Page last updated: 2024-12-06

diadenosine tetraphosphate

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Description

Diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) is a dinucleotide that acts as a signaling molecule in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. It has been shown to regulate the activity of several enzymes and transcription factors. Ap4A is synthesized in cells through the action of various enzymes, such as adenylate kinases and nucleoside diphosphokinase. It is rapidly degraded by Ap4A hydrolases, which ensure its cellular concentration is tightly controlled. Research on Ap4A focuses on its role in signal transduction, its involvement in various metabolic pathways, and its potential as a therapeutic agent. Ap4A has shown potential as an anti-inflammatory agent and has been investigated for its therapeutic effects in cancer and other diseases. '

P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate : A diadenosyl tetraphosphate compound having the two 5'-adenosyl residues attached at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate(4-) : Tetraanion of P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate arising from deprotonation of the tetraphosphate OH groups; major species at pH 7.3. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID21706
CHEMBL ID339385
CHEBI ID17422
SCHEMBL ID849869
MeSH IDM0074782
PubMed CID25243905
CHEBI ID58141
MeSH IDM0074782

Synonyms (47)

Synonym
adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate, 5'-ester with adenosine
diadenosine 5',5'''-p(sup 1),p(sup 2)-tetraphosphate
adenosine 5'-(pentahydrogen tetraphosphate), 5'-5'-ester with adenosine
adenosine(5')tetraphospho(5')adenosine
CHEBI:17422 ,
a(5')p4(5')a
p(1),p(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate
(ppa)2
B4P ,
bis(adenosine)-5'-tetraphosphate
5',5'''-diadenosine tetraphosphate
C01260
p1,p4-bis(5'-adenosyl)tetraphosphate
appppa
diadenosine tetraphosphate
CHEMBL339385 ,
bis(5''-adenylyl) diphosphate
a(5'')p4(5'')a
bdbm50118220
p(1),p(4)-bis(5''-adenosyl) tetraphosphate
adenosine(5'')tetraphospho(5'')adenosine
[[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [[[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] hydrogen phosphate
p(1), p(4)-diadenosine-5'tetraphosphate
5542-28-9
bis(5'-adenosyl)tetraphosphate
SCHEMBL849869
DTXSID60203994
{[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}({[({[({[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy})phosphinic acid
p1,p4-diadenosine-5'-tetraphosphate
diadenosine 5',5'''-p1,p4-tetraphosphate
p1,p4-di(adenosin-5'-yl)tetraphosphate
adenosine-(5')-tetraphospho-(5')-adenosine
Q27102391
diadenosine-tetraphosphate
gtpl1732
[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl [({[({[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl phosphonato}oxy)phosphinato]oxy}phosphinato)oxy]phosphonate
ADENOSYL-P4 ,
p(1),p(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl)tetraphosphate
bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate
ap4a
p1,p4-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate
p(1),p(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate tetraanion
CHEBI:58141
p(1),p(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate(4-)
3LOO
Q4778853
[[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-oxidophosphoryl] [[[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-oxidophosphoryl]oxy-oxidophosphoryl] phosphate

Research Excerpts

Overview

Diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) is a putative second messenger molecule that is conserved from bacteria to humans. It is a vasoactive mediator that may be released from platelet granules and may reach higher plasma concentrations during coronary ischemia-reperfusion.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) is a putative second messenger molecule that is conserved from bacteria to humans. "( Diadenosine tetraphosphate regulates biosynthesis of GTP in Bacillus subtilis.
Amador-Noguez, D; Bange, G; Giammarinaro, PI; Hochberg, G; Mais, CN; Paulus, A; Steinchen, W; Stevenson, DM; Wang, JD; Yang, J; Young, MKM, 2022
)
3.61
"Diadenosine tetraphosphate (AP4A) is a vasoactive mediator that may be released from platelet granules and that may reach higher plasma concentrations during coronary ischemia-reperfusion. "( Coronary response to diadenosine tetraphosphate after ischemia-reperfusion in the isolated rat heart.
Diéguez, G; Fernández, N; García-Villalón, AL; Monge, L, 2011
)
2.13
"Diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) is an adenine nucleotide with vasodilatory properties. "( Coronary effects of diadenosine tetraphosphate resemble those of adenosine in anesthetized pigs: involvement of ATP-sensitive potassium channels.
Amano, M; Kinoshita, M; Liu, Q; Matsumoto, T; Nakae, I; Nakajima, H; Sekine, A; Takahashi, M; Takaoka, A, 1996
)
2.06
"Diadenosine tetraphosphate (AP4A) is an endogenous compound and exerts diverse physiological effects in animal systems. "( Inotropic effects of diadenosine tetraphosphate (AP4A) in human and animal cardiac preparations.
Bokník, P; Deng, MC; Gombosová, I; Huke, S; Jankowski, H; Knapp, J; Linck, B; Lüss, H; Müller, FU; Neumann, J; Scheld, HH; Schlüter, H; Schmitz, W; Vahlensieck, U; Zidek, W; Zimmermann, N, 1999
)
2.07
"Diadenosine tetraphosphate (AP4A) is an unusual nucleotide found in a variety of cells, including platelets. "( Diadenosine 5',5'''-p1,p4-tetraphosphate deficiency in blood platelets of the Chédiak-Higashi syndrome.
Chao, FC; Fauci, AS; Kim, BK; Leavitt, R; Meyers, KM; Zamecnik, PC, 1985
)
1.71

