no description available]		2.0510diterpenoid
cannabidiol
Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.		2.5420olefinic compound;
phytocannabinoid;
resorcinols		antimicrobial agent;
plant metabolite
arginine vasopressin
Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.		4.2450vasopressincardiovascular drug;
hematologic agent;
mitogen
gw9662
2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide: pretreatment of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors with GW9662 results in the irreversible loss of ligand binding		5.87340benzamides
s 1033
[no description available]		4.4530(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
imidazoles;
pyridines;
pyrimidines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal
acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal: a capase inhibitor. Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-H : A tetrapeptide consisting of two L-aspartic acid residues, an L-glutamyl residue and an L-valine residue with an acetyl group at the N-terminal and with the C-terminal carboxy group reduced to an aldehyde. It is an inhibitor of caspase-3/7.		2.610tetrapeptideprotease inhibitor
mezlocillin
Mezlocillin: Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.. mezlocillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		2.4520penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
trilostane
trilostane: inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone; adrenal blocking agent used in treatment of Cushing's syndrome. trilostane : An epoxy steroid that is 3,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androst-2-ene-2-carbonitrile in which the oxygen of the epoxy group is joined to the 4alpha and 5 alpha positions.		2.081017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid;
epoxy steroid;
nitrile		abortifacient;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.210 [3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase] inhibitor
tropisetron
Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.		2.4620indolyl carboxylic acid
benidipine
benidipine: RN refers to (R*,R*)-(+-)-isomer		7.4110
quinidine sulfate
[no description available]		2.0510
leuprolide acetate
leuprolide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining the nonapeptide leuprolide with acetic acid. A long lasting GnRH analog, LH-Rh agonist. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		2.0810acetate saltantineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
leuprolide
Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		2.0410oligopeptideanti-estrogen;
antineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
octotropine methylbromide
octotropine methylbromide: minor descriptor (65-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (69-86); RN given refers to endo-isomer. anisotropine methylbromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide.		2.610
fludarabine
[no description available]		2.0410purine nucleoside
propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.		4.6680pyrimidinethioneantidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antimetabolite;
antioxidant;
antithyroid drug;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
hormone antagonist
ipratropium
[no description available]		2.4110
prothionamide
Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents.		2.0510pyridines
chlorprothixene
Chlorprothixene: A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.. (Z)-chlorprothixene : A chlorprothixene in which the double bond adopts a (Z)-configuration.		3.6520chlorprothixene
etomidate
Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.		3.8630ethyl ester;
imidazoles		intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
mercaptopurine
Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.		4.7890aryl thiol;
purines;
thiocarbonyl compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
jrf 12
N2,N4-dibenzylquinazoline-2,4-diamine: a selective, potent, reversible, and ATP-competitive p97 inhibitor		2.610
levosulpiride
(S)-(-)-sulpiride : An optically active form of sulpiride having (S)-configuration. The active enantiomer of the racemic drug sulpiride. Selective D2-like dopamine antagonist (Ki values are ~ 0.015. ~ 0.013, 1, ~ 45 and ~ 77 muM at D2, D3, D4, D1 and D5 receptors respectively).		2.0810sulpirideantidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
3,4'-dihydroxyflavone
3,4'-dihydroxyflavone: an antioxidant; structure in first source		2.610
caffeic acid
trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.		7.2510caffeic acidgeroprotector;
mouse metabolite
rg108
RG108: DNA methyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0810indolyl carboxylic acid
pyrantel
Pyrantel: A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920). pyrantel : A carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'.		3.23101,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines;
carboxamidine;
thiophenes		antinematodal drug
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propenoic acid
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propenoic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid : A methoxycinnamic acid that is trans-cinnamic acid substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3' and 4' respectively.		2.610methoxycinnamic acid
stf 083010
[no description available]		2.0810
4-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-1-methylpyridinium
4-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-1-methylpyridinium: fluorescent probe for living cells; structure in first source. 4-[4-(dimethylamino)styryl]-N-methylpyridinium : A pyridinium cation obtained by methylation at position 1 of 4-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)pyridine		2.4110pyridinium ion
isoferulic acid
isoferulic acid: isomer of ferulic acid; structure. isoferulic acid : A ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 3 respectively on the phenyl ring.		2.610ferulic acidsantioxidant;
biomarker;
metabolite
N-(3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophen-2-yl)-1-naphthalenecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.0810naphthalenecarboxamide
cyclouridine
cyclouridine: structure given in third source		2.610
cotinine
Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.		2.4520N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid		antidepressant;
biomarker;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
flunarizine
Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.		2.0810diarylmethane
thiothixene
[no description available]		3.8630N-methylpiperazineanticoronaviral agent
eszopiclone
Eszopiclone: A pyridine, pyrazine, and piperazine derivative that is used as a HYPNOTIC AND SEDATIVE in the treatment of INSOMNIA.. eszopiclone : The (5S)- (active) enantiomer of zopiclone. Unlike almost all other hypnotic sedatives, which are approved only for the relief of short-term (6-8 weeks) insomnia, eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for long-term use.		3.6120zopiclonecentral nervous system depressant;
sedative
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		4.0130aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
cct018159
CCT018159: structure in first source. CCT-018159 : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole carrying 1,4-benzodioxane-6-yl and 5-ethyl-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl substituents at positions 4 and 5 respectively.		2.0810benzodioxine;
pyrazoles;
resorcinols		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
Hsp90 inhibitor
secinh3
SecinH3: a small molecule antagonist of cytohesins; structure in first source		2.0810triazoles
jk184
JK184: structure in first source		2.0810
benztropine
Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.		3.2310diarylmethane
nootkatone
nootkatone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source. (+)-nootkatone : A sesquiterpenoid that is 4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2(3H)-one which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4 and 4a, and by an isopropenyl group at position 6 (the 4R,4aS,6R stereoisomer).		2.0710carbobicyclic compound;
enone;
sesquiterpenoid		fragrance;
insect repellent;
plant metabolite
methimazole
Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.		4.42601,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thionesantithyroid drug
cinnarizine
Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.		2.4720diarylmethane;
N-alkylpiperazine;
olefinic compound		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
sulindac
Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.		4.7890monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		analgesic;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent
zucapsaicin
[no description available]		2.610methoxybenzenes;
phenols
capsaicin
ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.		3.1450capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
terbinafine
[no description available]		4.1240acetylenic compound;
allylamine antifungal drug;
enyne;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
epalrestat
epalrestat : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid;
thiazolidines		EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
nbd 556
[no description available]		2.610
drotaverin
drotaverin: Hungarian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.1550isoquinolines
chlorogenic acid
caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		7.2110cinnamate ester;
tannin		food component;
plant metabolite
thioguanine anhydrous
Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		4.44602-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
(1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride
(1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.4620hydrochloride
tacrine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510
sodium propionate
sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.		2.0510organic sodium saltantifungal drug;
food preservative
D-fructopyranose
[no description available]		3.570cyclic hemiketal;
D-fructose;
fructopyranose		sweetening agent
thioacetamide
Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.		7.7730thiocarboxamidehepatotoxic agent
succimer
Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning.		3.2310dicarboxylic acid;
dithiol;
sulfur-containing carboxylic acid		chelator
digoxin
Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.		11.92121cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
4,5,6,7-tetrachloroindan-1,3-dione
4,5,6,7-tetrachloroindan-1,3-dione: inhibits ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1		2.610
streptozocin
[no description available]		4.0840
capsazepine
capsazepine: modified capsaicin molecule; a capsaicin receptor antagonist. capsazepine : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist.		2.0510benzazepine;
catechols;
monochlorobenzenes;
thioureas		capsaicin receptor antagonist
tamoxifen citrate
[no description available]		2.0810citrate saltangiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent
tamoxifen
[no description available]		4.7890stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
sodium taurodeoxycholate
Taurodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.. taurodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.. taurodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurodeoxycholic acid.		2.0710bile acid taurine conjugatehuman metabolite
nadp
[no description available]		2.5220
hc-067047
HC-067047: a TRPA1 antagonist; structure in first source		2.0810
bi-78d3
[no description available]		2.0810aryl sulfide
ethionamide
Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.		3.5920pyridines;
thiocarboxamide		antilipemic drug;
antitubercular agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor;
leprostatic drug;
prodrug
t 0070907
T 0070907: a PPARgamma antagonist; structure in first source		2.1110carbonyl compound;
organohalogen compound
srpin340
SRPIN340: Serine-Arginine-Rich Protein Kinase Inhibitor		2.610
gsk 3787
[no description available]		2.0810
pr-619
[no description available]		2.610
p5091
P5091: inhibits ubiquitin-specific protease 7; structure in first source		2.610
cancidas
[no description available]		4.4230
sirtinol
[no description available]		2.1310aldimine;
benzamides;
naphthols		anti-inflammatory agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Sir2 inhibitor
methyl-thiohydantoin-tryptophan
methyl-thiohydantoin-tryptophan: structure in first source		2.0810organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
2-[2-chloro-6-ethoxy-4-[(3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-4-pyrazolylidene)methyl]phenoxy]acetic acid methyl ester
[no description available]		2.0810monocarboxylic acid
4-(5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1h-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide
[no description available]		2.0810sulfonamide
fusidic acid
Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.		4.114011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
steroid acid;
steroid antibiotic;
sterol ester		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
lincomycin
Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.		3.8630carbohydrate-containing antibiotic;
L-proline derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
S-glycosyl compound		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
valinomycin
Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.		2.4720cyclodepsipeptide;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
antiviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
thiopental
Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		2.4520barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative;
xenobiotic
trovirdine
trovirdine: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor		2.610
estrone sulfate
estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd		4.064017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ranitidine
Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.		3.8630C-nitro compound;
furans;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
H2-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
aplaviroc
aplaviroc: a spiro-diketo-piperazine; a potent noncompetitive allosteric antagonist of the CCR5 receptor with concomitantly potent antiviral effects for HIV-1; structure in first source		3.2310
hmr 3647
[no description available]		4.7790
latoconazole
latoconazole: RN refers to cpd without isomeric designation; latoconazole is (E)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0810conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug
maraviroc
[no description available]		3.8930tropane alkaloid
LSM-1318
[no description available]		2.0810oxa-steroid
fti 277
[no description available]		2.610
toremifene citrate
[no description available]		2.0810stilbenoidanticoronaviral agent
toremifene
Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.		3.8630aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amine		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
u 0126
U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610aryl sulfide;
dinitrile;
enamine;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
osteogenesis regulator;
vasoconstrictor agent
rwj 67657
RWJ 67657: inhibits p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; structure in first source		2.0810
vicriviroc
vicriviroc: structure in first source		2.610(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
telaprevir
[no description available]		2.5420cyclopentapyrrole;
cyclopropanes;
oligopeptide;
pyrazines		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
peptidomimetic
nelarabine
nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G).		3.8730beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
prodrug
glycylproline
Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group.		3.5720dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
2-[(2-ethoxyphenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine
[no description available]		2.9740aromatic ether
cv 11194
CV 11194: structure given in first source; an angiotensin II receptor antagonist		3.1510
6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine
6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine: an mGlu5 antagonist. 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine : A methylpyridine that coinsists of 2-methylp[yridine bearing an additional phenylethynyl group at position 6. Potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype (IC50 = 36 nM) and a positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. Reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed rat hind paw.		2.0810acetylenic compound;
methylpyridines		anxiolytic drug;
metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
bms 387032
N-(5-(((5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-oxazolyl)methyl)thio)-2-thiazolyl)-4-piperidinecarboxamide: a CDK2 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source. N-(5-{[(5-tert-butyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of piperidine-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-{[(5-tert-butyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-amine. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of CDK2, CDK7 and CDK9 kinases and exhibits anti-cancer properties.		2.08101,3-oxazoles;
1,3-thiazoles;
organic sulfide;
piperidinecarboxamide;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
dermatan sulfate
Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.		3.2310amino disaccharide;
glycosylgalactose derivative;
iduronic acids;
oligosaccharide sulfate
droloxifene
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
raclopride
Raclopride: A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.		2.0610salicylamides
dolasetron
[no description available]		3.5820indolyl carboxylic acid
or 1259
[no description available]		2.4520hydrazone;
nitrile;
pyridazinone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
gestodene
Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer		2.7530steroidestrogen
orlistat
Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.		10.7351beta-lactone;
carboxylic ester;
formamides;
L-leucine derivative		anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
idoxifene
idoxifene: structure given in first source		2.0510stilbenoid
quinine
[no description available]		5.37100cinchona alkaloidantimalarial;
muscle relaxant;
non-narcotic analgesic
glycodeoxycholic acid
Glycodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.		2.0710bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
isepamicin
[no description available]		2.0410
ifetroban
ifetroban: thromboxane receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; a 7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane derivative		2.0410benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
lamifiban
lamifiban: a nonpeptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist; prevents platelet loss during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass		2.0410N-acylglycine
fospropofol
[no description available]		3.2310alkylbenzene
tandutinib
[no description available]		2.0810aromatic ether;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-carbamoylpiperazine;
phenylureas;
piperidines;
quinazolines;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
vx-745
[no description available]		2.0810aryl sulfide;
dichlorobenzene;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidopyridazine		anti-inflammatory drug;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
corlanor
ivabradine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining ivabradine with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used to treat patients with angina who have intolerance to beta blockers and/or heart failure.		2.0810hydrochloridecardiotonic drug
milfasartan
milfasartan: angiotensin I receptor antagonist; structure in first source		3.1510
azilect
[no description available]		2.0810
rasagiline
[no description available]		3.2310indanes;
secondary amine;
terminal acetylenic compound		EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
dasatinib
N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).		5.12701,3-thiazoles;
aminopyrimidine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
emetine dihydrochloride
emetine dihydrochloride : The dihydrochloride salt of emetine.. emetine dihydrochloride hydrate : A hydrate that is the monohydrate of the dihydrochloride salt of emetine.		2.0710hydrochlorideanticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiviral agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
emetic;
protein synthesis inhibitor
dmp 811
DMP 811: angiotensin II receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		3.1510
zd 6474
CH 331: structure in first source		3.930aromatic ether;
organobromine compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines;
secondary amine		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
telavancin
telavancin: an anti-infective agent; structure in first source. telavancin : A glycopeptide that is vancomycin substituted at position N-3'' by a 2-(decylamino)ethyl group and at position C-29 by a (phosphonomethyl)aminomethyl group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by bacteria.		2.0410glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
silybin
[no description available]		2.0510
compound 968
compound 968: a glutaminase inhibitor. 5-[3-bromo-4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-2,2-dimethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[a]phenanthridin-4(1H)-one : A partially hydrogenated benzophenanthridine carrying an oxo group at C-4, geminal methyl groups at C-2 and a 3-bromo-4-(dimethylamino)phenyl group at C-5.		2.0810benzophenanthridineEC 3.5.1.2 (glutaminase) inhibitor
yya-021
YYA-021: an HIV entry inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.		2.1110
sb-224289
SB 224289 : A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2'-methyl-4'-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid with the secondary amino group of 1'-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-spiro[furo[2,3-f]indole-3,4'-piperidine]. Selective 5-HT1B receptor antagonist (pKi = 8.2). Displays >60-fold selectivity over 5-HT1D, 5-HT1A, 5-HT1E, 5-HT1F, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in radioligand binding and functional assays. Centrally active following oral administration in vivo.		2.08101,2,4-oxadiazole;
azaspiro compound;
benzamides;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		serotonergic antagonist
gw 7647
GW 7647: a PPAR-alpha agonist; structure in first source. GW 7647 : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-(phenylsulfanyl)isobutyric acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at the para- position by a 3-aza-7-cyclohexylhept-1-yl group in which the nitrogen is acylated by a (cyclohexylamino)carbonyl group.		2.0810aryl sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
ureas		PPARalpha agonist
chloramine-t
chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.		2.0510organic sodium saltallergen;
antifouling biocide;
disinfectant
l 663536
MK-886: orally active leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor. 3-[3-(tert-butylsulfanyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid : A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by a isopropyl group at position 5, a tert-butylsulfanediyl group at position 3, a 4-chlorobenzyl group at position 1 and a 2-carboxy-2-methylpropyl group at position 2. It acts as an inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.		2.0810aryl sulfide;
indoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
leukotriene antagonist
1-[6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazolyl]-N-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methoxy]methanimine
[no description available]		2.0810imidazoles
N4-ethyl-N6,1,2-trimethyl-N4-phenylpyrimidin-1-ium-4,6-diamine
[no description available]		2.0810aromatic amine;
tertiary amino compound
2-[[2-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-1-oxo-5-isoquinolinyl]oxy]propanoic acid ethyl ester
[no description available]		2.0810isoquinolines
sb 415286
3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylamino)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610C-nitro compound;
maleimides;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
sch 79797
[no description available]		2.0810quinazolines
sitagliptin
sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		4.5670triazolopyrazine;
trifluorobenzene		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
hypoglycemic agent;
serine proteinase inhibitor;
xenobiotic
osteoprotegerin
Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.		2.0810long-chain fatty acid
3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol
3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol: (-)-CP-55,940 and (+)-CP-56,667 are enantiomers; RN refers to CP-55,940		2.2110alkylbenzene;
ring assembly
flosequinan
[no description available]		2.0510quinolines
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1h-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide: a TGF-beta type I receptor kinase activity inhibitor		2.0810benzamides;
benzodioxoles;
imidazoles;
pyridines		EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
tolcapone
Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.		4.861002-nitrophenols;
benzophenones;
catechols		antiparkinson drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-(3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)azetidin-2-one
[no description available]		2.0810monobactam
diclofenac sodium
Diclofenac Sodium: The sodium form of DICLOFENAC. It is used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.. diclofenac sodium : The sodium salt of diclofenac.		2.4920organic sodium salt
imd 0354
N-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzamide: a cardioprotective agent that inhibits IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta); structure in first source		2.0810benzamides
ex 527
6-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide: structure in first source. 6-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide : A member of the class of carbazoles that is 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole which is substituted at position 1 by an aminocarbohyl group and at position 6 by a chlorine.		2.0810carbazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound
sq 109
N-geranyl-N'-(2-adamantyl)ethane-1,2-diamine: has antitubercular activity		3.5110
tak-220
TAK-220: structure in first source		2.610
jtk-303
[no description available]		2.610aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone		HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
nbd 557
[no description available]		2.610
sphingosine
sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.		7.5120sphing-4-eninehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
quercetin
[no description available]		8.58807-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
bilirubin
[no description available]		3.1510biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		2.7530prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		5.4453monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
apigenin
Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.		3.5110trihydroxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
linoleic acid
Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.		7.2510octadecadienoic acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
plant metabolite
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		9.140D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
vitamin k semiquinone radical
vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.		4.3711
beta carotene
beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.		2.0510carotenoid beta-end derivative;
cyclic carotene		antioxidant;
biological pigment;
cofactor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
provitamin A
11-cis-retinal
Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry.		2.4320retinalchromophore;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
thromboxane a2
Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.		210epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
thromboxanes A		mouse metabolite
retinol palmitate
retinol palmitate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. retinyl palmitate : A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.. all-trans-retinyl palmitate : An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.		2.4620all-trans-retinyl ester;
retinyl palmitate		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
5'-o-caffeoylquinic acid
trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinic acid : A cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 5-hydroxy group of quinic acid.		2.610cinnamate ester;
cyclitol carboxylic acid		plant metabolite
luteolin-7-glucoside
luteolin-7-glucoside: has both antiasthmatic and antineoplastic activities; has 3C protease inhibitory activity; isolated from Ligustrum lucidum. luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.610beta-D-glucoside;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
trihydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
plant metabolite
alprostadil
[no description available]		2.4720prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
cyclosporine
[no description available]		2.610
vitamin d 2
Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.		4.0940hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-ergostane;
vitamin D		bone density conservation agent;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
rodenticide
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.		2.4820D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone		geroprotector;
