Page last updated: 2024-10-06

Tyrosine metabolism ( Tyrosine metabolism )

Proteins (28)

ProteinSynonymsTaxonomy
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] AEC 1.4.3.4; Monoamine oxidase type A; MAO-AHomo sapiens (human)
Maleylacetoacetate isomeraseMAAI; EC 5.2.1.2; GSTZ1-1; Glutathione S-transferase zeta 1; 2.5.1.18Homo sapiens (human)
TyrosinaseEC 1.14.18.1; LB24-AB; Monophenol monooxygenase; SK29-AB; Tumor rejection antigen ABHomo sapiens (human)
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] BEC 1.4.3.4; Monoamine oxidase type B; MAO-BHomo sapiens (human)
Hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase, mitochondrialHOT; EC 1.1.99.24; Alcohol dehydrogenase iron-containing protein 1; ADHFe1; Fe-containing alcohol dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
Tyrosine 3-monooxygenaseEC 1.14.16.2; Tyrosine 3-hydroxylase; THHomo sapiens (human)
Tyrosine aminotransferaseTAT; EC 2.6.1.5; L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
Catechol O-methyltransferaseEC 2.1.1.6Homo sapiens (human)
Retina-specific copper amine oxidaseRAO; EC 1.4.3.21; Amine oxidase [copper-containing]; Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase; SSAOHomo sapiens (human)
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferasePNMTase; EC 2.1.1.28; Noradrenaline N-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3EC 1.1.1.1; Alcohol dehydrogenase 5; Alcohol dehydrogenase class chi chain; Alcohol dehydrogenase class-III; Glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase; FALDH; FDH; GSH-FDH; 1.1.1.-; S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase; 1.1.1.284Homo sapiens (human)
Membrane primary amine oxidaseEC 1.4.3.21; Copper amine oxidase; HPAO; Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase; SSAO; Vascular adhesion protein 1; VAP-1Homo sapiens (human)
Alcohol dehydrogenase 1AEC 1.1.1.1; Alcohol dehydrogenase subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4EC 1.1.1.105; Alcohol dehydrogenase 4; Alcohol dehydrogenase class II pi chainHomo sapiens (human)
All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NADEC 1.1.1.105; Alcohol dehydrogenase class 4 mu/sigma chain; 1.1.1.1; Alcohol dehydrogenase class IV mu/sigma chain; Gastric alcohol dehydrogenase; Omega-hydroxydecanoate dehydrogenase ADH7; 1.1.1.66; Retinol dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
Dopamine beta-hydroxylaseEC 1.14.17.1; Dopamine beta-monooxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)
All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1BEC 1.1.1.105; Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B; Alcohol dehydrogenase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)
Alcohol dehydrogenase 1CEC 1.1.1.1; Alcohol dehydrogenase subunit gammaHomo sapiens (human)
Amiloride-sensitive amine oxidase [copper-containing]DAO; Diamine oxidase; EC 1.4.3.22; Amiloride-binding protein 1; Amine oxidase copper domain-containing protein 1; Histaminase; Kidney amine oxidase; KAOHomo sapiens (human)
Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseAADC; EC 4.1.1.28; DOPA decarboxylase; DDCHomo sapiens (human)
Alcohol dehydrogenase 6EC 1.1.1.1Homo sapiens (human)
Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring EC 1.2.1.5; ALDHIII; Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3; Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member A1Homo sapiens (human)
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenaseEC 1.13.11.27; 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid oxidase; 4HPPD; HPD; HPPDaseHomo sapiens (human)
Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3EC 1.2.1.36; Aldehyde dehydrogenase 6; Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 3; RALDH-3; RalDH3Homo sapiens (human)
Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B2EC 1.2.1.3; Aldehyde dehydrogenase 8Homo sapiens (human)
Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenaseEC 1.13.11.5; Homogentisate oxygenase; Homogentisic acid oxidase; HomogentisicaseHomo sapiens (human)
FumarylacetoacetaseFAA; EC 3.7.1.2; Beta-diketonase; Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolaseHomo sapiens (human)
Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B1EC 1.2.1.28; EC 1.2.1.5; EC 1.2.1.7; Aldehyde dehydrogenase 7Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (37)

CompoundDescription
sapropterinRN given refers to parent cpd; co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthases
ammonium hydroxideThe hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.
Carbon DioxideA colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.
glutamic acidA non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
s-adenosylmethioninePhysiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed)
NADH
NorepinephrinePrecursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the ADRENAL MEDULLA and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers, and of the diffuse projection system in the brain that arises from the LOCUS CERULEUS. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.
fumaric acidsee also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters
ascorbic acidA six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.
EpinephrineThe active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.
levodopaThe naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.
tyrosineA non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.
DopamineOne of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.
Hydrogen PeroxideA strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.
WaterA clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
OxygenAn element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
4a-carbinolamine tetrahydrobiopterinstructure given in first source
vanilmandelic acidA 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. It is an end-stage metabolite of CATECHOLAMINES; EPINEPHRINE; and NOREPINEPHRINE.
4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid
3-methoxytyramineRN given refers to parent cpd
homovanillic acidA 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.
4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehydethe major product of L-tyrosine oxidation by activated human phagocytes
alpha-ketoglutaric acid
fumarylacetoacetatemetabolite of tyrosine; RN given for (E)-isomer; structure in first source
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acidA deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.
tyramineAn indirect sympathomimetic that occurs naturally in cheese and other foods. Tyramine does not directly activate adrenergic receptors, but it can serve as a substrate for adrenergic uptake systems and MONOAMINE OXIDASE to prolong the actions of adrenergic transmitters. It also provokes transmitter release from adrenergic terminals and may be a neurotransmitter in some invertebrate nervous systems.
NADA coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
homogentisic acidDihydroxyphenylacetic acid with hydroxyls at the 2 and 5 positions of the phenyl ring.
3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolnoradrenaline metabolite in mouse brain; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation
acetoacetic acid
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetaldehydestructure given in first source
3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde
s-adenosylhomocysteine5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.
dehydroascorbic acidThe reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid. It is the lactone of 2,3-DIKETOGULONIC ACID and has antiscorbutic activity in man on oral ingestion.
3,4-dihydroxymandelic acidmetabolite of L-dopa; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acidRN given refers to parent cpd