Effects

Diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) has been recently discovered in the pancreatic beta cells. Ap4A targets ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP) channels, depolarizes the cell membrane and induces insulin secretion.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Diadenosine tetraphosphate (AP4A) has a considerable vasodilating effect. "( Intravenous diadenosine tetraphosphate in dogs. Cardiovascular effects and influence on blood gases.
Kikuta, Y; Nakajima, H; Okada, K; Sekine, A; Tezuka, S; Yamaura, T, 1994
)
2.11
"Diadenosine tetraphosphate (AP4A) has a considerable vasodilating effect. "( Intravenous diadenosine tetraphosphate in dogs. Cardiovascular effects and influence on blood gases.
Kikuta, Y; Nakajima, H; Okada, K; Sekine, A; Tezuka, S; Yamaura, T, 1994
)
2.11
"Diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) has been recently discovered in the pancreatic beta cells where targets ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channels, depolarizes the cell membrane and induces insulin secretion. "( Diadenosine tetraphosphate-gating of recombinant pancreatic ATP-sensitive K(+) channels.
Jovanovic, A; Jovanovic, S, 2001
)
3.2

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" The AP(4)A dose-response curve was to the left of that of ATP, and the maximum response was greater than that produced by ATP."( Contractile activity of ATP and diadenosine tetraphosphate on urinary bladder in the rats: role of superoxide anion and urothelium.
Al-Hrasen, MN; Khattab, MM, 2006
)
0.62
" AP(4)A dose-response curve was to the left of that of ATP, and maximum response was greater than that produced by ATP."( Contractile activity of ATP and diadenosine tetraphosphate on urinary bladder in the rat: role of A1- and P2X-purinoceptors and nitric oxide.
Al-Hrasen, MN; El-Hadiyah, TM; Khattab, MM, 2007
)
0.62
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (4)

RoleDescription
Escherichia coli metaboliteAny bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli.
mouse metaboliteAny mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
human metaboliteAny mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metaboliteAny fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
diadenosyl tetraphosphateA diadenosyl polyphosphate that consists of two adenosinyl moieties bridged by a tetraphosphate.
organophosphate oxoanionAn organic phosphoric acid derivative in which one or more oxygen atoms of the phosphate group(s) has been deprotonated.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (1)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Renz2020 - GEM of Human alveolar macrophage with SARS-CoV-20490