human metabolite
rutin
Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.		2.3110disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
bilirubin diglucuronide
[no description available]		3.1510
alpha-linolenic acid
linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.		2.0810linolenic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
harmine
Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.		2.610harmala alkaloidanti-HIV agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
genistein
[no description available]		2.48207-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		5.2180antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid
Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.		2.9640oxapenamantibacterial drug;
anxiolytic drug;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort
Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.		4.678011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic acetal;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
drug allergen
oxymetholone
Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.		3.8730
eprosartan
eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.		11323dicarboxylic acid;
imidazoles;
thiophenes		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
montelukast
montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		4.5470aliphatic sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
mivacurium
Mivacurium: An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent.		3.5820isoquinolines
timolol maleate
(S)-timolol maleate : The maleic acid salt of the active (S)-enantiomer of timolol, comprising equimolar amounts of (S)-timolol and maleic acid.		2.4620maleate saltanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
brompheniramine maleate
brompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		2.7630maleate saltanti-allergic agent
chlorpheniramine maleate
[no description available]		2.4620organic molecular entity
clemastine fumarate
clemastine fumarate : The fumaric acid salt of clemastine. An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.		2.7530fumarate saltanti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
dexchlorpheniramine maleate
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
olopatadine
[no description available]		2.4820
methylergonovine maleate
[no description available]		2.4620ergoline alkaloidgeroprotector
hemabate
carboprost tromethamine : The tromethamine salt of carboprost. It is used as an abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.		3.2310
mycophenolate mofetil
mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		4.1340carboxylic ester;
ether;
gamma-lactone;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
entacapone
entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.		5.051202-nitrophenols;
catechols;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
paricalcitol
[no description available]		4.0840hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane		antiparathyroid drug
astaxanthine
astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.		2.0510carotenol;
carotenone		animal metabolite;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
food colouring;
plant metabolite
gardenia yellow
gardenia yellow: extract of gardenia fruit; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF. crocin-1 : A diester that is crocetin in which both of the carboxy groups have been converted to their gentiobiosyl esters. It is one of the water-soluble yellow-red pigments of saffron and is used as a spice for flavouring and colouring food. Note that in India, the term 'Crocin' is also used by GlaxoSmithKline as a brand-name for paracetamol.		2.1110diester;
disaccharide derivative;
diterpenoid		antioxidant;
food colouring;
histological dye;
plant metabolite
esculetin
esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure. esculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light.		7.1110hydroxycoumarinantioxidant;
plant metabolite;
ultraviolet filter
amentoflavone
[no description available]		2.610biflavonoid;
hydroxyflavone;
ring assembly		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiviral agent;
cathepsin B inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
plant metabolite
baicalein
[no description available]		2.610trihydroxyflavoneangiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hormone antagonist;
plant metabolite;
prostaglandin antagonist;
radical scavenger
diosmin
[no description available]		2.0510dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone;
rutinoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant
genkwanin
genkwanin: structure. genkwanin : A monomethoxyflavone that is apigenin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is methylated.		2.610dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone		metabolite
hyperoside
quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.		2.610beta-D-galactoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glycoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
mangiferin
shamimin: isolated from the leaves of Bombax ceiba; structure in first source		2.1110C-glycosyl compound;
xanthones		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
mangostin
mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit. alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.		2.610aromatic ether;
phenols;
xanthones		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
3-methylquercetin
isorhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by a methoxy group.		2.6107-hydroxyflavonol;
monomethoxyflavone;
tetrahydroxyflavone		anticoagulant;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
metabolite
kaempferide
kaempferide: structure in first source. kaempferide : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-O-methyl derivative of kaempferol.		2.6107-hydroxyflavonol;
monomethoxyflavone;
trihydroxyflavone		antihypertensive agent;
metabolite
morin
morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.		2.07107-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
myricetin
[no description available]		2.11107-hydroxyflavonol;
hexahydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
food component;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
orientin
orientin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (D-glucopyranosyl)-isomer. orientin : A C-glycosyl compound that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 8.		2.6103'-hydroxyflavonoid;
C-glycosyl compound;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
scutellarein
scutellarein: aglycone of scutellarin from Scutellaria baicalensis; carthamidin is 2S isomer of scutellarein; do not confuse with isoscutellarein and/or isocarthamidin which are respective regioisomers, or with the scutelarin protein. scutellarein : Flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7.		2.610tetrahydroxyflavonemetabolite
coumestrol
Coumestrol: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.. coumestrol : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9.		2.0710coumestans;
delta-lactone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
daidzein
[no description available]		2.07107-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene
trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: hydroxystilbene oxyresveratrol		2.610stilbenoid
polydatin
trans-piceid : A stilbenoid that is trans-resveratrol substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.		2.610beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyphenol;
stilbenoid		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antioxidant;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite;
nephroprotective agent;
potassium channel modulator
chicoric acid
chicoric acid: inhibits HIV-1 integrase		2.610organooxygen compoundgeroprotector;
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
cynarine
cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent		2.0510alkyl caffeate ester;
quinic acid		plant metabolite
acteoside
acteoside: a protein kinase C inhibitor with hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and analgesic activities; a phenylethanoid glycoside related to isoacteoside; from leaves of Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae). acteoside : A glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid.		2.610catechols;
cinnamate ester;
disaccharide derivative;
glycoside;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antileishmanial agent;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
flupenthixol
cis-flupenthixol : A flupenthixol in which the double bond adopts a cis-configuration.		2.4720flupenthixoldopaminergic antagonist
sdz psc 833
valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215		2.7530homodetic cyclic peptide
estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide
17beta-estradiol 17-glucosiduronic acid : A steroid glucosiduronic acid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having a beta-glucuronyl residue attached at position 17 via a glycosidic linkage.		4.07403-hydroxy steroid;
steroid glucosiduronic acid
l 660,711
[no description available]		4.3250quinolines
coenzyme q10
coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.		2.0510ubiquinonesantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite
tectochrysin
tectochrysin: structure in first source. tectochrysin : A monohydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 7 respectively.		3.5110monohydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone		antidiarrhoeal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
cilnidipine
[no description available]		2.07102-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug
sorivudine
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
travoprost
Travoprost: A cloprostenol derivative that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.. travoprost : The isopropyl ester of prostaglandin F2alpha in which the pentyl group is replaced by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxymethyl group. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha, ophthalmic solutions of travoprost are used as a topical medication for controlling the progression of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure. It is a pro-drug; the isopropyl ester group is hydrolysed by esterases in the cornea to the biologically active free acid, fluprostenol.		2.0810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isopropyl ester;
prostaglandins Falpha		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
ophthalmology drug;
prodrug;
prostaglandin receptor agonist
tranilast
tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.		2.4720amidobenzoic acid;
cinnamamides;
dimethoxybenzene;
secondary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
calcium channel blocker;
hepatoprotective agent;
nephroprotective agent
7432 s
Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.		3.2310cephalosporin;
dicarboxylic acid		antibacterial drug
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha
8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.		5.2543F2-isoprostanebiomarker;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
imipenem
[no description available]		2.0810carbapenems
etretinate
retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.		2.4720enoate ester;
ethyl ester;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
isotretinoin
Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.		4.5670retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
teratogenic agent
misoprostol
Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.		2.0510
ketotifen fumarate
ketotifen fumarate : An organoammonium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of ketotifen(1+) and fumarate(1-) ions. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is a non-bronchodilator anti-asthmatic drug.		2.0810organoammonium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
epoprostenol
[no description available]		3.2310prostaglandins Imouse metabolite
indocyanine green
[no description available]		3.58201,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
dinoprost tromethamine
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
ozagrel
ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer		2.0510cinnamic acids
triprolidine
Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.		3.2310N-alkylpyrrolidine;
olefinic compound;
pyridines		H1-receptor antagonist
pitavastatin
pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.		4.7180cyclopropanes;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
quinolines;
statin (synthetic)		antioxidant
rosuvastatin calcium
S 4522: structure in first source		2.0810N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine-1-phosphoethanolamine;
organic calcium salt		anti-inflammatory agent;
cardioprotective agent;
CETP inhibitor
terbinafine hydrochloride
terbinafine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of terbinafine with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride.		2.520allylamine antifungal drug;
hydrochloride		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride
cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride : The dihydrochloride salt of cis-flupenthixol.		2.0510hydrochloridegeroprotector
ethamolin
monoethanolamine oleate: used for treatment of pyogenic granuloma		3.2310long-chain fatty acid
alatrofloxacin mesylate
[no description available]		3.5920
9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate
9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoic acid: toxic metabolite of leukocytes; causes cardiac failure in dogs; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.1310medium-chain fatty acid
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.1104-hydroxynon-2-enal;
4-hydroxynonenal
sphingosine 1-phosphate
sphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R*,S*-(E)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89. sphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1		2.5120sphingoid 1-phosphatemouse metabolite;
signalling molecule;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist;
T-cell proliferation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
codeine
[no description available]		4.0840morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
cyclosporine
ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF		6.1150homodetic cyclic peptideanti-asthmatic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antirheumatic drug;
carcinogenic agent;
dermatologic drug;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620organic molecular entity
natamycin
[no description available]		2.4720antibiotic antifungal drug;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyene antibiotic		antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial food preservative;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
ophthalmology drug
acitretin
Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.		4.2750acitretin;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
acrivastine
acrivastine: a second generation antihistamine. acrivastine : A member of the class of pyridines that is (pyridin-2-yl)acrylic acid substituted at position 6 by a [(1E)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl group. It is a non-sedating antihistamine used for treatment of hayfever, urticaria, and rhinitis.		2.4620alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
olefinic compound;
pyridines		H1-receptor antagonist
dihydrocodeine
dihydrocodeine: RN refers to parent cpd(5alpha,6alpha)-isomer		2.0510morphinane alkaloid
diminazene aceturate
diminazene diaceturate : An N-acetylglycinate salt resulting from the reaction of diminazene with 2 mol eq. of N-acetylglycine.		2.2110N-acetylglycinate saltantiparasitic agent;
trypanocidal drug
dorzolamide
dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		2.610sulfonamide;
thiophenes		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
dothiepin
[no description available]		2.0510dothiepin
estropipate
estropipate: used therapeutically in menopausal patients		3.2310piperazinium salt;
steroid sulfate
hydromorphone
Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.		3.5820morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
levetiracetam
Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.		4.140pyrrolidin-2-onesanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ly 163892
loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.		4.2650carbacephem;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
nabilone
nabilone: cannabinol deriv; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.2310
nalmefene
nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer		3.1550morphinane alkaloid
nalorphine
Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.		2.0510morphinane alkaloid
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		4.96110morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone
Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.		3.8530organic heteropentacyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
oxymorphone
Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)		3.5920morphinane alkaloid
vitamin k 1
Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.		3.2310phylloquinones;
vitamin K		cofactor;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
proscillaridin
Proscillaridin: A cardiotonic glycoside isolated from Scilla maritima var. alba (Squill).		2.4620organic molecular entity
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		13.483antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
topiramate
Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.		4.4460cyclic ketal;
ketohexose derivative;
sulfamate ester		anticonvulsant;
sodium channel blocker
trospium chloride
trospium chloride : An organic chloride salt of trospium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		3.2310
gamma-cyclodextrin
gamma-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of eight alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.		2.5420cyclodextrin
alvocidib
alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.		2.4520dihydroxyflavone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
seocalcitol
seocalcitol: structure given in first source		2.0510
fenretinide
Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.		2.7630monocarboxylic acid amide;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant
topiroxostat
FYX-051: xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor		3.5110
geldanamycin
[no description available]		2.05101,4-benzoquinones;
ansamycin;
carbamate ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
cysteine protease inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		4.6880morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
demycarosylturimycin h
[no description available]		2.4720
ter 199
[no description available]		2.0810
acipimox
acipimox: lipolysis inhibitor		2.0810pyrazinecarboxylic acid
arachidonylcyclopropylamide
arachidonylcyclopropylamide: a potent and selective agonist of neuronal cannabinoid receptor; structure in first source		2.0810
atosiban
[no description available]		2.0810oligopeptide
benzphetamine
Benzphetamine: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222). benzphetamine : Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity.		3.2310amphetamines;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
appetite depressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
sympathomimetic agent
bimatoprost
Bimatoprost: A cloprostenol-derived amide that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid amideantiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent
cicaprost
cicaprost: RN given refers to (3aS-(2E,3aalpha,4alpha(3R*,4R*),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer		2.0410monoterpenoid
deamino arginine vasopressin
Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptidediagnostic agent;
renal agent;
vasopressin receptor agonist
dexmedetomidine
[no description available]		3.5820medetomidinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sedative
goserelin
Goserelin: A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.		3.2310organic molecular entity
benzyloxycarbonyl-phe-ala-fluormethylketone
cathepsin B inhibitor : A cysteine protease inhibitor which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1).		2.610
iloprost
Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.		2.7530carbobicyclic compound;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol		platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
lacidipine
[no description available]		2.4920cinnamate ester;
tert-butyl ester
latanoprost
Latanoprost: A prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA.. latanoprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is the isopropyl ester prodrug of latanoprost free acid. Used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		2.0810isopropyl ester;
prostaglandins Falpha;
triol		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
prodrug
ly 320135
LY 320135: cannabinoid receptor antagonist; structure in first source		2.0810benzofurans
lysophosphatidylcholines
lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.		3.46111-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
n-(n-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)alanyl)phenylglycine tert-butyl ester
DAPT : A dipeptide consisting of alanylphenylglycine derivatised as a 3,5-difluorophenylacetamide at the amino terminal and a tert-butyl ester at the carboxy terminal. A gamma-secretase inhibitor.		2.610carboxylic ester;
difluorobenzene;
dipeptide;
tert-butyl ester		EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor
nalbuphine
Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.		3.8530organic heteropentacyclic compoundmu-opioid receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic
nateglinide
Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		5.1780phenylalanine derivative
pd 123319
PD123319 : An imidazopyridine consisting of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine having 4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbenzyl, diphenylacetyl and carboxy and groups at positions 1, 5 and 6 respectively		5.39131imidazopyridineangiotensin receptor antagonist;
endothelin receptor antagonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
pd 166285
[no description available]		2.0810
spirapril
spirapril: structure given in first source		2.0510azaspiro compound;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
dithioketal;
ethyl ester;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
vinorelbine
[no description available]		4.0840acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
ring assembly;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
kn 93
KN 93: reduces dopamine content in PC12h cells. KN-93 : A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of p-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid with the anilino nitrogen of 2-(aminomethyl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline in which the hydrogens of the primary amino group have been replaced by methyl and p-chlorocinnamyl groups. KN-93 is a selective inhibitor of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.		2.110monochlorobenzenes;
monomethoxybenzene;
primary alcohol;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		EC 2.7.11.17 (Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
silodosin
silodosin: an alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist; structure given in first source		3.2310indolecarboxamide
kn 62
KN 62: inhibitor of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II		2.0810piperazines
su 6656
SU 6656: a c-Src kinase inhibitor; used to probe growth signaling; structure in first source. SU6656 : A member of the class of oxindoles that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which the hydrogeh at position 5 has been replaced by a dimethylaminosulfonyl group and in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group has been replaced by a 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-indol-2-yl group. It is a specific inhibitor of Src family kinase.		2.0810
casticin
casticin: from fruit of Vitex rotundifolia; structure in second source. casticin : A tetramethoxyflavone that consists of quercetagetin in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3, 6, 7 and 4' have been replaced by methoxy groups. It has been isolated from Eremophila mitchellii.		2.610dihydroxyflavone;
tetramethoxyflavone		apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one
5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one: isolated from the Chinese herb Scutellariae radix. oroxylin A : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-6.		2.610dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
(E)-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside
2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside: Tyrosinase inhibitor from Polygonum multiflorum; structure in first source. (E)-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside : A stilbenoid that is trans-stilbene which has been substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, 5, and 4', and in which the hydroxy group at positon 2 has then been converted to the corresponding the beta-D-glucoside.		2.610beta-D-glucoside;
resorcinols;
stilbenoid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
furazolidone
[no description available]		2.7530
fluvoxamine
Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.		4.4260(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
tyrphostin ag 555
[no description available]		2.610
bosutinib
4-((2,4-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)amino)-6-methoxy-7-(3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propoxy)-3-quinolinecarbonitrile: a Src kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		3.5110aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
N-methylpiperazine;
nitrile;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
semaxinib
semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.		2.4720olefinic compound;
oxindoles;
pyrroles		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
orantinib
orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.		2.0510
su 11248
[no description available]		4.6640monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrroles		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
neuroprotective agent;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
palbociclib
[no description available]		2.0810aminopyridine;
aromatic ketone;
cyclopentanes;
piperidines;
pyridopyrimidine;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
jnj-7706621
[no description available]		2.0810sulfonamide
romidepsin
depsipeptide : A natural or synthetic compound having a sequence of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually alpha-amino and alpha-hydroxy acids), commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating.		2.0410cyclodepsipeptide;
heterocyclic antibiotic;
organic disulfide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.		4.96110dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
indoles;
organofluorine compound
molsidomine
[no description available]		2.4720ethyl ester;
morpholines;
oxadiazole;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
oxiconazole
oxiconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer; structure given in first source. oxiconazole : An oxime O-ether that is the 2,4-dichlorobenzyl ether of the oxime obtained by formal condensation of hydroxylamine with the carbonyl group of acetopnenone in which the phenyl group is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 4, and in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a 1H-imidazol-1-yl group. An antifungal agent, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) in creams and powders for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.		2.0710conazole antifungal drug;
dichlorobenzene;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
oxime O-ether		antiinfective agent
pd 151746
[no description available]		2.610
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid
15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)		210
octylmethoxycinnamate
[no description available]		2.4620cinnamate ester
aluminum
Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.		7.2510boron group element atom;
elemental aluminium;
metal atom
levorphanol
Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.		3.2310morphinane alkaloid
naltrexone
Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.		4.2650cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
morphine-6-glucuronide
morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer		2.0410morphinane alkaloid
dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.		4.28506-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthreneantitussive;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
oneirogen;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
butorphanol
Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.		4.2650morphinane alkaloidantitussive;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
cefodizime
cefodizime: RN given refers to (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefodizime : A cephalosporin compound having 5-(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		2.04101,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
methylnaltrexone
methylnaltrexone: RN given refers to parent cpd(5alpha)-isomer		2.5220phenanthrenes
cefixime
[no description available]		4.5570cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
lisinopril
Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		12.033211dipeptideEC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazepril
benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.		6.5172benzazepine;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