Protein Targets (10)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)46.00000.00020.533510.0000AID358183
P2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)250.00000.00041.048910.0000AID1267375
Chain A, Anopheles gambiae adenosine kinaseAnopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito)Ki0.86000.86000.86000.8600AID977610
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
P2Y purinoceptor 4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC50 (µMol)3.00002.60002.80003.0000AID150634
P2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)86.56810.00560.682810.0000AID150321; AID350668; AID350672; AID350678; AID350679; AID350683; AID350686; AID350688; AID350690; AID350692; AID350694; AID350696; AID350698
P2X purinoceptor 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC50 (µMol)0.18200.05402.761310.0000AID152476
P2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)0.18200.05402.462310.0000AID152476
P2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)0.50000.24002.80229.2000AID150151
P2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)1.00001.00005.500010.0000AID150161
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (198)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
primary ovarian follicle growthProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine productionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulusProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
signal transductionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
signal complex assemblyProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
integrin-mediated signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
spermatogenesisProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
learning or memoryProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
response to mechanical stimulusProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
response to acidic pHProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of epithelial cell migrationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epithelial cell migrationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glucose metabolic processProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein processingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
skeletal muscle cell proliferationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migrationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
macroautophagyProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell-cell adhesionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
platelet activationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
forebrain developmentProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
T cell costimulationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein-containing complex assemblyProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
protein destabilizationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
response to nutrient levelsProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomeraseProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to insulin stimulusProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of integrin activationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
adherens junction organizationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreadingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dephosphorylationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of hippo signalingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transductionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
entry of bacterium into host cellProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
osteoclast developmentProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulusProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosisProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
ERBB2 signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
angiotensin-activated signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
odontogenesisProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of vascular permeabilityProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
stress fiber assemblyProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic processProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
transcytosisProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of bone resorptionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
bone resorptionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of Notch signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bone resorptionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of Ras protein signal transductionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
protein autophosphorylationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
ephrin receptor signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
focal adhesion assemblyProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
oogenesisProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
progesterone receptor signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
leukocyte migrationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transductionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein transportProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
response to mineralocorticoidProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
myoblast proliferationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
response to electrical stimulusProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of focal adhesion assemblyProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transductionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitochondrial depolarizationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomerase activityProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
uterus developmentProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesisProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell projection assemblyProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
intestinal epithelial cell developmentProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hydrogen peroxideProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascadeProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
response to interleukin-1Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharideProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to peptide hormone stimulusProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to progesterone stimulusProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to fatty acidProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxiaProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to fluid shear stressProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of podosome assemblyProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
DNA biosynthetic processProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activityProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conductionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cell-cell adhesionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to nucleusProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activityProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of TORC1 signalingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to prolactinProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of male germ cell proliferationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ovarian follicle developmentProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of lamellipodium morphogenesisProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of early endosome to late endosome transportProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of anoikisProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of caveolin-mediated endocytosisProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cell differentiationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cell adhesionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cellProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular monoatomic ion homeostasisP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathwayP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mucus secretionP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ATPP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel diameter maintenanceP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transportP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin secretion by plateletP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contractionP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic processP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
signal transductionP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
inseminationP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressureP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal action potentialP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signalingP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
platelet activationP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to ATPP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glutamatergicP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathwayP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
ceramide biosynthetic processP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentrationP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium ion import across plasma membraneP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosisP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane transportP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxiaP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
signal transductionP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular synaptic transmissionP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
response to heatP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
response to coldP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
response to mechanical stimulusP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
response to carbohydrateP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosolP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
urinary bladder smooth muscle contractionP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
peristalsisP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathwayP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic plasticityP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to painP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signalingP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of tasteP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
establishment of localization in cellP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
protein homotrimerizationP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ATPP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
inorganic cation transmembrane transportP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane transportP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of ruffle assemblyP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
tissue homeostasisP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of sodium ion transportP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemiaP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
signal transductionP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressureP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosolP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophyP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal action potentialP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of painP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signalingP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of prostaglandin secretionP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
response to ATPP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transportP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
response to fluid shear stressP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathwayP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
endothelial cell activationP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migrationP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic processP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to painP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
response to axon injuryP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signalingP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of chemotaxisP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of touchP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transductionP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarizationP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium ion transportP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cardiac muscle contractionP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
relaxation of cardiac muscleP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane transportP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to zinc ionP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ATPP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic signaling pathwayP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of microglial cell migrationP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxisP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathwayP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transportP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
substrate-dependent cell migration, cell extensionP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
hemostasisP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signalingP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
cerebral cortex radial glia-guided migrationP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
cell projection organizationP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
lamellipodium assemblyP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
platelet activationP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of integrin activation by cell surface receptor linked signal transductionP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrinP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathwayP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of monoatomic ion transportP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
response to axon injuryP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of chemotaxisP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chemotaxisP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
establishment of localization in cellP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transductionP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
platelet aggregationP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ATPP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
visual system developmentP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ruffle assemblyP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of microglial cell migrationP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of microglial cell migrationP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxiaP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemiaP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by carotid body chemoreceptor signalingP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular synaptic transmissionP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular junction developmentP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of soundP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
response to carbohydrateP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosolP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
urinary bladder smooth muscle contractionP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
peristalsisP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
response to ATPP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathwayP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to painP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
skeletal muscle fiber developmentP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signalingP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of tasteP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane transportP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (40)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
protein kinase activityProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine kinase activityProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activityProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
integrin bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase activator activityProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
heme bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear estrogen receptor bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
SH2 domain bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cadherin bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
ephrin receptor bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
ATPase bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
phosphoprotein bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
BMP receptor bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
connexin bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor activityP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor activityP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
A1 adenosine receptor bindingP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled UTP receptor activityP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
purinergic nucleotide receptor activityP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellularly ATP-gated monoatomic cation channel activityP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic cation channel activityP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
suramin bindingP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex bindingP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated calcium channel activityP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
purinergic nucleotide receptor activityP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
extracellularly ATP-gated monoatomic cation channel activityP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
purinergic nucleotide receptor activityP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