lactam		EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
ramipril
Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.		19.7316761azabicycloalkane;
cyclopentapyrrole;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester		bradykinin receptor B2 agonist;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor;
prodrug
verteporfin
(2R,2(1)S)-8-ethenyl-2(1),2(2)-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-17-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13-propanoic acid : The 2(1),2(2),17-trimethyl ester of (2R,2(1)S)-2(1),2(2)-dicarboxy-8-ethenyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13,17-dipropanoic acid.		3.7320
batimastat
batimastat: structure given in first source; a synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. batimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3R)-5-methyl-3-{[(2S)-1-(methylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-2-[(thiophen-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl]hexanoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. It a broad-spectrum matrix metalloprotease inhibitor.		2.610hydroxamic acid;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
organic sulfide;
secondary carboxamide;
thiophenes;
triamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
indinavir sulfate
Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.		4.97110dicarboxylic acid diamide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
piperazinecarboxamide		HIV protease inhibitor
zimeldine
Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)		3.2310styrenes
puerarin
[no description available]		2.4110C-glycosyl compound;
isoflavonoid
3,3',4,5'-tetramethoxy-trans-stilbene
(E)-3,4,3',5'-tetramethoxystilbene: from the leaves of Eugenia rigida; structure in first source		3.5110
enalapril maleate
enalapril maleate : The maleic acid salt of enalapril. It contains one molecule of maleic acid for each molecule of enalapril. Following oral administration, the ethyl ester group of enalapril is hydrolysed to afford the corresponding carboxylic acid, enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Enalapril is thus a prodrug for enalaprilat (which, unlike enalapril, is not absorbed by mouth), and its maleate is used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients.		2.0810maleate saltantihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
enalapril
Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).		13.815317dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
prodrug
vinblastine sulfate
[no description available]		2.4620
nitrofurazone
Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.		2.4720
trientine hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.8630
n-methylscopolamine bromide
scopolamine methobromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of scopolamine with methyl bromide.		3.2310
cisplatin
[no description available]		2.0810diamminedichloroplatinumantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cross-linking reagent;
ferroptosis inducer;
genotoxin;
mutagen;
nephrotoxin;
photosensitizing agent
fumarates
Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)		9.46136butenedioate;
C4-dicarboxylate		human metabolite;
metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
bleomycin
[no description available]		3.5920bleomycinantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		3.5111cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
dextromethorphan hydrobromide
dextromethorphan hydrobromide : The hydrobromide and monohydrate of the antitussive drug dextromethorphan.		2.4620hydrate;
hydrobromide
indinavir sulfate
[no description available]		2.0510azaheterocycle sulfate salt
enalaprilat anhydrous
Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.		4.5570dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source		2.2510
ramiprilat
ramiprilat : A dipeptide that is the active metabolite of ramipril. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.		7.0610azabicycloalkane;
cyclopentapyrrole;
dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide		bradykinin receptor B2 agonist;
cardioprotective agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
imidapril
imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.		2.4720dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
imidazolidines;
N-acylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
sulindac sulfone
sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfone		apoptosis inducer;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
cinanserin
Cinanserin: A serotonin antagonist with limited antihistaminic, anticholinergic, and immunosuppressive activity.. cinanserin : An aryl sulfide that is (2E)-3-phenyl-N-(2-sulfanylphenyl)prop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen of the thiol group is substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. It is a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist and an inhibitor of SARS-CoV replication.		2.2510aryl sulfide;
cinnamamides;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
solanesol
solanesol : A nonaprenol that is hexatriaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34-nonaen-1-ol substituted by 9 methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31 and 35 (the all-trans0stereoisomer).		2.610nonaprenol;
primary alcohol		plant metabolite
pepstatin
pepstatin: inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsin		2.610pentapeptide;
secondary carboxamide		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor
ximelagatran
ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage.		3.8630amidoxime;
azetidines;
carboxamide;
ethyl ester;
hydroxylamines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary carboxamide		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
prodrug;
serine protease inhibitor
cefuroxime
[no description available]		4.41603-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin;
furans;
oxime O-ether		drug allergen
ceftriaxone
[no description available]		4.77901,2,4-triazines;
1,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime
Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		4.0840cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug
hr 810
cefpirome: structure in first source. cefpirome : A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		2.0410cephalosporin;
cyclopentapyridine
l 685458
L 685458: a gamma-secretase inhibitor; structure in first source. L-685,458 : A peptide and carboxamide that is L-leucyl-L-phenylalaninamide, L-Leu-L-Phe-NH2, which has been acylated on the N-terminus by a Phe-Phe hydroxyethylene dipeptide isotere, 2R-benzyl-5S-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4R-hydroxy-6-phenylhexanoic acid. Compounds based on the structure of L-685,458 are potent inhibitors of gamma-secretase, which mediates the final catalytic step that generates the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta), which assembles into the neurotoxic aggregates in the brains of sufferers of Alzheimer's disease.		2.610carbamate ester;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
peptide;
secondary alcohol		EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor;
peptidomimetic
pafuramidine
pafuramidine: a prodrug of furamidine		3.2310
ceftazidime
[no description available]		4.2650cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
ici 118551
ICI 118551: RN given refers to (R*,R*)-(+-)-isomer; structure in first source; ICI 111581 is hydrochloride of ICI 118551. ICI 118551 : An indane substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a 3-(isopropylamino)-2-hydroxybutoxy group (the 2R,3S-diastereomer).		2.2510aromatic ether;
indanes;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic antagonist
trandolapril
trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.		4.4260dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
pregabalin
Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.		8.9230gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker
tiotropium
tiotropium : A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by methylation of the tertiary amino group of (1alpha,2beta,4beta,5alpha,7beta)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.0(2,4)]nonane. Used (in the form of the bromide hydrate) for maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.		2.4110
cefetamet
cefetamet: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; structure given in first source. cefetamet : A cephalosporin compound having methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side-groups; a cephalosporin antibiotic active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.		2.7430cephalosporin
alvimopan anhydrous
alvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain		3.9430peptide
oxyfedrine
Oxyfedrine: A drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, heart failure, conduction defects, and myocardial infarction. It is a partial agonist at beta adrenergic receptors and acts as a coronary vasodilator and cardiotonic agent.		2.0510aromatic ketone
aliskiren
aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position.		10.04146monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene		antihypertensive agent
vx680
[no description available]		2.0810N-arylpiperazine
bms 806
BMS 806: prevents entry of HIV into cells by binding HIV envelope protein gp120; no further info available 4/2002		2.610
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone
[no description available]		2.610
guanabenz acetate
[no description available]		2.0510dichlorobenzenegeroprotector
guanabenz
Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.7530dichlorobenzene
famotidine
[no description available]		5.041201,3-thiazoles;
guanidines;
sulfonamide		anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
fenoterol
fenoterol hydrobromide : The hydrobromide salt of fenoterol. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.		2.4620hydrobromidebeta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent
tulobuterol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.610organic molecular entity
salubrinal
salubrinal: prevents dephosphorylation of eIF2alpha; structure in first source. salubrinal : A member of the class of quinolines that is a mixed aminal resulting from the formal condensation oftrichloroacetaldehyde with the amide nitrogen of trans-cinnamamide and the primary amino group of 1-quinolin-8-ylthiourea. It is a selective inhibitor of cellular complexes that dephosphorylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (eIF2alpha).		2.610aminal;
organochlorine compound;
quinolines;
secondary carboxamide;
thioureas
cefotaxime
Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.		4.08401,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
aztreonam
[no description available]		4.6680beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
monobactam		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
proguanil
Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.		3.6320biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
cci 15641
[no description available]		2.4720cephalosporin
rifamycin sv
rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.		2.7730acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol;
rifamycins		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
bacterial metabolite
ginkgolide b
[no description available]		2.4520
ro 42-5892
remikiren : An L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a (2S)-2-[(2-methylpropane-2-sulfonyl)methyl]-3-phenylpropanoyl group and the carboxy group is replaced by a [(2S,3R,4S)-1-cyclohexyl-4-cyclopropyl-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]amino group. It is a renin inhibitor which was under development for the treatment of hypertension (now discontinued).		2.4620cyclopropanes;
diol;
L-histidine derivative;
secondary carboxamide;
sulfone		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.23.15 (renin) inhibitor;
peptidomimetic;
vasodilator agent
selenium
Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.		2.4820chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
oxalates
Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.		2.2510
cefpodoxime
[no description available]		3.2310carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
palonosetron
Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.		3.5820azabicycloalkane;
delta-lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antiemetic;
serotonergic antagonist
(3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
Fluvastatin: An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.. (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.. fluvastatin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.		4.3941(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
epoprostenol sodium
[no description available]		2.0510prostanoid
maxacalcitol
maxacalcitol: structure given in first source		2.1110organic molecular entity
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate : A fumarate salt prepared from equimolar amounts of tenofovir disoproxil and fumaric acid. It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.0810fumarate saltantiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
cefatrizine
Cefatrizine: Orally active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity.. cefatrizine : A cephalosporin compound having (1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylsulfanyl)methyl and [(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]acetamido side-groups. An antibacterial drug first prepared in the 1970s, it has more recently been found to be an inhibitor of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K), which is known to regulate apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in many types of human cancers.		3.1550amino acid amide;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
phenols;
semisynthetic derivative;
triazoles		antibacterial drug;
EC 2.7.11.20 (elongation factor 2 kinase) inhibitor
d 4476
[no description available]		2.0810imidazoles
enclomiphene citrate
[no description available]		2.0510
cyc 116
4-methyl-5-(2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)thiazol-2-amine: an aurora kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0810
lasalocid sodium
lasalocid sodium : The sodium salt of lasalocid. It is a veterinary ionophore antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry.		2.0710benzoates;
organic sodium salt		coccidiostat;
ionophore
diphenoxylate hydrochloride
diphenoxylate hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenoxylate.		2.4620hydrochlorideantidiarrhoeal drug
cholestanol
Cholestanol: A cholesterol derivative found in human feces, gallstones, eggs, and other biological matter.		3.4511cholestanoid
eniporide
eniporide: inhibits NHE-1 isoform; structure in first source		2.0410
bay 19-8004
BAY 19-8004: a PDE4 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0810
dexbrompheniramine maleate
dexbrompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of the (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		2.0810brompheniramine maleateanti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
tiacrilast
tiacrilast: structure given in first source		2.4620
cilastatin
[no description available]		2.4520carboxamide;
L-cysteine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organic sulfide		EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
rifaximin
[no description available]		3.6120acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterohexacyclic compound;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative		antimicrobial agent;
gastrointestinal drug;
orphan drug
germacrone
germacrone: isolated from Curcuma wenyujin		2.610germacrane sesquiterpenoid;
olefinic compound		androgen antagonist;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antifeedant;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antitussive;
antiviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
hepatoprotective agent;
insecticide;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
ergonovine maleate
ergometrine maleate : A maleate salt resulting form the reaction of equimolar amounts of maleic acid and ergometrine. It is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.		2.4620maleate saltdiagnostic agent;
oxytocic
(2e,4e,6e,10e)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid
(2E,4E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid: an acyclic retinoid that suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence; structure in first source		2.610
lithospermic acid
[no description available]		2.610
everolimus
[no description available]		3.6120cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
1-alpha, 25-difluorovitamin d3
[no description available]		2.2110
laq824
LAQ824: Histone deacetylase inhibitor		2.610
ixabepilone
[no description available]		3.86301,3-thiazoles;
beta-hydroxy ketone;
epoxide;
lactam;
macrocycle		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
ekb 569
EKB 569: an EGF receptor kinase inhibitor		2.610aminoquinoline;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
nitrile		protein kinase inhibitor
axitinib
[no description available]		2.0810aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
indazoles;
pyridines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
pai 039
tiplaxtinin: inhibitor of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1		2.0810indole-3-acetic acids
rilpivirine
[no description available]		420aminopyrimidine;
nitrile		EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
(1Ar,7aS,10aS,10bS)-1a,5-dimethyl-8-methylidene-2,3,6,7,7a,8,10a,10b-octahydrooxireno[9,10]cyclodeca[1,2-b]furan-9(1aH)-one
[no description available]		2.610germacranolide
4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid
[no description available]		2.610quinic acid
indigo carmine
3,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid: from roots of Lychnophora ericoides; structure in first source. 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid : A carboxylic ester that is the diester obtained by the condensation of the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 of (-)-quinic acid with the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid. Isolated from Brazilian propolis and Suaeda glauca, it exhibits hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities.		2.610
azlocillin
Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.		2.7430penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
verlukast
verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist		2.4620
gw 1929
GW 1929: activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; structure in first source		2.4820benzophenones
cefpodoxime proxetil
cefpodoxime proxetil: structure given in first source; prodrug for cefpodoxime. cefpodoxime proxetil : The 1-[(isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy]ethyl (proxetil) ester prodrug of cefpodoxime. After swallowing, hydrolysis of the ester group occurs in the intestinal epithelium, to release active cefpodoxime in the bloodstream. It is used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and sinusitis.		2.0810carboxylic acid;
carboxylic ester;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug;
prodrug
ceftizoxime
[no description available]		4.7750cephalosporinantibacterial drug
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide
[no description available]		3.620ergot alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide		serotonergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
carumonam
carumonam: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3alpha(Z))-isomer. carumonam : An N-sulfonated monobactam antibiotic.		2.0410monobactamantibacterial drug
fluphenazine
[no description available]		2.0810
gw2974
GW2974: quinazoline derivative, which is able to block the activation of both the EGFR and erbB2		2.0810pyridopyrimidine
l 162313
L 162313: a biphenylimidazole derivative; a non-peptide angiotensin agonist; no further information available 2/95		2.0510
dantrolene sodium
dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene.		2.7530
nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.		4.7790imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
nifurtimox
Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.		2.0510nitrofuran antibiotic
ispinesib
[no description available]		2.0810benzamides
gadolinium dtpa
Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)		2.1310gadolinium coordination entityMRI contrast agent
sq-23377
Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.		3.2110cyclic ether;
enol;
polyunsaturated fatty acid;
very long-chain fatty acid		calcium ionophore;
metabolite
eritoran
eritoran : A lipid A derivative used for the treatment of severe sepsis.		2.0410lipid As
dantrolene
[no description available]		3.9130
roxithromycin
(E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.		2.7730roxithromycinenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cefdinir
[no description available]		3.6120cephalosporin;
ketoxime		antibacterial drug
etonogestrel
[no description available]		3.231017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin
bisoprolol, fumarate (1:1) salt
[no description available]		2.0810
artesunate
artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether		3.1850artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
hemisuccinate;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
ferroptosis inducer
beraprost
beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.		9.7521enyne;
monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary allylic alcohol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antihypertensive agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin receptor agonist;
vasodilator agent
lanreotide
[no description available]		2.0510
etoposide phosphate
[no description available]		2.0810furonaphthodioxole
dexniguldipine
niguldipine: structure given in first source; clinical modulator of multidrug resistance		2.0410diarylmethane
ciclesonide
ciclesonide: nasal spray approved for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis		2.0810organic molecular entity
napsagatran
napsagatran: structure given in first source		2.0410
temsirolimus
[no description available]		4.0940macrolide lactam
dutasteride
Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland.		3.930(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
(3S,6S,9S,12R)-3-[(2S)-Butan-2-yl]-6-[(1-methoxyindol-3-yl)methyl]-9-(6-oxooctyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazabicyclo[10.4.0]hexadecane-2,5,8,11-tetrone
[no description available]		2.610oligopeptide
tekturna
[no description available]		2.0810fumarate saltantihypertensive agent
pd 184352
2-(2-chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3,4-difluorobenzamide: inhibits MAP kinase kinase; structure in first source		2.0810aminobenzoic acid
isavuconazole
isavuconazole : A 1,3-thiazole that is butan-2-ol which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 3 by 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 2,5-difluorophenyl, and 4-(p-cyanophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl groups, respectively. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis.		3.51101,3-thiazoles;
conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
nitrile;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor;
ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor;
orphan drug
lu 208075
ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension		3.5920diarylmethane
bms188797
[no description available]		2.0410
bibx 1382bs
BIBX 1382BS: an ErbB receptor kinase inhibitor; no further information available 4/2001		3.6120substituted aniline
vildagliptin
[no description available]		7.8330amino acid amide
fesoterodine
fesoterodine: a muscarinic antagonist for treatment of overactive bladder		3.2310diarylmethane
belinostat
[no description available]		2.610hydroxamic acid;
olefinic compound;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
hdac-42
HDAC-42: structure in first source		2.5820amidobenzoic acid
acetylcarnitine
O-acetyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.		2.0510O-acetylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
[4-[[4-(1-benzothiophen-2-yl)-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]phenyl]-[4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-piperidinyl]methanone
[no description available]		2.0810benzamides;
N-acylpiperidine
chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.		2.9130biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent
sgd 301-76
[no description available]		2.0810conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
organic nitrate salt		antiinfective agent
fluvoxamine maleate
[no description available]		2.0810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
thioacetazone
Thioacetazone: A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217). thiosemicarbazone : A hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with the non-thioacylated nitrogen of thiosemicarbazide or its substituted derivatives.		2.0810
azimilide
azimilide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to dihydrochloride		2.0410imidazolidine-2,4-dione
nifurtoinol
nifurtoinol : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group.		2.0510hydrazone;
imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
gemifloxacin
Gemifloxacin: A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.. gemifloxacin : A 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position.		3.23101,8-naphthyridine derivative;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
gs-7340
tenofovir alafenamide: component of Biktarvy. tenofovir alafenamide : An L-alanine derivative that is isopropyl L-alaninate in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by an (S)-({[(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)(phenoxy)phosphoryl group. A prodrug for tenofovir, it is used (as the fumarate salt) in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		2.6106-aminopurines;
ether;
isopropyl ester;
L-alanine derivative;
phosphoramidate ester		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
5-hydroxydantrolene
5-hydroxydantrolene: dantrolene metabolte		2.4110imidazolidine-2,4-dione
dexlansoprazole
Dexlansoprazole: The R-isomer of lansoprazole that is used to treat severe GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.		3.6120benzimidazoles;
sulfoxide
gemifloxacin mesylate
gemifloxacin mesylate : The mesylate salt of gemifloxacin.		2.0810methanesulfonate saltantimicrobial agent;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fosinopril
[no description available]		4.3730
armodafinil
armodafinil : A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has R configuration at the sulfur atom. Like its racemate, modafinil, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. Peak concentration in the blood later occurs later following administration than with modafinil, so it is thought that armodafinil may be more effective than modafinil in treating people with excessive daytime sleepiness.		3.23102-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamidecentral nervous system stimulant;
eugeroic
iniparib
[no description available]		2.5820carbonyl compound;
organohalogen compound
n-(2-amino-5-fluorobenzyl)-4-(n-(pyridine-3-acrylyl)aminomethyl)benzamide
[no description available]		2.610
pri-2205
[no description available]		2.610
exp-3179
[no description available]		3.8630
pratosartan
pratosartan: angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker		3.5520biphenylyltetrazoleantihypertensive agent
mk 0752
[no description available]		2.5820
gw 501516
GW 501516: a selective PPARdelta agonist; structure in first source. GW 501516 : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a (1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)sulfanediyl group, and in which the 1,3-thiazolyl group is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by p-trifluoromethylphenyl and methyl groups, respectively.		2.08101,3-thiazoles;
aromatic ether;
aryl sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound		carcinogenic agent;
PPARbeta/delta agonist
eflucimibe
eflucimibe: a powerful and systemic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor		2.0510
givinostat
[no description available]		2.610carbamate ester
av 412
[no description available]		2.0810
ag-041r
AG-041R: structure in first source		2.0810
telatinib
[no description available]		2.0810
tomopenem
[no description available]		2.4520
cp 547632
3-(4-bromo-2,6-difluorobenzyloxy)-5-(3-(4-pyrrolidin-1-ylbutyl)ureido)isothiazole-4-carboxylic acid amide: inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 tyrosine kinase; structure in first source		2.0810
timcodar
timcodar: a mutlidrug resistance inhibitor; structure in first source		3.5110
pd 144418
[no description available]		2.610
spc-839
SPC-839: an inhibitor of activator protein 1; structure in first source		2.0810
bicyclol
bicyclol: an antihepatitis drug, on the metabolism and hepatotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in rats.		2.610
lenvatinib
lenvatinib : A member of the class of quinolines that is the carboxamide of 4-{3-chloro-4-[(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)amino]phenoxy}-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxylic acid. A multi-kinase inhibitor and orphan drug used (as its mesylate salt) for the treatment of various types of thyroid cancer that do not respond to radioiodine.		7.5720aromatic amide;
aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
quinolines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist;
orphan drug;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
andarine
[no description available]		2.0810acetamides;
anilide
gw843682x
[no description available]		2.0810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
pd 0325901
mirdametinib: has antineoplastic activity; appears to be a MEK inhibitor. PD 0325901 : A hydroxamic acid ester that is benzhydroxamic acid (N-hydroxybenzamide) in which the hydroxamic acid group has been converted to the corresponding 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester and in which the benzene ring has been substituted at position 2 by a (2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)amino group and at positions 3 and 4 by fluorines (the R enantiomer).		2.0810difluorobenzene;
hydroxamic acid ester;
monofluorobenzenes;
organoiodine compound;
propane-1,2-diols;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.12.2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) inhibitor
midostaurin
midostaurin : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is the N-benzoyl derivative of staurosporine.		2.5820benzamides;
gamma-lactam;
indolocarbazole;
organic heterooctacyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
sincalide
Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.		4.5940oligopeptide
tapentadol
Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES.		3.2310alkylbenzene
ag 14361
[no description available]		2.0810benzimidazoles
etomoxir
[no description available]		2.4820aromatic ether
sb 265610
[no description available]		2.0810
ly 450139
[no description available]		2.610peptide
ursodoxicoltaurine
tauroursodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. tauroursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.		2.5420bile acid taurine conjugateanti-inflammatory agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bone density conservation agent;
cardioprotective agent;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
bb-83698
BB-83698: peptide deformylase inhibitor		2.0410
pentagastrin
Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.		3.5920organic molecular entity
fr 148083
5Z-7-oxozeaenol : A macrolide that is the 7-oxo derivative of zeaenol (the 5Z stereoisomer). Isolated from Fungi, it exhibits cytotoxic, antibacterial and inhibitory activity against NF-kappaB.		2.0810aromatic ether;
macrolide;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		3.2250aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
osi 930
OSI 930: inhibits both receptor tyrosine kinase Kit and kinase insert domain receptor; structure in first source		2.0810aromatic amide
ki 20227
[no description available]		2.0810
fimasartan
fimasartan: an angiotensin II receptor antagonist		2.4110biphenyls
cefditoren
cefditoren: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (6R-(3(Z),6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefditoren : A broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with (Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Generally administered as its orally absorbed pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug, it is used for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections.		3.2310carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
scio-469
SCIO-469: a small-molecule p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitor for potential oral therapy for inflammatory disorders; in phase lib clinical trials for rheumatoid arthritis 4/2004. talmapimod : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-3-[(dimethylamino)(oxo)acetyl]-1-methylindole-5-carboxylic acid with the secondary amino group of (2S,5R)-1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-2,5-dimethylpiperazine. It is a potent inhibitor of MAPK and exhibits anti-cancer properties.		2.0810aromatic amide;
aromatic ketone;
chloroindole;
dicarboxylic acid diamide;
indolecarboxamide;
monofluorobenzenes;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
ticagrelor
Ticagrelor: An adenosine triphosphate analogue and reversible P2Y12 PURINORECEPTOR antagonist that inhibits ADP-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used for the prevention of THROMBOEMBOLISM by patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME or a history of MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.. ticagrelor : A triazolopyrimidine that is an adenosine isostere; the cyclopentane ring is similar to ribose and the nitrogen-rich [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine moiety resembles the nucleobase adenine. A platelet aggregation inhibitor which is used for prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome.		2.2510aryl sulfide;
hydroxyether;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
triazolopyrimidines		P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
ssr 69071
SSR 69071: structure in first source		2.0810pyridopyrimidine
cp 724714
2-methoxy-N-(3-(4-((3-methyl-4-((6-methyl-3-pyridinyl)oxy)phenyl)amino)-6-quinazolinyl)-2-propenyl)acetamide: CP-724714 is the ((2E)-isomer, 1:1.5 succinate); structure in first source		2.1102-methoxy-N-[3-[4-[3-methyl-4-[(6-methyl-3-pyridinyl)oxy]anilino]-6-quinazolinyl]prop-2-enyl]acetamideantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
rivaroxaban
Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.		2.930aromatic amide;
lactam;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound;
oxazolidinone;
thiophenes		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
zotarolimus
zotarolimus: synthetic analog of rapamycin; structure in first source		9.7621lactam;
macrolide
sb 3ct compound
SB 3CT compound: a matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610aromatic ether
molindone hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620indoles
pi103
PI103: pyridofuropyrimidine antineoplastic; a potent inhibitor of class I phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K); structure in first soruce		2.0810aromatic amine;
morpholines;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
mTOR inhibitor
sb 210313
[no description available]		2.0810
gw 4064
[no description available]		2.0810stilbenoid
ginsenoside rb1
[no description available]		2.610ginsenoside;
glycoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory drug;
anti-obesity agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
gentamicin sulfate
[no description available]		3.1550
sa 4503
[no description available]		2.0810
ic 87114
IC 87114: structure in first source		2.08106-aminopurines;
biaryl;
quinazolines		EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
bn 52020
[no description available]		2.4520
zibotentan
ZD4054: a potent endothelin receptor A antagonist that inhibits ovarian carcinoma cell proliferation		2.0810phenylpyridine
tivozanib
N-(2-chloro-4-((6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinolyl)oxy)phenyl)-N'-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)urea: KNR-951 is the HCl, monohydrate salt; an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source		3.6620aromatic ether
hki 272
[no description available]		2.4920nitrile;
quinolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
adh-1 pepide
ADH-1 pepide: a cyclic pentapeptide and N-cadherin antagonist targeting cancer vascularization		3.3310
tofacitinib
tofacitinib : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by an N-methyl,N-(1-cyanoacetyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)amino moiety. Used as its citrate salt to treat moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis.		2.4920N-acylpiperidine;
nitrile;
pyrrolopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound		antirheumatic drug;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
bibr 1532
[no description available]		2.0810
n-(6-chloro-7-methoxy-9h-beta-carbolin-8-yl)-2-methylnicotinamide
[no description available]		2.0810
rucaparib
AG14447: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.5820azepinoindole;
caprolactams;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
cediranib
[no description available]		2.0810aromatic ether
gw0742
GW 610742: structure in first source		2.4920monocarboxylic acid
6h-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine-6-acetamide, 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-n-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-, (6s)-
[no description available]		2.610organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound
ps1145
PS1145: IkappaB kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0810beta-carbolines
cetilistat
cetilistat: lipase inhibitor in randomized, placebo-controlled study of weight reduction in obese patients (3/2007)		2.610benzoxazine
bay 41-8543
BAY 41-8543: structure in first source		2.0810pyrazolopyridine
chir 99021
Chir 99021: structure in first source. CHIR 99021 : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 2-aminopyrimidine substituted at positions N2, 5 and 6 by (5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)ethyl, 4-methylimidazol-2-yl and 2,4-dichlorophenyl groups respectively.		2.0810aminopyridine;
aminopyrimidine;
cyanopyridine;
diamine;
dichlorobenzene;
imidazoles;
secondary amino compound		EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor
ym 201636
6-amino-N-(3-(4-(4-morpholinyl)pyrido(3',2'-4,5)furo(3,2-d)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide: an antiviral agent; structure in first source		2.610aromatic amide
sb 525334
6-(2-tert-butyl-5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)quinoxaline: a TGF-betaR kinase inhibitor		2.0810quinoxaline derivative
way-362450
[no description available]		2.0810indoles
masitinib
[no description available]		2.08101,3-thiazoles;
benzamides;
N-alkylpiperazine;
pyridines		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bx795
BX795: structure in first source		2.0810ureas
linagliptin
Linagliptin: A purine and quinazoline derivative that functions as an INCRETIN and DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBTOR. It is used as a HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT in the treatment of TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS.. linagliptin : A xanthine that is 7H-xanthine bearing (4-methylquinazolin-2-yl)methyl, methyl, but-2-yn-1-yl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 7 and 8 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used for treatment of type II diabetes.		6.1193aminopiperidine;
quinazolines		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
pazopanib
pazopanib: a protein kinase inhibitor. pazopanib : A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.		3.8930aminopyrimidine;
indazoles;
sulfonamide		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
sepantronium
sepantronium: a survivin suppressant with antineoplastic activity. sepantronium : An organic cation that is 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-methyl-1H-naphtho[2,3-d]imidazole-4,9-dione in which the nitrogen at position 3 of the napthoimidazole moiety has been alkylated by a pyrazin-2-ylmethyl group.		2.0810organic cation
azd 6244
AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor		2.8130benzimidazoles;
bromobenzenes;
hydroxamic acid ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
odanacatib
odanacatib: a selective inhibitor of cathepsin K for the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis; structure in first source		2.610
prasugrel hydrochloride
Prasugrel Hydrochloride: A piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS.. prasugrel hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel hydrochloride. Used to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.		3.2310
1-(2-(1-adamantyl)ethyl)-1-pentyl-3-(3-(4-pyridyl)propyl)urea
1-(2-(1-adamantyl)ethyl)-1-pentyl-3-(3-(4-pyridyl)propyl)urea: structure in first source		2.0810
apilimod
[no description available]		2.610
apixaban
[no description available]		2.8220aromatic ether;
lactam;
piperidones;
pyrazolopyridine		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
N-(3-cyanophenyl)-2'-methyl-5'-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)biphenyl-4-carboxamide
N-(3-cyanophenyl)-2'-methyl-5'-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)biphenyl-4-carboxamide : A member of the class of biphenyls that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2'-methyl-5'-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 3-cyanoaniline.		2.08101,3,4-oxadiazoles;
benzamides;
biphenyls;
nitrile		EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
artenimol
artenimol: derivative of antimalarial drug artemisinin (quinghaosu)		2.0510
ar c155858
AR C155858: an MCT1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0810
betrixaban
betrixaban: a highly potent, selective, and orally efficacious factor Xa inhibitor; structure in first source. betrixaban : A secondary carboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(N,N-dimethylcarbamimidoyl)benzoic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-methoxybenzamide. A synthetic anticoagulant compound that targets activated factor Xa in the coagulation cascade.		2.610benzamides;
guanidines;
monochloropyridine;
monomethoxybenzene;
secondary carboxamide		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
edoxaban
edoxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is used (as its tosylate monohydrate) for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.		2.610chloropyridine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound;
thiazolopyridine		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
aee 788
AEE 788: structure in first source		2.08106-{4-[(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}-N-(1-phenylethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amineangiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist;
trypanocidal drug
saracatinib
[no description available]		2.5820aromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
diether;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
oxanes;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
radiosensitizing agent
alpha-synuclein
alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.		2.5220
sd-208
[no description available]		2.0810
ko 143
[no description available]		3.6520beta-carbolines;
tert-butyl ester
n-(3-amino-1-(cyclobutylmethyl)-2,3-dioxopropyl)-3-(2-((((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)carbonyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexan-2-carboxamide
boceprevir : A synthetic tripeptide consisting of N-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-3-methyl-L-valyl, a cyclopropyl-fused prolyl and 3-amino-4-cyclobutyl-2-oxobutanamide residues joined in sequence. Used for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection.		2.610tripeptide;
ureas		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
peptidomimetic
vx 702
VX 702: a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor		2.0810phenylpyridine
2-furoyl-ligrlo-amide
2-furoyl-LIGRLO-amide: a potent and selective proteinase-activated receptor 2 agonist		2.110
ly 411575
[no description available]		2.610dibenzoazepine;
difluorobenzene;
lactam;
secondary alcohol		EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor
galidesivir
[no description available]		2.610
volasertib
BI 6727: a polo-like kinase inhibitor with broad antitumor activity; structure in first source		2.0810
glaucocalyxin a
glaucocalyxin A: chemical constituent of Rabdosia japonica var. glaucocalyx		2.2510
PB28
PB28 : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin that is substituted by 3-(4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 5, respectively. It is a sigma 2 (sigma2) receptor agonist (Ki = 0.68 nM) and exhibits antineoplastic and anti SARS-CoV-2 activities.		2.5820aromatic ether;
piperazines;
tetralins		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
sigma-2 receptor agonist
amg 009
AMG 009: an anti-inflammatory agent; structure in first source		2.0810
oxadiazoles
Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.		7.4471
vinflunine
vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group.		2.0510acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent
cefotaxime sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
baci-im
[no description available]		4.0840homodetic cyclic peptide;
polypeptide;
zwitterion		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent
cambogin
isogarcinol: has immunosuppresant activity; isolated from Garcinia mangostana; structure in first source		2.1110
azd 7762
[no description available]		2.0810aromatic amide;
thiophenes
krp-203
[no description available]		2.0810
mk 0354
[no description available]		2.0810
regorafenib
[no description available]		3.9330(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
acetic acid 2-[4-methyl-8-(4-morpholinylsulfonyl)-1,3-dioxo-2-pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinolinyl]ethyl ester
[no description available]		2.0810pyrroloquinoline
6-[[5-fluoro-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyanilino)-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]-2,2-dimethyl-4H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3-one
[no description available]		2.0810methoxybenzenes;
substituted aniline
ptc 124
[no description available]		2.2110oxadiazole;
ring assembly
degrasyn
degrasyn: a JAK2 kinase inhibitor that induces rapid degradation of c-Myc protein in MM-1 multiple myeloma and other tumor cell lines; structure in first source		2.610
epoxomicin
[no description available]		2.610morpholines;
tripeptide		proteasome inhibitor
brivanib
[no description available]		2.0810aromatic ether;
diether;
fluoroindole;
pyrrolotriazine;
secondary alcohol		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist
icg 001
[no description available]		2.0810peptide
bms 477118
[no description available]		3.7320adamantanes;
azabicycloalkane;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile;
tertiary alcohol		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
pha 680632
PHA 680632: Aurora kinase inhibitor with potent antitumoral activity; structure in first source		2.610
tmc 353121
[no description available]		2.610
amd 070
mavorixafor: a derivative of AMD3100; a CXCR4 blocker		2.610aminoquinoline
mp470
[no description available]		2.0810N-arylpiperazine
danoprevir
[no description available]		2.610
nystatin a1
Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.		3.620nystatins
bay 63-2521
riociguat: guanylate cyclase stimulator; structure in first source. riociguat : A carbamate ester that is the methyl ester of {4,6-diamino-2-[1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl]pyrimidin-5-yl}methylcarbamic acid. It is used for treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension		2.0710aminopyrimidine;
carbamate ester;
organofluorine compound;
pyrazolopyridine		antihypertensive agent;
soluble guanylate cyclase activator
bms-626529
[no description available]		2.610
bms-663068
fostemsavir: an HIV-1 attachment inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
nu 7441
8-dibenzothiophen-4-yl-2-morpholin-4-yl-chromen-4-one: structure in first source		2.0810dibenzothiophenes
at 7519
4-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide : A member of the class of pryrazoles that is 4-amino-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid in which the primary amino group has been acylated by a 2,6-dichlorobenzoyl group and in which the carboxylic acid has been converted into a carboxamide by formal condensation with the primary amino group of 4-aminopiperidine.		2.0810dichlorobenzene;
piperidines;
pyrazoles;
secondary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
bi 2536
[no description available]		2.0810
tesofensine
Tesofensine: an appetite suppressant		2.0810
amenamevir
ASP2151: a herpesvirus helicase-primase inhibitor, in a guinea pig model of genital herpes; structure in first source		2.610
vx 765
belnacasan: a NSAID		2.610dipeptide
Dihydrotanshinone I
dihydrotanshinone I: extracted from Radix Salviae		2.610abietane diterpenoidanticoronaviral agent
nutlin-3a
nutlin 3: an MDM2 antagonist; structure in first source		2.110stilbenoid
danusertib
[no description available]		2.0810piperazines
alogliptin
alogliptin: structure in first source. alogliptin : A piperidine that is 3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine carrying additional 2-cyanobenzyl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used in the form of its benzoate salt for treatment of type 2 diabetes.		2.610nitrile;
piperidines;
primary amino compound;
pyrimidines		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
N-[4-(2-tert-butylphenyl)sulfonylphenyl]-2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-[(2-propan-2-ylphenyl)methyl]benzamide
[no description available]		2.0810benzamides
N-[5-[[5-[(4-acetyl-1-piperazinyl)-oxomethyl]-4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]-4-[(3,3-dimethylbutan-2-ylamino)methyl]benzamide
[no description available]		2.0810benzamides
cp 154526
CP 154526: structure in first source		2.2110
abt 869
[no description available]		2.4720aromatic amine;
indazoles;
phenylureas		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
fr 180204
FR 180204: structure in first source		2.610pyrazoles;
ring assembly
dorsomorphin
dorsomorphin: an AMPK inhibitor. dorsomorphin : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by pyridin-4-yl and p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl groups, respectively. It is a potent, selective, reversible, and ATP-competitive inhibitor of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase, EC 2.7.11.31) and a selective inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling.		2.0810aromatic ether;
piperidines;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
pyridines		bone morphogenetic protein receptor antagonist;
EC 2.7.11.31 {[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase} inhibitor
ac 261066
[no description available]		2.0810
2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylbenzyl (z)-(1rs)-cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylbenzyl (Z)-(1RS)-cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate: used as an insecticide agent. (Z)-(1S)-cis-tefluthrin : A 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylbenzyl 3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate in which both of the stereocentres have S configuration.		2.17102,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylbenzyl 3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
quisinostat
[no description available]		2.610indoles
carfilzomib
[no description available]		2.5820epoxide;
morpholines;
tetrapeptide		antineoplastic agent;
proteasome inhibitor
hcv 796
HCV 796: inhibits HCV RdRp; structure in first source		2.610
cytidine diphosphate choline
[no description available]		2.4620nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s;
phosphocholines		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sitagliptin phosphate
Sitagliptin Phosphate: A pyrazine-derived DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that increases the levels of the INCRETIN hormones GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.		2.4620
gw9508
GW9508: structure in first source		2.0810aromatic amine
jnj 26854165
[no description available]		2.0810
resminostat
resminostat: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
pf 573228
6-(4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)benzylamino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one: structure in first source		2.0810quinolines
gw 2580
5-(3-methoxy-4-((4-methoxybenzyl)oxy)benzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine: a cFMS kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0810
milnacipran
[no description available]		3.2310acetamides
idelalisib
idelalisib: an antineoplastic agent and p110delta inhibitor; structure in first source. idelalisib : A member of the class of quinazolines that is 5-fluoro-3-phenylquinazolin-4-one in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a (1S)-1-(3H-purin-6-ylamino)propyl group. used for for the treatment of refractory indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia.		2.0810aromatic amine;
organofluorine compound;
purines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
crizotinib
Crizotinib: A piperidine and aminopyridine derivative that acts as an inhibitor of RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES, including ANAPLASTIC LYMPHOMA KINASE (ALK) and HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (HGFR; c-Met). It is used in the treatment of NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. crizotinib : A 3-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-5-[1-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-amine that has R configuration at the chiral centre. The active enantiomer, it acts as a kinase inhibitor and is used for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)		2.57203-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-5-[1-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-amineantineoplastic agent;
biomarker;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
5-(5,6-dimethoxy-1-benzimidazolyl)-3-[(2-methylsulfonylphenyl)methoxy]-2-thiophenecarbonitrile
[no description available]		2.0810benzimidazoles
4-[2-(2-chloro-4-fluoroanilino)-5-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl]-N-[(1S)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide
Vx-11e: ERK1-2 inhibitor		2.0810aromatic amide;
heteroarene
osi 906
[no description available]		2.0810cyclobutanes;
quinolines
vindesine
[no description available]		2.0410
ly2109761
[no description available]		2.0810
cefdinir
Cefdinir: A third-generation oral cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used to treat bacterial infections of the respiratory tract and skin.. cefdinir : A cephalosporin compound having 7beta-2-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(Z)-hydroxyimino]-acetylamino- and 3-vinyl side groups.		210
chir-265
[no description available]		2.0810aromatic ether
motesanib
[no description available]		2.0810pyridinecarboxamide
fostamatinib
fostamatinib: a spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitor, metabolized to R406		3.5110
az-628
AZ-628: a multikinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0810benzamides
zk 756326
2-(2-(4-(3-phenoxybenzyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)ethanol: a CC chemokine receptor CCR8 agonist; structure in first source		2.610aromatic ether
balapiravir
balapiravir: a prodrug of R1479; structure in first source		2.610
trametinib
[no description available]		2.5820acetamides;
aromatic amine;
cyclopropanes;
organofluorine compound;
organoiodine compound;
pyridopyrimidine;
ring assembly		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
pf-562,271
[no description available]		2.0810indoles
deoxyarbutin
4-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)phenol: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source		2.610
abexinostat
abexinostat: structure in first source		2.610benzofurans
losartan potassium
Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.		5.2331
silvestrol
silvestrol: isolated from the fruit and twig of Aglaia silvestris. silvestrol : An organic heterotricyclic compound that consists of a 2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan framework substituted by hydroxy groups at positions C-1 and C-8b, a methoxycarbonyl group at C-2, a phenyl group at C-3, a 4-methoxyphenyl group at C-3a, a methoxy group at C-8 and a 1,4-dioxan-2-yloxy group at position C-6 which in turn is substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and a 1,2-dihydroxyethyl group at position 6. Isolated from Aglaia silvestris, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.		2.610dioxanes;
ether;
methyl ester;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
narlaprevir
narlaprevir: an antiviral agent that inhibits hepatitis C virus NS3 protease. narlaprevir : An azabicyclohexane that is (1R,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane substituted by [(3S)-1-(cyclopropylamino)-1,2-dioxoheptan-3-yl]aminoacyl and N-({1-[(tert-butylsulfonyl)methyl]cyclohexyl}carbamoyl)-3-methyl-L-valyl groups at positions 2S and 3, respectively. It is a hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A serine protease inhibitor (Ki = 6 nM) that is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.		2.610azabicyclohexane;
cyclopropanes;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
secondary carboxamide;
sulfone;
tertiary carboxamide;
ureas		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor
empagliflozin
[no description available]		5.7253aromatic ether;
C-glycosyl compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
tetrahydrofuryl ether		hypoglycemic agent;
sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
teneligliptin
[no description available]		2.610amino acid amide
dextrothyroxine
[no description available]		2.610
veliparib
[no description available]		2.5820benzimidazolesEC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
ku-0060648
[no description available]		2.0810dibenzothiophenes
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		4.4160
dactolisib
dactolisib: antineoplastic agent that inhibits both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mTOR. dactolisib : An imidazoquinoline that is 3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline substituted at position 1 by a 4-(1-cyanoisopropyl)phenyl group and at position 8 by a quinolin-3-yl group. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor used in cancer treatment.		2.4920imidazoquinoline;
nitrile;
quinolines;
ring assembly;
ureas		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
mTOR inhibitor
palomid 529
[no description available]		2.0810
pf 03491390
[no description available]		2.5420
gedunin
[no description available]		2.0710acetate ester;
enone;
epoxide;
furans;
lactone;
limonoid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