extracellularly ATP-gated monoatomic cation channel activityP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor bindingP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion bindingP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
cadherin bindingP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated calcium channel activityP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activityP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled ADP receptor activityP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activityP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor activityP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
purinergic nucleotide receptor activityP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
extracellularly ATP-gated monoatomic cation channel activityP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activityP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (44)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
podosomeProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial inner membraneProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
lysosomeProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
late endosomeProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
actin filamentProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
caveolaProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cell junctionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
ruffle membraneProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
dendritic growth coneProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
membrane raftProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic membraneProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapseProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization, intracellular componentProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
dendritic filopodiumProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membraneP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
specific granule membraneP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raftP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zone membraneP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapseP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneP2X purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
axonP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapseP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
hippocampal mossy fiber to CA3 synapseP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapseP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complexP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneP2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)
lysosomal membraneP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
membraneP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
cell junctionP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
terminal boutonP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spineP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
cell bodyP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
membraneP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
cell projection membraneP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
cell body membraneP2Y purinoceptor 12Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapseP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal dense core vesicleP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complexP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneP2X purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (59)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID150161Antagonist activity against recombinant human P2X purinoceptor 4 (P2X4)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 45, Issue:19
Purine and pyrimidine (P2) receptors as drug targets.
AID350712Agonist activity at N-terminal HA epitope-tagged human P2Y2 receptor R272A mutant expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level up to 300 uM relative to carbachol2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID350694Agonist activity at N-terminal HA epitope-tagged human P2Y2 receptor Y118A mutant expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID350698Agonist activity at N-terminal HA epitope-tagged human P2Y2 receptor Y198A mutant expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID1267365Half life in rat plasma2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 107New highly active antiplatelet agents with dual specificity for platelet P2Y1 and P2Y12 adenosine diphosphate receptors.
AID350683Agonist activity at N-terminal HA epitope-tagged human P2Y2 receptor Y114A mutant expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID350696Agonist activity at N-terminal HA epitope-tagged human P2Y2 receptor R194H mutant expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID1267375Partial antagonist activity at human platelet P2Y12 receptor assessed as inhibition of PGE1/ADP-mediated decrease in intra-platelet phosphorylated VASP after 10 mins by FLUO-4 staining based flow cytometric analysis2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 107New highly active antiplatelet agents with dual specificity for platelet P2Y1 and P2Y12 adenosine diphosphate receptors.
AID350686Agonist activity at N-terminal HA epitope-tagged human P2Y2 receptor R177A_R180A double mutant expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID350671Agonist activity at N-terminal HA epitope-tagged human P2Y2 receptor S296A mutant expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level relative to carbachol2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID350689Agonist activity at N-terminal HA epitope-tagged human P2Y2 receptor R177A mutant expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level relative to carbachol2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID612675Stability in medium collected from human HEK293T cells assessed as compound degradation level at 1 mM incubated up to 48 hrs at 37 degC2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 19, Issue:16
Evaluation of influence of Ap4A analogues on Fhit-positive HEK293T cells; cytotoxicity and ability to induce apoptosis.
AID196095Percent of compound radioactivity ([3H]-Ap4A Degradation), in presence of added Ap(s)pCH2pp(s)A, in heparinized rat plasma2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Synthetic, nondegradable diadenosine polyphosphates and diinosine polyphosphates: their effects on insulin-secreting cells and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.
AID91558Percent of compound radioactivity ([3H]-Ap4A Degradation), in presence of added Ap4A, in the incubation medium of INS-1 cell membranes2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Synthetic, nondegradable diadenosine polyphosphates and diinosine polyphosphates: their effects on insulin-secreting cells and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.
AID350690Agonist activity at N-terminal HA epitope-tagged human P2Y2 receptor R180A mutant expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID350691Agonist activity at N-terminal HA epitope-tagged human P2Y2 receptor R180A mutant expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level relative to carbachol2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID152489The compound was evaluated for antagonist activity against recombinant human receptor P2X purinoceptor 2 (P2X2 )2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 45, Issue:19
Purine and pyrimidine (P2) receptors as drug targets.
AID196096Percent of compound radioactivity ([3H]-Ap4A Degradation), in presence of added Ap(s)pCHClpp(s)A, in heparinized rat plasma2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Synthetic, nondegradable diadenosine polyphosphates and diinosine polyphosphates: their effects on insulin-secreting cells and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.
AID150321Evaluated for agonist activity against phospholipase C coupled recombinant human P2Y purinoceptor 2 (P2Y2)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 45, Issue:19
Purine and pyrimidine (P2) receptors as drug targets.
AID350679Agonist activity at N-terminal HA epitope-tagged wild type 4 human P2Y2 receptor expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID1267369Half life in human plasma at 0.7 uM2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 107New highly active antiplatelet agents with dual specificity for platelet P2Y1 and P2Y12 adenosine diphosphate receptors.
AID358183Inhibition of p60c-src expressed in chick embryo fibroblast1992Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 55, Issue:11
Protein-tyrosine kinase inhibition: mechanism-based discovery of antitumor agents.
AID462820Stability in human plasma assessed as half life2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 53, Issue:6
A novel insulin secretagogue based on a dinucleoside polyphosphate scaffold.
AID91555Percent of compound radioactivity ([3H]-Ap4A Degradation), determined in the incubation medium of INS-1 cell membranes2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Synthetic, nondegradable diadenosine polyphosphates and diinosine polyphosphates: their effects on insulin-secreting cells and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.