plant metabolite
arhalofenate
arhalofenate: a PPAR-gamma modulator		3.2110
alloin
[no description available]		2.610anthracenes;
C-glycosyl compound;
cyclic ketone;
phenols		laxative;
metabolite
atropine sulfate
[no description available]		2.0510
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		2.0510
rabeprazole sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
icatibant
icatibant: a potent bradykinin (B2) receptor antagonist; WIN 65365 is an L-Tic(7) stereoisomer. icatibant : A ten-membered synthetic oligopeptide consisting of D-Arg, Arg, Pro, Hyp, Gly, Thi, Ser, D-Tic, Oic, and Arg residues joined in sequrence. A bradykinin receptor antagonist used as its acetate salt for the treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema in adult patients.		210
tosedostat
[no description available]		2.0810carboxylic ester;
hydroxamic acid;
secondary carboxamide
nad
NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.		2.0710organophosphate oxoanioncofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mdv 3100
[no description available]		2.5820(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
benzamides;
imidazolidinone;
monofluorobenzenes;
nitrile;
thiocarbonyl compound		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
ku 60019
[no description available]		2.0810
gsk 461364
GSK 461364: an antineoplastic agent that inhibits polo-like kinase 1		2.0810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
n-(3,4-difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)cyclopropane-1-sulfonamide
N-(3,4-difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)cyclopropane-1-sulfonamide: a MEK inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0810
nvp-tae684
[no description available]		2.0810piperidines
4-(4-(3-adamantan-1-ylureido)cyclohexyloxy)benzoic acid
[no description available]		3.3110
amodiaquine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4720
clindamycin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620S-glycosyl compound
bms-650032
asunaprevir: an NS3 protease inhibitor against hepatitis C virus		2.610oligopeptide
4-methyl-3-(2-(2-morpholinoethylamino)quinazolin-6-yl)-n-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)benzamide
4-methyl-3-(2-(2-morpholinoethylamino)quinazolin-6-yl)-N-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)benzamide: structure in first source		2.0810
bisaramil
[no description available]		2.0410
gsk 269962a
[no description available]		2.0810
rg 7128
2'-fluoro-2'-methyl-3',5'-diisobutyryldeoxycytidine: inhibits HCV polymerase; structure in first source		2.610
bivalirudin
bivalirudin: designed to bind to the alpha-thrombin catalytic site and anion-binding exosite for fibrin(ogen) recognition. bivalirudin : A synthetic peptide of 20 amino acids, comprising D-Phe, Pro, Arg, Pro, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Asn, Gly, Asp, Phe, Glu, Glu, Ile, Pro, Glu, Glu, Tyr, and Leu in sequence. A congener of hirudin (a naturally occurring drug found in the saliva of the medicinal leech), it a specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, and is used as an anticoagulant.		3.6120polypeptideanticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
somatostatin
[no description available]		2.0810heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone
atrial natriuretic factor
Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.		4.761polypeptide
teicoplanin
teicoplanin A2-1 : A teicoplanin A2 that has (4Z)-dec-4-enoyl as the variable N-acyl group.		2.4520
tannins
gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).		2.0510tannin
enfuvirtide
Enfuvirtide: A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide that corresponds to the heptad repeat sequence of HIV-1 gp41. It blocks HIV cell fusion and viral entry and is used with other anti-retrovirals for combination therapy of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. enfuvirtide : A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide consisting of N-acetyltyrosyl, threonyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, histidyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, seryl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, glutaminyl, glutaminyl, alpha-glutamyl, lysyl, asparaginyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, leucyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, alpha-aspartyl, lysyl, tryptophyl, alanyl, seryl, leucyl, tryptophyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, and phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. An HIV fusion inhibitor, it was the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It interferes with entry of HIV into cells by binding to the gp41 sub-unit of the viral envelope glycoprotein, so inhibiting fusion of viral and cellular membranes.		3.2310
ganirelix
[no description available]		3.2310polypeptide
alamethicin
Alamethicin: A cyclic nonadecapeptide antibiotic that can act as an ionophore and is produced by strains of Trichoderma viride. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		2.0610
glucagon
Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.		2.1510peptide hormone
beta-endorphin
beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).		2.3110
sauvagine
sauvagine: isolated from skin of South American hylid frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagei; has hypotensive & antidiuretic effect; potent stimulating action on secretion of ACTH & corticosterone; inhibitory effect on secretion of PRL, GH, & TSH; consists of straight chain of 40 amino acid residues		2.2110
neuropeptide y
Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.		3.4311
teriparatide
[no description available]		3.2310polypeptide
angiotensinogen
Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver in response to lowered blood pressure and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of the ANGIOTENSINS produced in the body by successive enzyme cleavages. Cleavage of angiotensinogen by RENIN yields the decapeptide ANGIOTENSIN I. Further cleavage of angiotensin I (by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME) yields the potent vasoconstrictor octapeptide ANGIOTENSIN II; and then, via other enzymes, other angiotensins also involved in the hemodynamic-regulating RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM.		2.4320
astressin
astressin : A 30-membered homodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence D-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Arg-Glu-Val-Leu-Glu-Nle-Ala-Arg-Ala-Glu-Gln-Leu-Ala-Gln-Glu-Ala-His-Lys-Asn-Arg-Lys-Leu-Nle-Glu-Ile-Ile-NH2 cyclised by an amide bridge, formed by condensation of the side-chain carboxy group of the Glu residue at position 19 and the side-chain amino group of the Lys residue at position 22.		2.3110homodetic cyclic peptide;
polypeptide		corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist;
neuroprotective agent
salmon calcitonin
[no description available]		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone;
polypeptide		bone density conservation agent;
metabolite
ly-146032
[no description available]		4.0840heterodetic cyclic peptide;
lipopeptide antibiotic;
lipopeptide;
macrocycle;
macrolide		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
calcium-dependent antibiotics
dalbavancin
[no description available]		2.0410carbohydrate acid derivative;
glycopeptide;
monosaccharide derivative;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
glucagon-like peptide 1
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.		2.1510
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ilys-prolyl-alaninamide
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ILys-prolyl-alaninamide: FE-200486 is the acetate salt		3.2310polypeptide
oritavancin
oritavancin : A semisynthetic glycopeptide used (as its bisphosphate salt) for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused or suspected to be caused by susceptible isolates of designated Gram-positive microorganisms including MRSA.		2.610disaccharide derivative;
glycopeptide;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
c-peptide
C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.		3.4111
exenatide
[no description available]		3.2310
warfarin sodium
warfarin sodium : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin sodium. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.		2.0810
quinine sulfate
[no description available]		2.7530hydrate
endothelin-1
Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)		5.8783
a-83-01
A-83-01: an ALK-5 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0810
3-[(1-methyl-3-indolyl)methylidene]-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridin-2-one
[no description available]		2.0810indoles
vx-770
ivacaftor: a CFTR potentiator; structure in first source. ivacaftor : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-amino-2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. Used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.		2.0810aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
phenols;
quinolone		CFTR potentiator;
orphan drug
buparlisib
NVP-BKM120: a pan class I PI3 kinase inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source		2.0810aminopyridine;
aminopyrimidine;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
azd 1480
[no description available]		2.0810
chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.		2.4920chlorophyll;
methyl ester		cofactor
lumacaftor
lumacaftor: a corrector of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CTFR); structure in first source. lumacaftor : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid with the aromatic amino group of 3-(6-amino-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzoic acid. Used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.		2.3110aromatic amide;
benzodioxoles;
benzoic acids;
cyclopropanes;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines		CFTR potentiator;
orphan drug
pevonedistat
pevonedistat: a potent and selective inhibitor of NAE (NEDD8-activating enzyme). pevonedistat : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is substituted by a (1S)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylnitrilo group at position 4 and by a (1S,3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-[(sulfamoyloxy)methyl]cyclopentyl group at position 7. It is a potent and selective NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.7 nM, and currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes.		2.610cyclopentanols;
indanes;
pyrrolopyrimidine;
secondary amino compound;
sulfamidate		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
fedratinib
fedratinib: a selective small-molecule inhibitor of JAK2		2.0810sulfonamide
gsk690693
[no description available]		2.08101,2,5-oxadiazole;
acetylenic compound;
aromatic amine;
aromatic ether;
imidazopyridine;
piperidines;
primary amino compound;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
cnf 2024
[no description available]		2.08102-aminopurines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
pyridines		antineoplastic agent;
Hsp90 inhibitor
ku 0063794
Ku 0063794: an mTOR inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0810benzyl alcohols;
monomethoxybenzene;
morpholines;
pyridopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
mTOR inhibitor
uk 453,061
UK 453,061: a reverse transcriptase inhibitor/anti-HIV agent; structure in first source		2.610aromatic ether
azd 7545
AZD 7545: an anilide tertiary carbinol; a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 inhibitor. AZD7545 : A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]sulfonyl, chloro and [(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]amino groups at positions 1, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a potent and non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDHK2) with IC50 of 6.4 nM and exhibits glucose-lowering activity. Also inhibits PDHK1 at higher levels (IC50 = 36.8 nM).		2.0810benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
secondary carboxamide;
sulfone;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary carboxamide		EC 2.7.11.2 - [pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
nutlin-3b
[no description available]		2.0810Nutlin;
piperazinone		anticoronaviral agent
pravastatin sodium
pravastatin sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of pravastatin. A reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), it is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		2.0810organic sodium salt;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug
alendronate sodium
[no description available]		2.0810
sphingosine kinase
[no description available]		7.2110
valproate sodium
Epilim: oral sodium valproate used as antidepressive agent. sodium valproate : The sodium salt of valproic acid.. valproate : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of valproic acid.		2.0510organic sodium saltgeroprotector
N-(2-aminophenyl)-2-pyrazinecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.610aromatic amide
pf 04217903
[no description available]		2.0810quinolines
gdc 0941
pictrelisib : A sulfonamide composed of indazole, morpholine, and methylsulfonyl-substituted piperazine rings bound to a thienopyrimidine ring.		2.0810indazoles;
morpholines;
piperazines;
sulfonamide;
thienopyrimidine		EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
sm 164
SM 164: a bivalent Smac mimetic with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source		2.0810benzenes;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
radiosensitizing agent
amorfrutin a
amorfrutin A: an antidiabetic agent that inhibits NF-kappaB activation; structure in first source		3.2110stilbenoid
sl 80.0750
[no description available]		2.0810
cefotiam hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
chitosan
[no description available]		3.1240
ph 797804
PH 797804: an NSAID; structure in first source. PH 797804 : A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-{3-bromo-4-[(2,4-difluorobenzyl)oxy]-6-methyl-2-oxopyridin-1-yl}-4-methylbenzoic acid with the amino group of methylamine.		2.0810aromatic ether;
benzamides;
organobromine compound;
organofluorine compound;
pyridone		anti-inflammatory agent;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
pha 408
PHA 408: an IKK-2 antagonist; structure in first source		2.0810
gsk 1016790a
GSK1016790A : A tertiary carboxamide that is piperazine in which one of the amino groups has undergone condensation with the carboxy group of N-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-L-serine, while the other has undergone condensation with the carboxy group of N-(1-benzothiophen-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-leucine. It is a cell-permeable, potent and selective agonist of the TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 4) channel.		2.08101-benzothiophenes;
aromatic primary alcohol;
dichlorobenzene;
N-acylpiperazine;
sulfonamide;
tertiary carboxamide		TRPV4 agonist
tegobuvir
tegobuvir: a non-structural protein 5B polymerase inhibitor		2.610
pf-429242
PF-429242: a subtilisin kexin isozyme-1/site-1 protease inhibitor		2.610
mesna
Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.		4.0940organosulfonic acid
potassium aminobenzoate
[no description available]		2.4620
ampicillin sodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic sodium salt
cerivastatin sodium
cerivastatin sodium : The sodium salt of cerivastatin. Formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.		2.0510organic sodium salt;
statin (synthetic)
clavulanate potassium
potassium clavulanate : A potassium salt having clavulanate as the counterion. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes and has only weak anitbiotic activity when administered alone. However it can be used in combination with amoxicillin trihydrate (under the trade name Augmentin) for treatment of a variety of bacterial infections, where it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamases.		2.0810potassium saltantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
taurocholic acid, monosodium salt
[no description available]		3.1510bile salt
sodium lactate
Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.		3.2310lactate salt;
organic sodium salt		food acidity regulator;
food preservative
piperacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
monensin
[no description available]		2.4720
sodium iothalamate
[no description available]		3.5920
methicillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
nafcillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
oxacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4720organic sodium salt
3h-imidazo(4,5-b)pyridine, 2-butyl-3-((2'-(1h-tetrazol-5-yl)(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)methyl)-, sodium salt
2-butyl-3-((2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)methyl)-3H-imidazo(4,5-b)pyridine: an angiotensin II-receptor antagonist; structure in first source		3.0810
penicillin g sodium
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
cefamandole nafate
cefamandole sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of cefamandole.		2.4620organic sodium saltantibacterial drug
sodium diatrizoate
histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		2.0510organic sodium salt;
organoiodine compound		radioopaque medium
cephapirin sodium
cephapirin sodium : The sodium salt of cephapirin. A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, it is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Being more resistant to beta-lactamases than penicillins, it is effective agains most staphylococci, though not methicillin-resistant staphylococci.		2.4620cephalosporin;
organic sodium salt		antibacterial drug
sodium cephalothin
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
cefazolin sodium
cefazolin sodium : A cephalosporin organic sodium salt having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups.		2.0810organic sodium salt
dicloxacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4620hydrate
azlocillin sodium
[no description available]		2.7630organic sodium salt
salinomycin
[no description available]		2.0710
olaparib
[no description available]		2.5820cyclopropanes;
monofluorobenzenes;
N-acylpiperazine;
phthalazines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
srt1720
[no description available]		2.0810
plx 4720
PLX 4720: a B-Raf(V600E) kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0810aromatic ketone;
difluorobenzene;
organochlorine compound;
pyrrolopyridine;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
B-Raf inhibitor
cx 4945
[no description available]		2.5820
pci 34051
PCI 34051: an HDAC8 inhibitor		2.610indolecarboxamide
cudc 101
7-(4-(3-ethynylphenylamino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yloxy)-N-hydroxyheptanamide: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0810
mln 8237
MLN 8237: an aurora kinase A inhibitor		2.0810benzazepine
lde225
sonidegib: specific Smoothened/Smo antagonist. sonidegib : A member of the classo of biphenyls that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-methyl-4'-(trifluoromethoxy)[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 6-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)pyridin-3-amine. Used (as its phosphate salt) for treatment of locally advanced basal cell carcinoma.		2.0810aminopyridine;
aromatic ether;
benzamides;
biphenyls;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor;
SMO receptor antagonist
gdc 0449
HhAntag691: inhibits the hedgehog pathway and ABC transporters; has antineoplastic activity		3.6620benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
sulfone		antineoplastic agent;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor;
SMO receptor antagonist;
teratogenic agent
sgx 523
[no description available]		2.0810aryl sulfide;
biaryl;
pyrazoles;
quinolines;
triazolopyridazine		c-Met tyrosine kinase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent
preminent
[no description available]		3.4811
bms 777607
N-(4-(2-amino-3-chloropyridin-4-yloxy)-3-fluorophenyl)-4-ethoxy-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide: a Met kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0810aromatic amide
sgi 1776
SGI 1776: a Pim kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0810imidazoles
lomibuvir
lomibuvir: an antiviral agent with polymerase NS5 inhibitory activity		2.610thiophenecarboxylic acid
delanzomib
[no description available]		2.610C-terminal boronic acid peptide;
phenylpyridine;
secondary alcohol;
threonine derivative		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
proteasome inhibitor
canagliflozin
canagliflozin hydrate : A hydrate that is the hemihydrate form of canagliflozin. Used for treatment of type II diabetes via inhibition of sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2.		7.3110C-glycosyl compound;
organofluorine compound;
thiophenes		hypoglycemic agent;
sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
pci 32765
ibrutinib: a Btk protein inhibitor. ibrutinib : A member of the class of acrylamides that is (3R)-3-[4-amino-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]piperidine in which the piperidine nitrogen is replaced by an acryloyl group. A selective and covalent inhibitor of the enzyme Bruton's tyrosine kinase, it is used for treatment of B-cell malignancies.		2.5420acrylamides;
aromatic amine;
aromatic ether;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
tertiary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
ponatinib
[no description available]		3.6620(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
acetylenic compound;
benzamides;
imidazopyridazine;
N-methylpiperazine		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
pitavastatin(1-)
pitavastatin(1-) : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of pitavastatin, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.		2.610hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion
amg 900
N-(4-((3-(2-amino-4-pyrimidinyl)-2-pyridinyl)oxy)phenyl)-4-(4-methyl-2-thienyl)-1-phthalazinamine: a pan-aurora kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0810
mk-1775
adavosertib: a Wee1 kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0810piperazines
bag956
BAG956: an imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline; dual PI3K/PDK-1 inhibitor, used in antileukemic therapies		2.0810
quizartinib
[no description available]		2.0810benzoimidazothiazole;
isoxazoles;
morpholines;
phenylureas		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
necroptosis inhibitor
GRL-0617
GRL-0617 : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-amino-2-methylbenzoic acid with the amino group of (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethan-1-amine. It is a potent noncovalent inhibitor (IC50 = 600 nM) of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus papain-like protease (SARS-CoV PLpro).		2.610benzamides;
naphthalenes;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		anticoronaviral agent;
protease inhibitor
N-[4-[3-[[[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]amino]-oxomethyl]-5-isoxazolyl]phenyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
CAY10603: a HDAC6 inhibitor		2.5820carbamate ester
niraparib
niraparib: structure in first source. niraparib : A 2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide that has S-configuration. It is a potent inhibitor of PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 3.8 and 2.1 nM, respectively) and approved as a first-line maintenance treatment for women with advanced ovarian cancer after responding to platinum-based chemotherapy.		2.6102-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamideantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
radiosensitizing agent
tak 733
[no description available]		2.0810
mk 2206
MK 2206: a protein kinase inhibitor and antineoplastic agent		2.0810organic heterotricyclic compoundEC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
navitoclax
[no description available]		2.0810aryl sulfide;
monochlorobenzenes;
morpholines;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
organofluorine compound;
piperazines;
secondary amino compound;
sulfone;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
sns 314
SNS 314: an aurora kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0810ureas
jzl 184
JZL 184: inhibits monoacylglycerol lipase; structure in first source		2.5820benzodioxoles
gsk 650394
[no description available]		2.610phenylpyridine
n-(cyanomethyl)-4-(2-((4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl)amino)-4-pyrimidinyl)benzamide
N-(cyanomethyl)-4-(2-((4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl)amino)-4-pyrimidinyl)benzamide: a Janus kinase 1 and Janus kinase 2 inhibitor; structure in first source. momelotinib : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-{2-[4-(morpholin-4-yl)anilino]pyrimidin-4-yl}benzoic acid with the primary amino group of aminoacetonitrile. It is an ATP-competitive JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor with IC50 of 11 nM and 18 nM, respectively. Used for the treatment of patients with intermediate- or high-risk myelofibrosis.		2.0810aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
morpholines;
nitrile;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-anaemic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
cardiovascular agents
Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.		7.4171
dcc-2036
rebastinib: an inhibitor of Tie2 tyrosine kinase receptor and antineoplastic agent		2.0810organofluorine compound;
phenylureas;
pyrazoles;
pyridinecarboxamide;
quinolines		tyrosine kinase inhibitor
oprozomib
ONX 0912: antineoplastic; an orally active proteasome inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
cetrorelix
cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.		3.5820oligopeptideantineoplastic agent;
GnRH antagonist
neurotensin
neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91		7.1110peptide hormonehuman metabolite;
mitogen;
neurotransmitter;
vulnerary
az 960
[no description available]		2.610
cabozantinib
cabozantinib: a multikinase inhibitor. cabozantinib : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that is N-phenyl-N'-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the phenyl ring is substituted by a (6,7-dimethoxyquinolin-4-yl)oxy group. A multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, used (as its malate salt) for the treatment of progressive, metastatic, medullary thyroid cancer.		2.0810aromatic ether;
dicarboxylic acid diamide;
organofluorine compound;
quinolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
golgicide a
golgicide A: inhibits the cis-golgi ArfGEF GBF1; structure in first source. golgicide A : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising racemic cis- and racemic trans-goglioside A in a 10:1 ratio. It is a potent and rapidly reversible GBF1 (Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1) inhibitor. The (3aS,4R,9bR) isomer is the most active (see Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2012, 22, 5177-5181).		2.610diastereoisomeric mixturecis-Golgi ArfGEF GBF inhibitor
N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5-[3-[2-[5-ethyl-2-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methylsulfonyl-1-piperazinyl)-1-piperidinyl]anilino]-4-pyrimidinyl]-2-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl]-2-methoxybenzamide
[no description available]		2.0810benzamides
incb-018424
[no description available]		2.0810nitrile;
pyrazoles;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
mannans
[no description available]		2.6320
bix 01294
[no description available]		2.0810piperidines
cobicistat
[no description available]		4201,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
ureas		P450 inhibitor
bms-790052
daclatasvir: an HCV NS5A inhibitor. daclatasvir : A member of the class of biphenyls that is a potent inhibitor of nonstructural protein 5A and is used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of hepatitis C.		2.610biphenyls;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
imidazoles;
valine derivative		antiviral drug;
nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
pf 3845
PF 3845: inhibits fatty acid amide hydrolase		2.0810piperidines
gsk 2126458
omipalisib: inhibitor of mTOR protein. omipalisib : A member of the class of quinolines that is quinoline which is substituted by pyridazin-4-yl and 5-[(2,4-difluorobenzene-1-sulfonyl)amino]-6-methoxypyridin-3-yl groups at positions 4 and 6, respectively. It is a highly potent inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR developed by GlaxoSmithKline and was previously in human phase 1 clinical trials for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and solid tumors.		2.0810aromatic ether;
difluorobenzene;
pyridazines;
pyridines;
quinolines;
sulfonamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
mTOR inhibitor;
radiosensitizing agent
ixazomib
ixazomib: a proteasome inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; MLN2238 is the biologically active form of MLN9708; structure in first source. ixazomib : A glycine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)glycine with the amino group of [(1R)-1-amino-3-methylbutyl]boronic acid. The active metabolite of ixazomib citrate, it is used in combination therapy for treatment of multiple myeloma.		2.5820benzamides;
boronic acids;
dichlorobenzene;
glycine derivative		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite;
orphan drug;
proteasome inhibitor
ldn 193189
LDN 193189: inhibits bone morphogenetic protein signaling		2.0810pyrimidines
ucph 101
2-amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-(naphthalen-1-yl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile: structure in first source		2.610
plx4032
[no description available]		2.0810aromatic ketone;
difluorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrrolopyridine;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
B-Raf inhibitor
(2S)-2-[[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yloxy)-9-[(4-phenylphenyl)methyl]-6-purinyl]amino]-3-phenyl-1-propanol
[no description available]		2.0810biphenyls
gsk 1363089
GSK 1363089: a multikinase inhibitor that acts on Met, RON, Axl, and VEGFR; structure in first source		2.0810aromatic ether
kin-193
[no description available]		2.0810pyridopyrimidine
5-(3-methylsulfonylphenyl)-4-[(1-methyl-5-tetrazolyl)thio]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[no description available]		2.610aryl sulfide;
thienopyrimidine
bay 869766
[no description available]		2.0810
baricitinib
[no description available]		10.8243azetidines;
nitrile;
pyrazoles;
pyrrolopyrimidine;
sulfonamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antirheumatic drug;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
4-[6-[4-(methoxycarbonylamino)phenyl]-4-(4-morpholinyl)-1-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid methyl ester
WYE-354: an mTOR inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0810carbamate ester
KOM70144
KOM70144 : A benzamide that is GRL-0617 in which one of the hydrogen's of the primary amino group is replaced by an acetyl group. It an inhibitor of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) with an IC50 of 2.6 muM and 5.0 muM, respectively. It also inhibits SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero E6 cells in vitro (EC50 values are 13.1 and 21 muM, respectively).		2.610acetamides;
benzamides;
naphthalenes;
secondary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
protease inhibitor
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		2.5320
pht 427
4-dodecyl-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source		2.0510
6-[(3-aminophenyl)methyl]-4-methyl-2-methylsulfinyl-5-thieno[3,4]pyrrolo[1,3-d]pyridazinone
ML-265: a small molecule activator of PKM2		2.0810organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound
e-52862
[no description available]		2.610
ly2811376
[no description available]		2.610
anagliptin
anagliptin: anagliptin hydrochloride salt is the active compound		2.610amino acid amide
3-[[4-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylsulfonyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]sulfonyl]aniline
[no description available]		2.0810benzenes;
sulfonamide
cp 466722
[no description available]		2.0810quinazolines
gardiquimod
[no description available]		2.610
CAY10626
[no description available]		2.0810ureas
grazoprevir
grazoprevir: has antiviral activity; component of Zepatier. grazoprevir : An azamacrocyclic compound that is a hepatitis C protease inhibitor used in combination with elbasvir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults.		2.610aromatic ether;
azamacrocycle;
carbamate ester;
cyclopropanes;
lactam;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
quinoxaline derivative		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent
thiopental sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organochlorine compound;
piperazines;
pyrimidines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
abt-450
paritaprevir: inhibits HCV NS3 protease. paritaprevir : An azamacrocycle which is used which is in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		2.610
vb-201
1-palmityl-2-(4-carboxybutyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: an oxidized phospholipid small molecule that constrains CNS autoimmune disease		2.1310
letermovir
letermovir: has antiviral activity; structure in first source		2.610
fosinopril
Fosinopril: A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat.. fosinopril : A phosphinate ester-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. It is used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. A pro-drug, it is hydrolysed in vivo to the corresponding phosphininc acid, fosinoprilat, which is the active metabolite.		7.0310
sofosbuvir
Sofosbuvir: A uridine monophosphate analog inhibitor of HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) polymerase NS5B that is used as an ANTIVIRAL AGENT in the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS C.. sofosbuvir : A nucleotide conjugate that is used in combination with ledipasvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.		2.610isopropyl ester;
L-alanyl ester;
nucleotide conjugate;
organofluorine compound;
phosphoramidate ester		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
prodrug
5-(4-amino-1-propan-2-yl-3-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2-amine
sapanisertib: an mTOR inhibitor		2.610benzoxazole
blz 945
[no description available]		2.610
pha 793887
[no description available]		2.0810piperidinecarboxamide
azd3839
AZD3839: a BACE1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
pf 3084014
nirogacestat: an antineoplastic agent. nirogacestat : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole substituted by a 1-[(2,2-dimethylpropyl)amino]-2-methylpropan-2-yl group at position 1 and a {N-[(2S)-6,8-difluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl]-L-norvalyl}amino group at position 4. It is a gamma-secretase inhibitor whose hydrobromide salt is indicated for adult patients with progressing desmoid tumours who require systemic treatment.		2.610
unc 0638
UNC 0638: inhibits lysine methyltransferases G9a and GLP; structure in first source		2.610quinazolines
gsk0660
GSK0660: PPAR antagonist; structure in first source		3.0410sulfonamide
gs-9620
[no description available]		2.610
nvp-bsk805
[no description available]		2.0810
xmd 8-92
XMD8-92 : A dimethylpyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]benzodiazepin-6-one carrying at C-2 on the pyrimidine ring a [2-ethoxy-4-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)phenyl]amino substituent. It is an inhibitor of the BMK1 kinase pathway.		2.0810pyrimidobenzodiazepineprotein kinase inhibitor
n-((5-(methanesulfonyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-6-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1h-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-oxo-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide
N-((5-(methanesulfonyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-6-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-oxo-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide: structure in first source		2.610
bms 708163
BMS 708163: structure in first source		2.610oxadiazole;
ring assembly
jq1 compound
[no description available]		2.5820carboxylic ester;
organochlorine compound;
tert-butyl ester;
thienotriazolodiazepine		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
ferroptosis inducer
jnj38877605
[no description available]		2.0810quinolines
N-[3-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-c]pyrrol-2-yl]acetamide
[no description available]		2.0810benzothiazoles
1-(5-((2,4-difluorophenyl)thio)-4-nitrothiophen-2-yl)ethanone
1-(5-((2,4-difluorophenyl)thio)-4-nitrothiophen-2-yl)ethanone: a USP7 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
gsk525762a
molibresib: mimicks acetylated histones; structure in first source		2.610benzodiazepine
alectinib
[no description available]		3.5110aromatic ketone;
morpholines;
nitrile;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
piperidines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
ML240
ML240 : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted at positions 2, 5 and 8 by 2-amino-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl, benzylnitrilo and methoxy groups, respectively. It is a ATP-competetive inhibitor of AAA ATPase p97, also known as valosin-containing protein (VCP).		2.610aromatic amine;
aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent
birinapant
birinapant: a Smac mimetic with antineoplastic activity		2.610dipeptide
torin 1
torin 1 : A member of the class of pyridoquinolines that is 9-(quinolin-3-yl)benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-2-one bearing an additional 4-(4-propionylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent at position 1. It is a potent inhibitor of mTOR and exhibits anti-cancer properties.		2.0810N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridoquinoline;
quinolines		antineoplastic agent;
mTOR inhibitor
ly2886721
[no description available]		2.610
nms-p118
NMS-P118: a PARP-1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
ly2940680
[no description available]		2.0810
tubastatin a
[no description available]		2.610hydroxamic acid;
pyridoindole;
tertiary amino compound		EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
1-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(5-pyridin-4-yl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)urea
[no description available]		2.0810ureas
pracinostat
pracinostat : A hydroxamic acid that is N-hydroxyacrylamide which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-butyl-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl group (the E isomer). An orally available pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor with demonstrated activity in the treatment of advanced solid tumours.		2.610benzimidazole;
hydroxamic acid;
olefinic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
ro 4929097
[no description available]		2.0810dibenzoazepine;
dicarboxylic acid diamide;
lactam;
organofluorine compound		EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor
gsk4112
GSK4112: a Rev-erbalpha agonist; structure in first source		2.0810
spautin-1
[no description available]		2.610
methylcellulose
Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.		2.4920
torin 2
torin 2 : A member of the class of pyridoquinolines that is benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-2-one carrying additional 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and 6-aminopyridin-3-yl substituents at positions 1 and 9 respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of mTOR and exhibits anti-cancer properties.		2.0810aminopyridine;
organofluorine compound;
primary amino compound;
pyridoquinoline		antineoplastic agent;
mTOR inhibitor
pf-4708671
[no description available]		2.0810
ldn 57444
LDN 57444: inhibitor of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1; structure in first source		2.610
gsk1210151a
GSK1210151A: inhibitor of the BET family of proteins; structure in first source		2.610imidazoquinoline
i-bet726
[no description available]		2.610
sr1664
[no description available]		3.2110indolecarboxamide
natriuretic peptide, brain
Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.		8.11106polypeptide
acy-1215
ricolinostat: an HDAC6 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610pyrimidinecarboxylic acid
N-[4-(1-benzoyl-4-piperidinyl)butyl]-3-(3-pyridinyl)-2-propenamide
[no description available]		2.0810benzamides;
N-acylpiperidine
2-methoxy-N-[3-[4-[3-methyl-4-[(6-methyl-3-pyridinyl)oxy]anilino]-6-quinazolinyl]prop-2-enyl]acetamide
2-methoxy-N-[3-[4-[3-methyl-4-[(6-methyl-3-pyridinyl)oxy]anilino]-6-quinazolinyl]prop-2-enyl]acetamide : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by {3-methyl-4-[(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)oxy]phenyl}amino and 3-(2-methoxyacetamido)prop-1-en-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 6, respectively.		2.0810aromatic ether;
methylpyridines;
olefinic compound;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
toluenes
belinostat
[no description available]		2.0810olefinic compound
lesinurad
lesinurad: a uric acid reabsorption inhibitor. lesinurad : A member of the class of triazoles that is [(3-bromo-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]acetic acid substituted at position 1 of the triazole ring by a 4-cyclopropylnaphthalen-1-yl group. Used for treatment of gout.		2.4110aryl sulfide;
cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
naphthalenes;
organobromine compound;
triazoles		uricosuric drug
cudc-907
[no description available]		2.610
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		4.5570ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
raltegravir
[no description available]		3.23101,2,4-oxadiazole;
dicarboxylic acid amide;
hydroxypyrimidine;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidone;
secondary carboxamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
novobiocin
Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.		10.280carbamate ester;
ether;
hexoside;
hydroxycoumarin;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		4.86100
chlortetracycline
Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.		2.4520
oxytetracycline, anhydrous
Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.		4.0840
minocycline
Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.		4.4260
dicumarol
Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.		2.0510hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam
[no description available]		4.87100benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
roquinimex
roquinimex: structure in first source		2.7530aromatic amide
acenocoumarol
Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.		2.7530C-nitro compound;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone		anticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
lfm a13
LFM-A13 : An enamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2Z)-2-cyano-3-hydroxybut-2-enoic acid with the amino group of 2,5-dibromoaniline. It is a dual-function inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and Polo-like kinases (PLK) that exhibits anticancer properties.		2.2510aromatic amide;
dibromobenzene;
enamide;
enol;
nitrile;
secondary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.21 (polo kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
mobic
Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.		5.631301,3-thiazoles;
benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex
tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.		3.5680heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
isoxicam
isoxicam : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is piroxicam in which the pyrid-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the market in the 1980s following its association with cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		3.4470benzothiazine;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antirheumatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ethyl 1-benzyl-3-hydroxy-2(5h)-oxopyrrole-4-carboxylate
ethyl 1-benzyl-3-hydroxy-2(5H)-oxopyrrole-4-carboxylate: RN & structure given in first source		2.0810carboxylic acid;
pyrroline
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		11.56141benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
demeclocycline
Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.		3.5820
phenprocoumon
Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.		2.0510hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
tipranavir
tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.		4.1440sulfonamideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
chlortetracycline hydrochloride
Alexomycin: a thiopeptide; a cyclic peptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces arginensis isolated from the soil		2.4620
tasquinimod
tasquinimod: a lead second generation quinoline-3-carboxamide anti-angiogenic agent for the treatment of prostate cancer; structure in first source		2.610
rolitetracycline
Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.		2.4520
sudoxicam
sudoxicam: proposed ant-inflammatory agent; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZINES (75-86)		2.4620
methacycline monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
minocycline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7630
demeclocycline hydrochloride
demeclocycline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of demeclocycline. A tetracycline antibiotic, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.		2.4620
tigecycline
[no description available]		4.0840
lornoxicam
lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.		2.7630heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
a 769662
[no description available]		2.0810biphenyls
gsk1265744
[no description available]		2.610difluorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide		HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
abt-267
ombitasvir: inhibits HCV NS5A protein, component of Viekirax. ombitasvir : A dipeptide derivative which is used which is in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		2.610aromatic amide;
carbamate ester;
dipeptide;
pyrrolidines		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
abt-333
dasabuvir: an antiviral agent. dasabuvir : A member of the class of pyrimidone, which is (as the monohydrate of its sodium salt) in combination with ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		2.610aromatic ether;
naphthalenes;
pyrimidone;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
nonnucleoside hepatitis C virus polymerase inhibitor
rgfp966
[no description available]		2.610
rg2833
RG2833: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		5.07150
pi-1840
PI-1840: has both antineoplastic and proteasome inhibitory activities; structure in first source		2.610
LimKi 3
LIMKi3: LIMK inhibitor. LimKi 3 : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole which is substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 3 and by a 2-(isobutyrylamino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl group at position 5. It is a a potent cell-permeable inhibitor of LIM kinase 1 and 2.		2.08101,3-thiazoles;
dichlorobenzene;
organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
secondary carboxamide		LIM kinase inhibitor
1-[4-amino-7-[3-(2-methoxyethylamino)propyl]-5-(4-methylphenyl)-6-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl]-2-fluoroethanone
[no description available]		2.0810pyrroles
rociletinib
rociletinib: inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase activity; structure in first source		7.3110
2-[5-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]-4-methoxy-2-pyrrolylidene]indole
[no description available]		2.0810dipyrrins
acy-738
[no description available]		2.610
pelabresib
CPI-0610: a bromodomain and extra-terminal protein inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source		2.610monochlorobenzenes;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
primary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitor
N-hydroxy-3-[4-[[2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethylamino]methyl]phenyl]-2-propenamide
[no description available]		2.0810tryptamines
3-[(5-tert-butyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methylidene]-6-(phenylmethylene)piperazine-2,5-dione
[no description available]		2.0810pyrazines
gsk837149a
GSK837149A: structure in first source		2.0810
N-[4-(3-chloro-4-fluoroanilino)-7-[[(3S)-3-oxolanyl]oxy]-6-quinazolinyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamide
[no description available]		2.0810quinazolines
N-[4-(3-chloro-4-fluoroanilino)-7-methoxy-6-quinazolinyl]-4-(1-piperidinyl)-2-butenamide
[no description available]		2.0810quinazolines
wnt-c59
2-(4-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)phenyl)-N-(4-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)acetamide: a PORCN acyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0810
5-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-pyridin-4-yl-4-pyrazolyl]-2,3-dihydroinden-1-one oxime
[no description available]		2.0810indanes
gs-5806
presatovir: a respiratory syncytial virus entry inhibitor		2.610
doravirine
[no description available]		2.610
gn6958
GN6958: inhibits SUMO-sentrin specific protease 1 (SENP1); structure in first source		2.610
vx-787
pimodivir: non‐nucleotide inhibitor of the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) subunit of the influenza A that is active against H1N1, H7N9 and H5N1, as well as influenza A strains with reduced susceptibility to NAIs		2.610
ledipasvir
ledipasvir : A benzimidazole derivative that is used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.		2.610azaspiro compound;
benzimidazole;
bridged compound;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
fluorenes;
imidazoles;
L-valine derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor
gs-5816
velpatasvir: an NS5A inhibitor used for treating hepatitis C infections. velpatasvir : A complex organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the brand name Epclusa) for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C of all six major genotypes.		2.610carbamate ester;
ether;
imidazoles;
L-valine derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
ring assembly		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
g007-lk
G007-LK: potent and specific small-molecule tankyrase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610
ajmaline
[no description available]		2.0510
acp-196
acalabrutinib: inhibits Bruton’s tyrosine kinase; has antineoplastic activity. acalabrutinib : A member of the class of imidazopyrazines that is imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine substituted by 4-(pyridin-2-ylcarbamoyl)phenyl, (2S)-1-(but-2-ynoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl, and amino groups at positions 1, 3 and 8, respectively. It is an irreversible second-generation Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor that is approved by the FDA for the treatment of adult patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who have received at least one prior therapy.		2.2510aromatic amine;
benzamides;
imidazopyrazine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary carboxamide;
ynone		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
colistin sulfate
[no description available]		2.1110
4-((1-butyl-3-phenylureido)methyl)-n-hydroxybenzamide
4-((1-butyl-3-phenylureido)methyl)-N-hydroxybenzamide: inhibits HDAC6; structure in first source		2.610
selinexor
selinexor: inhibits karyopherin XPO1		2.610
verdinexor
verdinexor: a selective inhibitor of nuclear export		2.610
cb-839
[no description available]		2.610
mk-8742
elbasvir: inhibits NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus. elbasvir : A complex organic heterotetracyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with grazoprevir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults.		2.610carbamate ester;
imidazoles;
L-valine derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
ring assembly		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent
atglistatin
atglistatin: inhibits adipose triglyceride lipase; structure in first source. atglistatin : A biphenyl that is 1,1'-biphenyl substituted by (dimethylcarbamoyl)amino and dimethylamino groups at positions 3 and 4', respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase activity (IC50 = 700nM).		2.610
xen445
[no description available]		2.610
santacruzamate a
santacruzamate A: HDAC2 inhibitor from the Panamanian marine cyanobacterium cf. Symploca sp.; structure in first source		2.610organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
cyclin d1
Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.		4.4540
fertinex
[no description available]		3.2310
ldc4297
LDC4297: a CDK7 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source. LDC4297 : A pyrazolotriazine that is pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine substituted by a piperidin-3-yloxy group, [2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzyl]nitrilo group and an isopropyl group at positions 2, 4 and 8 respectively. It is a potent and selective CDK7 inhibitor and exhibits antiviral activity.		2.610aromatic ether;
piperidines;
pyrazoles;
pyrazolotriazine;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
nitrophenols
Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.		2.1510
enasidenib
[no description available]		2.6101,3,5-triazines;
aminopyridine;
aromatic amine;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.42 (isocitrate dehydrogenase) inhibitor
angiotensin i
Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3.		8.3160angiotensin;
peptide zwitterion		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter agent
nephrin
nephrin: gene nephrin is mutated in congenital nephrotic syndrome; amino acid sequence in first source; GenBank F19541; RefSeq NM_019459 (mouse), NM_004646 (human), NM_022628 (rat)		2.7730
s 8932
[no description available]		2.610aromatic amine;
C-nucleoside;
carboxylic ester;
nitrile;
phosphoramidate ester;
pyrrolotriazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
prodrug
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		7.7830
cytochalasin d
Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis.		3.5110
muramidase
Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.		2.3110
amyloid beta-peptides
amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined		2.110
entecavir
entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.		4.13402-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
chir 258
[no description available]		3.6620
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		5.691402-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
osi 027
OSI 027: inhibits both mTORC1 and mTORC2; structure in first source		2.0810
nu 1025
NU 1064: structure in first source		2.610phenols;
quinazolines		EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
cyclic gmp
Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.		3.85303',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyguanosine
[no description available]		5.4753purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine
[no description available]		2.0510inosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sapropterin
sapropterin: RN given refers to parent cpd; co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthases. (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin : A 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration.. sapropterin : A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer).		2.05105,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterincoenzyme;
cofactor;
diagnostic agent;
human metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		4.4460folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
3-methyladenine
N3-methyladenine: structure in first source		2.3110
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate)
Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.		2.610nucleoside triphosphate analogue
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		6.22170cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine
Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.		13.38122benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
GABA antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
xenobiotic
dacarbazine
(E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		4.4260dacarbazine
didanosine
Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.		4.7890purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir
[no description available]		4.871002-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antiinfective agent;
antiviral drug
valtrex
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
valacyclovir
Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.		4.9860L-valyl esterantiviral drug
sildenafil
sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.		4.6780piperazines;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
sulfonamide		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
olanzapine
Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.		7.9172benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
penciclovir
penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.		3.17502-aminopurines;
propane-1,3-diols		antiviral drug
oxypurinol
Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.		2.0510pyrazolopyrimidinedrug metabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
zaprinast
zaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structure		2.0710triazolopyrimidines
raltitrexed
[no description available]		2.4720N-acyl-amino acid
vardenafil
vardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.		4.0840imidazotriazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		4.95110nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
hli 373
[no description available]		2.0810
citrovorum factor
[no description available]		4.0940tetrahydrofolic acid
leucovorin
5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.		4.2650formyltetrahydrofolic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
rifapentine
rifapentine: cyclopentyl derivative of rifampicin		3.6120N-alkylpiperazine;
N-iminopiperazine;
rifamycins		antitubercular agent;
leprostatic drug
4-hydroxyquinazoline
4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazoline: structure in first source		2.610quinazolines
alanosine
[no description available]		2.0510
bl 4162a
anagrelide: imidazoquinazoline derivative which lowers platelet count probably by inhibiting thrombopoiesis and reduces platelet aggregation; used for thrombocythemia; structure in first source. anagrelide : A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.		3.2310imidazoquinazolineanticoagulant;
antifibrinolytic drug;
cardiovascular drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tegaserod
tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source		4.2850carboxamidine;
guanidines;
hydrazines;
indoles		gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic agonist
norclozapine
norclozapine: structure given in first source. N-desmethylclozapine : A dibenzodoazepine substituted with chloro and piperazino groups which is a major metabolite of clozapine; a potent and selective 5-HT2C serotonin receptor antagonist.		2.610dibenzodiazepine;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		delta-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