AID91556Percent of compound radioactivity ([3H]-Ap4A Degradation), in presence of added Ap(s)pCH2pp(s)A, in the incubation medium of INS-1 cell membranes2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Synthetic, nondegradable diadenosine polyphosphates and diinosine polyphosphates: their effects on insulin-secreting cells and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.
AID350697Agonist activity at N-terminal HA epitope-tagged human P2Y2 receptor R194H mutant expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level relative to carbachol2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID152476Antagonist activity against recombinant human P2X purinoceptor 1 (P2X1 )2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 45, Issue:19
Purine and pyrimidine (P2) receptors as drug targets.
AID350665Ratio of EC50 for N-terminal HA epitope-tagged human P2Y2 receptor C278S mutant to EC50 for wild type 3 human P2Y2 receptor2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID612677Stability in HEK293T cellular extract assessed as compound degradation level at 1 mM incubated after 48 hrs at 37 degC2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 19, Issue:16
Evaluation of influence of Ap4A analogues on Fhit-positive HEK293T cells; cytotoxicity and ability to induce apoptosis.
AID350678Agonist activity at N-terminal HA epitope-tagged wild type 3 human P2Y2 receptor expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID350687Agonist activity at N-terminal HA epitope-tagged human P2Y2 receptor R177A_R180A double mutant expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level relative to carbachol2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID350918Agonist activity at N-terminal HA epitope-tagged human P2Y2 receptor Y118A mutant expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level relative to carbachol2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID358182Inhibition of Rous sarcoma virus p60 v-src-induced IgG phosphorylation in tumor bearing rabbits by SDS PAGE1992Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 55, Issue:11
Protein-tyrosine kinase inhibition: mechanism-based discovery of antitumor agents.
AID350710Ratio of EC50 for N-terminal HA epitope-tagged human P2Y2 receptor R194H mutant to EC50 for wild type 3 human P2Y2 receptor2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID350672Agonist activity at N-terminal HA epitope-tagged human P2Y2 receptor S296A mutant expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID350708Agonist activity at N-terminal HA epitope-tagged human P2Y2 receptor C278S mutant expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level relative to carbachol2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID1267368Half life in human whole blood at 0.7 uM2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 107New highly active antiplatelet agents with dual specificity for platelet P2Y1 and P2Y12 adenosine diphosphate receptors.
AID350685Agonist activity at N-terminal HA epitope-tagged human P2Y2 receptor Y114A mutant expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level relative to carbachol2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID350699Agonist activity at N-terminal HA epitope-tagged human P2Y2 receptor Y198A mutant expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level relative to carbachol2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID150634The compound was evaluated for antagonist activity against phospholipase C coupled recombinant rat P2Y purinoceptor 4 (P2Y4)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 45, Issue:19
Purine and pyrimidine (P2) receptors as drug targets.
AID462819Stability in human whole blood assessed as half life2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 53, Issue:6
A novel insulin secretagogue based on a dinucleoside polyphosphate scaffold.
AID1810936Inhibition of recombinant human FHIT at 100 uM incubated for 1 hr by fluorescence based analysis relative to control2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-08, Volume: 64, Issue:13
Synthesis of Fluorescent Probes Targeting Tumor-Suppressor Protein FHIT and Identification of Apoptosis-Inducing FHIT Inhibitors.
AID644880Stability of the compound assessed as human e-NPP1-mediated hydrolysis at pH 8.5 after 20 mins by HPLC analysis2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-12, Volume: 55, Issue:1
Boranophosphate isoster controls P2Y-receptor subtype selectivity and metabolic stability of dinucleoside polyphosphate analogues.
AID1267341Agonist activity at human platelet P2X1 receptor assessed as increase in cytosolic calcium level at 1 uM by FLURO-4 staining based flow cytometric analysis relative to beta,gamma-CH2-ATP2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 107New highly active antiplatelet agents with dual specificity for platelet P2Y1 and P2Y12 adenosine diphosphate receptors.
AID196094Percent of compound radioactivity ([3H]-Ap4A Degradation) in heparinized rat plasma (saline)2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Synthetic, nondegradable diadenosine polyphosphates and diinosine polyphosphates: their effects on insulin-secreting cells and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.
AID350688Agonist activity at N-terminal HA epitope-tagged human P2Y2 receptor R177A mutant expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID350668Agonist activity at N-terminal HA epitope-tagged human P2Y2 receptor C278S mutant expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID350673Agonist activity at N-terminal HA epitope-tagged wild type 3 human P2Y2 receptor expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level relative to carbachol2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID350692Agonist activity at N-terminal HA epitope-tagged human P2Y2 receptor R272A mutant expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID350684Agonist activity at N-terminal HA epitope-tagged wild type 4 human P2Y2 receptor expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level relative to carbachol2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Key determinants of nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled P2Y(2) receptor function revealed by chemical and pharmacological experiments, mutagenesis and homology modeling.
AID612653Stability in medium collected from human HEK293T cells assessed as intact compound level at 1 mM incubated up to 48 hrs at 37 degC2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 19, Issue:16
Evaluation of influence of Ap4A analogues on Fhit-positive HEK293T cells; cytotoxicity and ability to induce apoptosis.
AID150151Antagonist activity against recombinant human P2X purinoceptor 3 (P2X3 )2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 45, Issue:19
Purine and pyrimidine (P2) receptors as drug targets.
AID91557Percent of compound radioactivity ([3H]-Ap4A Degradation), in presence of added Ap(s)pCHClpp(s)A, in the incubation medium of INS-1 cell membranes2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Synthetic, nondegradable diadenosine polyphosphates and diinosine polyphosphates: their effects on insulin-secreting cells and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.
AID977610Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Ki) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2011Biochemistry, Mar-22, Volume: 50, Issue:11
A high-affinity adenosine kinase from Anopheles gambiae.
AID1346305Human P2Y13 receptor (P2Y receptors)2003Molecular pharmacology, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:1
Pharmacological characterization of the human P2Y13 receptor.
AID1347028Human P2Y2 receptor (P2Y receptors)2001European journal of pharmacology, Nov-02, Volume: 430, Issue:2-3
Activity of diadenosine polyphosphates at P2Y receptors stably expressed in 1321N1 cells.
AID1346320Human P2Y12 receptor (P2Y receptors)2003Molecular pharmacology, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:1
Pharmacological characterization of the human P2Y13 receptor.
AID1346293Rat P2Y4 receptor (P2Y receptors)2000Molecular pharmacology, May, Volume: 57, Issue:5
ATP, an agonist at the rat P2Y(4) receptor, is an antagonist at the human P2Y(4) receptor.
AID1347028Human P2Y2 receptor (P2Y receptors)1992British journal of pharmacology, Aug, Volume: 106, Issue:4
Ca(2+)-stores mobilization by diadenosine tetraphosphate, Ap4A, through a putative P2Y purinoceptor in adrenal chromaffin cells.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (461)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-1990144 (31.24)18.7374
1990's150 (32.54)18.2507
2000's97 (21.04)29.6817
2010's60 (13.02)24.3611
2020's10 (2.17)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 17.55

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index17.55 (24.57)
Research Supply Index6.16 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.41 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index18.60 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (17.55)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials2 (0.43%)5.53%
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews22 (4.69%)6.00%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other445 (94.88%)84.16%
Other5 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]