serotonergic antagonist
pemetrexed
pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).		4.240N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
tirapazamine
Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.		2.4520aromatic amine;
benzotriazines;
N-oxide		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
sildenafil citrate
Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.		4.1440citrate saltEC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
valganciclovir
Valganciclovir: A ganciclovir prodrug and antiviral agent that is used to treat CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS in patients with AIDS, and for the prevention of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS in organ transplant recipients who have received an organ from a CMV-positive donor.. valganciclovir : The L-valinyl ester of ganciclovir, into which it is rapidly converted by intestinal and hepatic esterases. It is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine.		3.2310L-valyl ester;
purines		antiviral drug;
prodrug
aprepitant
Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.		4.5970(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
triazoles		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
substance P receptor antagonist
fosaprepitant
fosaprepitant: a pro-drug form of aprepitant. fosaprepitant : A morpholine derivative that is the (1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl ether of (3-{[(2R,3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxymorpholin-4-yl]methyl}-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phosphonic acid.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
phosphoramide;
triazoles		antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
prodrug
tegaserod maleate
[no description available]		2.0810maleate saltserotonergic agonist
ceftobiprole
ceftobiprole: BAL5788 is Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium. ceftobiprole : A fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (E)-[(3'R)-2-oxo[1,3'-bipyrrolidin]-3-ylidene]methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).		2.0410cephalosporin;
thiadiazoles		antimicrobial agent
rifabutin
[no description available]		4.87100
azilsartan
azilsartan: an angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker; receptor blocker. azilsartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group and at position 1 by a 2'-[(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl group. Used (as the prodrug, azilsartan medoxomil) for treatment of hypertension.		7.89811,2,4-oxadiazole;
aromatic ether;
benzimidazolecarboxylic acid		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
xav939
XAV939: selectively inhibits beta-catenin-mediated transcription; structure in first source. XAV939 : A thiopyranopyrimidine in which a 7,8-dihydro-5H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidine skeleton is substituted at C-4 by a hydroxy group and at C-2 by a para-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group.		2.0810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
thiopyranopyrimidine		tankyrase inhibitor
2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate
[no description available]		2.0810
hesperadin
[no description available]		2.610
nintedanib
nintedanib : A member of the class of oxindoles that is a kinase inhibitor used (in the form of its ethylsulfonate salt) for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cancer.		2.0810
methylnitronitrosoguanidine
Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position		2.1310nitroso compoundalkylating agent
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine
8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.		5.4753guanosinesbiomarker
6-bromoindirubin-3'-acetoxime
6-bromoindirubin-3'-acetoxime: a synthetic derivative of a compound from the Mediterranean mollusk Hexaplex trunculus, protects cells from varicella infection		2.610
amg531
[no description available]		3.5110
aplysinopsin
aplysinopsin: antineoplastic tryptophan deriv from Verongia spengetii (marine sponge); structure		2.1110
n'-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-hydroxy-2-naphthahydrazide
[no description available]		2.610catechols;
hydrazide;
hydrazone;
naphthols		EC 3.6.5.5 (dynamin GTPase) inhibitor
ver 52296
luminespib : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl)-4-[4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of ethylamine.		2.0810aromatic amide;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
resorcinols		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
Hsp90 inhibitor
levomefolate calcium
levomefolate calcium: an ingredient in Contraceptives, Oral, Combined. levomefolate calcium : An organic calcium salt of (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid.		3.2310organic calcium saltantidepressant
sb-590885
N-{5-[2-{4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl}-4-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene}hydroxylamine : A ketoxime that is the oxime of indan-1-one in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by an imidazol-5-yl group which has itself been substituted at positions 2 and 4 by p-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl and pyridin-4-yl groups, respectively.		2.0810aromatic ether;
imidazoles;
ketoxime;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound
XL413
XL413 : A benzofuropyrimidine that is 3,4-dihydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine substituted by (2S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl, oxo and chloro groups at positions 2, 4, and 8, respectively. It is a potent ATP competitive inhibitor of Cdc7 kinase (IC50 = 3.4 nM) and exhibits anticancer properties.		2.610benzofuropyrimidine;
organochlorine compound;
pyrrolidines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
pf-477736
PF 00477736: a Chk1 inhibitor; structure in first source. PF-00477736 : A diazepinoindole that is 8-amino-4,5-dihydro-6H-[1,2]diazepino[4,5,6-cd]indol-6-one which is substituted at position 2 by a 1-methylpyrazol-4-yl group and in which the amino group at position 8 has undergone condensation with the carboxy group of (2R)-2-cyclohexylglycine to give the corresponding carboxamide. It is an inhibitor of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk 1).		2.0810
me0328
ME0328: inhibits ARTD3; structure in first source		2.610
fenobam
fenobam: in USAN fenobam refers to monohydrate		2.0810ureas
nvp-tnks656
[no description available]		2.610
leptin
Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.		6.42143
pyrimidinones
Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.		2.0510
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		024.05617280
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		126.05617280
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		04.87120
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		04.87120
Cardiometabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.		020.216926
Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.		015.216926
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		03.92120
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		016.4810436
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		016.4810436
Encephalitis, Polio
[description not available]		02.0610
Poliomyelitis
An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)		02.0610
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		05.9251
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		05.9251
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		02.0710
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
[description not available]		02.0710
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		02.0710
Malaria, Falciparum
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.		02.0710
Ache
[description not available]		02.1110
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		02.1110
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		06.24100
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		06.24100
Anemia, Fanconi
[description not available]		02.1310
Fanconi Anemia
Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)		02.1310
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		018.7914856
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		120.7914856
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic
[description not available]		03.1840
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.		03.1840
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic
[description not available]		06.95141
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.		06.95141
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		010.421500
Blood Clot
[description not available]		02.520
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		02.520
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.2510
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		05.6860
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		05.6860
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
[description not available]		015.247923
Albuminuria
The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		117.896633
Diabetic Nephropathies
KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.		117.247923
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		02.6920
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		06.3690
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		02.6920
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		06.3690
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		09.46183
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		111.46183
Cognitive Decline
[description not available]		04.7451
Cognitive Dysfunction
Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.		09.7451
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		04.7821
Age-Related Osteoporosis
[description not available]		02.6620
Osteoporosis
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.		07.6620
Drug-Induced Cochlear Toxicity
[description not available]		02.3110
Ototoxicity
Damage to the EAR or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.		07.3110
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		04.03130
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		04.03130
Hypertension, Essential
[description not available]		010.53148
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary
[description not available]		010.42189
Essential Hypertension
Hypertension that occurs without known cause, or preexisting renal disease. Associated polymorphisms for a number of genes have been identified, including AGT, GNB3, and ECE1. OMIM: 145500		112.53148
Coronary Artery Disease
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.		010.42189
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		06.8551
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		010.28517
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		010.28517
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		07.55463
Glycosuria
The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).		02.4110
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		06.5692
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		07.55463
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		18.5692
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		013.34612
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		05.2791
Aura
[description not available]		02.4110
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		02.830
Epilepsy
A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)		07.4110
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		02.830
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		121.9915653
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease
[description not available]		02.4110
Huntington Disease
A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)		02.4110
Pericementitis
[description not available]		02.8330
Alveolar Bone Atrophy
[description not available]		02.8330
Periodontitis
Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)		02.8330
Lung Injury, Acute
[description not available]		02.7620
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		02.4110
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		07.4110
Acute Lung Injury
A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).		02.7620
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		04.2821
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		04.2821
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		014.074919
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		116.074919
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling
[description not available]		02.6320
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		08.57162
Injuries, Radiation
[description not available]		02.610
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
[description not available]		09.0383
Aortic Aneurysm, Ruptured
[description not available]		04.9621
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.		09.0383
Gout
Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.		07.4110
Adhesions, Tissue
[description not available]		02.7220
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		09.06294
Prediabetes
[description not available]		04.7732
Prediabetic State
The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		04.7732
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		09.06294
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		03.3960
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		08.3960
Glomerulonephritis, Minimal Change
[description not available]		02.4110
Nephrosis, Lipoid
A kidney disease with no or minimal histological glomerular changes on light microscopy and with no immune deposits. It is characterized by lipid accumulation in the epithelial cells of KIDNEY TUBULES and in the URINE. Patients usually show NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA with accompanying EDEMA.		02.4110
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		012.394016
Peripheral Arterial Diseases
[description not available]		06.7943
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.		06.7943
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		116.984318
Infections, Respiratory
[description not available]		03.5240
Respiratory Tract Infections
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.		03.5240
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (		03.3340
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		04.55160
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic
[description not available]		03.3340
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		04.55160
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal
Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.		03.3340
Marfan Syndrome, Type I
[description not available]		02.8230
Marfan Syndrome
An autosomal dominant disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE with abnormal features in the heart, the eye, and the skeleton. Cardiovascular manifestations include MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE, dilation of the AORTA, and aortic dissection. Other features include lens displacement (ectopia lentis), disproportioned long limbs and enlarged DURA MATER (dural ectasia). Marfan syndrome (type 1) is associated with mutations in the gene encoding FIBRILLIN-1 (FBN1), a major element of extracellular microfibrils of connective tissue. Mutations in the gene encoding TYPE II TGF-BETA RECEPTOR (TGFBR2) are associated with Marfan syndrome type 2.		07.8230
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.610
Anterior Horn Cell Disease
[description not available]		02.610
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)		02.610
Motor Neuron Disease
Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)		02.610
Berger Disease
[description not available]		04.4541
Glomerulonephritis, IGA
A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.		04.4541
Blood Pressure, Low
[description not available]		010.54145
Hypotension
Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.		015.54145
Cardiac Toxicity
[description not available]		02.4110
Cardiotoxicity
Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.		07.4110
Sterility, Male
[description not available]		02.610
Infertility, Male
The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.		02.610
Nerve Pain
[description not available]		03.0840
Neuralgia
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.		15.0840
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		04.3160
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		04.360
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		04.3160
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		04.360
Autoimmune Diabetes
[description not available]		07.01103
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy
[description not available]		04.231
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.		07.01103
Diabetic Neuropathies
Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)		04.231
Injuries, Spinal Cord
[description not available]		02.6120
Spinal Cord Injuries
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).		02.6120
Eczema, Atopic
[description not available]		02.610
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis
[description not available]		02.7220
Dermatitis, Atopic
A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.		02.610
Psoriasis
A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.		02.7220
Brain Vascular Disorders
[description not available]		02.7630
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		014.524717
Cerebrovascular Disorders
A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.		02.7630
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		014.524717
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		07.5105
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		08.6411
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		111.282010
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		013.225711
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		07.64181
Bone Diseases
Diseases of BONES.		02.2110
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.		08.21143
Hyperglycemia
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.		08.21143
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		03.1210
Recrudescence
[description not available]		010.57146
Apoplexy
[description not available]		016.997533
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		012.092711
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		017.092711
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		118.997533
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		02.7230
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		07.2510
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		08.9421
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		02.2510
Celiac Sprue
[description not available]		02.2510
Celiac Disease
A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.		02.2510
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular
[description not available]		08.92156
Angiitis
[description not available]		05.341
Vasculitis
Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		05.341
Glaucoma
An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)		07.2510
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		010.851810
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		112.851810
Infections, Coronavirus
[description not available]		05.2531
Cytokine Release Syndrome
A severe immune reaction characterized by excessive release of CYTOKINES. Symptoms include DYSPNEA; FEVER; HEADACHE; HYPOTENSION; NAUSEA; RASH; TACHYCARDIA; HYPOXIA; HYPERFERRITINEMIA, and MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE. It is associated with viral infections, SEPSIS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES and a variety of factors used in IMMUNOTHERAPY.		02.2510
Pneumonia, Viral
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.		05.2531
Coronavirus Infections
Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).		05.2531
Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm
[description not available]		03.1710
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract
[description not available]		03.1710
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA).		03.1710
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		03.520
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		03.520
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic
[description not available]		02.4820
Overweight
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.		05.7354
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.		02.4820
Chickungunya Fever
[description not available]		02.2510
Lesion of Sciatic Nerve
[description not available]		02.5720
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		014.273819
Dyslipidemia
[description not available]		08.97138
Dyslipidemias
Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.		08.97138
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		03.8100
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.		03.8100
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
[description not available]		02.2510
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.		02.2510
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome
[description not available]		02.3110
Demyelinating Diseases
Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.		02.3110
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		07.8530
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
[description not available]		03.4220
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.		03.4220
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion
[description not available]		03.3660
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		02.4110
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		07.4110
Bleeding
[description not available]		07.8264
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		07.8264
Hematuria
Presence of blood in the urine.		02.3110
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		03.2310
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		03.2310
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		08.2310
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		03.2310
Auricular Fibrillation
[description not available]		010.58157
Atrial Fibrillation
Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.		010.58157
Disbacteriosis
[description not available]		02.3110
Hypertension, Renal
Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.		08.86147
Nephritis
Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.		02.8430
Binge Alcohol Consumption
[description not available]		02.3110
Alcohol Abuse
[description not available]		02.3110
Alcoholic Hepatitis
[description not available]		02.3110
Alcoholism
A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)		02.3110
Hepatitis, Alcoholic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		02.3110
Amentia
[description not available]		04.9942
Dementia
An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.		04.9942
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
[description not available]		013.054120
Cardio-Renal Syndrome
Condition where a primary dysfunction of either heart or kidney results in failure of the other organ (e.g., HEART FAILURE with worsening RENAL INSUFFICIENCY).		02.3110
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular
Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.		013.054120
Precordial Catch
[description not available]		02.3110
Aortic Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.		02.3110
Chest Pain
Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.		02.3110
Hematoma
A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.		02.3110
Alcohol Drinking
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.		02.3110
Brain Inflammation
[description not available]		03.2250
Astrocytosis
[description not available]		02.7930
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.		03.2250
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		03.0910
Dilatation, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions.		03.0910
Cardiac Hypertrophy
Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.		03.6890
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.		03.6890
Endometrioma
An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.		02.5220
Endometriosis
A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.		07.5220
Adenoma, Prostatic
[description not available]		02.1510
Prostatic Hyperplasia
Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.		07.1510
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		07.6179
Catatonia
A neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by one or more of the following essential features: immobility, mutism, negativism (active or passive refusal to follow commands), mannerisms, stereotypies, posturing, grimacing, excitement, echolalia, echopraxia, muscular rigidity, and stupor; sometimes punctuated by sudden violent outbursts, panic, or hallucinations. This condition may be associated with psychiatric illnesses (e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA; MOOD DISORDERS) or organic disorders (NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; ENCEPHALITIS, etc.). (From DSM-IV, 4th ed, 1994; APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)		02.1510
Dementia Praecox
[description not available]		07.8582
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		07.6179
Schizophrenia
A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.		07.8582
Psychoses
[description not available]		04.8121
Psychotic Disorders
Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)		04.8121
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		03.0340
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		03.4120
Bile Duct Cancer
[description not available]		03.4120
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		03.7130
Bile Duct Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.		03.4120
Cholangiocarcinoma
A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.		08.4120
Bladder, Overactive
[description not available]		02.5120
Urinary Bladder, Overactive
Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the URINARY BLADDER that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overactive bladder is characterized by the frequent feeling of needing to urinate during the day, during the night, or both. URINARY INCONTINENCE may or may not be present.		02.5120
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		02.5320
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		02.5320
Acute Onset Vascular Dementia
[description not available]		02.5320
Dementia, Vascular
An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44)		02.5320
Dizzyness
[description not available]		07.5573
Bilateral Headache
[description not available]		09.07116
Dizziness
An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.		07.5573
Headache
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.		09.07116
No-Reflow Phenomenon
Markedly reduced or absent REPERFUSION in an infarct zone following the removal of an obstruction or constriction of an artery.		02.1710
Hyperactivity, Motor
[description not available]		02.1710
Gestational Hypertension
[description not available]		02.1710
Stillbirth
The event that a FETUS is born dead or stillborn.		02.1710
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.1710
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		03.0440
Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced
A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (		02.1710
Acute Post-operative Pain
[description not available]		02.1710
Pain, Postoperative
Pain during the period after surgery.		02.1710
Anoxemia
[description not available]		06.2894
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		06.2894
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		015.01424
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		02.5220
Developmental Psychomotor Disorders
[description not available]		02.1710
Parkinsonian Disorders
A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.		02.5220
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney
[description not available]		02.5320
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		03.7330
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.		02.5320
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		03.7330
Brain Disorders
[description not available]		02.2110
Brain Diseases
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.		02.2110
Diabetic Cardiomyopathies
Diabetes complications in which VENTRICULAR REMODELING in the absence of CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS and hypertension results in cardiac dysfunctions, typically LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION. The changes also result in myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, and collagen deposition due to impaired glucose tolerance.		04.4441
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		03.89110
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		08.89110
Atheroma
[description not available]		09.1831
CACH Syndrome
[description not available]		03.5911
Cat Diseases
Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.		04.5622
Neointima
The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement.		04.8221
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		07.5120
Ureteral Obstruction
Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.		07.9940
Elevated Cholesterol
[description not available]		06.243
Hypercholesterolemia
A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.		06.243
Tachycardia, Supraventricular
A generic expression for any tachycardia that originates above the BUNDLE OF HIS.		02.2110
Ectoparasitic Infestations
Infestations by PARASITES which live on, or burrow into, the surface of their host's EPIDERMIS. Most ectoparasites are ARTHROPODS.		03.1210
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		05.2960
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		05.2960
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		02.5320
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		03.520
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.5320
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		03.520
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		02.5520
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		02.5520
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		05.4851
Ventricular Dysfunction
A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function.		02.4920
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		05.3141
Liver Steatosis
[description not available]		07.29143
Leukemia, Acute Monocytic
[description not available]		02.0810
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.		012.29143
Hepatitis
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.		02.0810
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage including monoblasts, promonocytes, and MONOCYTES.		02.0810
Abdominal Obesity
[description not available]		07.6954
Nerve Degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.		02.4720
Schistosoma mansoni Infection
[description not available]		07.0810
Schistosomiasis mansoni
Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver.		02.0810
Diabetic Angiopathies
VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.		08.6116
Angioneurotic Edema
[description not available]		011.621710
Angioedema
Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx.		016.621710
Atrophy
Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.		02.0810
Cleft Palate, Isolated
[description not available]		02.110
Cleft Palate
Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.		02.110
Escherichia coli Meningitis
[description not available]		02.110
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		03.6730
Constriction, Pathological
[description not available]		02.4820
Goldblatt Syndrome
[description not available]		02.9540
Constriction, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.		02.4820
Hypertension, Renovascular
Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.		02.9540
Hyperpotassemia
[description not available]		06.7742
Hypokalemia
Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)		04.411
Hyperkalemia
Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)		011.7742
Pulmonary Hypertension
[description not available]		03.6930
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.		03.6930
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		06.3270
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		06.3270
Cyst
[description not available]		07.0810
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		02.0810
ARPKD
[description not available]		02.0810
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		02.0810
Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Recessive
A genetic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance, characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS and associated LIVER lesions. Serious manifestations are usually present at BIRTH with high PERINATAL MORTALITY.		02.0810
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		02.0810
Cachexia
General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.		02.5120
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		02.0810
Amyloid Deposits
[description not available]		02.1110
Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		05.2562
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.		05.2562
Arterial Diseases, Carotid
[description not available]		05.9431
Carotid Artery Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.		05.9431
Peritoneal Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.		02.110
Lung Adenocarcinoma
[description not available]		07.110
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		03.4420
Adenocarcinoma of Lung
A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.		02.110
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		03.4420
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular
[description not available]		07.143
Peripheral Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.		07.143
Brain Hemorrhage
[description not available]		03.4811
Intracranial Hemorrhages
Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.		03.4811
Femoral Fractures
Fractures of the femur.		02.110
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		03.0110
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		03.0110
Age-Related Memory Disorders
[description not available]		0340
Amyloid Angiopathy, Cerebral
[description not available]		02.110
Memory Disorders
Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.		0340
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or familial disorders characterized by AMYLOID deposits in the walls of small and medium sized blood vessels of CEREBRAL CORTEX and MENINGES. Clinical features include multiple, small lobar CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; cerebral ischemia (BRAIN ISCHEMIA); and CEREBRAL INFARCTION. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is unrelated to generalized AMYLOIDOSIS. Amyloidogenic peptides in this condition are nearly always the same ones found in ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (from Kumar: Robbins and Cotran: Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th ed., 2005)		02.110
Hypercoagulability
[description not available]		03.4811
Isolated Clinic Hypertension
[description not available]		03.4811
Thrombophilia
A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.		03.4811
Electrolytes
Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		02.4520
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		02.110
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		02.110
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory
[description not available]		03.0110
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		03.7130
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.		03.0110
Cognition Disorders
Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.		07.51112
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.110
Cough
A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.		015.37119
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
[description not available]		010.91179
Uremia
A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.		02.110
Diseases, Metabolic
[description not available]		05.341
Metabolic Diseases
Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)		05.341
Atrial Remodeling
Long-term changes in the electrophysiological parameters and/or anatomical structures of the HEART ATRIA that result from prolonged changes in atrial rate, often associated with ATRIAL FIBRILLATION or long periods of intense EXERCISE.		02.5120
ADPKD
[description not available]		07.2864
Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant
Kidney disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS with progressive deterioration of renal function.		07.2864
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		012.522210
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		012.522210
Apnea, Obstructive Sleep
[description not available]		02.520
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395)		14.520
Muscle Pain
[description not available]		02.1110
Myalgia
Painful sensation in the muscles.		02.1110
Acute Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction
[description not available]		02.110
Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION in which the anterior wall of the heart is involved. Anterior wall myocardial infarction is often caused by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. It can be categorized as anteroseptal or anterolateral wall myocardial infarction.		02.110
Anuria
Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present.		03.511
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
[description not available]		02.4720
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental
A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.		02.4720
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		02.4820
Erythema Multiforme
A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.		07.1110
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		07.1110
Allodynia
[description not available]		02.4920
Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.1110
Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		09.43126
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		04.3540
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		04.3540
Glucose Metabolic Disorder
[description not available]		03.511
Carotid Artery Narrowing
[description not available]		04.5630
Carotid Stenosis
Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)		04.5630
Acute Brain Injuries
[description not available]		02.5220
Brain Injuries
Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.		02.5220
Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications
[description not available]		02.1110
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure
[description not available]		02.1110
Left Ventricular Dysfunction
[description not available]		08.09106
Altitude Hypoxia
Low ambient oxygen tension associated with ALTITUDE.		04.7532
Altitude Sickness
Multiple symptoms associated with reduced oxygen at high ALTITUDE.		04.7532
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.		08.09106
Hypermelanosis
[description not available]		02.1310
Hyperpigmentation
Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.		07.1310
Airway Remodeling
The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues.		07.1110
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		02.1110
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		02.1110
Acute-Phase Reaction
An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.		02.1110
AIDS Seroconversion
[description not available]		02.4920
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		03.0410
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		03.0410
Anochlesia
[description not available]		02.1310
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		02.1310
Parkinson Disease
A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)		02.1310
Angiospasm, Intracranial
[description not available]		02.1310
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid
[description not available]		02.1310
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.		02.1310
Vasospasm, Intracranial
Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).		02.1310
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		02.1310
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		02.1310
Encephalopathy, Traumatic
[description not available]		02.1310
Brain Swelling
[description not available]		02.1310
Brain Injuries, Traumatic
A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.		02.1310
Brain Edema
Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)		02.1310
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		03.0410
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		03.0410
Encephalitis, Equine
[description not available]		02.1310
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		02.1510
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		02.1510
Lipodystrophy
A collection of heterogenous conditions resulting from defective LIPID METABOLISM and characterized by ADIPOSE TISSUE atrophy. Often there is redistribution of body fat resulting in peripheral fat wasting and central adiposity. They include generalized, localized, congenital, and acquired lipodystrophy.		03.8721
Depression, Endogenous
[description not available]		02.1510
Depressive Disorder
An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.		02.1510
Lichen Ruber Planus
[description not available]		02.1510
Itching
[description not available]		02.1510
Lichen Planus
An inflammatory, pruritic disease of the skin and mucous membranes, which can be either generalized or localized. It is characterized by distinctive purplish, flat-topped papules having a predilection for the trunk and flexor surfaces. The lesions may be discrete or coalesce to form plaques. Histologically, there is a saw-tooth pattern of epidermal hyperplasia and vacuolar alteration of the basal layer of the epidermis along with an intense upper dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of T-cells. Etiology is unknown.		07.1510
Pruritus
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.		02.1510
Vitiligo
A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.		02.1510
Abdominal Migraine
[description not available]		03.8721
Migraine Disorders
A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		03.8721
Pemphigus Foliaceus
[description not available]		02.0410
Pemphigus
Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.		02.0410
Kidney Failure
A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.		0784
Renal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.		0784
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
[description not available]		011.6354
Glucose Intolerance
A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.		011.6354
Chronic Hepatitis C
[description not available]		03.4311
Hepatitis C, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		03.4311
Corneal Angiogenesis
[description not available]		02.9610
Corneal Neovascularization
New blood vessels originating from the corneal blood vessels and extending from the limbus into the adjacent CORNEAL STROMA. Neovascularization in the superficial and/or deep corneal stroma is a sequel to numerous inflammatory diseases of the ocular anterior segment, such as TRACHOMA, viral interstitial KERATITIS, microbial KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS, and the immune response elicited by CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION.		02.9610
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.		05.8142
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		02.7530
Delayed Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		02.0510
Neuroretinitis
[description not available]		02.0510
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		02.7530
Retinitis
Inflammation of the RETINA. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (CHORIORETINITIS) and of the OPTIC DISK (neuroretinitis).		02.0510
Uveitis
Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)		07.7230
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal
[description not available]		02.0510
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.		02.0510
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral
[description not available]		02.4420
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		02.4420
Heart Disease, Ischemic
[description not available]		03.8840
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		03.8840
Choline Deficiency
A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)		02.7430
Acute Coronary Syndrome
An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		010.3222
Cardiomyopathies, Primary
[description not available]		03.8321
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).		03.8321
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction
[description not available]		02.0510
Brain Infarction
Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.		02.0510
Anasarca
[description not available]		06.4444
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		011.4444
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		02.0510
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		02.0510
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack
[description not available]		02.4320
Ischemic Attack, Transient
Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)		02.4320
Impotence, Arteriogenic
[description not available]		02.0510
Anorexia
The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.		02.0510
Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular
Enlargement of the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is often attributed to PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.		02.0510
Gastric Ulcer
[description not available]		02.4620
Stomach Ulcer
Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		02.4620
Acatalasemia
[description not available]		02.4420
Kidney, Polycystic
[description not available]		02.0510
Polycystic Kidney Diseases
Hereditary diseases that are characterized by the progressive expansion of a large number of tightly packed CYSTS within the KIDNEYS. They include diseases with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance.		14.0510
AIDS Nephropathy
[description not available]		02.4720
AIDS-Associated Nephropathy
Renal syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients characterized by nephrotic syndrome, severe proteinuria, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis with distinctive tubular and interstitial changes, enlarged kidneys, and peculiar tubuloreticular structures. The syndrome is distinct from heroin-associated nephropathy as well as other forms of kidney disease seen in HIV-infected patients.		02.4720
Bright Disease
A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.		02.4620
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		02.4620
Impotence
[description not available]		05.632
Erectile Dysfunction
The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.		05.632
Deficiency, IgA
[description not available]		02.0510
DDD MPGNII
[description not available]		02.7530
Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative
Chronic glomerulonephritis characterized histologically by proliferation of MESANGIAL CELLS, increase in the MESANGIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, and a thickening of the glomerular capillary walls. This may appear as a primary disorder or secondary to other diseases including infections and autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Various subtypes are classified by their abnormal ultrastructures and immune deposits. Hypocomplementemia is a characteristic feature of all types of MPGN.		02.7530
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic
[description not available]		02.4720
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction
[description not available]		08.3575
Cerebral Infarction
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).		013.3575
Diseases, Occupational
[description not available]		03.4311
Hyponatremia
Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed)		07.0510
Exanthem
[description not available]		07.0510
Exanthema
Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.		07.0510
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive
[description not available]		02.4720
Carditis
[description not available]		02.9840
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.		02.4720
Myocarditis
Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.		02.9840
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia
A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.		05.2841
Hyperinsulinism
A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.		05.2841
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).		08.1650
Aneurysm, Aortic
[description not available]		02.0510
Aortic Aneurysm
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA.		07.0510
Endomyocardial Fibrosis
A condition characterized by the thickening of the ventricular ENDOCARDIUM and subendocardium (MYOCARDIUM), seen mostly in children and young adults in the TROPICAL CLIMATE. The fibrous tissue extends from the apex toward and often involves the HEART VALVES causing restrictive blood flow into the respective ventricles (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE).		02.0610
Condition, Preneoplastic
[description not available]		02.0610
Precancerous Conditions
Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.		02.0610
Gastroenteritis
INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.		02.0610
Angor Pectoris
[description not available]		02.0610
Angina Pectoris
The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.		02.0610
Coronary Artery Stenosis
[description not available]		05.9733
Coronary Stenosis
Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.		05.9733
Foot Deformities
Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot.		02.0610
Cadmium Poisoning
Poisoning occurring after exposure to cadmium compounds or fumes. It may cause gastrointestinal syndromes, anemia, or pneumonitis.		02.0810
Testicular Diseases
Pathological processes of the TESTIS.		02.0810
Atrophy, Muscle
[description not available]		02.0610
Muscular Atrophy
Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.		02.0610
Sarcopenia
Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles.		02.0610
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		04.3340
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		04.3340
Autoimmune Disease Models, Nervous System
[description not available]		02.0710
Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome
An occupational disorder resulting from prolonged exposure to vibration, affecting the fingers, hands, and forearms. It occurs in workers who regularly use vibrating tools such as jackhammers, power chain saws, riveters, etc. Symptoms include episodic finger blanching, NUMBNESS, tingling, and loss of nerve sensitivity.		02.0610
Hydronephrosis
Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.		02.0710
Brain Emboli
[description not available]		07.544
MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0710
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.9910
Sore Throat
[description not available]		02.0710
Cystitis
Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.		02.0710
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).		02.0710
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis
[description not available]		02.0710
Eclampsia
Onset of HYPERREFLEXIA; SEIZURES; or COMA in a previously diagnosed pre-eclamptic patient (PRE-ECLAMPSIA).		02.0710
Pre-Eclampsia
A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.		02.0710
Bladder Neck Obstruction
[description not available]		02.7530
Hypertriglyceridemia
A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.		02.4620
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		02.0810
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		02.0810
Genetic Diseases, X-Chromosome Linked
[description not available]		02.0710
Abnormality, Heart
[description not available]		02.0710
Mitral Incompetence
[description not available]		02.0710
Click-Murmur Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0710
Angiomyxoma
[description not available]		02.0710
Heart Defects, Congenital
Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.		02.0710
Mitral Valve Insufficiency
Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation.		02.0710
Bacteroidaceae Infections
Infections with bacteria of the family BACTEROIDACEAE.		02.0810
Coronary Artery Vasospasm
[description not available]		02.0710
Coronary Vasospasm
Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.		02.0710
Bone Fractures
[description not available]		04.3911
Intertrochanteric Fractures
[description not available]		04.3911
Hip Fractures
Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).		04.3911
Fractures, Bone
Breaks in bones.		04.3911
Cholangiitis, Sclerosing
[description not available]		02.0810
Cholangitis, Sclerosing
Chronic inflammatory disease of the BILIARY TRACT. It is characterized by fibrosis and hardening of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ductal systems leading to bile duct strictures, CHOLESTASIS, and eventual BILIARY CIRRHOSIS.		02.0810
Apnea, Central
[description not available]		03.4711
Sleep Apnea, Central
A condition associated with multiple episodes of sleep apnea which are distinguished from obstructive sleep apnea (SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE) by the complete cessation of efforts to breathe. This disorder is associated with dysfunction of central nervous system centers that regulate respiration.		03.4711
Colicky Pain
[description not available]		04.3111
Abdominal Pain
Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.		04.3111
Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo
[description not available]		02.0110
Vertigo
An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1)		02.0110
Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		04.3622
Liver Failure
Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)		04.3622
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis
[description not available]		02.0210
Pancreatitis
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.		07.0210
Drug Overdose
Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.		02.0210
Aldosteronism
[description not available]		03.4111
Hyperaldosteronism
A condition caused by the overproduction of ALDOSTERONE. It is characterized by sodium retention and potassium excretion with resultant HYPERTENSION and HYPOKALEMIA.		03.4111
Neovascularization, Optic Disc
[description not available]		02.9410
Retinal Neovascularization
Formation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina.		02.9410
Lassitude
[description not available]		03.411
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		03.411
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		03.411
Polyarthritis
[description not available]		02.0210
Arthritis
Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		02.0210
Diabetic Retinopathy
Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.		04.1130
Back Ache
[description not available]		03.4111
Back Pain
Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions.		03.4111
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.		03.4111
Cardiac Arrest, Sudden
[description not available]		02.9410
Death, Sudden, Cardiac
Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)		02.9410
Choroid Neovascularization
[description not available]		02.0310
Muscle Relaxation
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.		02.0310
Interstitial Nephritis
[description not available]		03.4211
Nephritis, Interstitial
Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.		03.4211
Fibroid
[description not available]		02.0410
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		02.0410
Leiomyoma
A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.		07.0410
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		02.0410
Malignant Hypertension
[description not available]		02.0310
Nephrosclerosis
Hardening of the KIDNEY due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (FIBROSIS), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic HYPERTENSION. Nephrosclerosis leads to renal ISCHEMIA.		07.0310
Hypertension, Malignant
A condition of markedly elevated BLOOD PRESSURE with DIASTOLIC PRESSURE usually greater than 120 mm Hg. Malignant hypertension is characterized by widespread vascular damage, PAPILLEDEMA, retinopathy, HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY, and renal dysfunction.		02.0310
Active Hyperemia
[description not available]		08.8221
Hyperemia
The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).		03.8221
Coronary Restenosis
Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.		02.0510
Hypotension, Postural
[description not available]		02.0410
Hypotension, Orthostatic
A significant drop in BLOOD PRESSURE after assuming a standing position. Orthostatic hypotension is a finding, and defined as a 20-mm Hg decrease in systolic pressure or a 10-mm Hg decrease in diastolic pressure 3 minutes after the person has risen from supine to standing. Symptoms generally include DIZZINESS, blurred vision, and SYNCOPE.		02.0410
Cephalgia Syndromes
[description not available]		02.0410
Headache Disorders
Various conditions with the symptom of HEADACHE. Headache disorders are classified into major groups, such as PRIMARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on characteristics of their headache symptoms) and SECONDARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on their etiologies). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		02.0410
Coarctation of Aorta
[description not available]		02.0410
Aortic Coarctation
A birth defect characterized by the narrowing of the AORTA that can be of varying degree and at any point from the transverse arch to the iliac bifurcation. Aortic coarctation causes arterial HYPERTENSION before the point of narrowing and arterial HYPOTENSION beyond the narrowed portion.		02.0410
Cataract, Membranous
[description not available]		02.0410
Cochlear Hearing Loss
[description not available]		02.0410
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		02.0410
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		02.0410
Cataract
Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0410
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural
Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.		02.0410
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		02.0410
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		02.0410
Decerebrate Posturing
[description not available]		02.420
Hibernation, Myocardial
[description not available]		02.420
Hematochezia
The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.		0210
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.		0210
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.		0210
Hemorrhagic Shock
[description not available]		0210
Bilirubinemia
[description not available]		0210
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance
Disturbances in the body's WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.		03.3911